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Varghese SM, Patel S, Nandan A, Jose A, Ghosh S, Sah RK, Menon B, K V A, Chakravarty S. Unraveling the Role of the Blood-Brain Barrier in the Pathophysiology of Depression: Recent Advances and Future Perspectives. Mol Neurobiol 2024:10.1007/s12035-024-04205-5. [PMID: 38730081 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-024-04205-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
Depression is a highly prevalent psychological disorder characterized by persistent dysphoria, psychomotor retardation, insomnia, anhedonia, suicidal ideation, and a remarkable decrease in overall well-being. Despite the prevalence of accessible antidepressant therapies, many individuals do not achieve substantial improvement. Understanding the multifactorial pathophysiology and the heterogeneous nature of the disorder could lead the way toward better outcomes. Recent findings have elucidated the substantial impact of compromised blood-brain barrier (BBB) integrity on the manifestation of depression. BBB functions as an indispensable defense mechanism, tightly overseeing the transport of molecules from the periphery to preserve the integrity of the brain parenchyma. The dysfunction of the BBB has been implicated in a multitude of neurological disorders, and its disruption and consequent brain alterations could potentially serve as important factors in the pathogenesis and progression of depression. In this review, we extensively examine the pathophysiological relevance of the BBB and delve into the specific modifications of its components that underlie the complexities of depression. A particular focus has been placed on examining the effects of peripheral inflammation on the BBB in depression and elucidating the intricate interactions between the gut, BBB, and brain. Furthermore, this review encompasses significant updates on the assessment of BBB integrity and permeability, providing a comprehensive overview of the topic. Finally, we outline the therapeutic relevance and strategies based on BBB in depression, including COVID-19-associated BBB disruption and neuropsychiatric implications. Understanding the comprehensive pathogenic cascade of depression is crucial for shaping the trajectory of future research endeavors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shamili Mariya Varghese
- Department of Pharmacology, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Sciences Campus, Kochi, Kerala, 682 041, India
| | - Shashikant Patel
- Applied Biology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Tarnaka, Uppal Road, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500007, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Amritasree Nandan
- Department of Pharmacology, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Sciences Campus, Kochi, Kerala, 682 041, India
| | - Anju Jose
- Department of Pharmacology, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Sciences Campus, Kochi, Kerala, 682 041, India
| | - Soumya Ghosh
- Applied Biology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Tarnaka, Uppal Road, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500007, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Ranjay Kumar Sah
- Department of Pharmacology, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Sciences Campus, Kochi, Kerala, 682 041, India
| | - Bindu Menon
- Department of Psychiatry, Amrita School of Medicine, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Sciences Campus, Kochi, Kerala, 682 041, India
| | - Athira K V
- Department of Pharmacology, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Sciences Campus, Kochi, Kerala, 682 041, India.
| | - Sumana Chakravarty
- Applied Biology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Tarnaka, Uppal Road, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500007, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India.
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2
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Goswami D, Patel H, Betz W, Armstrong J, Camargo N, Patil A, Chakravarty S, Murphy SC, Sim BKL, Vaughan AM, Hoffman SL, Kappe SH. A replication competent Plasmodium falciparum parasite completely attenuated by dual gene deletion. EMBO Mol Med 2024; 16:723-754. [PMID: 38514791 PMCID: PMC11018819 DOI: 10.1038/s44321-024-00057-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Vaccination with infectious Plasmodium falciparum (Pf) sporozoites (SPZ) administered with antimalarial drugs (PfSPZ-CVac), confers superior sterilizing protection against infection when compared to vaccination with replication-deficient, radiation-attenuated PfSPZ. However, the requirement for drug administration constitutes a major limitation for PfSPZ-CVac. To obviate this limitation, we generated late liver stage-arresting replication competent (LARC) parasites by deletion of the Mei2 and LINUP genes (mei2-/linup- or LARC2). We show that Plasmodium yoelii (Py) LARC2 sporozoites did not cause breakthrough blood stage infections and engendered durable sterilizing immunity against various infectious sporozoite challenges in diverse strains of mice. We next genetically engineered a PfLARC2 parasite strain that was devoid of extraneous DNA and produced cryopreserved PfSPZ-LARC2. PfSPZ-LARC2 liver stages replicated robustly in liver-humanized mice but displayed severe defects in late liver stage differentiation and did not form liver stage merozoites. This resulted in complete abrogation of parasite transition to viable blood stage infection. Therefore, PfSPZ-LARC2 is the next-generation vaccine strain expected to unite the safety profile of radiation-attenuated PfSPZ with the superior protective efficacy of PfSPZ-CVac.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debashree Goswami
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, 307 Westlake Avenue North, Suite 500, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Hardik Patel
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, 307 Westlake Avenue North, Suite 500, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - William Betz
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, 307 Westlake Avenue North, Suite 500, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Janna Armstrong
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, 307 Westlake Avenue North, Suite 500, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Nelly Camargo
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, 307 Westlake Avenue North, Suite 500, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Asha Patil
- Sanaria Inc., 9800 Medical Center Dr., Rockville, MD, 20850, USA
| | | | - Sean C Murphy
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - B Kim Lee Sim
- Sanaria Inc., 9800 Medical Center Dr., Rockville, MD, 20850, USA
| | - Ashley M Vaughan
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, 307 Westlake Avenue North, Suite 500, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Stefan Hi Kappe
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, 307 Westlake Avenue North, Suite 500, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
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3
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Radhakrishnan M, Vijay V, Supraja Acharya B, Basuthakur P, Patel S, Soren K, Kumar A, Chakravarty S. Uncovering Sex-Specific Epigenetic Regulatory Mechanism Involving H3k9me2 in Neural Inflammation, Damage, and Recovery in the Internal Carotid Artery Occlusion Mouse Model. Neuromolecular Med 2024; 26:3. [PMID: 38407687 DOI: 10.1007/s12017-023-08768-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Cerebral ischemic stroke is one of the foremost global causes of death and disability. Due to inadequate knowledge in its sequential disease mechanisms, therapeutic efforts to mitigate acute ischemia-induced brain injury are limited. Recent studies have implicated epigenetic mechanisms, mostly histone lysine acetylation/deacetylation, in ischemia-induced neural damage and death. However, the role of lysine methylation/demethylation, another prevalent epigenetic mechanism in cerebral ischemia has not undergone comprehensive investigation, except a few recent reports, including those from our research cohort. Considering the impact of sex on post-stroke outcomes, we studied both male and female mice to elucidate molecular details using our recently developed Internal Carotid Artery Occlusion (ICAO) model, which induces mild to moderate cerebral ischemia, primarily affecting the striatum and ventral hippocampus. Here, we demonstrate for the first time that female mice exhibit faster recovery than male mice following ICAO, evaluated through neurological deficit score and motor coordination assessment. Furthermore, our investigation unveiled that dysregulated histone lysine demethylases (KDMs), particularly kdm4b/jmjd2b are responsible for the sex-specific variance in the modulation of inflammatory genes. Building upon our prior reportage blocking KDMs by DMOG (Dimethyloxalylglycine) and thus preventing the attenuation in H3k9me2 reduced the post-ICAO transcript levels of the inflammatory molecules and neural damage, our present study delved into investigating the differential role of H3k9me2 in the regulation of pro-inflammatory genes in female vis-à-vis male mice underlying ICAO-induced neural damage and recovery. Overall, our results reveal the important role of epigenetic mark H3k9me2 in mediating sex-specific sequential events in inflammatory response, elicited post-ICAO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mydhili Radhakrishnan
- Applied Biology, CSIR- Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (IICT), Tarnaka, Hyderabad, 500007, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Vincy Vijay
- Applied Biology, CSIR- Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (IICT), Tarnaka, Hyderabad, 500007, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - B Supraja Acharya
- Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology (CCMB), Hyderabad, 500007, India
| | - Papia Basuthakur
- Applied Biology, CSIR- Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (IICT), Tarnaka, Hyderabad, 500007, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Shashikant Patel
- Applied Biology, CSIR- Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (IICT), Tarnaka, Hyderabad, 500007, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Kalyani Soren
- Applied Biology, CSIR- Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (IICT), Tarnaka, Hyderabad, 500007, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Arvind Kumar
- Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology (CCMB), Hyderabad, 500007, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India.
| | - Sumana Chakravarty
- Applied Biology, CSIR- Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (IICT), Tarnaka, Hyderabad, 500007, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India.
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Watson FN, Shears MJ, Kalata AC, Duncombe CJ, Seilie AM, Chavtur C, Conrad E, Cruz Talavera I, Raappana A, Sather DN, Chakravarty S, Sim BKL, Hoffman SL, Tsuji M, Murphy SC. Ultra-low volume intradermal administration of radiation-attenuated sporozoites with the glycolipid adjuvant 7DW8-5 completely protects mice against malaria. Sci Rep 2024; 14:2881. [PMID: 38311678 PMCID: PMC10838921 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-53118-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Radiation-attenuated sporozoite (RAS) vaccines can completely prevent blood stage Plasmodium infection by inducing liver-resident memory CD8+ T cells to target parasites in the liver. Such T cells can be induced by 'Prime-and-trap' vaccination, which here combines DNA priming against the P. yoelii circumsporozoite protein (CSP) with a subsequent intravenous (IV) dose of liver-homing RAS to "trap" the activated and expanding T cells in the liver. Prime-and-trap confers durable protection in mice, and efforts are underway to translate this vaccine strategy to the clinic. However, it is unclear whether the RAS trapping dose must be strictly administered by the IV route. Here we show that intradermal (ID) RAS administration can be as effective as IV administration if RAS are co-administrated with the glycolipid adjuvant 7DW8-5 in an ultra-low inoculation volume. In mice, the co-administration of RAS and 7DW8-5 in ultra-low ID volumes (2.5 µL) was completely protective and dose sparing compared to standard volumes (10-50 µL) and induced protective levels of CSP-specific CD8+ T cells in the liver. Our finding that adjuvants and ultra-low volumes are required for ID RAS efficacy may explain why prior reports about higher volumes of unadjuvanted ID RAS proved less effective than IV RAS. The ID route may offer significant translational advantages over the IV route and could improve sporozoite vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felicia N Watson
- Graduate Program in Pathobiology, Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
- Center for Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases (CERID), University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Melanie J Shears
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
- Center for Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases (CERID), University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Anya C Kalata
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
- Center for Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases (CERID), University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Caroline J Duncombe
- Graduate Program in Pathobiology, Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
- Center for Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases (CERID), University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - A Mariko Seilie
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
- Center for Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases (CERID), University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Chris Chavtur
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
- Center for Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases (CERID), University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Ethan Conrad
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
- Center for Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases (CERID), University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Irene Cruz Talavera
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
- Center for Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases (CERID), University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Andrew Raappana
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - D Noah Sather
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Sumana Chakravarty
- Sanaria Inc., 9800 Medical Center Drive, Suite A209, Rockville, MD, 20850, USA
| | - B Kim Lee Sim
- Sanaria Inc., 9800 Medical Center Drive, Suite A209, Rockville, MD, 20850, USA
| | - Stephen L Hoffman
- Sanaria Inc., 9800 Medical Center Drive, Suite A209, Rockville, MD, 20850, USA
| | - Moriya Tsuji
- Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Sean C Murphy
- Graduate Program in Pathobiology, Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA.
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA.
- Center for Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases (CERID), University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA.
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA.
- Washington National Primate Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA.
- Department of Laboratories, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA, 98105, USA.
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5
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Sreeja V, Jose A, Patel S, Menon B, Athira KV, Chakravarty S. Pharmacogenetics of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI): A serotonin reuptake transporter (SERT)-based approach. Neurochem Int 2024; 173:105672. [PMID: 38157886 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2023.105672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Neuropsychiatric disorders are considered to be the most common cause of disability worldwide. Serotonin and its transporter is a prominent paradigm in mood disorders. Response to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI) is altered due to heterogeneity in the serotonin transporter gene, SLC6A4 (solute carrier family 6 member 4). The reported polymorphisms are found to be in different regions of the transporter gene: promoter region (5-HTTLPR and various single nucleotide polymorphisms within it), intron (STin2), and exon 9 (I425V). The long and short alleles of the 5-HTTLPR gene, which are prevalent among variations, may mediate differential effects. In long allelic variant carriers, an increased response to SSRI and timely recovery is due to increased availability of SERT. Whereas, SERT availability is significantly decreased in short allelic carriers, necessitating a reduction in SSRI dosage due to the increased risk of adverse drug reactions. Thus, pharmacogenetic investigations are required to understand the impact of functional variations on the efficacy and tolerability of SSRI. Identifying the carrier variants may aid in clear-decision making of the treatment regimen, aiding the approach of personalized medication.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Sreeja
- Department of Pharmacology, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Sciences Campus, Kochi, 682 041, Kerala, India
| | - Anju Jose
- Department of Pharmacology, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Sciences Campus, Kochi, 682 041, Kerala, India
| | - Shashikant Patel
- Applied Biology Division, CSIR- Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Tarnaka, Uppal Road, Hyderabad, 500007, Telangana, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Bindu Menon
- Department of Psychiatry, Amrita School of Medicine, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Sciences Campus, Kochi, 682 041, Kerala, India
| | - K V Athira
- Department of Pharmacology, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Sciences Campus, Kochi, 682 041, Kerala, India.
| | - Sumana Chakravarty
- Applied Biology Division, CSIR- Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Tarnaka, Uppal Road, Hyderabad, 500007, Telangana, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India.
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6
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Sudarshana KA, Sarma MJ, Radhakrishnan M, Chakravarty S, Srihari P, Mehta G. A protocol for directly accessing geminal C-4 diarylated pyrazol-5(4 H)-ones via tandem C-H aryne insertion and their inceptive neurobiological evaluation. Org Biomol Chem 2024; 22:714-719. [PMID: 38165701 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob01932b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2024]
Abstract
Geminal C-4 diarylation of substituted pyrazol-5(4H)-ones with in situ generated arynes as the aryl source has been achieved in a one-flask operation. All the newly accessed C4-gem-diarylated pyrazolone entities were found to be non-cytotoxic with varying AChE enzyme inhibitory activities and BBB permeability attributes that augur well for further advancement towards CNS therapeutics for untreatable disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- K A Sudarshana
- Department of Organic Synthesis and Process Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad-500007, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Manas Jyoti Sarma
- Department of Organic Synthesis and Process Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad-500007, India.
- School of Chemistry, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad-500046, India.
| | - Mydhili Radhakrishnan
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
- Applied Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad-500007, India
| | - Sumana Chakravarty
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
- Applied Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad-500007, India
| | - Pabbaraja Srihari
- Department of Organic Synthesis and Process Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad-500007, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Goverdhan Mehta
- School of Chemistry, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad-500046, India.
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7
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Shears MJ, Reynolds RA, Duncombe CJ, Watson FN, Staubus WJ, Chavtur C, Seilie AM, Tran TM, Chakravarty S, Hoffman SL, Murphy SC. Plasmodium knowlesi in pig-tailed macaques: a potential new model for malaria vaccine research. Malar J 2023; 22:379. [PMID: 38093306 PMCID: PMC10720125 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-023-04788-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plasmodium knowlesi is an established experimental model for basic and pre-clinical malaria vaccine research. Historically, rhesus macaques have been the most common host for malaria vaccine studies with P. knowlesi parasites. However, rhesus are not natural hosts for P. knowlesi, and there is interest in identifying alternative hosts for vaccine research. The study team previously reported that pig-tailed macaques (PTM), a natural host for P. knowlesi, could be challenged with cryopreserved P. knowlesi sporozoites (PkSPZ), with time to blood stage infection equivalent to in rhesus. Here, additional exploratory studies were performed to evaluate PTM as potential hosts for malaria vaccine studies. The aim was to further characterize the parasitological and veterinary health outcomes after PkSPZ challenge in this macaque species. METHODS Malaria-naïve PTM were intravenously challenged with 2.5 × 103 PkSPZ and monitored for blood stage infection by Plasmodium 18S rRNA RT-PCR and thin blood smears. Disease signs were evaluated by daily observations, complete blood counts, serum chemistry tests, and veterinary examinations. After anti-malarial drug treatment, a subset of animals was re-challenged and monitored as above. Whole blood gene expression analysis was performed on selected animals to assess host response to infection. RESULTS In naïve animals, the kinetics of P. knowlesi blood stage replication was reproducible, with parasite burden rising linearly during an initial acute phase of infection from 6 to 11 days post-challenge, before plateauing and transitioning into a chronic low-grade infection. After re-challenge, infections were again reproducible, but with lower blood stage parasite densities. Clinical signs of disease were absent or mild and anti-malarial treatment was not needed until the pre-defined study day. Whole blood gene expression analysis identified immunological changes associated with acute and chronic phases of infection, and further differences between initial challenge versus re-challenge. CONCLUSIONS The ability to challenge PTM with PkSPZ and achieve reliable blood stage infections indicate this model has significant potential for malaria vaccine studies. Blood stage P. knowlesi infection in PTM is characterized by low parasite burdens and a benign disease course, in contrast with the virulent P. knowlesi disease course commonly reported in rhesus macaques. These findings identify new opportunities for malaria vaccine research using this natural host-parasite combination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie J Shears
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, 750 Republican Street, F870, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
- Center for Emerging and Re-Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Washington, 750 Republican Street, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
- Washington National Primate Research Center, University of Washington, 1959 NE Pacific Street, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Rebekah A Reynolds
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, 750 Republican Street, F870, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
- Center for Emerging and Re-Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Washington, 750 Republican Street, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Caroline J Duncombe
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, 750 Republican Street, F870, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
- Center for Emerging and Re-Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Washington, 750 Republican Street, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Felicia N Watson
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, 750 Republican Street, F870, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
- Center for Emerging and Re-Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Washington, 750 Republican Street, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Weston J Staubus
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, 750 Republican Street, F870, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
- Center for Emerging and Re-Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Washington, 750 Republican Street, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Chris Chavtur
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, 750 Republican Street, F870, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
- Center for Emerging and Re-Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Washington, 750 Republican Street, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Annette M Seilie
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, 750 Republican Street, F870, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
- Center for Emerging and Re-Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Washington, 750 Republican Street, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Tuan M Tran
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Sumana Chakravarty
- Sanaria, Inc., 9800 Medical Center Drive, Suite A209, Rockville, MD, 20850, USA
| | - Stephen L Hoffman
- Sanaria, Inc., 9800 Medical Center Drive, Suite A209, Rockville, MD, 20850, USA
| | - Sean C Murphy
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, 750 Republican Street, F870, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA.
- Center for Emerging and Re-Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Washington, 750 Republican Street, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA.
- Washington National Primate Research Center, University of Washington, 1959 NE Pacific Street, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA.
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, 750 Republican Street, F870, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA.
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8
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Raghavan A, Tripathy C, Radhakrishnan M, Chakravarty S, Ghosh S. Potential of Zinc Oxide-Graphene Quantum Dots and Zinc Oxide-Nitrogen-Doped Graphene Quantum Dot Nanocomposites as Neurotrophic Agents. ACS Appl Bio Mater 2023; 6:4208-4216. [PMID: 37728547 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.3c00413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
Over the past few decades, zinc oxide nanoparticles have also proven to be essential to a variety of scientific research sectors, including antimicrobial therapy, tissue engineering, bioimaging, biosensors, drug delivery, gene delivery, and bioimaging. There is an urgent need to establish and develop unique alternative treatment modalities to treat neurodegenerative disorders due to the shortcomings of the existing drugs. As a possible therapy for brain diseases and disorders, the ability of the nanoparticles to cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB) as well as their reduced toxicity, solubility, and biodegradability has lately attracted attention. Scientists are quietly turning their attention to develop green synthesis of nanoparticles as an alternative to the physical and chemical techniques of producing the same. Existing literature has emphasized the use of ZnO for the potential treatment of cerebral ischemia and its neuroprotective properties. This work discusses the potential of ZnO prepared using Gynura cusimba extract and its nanocomposites with graphene quantum dots (GQDs) and its nitrogen doped variant, N-GQDs as neurotrophic agents, in accordance with our previous report on the use of GQDs and N-GQDs as neurotrophic agents. Pristine ZnO nanoparticles as well as composites were duly characterized by using several techniques to confirm the formation of the nanocomposites. Biological evaluation using the neurite outgrowth assay following the cell viability assay revealed that incorporation of GQDs and N-GQDs enhanced the neurite length in comparison to that of pristine ZnO with the nanocomposites of N-GQDs showing comparatively better results, corroborated by the real-time PCR studies as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akshaya Raghavan
- Polymers & Functional Materials Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500007, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Chinmayee Tripathy
- Applied Biology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500007, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Mydhili Radhakrishnan
- Applied Biology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500007, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Sumana Chakravarty
- Applied Biology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500007, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Sutapa Ghosh
- Polymers & Functional Materials Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500007, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
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9
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Karale UB, Shinde A, Gaikwad VR, Kalari S, Gourishetti K, Radhakrishnan M, Poornachandra Y, Amanchy R, Chakravarty S, Andugulapati SB, Rode HB. Iron mediated reductive cyclization/oxidation for the generation of chemically diverse scaffolds: An approach in drug discovery. Bioorg Chem 2023; 139:106698. [PMID: 37418784 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2023.106698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 06/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023]
Abstract
Chemically diverse scaffolds represent a main source of biologically important starting points in drug discovery. Herein, we report the development of such diverse scaffolds from nitroarene/ nitro(hetero)arenes using a key synthetic strategy. In a pilot-scale study, the synthesis of 10 diverse scaffolds was achieved. The 1,7-phenanthroline, thiazolo[5,4-f]quinoline, 2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-g]quinoline, pyrrolo[3,2-f]quinoline, 1H-[1,4]oxazino[3,2-g]quinolin-2(3H)-one, [1,2,5]oxadiazolo[3,4-h]quinoline, 7H-pyrido[2,3-c]carbazole, 3H-pyrazolo[4,3-f]quinoline, pyrido[3,2-f]quinoxaline were obtained from nitro hetero arenes in ethanol using iron-acetic acid treatment followed by reaction under oxygen atmosphere. This diverse library is compliant with the rule of five for drug-likeness. The mapping of chemical space represented by these scaffolds revealed a significant contribution to the underrepresented chemical diversity. Crucial to the development of this approach was the mapping of biological space covered by these scaffolds which revealed neurotropic and prophylactic anti-inflammatory activities. In vitro, neuro-biological assays revealed that compounds 14a and 15a showed excellent neurotropic potential and neurite growth compared to controls. Further, anti-inflammatory assays (in vitro and in vivo models) exhibited that Compound 16 showed significant anti-inflammatory activity by attenuating the LPS-induced TNF-α and CD68 levels by modulating the NFkB pathway. In addition, treatment with compound 16 significantly ameliorated the LPS-induced sepsis conditions, and pathological abnormalities (in lung and liver tissues) and improved the survival of the rats compared to LPS control. Owing to their chemical diversity along with bioactivities, it is envisaged that new quality pre-clinical candidates will be generated in the above therapeutic areas using identified leads.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uttam B Karale
- Department of Natural Products and Medicinal Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Tarnaka, Hyderabad 500007, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201 002, India
| | - Akash Shinde
- Department of Natural Products and Medicinal Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Tarnaka, Hyderabad 500007, India
| | - Vikas R Gaikwad
- Department of Natural Products and Medicinal Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Tarnaka, Hyderabad 500007, India
| | - Saradhi Kalari
- Department of Natural Products and Medicinal Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Tarnaka, Hyderabad 500007, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201 002, India
| | - Karthik Gourishetti
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201 002, India; Department of Applied Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Tarnaka, Hyderabad 500 007, India
| | - Mydhili Radhakrishnan
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201 002, India; Department of Applied Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Tarnaka, Hyderabad 500 007, India
| | - Yedla Poornachandra
- Department of Applied Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Tarnaka, Hyderabad 500 007, India
| | - Ramars Amanchy
- Department of Applied Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Tarnaka, Hyderabad 500 007, India
| | - Sumana Chakravarty
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201 002, India; Department of Applied Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Tarnaka, Hyderabad 500 007, India
| | - Sai Balaji Andugulapati
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201 002, India; Department of Applied Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Tarnaka, Hyderabad 500 007, India
| | - Haridas B Rode
- Department of Natural Products and Medicinal Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Tarnaka, Hyderabad 500007, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201 002, India.
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10
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Basuthakur P, Roy A, Patra CR, Chakravarty S. Therapeutic potentials of terbium hydroxide nanorods for amelioration of hypoxia-reperfusion injury in cardiomyocytes. Biomater Adv 2023; 153:213531. [PMID: 37429046 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2023.213531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
Myocardial hypoxia reperfusion (H/R) injury is the paradoxical exacerbation of myocardial damage, caused by the sudden restoration of blood flow to hypoxia affected myocardium. It is a critical contributor of acute myocardial infarction, which can lead to cardiac failure. Despite the current pharmacological advancements, clinical translation of cardioprotective therapies have proven challenging. As a result, researchers are looking for alternative approaches to counter the disease. In this regard, nanotechnology, with its versatile applications in biology and medicine, can confer broad prospects for treatment of myocardial H/R injury. Herein, we attempted to explore whether a well-established pro-angiogenic nanoparticle, terbium hydroxide nanorods (THNR) can ameliorate myocardial H/R injury. For this study, in vitro H/R-injury model was established in rat cardiomyocytes (H9c2 cells). Our investigations demonstrated that THNR enhance cardiomyocyte survival against H/R-induced cell death. This pro-survival effect of THNR is associated with reduction of oxidative stress, lipid peroxidation, calcium overload, restoration of cytoskeletal integrity and mitochondrial membrane potential as well as augmentation of cellular anti-oxidant enzymes such as glutathione-s-transferase (GST) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) to counter H/R injury. Molecular analysis revealed that the above observations are traceable to the predominant activation of PI3K-AKT-mTOR and ERK-MEK signalling pathways by THNR. Concurrently, THNR also exhibit apoptosis inhibitory effects mainly by suppression of pro-apoptotic proteins like Cytochrome C, Caspase 3, Bax and p53 with simultaneous restoration of anti-apoptotic protein, Bcl-2 and Survivin. Thus, considering the above attributes, we firmly believe that THNR have the potential to be developed as an alternative approach for amelioration of H/R injury in cardiomyocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Papia Basuthakur
- Department of Applied Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Uppal Road, Tarnaka, Hyderabad 500007, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Arpita Roy
- Department of Applied Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Uppal Road, Tarnaka, Hyderabad 500007, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Chitta Ranjan Patra
- Department of Applied Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Uppal Road, Tarnaka, Hyderabad 500007, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India.
| | - Sumana Chakravarty
- Department of Applied Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Uppal Road, Tarnaka, Hyderabad 500007, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India.
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11
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Pérez-Martín M, Chakravarty S. Editorial: Women in neurogenesis. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1285728. [PMID: 37790592 PMCID: PMC10543259 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1285728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Margarita Pérez-Martín
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Genética y Fisiología, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina–IBIMA Plataforma Bionand, Málaga, Spain
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12
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Watson FN, Shears MJ, Kalata AC, Duncombe CJ, Seilie AM, Chavtur C, Conrad E, Talavera IC, Raappana A, Sather DN, Chakravarty S, Sim BKL, Hoffman SL, Tsuji M, Murphy SC. Ultra-low volume intradermal administration of radiation-attenuated sporozoites with the glycolipid adjuvant 7DW8-5 completely protects mice against malaria. Res Sq 2023:rs.3.rs-3243319. [PMID: 37609210 PMCID: PMC10441511 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3243319/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
Malaria is caused by Plasmodium parasites and was responsible for over 247 million infections and 619,000 deaths in 2021. Radiation-attenuated sporozoite (RAS) vaccines can completely prevent blood stage infection by inducing protective liver-resident memory CD8+ T cells. Such T cells can be induced by 'prime-and-trap' vaccination, which here combines DNA priming against the P. yoelii circumsporozoite protein (CSP) with a subsequent intravenous (IV) dose of liver-homing RAS to "trap" the activated and expanding T cells in the liver. Prime-and-trap confers durable protection in mice, and efforts are underway to translate this vaccine strategy to the clinic. However, it is unclear whether the RAS trapping dose must be strictly administered by the IV route. Here we show that intradermal (ID) RAS administration can be as effective as IV administration if RAS are co-administrated with the glycolipid adjuvant 7DW8-5 in an ultra-low inoculation volume. In mice, the co-administration of RAS and 7DW8-5 in ultra-low ID volumes (2.5 μL) was completely protective and dose sparing compared to standard volumes (10-50 μL) and induced protective levels of CSP-specific CD8+ T cells in the liver. Our finding that adjuvants and ultra-low volumes are required for ID RAS efficacy may explain why prior reports about higher volumes of unadjuvanted ID RAS proved less effective. The ID route may offer significant translational advantages over the IV route and could improve sporozoite vaccine development.
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Raghavan A, Radhakrishnan M, Soren K, Wadnerkar P, Kumar A, Chakravarty S, Ghosh S. Biological Evaluation of Graphene Quantum Dots and Nitrogen-Doped Graphene Quantum Dots as Neurotrophic Agents. ACS Appl Bio Mater 2023. [PMID: 37167607 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.3c00099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Over time, developments in nano-biomedical research have led to the creation of a number of systems to cure serious illnesses. Tandem use of nano-theragnostics such as diagnostic and therapeutic approaches tailored to the individual disease treatment is crucial for further development in the field of biomedical advancements. Graphene has garnered attention in the recent times as a potential nanomaterial for tissue engineering and regenerative medicines owing to its biocompatibility among the several other unique properties it possesses. The zero-dimensional graphene quantum dots (GQDs) and their nitrogen-doped variant, nitrogen-doped GQDs (N-GQDs), have good biocompatibility, and optical and physicochemical properties. GQDs have been extensively researched owing to several factors such as their size, surface charge, and interactions with other molecules found in biological media. This work briefly elucidates the potential of electroactive GQDs as well as N-GQDs as neurotrophic agents. In vitro investigations employing the N2A cell line were used to evaluate the effectiveness of GQDs and N-GQDs as neurotrophic agents, wherein basic investigations such as SRB assay and neurite outgrowth assay were performed. The results inferred from immunohistochemistry followed by confocal imaging studies as well as quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) studies corroborated those obtained from neurite outgrowth assay. We have also conducted a preliminary investigation of the pattern of gene expression for neurotrophic and gliotrophic growth factors using ex vivo neuronal and mixed glial cultures taken from the brains of postnatal day 2 mice pups. Overall, the studies indicated that GQDs and N-GQDs hold prospect as a framework for further development of neuroactive compounds for relevant central nervous system (CNS) purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akshaya Raghavan
- Polymers & Functional Materials Division, CSIR─Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500007, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Mydhili Radhakrishnan
- Applied Biology Division, CSIR─Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500007, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Kalyani Soren
- Applied Biology Division, CSIR─Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500007, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | | | - Arvind Kumar
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
- CSIR─Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad 500007, India
| | - Sumana Chakravarty
- Applied Biology Division, CSIR─Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500007, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Sutapa Ghosh
- Polymers & Functional Materials Division, CSIR─Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500007, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
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14
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Bhat UA, Kumar SA, Chakravarty S, Patel AB, Kumar A. Differential Effects of Chronic Ethanol Use on Mouse Neuronal and Astroglial Metabolic Activity. Neurochem Res 2023:10.1007/s11064-023-03922-y. [PMID: 37069415 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-023-03922-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2023]
Abstract
Chronic alcohol use disorder, a major risk factor for the development of neuropsychiatric disorders including addiction to other substances, is associated with several neuropathology including perturbed neuronal and glial activities in the brain. It affects carbon metabolism in specific brain regions, and perturbs neuro-metabolite homeostasis in neuronal and glial cells. Alcohol induced changes in the brain neurochemical profile accompany the negative emotional state associated with dysregulated reward and sensitized stress response to withdrawal. However, the underlying alterations in neuro-astroglial activities and neurochemical dysregulations in brain regions after chronic alcohol use are poorly understood. This study evaluates the impact of chronic ethanol use on the regional neuro-astroglial metabolic activity using 1H-[13C]-NMR spectroscopy in conjunction with infusion of [1,6-13C2]glucose and sodium [2-13C]acetate, respectively, after 48 h of abstinence. Besides establishing detailed 13C labeling of neuro-metabolites in a brain region-specific manner, our results show chronic ethanol induced-cognitive deficits along with a reduction in total glucose oxidation rates in the hippocampus and striatum. Furthermore, using [2-13C]acetate infusion, we showed an alcohol-induced increase in astroglial metabolic activity in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex. Interestingly, increased astroglia activity in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex was associated with a differential expression of monocarboxylic acid transporters that are regulating acetate uptake and metabolism in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Unis Ahmad Bhat
- Epigenetics and Neuropsychiatric Disorders Laboratory, CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology (CCMB), Uppal Road, Habsiguda, Hyderabad, Telangana State (TS), 500007, India
| | - Sreemantula Arun Kumar
- Applied Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Sumana Chakravarty
- Applied Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Anant Bahadur Patel
- Epigenetics and Neuropsychiatric Disorders Laboratory, CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology (CCMB), Uppal Road, Habsiguda, Hyderabad, Telangana State (TS), 500007, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India.
- NMR Microimaging and Spectroscopy, CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology (CCMB), Uppal Road, Habsiguda, Hyderabad, Telangana State (TS), 500007, India.
| | - Arvind Kumar
- Epigenetics and Neuropsychiatric Disorders Laboratory, CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology (CCMB), Uppal Road, Habsiguda, Hyderabad, Telangana State (TS), 500007, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India.
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15
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Karanam SR, Srinivas Y, Chakravarty S. A statistical model approach based on the Gaussian Mixture Model for the diagnosis and classification of bone fractures. International Journal of Healthcare Management 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/20479700.2022.2161146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Y. Srinivas
- Department of IT, GITAM University, Visakhapatnam, India
| | - S. Chakravarty
- Centurion University of Technology and Management, Odisha, India
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16
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Richie TL, Church LWP, Murshedkar T, Billingsley PF, James ER, Chen MC, Abebe Y, KC N, Chakravarty S, Dolberg D, Healy SA, Diawara H, Sissoko MS, Sagara I, Cook DM, Epstein JE, Mordmüller B, Kapulu M, Kreidenweiss A, Franke-Fayard B, Agnandji ST, López Mikue MSA, McCall MBB, Steinhardt L, Oneko M, Olotu A, Vaughan AM, Kublin JG, Murphy SC, Jongo S, Tanner M, Sirima SB, Laurens MB, Daubenberger C, Silva JC, Lyke KE, Janse CJ, Roestenberg M, Sauerwein RW, Abdulla S, Dicko A, Kappe SHI, Lee Sim BK, Duffy PE, Kremsner PG, Hoffman SL. Sporozoite immunization: innovative translational science to support the fight against malaria. Expert Rev Vaccines 2023; 22:964-1007. [PMID: 37571809 PMCID: PMC10949369 DOI: 10.1080/14760584.2023.2245890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Malaria, a devastating febrile illness caused by protozoan parasites, sickened 247,000,000 people in 2021 and killed 619,000, mostly children and pregnant women in sub-Saharan Africa. A highly effective vaccine is urgently needed, especially for Plasmodium falciparum (Pf), the deadliest human malaria parasite. AREAS COVERED Sporozoites (SPZ), the parasite stage transmitted by Anopheles mosquitoes to humans, are the only vaccine immunogen achieving >90% efficacy against Pf infection. This review describes >30 clinical trials of PfSPZ vaccines in the U.S.A., Europe, Africa, and Asia, based on first-hand knowledge of the trials and PubMed searches of 'sporozoites,' 'malaria,' and 'vaccines.' EXPERT OPINION First generation (radiation-attenuated) PfSPZ vaccines are safe, well tolerated, 80-100% efficacious against homologous controlled human malaria infection (CHMI) and provide 18-19 months protection without boosting in Africa. Second generation chemo-attenuated PfSPZ are more potent, 100% efficacious against stringent heterologous (variant strain) CHMI, but require a co-administered drug, raising safety concerns. Third generation, late liver stage-arresting, replication competent (LARC), genetically-attenuated PfSPZ are expected to be both safe and highly efficacious. Overall, PfSPZ vaccines meet safety, tolerability, and efficacy requirements for protecting pregnant women and travelers exposed to Pf in Africa, with licensure for these populations possible within 5 years. Protecting children and mass vaccination programs to block transmission and eliminate malaria are long-term objectives.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Sara A. Healy
- Laboratory of Malaria Immunology and Vaccinology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Halimatou Diawara
- Malaria Research and Training Center, Mali-NIAID ICER, University of Science, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako, Bamako, Mali
| | - Mahamadou S. Sissoko
- Malaria Research and Training Center, Mali-NIAID ICER, University of Science, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako, Bamako, Mali
| | - Issaka Sagara
- Malaria Research and Training Center, Mali-NIAID ICER, University of Science, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako, Bamako, Mali
| | - David M. Cook
- Laboratory of Malaria Immunology and Vaccinology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Judith E. Epstein
- Laboratory of Malaria Immunology and Vaccinology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Benjamin Mordmüller
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Institut für Tropenmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Melissa Kapulu
- Biosciences Department, Kenya Medical Research Institute KEMRI-Wellcome Research Programme, Kilifi, Kenya
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Andrea Kreidenweiss
- Institut für Tropenmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | | | - Selidji T. Agnandji
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné, Lambaréné, Gabon
| | | | - Matthew B. B. McCall
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Institut für Tropenmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné, Lambaréné, Gabon
| | - Laura Steinhardt
- Malaria Branch, Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Center for Global Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Martina Oneko
- Kenya Medical Research Institute, Centre for Global Health Research, Kisumu, Kenya
| | - Ally Olotu
- Bagamoyo Research and Training Center, Ifakara Health Institute, Bagamoyo, Tanzania
| | - Ashley M. Vaughan
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - James G. Kublin
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Sean C. Murphy
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Center for Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases and Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Said Jongo
- Bagamoyo Research and Training Center, Ifakara Health Institute, Bagamoyo, Tanzania
| | - Marcel Tanner
- Medical Parasitology and Infection Biology, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Matthew B. Laurens
- Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Claudia Daubenberger
- Medical Parasitology and Infection Biology, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Joana C. Silva
- Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kirsten E. Lyke
- Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Chris J. Janse
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Meta Roestenberg
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Robert W. Sauerwein
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Salim Abdulla
- Bagamoyo Research and Training Center, Ifakara Health Institute, Bagamoyo, Tanzania
| | - Alassane Dicko
- Malaria Research and Training Center, Mali-NIAID ICER, University of Science, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako, Bamako, Mali
| | - Stefan H. I. Kappe
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Patrick E. Duffy
- Laboratory of Malaria Immunology and Vaccinology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Peter G. Kremsner
- Institut für Tropenmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné, Lambaréné, Gabon
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17
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Watson FN, Duncombe CJ, Kalata AC, Conrad E, Chakravarty S, Sim BKL, Hoffman SL, Tsuji M, Shears MJ, Murphy SC. Sex-Specific Differences in Cytokine Induction by the Glycolipid Adjuvant 7DW8-5 in Mice. Biomolecules 2022; 13:biom13010008. [PMID: 36671393 PMCID: PMC9855660 DOI: 10.3390/biom13010008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
7DW8-5 is a potent glycolipid adjuvant that improves malaria vaccine efficacy in mice by inducing IFN-γ and increasing protective CD8+ T cell responses. The addition of 7DW8-5 was previously shown to improve the efficacy of a CD8+ T cell-mediated heterologous 'prime-and-trap' malaria vaccine against Plasmodium yoelii sporozoite challenge in inbred female mice. Here, we report significant differential sex-specific responses to 7DW8-5 in inbred and outbred mice. Male mice express significantly less IFN-γ and IL-4 compared to females following intravenous 7DW8-5 administration. Additionally, unlike in female mice, 7DW8-5 did not improve the vaccine efficacy against sporozoite challenge in prime-and-trap vaccinated male mice. Our findings highlight the importance of including both female and male sexes in experimental adjuvant studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felicia N. Watson
- Graduate Program in Pathobiology, Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
- Center for Emerging and Re-Emerging Infectious Diseases (CERID), University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Caroline J. Duncombe
- Graduate Program in Pathobiology, Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
- Center for Emerging and Re-Emerging Infectious Diseases (CERID), University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Anya C. Kalata
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
- Center for Emerging and Re-Emerging Infectious Diseases (CERID), University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Ethan Conrad
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
- Center for Emerging and Re-Emerging Infectious Diseases (CERID), University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Sumana Chakravarty
- Sanaria Inc., 9800 Medical Center Drive, Suite A209, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - B. Kim Lee Sim
- Sanaria Inc., 9800 Medical Center Drive, Suite A209, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Stephen L. Hoffman
- Sanaria Inc., 9800 Medical Center Drive, Suite A209, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Moriya Tsuji
- Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Melanie J. Shears
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
- Center for Emerging and Re-Emerging Infectious Diseases (CERID), University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Sean C. Murphy
- Graduate Program in Pathobiology, Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
- Center for Emerging and Re-Emerging Infectious Diseases (CERID), University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
- Washington National Primate Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
- Department of Laboratories, Seattle Children’s Hospital, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
- Correspondence:
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18
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KC N, Church LWP, Riyahi P, Chakravarty S, Seder RA, Epstein JE, Lyke KE, Mordmüller B, Kremsner PG, Sissoko MS, Healy S, Duffy PE, Jongo SA, Nchama VUNN, Abdulla S, Mpina M, Sirima SB, Laurens MB, Steinhardt LC, Oneko M, Li M, Murshedkar T, Billingsley PF, Sim BKL, Richie TL, Hoffman SL. Increased levels of anti-PfCSP antibodies in post-pubertal females versus males immunized with PfSPZ Vaccine does not translate into increased protective efficacy. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1006716. [PMID: 36389797 PMCID: PMC9641621 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1006716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background While prior research has shown differences in the risk of malaria infection and sickness between males and females, little is known about sex differences in vaccine-induced immunity to malaria. Identifying such differences could elucidate important aspects of malaria biology and facilitate development of improved approaches to malaria vaccination. Methods Using a standardized enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, IgG antibodies to the major surface protein on Plasmodium falciparum (Pf) sporozoites (SPZ), the Pf circumsporozoite protein (PfCSP), were measured before and two weeks after administration of a PfSPZ-based malaria vaccine (PfSPZ Vaccine) to 5-month to 61-year-olds in 11 clinical trials in Germany, the US and five countries in Africa, to determine if there were differences in vaccine elicited antibody response between males and females and if these differences were associated with differential protection against naturally transmitted Pf malaria (Africa) or controlled human malaria infection (Germany, the US and Africa). Results Females ≥ 11 years of age made significantly higher levels of antibodies to PfCSP than did males in most trials, while there was no indication of such differences in infants or children. Although adult females had higher levels of antibodies, there was no evidence of improved protection compared to males. In 2 of the 7 trials with sufficient data, protected males had significantly higher levels of antibodies than unprotected males, and in 3 other trials protected females had higher levels of antibodies than did unprotected females. Conclusion Immunization with PfSPZ Vaccine induced higher levels of antibodies in post-pubertal females but showed equivalent protection in males and females. We conclude that the increased antibody levels in post-pubertal females did not contribute substantially to improved protection. We hypothesize that while antibodies to PfCSP (and PfSPZ) may potentially contribute directly to protection, they primarily correlate with other, potentially protective immune mechanisms, such as antibody dependent and antibody independent cellular responses in the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasha KC
- Sanaria Inc., Rockville, MD, United States
| | | | | | | | - Robert A. Seder
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Heath, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Judith E. Epstein
- Naval Medical Research Center (NMRC), Silver Spring, MD, United States
| | - Kirsten E. Lyke
- Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Benjamin Mordmüller
- Institut für Tropenmedizin, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen and German Center for Infection Research, Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Peter G. Kremsner
- Institut für Tropenmedizin, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen and German Center for Infection Research, Tübingen, Germany
- Centre de Recherches Medicales de Lambaréné, Lambaréné, Gabon
| | - Mahamadou S. Sissoko
- Malaria Research and Training Center (MRTC), Mali National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases International Centers for Excellence in Research, University of Science, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako, Bamako, Mali
| | - Sara Healy
- Laboratory of Malaria Immunology and Parasitology, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health (LMIV/NIAID/NIH), Rockville, MD, United States
| | - Patrick E. Duffy
- Laboratory of Malaria Immunology and Parasitology, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health (LMIV/NIAID/NIH), Rockville, MD, United States
| | - Said A. Jongo
- Bagamoyo Research and Training Centre, Ifakara Health Institute, Bagamoyo, Tanzania
| | | | - Salim Abdulla
- Bagamoyo Research and Training Centre, Ifakara Health Institute, Bagamoyo, Tanzania
| | - Maxmillian Mpina
- Bagamoyo Research and Training Centre, Ifakara Health Institute, Bagamoyo, Tanzania
- Swiss Tropical Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sodiomon B. Sirima
- Groupe de Recherche Action en Santé, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
- Centre National de Recherche et de Formation sur le Paludisme, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Matthew B. Laurens
- Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Laura C. Steinhardt
- Malaria Branch, Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Center for Global Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Martina Oneko
- Kenya Medical Research Institute, Centre for Global Health Research, Kisumu, Kenya
| | - MingLin Li
- Sanaria Inc., Rockville, MD, United States
| | | | | | | | | | - Stephen L. Hoffman
- Sanaria Inc., Rockville, MD, United States
- *Correspondence: Stephen L. Hoffman,
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19
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Chakravarty S, Shears MJ, James ER, Rai U, Kc N, Conteh S, Lambert LE, Duffy PE, Murphy SC, Hoffman SL. Efficient infection of non-human primates with purified, cryopreserved Plasmodium knowlesi sporozoites. Malar J 2022; 21:247. [PMID: 36030292 PMCID: PMC9418655 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-022-04261-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Plasmodium falciparum (Pf) sporozoite (SPZ) vaccines are the only candidate malaria vaccines that induce > 90% vaccine efficacy (VE) against controlled human malaria infection and the only malaria vaccines to have achieved reproducible VE against malaria in adults in Africa. The goal is to increase the impact and reduce the cost of PfSPZ vaccines by optimizing vaccine potency and manufacturing, which will benefit from identification of immunological responses contributing to protection in humans. Currently, there is no authentic animal challenge model for assessing P. falciparum malaria VE. Alternatively, Plasmodium knowlesi (Pk), which infects humans and non-human primates (NHPs) in nature, can be used to experimentally infect rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) to assess VE. Methods Sanaria has, therefore, produced purified, vialed, cryopreserved PkSPZ and conducted challenge studies in several naïve NHP cohorts. In the first cohort, groups of three rhesus macaques each received doses of 5 × 102, 2.5 × 103, 1.25 × 104 and 2.5 × 104 PkSPZ administered by direct venous inoculation. The infectivity of 1.5 × 103 PkSPZ cryopreserved with an altered method and of 1.5 × 103 PkSPZ cryopreserved for four years was tested in a second and third cohort of rhesus NHPs. The lastly, three pig-tailed macaques (Macaca nemestrina), a natural P. knowlesi host, were challenged with 2.5 × 103 PkSPZ cryopreserved six years earlier. Results In the first cohort, all 12 animals developed P. knowlesi parasitaemia by thick blood smear, and the time to positivity (prepatent period) followed a non-linear 4-parameter logistic sigmoidal model with a median of 11, 10, 8, and 7 days, respectively (r2 = 1). PkSPZ cryopreserved using a modified rapid-scalable method infected rhesus with a pre-patent period of 10 days, as did PkSPZ cryopreserved four years prior to infection, similar to the control group. Cryopreserved PkSPZ infected pig-tailed macaques with median time to positivity by thin smear, of 11 days. Conclusion This study establishes the capacity to consistently infect NHPs with purified, vialed, cryopreserved PkSPZ, providing a foundation for future studies to probe protective immunological mechanisms elicited by PfSPZ vaccines that cannot be established in humans. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12936-022-04261-z.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumana Chakravarty
- Sanaria, Inc, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Suite A209, Rockville, MD, 20850, USA
| | - Melanie J Shears
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.,Washington National Primate Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Eric R James
- Sanaria, Inc, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Suite A209, Rockville, MD, 20850, USA
| | - Urvashi Rai
- Sanaria, Inc, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Suite A209, Rockville, MD, 20850, USA
| | - Natasha Kc
- Sanaria, Inc, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Suite A209, Rockville, MD, 20850, USA
| | - Solomon Conteh
- Laboratory of Malaria Immunology and Vaccinology, NIAID/NIH, Bethesda, USA
| | - Lynn E Lambert
- Laboratory of Malaria Immunology and Vaccinology, NIAID/NIH, Bethesda, USA
| | - Patrick E Duffy
- Laboratory of Malaria Immunology and Vaccinology, NIAID/NIH, Bethesda, USA
| | - Sean C Murphy
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.,Washington National Primate Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.,Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Stephen L Hoffman
- Sanaria, Inc, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Suite A209, Rockville, MD, 20850, USA.
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20
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Karanam SR, Srinivas Y, Chakravarty S. A systematic approach to diagnosis and categorization of bone fractures in X-Ray imagery. International Journal of Healthcare Management 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/20479700.2022.2097765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Y. Srinivas
- Information Technology, GITAM University, Visakhapatnam, India
| | - S. Chakravarty
- Information Technology, GITAM University, Visakhapatnam, India
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21
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Wahl I, Obraztsova AS, Puchan J, Hundsdorfer R, Chakravarty S, Sim BKL, Hoffman SL, Kremsner PG, Mordmüller B, Wardemann H. Clonal evolution and TCR specificity of the human T FH cell response to Plasmodium falciparum CSP. Sci Immunol 2022; 7:eabm9644. [PMID: 35687696 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.abm9644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
T follicular helper (TFH) cells play a crucial role in the development of long-lived, high-quality B cell responses after infection and vaccination. However, little is known about how antigen-specific TFH cells clonally evolve in response to complex pathogens and what guides the targeting of different epitopes. Here, we assessed the cell phenotype, clonal dynamics, and T cell receptor (TCR) specificity of human circulating TFH (cTFH) cells during successive malaria immunizations with radiation-attenuated Plasmodium falciparum (Pf) sporozoites. Repeated parasite exposures induced a dynamic, polyclonal cTFH response with high frequency of cells specific to a small number of epitopes in Pf circumsporozoite protein (PfCSP), the primary sporozoite surface protein and well-defined vaccine target. Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) restrictions and differences in TCR generation probability were associated with differences in the epitope targeting frequency and indicated the potential of amino acids 311 to 333 in the Th2R/T* region as a T cell supertope. But most of vaccine-induced anti-amino acid 311 to 333 TCRs, including convergent TCRs with high sequence similarity, failed to tolerate natural polymorphisms in their target peptide sequence, thus demonstrating that the TFH cell response was limited to the vaccine strain. These data suggest that the high parasite diversity in endemic areas will limit boosting of the vaccine-induced TFH cell response by natural infections. Our findings may guide the further design of PfCSP-based malaria vaccines able to induce potent T helper cell responses for broad, long-lasting antibody responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilka Wahl
- Division of B Cell Immunology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany.,Biosciences Faculty, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anna S Obraztsova
- Division of B Cell Immunology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany.,Biosciences Faculty, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Julia Puchan
- Division of B Cell Immunology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Rebecca Hundsdorfer
- Division of B Cell Immunology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Peter G Kremsner
- Institute of Tropical Medicine and German Center for Infection Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné, Lambaréné, Gabon
| | - Benjamin Mordmüller
- Institute of Tropical Medicine and German Center for Infection Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Department of Medical Microbiology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Hedda Wardemann
- Division of B Cell Immunology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
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22
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James ER, Matheny S, Overby J, Sim BKL, Eappen AG, Li T, Li ML, Richie TL, Chakravarty S, Gunasekera A, Murshedkar T, Billingsley PF, Hoffman SL. A First for Human Vaccinology: GMP Compliant Radiation Attenuation of Plasmodium falciparum Sporozoites for Production of a Vaccine Against Malaria. Front Immunol 2022; 13:851028. [PMID: 35242146 PMCID: PMC8886114 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.851028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Ionizing radiation (UV, X-ray and ɣ) administered at an appropriate dose to pathogenic organisms can prevent replication while preserving metabolic activity. We have established the GMP process for attenuation by ionizing radiation of the Plasmodium falciparum (Pf) sporozoites (SPZ) in Sanaria® PfSPZ Vaccine, a protective vaccine against malaria. Mosquitoes raised and infected aseptically with Pf were transferred into infected mosquito transport containers (IMTC) and ɣ-irradiated using a 60Co source. PfSPZ were then extracted, purified, vialed, and cryopreserved. To establish the appropriate radiation conditions, the irradiation field inside the IMTCs was mapped using radiochromic film and alanine transfer dosimeters. Dosimeters were irradiated for times calculated to provide 120-170 Gy at the minimum dose location inside the IMTC and regression analysis was used to determine the time required to achieve a lower 95% confidence interval for 150 Gy. A formula incorporating the half-life of 60Co was then used to construct tables of irradiation times for each calendar day. From the mapping studies, formulae were derived to estimate the minimum and maximum doses of irradiation received inside the IMTC from a reference dosimeter mounted on the outside wall. For PfSPZ Vaccine manufacture a dose of 150 Gy was targeted for each irradiation event, a dose known to completely attenuate PfSPZ. The reference dosimeters were processed by the National Institute of Standards and Technology. There have been 587 irradiation events to produce PfSPZ Vaccine during 13 years which generated multiple lots released for pre-clinical studies and clinical trials. The estimated doses at the minimum dose location (mean 154.3 ± 1.77 Gy; range 150.0-159.3 Gy), and maximum dose location (mean 166.3 ± 3.65 Gy, range 155.7 to 175.3 Gy), in IMTCs were normally distributed. Overall dose uniformity was 1.078 ± 0.012. There was no siginifcant change in measured dose over 13 years. As of January 2022, 21 clinical trials of PfSPZ Vaccine have been conducted, with 1,740 volunteers aged 5 months to 61 years receiving 5,648 doses of PfSPZ Vaccine totalling >5.3 billion PfSPZ administered. There have been no breakthrough infections, confirming the consistency and robustness of the radiation attenuation process.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Tao Li
- Sanaria Inc., Rockville, MD, United States
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23
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Watson FN, Shears MJ, Matsubara J, Kalata AC, Seilie AM, Cruz Talavera I, Olsen TM, Tsuji M, Chakravarty S, Sim BKL, Hoffman SL, Murphy SC. Cryopreserved Sporozoites with and without the Glycolipid Adjuvant 7DW8-5 Protect in Prime-and-Trap Malaria Vaccination. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2022; 106:1227-1236. [PMID: 35226868 PMCID: PMC8991348 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.21-1084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Repeated intravenous (IV) administration of radiation-attenuated sporozoite (RAS) vaccines induces Plasmodium-specific CD8+ liver-resident memory T (Trm) cells in mice and achieves sterile protection against challenge. Our heterologous "prime-and-trap" vaccine strategy was previously shown to simplify and improve upon RAS vaccination. Prime-and-trap vaccination combines epidermal priming by DNA-encoded circumsporozoite protein (CSP) antigen followed by a single IV dose of freshly dissected RAS (fresh-RAS) to direct and trap activated and expanding CD8+ T cells in the liver. Prime-and-trap vaccination protects mice against wild-type sporozoite (spz) challenge. Assessment of prime-and-trap vaccines in nonhuman primate (NHP) models and/or humans would be greatly enabled if fresh-RAS could be replaced by cryopreserved RAS (cryo-RAS). Here, we investigated if fresh-RAS could be replaced with cryo-RAS for prime-and-trap vaccination in BALB/cj mice. Despite a reduction in spz vaccine liver burden following cryo-RAS administration compared with fresh-RAS, cryo-RAS induced a similar level of Plasmodium yoelii (Py) CSP-specific CD8+ liver Trm cells and completely protected mice against Py spz challenge 112 days after vaccination. Additionally, when the glycolipid adjuvant 7DW8-5 was co-administered with cryo-RAS, 7DW8-5 permitted the dose of cryo-RAS to be reduced four-fold while still achieving high rates of sterile protection. In summary, cryo-RAS with and without 7DW8-5 were compatible with prime-and-trap malaria vaccination in a mouse model, which may accelerate the pathway for this vaccine strategy to move to NHPs and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felicia N. Watson
- Graduate Program in Pathobiology, Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
- Center for Emerging and Re-Emerging Infectious Diseases (CERID), University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Melanie J. Shears
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
- Center for Emerging and Re-Emerging Infectious Diseases (CERID), University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Jokichi Matsubara
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
- Center for Emerging and Re-Emerging Infectious Diseases (CERID), University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Anya C. Kalata
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
- Center for Emerging and Re-Emerging Infectious Diseases (CERID), University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Annette M. Seilie
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
- Center for Emerging and Re-Emerging Infectious Diseases (CERID), University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Irene Cruz Talavera
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
- Center for Emerging and Re-Emerging Infectious Diseases (CERID), University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Tayla M. Olsen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
- Center for Emerging and Re-Emerging Infectious Diseases (CERID), University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Moriya Tsuji
- Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
| | | | | | | | - Sean C. Murphy
- Graduate Program in Pathobiology, Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
- Center for Emerging and Re-Emerging Infectious Diseases (CERID), University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
- Washington National Primate Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
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24
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Das T, Kamle A, Kumar A, Chakravarty S. Hypoxia Induced Sex-Difference in Zebrafish Brain Proteome Profile Reveals the Crucial Role of H3K9me3 in Recovery From Acute Hypoxia. Front Genet 2022; 12:635904. [PMID: 35173759 PMCID: PMC8841817 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.635904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the molecular basis of sex differences in neural response to acute hypoxic insult has profound implications for the effective prevention and treatment of ischemic stroke. Global hypoxic-ischemic induced neural damage has been studied recently under well-controlled, non-invasive, reproducible conditions using a zebrafish model. Our earlier report on sex difference in global acute hypoxia-induced neural damage and recovery in zebrafish prompted us to conduct a comprehensive study on the mechanisms underlying the recovery. An omics approach for studying quantitative changes in brain proteome upon hypoxia insult following recovery was undertaken using iTRAQ-based LC-MS/MS approach. The results shed light on the altered expression of many regulatory proteins in the zebrafish brain upon acute hypoxia following recovery. The sex difference in differentially expressed proteins along with the proteins expressed in a uniform direction in both the sexes was studied. Core expression analysis by Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) showed a distinct sex difference in the disease function heatmap. Most of the upstream regulators obtained through IPA were validated at the transcriptional level. Translational upregulation of H3K9me3 in males led us to elucidate the mechanism of recovery by confirming transcriptional targets through ChIP-qPCR. The upregulation of H3K9me3 level in males at 4 h post-hypoxia appears to affect the early neurogenic markers nestin, klf4, and sox2, which might explain the late recovery in males, compared to females. Acute hypoxia-induced sex-specific comparison of brain proteome led us to reveal many differentially expressed proteins, which can be further studied for the development of novel targets for better therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tapatee Das
- Applied Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (IICT), Hyderabad, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Avijeet Kamle
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology (CCMB), Hyderabad, India
| | - Arvind Kumar
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology (CCMB), Hyderabad, India
| | - Sumana Chakravarty
- Applied Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (IICT), Hyderabad, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
- *Correspondence: Sumana Chakravarty,
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25
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Poole J, Hartley-Tassell LE, Day CJ, Stanisic DI, Groves PL, Chakravarty S, Lee Sim BK, Hoffman SL, Tiralongo J, Bovin N, Doolan DL, Jennings MP. Identification of the Glycan Binding Profile of Human and Rodent Plasmodium Sporozoites. ACS Infect Dis 2021; 7:2383-2389. [PMID: 34170120 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.1c00084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The transmission of Plasmodium spp. sporozoites to the mammalian host is the first step in the initiation of the mosquito-borne disease known as malaria. The exact route of transmission from the bloodstream to the liver is still not clearly elucidated, and identification of the host glycan structures bound by the sporozoites may inform as to which host cells are involved. Here, we provide a comprehensive analysis of the glycan structures that sporozoites from the human pathogen, P. falciparum, and the rodent pathogen, P. yoelii, recognize and bind. Glycan array analysis was used to profile the glycans bound by the sporozoites, and the binding affinities of these sporozoite-glycan interactions were then determined by surface plasmon resonance. Data showed that the different Plasmodium spp. bind different classes of glycans. P. falciparum was observed to bind to glycans with terminal N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc) or Galactose (Gal) linked to a GalNAc, and the highest-affinity observed was with the GalNAc monosaccharide (12.5 nM). P. yoelii bound glycosaminoglycans, mannosyl glycans, Gal linked to N-acetylglucosamine structures, and the αGal epitope. The highest-affinity interaction for P. yoelii was with the αGal epitope (31.4 nM). This is the first study to identify the key host glycan structures recognized by human and rodent Plasmodium spp. sporozoites. An understanding of how Plasmodium sporozoites interact with the specific glycan structures identified here may provide further insight into this infectious disease that could help direct the design of an effective therapeutic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Poole
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Southport 4222, Queensland Australia
| | | | - Christopher J. Day
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Southport 4222, Queensland Australia
| | - Danielle I. Stanisic
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Southport 4222, Queensland Australia
| | - Penny L. Groves
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston 4029, Queensland Australia
| | | | - B. Kim Lee Sim
- Sanaria Inc, Rockville, Maryland 20852, United States of America
| | | | - Joe Tiralongo
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Southport 4222, Queensland Australia
| | - Nicolai Bovin
- Shemyakin Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117997, Russia
| | - Denise L. Doolan
- Centre for Molecular Therapeutics, Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns 4878, Queensland Australia
| | - Michael P. Jennings
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Southport 4222, Queensland Australia
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Billingsley PF, George KI, Eappen AG, Harrell RA, Alford R, Li T, Chakravarty S, Sim BKL, Hoffman SL, O'Brochta DA. Transient knockdown of Anopheles stephensi LRIM1 using RNAi increases Plasmodium falciparum sporozoite salivary gland infections. Malar J 2021; 20:284. [PMID: 34174879 PMCID: PMC8235909 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-021-03818-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plasmodium falciparum (Pf) sporozoites (PfSPZ) can be administered as a highly protective vaccine conferring the highest protection seen to date. Sanaria® PfSPZ vaccines are produced using aseptically reared Anopheles stephensi mosquitoes. The bionomics of sporogonic development of P. falciparum in A. stephensi to fully mature salivary gland PfSPZ is thought to be modulated by several components of the mosquito innate immune system. In order to increase salivary gland PfSPZ infections in A. stephensi and thereby increase vaccine production efficiency, a gene knock down approach was used to investigate the activity of the immune deficiency (IMD) signaling pathway downstream effector leucine-rich repeat immune molecule 1 (LRIM1), an antagonist to Plasmodium development. METHODS Expression of LRIM1 in A. stephensi was reduced following injection of double stranded (ds) RNA into mosquitoes. By combining the Gal4/UAS bipartite system with in vivo expression of short hairpin (sh) RNA coding for LRIM1 reduced expression of LRIM1 was targeted in the midgut, fat body, and salivary glands. RT-qPCR was used to demonstrate fold-changes in gene expression in three transgenic crosses and the effects on P. falciparum infections determined in mosquitoes showing the greatest reduction in LRIM1 expression. RESULTS LRIM1 expression could be reduced, but not completely silenced, by expression of LRIM1 dsRNA. Infections of P. falciparum oocysts and PfSPZ were consistently and significantly higher in transgenic mosquitoes than wild type controls, with increases in PfSPZ ranging from 2.5- to tenfold. CONCLUSIONS Plasmodium falciparum infections in A. stephensi can be increased following reduced expression of LRIM1. These data provide the springboard for more precise knockout of LRIM1 for the eventual incorporation of immune-compromised A. stephensi into manufacturing of Sanaria's PfSPZ products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter F Billingsley
- Sanaria Inc, Suite A209, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD, 20850, USA.
| | - Kasim I George
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research and Department of Entomology, University of Maryland, Gudelsky Drive, Rockville, MD, 20850, USA
- Qiagen Inc, 19300 Germantown Road, Germantown, MD, 20874, USA
| | - Abraham G Eappen
- Sanaria Inc, Suite A209, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD, 20850, USA
| | - Robert A Harrell
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research and Department of Entomology, University of Maryland, Gudelsky Drive, Rockville, MD, 20850, USA
- Insect Transformation Facility, Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland, 9600 Gudelsky Drive, Rockville, MD, 20850, USA
| | - Robert Alford
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research and Department of Entomology, University of Maryland, Gudelsky Drive, Rockville, MD, 20850, USA
- Insect Transformation Facility, Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland, 9600 Gudelsky Drive, Rockville, MD, 20850, USA
| | - Tao Li
- Sanaria Inc, Suite A209, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD, 20850, USA
| | - Sumana Chakravarty
- Sanaria Inc, Suite A209, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD, 20850, USA
| | - B Kim Lee Sim
- Sanaria Inc, Suite A209, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD, 20850, USA
- Protein Potential, Suite A209, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD, 20850, USA
| | - Stephen L Hoffman
- Sanaria Inc, Suite A209, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD, 20850, USA
| | - David A O'Brochta
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research and Department of Entomology, University of Maryland, Gudelsky Drive, Rockville, MD, 20850, USA
- Foundation for the National Institutes of Health, 11400 Rockville Pike, Suite 600, North Bethesda, MD, 20852, USA
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Murphy SC, Deye GA, Sim BKL, Galbiati S, Kennedy JK, Cohen KW, Chakravarty S, KC N, Abebe Y, James ER, Kublin JG, Hoffman SL, Richie TL, Jackson LA. PfSPZ-CVac efficacy against malaria increases from 0% to 75% when administered in the absence of erythrocyte stage parasitemia: A randomized, placebo-controlled trial with controlled human malaria infection. PLoS Pathog 2021; 17:e1009594. [PMID: 34048504 PMCID: PMC8191919 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1009594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
PfSPZ-CVac combines 'PfSPZ Challenge', which consists of infectious Plasmodium falciparum sporozoites (PfSPZ), with concurrent antimalarial chemoprophylaxis. In a previously-published PfSPZ-CVac study, three doses of 5.12x104 PfSPZ-CVac given 28 days apart had 100% vaccine efficacy (VE) against controlled human malaria infection (CHMI) 10 weeks after the last immunization, while the same dose given as three injections five days apart had 63% VE. Here, we conducted a dose escalation trial of similarly condensed schedules. Of the groups proceeding to CHMI, the first study group received three direct venous inoculations (DVIs) of a dose of 5.12x104 PfSPZ-CVac seven days apart and the next full dose group received three DVIs of a higher dose of 1.024x105 PfSPZ-CVac five days apart. CHMI (3.2x103 PfSPZ Challenge) was performed by DVI 10 weeks after the last vaccination. In both CHMI groups, transient parasitemia occurred starting seven days after each vaccination. For the seven-day interval group, the second and third vaccinations were therefore administered coincident with parasitemia from the prior vaccination. Parasitemia was associated with systemic symptoms which were severe in 25% of subjects. VE in the seven-day group was 0% (7/7 infected) and in the higher-dose, five-day group was 75% (2/8 infected). Thus, the same dose of PfSPZ-CVac previously associated with 63% VE when given on a five-day schedule in the prior study had zero VE here when given on a seven-day schedule, while a double dose given on a five-day schedule here achieved 75% VE. The relative contributions of the five-day schedule and/or the higher dose to improved VE warrant further investigation. It is notable that administration of PfSPZ-CVac on a schedule where vaccine administration coincided with blood-stage parasitemia was associated with an absence of sterile protective immunity. Clinical trials registration: NCT02773979.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean C. Murphy
- Seattle Malaria Clinical Trials Center, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Center for Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Gregory A. Deye
- Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - B. Kim Lee Sim
- Sanaria Inc., Rockville, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Shirley Galbiati
- The Emmes Company, Rockville, Maryland, United States of America
| | | | - Kristen W. Cohen
- Seattle Malaria Clinical Trials Center, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | | | - Natasha KC
- Sanaria Inc., Rockville, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Yonas Abebe
- Sanaria Inc., Rockville, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Eric R. James
- Sanaria Inc., Rockville, Maryland, United States of America
| | - James G. Kublin
- Seattle Malaria Clinical Trials Center, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | | | | | - Lisa A. Jackson
- Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Athira KV, Sadanandan P, Chakravarty S. Repurposing Vorinostat for the Treatment of Disorders Affecting Brain. Neuromolecular Med 2021; 23:449-465. [PMID: 33948878 DOI: 10.1007/s12017-021-08660-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Based on the findings in recent years, we summarize the therapeutic potential of vorinostat (VOR), the first approved histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor, in disorders of brain, and strategies to improve drug efficacy and reduce side effects. Scientific evidences provide a strong case for the therapeutic utility of VOR in various disorders affecting brain, including stroke, Alzheimer's disease, frontotemporal dementia, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, spinal muscular atrophy, X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy, epilepsy, Niemann-Pick type C disease, and neuropsychiatric disorders. Further elucidation of the neuroprotective and neurorestorative properties of VOR using proper clinical study designs could provide momentum towards its clinical application. To improve the therapeutic prospect, concerns on systemic toxicity and off-target actions need to be addressed along with the improvement in formulation and delivery aspects, especially with respect to solubility, permeability, and pharmacokinetic properties. Newer approaches in this regard include poly(ethylene glycol)-b-poly(DL-lactic acid) micelles, VOR-pluronic F127 micelles, encapsulation of iron complexes of VOR into PEGylated liposomes, human serum albumin bound VOR nanomedicine, magnetically guided layer-by-layer assembled nanocarriers, as well as convection-enhanced delivery. Even though targeting specific class or isoform of HDAC is projected as advantageous over pan-HDAC inhibitor like VOR, in terms of adverse effects and efficacy, till clinical validation, the idea is debated. As the VOR treatment-related adverse changes are mostly found reversible, further optimization of the therapeutic strategies with respect to dose, dosage regimen, and formulations of VOR could propel its clinical prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- K V Athira
- Department of Pharmacology, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences Health Sciences Campus, Kochi, 682 041, Kerala, India.
| | - Prashant Sadanandan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry & Analysis, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences Health Sciences Campus, Kochi, 682 041, Kerala, India
| | - Sumana Chakravarty
- Applied Biology Division, CSIR- Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Tarnaka, Uppal Road, Hyderabad, 500007, Telangana, India.
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Jongo SA, Church LWP, Mtoro AT, Schindler T, Chakravarty S, Ruben AJ, Swanson PA, Kassim KR, Mpina M, Tumbo AM, Milando FA, Qassim M, Juma OA, Bakari BM, Simon B, James ER, Abebe Y, Kc N, Saverino E, Fink M, Cosi G, Gondwe L, Studer F, Styers D, Seder RA, Schindler T, Billingsley PF, Daubenberger C, Sim BKL, Tanner M, Richie TL, Abdulla S, Hoffman SL. Increase of Dose Associated With Decrease in Protection Against Controlled Human Malaria Infection by PfSPZ Vaccine in Tanzanian Adults. Clin Infect Dis 2021; 71:2849-2857. [PMID: 31782768 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciz1152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A vaccine would be an ideal tool for reducing malaria's impact. PfSPZ Vaccine (radiation attenuated, aseptic, purified, cryopreserved Plasmodium falciparum [Pf] sporozoites [SPZ]) has been well tolerated and safe in >1526 malaria-naive and experienced 6-month to 65-year-olds in the United States, Europe, and Africa. When vaccine efficacy (VE) of 5 doses of 2.7 × 105 PfSPZ of PfSPZ Vaccine was assessed in adults against controlled human malaria infection (CHMI) in the United States and Tanzania and intense field transmission of heterogeneous Pf in Mali, Tanzanians had the lowest VE (20%). METHODS To increase VE in Tanzania, we increased PfSPZ/dose (9 × 105 or 1.8 × 106) and decreased numbers of doses to 3 at 8-week intervals in a double blind, placebo-controlled trial. RESULTS All 22 CHMIs in controls resulted in parasitemia by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. For the 9 × 105 PfSPZ group, VE was 100% (5/5) at 3 or 11 weeks (P < .000l, Barnard test, 2-tailed). For 1.8 × 106 PfSPZ, VE was 33% (2/6) at 7.5 weeks (P = .028). VE of dosage groups (100% vs 33%) was significantly different (P = .022). Volunteers underwent repeat CHMI at 37-40 weeks after last dose. 6/6 and 5/6 volunteers developed parasitemia, but time to first parasitemia was significantly longer than controls in the 9 × 105 PfSPZ group (10.89 vs 7.80 days) (P = .039), indicating a significant reduction in parasites in the liver. Antibody and T-cell responses were higher in the 1.8 × 106 PfSPZ group. CONCLUSIONS In Tanzania, increasing the dose from 2.7 × 105 to 9 × 105 PfSPZ increased VE from 20% to 100%, but increasing to 1.8 × 106 PfSPZ significantly reduced VE. CLINICAL TRIALS REGISTRATION NCT02613520.
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Affiliation(s)
- Said A Jongo
- Ifakara Health Institute, Bagamoyo Research and Training Centre, Bagamoyo, Tanzania
| | | | - Ali T Mtoro
- Ifakara Health Institute, Bagamoyo Research and Training Centre, Bagamoyo, Tanzania
| | - Tobias Schindler
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland.,University of Basel, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Phillip A Swanson
- Vaccine Research Center (VRC), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Kamaka R Kassim
- Ifakara Health Institute, Bagamoyo Research and Training Centre, Bagamoyo, Tanzania
| | - Maximillian Mpina
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland.,University of Basel, Switzerland
| | - Anneth-Mwasi Tumbo
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland.,University of Basel, Switzerland
| | - Florence A Milando
- Ifakara Health Institute, Bagamoyo Research and Training Centre, Bagamoyo, Tanzania
| | - Munira Qassim
- Ifakara Health Institute, Bagamoyo Research and Training Centre, Bagamoyo, Tanzania
| | - Omar A Juma
- Ifakara Health Institute, Bagamoyo Research and Training Centre, Bagamoyo, Tanzania
| | - Bakari M Bakari
- Ifakara Health Institute, Bagamoyo Research and Training Centre, Bagamoyo, Tanzania
| | - Beatus Simon
- Ifakara Health Institute, Bagamoyo Research and Training Centre, Bagamoyo, Tanzania
| | | | | | | | | | - Martina Fink
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland.,University of Basel, Switzerland
| | - Glenda Cosi
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland.,University of Basel, Switzerland
| | - Linda Gondwe
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland.,University of Basel, Switzerland
| | - Fabian Studer
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland.,University of Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Robert A Seder
- Vaccine Research Center (VRC), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Tobias Schindler
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland.,University of Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Claudia Daubenberger
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland.,University of Basel, Switzerland
| | - B Kim Lee Sim
- Sanaria Inc., Rockville, Maryland, USA.,Protein Potential LLC, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Marcel Tanner
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland.,University of Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Salim Abdulla
- Ifakara Health Institute, Bagamoyo Research and Training Centre, Bagamoyo, Tanzania
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Nethi SK, Barui AK, Jhelum P, Basuthakur P, Bollu VS, Reddy BR, Chakravarty S, Patra CR. Europium Hydroxide Nanorods Mitigate Hind Limb Ischemia in Wistar Rats. Adv Therap 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/adtp.202100016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Susheel Kumar Nethi
- Department of Applied Biology CSIR‐Indian Institute of Chemical Technology Uppal Road, Tarnaka Hyderabad Telangana 500007 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad UP 201002 India
| | - Ayan Kumar Barui
- Department of Applied Biology CSIR‐Indian Institute of Chemical Technology Uppal Road, Tarnaka Hyderabad Telangana 500007 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad UP 201002 India
| | - Priya Jhelum
- Department of Applied Biology CSIR‐Indian Institute of Chemical Technology Uppal Road, Tarnaka Hyderabad Telangana 500007 India
| | - Papia Basuthakur
- Department of Applied Biology CSIR‐Indian Institute of Chemical Technology Uppal Road, Tarnaka Hyderabad Telangana 500007 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad UP 201002 India
| | - Vishnu Sravan Bollu
- Department of Applied Biology CSIR‐Indian Institute of Chemical Technology Uppal Road, Tarnaka Hyderabad Telangana 500007 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad UP 201002 India
| | - Bommana Raghunath Reddy
- Department of Applied Biology CSIR‐Indian Institute of Chemical Technology Uppal Road, Tarnaka Hyderabad Telangana 500007 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad UP 201002 India
| | - Sumana Chakravarty
- Department of Applied Biology CSIR‐Indian Institute of Chemical Technology Uppal Road, Tarnaka Hyderabad Telangana 500007 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad UP 201002 India
| | - Chitta Ranjan Patra
- Department of Applied Biology CSIR‐Indian Institute of Chemical Technology Uppal Road, Tarnaka Hyderabad Telangana 500007 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad UP 201002 India
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31
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Barui AK, Nethi SK, Basuthakur P, Jhelum P, Bollu VS, Reddy BR, Chakravarty S, Patra CR. Therapeutic angiogenesis using zinc oxide nanoflowers for the treatment of hind limb ischemia in rat model. Biomed Mater 2021; 16. [PMID: 33657534 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/abebd1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Critical limb ischemia (CLI) is considered as a severe type of peripheral artery diseases (PADs) which occurs due to the inadequate supply of blood to the limb extremities. CLI patients often suffer from extreme cramping pain, impaired wound healing, immobility, cardiovascular complications, amputation of the affected limb and even death. The conventional therapy for the treatment of CLI includes surgical revascularization as well as restoring angiogenesis using growth factor therapy. However, surgical revascularization is suitable for only a minor percentage of CLI patients and it is associated with high perioperative mortality rate. The use of growth factors is also limited in terms of their poor therapeutic angiogenesis potential as observed by the earlier clinical studies, which could be attributed to their poor bio-availability and non-specificity issues. Therefore, to outweigh the aforesaid disadvantages of the conventional strategies, there is an utmost need for the advancement of new alternative therapeutic biomaterials to treat CLI. Since past few decades, various research groups including ours have been involved in developing different pro-angiogenic nanomaterials. Among them, zinc oxide nanoflowers (ZONF), established in our laboratory, are considered as one of the potent nanoparticles to induce therapeutic angiogenesis. In our earlier studies, we have depicted that ZONF promote angiogenesis by inducing the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide (NO) as well as activating Akt/MAPK/eNOS cell signaling pathways in the endothelial cells. Recently, we have also reported the therapeutic potential of ZONF to treat cerebral ischemia through their neuritogenic and neuroprotective properties, exploiting angio-neural cross talk. Considering the excellent pro-angiogenic properties of ZONF and importance of revascularization for the recovery of CLI, in this present study, we have comprehensively explored the therapeutic potential of ZONF in a rat hind limb ischemia model (established by ligating the femoral artery of hind limb), an animal model that mimics CLI in humans. The behavioural studies, laser Doppler perfusion imaging, histopathology, immunofluorescence as well as estimation of serum NO level depicted that the administration of ZONF could ameliorate the ischemic conditions in rats at a faster rate by promoting therapeutic angiogenesis to the ischemic sites. Altogether, the present study offers an alternative nanomedicine approach employing ZONF for the treatment of PADs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayan Kumar Barui
- Biomaterials Group, LST division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Tarnaka, Uppal Road, Hyderabad-500007, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500007, INDIA
| | - Susheel Kumar Nethi
- Biomaterials Group, LST Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Uppal Road, Tarnaka, Hyderabad 500007, AP, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, 500007, INDIA
| | - Papia Basuthakur
- Biomaterials Group, LST Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Uppal Road, Tarnaka, Hyderabad 500007, AP, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, 500007, INDIA
| | - Priya Jhelum
- Biomaterials Group, LST Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Uppal Road, Tarnaka, Hyderabad 500007, AP, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, 500007, INDIA
| | - Vishnu Sravan Bollu
- Biomaterials Group, LST Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Uppal Road, Tarnaka, Hyderabad 500007, AP, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, 500007, INDIA
| | - Bommana Raghunath Reddy
- Biomaterials Group, LST Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Uppal Road, Tarnaka, Hyderabad 500007, AP, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, 500007, INDIA
| | - Sumana Chakravarty
- Biomaterials Group, LST Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Uppal Road, Tarnaka, Hyderabad 500007, AP, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, 500007, INDIA
| | - Chitta Ranjan Patra
- Biomaterials Group, LST Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Uppal Road, Tarnaka, Hyderabad 500007, AP, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, 500007, INDIA
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K V A, Wahul AB, Soren K, Das T, Dey S, Samudrala PK, Kumar A, Lahkar M, Chakravarty S. Differential modulation of GR signaling and HDACs in the development of resilient/vulnerable phenotype and antidepressant-like response of vorinostat. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2021; 124:105083. [PMID: 33310695 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2020.105083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The present study explored the antidepressant potential of vorinostat (VOR) against chronic social defeat stress (CSDS) in mice. Since this model has the remarkable capacity to delineate the resilient and the defeated mice, we also looked for their molecular deviations. Defeated mice showed classical phenotypic alterations such as anhedonia, social avoidance, anxiety and despair. Whereas, resilient mice were immune to the development of those. Both defeated and resilient mice demonstrated marked CORT elevation in blood. Development of resilience vs. defeat to CSDS was found to be associated with the differential nuclear levels of GR, HDAC3 and HDAC6 in the hippocampus. Activation of a stress responsive adaptive mechanism involving these mediators at the nuclear level might be offering resilience while maladaptive mechanisms leading to defeat. Interestingly, an elevated hippocampal HDAC6 level in defeated mice was also observed, which was restored by VOR treatment. Further studies will be necessary to delineate the HDAC6 associated antidepressant mechanisms. As HDAC3 and HDAC6 are crucial mediators of GR signaling, further molecular studies may aid in understanding the basis of development of resilience to target MDD with new prospective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athira K V
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Guwahati 781125, Assam, India; Applied Biology Division, CSIR- Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (IICT), Hyderabad 500007, Telangana, India
| | - Abhipradnya Bipin Wahul
- Applied Biology Division, CSIR- Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (IICT), Hyderabad 500007, Telangana, India
| | - Kalyani Soren
- Applied Biology Division, CSIR- Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (IICT), Hyderabad 500007, Telangana, India
| | - Tapatee Das
- Applied Biology Division, CSIR- Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (IICT), Hyderabad 500007, Telangana, India
| | - Sandeep Dey
- Applied Biology Division, CSIR- Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (IICT), Hyderabad 500007, Telangana, India
| | - Pavan Kumar Samudrala
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Guwahati 781125, Assam, India
| | - Arvind Kumar
- CSIR- Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology (CCMB), Hyderabad 500007, Telangana, India
| | - Mangala Lahkar
- Department of Pharmacology, Gauhati Medical College, Guwahati 781032, Assam, India
| | - Sumana Chakravarty
- Applied Biology Division, CSIR- Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (IICT), Hyderabad 500007, Telangana, India.
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Sutton HJ, Aye R, Idris AH, Vistein R, Nduati E, Kai O, Mwacharo J, Li X, Gao X, Andrews TD, Koutsakos M, Nguyen THO, Nekrasov M, Milburn P, Eltahla A, Berry AA, Kc N, Chakravarty S, Sim BKL, Wheatley AK, Kent SJ, Hoffman SL, Lyke KE, Bejon P, Luciani F, Kedzierska K, Seder RA, Ndungu FM, Cockburn IA. Atypical B cells are part of an alternative lineage of B cells that participates in responses to vaccination and infection in humans. Cell Rep 2021; 34:108684. [PMID: 33567273 PMCID: PMC7873835 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.108684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The diversity of circulating human B cells is unknown. We use single-cell RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) to examine the diversity of both antigen-specific and total B cells in healthy subjects and malaria-exposed individuals. This reveals two B cell lineages: a classical lineage of activated and resting memory B cells and an alternative lineage, which includes previously described atypical B cells. Although atypical B cells have previously been associated with disease states, the alternative lineage is common in healthy controls, as well as malaria-exposed individuals. We further track Plasmodium-specific B cells after malaria vaccination in naive volunteers. We find that alternative lineage cells are primed after the initial immunization and respond to booster doses. However, alternative lineage cells develop an atypical phenotype with repeated boosts. The data highlight that atypical cells are part of a wider alternative lineage of B cells that are a normal component of healthy immune responses. Single-cell RNA-seq reveals two distinct B cell lineages An alternative lineage contains CXCR3+ and atypical B cells Alternative B cells are primed after primary vaccination and respond to boosters Alternative B cells adopt a more atypical phenotype following repeated antigen exposure
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry J Sutton
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Disease, John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Racheal Aye
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Disease, John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia; KEMRI - Wellcome Research Programme/Centre for Geographical Medicine Research (Coast), Kilifi, Kenya
| | - Azza H Idris
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Rachel Vistein
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Eunice Nduati
- KEMRI - Wellcome Research Programme/Centre for Geographical Medicine Research (Coast), Kilifi, Kenya; Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FZ, UK
| | - Oscar Kai
- KEMRI - Wellcome Research Programme/Centre for Geographical Medicine Research (Coast), Kilifi, Kenya
| | - Jedida Mwacharo
- KEMRI - Wellcome Research Programme/Centre for Geographical Medicine Research (Coast), Kilifi, Kenya
| | - Xi Li
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Disease, John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Xin Gao
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Disease, John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - T Daniel Andrews
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Disease, John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Marios Koutsakos
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Thi H O Nguyen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Maxim Nekrasov
- Australian Cancer Research Foundation Biomolecular Resource Facility, John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Peter Milburn
- Australian Cancer Research Foundation Biomolecular Resource Facility, John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Auda Eltahla
- School of Medical Science, Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Andrea A Berry
- Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | | | | | | | - Adam K Wheatley
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia; ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Stephen J Kent
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia; ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | | | - Kirsten E Lyke
- Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Philip Bejon
- KEMRI - Wellcome Research Programme/Centre for Geographical Medicine Research (Coast), Kilifi, Kenya; Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FZ, UK
| | - Fabio Luciani
- School of Medical Science, Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Katherine Kedzierska
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Robert A Seder
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Francis M Ndungu
- KEMRI - Wellcome Research Programme/Centre for Geographical Medicine Research (Coast), Kilifi, Kenya; Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FZ, UK
| | - Ian A Cockburn
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Disease, John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia.
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Phalen H, Vagdargi P, Schrum ML, Chakravarty S, Canezin A, Pozin M, Coemert S, Iordachita I, Hoffman SL, Chirikjian GS, Taylor RH. A Mosquito Pick-and-Place System for PfSPZ-based Malaria Vaccine Production. IEEE Trans Autom Sci Eng 2021; 18:299-310. [PMID: 33746641 PMCID: PMC7978227 DOI: 10.1109/tase.2020.2992131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The treatment of malaria is a global health challenge that stands to benefit from the widespread introduction of a vaccine for the disease. A method has been developed to create a live organism vaccine using the sporozoites (SPZ) of the parasite Plasmodium falciparum (Pf), which are concentrated in the salivary glands of infected mosquitoes. Current manual dissection methods to obtain these PfSPZ are not optimally efficient for large-scale vaccine production. We propose an improved dissection procedure and a mechanical fixture that increases the rate of mosquito dissection and helps to deskill this stage of the production process. We further demonstrate the automation of a key step in this production process, the picking and placing of mosquitoes from a staging apparatus into a dissection assembly. This unit test of a robotic mosquito pick-and-place system is performed using a custom-designed micro-gripper attached to a four degree of freedom (4-DOF) robot under the guidance of a computer vision system. Mosquitoes are autonomously grasped and pulled to a pair of notched dissection blades to remove the head of the mosquito, allowing access to the salivary glands. Placement into these blades is adapted based on output from computer vision to accommodate for the unique anatomy and orientation of each grasped mosquito. In this pilot test of the system on 50 mosquitoes, we demonstrate a 100% grasping accuracy and a 90% accuracy in placing the mosquito with its neck within the blade notches such that the head can be removed. This is a promising result for this difficult and non-standard pick-and-place task. NOTE TO PRACTITIONERS— Automated processes could help increase malaria vaccine production to global scale. Currently, production requires technicians to manually dissect mosquitoes, a process that is slow, tedious, and requires a lengthy training regimen. This paper presents an an improved manual fixture and procedure that reduces technician training time. Further, an approach to automate this dissection process is proposed and the critical step of robotic manipulation of the mosquito with the aid of computer vision is demonstrated. Our approach may serve as a useful example of system design and integration for practitioners that seek to perform new and challenging pick-and-place tasks with small, non-uniform, and highly deformable objects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry Phalen
- H. Phalen, P. Vagdargi, G. S. Chirikjian, I. Iordachita, and R. H. Taylor are with the Laboratory for Computational Sensing and Robotics (LCSR) at the Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore, MD, USA. Previously, M. L. Schrum, A. Canezin, M. Pozin, and S. Coemert were also with the LCSR. Now, M. L. Schrum is with Georgia Tech, A. Canezin is with Accenture, M. Pozin is with Auris Health, and S. Coemert is with the Technical University of Munich. G. S. Chirikjian is currently at the National University of Singapore, Department of Mechanical Engineering, 117575, Singapore. S. Chakravarty and S. L. Hoffman are with Sanaria, Inc. in Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Prasad Vagdargi
- H. Phalen, P. Vagdargi, G. S. Chirikjian, I. Iordachita, and R. H. Taylor are with the Laboratory for Computational Sensing and Robotics (LCSR) at the Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore, MD, USA. Previously, M. L. Schrum, A. Canezin, M. Pozin, and S. Coemert were also with the LCSR. Now, M. L. Schrum is with Georgia Tech, A. Canezin is with Accenture, M. Pozin is with Auris Health, and S. Coemert is with the Technical University of Munich. G. S. Chirikjian is currently at the National University of Singapore, Department of Mechanical Engineering, 117575, Singapore. S. Chakravarty and S. L. Hoffman are with Sanaria, Inc. in Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Mariah L Schrum
- H. Phalen, P. Vagdargi, G. S. Chirikjian, I. Iordachita, and R. H. Taylor are with the Laboratory for Computational Sensing and Robotics (LCSR) at the Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore, MD, USA. Previously, M. L. Schrum, A. Canezin, M. Pozin, and S. Coemert were also with the LCSR. Now, M. L. Schrum is with Georgia Tech, A. Canezin is with Accenture, M. Pozin is with Auris Health, and S. Coemert is with the Technical University of Munich. G. S. Chirikjian is currently at the National University of Singapore, Department of Mechanical Engineering, 117575, Singapore. S. Chakravarty and S. L. Hoffman are with Sanaria, Inc. in Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Sumana Chakravarty
- H. Phalen, P. Vagdargi, G. S. Chirikjian, I. Iordachita, and R. H. Taylor are with the Laboratory for Computational Sensing and Robotics (LCSR) at the Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore, MD, USA. Previously, M. L. Schrum, A. Canezin, M. Pozin, and S. Coemert were also with the LCSR. Now, M. L. Schrum is with Georgia Tech, A. Canezin is with Accenture, M. Pozin is with Auris Health, and S. Coemert is with the Technical University of Munich. G. S. Chirikjian is currently at the National University of Singapore, Department of Mechanical Engineering, 117575, Singapore. S. Chakravarty and S. L. Hoffman are with Sanaria, Inc. in Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Amanda Canezin
- H. Phalen, P. Vagdargi, G. S. Chirikjian, I. Iordachita, and R. H. Taylor are with the Laboratory for Computational Sensing and Robotics (LCSR) at the Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore, MD, USA. Previously, M. L. Schrum, A. Canezin, M. Pozin, and S. Coemert were also with the LCSR. Now, M. L. Schrum is with Georgia Tech, A. Canezin is with Accenture, M. Pozin is with Auris Health, and S. Coemert is with the Technical University of Munich. G. S. Chirikjian is currently at the National University of Singapore, Department of Mechanical Engineering, 117575, Singapore. S. Chakravarty and S. L. Hoffman are with Sanaria, Inc. in Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Michael Pozin
- H. Phalen, P. Vagdargi, G. S. Chirikjian, I. Iordachita, and R. H. Taylor are with the Laboratory for Computational Sensing and Robotics (LCSR) at the Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore, MD, USA. Previously, M. L. Schrum, A. Canezin, M. Pozin, and S. Coemert were also with the LCSR. Now, M. L. Schrum is with Georgia Tech, A. Canezin is with Accenture, M. Pozin is with Auris Health, and S. Coemert is with the Technical University of Munich. G. S. Chirikjian is currently at the National University of Singapore, Department of Mechanical Engineering, 117575, Singapore. S. Chakravarty and S. L. Hoffman are with Sanaria, Inc. in Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Suat Coemert
- H. Phalen, P. Vagdargi, G. S. Chirikjian, I. Iordachita, and R. H. Taylor are with the Laboratory for Computational Sensing and Robotics (LCSR) at the Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore, MD, USA. Previously, M. L. Schrum, A. Canezin, M. Pozin, and S. Coemert were also with the LCSR. Now, M. L. Schrum is with Georgia Tech, A. Canezin is with Accenture, M. Pozin is with Auris Health, and S. Coemert is with the Technical University of Munich. G. S. Chirikjian is currently at the National University of Singapore, Department of Mechanical Engineering, 117575, Singapore. S. Chakravarty and S. L. Hoffman are with Sanaria, Inc. in Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Iulian Iordachita
- H. Phalen, P. Vagdargi, G. S. Chirikjian, I. Iordachita, and R. H. Taylor are with the Laboratory for Computational Sensing and Robotics (LCSR) at the Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore, MD, USA. Previously, M. L. Schrum, A. Canezin, M. Pozin, and S. Coemert were also with the LCSR. Now, M. L. Schrum is with Georgia Tech, A. Canezin is with Accenture, M. Pozin is with Auris Health, and S. Coemert is with the Technical University of Munich. G. S. Chirikjian is currently at the National University of Singapore, Department of Mechanical Engineering, 117575, Singapore. S. Chakravarty and S. L. Hoffman are with Sanaria, Inc. in Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Stephen L Hoffman
- H. Phalen, P. Vagdargi, G. S. Chirikjian, I. Iordachita, and R. H. Taylor are with the Laboratory for Computational Sensing and Robotics (LCSR) at the Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore, MD, USA. Previously, M. L. Schrum, A. Canezin, M. Pozin, and S. Coemert were also with the LCSR. Now, M. L. Schrum is with Georgia Tech, A. Canezin is with Accenture, M. Pozin is with Auris Health, and S. Coemert is with the Technical University of Munich. G. S. Chirikjian is currently at the National University of Singapore, Department of Mechanical Engineering, 117575, Singapore. S. Chakravarty and S. L. Hoffman are with Sanaria, Inc. in Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Gregory S Chirikjian
- H. Phalen, P. Vagdargi, G. S. Chirikjian, I. Iordachita, and R. H. Taylor are with the Laboratory for Computational Sensing and Robotics (LCSR) at the Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore, MD, USA. Previously, M. L. Schrum, A. Canezin, M. Pozin, and S. Coemert were also with the LCSR. Now, M. L. Schrum is with Georgia Tech, A. Canezin is with Accenture, M. Pozin is with Auris Health, and S. Coemert is with the Technical University of Munich. G. S. Chirikjian is currently at the National University of Singapore, Department of Mechanical Engineering, 117575, Singapore. S. Chakravarty and S. L. Hoffman are with Sanaria, Inc. in Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Russell H Taylor
- H. Phalen, P. Vagdargi, G. S. Chirikjian, I. Iordachita, and R. H. Taylor are with the Laboratory for Computational Sensing and Robotics (LCSR) at the Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore, MD, USA. Previously, M. L. Schrum, A. Canezin, M. Pozin, and S. Coemert were also with the LCSR. Now, M. L. Schrum is with Georgia Tech, A. Canezin is with Accenture, M. Pozin is with Auris Health, and S. Coemert is with the Technical University of Munich. G. S. Chirikjian is currently at the National University of Singapore, Department of Mechanical Engineering, 117575, Singapore. S. Chakravarty and S. L. Hoffman are with Sanaria, Inc. in Rockville, MD, USA
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Maitra S, Khandelwal N, Kootar S, Sant P, Pathak SS, Reddy S, K. AP, Murty US, Chakravarty S, Kumar A. Histone Lysine Demethylase JMJD2D/KDM4D and Family Members Mediate Effects of Chronic Social Defeat Stress on Mouse Hippocampal Neurogenesis and Mood Disorders. Brain Sci 2020; 10:brainsci10110833. [PMID: 33182385 PMCID: PMC7695311 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci10110833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Depression, anxiety and related mood disorders are major psychiatric illnesses worldwide, and chronic stress appears to be one of the primary underlying causes. Therapeutics to treat these debilitating disorders without a relapse are limited due to the incomplete molecular understanding of their etiopathology. In addition to the well-studied genetic component, research in the past two decades has implicated diverse epigenetic mechanisms in mediating the negative effects of chronic stressful events on neural circuits. This includes the cognitive circuitry, where the dynamic hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG) neurogenesis gets affected in depression and related affective disorders. Most of these epigenetic studies have focused on the impact of acetylation/deacetylation and methylation of several histone lysine residues on neural gene expression. However, there is a dearth of investigation into the role of demethylation of these lysine residues in chronic stress-induced changes in neurogenesis that results in altered behaviour. Here, using the chronic social defeat stress (CSDS) paradigm to induce depression and anxiety in C57BL/6 mice and ex vivo DG neural stem/progenitor cell (NSCs/NPCs) culture we show the role of the members of the JMJD2/KDM4 family of histone lysine demethylases (KDMs) in mediating stress-induced changes in DG neurogenesis and mood disorders. The study suggests a critical role of JMJD2D in DG neurogenesis. Altered enrichment of JMJD2D on the promoters of Id2 (inhibitor of differentiation 2) and Sox2 (SRY-Box Transcription Factor 2) was observed during proliferation and differentiation of NSCs/NPCs obtained from the DG. This would affect the demethylation of repressive epigenetic mark H3K9, thus activating or repressing these and possibly other genes involved in regulating proliferation and differentiation of DG NSCs/NPCs. Treatment of the NSCs/NPCs culture with Dimethyloxallyl Glycine (DMOG), an inhibitor of JMJDs, led to attenuation in their proliferation capacity. Additionally, systemic administration of DMOG in mice for 10 days induced depression-like and anxiety-like phenotype without any stress exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swati Maitra
- Applied Biology, CSIR—Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (IICT), Uppal Road, Tarnaka, Hyderabad 500007, Telangana, India; (S.M.); (U.S.M.)
| | - Nitin Khandelwal
- Epigenetics & Neuropsychiatric Disorders Laboratory, CSIR—Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology (CCMB), Uppal Road, Habsiguda, Hyderabad 500007, Telangana, India; (N.K.); (S.K.); (P.S.); (S.S.P.); (S.R.); (A.P.K.)
| | - Scherazad Kootar
- Epigenetics & Neuropsychiatric Disorders Laboratory, CSIR—Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology (CCMB), Uppal Road, Habsiguda, Hyderabad 500007, Telangana, India; (N.K.); (S.K.); (P.S.); (S.S.P.); (S.R.); (A.P.K.)
| | - Pooja Sant
- Epigenetics & Neuropsychiatric Disorders Laboratory, CSIR—Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology (CCMB), Uppal Road, Habsiguda, Hyderabad 500007, Telangana, India; (N.K.); (S.K.); (P.S.); (S.S.P.); (S.R.); (A.P.K.)
| | - Salil S. Pathak
- Epigenetics & Neuropsychiatric Disorders Laboratory, CSIR—Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology (CCMB), Uppal Road, Habsiguda, Hyderabad 500007, Telangana, India; (N.K.); (S.K.); (P.S.); (S.S.P.); (S.R.); (A.P.K.)
| | - Sujatha Reddy
- Epigenetics & Neuropsychiatric Disorders Laboratory, CSIR—Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology (CCMB), Uppal Road, Habsiguda, Hyderabad 500007, Telangana, India; (N.K.); (S.K.); (P.S.); (S.S.P.); (S.R.); (A.P.K.)
| | - Annapoorna P. K.
- Epigenetics & Neuropsychiatric Disorders Laboratory, CSIR—Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology (CCMB), Uppal Road, Habsiguda, Hyderabad 500007, Telangana, India; (N.K.); (S.K.); (P.S.); (S.S.P.); (S.R.); (A.P.K.)
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Upadhyayula Suryanarayana Murty
- Applied Biology, CSIR—Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (IICT), Uppal Road, Tarnaka, Hyderabad 500007, Telangana, India; (S.M.); (U.S.M.)
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Guwahati 781101, Assam, India
| | - Sumana Chakravarty
- Applied Biology, CSIR—Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (IICT), Uppal Road, Tarnaka, Hyderabad 500007, Telangana, India; (S.M.); (U.S.M.)
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Correspondence: (S.C.); (A.K.)
| | - Arvind Kumar
- Epigenetics & Neuropsychiatric Disorders Laboratory, CSIR—Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology (CCMB), Uppal Road, Habsiguda, Hyderabad 500007, Telangana, India; (N.K.); (S.K.); (P.S.); (S.S.P.); (S.R.); (A.P.K.)
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Correspondence: (S.C.); (A.K.)
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Athira KV, Bandopadhyay S, Samudrala PK, Naidu VGM, Lahkar M, Chakravarty S. An Overview of the Heterogeneity of Major Depressive Disorder: Current Knowledge and Future Prospective. Curr Neuropharmacol 2020; 18:168-187. [PMID: 31573890 PMCID: PMC7327947 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x17666191001142934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Revised: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is estimated to impose maximum debilitating effects on the society by 2030, with its critical effects on health, functioning, quality of life and concomitant high levels of morbidity and mortality. Yet, the disease is inadequately understood, diagnosed and treated. Moreover, with the recent drastic rise in the pace of life, stress has materialized as one of the most potent environmental factors for depression. In this scenario, it is important to understand the modern pathogenetic hypotheses and mechanisms, and possibly try to shift from the traditional approaches in depression therapy. These include the elaboration of pathophysiological changes in heterogeneous systems such as genetic, epigenetic, serotonergic, noradrenergic, gamma-aminobutyric acid, glutamatergic and endocannabinoid systems, neurotrophic factors, HPA axis, immune system as well as cellular stress mechanisms. These components interact with each other in a complex matrix and further elucidation of their mechanism and cascade pathways are needed. This might aid in the identification of MDD subtypes as well as the development of sophisticated biomarkers. Further, characterization might also aid in developing multitargeted therapies that hold much promise as compared to the conventional monoamine based treatment. New candidate pharmacons, refined psychotherapeutic modalities, advanced neuro-surgical and imaging techniques as well as the implementation of pharmacokinetic, pharmacogenetic prescribing guidelines constitute the emerging expanses of MDD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaipuzha Venu Athira
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Guwahati, 781125, Assam, India.,Applied Biology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Tarnaka, Uppal Road, Hyderabad 500007, India.,Department of Pharmacology, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Sciences Campus, Kochi, 682 041, Kerala, India
| | - Sikta Bandopadhyay
- Applied Biology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Tarnaka, Uppal Road, Hyderabad 500007, India
| | - Pavan Kumar Samudrala
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Guwahati, 781125, Assam, India
| | - V G M Naidu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Guwahati, 781125, Assam, India
| | - Mangala Lahkar
- Department of Pharmacology, Gauhati Medical College, Guwahati, 781032, Assam, India
| | - Sumana Chakravarty
- Applied Biology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Tarnaka, Uppal Road, Hyderabad 500007, India
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Lyke KE, Singer A, Berry AA, Reyes S, Chakravarty S, James ER, Billingsley PF, Gunasekera A, Manoj A, Murshedkar T, Laurens MB, Church WP, Garver Baldwin LS, Sedegah M, Banania G, Ganeshan H, Guzman I, Reyes A, Wong M, Belmonte A, Ozemoya A, Belmonte M, Huang J, Villasante E, Sim BKL, Hoffman SL, Richie TL, Epstein JE. Multidose Priming and Delayed Boosting Improve Plasmodium falciparum Sporozoite Vaccine Efficacy Against Heterologous P. falciparum Controlled Human Malaria Infection. Clin Infect Dis 2020; 73:e2424-e2435. [DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciaa1294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
A live-attenuated Plasmodium falciparum sporozoite (SPZ) vaccine (PfSPZ Vaccine) has shown up to 100% protection against controlled human malaria infection (CHMI) using homologous parasites (same P. falciparum strain as in the vaccine). Using a more stringent CHMI, with heterologous parasites (different P. falciparum strain), we assessed the impact of higher PfSPZ doses, a novel multi-dose prime regimen, and a delayed vaccine boost upon vaccine efficacy (VE).
Methods
We immunized 4 groups that each contained 15 healthy, malaria-naive adults. Group 1 received 5 doses of 4.5 x 105 PfSPZ (Days 1, 3, 5, and 7; Week 16). Groups 2, 3, and 4 received 3 doses (Weeks 0, 8, and 16), with Group 2 receiving 9.0 × 105/doses; Group 3 receiving 18.0 × 105/doses; and Group 4 receiving 27.0 × 105 for dose 1 and 9.0 × 105 for doses 2 and 3. VE was assessed by heterologous CHMI after 12 or 24 weeks. Volunteers not protected at 12 weeks were boosted prior to repeat CHMI at 24 weeks.
Results
At 12-week CHMI, 6/15 (40%) participants in Group 1 (P = .04) and 3/15 (20%) participants in Group 2 remained aparasitemic, as compared to 0/8 controls. At 24-week CHMI, 3/13 (23%) participants in Group 3 and 3/14 (21%) participants in Group 4 remained aparasitemic, versus 0/8 controls (Groups 2–4, VE not significant). Postboost, 9/14 (64%) participants versus 0/8 controls remained aparasitemic (3/6 in Group 1, P = .025; 6/8 in Group 2, P = .002).
Conclusions
Administering 4 stacked priming injections (multi-dose priming) resulted in 40% VE against heterologous CHMI, while dose escalation of PfSPZ using single-dose priming was not significantly protective. Boosting unprotected subjects improved VE at 24 weeks, to 64%.
Clinical Trials Registration
NCT02601716.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsten E Lyke
- Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Alexandra Singer
- Naval Medical Research Center Malaria Department, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Andrea A Berry
- Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Sharina Reyes
- Naval Medical Research Center Malaria Department, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Matthew B Laurens
- Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Lindsey S Garver Baldwin
- Pharmaceutical Systems Project Management Office US Army Medical and Material Development Activity, Fort Detrick, Maryland, USA
| | - Martha Sedegah
- Naval Medical Research Center Malaria Department, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Glenna Banania
- Naval Medical Research Center Malaria Department, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Harini Ganeshan
- Naval Medical Research Center Malaria Department, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Ivelese Guzman
- Naval Medical Research Center Malaria Department, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Anatalio Reyes
- Naval Medical Research Center Malaria Department, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Mimi Wong
- Naval Medical Research Center Malaria Department, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Arnel Belmonte
- Naval Medical Research Center Malaria Department, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Amelia Ozemoya
- Naval Medical Research Center Malaria Department, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Maria Belmonte
- Naval Medical Research Center Malaria Department, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Jun Huang
- Naval Medical Research Center Malaria Department, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Eileen Villasante
- Naval Medical Research Center Malaria Department, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | | | | | | | - Judith E Epstein
- Naval Medical Research Center Malaria Department, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
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38
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Das T, Soren K, Yerasi M, Kamle A, Kumar A, Chakravarty S. Molecular Basis of Sex Difference in Neuroprotection induced by Hypoxia Preconditioning in Zebrafish. Mol Neurobiol 2020; 57:5177-5192. [PMID: 32862360 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-020-02091-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Hypoxia, the major cause of ischemic injury, leads to debilitating disease in infants via birth asphyxia and cerebral palsy, whereas in adults via heart attack and stroke. A widespread, natural protective phenomenon termed 'hypoxic preconditioning' (PH) occurs when prior exposures to hypoxia eventually result in robust hypoxia resistance. Accordingly, we have developed and optimized a novel model of hypoxic preconditioning in adult zebrafish to mimic the tolerance of mini stroke(s) in human, which appears to protect against the severe damage inflicted by a major stroke event. Here, we observed a remarkable difference in the progression pattern of neuroprotection between preconditioning hypoxia followed by acute hypoxia (PH) group, and acute hypoxia (AH) only group, with noticeable sex difference when compared with normoxia behaviour upon recovery. Since gender difference has been reported in stroke risk factors and disease history, it was pertinent to investigate whether any such sex difference also exists in PH's protective mechanism against acute ischemic stroke. In order to elucidate the neural molecular mechanisms behind sex difference in neuroprotection induced by PH, a high throughput proteomics approach utilizing iTRAQ was performed, followed by protein enrichment analysis using ingenuity pathway analysis (IPA) tool. Out of thousands of significantly altered proteins in zebrafish brain, the ones having critical role either in neuroglial proliferation/differentiation or neurotrophic functions were validated by analyzing their expression levels in preconditioned (PH), acute hypoxia (AH), and normoxia groups. The data indicate that female zebrafish brains are more protected against the severity of AH when exposed to the hypoxic preconditioning. The study also sheds light on the involvement of many signalling pathways underlying sex difference in preconditioning-induced neuroprotective mechanism, which can be further validated for the therapeutic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tapatee Das
- Applied Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (IICT), Hyderabad, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, U.P., 201002, India
| | - Kalyani Soren
- Applied Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (IICT), Hyderabad, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, U.P., 201002, India
| | - Mounica Yerasi
- Applied Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (IICT), Hyderabad, India
| | - Avijeet Kamle
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology (CCMB), Hyderabad, India
| | - Arvind Kumar
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, U.P., 201002, India.,CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology (CCMB), Hyderabad, India
| | - Sumana Chakravarty
- Applied Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (IICT), Hyderabad, India. .,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, U.P., 201002, India.
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39
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Chakravarty S, Knox M, Lloyd K, Cantor J, Spitalnik D. Patient and System Factors Associated with Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Ambulatory Care Among Medicaid‐Enrolled Adults with Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities. Health Serv Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/1475-6773.13400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - M. Knox
- The Boggs Center on Developmental Disabilities New Brunswick NJ United States
| | - K. Lloyd
- Rutgers University New Brunswick NJ United States
| | - J.C. Cantor
- Rutgers Center for State Health Policy New Brunswick NJ United States
| | - D. Spitalnik
- Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School New Brunswick NJ United States
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40
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Reddy RG, Bhat UA, Chakravarty S, Kumar A. Advances in histone deacetylase inhibitors in targeting glioblastoma stem cells. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2020; 86:165-179. [PMID: 32638092 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-020-04109-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a lethal grade IV glioma (WHO classification) and widely prevalent primary brain tumor in adults. GBM tumors harbor cellular heterogeneity with the presence of a small subpopulation of tumor cells, described as GBM cancer stem cells (CSCs) that pose resistance to standard anticancer regimens and eventually mediate aggressive relapse or intractable progressive GBM. Existing conventional anticancer therapies for GBM do not target GBM stem cells and are mostly palliative; therefore, exploration of new strategies to target stem cells of GBM has to be prioritized for the development of effective GBM therapy. Recent developments in the understanding of GBM pathophysiology demonstrated dysregulation of epigenetic mechanisms along with the genetic changes in GBM CSCs. Altered expression/activity of key epigenetic regulators, especially histone deacetylases (HDACs) in GBM stem cells has been associated with poor prognosis; inhibiting the activity of HDACs using histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi) has been promising as mono-therapeutic in targeting GBM and in sensitizing GBM stem cells to an existing anticancer regimen. Here, we review the development of pan/selective HDACi as potential anticancer agents in targeting the stem cells of glioblastoma as a mono or combination therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Gajendra Reddy
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Habsiguda, Uppal Road, Hyderabad, 500007, Telangana, India
| | - Unis Ahmad Bhat
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Habsiguda, Uppal Road, Hyderabad, 500007, Telangana, India
| | - Sumana Chakravarty
- Applied Biology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Tarnaka, Uppal Road, Hyderabad, 500007, Telangana, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Arvind Kumar
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Habsiguda, Uppal Road, Hyderabad, 500007, Telangana, India. .,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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41
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Jovanović A, Klimek P, Renn O, Schneider R, Øien K, Brown J, DiGennaro M, Liu Y, Pfau V, Jelić M, Rosen T, Caillard B, Chakravarty S, Chhantyal P. Assessing resilience of healthcare infrastructure exposed to COVID-19: emerging risks, resilience indicators, interdependencies and international standards. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 40:252-286. [PMID: 32837821 PMCID: PMC7271643 DOI: 10.1007/s10669-020-09779-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
In the moment of preparation of this paper, the world is still globally in grip of the Corona (COVID-19) crisis, and the need to understand the broader overall framework of the crisis increases. As in similar cases in the past, also with this one, the main interest is on the “first response”. Fully appreciating the efforts of those risking their lives facing pandemics, this paper tries to identify the main elements of the larger, possibly global, framework, supported by international standards, needed to deal with new (emerging) risks resulting from threats like Corona and assess the resilience of systems affected. The paper proposes that future solutions should include a number of new elements, related to both risk and resilience. That should include broadening the scope of attention, currently focused onto preparation and response phases, to the phases of “understanding risks”, including emerging risks, and transformation and adaptation. The paper suggests to use resilience indicators in this process. The proposed approach has been applied in different cases involving critical infrastructures in Europe (energy supply, water supply, transportation, etc., exposed to various threats), including the health system in Austria. The detailed, indicator-based, resilience analysis included mapping resilience, resilience stress-testing, visualization, etc., showing, already before the COVID-19, the resilience (stress-testing) limits of the infrastructures. A simpler (57 indicator based) analysis has, then been done for 11 countries (including Austria). The paper links these results with the options available in the area of policies, standards, guidelines and tools (such as the RiskRadar), with focus on interdependencies and global standards—especially the new ISO 31,050, linking emerging risks and resilience.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Jovanović
- EU-VRi European Risk & Resilience Institute, 70178 Stuttgart, Germany.,R-Tech Steinbeis Advanced Risk Technologies, Fangelsbachstr. 14, 70178 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - P Klimek
- Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - O Renn
- Institute for Advanced Sustainability Studies (IASS), Potsdam, Germany
| | | | - K Øien
- SINTEF, Trondheim, Norway
| | - J Brown
- ISO, Thales, Melbourne, Australia
| | - M DiGennaro
- Johanniter Unfallhilfe e.V., Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Y Liu
- Beijing Municipal Institute of Labor Protection (BMILP), Beijing, China
| | - V Pfau
- EU-VRi European Risk & Resilience Institute, 70178 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - M Jelić
- R-Tech Steinbeis Advanced Risk Technologies, Fangelsbachstr. 14, 70178 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - T Rosen
- R-Tech Steinbeis Advanced Risk Technologies, Fangelsbachstr. 14, 70178 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - B Caillard
- EU-VRi European Risk & Resilience Institute, 70178 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - S Chakravarty
- R-Tech Steinbeis Advanced Risk Technologies, Fangelsbachstr. 14, 70178 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - P Chhantyal
- R-Tech Steinbeis Advanced Risk Technologies, Fangelsbachstr. 14, 70178 Stuttgart, Germany
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42
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Barui AK, Jhelum P, Nethi SK, Das T, Bhattacharya D, B V, Karri S, Chakravarty S, Patra CR. Potential Therapeutic Application of Zinc Oxide Nanoflowers in the Cerebral Ischemia Rat Model through Neuritogenic and Neuroprotective Properties. Bioconjug Chem 2020; 31:895-906. [PMID: 32050064 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.0c00030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Neuritogenesis, a complex process of the sprouting of neurites, plays a vital role in the structural and functional restoration of cerebral ischemia-injured neuronal tissue. Practically, there is no effective long-term treatment strategy for cerebral ischemia in clinical practice to date due to several limitations of conventional therapies, facilitating the urgency to develop new alternative therapeutic approaches. Herein, for the first time we report that pro-angiogenic nanomaterials, zinc oxide nanoflowers (ZONF), exhibit neuritogenic activity by elevating mRNA expression of different neurotrophins, following PI3K/Akt-MAPK/ERK signaling pathways. Further, ZONF administration to global cerebral ischemia-induced Fischer rats shows improved neurobehavior and enhanced synaptic plasticity of neurons via upregulation of Neurabin-2 and NT-3, revealing their neuroprotective activity. Altogether, this study offers the basis for exploitation of angio-neural cross talk of other pro-angiogenic nano/biomaterials for future advancement of alternative treatment strategies for cerebral ischemia, where neuritogenesis and neural repair are highly critical.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayan Kumar Barui
- Department of Applied Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Uppal Road, Tarnaka, Hyderabad 500007, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201002, India
| | - Priya Jhelum
- Department of Applied Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Uppal Road, Tarnaka, Hyderabad 500007, India
| | - Susheel Kumar Nethi
- Department of Applied Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Uppal Road, Tarnaka, Hyderabad 500007, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201002, India
| | - Tapatee Das
- Department of Applied Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Uppal Road, Tarnaka, Hyderabad 500007, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201002, India
| | - Dwaipayan Bhattacharya
- Department of Applied Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Uppal Road, Tarnaka, Hyderabad 500007, India
| | - Vinothkumar B
- Department of Applied Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Uppal Road, Tarnaka, Hyderabad 500007, India
| | - Shailaja Karri
- Department of Applied Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Uppal Road, Tarnaka, Hyderabad 500007, India
| | - Sumana Chakravarty
- Department of Applied Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Uppal Road, Tarnaka, Hyderabad 500007, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201002, India
| | - Chitta Ranjan Patra
- Department of Applied Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Uppal Road, Tarnaka, Hyderabad 500007, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201002, India
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43
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Jongo SA, Church LWP, Mtoro AT, Chakravarty S, Ruben AJ, Swanson PA, Kassim KR, Mpina M, Tumbo AM, Milando FA, Qassim M, Juma OA, Bakari BM, Simon B, James ER, Abebe Y, Kc N, Saverino E, Gondwe L, Studer F, Fink M, Cosi G, El-Khorazaty J, Styers D, Seder RA, Schindler T, Billingsley PF, Daubenberger C, Sim BKL, Tanner M, Richie TL, Abdulla S, Hoffman SL. Safety and Differential Antibody and T-Cell Responses to the Plasmodium falciparum Sporozoite Malaria Vaccine, PfSPZ Vaccine, by Age in Tanzanian Adults, Adolescents, Children, and Infants. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2020; 100:1433-1444. [PMID: 30994090 PMCID: PMC6553883 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.18-0835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In 2016, there were more cases and deaths caused by malaria globally than in 2015. An effective vaccine would be an ideal additional tool for reducing malaria's impact. Sanaria® PfSPZ Vaccine, composed of radiation-attenuated, aseptic, purified, cryopreserved Plasmodium falciparum (Pf) sporozoites (SPZ) has been well tolerated and safe in malaria-naïve and experienced adults in the United States and Mali and protective against controlled human malaria infection with Pf in the United States and field transmission of Pf in Mali, but had not been assessed in younger age groups. We, therefore, evaluated PfSPZ Vaccine in 93 Tanzanians aged 45 years to 6 months in a randomized, double-blind, normal saline placebo-controlled trial. There were no significant differences in adverse events between vaccinees and controls or between dosage regimens. Because all age groups received three doses of 9.0 × 105 PfSPZ of PfSPZ Vaccine, immune responses were compared at this dosage. Median antibody responses against Pf circumsporozoite protein and PfSPZ were highest in infants and lowest in adults. T-cell responses were highest in 6-10-year olds after one dose and 1-5-year olds after three doses; infants had no significant positive T-cell responses. The safety data were used to support initiation of trials in > 300 infants in Kenya and Equatorial Guinea. Because PfSPZ Vaccine-induced protection is thought to be mediated by T cells, the T-cell data suggest PfSPZ Vaccine may be more protective in children than in adults, whereas infants may not be immunologically mature enough to respond to the PfSPZ Vaccine immunization regimen assessed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Said A Jongo
- Ifakara Health Institute, Bagamoyo Research and Training Centre, Bagamoyo, Tanzania
| | | | - Ali T Mtoro
- Ifakara Health Institute, Bagamoyo Research and Training Centre, Bagamoyo, Tanzania
| | | | | | - Phillip A Swanson
- Vaccine Research Center (VRC), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Kamaka R Kassim
- Ifakara Health Institute, Bagamoyo Research and Training Centre, Bagamoyo, Tanzania
| | - Maximillian Mpina
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Anneth-Mwasi Tumbo
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Florence A Milando
- Ifakara Health Institute, Bagamoyo Research and Training Centre, Bagamoyo, Tanzania
| | - Munira Qassim
- Ifakara Health Institute, Bagamoyo Research and Training Centre, Bagamoyo, Tanzania
| | - Omar A Juma
- Ifakara Health Institute, Bagamoyo Research and Training Centre, Bagamoyo, Tanzania
| | - Bakari M Bakari
- Ifakara Health Institute, Bagamoyo Research and Training Centre, Bagamoyo, Tanzania
| | - Beatus Simon
- Ifakara Health Institute, Bagamoyo Research and Training Centre, Bagamoyo, Tanzania
| | | | | | | | | | - Linda Gondwe
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Fabian Studer
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Martina Fink
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Glenda Cosi
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Robert A Seder
- Vaccine Research Center (VRC), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Tobias Schindler
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Claudia Daubenberger
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland
| | - B Kim Lee Sim
- Protein Potential LLC, Rockville, Maryland.,Sanaria, Inc., Rockville, Maryland
| | - Marcel Tanner
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Salim Abdulla
- Ifakara Health Institute, Bagamoyo Research and Training Centre, Bagamoyo, Tanzania
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44
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Seilie AM, Chang M, Hanron AE, Billman ZP, Stone BC, Zhou K, Olsen TM, Daza G, Ortega J, Cruz KR, Smith N, Healy SA, Neal J, Wallis CK, Shelton L, Mankowski TV, Wong-Madden S, Mikolajczak SA, Vaughan AM, Kappe SHI, Fishbaugher M, Betz W, Kennedy M, Hume JCC, Talley AK, Hoffman SL, Chakravarty S, Sim BKL, Richie TL, Wald A, Plowe CV, Lyke KE, Adams M, Fahle GA, Cowan EP, Duffy PE, Kublin JG, Murphy SC. Beyond Blood Smears: Qualification of Plasmodium 18S rRNA as a Biomarker for Controlled Human Malaria Infections. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2020; 100:1466-1476. [PMID: 31017084 PMCID: PMC6553913 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.19-0094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
18S rRNA is a biomarker that provides an alternative to thick blood smears in controlled human malaria infection (CHMI) trials. We reviewed data from CHMI trials at non-endemic sites that used blood smears and Plasmodium 18S rRNA/rDNA biomarker nucleic acid tests (NATs) for time to positivity. We validated a multiplex quantitative reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) for Plasmodium 18S rRNA, prospectively compared blood smears and qRT-PCR for three trials, and modeled treatment effects at different biomarker-defined parasite densities to assess the impact on infection detection, symptom reduction, and measured intervention efficacy. Literature review demonstrated accelerated NAT-based infection detection compared with blood smears (mean acceleration: 3.2–3.6 days). For prospectively tested trials, the validated Plasmodium 18S rRNA qRT-PCR positivity was earlier (7.6 days; 95% CI: 7.1–8.1 days) than blood smears (11.0 days; 95% CI: 10.3–11.8 days) and significantly preceded the onset of grade 2 malaria-related symptoms (12.2 days; 95% CI: 10.6–13.3 days). Discrepant analysis showed that the risk of a blood smear–positive, biomarker-negative result was negligible. Data modeling predicted that treatment triggered by specific biomarker-defined thresholds can differentiate complete, partial, and non-protective outcomes and eliminate many grade 2 and most grade 3 malaria-related symptoms post-CHMI. Plasmodium 18S rRNA is a sensitive and specific biomarker that can justifiably replace blood smears for infection detection in CHMI trials in non-endemic settings. This study led to biomarker qualification through the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for use in CHMI studies at non-endemic sites, which will facilitate biomarker use for the qualified context of use in drug and vaccine trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annette M Seilie
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Center for Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Ming Chang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Center for Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Amelia E Hanron
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Center for Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Zachary P Billman
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Center for Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Brad C Stone
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Center for Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Kevin Zhou
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Center for Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Tayla M Olsen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Center for Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Glenda Daza
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Center for Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Jose Ortega
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Center for Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Kurtis R Cruz
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Center for Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Nahum Smith
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Center for Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Sara A Healy
- Laboratory of Malaria Immunology and Vaccinology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland.,Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington.,Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute (formerly the Center for Infectious Disease Research), Seattle, Washington
| | - Jillian Neal
- Laboratory of Malaria Immunology and Vaccinology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Carolyn K Wallis
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Center for Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Lisa Shelton
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute (formerly the Center for Infectious Disease Research), Seattle, Washington
| | - Tracie VonGoedert Mankowski
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute (formerly the Center for Infectious Disease Research), Seattle, Washington
| | - Sharon Wong-Madden
- Laboratory of Malaria Immunology and Vaccinology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Sebastian A Mikolajczak
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute (formerly the Center for Infectious Disease Research), Seattle, Washington
| | - Ashley M Vaughan
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute (formerly the Center for Infectious Disease Research), Seattle, Washington
| | - Stefan H I Kappe
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute (formerly the Center for Infectious Disease Research), Seattle, Washington
| | - Matt Fishbaugher
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute (formerly the Center for Infectious Disease Research), Seattle, Washington
| | - Will Betz
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute (formerly the Center for Infectious Disease Research), Seattle, Washington
| | - Mark Kennedy
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute (formerly the Center for Infectious Disease Research), Seattle, Washington
| | - Jen C C Hume
- Laboratory of Malaria Immunology and Vaccinology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Angela K Talley
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute (formerly the Center for Infectious Disease Research), Seattle, Washington
| | | | | | | | | | - Anna Wald
- Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | | | - Kirsten E Lyke
- Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Matthew Adams
- Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Gary A Fahle
- Microbiology Service, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | | | - Patrick E Duffy
- Laboratory of Malaria Immunology and Vaccinology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - James G Kublin
- Seattle Malaria Clinical Trials Center, Fred Hutch Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington.,Vaccine and Infectious Diseases Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Sean C Murphy
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington.,Seattle Malaria Clinical Trials Center, Fred Hutch Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington.,Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute (formerly the Center for Infectious Disease Research), Seattle, Washington.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Center for Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
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45
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Mukherjee S, Kotcherlakota R, Haque S, Das S, Nuthi S, Bhattacharya D, Madhusudana K, Chakravarty S, Sistla R, Patra CR. Silver Prussian Blue Analogue Nanoparticles: Rationally Designed Advanced Nanomedicine for Multifunctional Biomedical Applications. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2019; 6:690-704. [DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.9b01693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sudip Mukherjee
- Department of Applied Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Uppal Road, Tarnaka, Hyderabad 500007, Telangana State, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Rajesh Kotcherlakota
- Department of Applied Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Uppal Road, Tarnaka, Hyderabad 500007, Telangana State, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Shagufta Haque
- Department of Applied Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Uppal Road, Tarnaka, Hyderabad 500007, Telangana State, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Sourav Das
- Department of Applied Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Uppal Road, Tarnaka, Hyderabad 500007, Telangana State, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Saketh Nuthi
- Department of Applied Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Uppal Road, Tarnaka, Hyderabad 500007, Telangana State, India
| | - Dwaipayan Bhattacharya
- Department of Applied Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Uppal Road, Tarnaka, Hyderabad 500007, Telangana State, India
| | - Kuncha Madhusudana
- Department of Applied Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Uppal Road, Tarnaka, Hyderabad 500007, Telangana State, India
| | - Sumana Chakravarty
- Department of Applied Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Uppal Road, Tarnaka, Hyderabad 500007, Telangana State, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Ramakrishna Sistla
- Department of Applied Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Uppal Road, Tarnaka, Hyderabad 500007, Telangana State, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Chitta Ranjan Patra
- Department of Applied Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Uppal Road, Tarnaka, Hyderabad 500007, Telangana State, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
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46
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Mukherjee S, Kotcherlakota R, Haque S, Bhattacharya D, Kumar JM, Chakravarty S, Patra CR. Improved delivery of doxorubicin using rationally designed PEGylated platinum nanoparticles for the treatment of melanoma. Mater Sci Eng C Mater Biol Appl 2019; 108:110375. [PMID: 31924026 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2019.110375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Revised: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Efficient delivery of chemotherapeutic drugs to tumor cells is one of the crucial issues for modern day cancer therapy. In this article, we report the synthesis of poly ethylene glycol (PEG) assisted colloidal platinum nanoparticles (PtNPs) by borohydride reduction method at room temperature. PtNPs are stable at room temperature for more than 2 years and are stable in serum and phosphate buffer (pH = 7.4) solution for one week. PtNPs show biocompatibility in different normal cell lines (in vitro) and chicken egg embryonic model (ex vivo). Further, we designed and fabricated PtNPs-based drug delivery systems (DDS: PtNPs-DOX) using doxorubicin (DOX), a FDA approved anticancer drug. Various analytical techniques were applied to characterize the nanomaterials (PtNPs) and DDS (PtNPs-DOX). This DDS exhibits inhibition of cancer cell (B16F10 and A549) proliferation, observed by different in vitro assays. PtNPs-DOX induces apoptosis in cancer cells observed by annexin-V staining method. Intraperitoneal (IP) administration of PtNPs-DOX shows substantial reduction of tumor growth in subcutaneous murine melanoma tumor model compared to control group with free drug. Up-regulation of tumor suppressor protein p53 and down regulation of SOX2 and Ki-67 proliferation markers in melanoma tumor tissues (as observed by immunofluorescence and western blot analysis) indicates probable molecular mechanism for the anticancer activity of DDS. Considering the in vitro and pre-clinical (in vivo) results in murine melanoma, it is believed that platinum nanoparticle-based drug delivery formulation could be exploited to develop an alternative therapeutic nanomedicine for cancer therapy in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudip Mukherjee
- Department of Applied Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Uppal Road, Tarnaka, Hyderabad, 500007, Telangana State, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Rajesh Kotcherlakota
- Department of Applied Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Uppal Road, Tarnaka, Hyderabad, 500007, Telangana State, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Shagufta Haque
- Department of Applied Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Uppal Road, Tarnaka, Hyderabad, 500007, Telangana State, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Dwaipayan Bhattacharya
- Department of Applied Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Uppal Road, Tarnaka, Hyderabad, 500007, Telangana State, India
| | - Jerald Mahesh Kumar
- CSIR - Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad, 500007, Telangana State, India
| | - Sumana Chakravarty
- Department of Applied Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Uppal Road, Tarnaka, Hyderabad, 500007, Telangana State, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Chitta Ranjan Patra
- Department of Applied Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Uppal Road, Tarnaka, Hyderabad, 500007, Telangana State, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India.
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47
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Reddy RG, Surineni G, Bhattacharya D, Marvadi SK, Sagar A, Kalle AM, Kumar A, Kantevari S, Chakravarty S. Crafting Carbazole-Based Vorinostat and Tubastatin-A-like Histone Deacetylase (HDAC) Inhibitors with Potent in Vitro and in Vivo Neuroactive Functions. ACS Omega 2019; 4:17279-17294. [PMID: 31656902 PMCID: PMC6811854 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b01950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Small-molecule inhibitors of HDACs (HDACi) induce hyperacetylation of histone and nonhistone proteins and have emerged as potential therapeutic agents in most animal models tested. The established HDACi vorinostat and tubastatin-A alleviate neurodegenerative and behavioral conditions in animal models of neuropsychiatric disorders restoring the neurotrophic milieu. In spite of the neuroactive pharmacological role of HDACi (vorinostat and tubastatin-A), they are limited by efficacy and toxicity. Considering these limitations and concern, we have designed novel compounds 3-11 as potential HDACi based on the strategic crafting of the key pharmacophoric elements of vorinostat and tubastatin-A into architecting a single molecule. The molecules 3-11 were synthesized through a multistep reaction sequence starting from carbazole and were fully characterized by NMR and mass spectral analysis. The novel molecules 3-11 showed remarkable pan HDAC inhibition and the potential to increase the levels of acetyl H3 and acetyl tubulin. In addition, few novel HDAC inhibitors 4-8, 10, and 11 exhibited significant neurite outgrowth-promoting activity with no observable cytotoxic effects, and interestingly, compound 5 has shown comparably more neurite growth than the parent compounds vorinostat and tubastatin-A. Also, compound 5 was evaluated for possible mood-elevating effects in a chronic unpredictable stress model of Zebrafish. It showed potent anxiolytic and antidepressant-like effects in the novel tank test and social interaction test, respectively. Furthermore, the potent in vitro and in vivo neuroactive compound 5 has shown selectivity for class II over class I HDACs. Our results suggest that the novel carbazole-based HDAC inhibitors, crafted with vorinostat and tubastatin-A pharmacophoric moieties, have potent neurite outgrowth activity and potential to be developed as therapeutics to treat depression and related psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Gajendra Reddy
- Applied
Biology Division and Fluoro and Agrochemical Division, CSIR-Indian
Institute of Chemical Technology, Tarnaka, Uppal Road, Hyderabad 500007, Telangana, India
- Academy
of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Chennai 600113, India
| | - Goverdhan Surineni
- Applied
Biology Division and Fluoro and Agrochemical Division, CSIR-Indian
Institute of Chemical Technology, Tarnaka, Uppal Road, Hyderabad 500007, Telangana, India
| | - Dwaipayan Bhattacharya
- Applied
Biology Division and Fluoro and Agrochemical Division, CSIR-Indian
Institute of Chemical Technology, Tarnaka, Uppal Road, Hyderabad 500007, Telangana, India
| | - Sandeep Kumar Marvadi
- Applied
Biology Division and Fluoro and Agrochemical Division, CSIR-Indian
Institute of Chemical Technology, Tarnaka, Uppal Road, Hyderabad 500007, Telangana, India
| | - Arpita Sagar
- Department
of Animal Biology, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500046, Telangana, India
| | - Arunasree M. Kalle
- Department
of Animal Biology, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500046, Telangana, India
| | - Arvind Kumar
- CSIR-Centre
for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Habsiguda, Uppal Road, Hyderabad 500007, Telangana, India
- Academy
of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Chennai 600113, India
| | - Srinivas Kantevari
- Applied
Biology Division and Fluoro and Agrochemical Division, CSIR-Indian
Institute of Chemical Technology, Tarnaka, Uppal Road, Hyderabad 500007, Telangana, India
- Academy
of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Chennai 600113, India
| | - Sumana Chakravarty
- Applied
Biology Division and Fluoro and Agrochemical Division, CSIR-Indian
Institute of Chemical Technology, Tarnaka, Uppal Road, Hyderabad 500007, Telangana, India
- Academy
of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Chennai 600113, India
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48
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Sá JM, Kaslow SR, Moraes Barros RR, Brazeau NF, Parobek CM, Tao D, Salzman RE, Gibson TJ, Velmurugan S, Krause MA, Melendez-Muniz V, Kite WA, Han PK, Eastman RT, Kim A, Kessler EG, Abebe Y, James ER, Chakravarty S, Orr-Gonzalez S, Lambert LE, Engels T, Thomas ML, Fasinu PS, Serre D, Gwadz RW, Walker L, DeConti DK, Mu J, Bailey JA, Sim BKL, Hoffman SL, Fay MP, Dinglasan RR, Juliano JJ, Wellems TE. Plasmodium vivax chloroquine resistance links to pvcrt transcription in a genetic cross. Nat Commun 2019; 10:4300. [PMID: 31541097 PMCID: PMC6754410 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-12256-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Mainstay treatment for Plasmodium vivax malaria has long relied on chloroquine (CQ) against blood-stage parasites plus primaquine against dormant liver-stage forms (hypnozoites), however drug resistance confronts this regimen and threatens malaria control programs. Understanding the basis of P. vivax chloroquine resistance (CQR) will inform drug discovery and malaria control. Here we investigate the genetics of P. vivax CQR by a cross of parasites differing in drug response. Gametocytogenesis, mosquito infection, and progeny production are performed with mixed parasite populations in nonhuman primates, as methods for P. vivax cloning and in vitro cultivation remain unavailable. Linkage mapping of progeny surviving >15 mg/kg CQ identifies a 76 kb region in chromosome 1 including pvcrt, an ortholog of the Plasmodium falciparum CQR transporter gene. Transcriptional analysis supports upregulated pvcrt expression as a mechanism of CQR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana M Sá
- Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Sarah R Kaslow
- Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Roberto R Moraes Barros
- Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Nicholas F Brazeau
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Christian M Parobek
- Curriculum in Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Dingyin Tao
- W Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Rebecca E Salzman
- Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Tyler J Gibson
- Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | | | - Michael A Krause
- Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Viviana Melendez-Muniz
- Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Whitney A Kite
- Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Paul K Han
- Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Richard T Eastman
- Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Adam Kim
- Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Evan G Kessler
- Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | | | | | | | - Sachy Orr-Gonzalez
- Laboratory of Malaria Immunology and Vaccinology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Lynn E Lambert
- Laboratory of Malaria Immunology and Vaccinology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Theresa Engels
- Division of Veterinary Resources, Office of Research Services, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Marvin L Thomas
- Division of Veterinary Resources, Office of Research Services, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Pius S Fasinu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Campbell University, Buies Creek, NC, 27506, USA
| | - David Serre
- Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Robert W Gwadz
- Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Larry Walker
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Campbell University, Buies Creek, NC, 27506, USA
| | - Derrick K DeConti
- Program in Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01655, USA
| | - Jianbing Mu
- Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Jeffrey A Bailey
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Campbell University, Buies Creek, NC, 27506, USA
- Division of Transfusion Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01655, USA
| | | | | | - Michael P Fay
- Biostatistics Research Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, 20852, USA
| | - Rhoel R Dinglasan
- W Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, Department of Infectious Diseases & Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Jonathan J Juliano
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
- Curriculum in Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Thomas E Wellems
- Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
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Elechalawar CK, Bhattacharya D, Ahmed MT, Gora H, Sridharan K, Chaturbedy P, Sinha SH, Chandra Sekhar Jaggarapu MM, Narayan KP, Chakravarty S, Eswaramoorthy M, Kundu TK, Banerjee R. Dual targeting of folate receptor-expressing glioma tumor-associated macrophages and epithelial cells in the brain using a carbon nanosphere-cationic folate nanoconjugate. Nanoscale Adv 2019; 1:3555-3567. [PMID: 36133563 PMCID: PMC9417975 DOI: 10.1039/c9na00056a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), the highly invasive form of glioma, exhibits the highest mortality in patients with brain malignancies. Increasing glioma patients' survivability is challenging, as targeting only tumor-associated malignant cells would not reduce the overall aggressiveness of the tumor mass. This is due to the inadequacy in countering pro-proliferative, invasive and metastatic factors released by tumor-mass associated macrophages (TAMs). Hence, strategically, dual targeting both tumor cells and TAMs is necessary for effective glioma treatment and increased survivability. Conventional FR-targeting systems can easily target cancer cells that overtly express folate receptors (FRs). However, FRs are expressed only moderately in both glioma cells and in TAMs. Hence, it is more challenging to coordinate dual targeting of glioma cells and TAMs with lower levels of FR expression. A recently developed carbon nanosphere (CSP) with effective blood-brain barrier (BBB) penetrability was modified with a new folic acid-cationic lipid conjugate (F8) as a targeting ligand. The uniqueness of the cationic lipid-folate conjugate is that it stably associates with the negatively charged CSP surface at about >22 mol% surface concentration, a concentration at least 5-fold higher than what is achieved for conventional FR-targeting delivery systems. This enabled dual uptake of the CSP on TAMs and tumor cells via FRs. A doxorubicin-associated FR-targeting formulation (CFD), in an orthotopic glioma model and in a glioma subcutaneous model, induced the maximum anticancer effect with enhanced average mice survivability twice that of untreated mice and without any systemic liver toxicity. Additionally, we observed a significant decrease of TAM-released pro-aggressive factors, TGF-β, STAT3, invasion and migration related sICAM-1, and other cytokines indicating anti-TAM activity of the CFD. Taken together, we principally devised, to the best of our knowledge, the first FR-targeting nano-delivery system for targeting brain-associated TAMs and tumor cells as an efficient glioma therapeutic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandra Kumar Elechalawar
- Applied Biology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology Hyderabad 500 007 India
- Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR) Taramani Chennai 600113 India
| | - Dwaipayan Bhattacharya
- Applied Biology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology Hyderabad 500 007 India
- Department of Biological Sciences, BITS Pilani Hyderabad Campus, Jawahar Nagar, Shameerpet Mandal Hyderabad 500078 India
| | - Mohammed Tanveer Ahmed
- Applied Biology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology Hyderabad 500 007 India
- Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR) Taramani Chennai 600113 India
| | - Halley Gora
- Applied Biology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology Hyderabad 500 007 India
| | - Kathyayani Sridharan
- Applied Biology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology Hyderabad 500 007 India
- Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR) Taramani Chennai 600113 India
| | - Piyush Chaturbedy
- Chemistry and Physics of Materials Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research Jakkur P.O Bangalore 560 064 India
| | - Sarmistha Halder Sinha
- Transcription and Disease Laboratory, Molecular Biology and Genetics Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research Jakkur P.O Bangalore 560 064 India
| | - Madhan Mohan Chandra Sekhar Jaggarapu
- Applied Biology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology Hyderabad 500 007 India
- Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR) Taramani Chennai 600113 India
| | - Kumar Pranav Narayan
- Department of Biological Sciences, BITS Pilani Hyderabad Campus, Jawahar Nagar, Shameerpet Mandal Hyderabad 500078 India
| | - Sumana Chakravarty
- Applied Biology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology Hyderabad 500 007 India
| | - Muthusamy Eswaramoorthy
- Chemistry and Physics of Materials Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research Jakkur P.O Bangalore 560 064 India
| | - Tapas Kumar Kundu
- Transcription and Disease Laboratory, Molecular Biology and Genetics Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research Jakkur P.O Bangalore 560 064 India
| | - Rajkumar Banerjee
- Applied Biology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology Hyderabad 500 007 India
- Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR) Taramani Chennai 600113 India
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50
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Das T, Soren K, Yerasi M, Kumar A, Chakravarty S. Revealing sex-specific molecular changes in hypoxia-ischemia induced neural damage and subsequent recovery using zebrafish model. Neurosci Lett 2019; 712:134492. [PMID: 31518677 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2019.134492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Revised: 08/25/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Functional recovery from hypoxia-ischemia depends on an individual's response to the ischemic damage and recovery. Many of the neurological disorders, including cerebral stroke have sex-specific characteristics. Deciphering the differential molecular mechanisms of sex-specific recovery from hypoxic-ischemic insult can improve medical practice in the treatment of cerebral stroke. In the present study, we describe the establishment of a sex-specific global hypoxia-ischemia neural damage and repair model in zebrafish. During hypoxic exposure a delayed behavioural response was observed in female fish that resumed normal swimming pattern earlier than their male counterparts. Moreover, female appeared more affected as they showed restricted locomotor and exploratory behaviour in novel tank test, reduced mitochondrial enzyme activity, enhanced DNA damage, and cell death after hypoxia insult. However, they showed a faster recovery as compared to male. Analysis of mRNA and protein expression levels of some characteristic hypoxic-ischemic markers showed notable sex-specific differences. Using zebrafish model, we have uncovered cellular and molecular differences in sex-specific systemic responses during the post-hypoxia recovery. This insight might help in devising better therapeutic strategy for stroke in female patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tapatee Das
- Applied Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (IICT), Hyderabad, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, U.P, India
| | - Kalyani Soren
- Applied Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (IICT), Hyderabad, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, U.P, India
| | - Mounica Yerasi
- Applied Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (IICT), Hyderabad, India
| | - Arvind Kumar
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology (CCMB), Hyderabad, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, U.P, India
| | - Sumana Chakravarty
- Applied Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (IICT), Hyderabad, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, U.P, India.
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