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Hochkirch A, Bilz M, Ferreira CC, Danielczak A, Allen D, Nieto A, Rondinini C, Harding K, Hilton-Taylor C, Pollock CM, Seddon M, Vié JC, Alexander KN, Beech E, Biscoito M, Braud Y, Burfield IJ, Buzzetti FM, Cálix M, Carpenter KE, Chao NL, Chobanov D, Christenhusz MJM, Collette BB, Comeros-Raynal MT, Cox N, Craig M, Cuttelod A, Darwall WRT, Dodelin B, Dulvy NK, Englefield E, Fay MF, Fettes N, Freyhof J, García S, Criado MG, Harvey M, Hodgetts N, Ieronymidou C, Kalkman VJ, Kell SP, Kemp J, Khela S, Lansdown RV, Lawson JM, Leaman DJ, Brehm JM, Maxted N, Miller RM, Neubert E, Odé B, Pollard D, Pollom R, Pople R, Presa Asensio JJ, Ralph GM, Rankou H, Rivers M, Roberts SPM, Russell B, Sennikov A, Soldati F, Staneva A, Stump E, Symes A, Telnov D, Temple H, Terry A, Timoshyna A, van Swaay C, Väre H, Walls RHL, Willemse L, Wilson B, Window J, Wright EGE, Zuna-Kratky T. A multi-taxon analysis of European Red Lists reveals major threats to biodiversity. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0293083. [PMID: 37939028 PMCID: PMC10631624 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0293083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Biodiversity loss is a major global challenge and minimizing extinction rates is the goal of several multilateral environmental agreements. Policy decisions require comprehensive, spatially explicit information on species' distributions and threats. We present an analysis of the conservation status of 14,669 European terrestrial, freshwater and marine species (ca. 10% of the continental fauna and flora), including all vertebrates and selected groups of invertebrates and plants. Our results reveal that 19% of European species are threatened with extinction, with higher extinction risks for plants (27%) and invertebrates (24%) compared to vertebrates (18%). These numbers exceed recent IPBES (Intergovernmental Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services) assumptions of extinction risk. Changes in agricultural practices and associated habitat loss, overharvesting, pollution and development are major threats to biodiversity. Maintaining and restoring sustainable land and water use practices is crucial to minimize future biodiversity declines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Axel Hochkirch
- Musée National d’Histoire Naturelle, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
- Department of Biogeography, Trier University, Trier, Germany
- IUCN SSC Invertebrate Conservation Committee, Trier, Germany
- IUCN SSC Steering Committee, Caracas, Venezuela
- IUCN SSC Grasshopper Specialist Group, Trier, Germany
| | - Melanie Bilz
- Institute of Landscape Architecture and Environmental Planning, Technische Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- IUCN SSC Freshwater Plant Specialist Group, Stroud, United Kingdom
- IUCN European Regional Office, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Catarina C. Ferreira
- IUCN European Regional Office, Brussels, Belgium
- UFZ—Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Department of Conservation Biology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Anja Danielczak
- Department of Biogeography, Trier University, Trier, Germany
| | - David Allen
- IUCN, Biodiversity Assessment and Knowledge Team, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Ana Nieto
- IUCN European Regional Office, Brussels, Belgium
- IUCN, Species Conservation Action Team, Gland, Switzerland
| | - Carlo Rondinini
- Global Mammal Assessment program, Department of Biology and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome; Rome, Italy
- Global Wildlife Conservation Center, State University of New York College of Environmental Science and Forestry, Syracuse, NY, United States of America
| | - Kate Harding
- IUCN, Biodiversity Assessment and Knowledge Team, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Mary Seddon
- IUCN SSC Invertebrate Conservation Committee, Trier, Germany
- IUCN SSC Mollusc Specialist Group, Devon, United Kingdom
| | - Jean-Christophe Vié
- IUCN SSC Steering Committee, Caracas, Venezuela
- Fondation Franklinia, Genève, Switzerland
- IUCN SSC Plant Conservation Committee, Pretoria, South Africa
| | | | - Emily Beech
- Botanic Gardens Conservation International, Richmond, United Kingdom
| | - Manuel Biscoito
- Funchal Natural History Museum, Funchal, Portugal
- MARE-Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Yoan Braud
- IUCN SSC Grasshopper Specialist Group, Trier, Germany
| | - Ian J. Burfield
- BirdLife International, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- IUCN SSC Red List Authority for Birds, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Filippo Maria Buzzetti
- IUCN SSC Grasshopper Specialist Group, Trier, Germany
- Fondazione Museo Civico di Rovereto, Sezione Zoologia, Rovereto, Italy
| | - Marta Cálix
- IUCN European Regional Office, Brussels, Belgium
- Rewilding Portugal, Guarda, Portugal
| | - Kent E. Carpenter
- IUCN Marine Biodiversity Unit, Biological Sciences, Norfolk, VA, United States of America
| | | | - Dragan Chobanov
- IUCN SSC Grasshopper Specialist Group, Trier, Germany
- Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | | | - Bruce B. Collette
- IUCN Tuna and Billfish Specialist Group, National Museum of Natural History, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - Mia T. Comeros-Raynal
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia
- Water Resources Research Center, University of Hawai’i, Honolulu, HI, United States of America
| | - Neil Cox
- IUCN-Conservation International Biodiversity Assessment Unit, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - Matthew Craig
- National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Marine Fisheries Service, Southwest Fisheries Science Center, La Jolla, CA, United States of America
| | - Annabelle Cuttelod
- IUCN Red List Unit, IUCN Global Species Programme, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | - Benoit Dodelin
- IUCN Specialist Adviser on European Saproxylic Beetles, Truro, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas K. Dulvy
- Earth to Ocean Research Group, Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, Canada
| | - Eve Englefield
- IUCN European Regional Office, Brussels, Belgium
- Joint Nature Conservation Committee, Peterborough, United Kingdom
| | - Michael F. Fay
- IUCN SSC Orchid Specialist Group, Royal Botanic Gardens; Richmond, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas Fettes
- IUCN European Regional Office, Brussels, Belgium
- Scott Cawley, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Jörg Freyhof
- Museum für Naturkunde, Leibniz Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity Science, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Mariana García Criado
- IUCN European Regional Office, Brussels, Belgium
- School of Geosciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Harvey
- IUCN Marine Biodiversity Unit, Biological Sciences, Norfolk, VA, United States of America
| | - Nick Hodgetts
- European Committee for the Conservation of Bryophytes, Portree, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Shelagh P. Kell
- The University of Birmingham, School of Biosciences, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - James Kemp
- IUCN European Regional Office, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sonia Khela
- IUCN SSC Cave Invertebrate Specialist Group, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | - Julia M. Lawson
- IUCN Red List Unit, IUCN Global Species Programme, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Bren School of Environmental Science & Management, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, United States of America
| | | | - Joana Magos Brehm
- The University of Birmingham, School of Biosciences, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- IUCN SSC Crop Wild Relative Specialist Group, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Nigel Maxted
- The University of Birmingham, School of Biosciences, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Rebecca M. Miller
- IUCN Red List Unit, IUCN Global Species Programme, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | - Baudewijn Odé
- IUCN SSC Grasshopper Specialist Group, Trier, Germany
- FLORON Plant Conservation Netherlands, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - David Pollard
- Department of Ichthyology, Australian Museum, Sydney, Australia
| | - Riley Pollom
- Species Recovery Program, Seattle Aquarium, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Rob Pople
- BirdLife International, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | - Gina M. Ralph
- IUCN Marine Biodiversity Unit, Biological Sciences, Norfolk, VA, United States of America
| | - Hassan Rankou
- IUCN SSC Orchid Specialist Group, Royal Botanic Gardens; Richmond, United Kingdom
| | - Malin Rivers
- Botanic Gardens Conservation International, Richmond, United Kingdom
- IUCN SSC Global Tree Specialist Group, Richmond, United Kingdom
| | - Stuart P. M. Roberts
- Department of Agroecology, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Barry Russell
- IUCN Snapper, Seabream and Grunt Specialist Group, Museum and Art Gallery of the Northern Territory, Darwin, Australia
| | - Alexander Sennikov
- Botanical Museum, Finnish Museum of Natural History, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Fabien Soldati
- Office National des Forêts, Laboratoire National d’Entomologie Forestière, Quillan, France
| | - Anna Staneva
- BirdLife International, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Emilie Stump
- IUCN Marine Biodiversity Unit, Biological Sciences, Norfolk, VA, United States of America
| | - Andy Symes
- BirdLife International, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Dmitry Telnov
- Natural History Museum, Department of Life Sciences, London, United Kingdom
- Coleopterological Research Center, Institute of Life Sciences and Technology, Daugavpils University, Daugavpils, Latvia
- Institute of Biology, University of Latvia, Rīga, Latvia
| | - Helen Temple
- The Biodiversity Consultancy, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Terry
- Zoological Society of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Anastasiya Timoshyna
- IUCN SSC Medicinal Plant Specialist Group, Ottawa, Canada
- TRAFFIC, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Chris van Swaay
- Vlinderstichting (Dutch Butterfly Conservation), Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Henry Väre
- Botanical Museum, Finnish Museum of Natural History, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Rachel H. L. Walls
- Reef Environmental Education Foundation, Key Largo, FL, United States of America
| | - Luc Willemse
- IUCN SSC Grasshopper Specialist Group, Trier, Germany
- Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Brett Wilson
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Jemma Window
- IUCN, Biodiversity Assessment and Knowledge Team, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | - Thomas Zuna-Kratky
- IUCN SSC Grasshopper Specialist Group, Trier, Germany
- Ingenieurbüro für Landschaftsplanung und Landschaftspflege, Vienna, Austria
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Ghisbain G, Rosa P, Bogusch P, Flaminio S, Divelec RLE, Dorchin A, Kasparek M, Kuhlmann M, Litman J, Mignot M, Mller A, Praz C, Radchenko VG, Rasmont P, Risch S, Roberts SPM, Smit J, Wood TJ, Michez D, Revert S. The new annotated checklist of the wild bees of Europe (Hymenoptera: Anthophila). Zootaxa 2023; 5327:1-147. [PMID: 38220888 DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5327.1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
At a time when nature conservation has become essential to ensure the long-term sustainability of our environment, it is widely acknowledged that conservation actions must be implemented within a solid taxonomic framework. In preparation for the upcoming update of the IUCN Red List, we here update the European checklist of the wild bees (sensu the IUCN geographical framework). The original checklist, published in 2014, was revised for the first time in 2017. In the present revision, we add one genus, four subgenera and 67 species recently described, 40 species newly recorded since the latest revision (including two species that are not native to Europe), 26 species overlooked in the previous European checklists and 63 published synonymies. We provide original records for eight species previously unknown to the continent and, as original taxonomic acts, we provide three new synonyms, we consider two names as nomina nuda, ten names as nomina dubia, three as species inquirenda, synonymize three species and exclude 40 species from the previous checklist. Around a hundred other taxonomic changes and clarifications are also included and discussed. The present work revises the total number of genera for IUCN Europe to 77 and the total number of species to 2,138. In addition to specifying the taxonomic changes necessary to update the forthcoming Red List of European bees, we discuss the sampling and taxonomic biases that characterise research on the European bee fauna and highlight the growing importance of range expansions and species invasions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Ghisbain
- Laboratory of Zoology; Research Institute for Biosciences; University of Mons; Place du parc 20; 7000; Mons; Belgium.
| | - Paolo Rosa
- Laboratory of Zoology; Research Institute for Biosciences; University of Mons; Place du parc 20; 7000; Mons; Belgium.
| | - Petr Bogusch
- Faculty of Science; University of Hradec Krlov; Hradec Krlov; Czech Republic.
| | - Simone Flaminio
- Laboratory of Zoology; Research Institute for Biosciences; University of Mons; Place du parc 20; 7000; Mons; Belgiu; Centro di Ricerca Agricoltura e Ambiente; (CREA) Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e lanalisi dellEconomia Agraria-via di Corticella 133; 40128 Bologna; Italy.
| | - Romain LE Divelec
- Laboratory of Zoology; Research Institute for Biosciences; University of Mons; Place du parc 20; 7000; Mons; Belgium.
| | - Achik Dorchin
- Laboratory of Zoology; Research Institute for Biosciences; University of Mons; Place du parc 20; 7000; Mons; Belgium; Muse Royal de lAfrique Centrale; Leuvensesteenweg 13; 3080 Tervuren; Belgium.
| | | | - Michael Kuhlmann
- Zoological Museum; University of Kiel; Hegewischstr. 3; 24105 Kiel; Germany.
| | - Jesse Litman
- Zoological Museum; University of Kiel; Hegewischstr. 3; 24105 Kiel; Germany..
| | - Maud Mignot
- Natural History Museum of Neuchtel; Terreaux 14; 2000 Neuchtel; Switzerland.
| | - Andreas Mller
- Laboratory of Zoology; Research Institute for Biosciences; University of Mons; Place du parc 20; 7000; Mons; Belgium.
| | - Christophe Praz
- ETH Zrich; Institute of Agricultural Sciences; Biocommunication and Entomology; Schmelzbergstrasse 9/LFO; 8092 Zrich; Switzerland.
| | - Vladimir G Radchenko
- Info fauna Swiss Zoological Records Center; Avenue de Bellevaux 51; 2000 Neuchtel; Switzerland. Institute of Biology; University of Neuchatel; Rue Emile-Argand 16; 2000 Neuchtel; Switzerland.
| | - Pierre Rasmont
- Institute for Evolutionary Ecology of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine; acad. Lebedev; 37; 03143 Kiev; Ukraine.
| | - Stephan Risch
- Laboratory of Zoology; Research Institute for Biosciences; University of Mons; Place du parc 20; 7000; Mons; Belgium.
| | | | - Jan Smit
- Agroecology Lab;Universit Libre de Bruxelles (ULB); Boulevard du Triomphe CP 264/02; 1050 Brussels; Belgium.
| | | | - Denis Michez
- Laboratory of Zoology; Research Institute for Biosciences; University of Mons; Place du parc 20; 7000; Mons; Belgium.
| | - Sara Revert
- Laboratory of Zoology; Research Institute for Biosciences; University of Mons; Place du parc 20; 7000; Mons; Belgium.
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3
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Gillespie MAK, Baude M, Biesmeijer J, Boatman N, Budge GE, Crowe A, Davies N, Evans R, Memmott J, Morton RD, Moss E, Murphy M, Pietravalle S, Potts SG, Roberts SPM, Rowland C, Senapathi D, Smart SM, Wood C, Kunin WE. Landscape-scale drivers of pollinator communities may depend on land-use configuration. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2022; 377:20210172. [PMID: 35491602 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2021.0172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Research into pollinators in managed landscapes has recently combined approaches of pollination ecology and landscape ecology, because key stressors are likely to interact across wide areas. While laboratory and field experiments are valuable for furthering understanding, studies are required to investigate the interacting drivers of pollinator health and diversity across a broader range of landscapes and a wider array of taxa. Here, we use a network of 96 study landscapes in six topographically diverse regions of Britain, to test the combined importance of honeybee density, insecticide loadings, floral resource availability and habitat diversity to pollinator communities. We also explore the interactions between these drivers and the cover and proximity of semi-natural habitat. We found that among our four drivers, only honeybee density was positively related to wild pollinator abundance and diversity, and the positive association between abundance and floral resources depended on insecticide loadings and habitat diversity. By contrast, our exploratory models including habitat composition metrics revealed a complex suite of interactive effects. These results demonstrate that improving pollinator community composition and health is unlikely to be achieved with general resource enhancements only. Rather, local land-use context should be considered in fine-tuning pollinator management and conservation. This article is part of the theme issue 'Natural processes influencing pollinator health: from chemistry to landscapes'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark A K Gillespie
- School of Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK.,Department of Science and Engineering, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, PB 133, 6851 Sogndal, Norway
| | - Mathilde Baude
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Woodland Road, Bristol BS8 1UG, UK.,INRAE USC1328, LBLGC EA1207, University of Orléans, rue de Chartres, BP 6759, 45067 Orléans Cedex 2, France
| | - Jacobus Biesmeijer
- Naturalis Biodiversity Center, 2333 CR Leiden, The Netherlands.,Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nigel Boatman
- Fera Science Ltd (previously Food and Environment Research Agency), Sand Hutton, York YO41 1LZ, UK
| | - Giles E Budge
- Fera Science Ltd (previously Food and Environment Research Agency), Sand Hutton, York YO41 1LZ, UK.,School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Andrew Crowe
- Fera Science Ltd (previously Food and Environment Research Agency), Sand Hutton, York YO41 1LZ, UK
| | - Nancy Davies
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Woodland Road, Bristol BS8 1UG, UK
| | - Rebecca Evans
- Centre for Agri-Environmental Research, School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6AR, UK
| | - Jane Memmott
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Woodland Road, Bristol BS8 1UG, UK
| | - R Daniel Morton
- UK Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Library Avenue, Bailrigg, Lancaster LA1 4AP, UK
| | - Ellen Moss
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK.,Centre for Agri-Environmental Research, School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6AR, UK
| | - Mark Murphy
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Hwy, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Stephane Pietravalle
- Fera Science Ltd (previously Food and Environment Research Agency), Sand Hutton, York YO41 1LZ, UK
| | - Simon G Potts
- Centre for Agri-Environmental Research, School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6AR, UK
| | - Stuart P M Roberts
- Centre for Agri-Environmental Research, School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6AR, UK
| | - Clare Rowland
- UK Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Library Avenue, Bailrigg, Lancaster LA1 4AP, UK
| | - Deepa Senapathi
- Centre for Agri-Environmental Research, School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6AR, UK
| | - Simon M Smart
- UK Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Library Avenue, Bailrigg, Lancaster LA1 4AP, UK
| | - Claire Wood
- UK Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Library Avenue, Bailrigg, Lancaster LA1 4AP, UK
| | - William E Kunin
- School of Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK.,Stellenbosch Institute for Advanced Study (STIAS), Wallenberg Research Centre at Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch 7600, South Africa
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4
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Rasmussen C, Dupont YL, Madsen HB, Bogusch P, Goulson D, Herbertsson L, Maia KP, Nielsen A, Olesen JM, Potts SG, Roberts SPM, Sydenham MAK, Kryger P. Evaluating competition for forage plants between honey bees and wild bees in Denmark. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0250056. [PMID: 33909661 PMCID: PMC8081269 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0250056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A recurrent concern in nature conservation is the potential competition for forage plants between wild bees and managed honey bees. Specifically, that the highly sophisticated system of recruitment and large perennial colonies of honey bees quickly exhaust forage resources leading to the local extirpation of wild bees. However, different species of bees show different preferences for forage plants. We here summarize known forage plants for honey bees and wild bee species at national scale in Denmark. Our focus is on floral resources shared by honey bees and wild bees, with an emphasis on both threatened wild bee species and foraging specialist species. Across all 292 known bee species from Denmark, a total of 410 plant genera were recorded as forage plants. These included 294 plant genera visited by honey bees and 292 plant genera visited by different species of wild bees. Honey bees and wild bees share 176 plant genera in Denmark. Comparing the pairwise niche overlap for individual bee species, no significant relationship was found between their overlap and forage specialization or conservation status. Network analysis of the bee-plant interactions placed honey bees aside from most other bee species, specifically the module containing the honey bee had fewer links to any other modules, while the remaining modules were more highly inter-connected. Despite the lack of predictive relationship from the pairwise niche overlap, data for individual species could be summarized. Consequently, we have identified a set of operational parameters that, based on a high foraging overlap (>70%) and unfavorable conservation status (Vulnerable+Endangered+Critically Endangered), can guide both conservation actions and land management decisions in proximity to known or suspected populations of these species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claus Rasmussen
- Department of Agroecology, Aarhus University, Tjele, Denmark
- * E-mail:
| | - Yoko L. Dupont
- Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Kalø, Denmark
| | | | - Petr Bogusch
- Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Králové, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Dave Goulson
- School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton, United Kingdom
| | - Lina Herbertsson
- Centre for Environmental and Climate Research, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Kate Pereira Maia
- Institute of Biosciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Anders Nielsen
- Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research (NIBIO), Ås, Norway and Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis (CEES), Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jens M. Olesen
- Department of Biology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Simon G. Potts
- Centre for Agri-Environmental Research, School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom
| | - Stuart P. M. Roberts
- Centre for Agri-Environmental Research, School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom
| | | | - Per Kryger
- Department of Agroecology, Entomology and Plant Pathology, Aarhus University, Slagelse, Denmark
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5
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Breeze TD, Bailey AP, Balcombe KG, Brereton T, Comont R, Edwards M, Garratt MP, Harvey M, Hawes C, Isaac N, Jitlal M, Jones CM, Kunin WE, Lee P, Morris RKA, Musgrove A, O'Connor RS, Peyton J, Potts SG, Roberts SPM, Roy DB, Roy HE, Tang CQ, Vanbergen AJ, Carvell C. Pollinator monitoring more than pays for itself. J Appl Ecol 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.13755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tom D. Breeze
- School of Agriculture, Policy and Development University of Reading Reading UK
| | - Alison P. Bailey
- Department Land Management and Systems Lincoln University Lincoln New Zealand
| | - Kelvin G. Balcombe
- School of Agriculture, Policy and Development University of Reading Reading UK
| | | | | | - Mike Edwards
- Edwards Ecological and Data Services Ltd Wallingford UK
| | - Michael P. Garratt
- School of Agriculture, Policy and Development University of Reading Reading UK
| | - Martin Harvey
- School of Environment, Earth and Ecosystem Sciences The Open University Milton Keynes UK
| | | | - Nick Isaac
- Centre for Ecology and Hydrology Wallingford UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Rory S. O'Connor
- School of Agriculture, Policy and Development University of Reading Reading UK
- Department of Biology Leeds University Leeds UK
| | | | - Simon G. Potts
- School of Agriculture, Policy and Development University of Reading Reading UK
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6
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Jacquemin F, Violle C, Munoz F, Mahy G, Rasmont P, Roberts SPM, Vray S, Dufrêne M. Loss of pollinator specialization revealed by historical opportunistic data: Insights from network-based analysis. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0235890. [PMID: 32658919 PMCID: PMC7357768 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0235890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
We are currently facing a large decline in bee populations worldwide. Who are the winners and losers? Generalist bee species, notably those able to shift their diet to new or alternative floral resources, are expected to be among the least vulnerable to environmental change. However, studies of interactions between bees and plants over large temporal and geographical scales are limited by a lack of historical records. Here, we used a unique opportunistic century-old countrywide database of bee specimens collected on plants to track changes in the plant-bee interaction network over time. In each historical period considered, and using a network-based modularity analysis, we identified some major groups of species interacting more with each other than with other species (i.e. modules). These modules were related to coherent functional groups thanks to an a posteriory trait-based analysis. We then compared over time the ecological specialization of bees in the network by computing their degree of interaction within and between modules. “True” specialist species (or peripheral species) are involved in few interactions both inside and between modules. We found a global loss of specialist species and specialist strategies. This means that bee species observed in each period tended to use more diverse floral resources from different ecological groups over time, highly specialist species tending to enter/leave the network. Considering the role and functional traits of species in the network, combined with a long-term time series, provides a new perspective for the study of species specialization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Floriane Jacquemin
- Biodiversity and Landscape, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, Gembloux, Belgium
- CEFE, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, Univ Paul Valéry Montpellier 3, Montpellier, France
- * E-mail:
| | - Cyrille Violle
- CEFE, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, Univ Paul Valéry Montpellier 3, Montpellier, France
| | - François Munoz
- Laboratoire d’Ecologie Alpine, Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Grégory Mahy
- Biodiversity and Landscape, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Pierre Rasmont
- Laboratoire de Zoologie, Université de Mons, Mons, Belgium
| | - Stuart P. M. Roberts
- Centre for Agri-Environmental Research, School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, University of Reading, Reading, England, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah Vray
- Laboratoire de Zoologie, Université de Mons, Mons, Belgium
- Département de Géographie, Université de Namur, Namur, Belgium
| | - Marc Dufrêne
- Biodiversity and Landscape, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, Gembloux, Belgium
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7
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O'Connor RS, Kunin WE, Garratt MPD, Potts SG, Roy HE, Andrews C, Jones CM, Peyton JM, Savage J, Harvey MC, Morris RKA, Roberts SPM, Wright I, Vanbergen AJ, Carvell C. Monitoring insect pollinators and flower visitation: The effectiveness and feasibility of different survey methods. Methods Ecol Evol 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/2041-210x.13292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rory S. O'Connor
- Centre for Agri‐Environmental Research School of Agriculture, Policy and Development University of Reading Reading UK
- The Faculty of Biological Sciences University of Leeds Leeds UK
| | | | - Michael P. D. Garratt
- Centre for Agri‐Environmental Research School of Agriculture, Policy and Development University of Reading Reading UK
| | - Simon G. Potts
- Centre for Agri‐Environmental Research School of Agriculture, Policy and Development University of Reading Reading UK
| | | | | | - Catherine M. Jones
- The Faculty of Biological Sciences University of Leeds Leeds UK
- Buglife – The Invertebrate Conservation Trust Peterborough UK
| | | | | | | | | | - Stuart P. M. Roberts
- Centre for Agri‐Environmental Research School of Agriculture, Policy and Development University of Reading Reading UK
| | | | - Adam J. Vanbergen
- Centre for Ecology & Hydrology Penicuik UK
- AgroécologieAgroSup DijonINRAUniv. Bourgogne Franche‐Comté Dijon France
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8
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Kendall LK, Rader R, Gagic V, Cariveau DP, Albrecht M, Baldock KCR, Freitas BM, Hall M, Holzschuh A, Molina FP, Morten JM, Pereira JS, Portman ZM, Roberts SPM, Rodriguez J, Russo L, Sutter L, Vereecken NJ, Bartomeus I. Pollinator size and its consequences: Robust estimates of body size in pollinating insects. Ecol Evol 2019; 9:1702-1714. [PMID: 30847066 PMCID: PMC6392396 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.4835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Revised: 11/18/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Body size is an integral functional trait that underlies pollination-related ecological processes, yet it is often impractical to measure directly. Allometric scaling laws have been used to overcome this problem. However, most existing models rely upon small sample sizes, geographically restricted sampling and have limited applicability for non-bee taxa. Allometric models that consider biogeography, phylogenetic relatedness, and intraspecific variation are urgently required to ensure greater accuracy. We measured body size as dry weight and intertegular distance (ITD) of 391 bee species (4,035 specimens) and 103 hoverfly species (399 specimens) across four biogeographic regions: Australia, Europe, North America, and South America. We updated existing models within a Bayesian mixed-model framework to test the power of ITD to predict interspecific variation in pollinator dry weight in interaction with different co-variates: phylogeny or taxonomy, sexual dimorphism, and biogeographic region. In addition, we used ordinary least squares regression to assess intraspecific dry weight ~ ITD relationships for ten bees and five hoverfly species. Including co-variates led to more robust interspecific body size predictions for both bees and hoverflies relative to models with the ITD alone. In contrast, at the intraspecific level, our results demonstrate that the ITD is an inconsistent predictor of body size for bees and hoverflies. The use of allometric scaling laws to estimate body size is more suitable for interspecific comparative analyses than assessing intraspecific variation. Collectively, these models form the basis of the dynamic R package, "pollimetry," which provides a comprehensive resource for allometric pollination research worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liam K. Kendall
- School of Environmental and Rural ScienceUniversity of New EnglandArmidaleNew South WalesAustralia
- CSIRO AgricultureBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
| | - Romina Rader
- School of Environmental and Rural ScienceUniversity of New EnglandArmidaleNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Vesna Gagic
- CSIRO AgricultureBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
| | | | | | | | - Breno M. Freitas
- Departamento de Zootecnia—CCAUniversidade Federal do CearáFortalezaBrazil
| | - Mark Hall
- School of Environmental and Rural ScienceUniversity of New EnglandArmidaleNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Andrea Holzschuh
- Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology, BiocenterUniversity of WürzburgWürzburgGermany
| | - Francisco P. Molina
- Dpto. Ecología IntegrativaEstación Biológica de Doñana (EBD‐CSIC)SevillaSpain
| | - Joanne M. Morten
- School of Biological Sciences & Cabot InstituteUniversity of BristolBristolUK
| | - Janaely S. Pereira
- Departamento de Zootecnia—CCAUniversidade Federal do CearáFortalezaBrazil
| | | | | | - Juanita Rodriguez
- Australian National Insect Collection, CSIROCanberraAustralian Capital TerritoryAustralia
| | - Laura Russo
- Botany DepartmentTrinity College DublinDublinIreland
| | - Louis Sutter
- Agroscope, Agroecology and EnvironmentZürichSwitzerland
| | - Nicolas J. Vereecken
- Interfaculty School of Bioengineers, Université Libre de BruxellesBruxellesBelgium
| | - Ignasi Bartomeus
- Dpto. Ecología IntegrativaEstación Biológica de Doñana (EBD‐CSIC)SevillaSpain
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9
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Rotchés‐Ribalta R, Winsa M, Roberts SPM, Öckinger E. Associations between plant and pollinator communities under grassland restoration respond mainly to landscape connectivity. J Appl Ecol 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.13232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Roser Rotchés‐Ribalta
- Technology Centre for Biodiversity, Ecology and Environmental Technology and Food Management (BETA)University of Vic‐Central University of Catalonia Vic. Spain
- Teagasc Johnstown Castle Research CentreCrop, Environment and Land Use Wexford Ireland
- Department of EcologySwedish University of Agricultural Sciences Uppsala Sweden
| | - Marie Winsa
- Department of EcologySwedish University of Agricultural Sciences Uppsala Sweden
| | - Stuart P. M. Roberts
- Centre for Agri‐Environmental ResearchSchool of Agriculture, Policy and DevelopmentUniversity of Reading Reading UK
| | - Erik Öckinger
- Department of EcologySwedish University of Agricultural Sciences Uppsala Sweden
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10
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Wood TJ, Roberts SPM. Constrained patterns of pollen use in Nearctic Andrena (Hymenoptera: Andrenidae) compared with their Palaearctic counterparts. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/biolinnean/bly080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas James Wood
- Department of Entomology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Stuart P M Roberts
- Centre for Agri-Environmental Research, School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, University of Reading, Reading, UK
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11
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Marshall L, Biesmeijer JC, Rasmont P, Vereecken NJ, Dvorak L, Fitzpatrick U, Francis F, Neumayer J, Ødegaard F, Paukkunen JPT, Pawlikowski T, Reemer M, Roberts SPM, Straka J, Vray S, Dendoncker N. The interplay of climate and land use change affects the distribution of EU bumblebees. Glob Chang Biol 2018; 24:101-116. [PMID: 28805965 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.13867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Bumblebees in Europe have been in steady decline since the 1900s. This decline is expected to continue with climate change as the main driver. However, at the local scale, land use and land cover (LULC) change strongly affects the occurrence of bumblebees. At present, LULC change is rarely included in models of future distributions of species. This study's objective is to compare the roles of dynamic LULC change and climate change on the projected distribution patterns of 48 European bumblebee species for three change scenarios until 2100 at the scales of Europe, and Belgium, Netherlands and Luxembourg (BENELUX). We compared three types of models: (1) only climate covariates, (2) climate and static LULC covariates and (3) climate and dynamic LULC covariates. The climate and LULC change scenarios used in the models include, extreme growth applied strategy (GRAS), business as might be usual and sustainable European development goals. We analysed model performance, range gain/loss and the shift in range limits for all bumblebees. Overall, model performance improved with the introduction of LULC covariates. Dynamic models projected less range loss and gain than climate-only projections, and greater range loss and gain than static models. Overall, there is considerable variation in species responses and effects were most pronounced at the BENELUX scale. The majority of species were predicted to lose considerable range, particularly under the extreme growth scenario (GRAS; overall mean: 64% ± 34). Model simulations project a number of local extinctions and considerable range loss at the BENELUX scale (overall mean: 56% ± 39). Therefore, we recommend species-specific modelling to understand how LULC and climate interact in future modelling. The efficacy of dynamic LULC change should improve with higher thematic and spatial resolution. Nevertheless, current broad scale representations of change in major land use classes impact modelled future distribution patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leon Marshall
- Department of Geography, University of Namur, Namur, Belgium
- Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jacobus C Biesmeijer
- Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Institute of Environmental Sciences (CML), Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Pierre Rasmont
- Laboratoire de Zoologie, Research institute of Biosciences, University of Mons, Mons, Belgium
| | - Nicolas J Vereecken
- Agroecology and Pollination Group, Landscape Ecology & Plant Production Systems (LEPPS/EIB), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Libor Dvorak
- Municipal Museum Mariánské Lázně, Mariánské Lázně, Czech Republic
| | - Una Fitzpatrick
- National Biodiversity Data Centre, Beechfield House, Carriganore WIT West Campus, County Waterford, Ireland
| | - Frédéric Francis
- Unit of Functional and Evolutionary Entomology, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, Gembloux, Belgium
| | | | - Frode Ødegaard
- Norwegian Institute for Nature Research - NINA, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Juho P T Paukkunen
- Finnish Museum of Natural History, Zoology Unit, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tadeusz Pawlikowski
- Chair of Ecology and Biogeography, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland
| | - Menno Reemer
- European Invertebrate Survey (EIS), Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Stuart P M Roberts
- Centre for Agri-Environmental Research, School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, University of Reading, Reading, UK
| | - Jakub Straka
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Sarah Vray
- Department of Geography, University of Namur, Namur, Belgium
- Laboratoire de Zoologie, Research institute of Biosciences, University of Mons, Mons, Belgium
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12
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Öckinger E, Winsa M, Roberts SPM, Bommarco R. Mobility and resource use influence the occurrence of pollinating insects in restored seminatural grassland fragments. Restor Ecol 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/rec.12646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Erik Öckinger
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences; Department of Ecology, PO Box 7044; SE-750 07 Uppsala Sweden
| | - Marie Winsa
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences; Department of Ecology, PO Box 7044; SE-750 07 Uppsala Sweden
| | - Stuart P. M. Roberts
- Centre for Agri-Environmental Research, School of Agriculture, Policy and Development; University of Reading; Reading RG6 6AR U.K
| | - Riccardo Bommarco
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences; Department of Ecology, PO Box 7044; SE-750 07 Uppsala Sweden
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13
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Papanikolaou AD, Kühn I, Frenzel M, Kuhlmann M, Poschlod P, Potts SG, Roberts SPM, Schweiger O. Wild bee and floral diversity co-vary in response to the direct and indirect impacts of land use. Ecosphere 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.2008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra D. Papanikolaou
- Department of Community Ecology; Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ; Theodor-Lieser-Straße 4 06120 Halle Germany
| | - Ingolf Kühn
- Department of Community Ecology; Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ; Theodor-Lieser-Straße 4 06120 Halle Germany
- Institute of Biology/Geobotany and Botanical Garden; Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg; Am Kirchtor 1 06108 Halle Germany
- German Center for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig; Deutscher Platz 5e 04103 Leipzig Germany
| | - Mark Frenzel
- Department of Community Ecology; Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ; Theodor-Lieser-Straße 4 06120 Halle Germany
| | - Michael Kuhlmann
- Zoological Museum of Kiel University; Hegewischstr. 3 D-24105 Kiel Germany
- Department of Life Sciences; Natural History Museum; Cromwell Road London SW7 5BD UK
| | - Peter Poschlod
- Institute of Botany; University of Regensburg; D-93040 Regensburg Germany
| | - Simon G. Potts
- Centre for Agri-Environmental Research; School of Agriculture, Policy and Development; The University of Reading; Reading RG6 6AR UK
| | - Stuart P. M. Roberts
- Centre for Agri-Environmental Research; School of Agriculture, Policy and Development; The University of Reading; Reading RG6 6AR UK
| | - Oliver Schweiger
- Department of Community Ecology; Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ; Theodor-Lieser-Straße 4 06120 Halle Germany
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14
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De Palma A, Kuhlmann M, Bugter R, Ferrier S, Hoskins AJ, Potts SG, Roberts SPM, Schweiger O, Purvis A. Dimensions of biodiversity loss: Spatial mismatch in land-use impacts on species, functional and phylogenetic diversity of European bees. DIVERS DISTRIB 2017; 23:1435-1446. [PMID: 29200933 PMCID: PMC5699437 DOI: 10.1111/ddi.12638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim Agricultural intensification and urbanization are important drivers of biodiversity change in Europe. Different aspects of bee community diversity vary in their sensitivity to these pressures, as well as independently influencing ecosystem service provision (pollination). To obtain a more comprehensive understanding of human impacts on bee diversity across Europe, we assess multiple, complementary indices of diversity. Location One Thousand four hundred and forty six sites across Europe. Methods We collated data on bee occurrence and abundance from the published literature and supplemented them with the PREDICTS database. Using Rao's Quadratic Entropy, we assessed how species, functional and phylogenetic diversity of 1,446 bee communities respond to land‐use characteristics including land‐use class, cropland intensity, human population density and distance to roads. We combined these models with statistically downscaled estimates of land use in 2005 to estimate and map—at a scale of approximately 1 km2—the losses in diversity relative to semi‐natural/natural baseline (the predicted diversity of an uninhabited grid square, consisting only of semi‐natural/natural vegetation). Results We show that—relative to the predicted local diversity in uninhabited semi‐natural/natural habitat—half of all EU27 countries have lost over 10% of their average local species diversity and two‐thirds of countries have lost over 5% of their average local functional and phylogenetic diversity. All diversity measures were generally lower in pasture and higher‐intensity cropland than in semi‐natural/natural vegetation, but facets of diversity showed less consistent responses to human population density. These differences have led to marked spatial mismatches in losses: losses in phylogenetic diversity were in some areas almost 20 percentage points (pp.) more severe than losses in species diversity, but in other areas losses were almost 40 pp. less severe. Main conclusions These results highlight the importance of exploring multiple measures of diversity when prioritizing and evaluating conservation actions, as species‐diverse assemblages may be phylogenetically and functionally impoverished, potentially threatening pollination service provision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana De Palma
- Department of Life Sciences Natural History Museum London SW7 5BD UK.,Department of Life Sciences Imperial College London Ascot SL5 7PY UK
| | - Michael Kuhlmann
- Department of Life Sciences Natural History Museum London SW7 5BD UK.,Zoological Museum University of Kiel Kiel Germany
| | - Rob Bugter
- Wageningen Environmental Research (Alterra) Wageningen P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Simon G Potts
- Centre for Agri-Environmental Research School of Agriculture, Policy and Development The University of Reading Reading RG6 6AR UK
| | - Stuart P M Roberts
- Centre for Agri-Environmental Research School of Agriculture, Policy and Development The University of Reading Reading RG6 6AR UK
| | - Oliver Schweiger
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ Department of Community Ecology 06120 Halle Germany
| | - Andy Purvis
- Department of Life Sciences Natural History Museum London SW7 5BD UK.,Department of Life Sciences Imperial College London Ascot SL5 7PY UK
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15
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Winsa M, Öckinger E, Bommarco R, Lindborg R, Roberts SPM, Wärnsberg J, Bartomeus I. Sustained functional composition of pollinators in restored pastures despite slow functional restoration of plants. Ecol Evol 2017; 7:3836-3846. [PMID: 28616180 PMCID: PMC5468136 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.2924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2016] [Revised: 02/16/2017] [Accepted: 02/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Habitat restoration is a key measure to counteract negative impacts on biodiversity from habitat loss and fragmentation. To assess success in restoring not only biodiversity, but also functionality of communities, we should take into account the re-assembly of species trait composition across taxa. Attaining such functional restoration would depend on the landscape context, vegetation structure, and time since restoration. We assessed how trait composition of plant and pollinator (bee and hoverfly) communities differ between abandoned, restored (formerly abandoned) or continuously grazed (intact) semi-natural pastures. In restored pastures, we also explored trait composition in relation to landscape context, vegetation structure, and pasture management history. Abandoned pastures differed from intact and restored pastures in trait composition of plant communities, and as expected, had lower abundances of species with traits associated with grazing adaptations. Further, plant trait composition in restored pastures became increasingly similar to that in intact pastures with increasing time since restoration. On the contrary, the trait composition of pollinator communities in both abandoned and restored pastures remained similar to intact pastures. The trait composition for both bees and hoverflies was influenced by flower abundance and, for bees, by connectivity to other intact grasslands in the landscape. The divergent responses across organism groups appeared to be mainly related to the limited dispersal ability and long individual life span in plants, the high mobility of pollinators, and the dependency of semi-natural habitat for bees. Our results, encompassing restoration effects on trait composition for multiple taxa along a gradient in both time (time since restoration) and space (connectivity), reveal how interacting communities of plants and pollinators are shaped by different trait-environmental relationships. Complete functional restoration of pastures needs for more detailed assessments of both plants dispersal in time and of resources available within pollinator dispersal range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Winsa
- Department of EcologySwedish University of Agricultural SciencesUppsalaSweden
| | - Erik Öckinger
- Department of EcologySwedish University of Agricultural SciencesUppsalaSweden
| | - Riccardo Bommarco
- Department of EcologySwedish University of Agricultural SciencesUppsalaSweden
| | - Regina Lindborg
- Department of Physical GeographyStockholm UniversityStockholmSweden
| | - Stuart P. M. Roberts
- School of Agriculture, Policy and DevelopmentCentre for Agri‐Environmental ResearchUniversity of ReadingReadingUK
| | - Johanna Wärnsberg
- Department of EcologySwedish University of Agricultural SciencesUppsalaSweden
| | - Ignasi Bartomeus
- Department of EcologySwedish University of Agricultural SciencesUppsalaSweden
- Dpto. Ecología IntegrativaEstación Biológica de Doñana (EBD‐CSIC)Isla de la CartujaSevillaSpain
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16
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Sydenham MAK, Moe SR, Kuhlmann M, Potts SG, Roberts SPM, Totland Ø, Eldegard K. Disentangling the contributions of dispersal limitation, ecological drift, and ecological filtering to wild bee community assembly. Ecosphere 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.1650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Markus A. K. Sydenham
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management; Norwegian University of Life Sciences; P.O. Box 5003 NO-1432 Ås Norway
| | - Stein R. Moe
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management; Norwegian University of Life Sciences; P.O. Box 5003 NO-1432 Ås Norway
| | - Michael Kuhlmann
- Zoological Museum; University of Kiel; Hegewischstraße 3 D-24105 Kiel Germany
| | - Simon G. Potts
- Centre for Agri-Environmental Research; School of Agriculture, Policy and Development; Reading University; Reading RG6 6AR United Kingdom
| | - Stuart P. M. Roberts
- Centre for Agri-Environmental Research; School of Agriculture, Policy and Development; Reading University; Reading RG6 6AR United Kingdom
| | - Ørjan Totland
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management; Norwegian University of Life Sciences; P.O. Box 5003 NO-1432 Ås Norway
| | - Katrine Eldegard
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management; Norwegian University of Life Sciences; P.O. Box 5003 NO-1432 Ås Norway
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17
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Holzschuh A, Dainese M, González-Varo JP, Mudri-Stojnić S, Riedinger V, Rundlöf M, Scheper J, Wickens JB, Wickens VJ, Bommarco R, Kleijn D, Potts SG, Roberts SPM, Smith HG, Vilà M, Vujić A, Steffan-Dewenter I. Mass-flowering crops dilute pollinator abundance in agricultural landscapes across Europe. Ecol Lett 2016; 19:1228-36. [PMID: 27531385 PMCID: PMC5031195 DOI: 10.1111/ele.12657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2016] [Revised: 06/24/2016] [Accepted: 07/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Mass-flowering crops (MFCs) are increasingly cultivated and might influence pollinator communities in MFC fields and nearby semi-natural habitats (SNHs). Across six European regions and 2 years, we assessed how landscape-scale cover of MFCs affected pollinator densities in 408 MFC fields and adjacent SNHs. In MFC fields, densities of bumblebees, solitary bees, managed honeybees and hoverflies were negatively related to the cover of MFCs in the landscape. In SNHs, densities of bumblebees declined with increasing cover of MFCs but densities of honeybees increased. The densities of all pollinators were generally unrelated to the cover of SNHs in the landscape. Although MFC fields apparently attracted pollinators from SNHs, in landscapes with large areas of MFCs they became diluted. The resulting lower densities might negatively affect yields of pollinator-dependent crops and the reproductive success of wild plants. An expansion of MFCs needs to be accompanied by pollinator-supporting practices in agricultural landscapes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Holzschuh
- Department of Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Matteo Dainese
- Department of Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Juan P González-Varo
- Estación Biológica de Doñana (EBD-CSIC), Avda. Américo Vespucio s/n, Isla de la Cartuja, 41092, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Sonja Mudri-Stojnić
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 2, 21000, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Verena Riedinger
- Department of Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Maj Rundlöf
- Department of Biology, Lund University, 223 62, Lund, Sweden
| | - Jeroen Scheper
- Alterra, Animal Ecology Team, 6700 AA, Wageningen, The Netherlands.,Plant Ecology and Nature Conservation Group, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 3a, 6708PB, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jennifer B Wickens
- Centre for Agri-Environmental Research, School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, University of Reading, Reading, RG6 6AR, UK
| | - Victoria J Wickens
- Centre for Agri-Environmental Research, School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, University of Reading, Reading, RG6 6AR, UK
| | - Riccardo Bommarco
- Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 75007, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - David Kleijn
- Alterra, Animal Ecology Team, 6700 AA, Wageningen, The Netherlands.,Plant Ecology and Nature Conservation Group, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 3a, 6708PB, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Simon G Potts
- Centre for Agri-Environmental Research, School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, University of Reading, Reading, RG6 6AR, UK
| | - Stuart P M Roberts
- Centre for Agri-Environmental Research, School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, University of Reading, Reading, RG6 6AR, UK
| | - Henrik G Smith
- Department of Biology, Lund University, 223 62, Lund, Sweden.,Centre for Environmental and Climate Research, Lund University, 223 62, Lund, Sweden
| | - Montserrat Vilà
- Estación Biológica de Doñana (EBD-CSIC), Avda. Américo Vespucio s/n, Isla de la Cartuja, 41092, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Ante Vujić
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 2, 21000, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Ingolf Steffan-Dewenter
- Department of Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
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18
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Senapathi D, Carvalheiro LG, Biesmeijer JC, Dodson CA, Evans RL, McKerchar M, Morton RD, Moss ED, Roberts SPM, Kunin WE, Potts SG. The impact of over 80 years of land cover changes on bee and wasp pollinator communities in England. Proc Biol Sci 2016; 282:20150294. [PMID: 25833861 PMCID: PMC4426632 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2015.0294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Change in land cover is thought to be one of the key drivers of pollinator
declines, and yet there is a dearth of studies exploring the relationships
between historical changes in land cover and shifts in pollinator communities.
Here, we explore, for the first time, land cover changes in England over more
than 80 years, and relate them to concurrent shifts in bee and wasp species
richness and community composition. Using historical data from 14 sites across
four counties, we quantify the key land cover changes within and around these
sites and estimate the changes in richness and composition of pollinators. Land
cover changes within sites, as well as changes within a 1 km radius outside the
sites, have significant effects on richness and composition of bee and wasp
species, with changes in edge habitats between major land classes also having a
key influence. Our results highlight not just the land cover changes that may be
detrimental to pollinator communities, but also provide an insight into how
increases in habitat diversity may benefit species diversity, and could thus
help inform policy and practice for future land management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepa Senapathi
- Centre for Agri-Environmental Research, School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6AR, UK
| | - Luísa G Carvalheiro
- Institute of Integrative and Comparative Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK Naturalis Biodiversity Centre, 2333 CR Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Cassie-Ann Dodson
- Centre for Agri-Environmental Research, School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6AR, UK
| | - Rebecca L Evans
- Centre for Agri-Environmental Research, School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6AR, UK
| | - Megan McKerchar
- Institute of Integrative and Comparative Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | | | - Ellen D Moss
- Centre for Agri-Environmental Research, School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6AR, UK
| | - Stuart P M Roberts
- Centre for Agri-Environmental Research, School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6AR, UK
| | - William E Kunin
- Institute of Integrative and Comparative Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Simon G Potts
- Centre for Agri-Environmental Research, School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6AR, UK
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De Palma A, Kuhlmann M, Roberts SPM, Potts SG, Börger L, Hudson LN, Lysenko I, Newbold T, Purvis A. Ecological traits affect the sensitivity of bees to land-use pressures in European agricultural landscapes. J Appl Ecol 2015; 52:1567-1577. [PMID: 27546902 PMCID: PMC4973690 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.12524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2015] [Accepted: 08/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Bees are a functionally important and economically valuable group, but are threatened by land‐use conversion and intensification. Such pressures are not expected to affect all species identically; rather, they are likely to be mediated by the species' ecological traits. Understanding which types of species are most vulnerable under which land uses is an important step towards effective conservation planning. We collated occurrence and abundance data for 257 bee species at 1584 European sites from surveys reported in 30 published papers (70 056 records) and combined them with species‐level ecological trait data. We used mixed‐effects models to assess the importance of land use (land‐use class, agricultural use‐intensity and a remotely‐sensed measure of vegetation), traits and trait × land‐use interactions, in explaining species occurrence and abundance. Species' sensitivity to land use was most strongly influenced by flight season duration and foraging range, but also by niche breadth, reproductive strategy and phenology, with effects that differed among cropland, pastoral and urban habitats. Synthesis and applications. Rather than targeting particular species or settings, conservation actions may be more effective if focused on mitigating situations where species' traits strongly and negatively interact with land‐use pressures. We find evidence that low‐intensity agriculture can maintain relatively diverse bee communities; in more intensive settings, added floral resources may be beneficial, but will require careful placement with respect to foraging ranges of smaller bee species. Protection of semi‐natural habitats is essential, however; in particular, conversion to urban environments could have severe effects on bee diversity and pollination services. Our results highlight the importance of exploring how ecological traits mediate species responses to human impacts, but further research is needed to enhance the predictive ability of such analyses.
Rather than targeting particular species or settings, conservation actions may be more effective if focused on mitigating situations where species' traits strongly and negatively interact with land‐use pressures. We find evidence that low‐intensity agriculture can maintain relatively diverse bee communities; in more intensive settings, added floral resources may be beneficial, but will require careful placement with respect to foraging ranges of smaller bee species. Protection of semi‐natural habitats is essential, however; in particular, conversion to urban environments could have severe effects on bee diversity and pollination services. Our results highlight the importance of exploring how ecological traits mediate species responses to human impacts, but further research is needed to enhance the predictive ability of such analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana De Palma
- Department of Life Sciences Imperial College London Silwood Park Berkshire SL5 7PY UK; Department of Life Sciences Natural History Museum Cromwell Road London SW7 5BD UK
| | - Michael Kuhlmann
- Department of Life Sciences Natural History Museum Cromwell Road London SW7 5BD UK
| | - Stuart P M Roberts
- Centre for Agri-Environmental Research School of Agriculture, Policy and Development The University of Reading Reading RG6 6AR UK
| | - Simon G Potts
- Centre for Agri-Environmental Research School of Agriculture, Policy and Development The University of Reading Reading RG6 6AR UK
| | - Luca Börger
- Department of Biosciences College of Science Swansea University Singleton Park Swansea SA2 8PP UK
| | - Lawrence N Hudson
- Department of Life Sciences Natural History Museum Cromwell Road London SW7 5BD UK
| | - Igor Lysenko
- Department of Life Sciences Imperial College London Silwood Park Berkshire SL5 7PY UK
| | - Tim Newbold
- United Nations Environment Programme World Conservation Monitoring Centre 219 Huntington Road Cambridge CB3 0DL UK
| | - Andy Purvis
- Department of Life Sciences Imperial College London Silwood Park Berkshire SL5 7PY UK; Department of Life Sciences Natural History Museum Cromwell Road London SW7 5BD UK
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Dicks LV, Baude M, Roberts SPM, Phillips J, Green M, Carvell C. How much flower-rich habitat is enough for wild pollinators? Answering a key policy question with incomplete knowledge. Ecol Entomol 2015; 40:22-35. [PMID: 26877581 PMCID: PMC4737402 DOI: 10.1111/een.12226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2015] [Revised: 05/01/2015] [Accepted: 05/05/2015] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
In 2013, an opportunity arose in England to develop an agri-environment package for wild pollinators, as part of the new Countryside Stewardship scheme launched in 2015. It can be understood as a 'policy window', a rare and time-limited opportunity to change policy, supported by a narrative about pollinator decline and widely supported mitigating actions. An agri-environment package is a bundle of management options that together supply sufficient resources to support a target group of species. This paper documents information that was available at the time to develop such a package for wild pollinators. Four questions needed answering: (1) Which pollinator species should be targeted? (2) Which resources limit these species in farmland? (3) Which management options provide these resources? (4) What area of each option is needed to support populations of the target species? Focussing on wild bees, we provide tentative answers that were used to inform development of the package. There is strong evidence that floral resources can limit wild bee populations, and several sources of evidence identify a set of agri-environment options that provide flowers and other resources for pollinators. The final question could only be answered for floral resources, with a wide range of uncertainty. We show that the areas of some floral resource options in the basic Wild Pollinator and Farmland Wildlife Package (2% flower-rich habitat and 1 km flowering hedgerow), are sufficient to supply a set of six common pollinator species with enough pollen to feed their larvae at lowest estimates, using minimum values for estimated parameters where a range was available. We identify key sources of uncertainty, and stress the importance of keeping the Package flexible, so it can be revised as new evidence emerges about how to achieve the policy aim of supporting pollinators on farmland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynn V Dicks
- Department of Zoology University of Cambridge Cambridge U.K
| | - Mathilde Baude
- Collegium Sciences et Techniques, LBLGC EA 1207, Université d'Orléans Orléans France; School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol Bristol U.K
| | - Stuart P M Roberts
- Centre for Agri-Environmental Research, School of Agriculture, Policy & Development, University of Reading Reading U.K
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Scheper J, Bommarco R, Holzschuh A, Potts SG, Riedinger V, Roberts SPM, Rundlöf M, Smith HG, Steffan-Dewenter I, Wickens JB, Wickens VJ, Kleijn D. Local and landscape-level floral resources explain effects of wildflower strips on wild bees across four European countries. J Appl Ecol 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.12479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jeroen Scheper
- Alterra; Animal Ecology Team; 6700 AA Wageningen The Netherlands
| | - Riccardo Bommarco
- Department of Ecology; Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences; 750 07 Uppsala Sweden
| | - Andrea Holzschuh
- Department of Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology; Biocenter; University of Würzburg; Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Simon G. Potts
- School of Agriculture, Policy and Development; University of Reading; Reading RG6 6AR UK
| | - Verena Riedinger
- Department of Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology; Biocenter; University of Würzburg; Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Stuart P. M. Roberts
- School of Agriculture, Policy and Development; University of Reading; Reading RG6 6AR UK
| | - Maj Rundlöf
- Department of Biology & Centre of Environmental and Climate Research; Lund University; 223 62 Lund Sweden
| | - Henrik G. Smith
- Department of Biology & Centre of Environmental and Climate Research; Lund University; 223 62 Lund Sweden
| | - Ingolf Steffan-Dewenter
- Department of Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology; Biocenter; University of Würzburg; Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Jennifer B. Wickens
- School of Agriculture, Policy and Development; University of Reading; Reading RG6 6AR UK
| | - Victoria J. Wickens
- School of Agriculture, Policy and Development; University of Reading; Reading RG6 6AR UK
| | - David Kleijn
- Alterra; Animal Ecology Team; 6700 AA Wageningen The Netherlands
- Resource Ecology Group; Wageningen University; 6700 AA Wageningen The Netherlands
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22
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Bartomeus I, Potts SG, Steffan-Dewenter I, Vaissière BE, Woyciechowski M, Krewenka KM, Tscheulin T, Roberts SPM, Szentgyörgyi H, Westphal C, Bommarco R. Contribution of insect pollinators to crop yield and quality varies with agricultural intensification. PeerJ 2014; 2:e328. [PMID: 24749007 PMCID: PMC3976118 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2014] [Accepted: 03/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. Up to 75% of crop species benefit at least to some degree from animal pollination for fruit or seed set and yield. However, basic information on the level of pollinator dependence and pollinator contribution to yield is lacking for many crops. Even less is known about how insect pollination affects crop quality. Given that habitat loss and agricultural intensification are known to decrease pollinator richness and abundance, there is a need to assess the consequences for different components of crop production. Methods. We used pollination exclusion on flowers or inflorescences on a whole plant basis to assess the contribution of insect pollination to crop yield and quality in four flowering crops (spring oilseed rape, field bean, strawberry, and buckwheat) located in four regions of Europe. For each crop, we recorded abundance and species richness of flower visiting insects in ten fields located along a gradient from simple to heterogeneous landscapes. Results. Insect pollination enhanced average crop yield between 18 and 71% depending on the crop. Yield quality was also enhanced in most crops. For instance, oilseed rape had higher oil and lower chlorophyll contents when adequately pollinated, the proportion of empty seeds decreased in buckwheat, and strawberries' commercial grade improved; however, we did not find higher nitrogen content in open pollinated field beans. Complex landscapes had a higher overall species richness of wild pollinators across crops, but visitation rates were only higher in complex landscapes for some crops. On the contrary, the overall yield was consistently enhanced by higher visitation rates, but not by higher pollinator richness. Discussion. For the four crops in this study, there is clear benefit delivered by pollinators on yield quantity and/or quality, but it is not maximized under current agricultural intensification. Honeybees, the most abundant pollinator, might partially compensate the loss of wild pollinators in some areas, but our results suggest the need of landscape-scale actions to enhance wild pollinator populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignasi Bartomeus
- Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences , Uppsala , Sweden
| | - Simon G Potts
- School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, University of Reading , Reading , UK
| | - Ingolf Steffan-Dewenter
- Department of Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology, Biocentre, University of Würzburg , Würzburg , Germany
| | | | - Michal Woyciechowski
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Jagiellonian University , Gronostajowa, Krakow , Poland
| | - Kristin M Krewenka
- Department of Crop Science, Agroecology, Georg-August-University , Göttingen , Germany
| | - Thomas Tscheulin
- School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, University of Reading , Reading , UK ; Department of Geography, University of the Aegean , Mytilene , Greece
| | - Stuart P M Roberts
- School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, University of Reading , Reading , UK
| | - Hajnalka Szentgyörgyi
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Jagiellonian University , Gronostajowa, Krakow , Poland
| | - Catrin Westphal
- Department of Crop Science, Agroecology, Georg-August-University , Göttingen , Germany
| | - Riccardo Bommarco
- Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences , Uppsala , Sweden
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Bailey S, Requier F, Nusillard B, Roberts SPM, Potts SG, Bouget C. Distance from forest edge affects bee pollinators in oilseed rape fields. Ecol Evol 2014; 4:370-80. [PMID: 24634722 PMCID: PMC3936384 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2013] [Revised: 10/05/2013] [Accepted: 10/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Wild pollinators have been shown to enhance the pollination of Brassica napus (oilseed rape) and thus increase its market value. Several studies have previously shown that pollination services are greater in crops adjoining forest patches or other seminatural habitats than in crops completely surrounded by other crops. In this study, we investigated the specific importance of forest edges in providing potential pollinators in B. napus fields in two areas in France. Bees were caught with yellow pan traps at increasing distances from both warm and cold forest edges into B. napus fields during the blooming period. A total of 4594 individual bees, representing six families and 83 taxa, were collected. We found that both bee abundance and taxa richness were negatively affected by the distance from forest edge. However, responses varied between bee groups and edge orientations. The ITD (Inter-Tegular distance) of the species, a good proxy for bee foraging range, seems to limit how far the bees can travel from the forest edge. We found a greater abundance of cuckoo bees (Nomada spp.) of Andrena spp. and Andrena spp. males at forest edges, which we assume indicate suitable nesting sites, or at least mating sites, for some abundant Andrena species and their parasites (Fig. 1). Synthesis and Applications. This study provides one of the first examples in temperate ecosystems of how forest edges may actually act as a reservoir of potential pollinators and directly benefit agricultural crops by providing nesting or mating sites for important early spring pollinators. Policy-makers and land managers should take forest edges into account and encourage their protection in the agricultural matrix to promote wild bees and their pollination services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Bailey
- National Research Institute Sciences & Technologies Environment & Agriculture Irstea, Res Unit Biodiversity 45290, Nogent-sur-Vernisson, France
| | - Fabrice Requier
- UE Entomologie, INRA, UE 1255 F-17700, Surgères, France ; Centre d'Etudes Biologiques de Chizé, CNRS, UPR 1934 79360, Beauvoir sur Niort, France
| | - Benoît Nusillard
- National Research Institute Sciences & Technologies Environment & Agriculture Irstea, Res Unit Biodiversity 45290, Nogent-sur-Vernisson, France
| | - Stuart P M Roberts
- Centre for Agri-Environmental Research (CAER), University of Reading Reading, U.K
| | - Simon G Potts
- Centre for Agri-Environmental Research (CAER), University of Reading Reading, U.K
| | - Christophe Bouget
- National Research Institute Sciences & Technologies Environment & Agriculture Irstea, Res Unit Biodiversity 45290, Nogent-sur-Vernisson, France
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24
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Nielsen A, Steffan-Dewenter I, Westphal C, Messinger O, Potts SG, Roberts SPM, Settele J, Szentgyörgyi H, Vaissière BE, Vaitis M, Woyciechowski M, Bazos I, Biesmeijer JC, Bommarco R, Kunin WE, Tscheulin T, Lamborn E, Petanidou T. Assessing bee species richness in two Mediterranean communities: importance of habitat type and sampling techniques. Ecol Res 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s11284-011-0852-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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25
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Bommarco R, Biesmeijer JC, Meyer B, Potts SG, Pöyry J, Roberts SPM, Steffan-Dewenter I, Ockinger E. Dispersal capacity and diet breadth modify the response of wild bees to habitat loss. Proc Biol Sci 2010; 277:2075-82. [PMID: 20219735 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2009.2221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 194] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Habitat loss poses a major threat to biodiversity, and species-specific extinction risks are inextricably linked to life-history characteristics. This relationship is still poorly documented for many functionally important taxa, and at larger continental scales. With data from five replicated field studies from three countries, we examined how species richness of wild bees varies with habitat patch size. We hypothesized that the form of this relationship is affected by body size, degree of host plant specialization and sociality. Across all species, we found a positive species-area slope (z = 0.19), and species traits modified this relationship. Large-bodied generalists had a lower z value than small generalists. Contrary to predictions, small specialists had similar or slightly lower z value compared with large specialists, and small generalists also tended to be more strongly affected by habitat loss as compared with small specialists. Social bees were negatively affected by habitat loss (z = 0.11) irrespective of body size. We conclude that habitat loss leads to clear shifts in the species composition of wild bee communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Bommarco
- Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden.
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26
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Westphal C, Bommarco R, Carré G, Lamborn E, Morison N, Petanidou T, Potts SG, Roberts SPM, Szentgyörgyi H, Tscheulin T, Vaissière BE, Woyciechowski M, Biesmeijer JC, Kunin WE, Settele J, Steffan-Dewenter I. MEASURING BEE DIVERSITY IN DIFFERENT EUROPEAN HABITATS AND BIOGEOGRAPHICAL REGIONS. ECOL MONOGR 2008. [DOI: 10.1890/07-1292.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 471] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Abstract
1. Valuable insights into mechanisms of community responses to environmental change can be gained by analysing in tandem the variation in functional and taxonomic composition along environmental gradients. 2. We assess the changes in species and functional trait composition (i.e. dominant traits and functional diversity) of diverse bee communities in contrasting fire-driven systems in two climatic regions: Mediterranean (scrub habitats in Israel) and temperate (chestnut forests in southern Switzerland). 3. In both climatic regions, there were shifts in species diversity and composition related to post-fire age. In the temperate region, functional composition responded markedly to fire; however, in the Mediterranean, the taxonomic response to fire was not matched by functional replacement. 4. These results suggest that greater functional stability to fire in the Mediterranean is achieved by replacement of functionally similar species (i.e. functional redundancy) which dominate under different environmental conditions in the heterogeneous landscapes of the region. In contrast, the greater functional response in the temperate region was attributed to a more rapid post-fire vegetation recovery and shorter time-window when favourable habitat was available relative to the Mediterranean. 5. Bee traits can be used to predict the functional responses of bee communities to environmental changes in habitats of conservation importance in different regions with distinct disturbance regimes. However, predictions cannot be generalized from one climatic region to another where distinct habitat configurations occur.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Moretti
- Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Ecosystem Boundaries Research unit, CH-6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland.
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28
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Biesmeijer JC, Roberts SPM, Reemer M, Ohlemüller R, Edwards M, Peeters T, Schaffers AP, Potts SG, Kleukers R, Thomas CD, Settele J, Kunin WE. Parallel Declines in Pollinators and Insect-Pollinated Plants in Britain and the Netherlands. Science 2006; 313:351-4. [PMID: 16857940 DOI: 10.1126/science.1127863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1143] [Impact Index Per Article: 63.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Despite widespread concern about declines in pollination services, little is known about the patterns of change in most pollinator assemblages. By studying bee and hoverfly assemblages in Britain and the Netherlands, we found evidence of declines (pre-versus post-1980) in local bee diversity in both countries; however, divergent trends were observed in hoverflies. Depending on the assemblage and location, pollinator declines were most frequent in habitat and flower specialists, in univoltine species, and/or in nonmigrants. In conjunction with this evidence, outcrossing plant species that are reliant on the declining pollinators have themselves declined relative to other plant species. Taken together, these findings strongly suggest a causal connection between local extinctions of functionally linked plant and pollinator species.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C Biesmeijer
- Institute of Integrative and Comparative Biology and Earth and Biosphere Institute, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK.
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29
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Biesmeijer JC, Roberts SPM, Reemer M, Ohlemüller R, Edwards M, Peeters T, Schaffers AP, Potts SG, Kleukers R, Thomas CD, Settele J, Kunin WE. Parallel declines in pollinators and insect-pollinated plants in Britain and the Netherlands. Science 2006. [PMID: 16857940 DOI: 10.1126/science.112786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Despite widespread concern about declines in pollination services, little is known about the patterns of change in most pollinator assemblages. By studying bee and hoverfly assemblages in Britain and the Netherlands, we found evidence of declines (pre-versus post-1980) in local bee diversity in both countries; however, divergent trends were observed in hoverflies. Depending on the assemblage and location, pollinator declines were most frequent in habitat and flower specialists, in univoltine species, and/or in nonmigrants. In conjunction with this evidence, outcrossing plant species that are reliant on the declining pollinators have themselves declined relative to other plant species. Taken together, these findings strongly suggest a causal connection between local extinctions of functionally linked plant and pollinator species.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C Biesmeijer
- Institute of Integrative and Comparative Biology and Earth and Biosphere Institute, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK.
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