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Jeon YH, Lee S, Kim DW, Kim S, Bae SS, Han M, Seong EY, Song SH. Serum and urine metabolomic biomarkers for predicting prognosis in patients with immunoglobulin A nephropathy. Kidney Res Clin Pract 2023; 42:591-605. [PMID: 37448290 PMCID: PMC10565460 DOI: 10.23876/j.krcp.22.146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN) is the most prevalent form of glomerulonephritis worldwide. Prediction of disease progression in IgAN can help to provide individualized treatment based on accurate risk stratification. METHODS We performed proton nuclear magnetic resonance-based metabolomics analyses of serum and urine samples from healthy controls, non-progressor (NP), and progressor (P) groups to identify metabolic profiles of IgAN disease progression. Metabolites that were significantly different between the NP and P groups were selected for pathway analysis. Subsequently, we analyzed multivariate area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves to evaluate the predictive power of metabolites associated with IgAN progression. RESULTS We observed several distinct metabolic fingerprints of the P group involving the following metabolic pathways: glycolipid metabolism; valine, leucine, and isoleucine biosynthesis; aminoacyl-transfer RNA biosynthesis; glycine, serine, and threonine metabolism; and glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism. In multivariate ROC analyses, the combinations of serum glycerol, threonine, and proteinuria (area under the curve [AUC], 0.923; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.667-1.000) and of urinary leucine, valine, and proteinuria (AUC, 0.912; 95% CI, 0.667-1.000) showed the highest discriminatory ability to predict IgAN disease progression. CONCLUSION This study identified serum and urine metabolites profiles that can aid in the identification of progressive IgAN and proposed perturbed metabolic pathways associated with the identified metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- You Hyun Jeon
- Department of Internal Medicine and Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Sujin Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Institute for Functional Materials, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Da Woon Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine and Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Suhkmann Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Institute for Functional Materials, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Sik Bae
- Department of Pharmacology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Miyeun Han
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Young Seong
- Department of Internal Medicine and Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Republic of Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Heon Song
- Department of Internal Medicine and Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Republic of Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
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Park CS, Kim SH, Yang HY, Kim JH, Schermuly RT, Cho YS, Kang H, Park JH, Lee E, Park H, Yang JM, Noh TW, Lee SP, Bae SS, Han J, Ju YS, Park JB, Kim I. Sox17 Deficiency Promotes Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension via HGF/c-Met Signaling. Circ Res 2022; 131:792-806. [PMID: 36205124 PMCID: PMC9612711 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.122.320845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In large-scale genomic studies, Sox17, an endothelial-specific transcription factor, has been suggested as a putative causal gene of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH); however, its role and molecular mechanisms remain to be elucidated. We investigated the functional impacts and acting mechanisms of impaired Sox17 (SRY-related HMG-box17) pathway in PAH and explored its potential as a therapeutic target. METHODS In adult mice, Sox17 deletion in pulmonary endothelial cells (ECs) induced PAH under hypoxia with high penetrance and severity, but not under normoxia. RESULTS Key features of PAH, such as hypermuscularization, EC hyperplasia, and inflammation in lung arterioles, right ventricular hypertrophy, and elevated pulmonary arterial pressure, persisted even after long rest in normoxia. Mechanistically, transcriptomic profiling predicted that the combination of Sox17 deficiency and hypoxia activated c-Met signaling in lung ECs. HGF (hepatocyte grow factor), a ligand of c-Met, was upregulated in Sox17-deficient lung ECs. Pharmacologic inhibition of HGF/c-Met signaling attenuated and reversed the features of PAH in both preventive and therapeutic settings. Similar to findings in animal models, Sox17 levels in lung ECs were repressed in 26.7% of PAH patients (4 of 15), while those were robust in all 14 non-PAH controls. HGF levels in pulmonary arterioles were increased in 86.7% of patients with PAH (13 of 15), but none of the controls showed that pattern. CONCLUSIONS The downregulation of Sox17 levels in pulmonary arterioles increases the susceptibility to PAH, particularly when exposed to hypoxia. Our findings suggest the reactive upregulation of HGF/c-Met signaling as a novel druggable target for PAH treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chan Soon Park
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering (C.S.P., S.H.K., H.Y.Y., J.-H.K., E.L., H.P., J.M.Y., T.W.N., J.H., Y.S.J., I.K.).,Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine (C.S.P., Y.S.C., H.K., S.-P.L., J.-B.P.)
| | - Soo Hyun Kim
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering (C.S.P., S.H.K., H.Y.Y., J.-H.K., E.L., H.P., J.M.Y., T.W.N., J.H., Y.S.J., I.K.)
| | - Hae Young Yang
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering (C.S.P., S.H.K., H.Y.Y., J.-H.K., E.L., H.P., J.M.Y., T.W.N., J.H., Y.S.J., I.K.)
| | - Ju-Hee Kim
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering (C.S.P., S.H.K., H.Y.Y., J.-H.K., E.L., H.P., J.M.Y., T.W.N., J.H., Y.S.J., I.K.)
| | - Ralph Theo Schermuly
- Department of Internal Medicine, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Germany (R.T.S.)
| | - Ye Seul Cho
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine (C.S.P., Y.S.C., H.K., S.-P.L., J.-B.P.)
| | - Hyejeong Kang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine (C.S.P., Y.S.C., H.K., S.-P.L., J.-B.P.).,Center for Precision Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital and Seoul National University College of Medicine, Republic of Korea (H.K., S.-P.L.)
| | - Jae-Hyeong Park
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon, Republic of Korea (J.-H.P.)
| | - Eunhyeong Lee
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering (C.S.P., S.H.K., H.Y.Y., J.-H.K., E.L., H.P., J.M.Y., T.W.N., J.H., Y.S.J., I.K.)
| | - HyeonJin Park
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering (C.S.P., S.H.K., H.Y.Y., J.-H.K., E.L., H.P., J.M.Y., T.W.N., J.H., Y.S.J., I.K.)
| | - Jee Myung Yang
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering (C.S.P., S.H.K., H.Y.Y., J.-H.K., E.L., H.P., J.M.Y., T.W.N., J.H., Y.S.J., I.K.).,Department of Ophthalmology, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, South Korea (J.MY.)
| | - Tae Wook Noh
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering (C.S.P., S.H.K., H.Y.Y., J.-H.K., E.L., H.P., J.M.Y., T.W.N., J.H., Y.S.J., I.K.)
| | - Seung-Pyo Lee
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine (C.S.P., Y.S.C., H.K., S.-P.L., J.-B.P.).,Center for Precision Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital and Seoul National University College of Medicine, Republic of Korea (H.K., S.-P.L.).,Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science, Seoul, Republic of Korea (S.-P.L.)
| | - Sun Sik Bae
- Department of Pharmacology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea (S.S.B.)
| | - Jinju Han
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering (C.S.P., S.H.K., H.Y.Y., J.-H.K., E.L., H.P., J.M.Y., T.W.N., J.H., Y.S.J., I.K.).,Biomedical Research Center, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea (J.H., Y.S.J., I.K.)
| | - Young Seok Ju
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering (C.S.P., S.H.K., H.Y.Y., J.-H.K., E.L., H.P., J.M.Y., T.W.N., J.H., Y.S.J., I.K.).,Biomedical Research Center, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea (J.H., Y.S.J., I.K.)
| | - Jun-Bean Park
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine (C.S.P., Y.S.C., H.K., S.-P.L., J.-B.P.)
| | - Injune Kim
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering (C.S.P., S.H.K., H.Y.Y., J.-H.K., E.L., H.P., J.M.Y., T.W.N., J.H., Y.S.J., I.K.).,Biomedical Research Center, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea (J.H., Y.S.J., I.K.)
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Ahn HS, Yeom J, Jeong H, Park WY, Ku JY, Kang BJ, Kim KH, Lee CH, Song S, Bae SS, Kim K, Ha HK. Comparative Analysis of Proteomes and Phosphoproteomes in Patients with Prostate Cancer Using Different Surgical Conditions. World J Mens Health 2022; 40:608-617. [PMID: 35021302 PMCID: PMC9482863 DOI: 10.5534/wjmh.210165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To establish the standard of procedure in preparing benign and cancerous prostate tissues and evaluate the quality of proteomics and phosphoproteomics during transurethral resection of the prostate (TUR-P) with different surgical conditions. Materials and Methods TUR-P tissue samples from three patients, two diagnosed with prostate cancer and one with benign prostatic hyperplasia, were each analyzed under three different conditions, based on differences in energy values, tissue locations, and surgical techniques. Global- and phosphorylated proteomic profiles of prostate tissues were analyzed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Results A total of 6,019 global proteins and 4,280 phosphorylated peptides were identified in the nine tissues. The quantitative distributions of proteins and phosphorylation in tissues from the same patient were not affected by changes in the surgical conditions, but indirect relative comparisons differed among patients. Phosphorylation levels, especially of proteins involved in the androgen receptor pathway, important in prostate cancer, were preserved in each patient. Conclusions Proteomic profiles of prostate tissue collected by TUR-P were not significantly affected by energy levels, tissue location, or surgical technique. In addition, since protein denaturation of samples through TUR-P is rarely confirmed in this study, we think that it will be an important guide for tissue samples in castration resistant prostate cancer patients, where it is difficult to obtain tissue. This result is the first report about proteomic and phosphoproteomic results with TUR-P samples in prostate cancer and will be theoretical basis in protein analysis research with prostate cancer tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee-Sung Ahn
- Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jeonghun Yeom
- Convergence Medicine Research Center, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hwangkyo Jeong
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Won Young Park
- Department of Pathology, Seegene Medical Foundation, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ja Yoon Ku
- Department of Urology, Dongnam Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences Cancer Center, Busan, Korea
| | - Byeong Jin Kang
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, Pusan National University, Busan, Korea
| | - Kyung Hwan Kim
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, Pusan National University, Busan, Korea
| | - Chan Ho Lee
- Department of Urology, Inje University Busan Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Sangheon Song
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Busan, Korea
| | - Sun Sik Bae
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Busan, Korea
| | - Kyunggon Kim
- Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea.,Convergence Medicine Research Center, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Seoul, Korea.,Digestive Diseases Research Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Bio-Medical Institute of Technology, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea.
| | - Hong Koo Ha
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, Pusan National University, Busan, Korea.,Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Korea.
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Ha JM, Jin SY, Lee HS, Kum HJ, Vafaeinik F, Ha HK, Song SH, Kim CD, Bae SS. Akt1-dependent expression of angiopoietin 1 and 2 in vascular smooth muscle cells leads to vascular stabilization. Exp Mol Med 2022; 54:1133-1145. [PMID: 35931736 PMCID: PMC9440121 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-022-00819-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Retinal angiogenesis was delayed in VSMC-specific Akt1-deficient mice (Akt1∆SMC) but not in Akt2∆SMC mice. The proliferation of ECs, recruitment of pericytes, and coverage of VSMCs to the endothelium were defective in Akt1∆SMC. The silencing of Akt1 in VSMCs led to the downregulation of angiopoietin 1 (Ang1) and the upregulation of Ang2. The activation of Notch3 in VSMCs was significantly reduced in the retinas of Akt1∆SMC mice. Silencing Akt1 suppressed the activation of Notch3. Moreover, the silencing of Notch3 downregulated Ang1, whereas the overexpression of Notch3 intracellular domain (NICD3) enhanced Ang1 expression. The nuclear localization and transcriptional activity of yes-associated protein (YAP) were affected by the expression level of Akt1. Silencing YAP downregulated Ang2 expression, whereas overexpression of YAP showed the opposite results. Ang1 antibody and Ang2 suppressed endothelial sprouting of wild-type aortic tissues, whereas the Ang2 antibody and Ang1 facilitated the endothelial sprouting of aortic tissues from Akt1∆SMC mice. Finally, severe hemorrhage was observed in Akt1∆SMC mice, which was further facilitated under streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic conditions. Therefore, the Akt1-Notch3/YAP-Ang1/2 signaling cascade in VSMCs might play an essential role in the paracrine regulation of endothelial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Min Ha
- Gene and Cell Therapy Research Center for Vessel-Associated Disease, Medical Research Institute, and Department of Pharmacology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Seo Yeon Jin
- Gene and Cell Therapy Research Center for Vessel-Associated Disease, Medical Research Institute, and Department of Pharmacology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Sun Lee
- Gene and Cell Therapy Research Center for Vessel-Associated Disease, Medical Research Institute, and Department of Pharmacology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Jin Kum
- Gene and Cell Therapy Research Center for Vessel-Associated Disease, Medical Research Institute, and Department of Pharmacology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Farzaneh Vafaeinik
- Gene and Cell Therapy Research Center for Vessel-Associated Disease, Medical Research Institute, and Department of Pharmacology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong Koo Ha
- Department of Urology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Heon Song
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Chi Dae Kim
- Gene and Cell Therapy Research Center for Vessel-Associated Disease, Medical Research Institute, and Department of Pharmacology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Sik Bae
- Gene and Cell Therapy Research Center for Vessel-Associated Disease, Medical Research Institute, and Department of Pharmacology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, 50612, Republic of Korea.
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Yunn NO, Lee J, Lee HS, Oh EJ, Park M, Park S, Jin SY, Shin E, Lee JWY, Kim Y, Bae SS, Ryu SH. An aptamer agonist of the insulin receptor acts as a positive or negative allosteric modulator, depending on its concentration. Exp Mol Med 2022; 54:531-541. [PMID: 35478209 PMCID: PMC9076861 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-022-00760-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Aptamers are widely used as binders that interact with targets with high affinity or as inhibitors of the function of target molecules. However, they have also been used to modulate target protein function, which they achieve by activating the target or stabilizing its conformation. Here, we report a unique aptamer modulator of the insulin receptor (IR), IR-A62. Alone, IR-A62 acts as a biased agonist that preferentially induces Y1150 monophosphorylation of IR. However, when administered alongside insulin, IR-A62 shows variable binding cooperativity depending on the ligand concentration. At low concentrations, IR-A62 acts as a positive allosteric modulator (PAM) agonist that enhances insulin binding, but at high concentrations, it acts as a negative allosteric modulator (NAM) agonist that competes with insulin for IR. Moreover, the concentration of insulin affects the binding of IR-A62 to IR. Finally, the subcutaneous administration of IR-A62 to diabetic mice reduces blood glucose levels with a longer-lasting effect than insulin administration. These findings imply that aptamers can elicit various responses from receptors beyond those of a simple agonist or inhibitor. We expect further studies of IR-A62 to help reveal the mechanism of IR activation and greatly expand the range of therapeutic applications of aptamers. Studying how an aptamer, a short section of RNA or DNA, affects the interaction of insulin with its membrane receptor protein offers further insights into aptamers in general. Aptamers can bind with high specificity and affinity to many target molecules, and affect the activity of many proteins. Researchers in South Korea led by Sun Sik Bae at Pusan National University and Sung Ho Ryu at Pohang University of Science and Technology explored the interaction of the aptamer IR-A62 with the membrane protein that binds to and responds to insulin. Whether IR-A62 activated or inhibited insulin’s interaction and effects depended on both the aptamer and insulin concentrations. While increasing understanding of the insulin receptor protein, investigating this subtly variable effect could more generally refine and expand the use of aptamers in medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na-Oh Yunn
- Postech Biotech Center, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Jimin Lee
- The Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Sun Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Ju Oh
- Postech Biotech Center, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Mangeun Park
- Postech Biotech Center, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Seongeun Park
- Postech Biotech Center, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Seo Yeon Jin
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Euisu Shin
- Aptamer Sciences, Inc., Seongnam, 13605, Republic of Korea
| | - Jo Woon Yi Lee
- Aptamer Sciences, Inc., Seongnam, 13605, Republic of Korea
| | - Youndong Kim
- Aptamer Sciences, Inc., Seongnam, 13605, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Sik Bae
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, 50612, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sung Ho Ryu
- The Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea.
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Vafaeinik F, Kum HJ, Jin SY, Min DS, Song SH, Ha HK, Kim CD, Bae SS. Regulation of Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition of A549 Cells by Prostaglandin D 2. Cell Physiol Biochem 2022; 56:89-104. [PMID: 35333485 DOI: 10.33594/000000506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Despite significant advances in diagnostic and operative techniques, lung cancer remains one of the most lethal malignancies worldwide. Since prostaglandins such as prostaglandin D2 (PGD2) is involved in various pathophysiological process, including inflammation and tumorigenesis, this study aims to investigate the role of PGD2 during the process of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in A549 cells. METHODS A549 cells were stimulated with PGD2 and expression of EMT markers was analyzed by immunoblotting and immunofluorescence. EMT-related gene, Slug expression was evaluated using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Migration and invasion abilities of A549 cells were determined in chemotaxis and Matrigel invasion assays, respectively. We also inhibited the TGF/Smad signaling pathway using a receptor inhibitor or silencing of TGF-β1 and TGFβ type I receptor (TGFβRI), and protein expression was assessed by immunoblotting and immunofluorescence. RESULTS Here, we found that stimulation of A549 cells with PGD2 resulted in morphological changes into a mesenchymal-like phenotype under low serum conditions. Stimulation of A549 cells with PGD2 resulted in a significant reduction in proliferation, whereas invasion and migration were enhanced. The expression of E-cadherin was markedly downregulated, while Vimentin expression was upregulated after treatment of A549 cells with PGD2. Slug expression was markedly upregulated by stimulating A549 cells with PGD2, and stimulation of A549 cells with PGD2 significantly enhanced TGF-β1 expression, and silencing of TGF-β1 significantly blocked PGD2-induced EMT and Smad2 phosphorylation. In addition, PGD2-induced Smad2 phosphorylation and EMT were significantly abrogated by either pharmacological inhibition or silencing of TGFβRI. PGD2-induced expression of Slug and EMT were significantly augmented in low nutrient and low serum conditions. Finally, the subsequent culture of mesenchymal type of A549 cells under normal culture conditions reverted the cell's phenotype to an epithelial type. CONCLUSION Given these results, we suggest that tumor microenvironmental factors such as PGD2, nutrition, and growth factors could be possible therapeutic targets for treating metastatic cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzaneh Vafaeinik
- Gene and Cell Therapy Center for Vessel-Associated Disease, Medical Research Institute, and Department of Pharmacology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Gyungnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Jin Kum
- Gene and Cell Therapy Center for Vessel-Associated Disease, Medical Research Institute, and Department of Pharmacology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Gyungnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Seo Yeon Jin
- Gene and Cell Therapy Center for Vessel-Associated Disease, Medical Research Institute, and Department of Pharmacology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Gyungnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Do Sik Min
- Department of Pharmacy, Yeonsei University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Heon Song
- Department of Urology, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong Koo Ha
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Chi Dae Kim
- Gene and Cell Therapy Center for Vessel-Associated Disease, Medical Research Institute, and Department of Pharmacology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Gyungnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Sik Bae
- Gene and Cell Therapy Center for Vessel-Associated Disease, Medical Research Institute, and Department of Pharmacology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Gyungnam, Republic of Korea,
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7
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Kim IY, Park YK, Song SH, Seong EY, Lee DW, Bae SS, Lee SB. Role of Akt1 in renal fibrosis and tubular dedifferentiation during the progression of acute kidney injury to chronic kidney disease. Korean J Intern Med 2021; 36:962-974. [PMID: 33322851 PMCID: PMC8273823 DOI: 10.3904/kjim.2020.198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Acute kidney injury (AKI) is an underestimated yet important risk factor for the development of chronic kidney disease (CKD), characterized by tubulointerstitial fibrosis and tubular dedifferentiation. Tubular dedifferentiation, which is associated with the loss of epithelial markers and the gain of mesenchymal features, is thought to be involved in tubulointerstitial fibrosis. As protein kinase B/Akt is involved in the development of CKD, we investigated the role of Akt1, one of the three Akt isoforms, in a murine model of AKI-to-CKD progression. METHODS We subjected C57BL/6 male mice to unilateral ischemia-reperfusion injury (UIRI) and harvested their kidneys after 6 weeks. Mice were divided into four groups, namely, wild-type (WT) UIRI, Akt1-/- UIRI, WT sham, and Akt1-/- sham. RESULTS Akt1 (but not Akt2 or Akt3) was markedly activated in WT UIRI mice than in WT sham mice. Tubulointerstitial fibrosis and tubular dedifferentiation significantly increased in WT UIRI mice, but were attenuated in Akt1-/- UIRI mice. Both WT UIRI and Akt1-/- UIRI mice showed markedly upregulated transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1)/Smad signaling compared with WT sham mice. However, TGF-β1/Smad expression did not differ between the two groups. The levels of phosphorylated GSK-3β, β-catenin, and Snail were attenuated in Akt1-/- UIRI mice compared with those in WT UIRI mice. CONCLUSION Deletion of Akt1 results in the attenuation of renal fibrosis and tubular dedifferentiation, independent of TGF-β1/Smad signaling, during AKI-to-CKD progression in a UIRI without contralateral nephrectomy model. Thus, Akt1 may serve as a therapeutic target in AKI-to-CKD progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Il Young Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan,
Korea
- Research Institute for Convergence of Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan,
Korea
| | - Yeon Kyeong Park
- Research Institute for Convergence of Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan,
Korea
| | - Sang Heon Song
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan,
Korea
- Medical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan,
Korea
| | - Eun Young Seong
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan,
Korea
- Medical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan,
Korea
| | - Dong Won Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan,
Korea
- Research Institute for Convergence of Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan,
Korea
| | - Sun Sik Bae
- Medical Research Center (MRC) for Ischemic Tissue Regeneration, Medical Research Institute, and Department of Pharmacology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan,
Korea
| | - Soo Bong Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan,
Korea
- Research Institute for Convergence of Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan,
Korea
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8
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Jung Y, Lee HS, Ha JM, Jin SY, Kum HJ, Vafaeinik F, Ha HK, Song SH, Kim CD, Bae SS. Modulation of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Phenotype by High Mobility Group AT-Hook 1. J Lipid Atheroscler 2021; 10:99-110. [PMID: 33537257 PMCID: PMC7838509 DOI: 10.12997/jla.2021.10.1.99] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of high mobility group AT-hook 1 (HMGA1) on the phenotyptic change of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). Methods Gene silencing and overexpression of HMGA1 were introduced to evaluate the effect of HMGA1 expression on the phenotypic change of VSMCs. Marker gene expression of VSMCs was measured by promoter assay, quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and western blot analysis. Common left carotid artery ligation model was used to establish in vivo neointima formation. Results HMGA1 was expressed strongly in the synthetic type of VSMCs and significantly downregulated during the differentiation of VSMCs. Silencing of HMGA1 in the synthetic type of VSMCs enhanced the expression of contractile marker genes thereby enhanced angiotensin II (Ang II)-dependent contraction, however, significantly suppressed proliferation and migration. Stimulation of contractile VSMCs with platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) enhanced HMGA1 expression concomitant with the downregulation of marker gene expression which was blocked significantly by the silencing of HMGA1. Silencing of HMGA1 retained the Ang II-dependent contractile function, which was curtailed by PDGF stimulation, however, overexpression of HMGA1 in the contractile type of VSMCs suppressed marker gene expression. Proliferation and migration were enhanced significantly by the overexpression of HMGA1. Furthermore, the Ang II-dependent contraction was reduced significantly by the overexpression of HMGA1. Finally, the expression of HMGA1 was enhanced significantly in the ligated artery, especially in the neointima area. Conclusion HMGA1 plays an essential role in the phenotypic modulation of VSMCs. Therefore, paracrine factors such as PDGF may affect vascular remodeling through the regulation of HMGA1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoojin Jung
- Gene and Cell Therapy Center for Vessel-Associated Disease, Medical Research Institute, and Department of Pharmacology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Hae Sun Lee
- Gene and Cell Therapy Center for Vessel-Associated Disease, Medical Research Institute, and Department of Pharmacology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Jung Min Ha
- Gene and Cell Therapy Center for Vessel-Associated Disease, Medical Research Institute, and Department of Pharmacology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Seo Yeon Jin
- Gene and Cell Therapy Center for Vessel-Associated Disease, Medical Research Institute, and Department of Pharmacology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Hye Jin Kum
- Gene and Cell Therapy Center for Vessel-Associated Disease, Medical Research Institute, and Department of Pharmacology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Farzaneh Vafaeinik
- Gene and Cell Therapy Center for Vessel-Associated Disease, Medical Research Institute, and Department of Pharmacology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Hong Koo Ha
- Department of Urology, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Heon Song
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Korea
| | - Chi Dae Kim
- Gene and Cell Therapy Center for Vessel-Associated Disease, Medical Research Institute, and Department of Pharmacology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Sun Sik Bae
- Gene and Cell Therapy Center for Vessel-Associated Disease, Medical Research Institute, and Department of Pharmacology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Korea
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9
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Kim IY, Park YK, Song SH, Seong EY, Lee DW, Bae SS, Lee SB. Akt1 is involved in tubular apoptosis and inflammatory response during renal ischemia-reperfusion injury. Mol Biol Rep 2020; 47:9511-9520. [PMID: 33247386 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-020-06021-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Renal ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) is one of the major causes of acute kidney injury (AKI). Although Akt is involved in renal IRI, it is unclear as to which Akt isoform plays an important role in renal IRI. In this study, we investigated the role of Akt1 in renal IRI. We subjected the C57BL/6 male mice to unilateral IRI with contralateral nephrectomy. Two days after IRI, IRI-kidneys were harvested. The mice were divided into four groups: wild type (WT) IRI, Akt1-/- IRI, WT sham, and Akt1-/- sham. We found that Akt1, not Akt2 or Akt3, was markedly activated in WT IRI than in WT sham mice. The histologic damage score and serum creatinine level significantly increased in WT IRI mice, the increase being the highest in Akt1-/- IRI mice. The number of TdT-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL)-positive tubular cells and expression of cleaved caspase-3/Bax were higher in Akt1-/- IRI mice than in WT IRI mice. The expression of Bcl-2 was lower in Akt1-/- IRI mice than in WT IRI mice. The expression of tumor necrosis factor-α/interleukin-6/interleukin-1β and number of F4/80-positive macrophages were markedly higher in Akt1-/- IRI than in WT IRI mice. The expression of phosphorylated nuclear factor-κB p65 was also higher in Akt1-/- IRI mice than in WT IRI mice. Our results show that Akt1 deletion exacerbates kidney damage as it increases tubular apoptosis and inflammatory response during renal IRI. Akt1 could be a potential therapeutic target for developing treatments against IRI-induced AKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Il Young Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Republic of Korea.,Research Institute for Convergence of Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeon Kyeong Park
- Research Institute for Convergence of Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Heon Song
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Republic of Korea.,Medical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Young Seong
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Republic of Korea.,Medical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Won Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Republic of Korea.,Research Institute for Convergence of Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Sik Bae
- MRC for Ischemic Tissue Regeneration, Medical Research Institute, and Department of Pharmacology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Bong Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Republic of Korea. .,Research Institute for Convergence of Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Republic of Korea.
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10
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Park JJ, Kwon YW, Kim JW, Park GT, Yoon JW, Kim YS, Kim DS, Kwon SM, Bae SS, Ko K, Kim CS, Kim JH. Coadministration of endothelial and smooth muscle cells derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells as a therapy for critical limb ischemia. Stem Cells Transl Med 2020; 10:414-426. [PMID: 33174379 PMCID: PMC7900584 DOI: 10.1002/sctm.20-0132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Critical limb ischemia is a condition in which tissue necrosis occurs due to arterial occlusion, resulting in limb amputation in severe cases. Both endothelial cells (ECs) and vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs) are needed for the regeneration of peripheral arteries in ischemic tissues. However, it is difficult to isolate and cultivate primary EC and SMC from patients for therapeutic angiogenesis. Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) are regarded as useful stem cells due to their pluripotent differentiation potential. In this study, we explored the therapeutic efficacy of human iPSC‐derived EC and iPSC‐derived SMC in peripheral artery disease model. After the induction of mesodermal differentiation of iPSC, CD34+ progenitor cells were isolated by magnetic‐activated cell sorting. Cultivation of the CD34+ progenitor cells in endothelial culture medium induced the expression of endothelial markers and phenotypes. Moreover, the CD34+ cells could be differentiated into SMC by cultivation in SMC culture medium. In a murine hindlimb ischemia model, cotransplantation of EC with SMC improved blood perfusion and increased the limb salvage rate in ischemic limbs compared to transplantation of either EC or SMC alone. Moreover, cotransplantation of EC and SMC stimulated angiogenesis and led to the formation of capillaries and arteries/arterioles in vivo. Conditioned medium derived from SMC stimulated the migration, proliferation, and tubulation of EC in vitro, and these effects were recapitulated by exosomes isolated from the SMC‐conditioned medium. Together, these results suggest that iPSC‐derived SMC enhance the therapeutic efficacy of iPSC‐derived EC in peripheral artery disease via an exosome‐mediated paracrine mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Ju Park
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Yang Woo Kwon
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Won Kim
- Department of Cogno-Mechatronics Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyu Tae Park
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Won Yoon
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Ye Seul Kim
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Da Sol Kim
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Mo Kwon
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Sik Bae
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Kinarm Ko
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Seok Kim
- Department of Cogno-Mechatronics Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Ho Kim
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Republic of Korea.,Research Institute of Convergence Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
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11
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Heo SC, Kwon YW, Park GT, Kwon SM, Bae SS, Park BJ, Kim JH. Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Mediated Therapy of Peripheral Artery Disease Is Stimulated by a Lamin A-Progerin Binding Inhibitor. J Lipid Atheroscler 2020; 9:460-473. [PMID: 33024737 PMCID: PMC7521968 DOI: 10.12997/jla.2020.9.3.460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Human adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ASCs) have been reported to promote angiogenesis and tissue repair. However, poor survival and engraftment efficiency of transplanted ASCs are the major bottlenecks for therapeutic application. The present study aims to improve the therapeutic efficacy of ASCs for peripheral artery diseases. Methods Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) was used to induce apoptotic cell death in ASCs. To measure apoptosis, we used flow cytometry-based apoptosis analysis and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling staining. A murine hindlimb ischemia model was established to measure the ASC-mediated therapeutic angiogenesis and in vivo survival ability of ASCs. Results We identified that the inhibitor of lamin A-progerin binding, JH4, protects ASCs against H2O2-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis. Co-administration of ASCs with JH4 improved ASC-mediated blood reperfusion recovery and limb salvage compared to that of the control group in a mouse hind limb ischemia model. Immunofluorescence showed that JH4 treatment potentiated ASC-mediated vascular regeneration via reducing ASC apoptosis post transplantation. Conclusion JH4 exerts anti-apoptotic effects in ASCs in conditions of oxidative stress, and contributes to the repair of ischemic hind limb injury by improving cell survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soon Chul Heo
- Department of Oral Physiology and Periodontal Diseases Signaling Network Research Center, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University College of Medicine, Yangsan, Korea.,Department of Physiology, Pusan National University College of Medicine, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Yang Woo Kwon
- Department of Physiology, Pusan National University College of Medicine, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Gyu Tae Park
- Department of Physiology, Pusan National University College of Medicine, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Sang Mo Kwon
- Department of Physiology, Pusan National University College of Medicine, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Sun Sik Bae
- Department of Pharmacology, Pusan National University College of Medicine, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Bum-Joon Park
- Department of Molecular Biology, College of Natural Science, Pusan National University, Busan, Korea
| | - Jae Ho Kim
- Department of Physiology, Pusan National University College of Medicine, Yangsan, Korea.,Research Institute of Convergence Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Korea
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12
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Ri HS, Bae SS, Ha JM, Kim HY, Baek SH. The effect of desflurane on retinal angiogenesis in a mouse model of oxygen-induced retinopathy. J Anesth 2020; 34:352-357. [PMID: 32100118 DOI: 10.1007/s00540-020-02752-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 02/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is an ocular disorder that primarily occurs in premature infants and is the most common cause of vision impairment. This study examined the effect of desflurane on angiogenesis in a mouse model of oxygen-induced retinopathy (OIR). METHODS Mice were randomly allocated to the control (C), ROP control (Rc), or ROP with desflurane exposure (Rd) group. To induce ROP, 7-day-old mice were exposed to 75% oxygen in a chamber for 5 days [postnatal days (P) 7-12], and thereafter returned to room air. Age-matched mice exposed to room air formed the C group. The Rd group was exposed to 8% desflurane for 2 h on P12, P13, and P14 with 40% oxygen. To observe changes in angiogenesis of the retina, mice were sacrificed at P16. RESULTS The ratio of avascular area/total retinal area was not changed significantly in the Rd group, compared to the Rc group. The expression of endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A) and hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) in the Rd group and Rc group was not significantly different. CONCLUSIONS Desflurane does not have a significant influence on retinal angiogenesis via HIF-1α and VEGF-A expression in the OIR mouse model. However, these findings are not directly applicable to premature infants, and it is thus necessary to perform further studies to determine the effect of desflurane on angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Su Ri
- Department of Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Geumo-ro 20, Yangsan, 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Sik Bae
- Department of Pharmacology, Gene and Cell Therapy Center for Vessel-Associated Disease, Medical Research Institute, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busandaehak-ro 49, Mulgeum-eup, Yangsan, 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Min Ha
- Department of Pharmacology, Gene and Cell Therapy Center for Vessel-Associated Disease, Medical Research Institute, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busandaehak-ro 49, Mulgeum-eup, Yangsan, 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Young Kim
- Department of Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Geumo-ro 20, Yangsan, 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Hoon Baek
- Department of Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Geumo-ro 20, Yangsan, 50612, Republic of Korea.
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13
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Park SM, Kim J, Hong CM, Shin DH, Kim JY, Park DY, Sohn DH, Kim YH, Kwon SM, Kim JH, Bae SS, Kim K, Kim CD, Kang CD, Lee D. SIRT1 is dispensable for maturation of hematopoietic stem cell in the bone marrow niche. Exp Ther Med 2019; 18:2341-2345. [PMID: 31452717 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2019.7813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) is a histone deacetylase implicated in stem cell homeostasis. Conditional Sirt1 deletion in the hematopoietic stem and progenitor system promotes hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell (HSPC) expansion under stress conditions. In addition, SIRT1 activators modulate the capacity and HSPC numbers in the bone marrow (BM). To investigate the role of SIRT1 in the BM niche, a conditional Sirt1 deletion in the BM niche was generated in a mouse model for the present study. Multicolor flow cytometric analyses were performed to determine HSC cell populations. Using 5-fluorouracil-induced proliferative stress, a survival curve was produced. In the present study, Sirt1 deletion in the BM niche demonstrated that the production of mature blood cells, lineage distribution within hematopoietic organs and frequencies of HSPC populations were comparable to those of controls. Additionally, Sirt1 deletion in the BM niche did not perturb HSC maturation under stress induced by transplantation. Therefore, these observations suggest that SIRT1 serves a dispensable role in HSC maturation in the BM niche.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Min Park
- Department of Convergence Medical Science, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Gyeongsangnam-do 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Jayoung Kim
- Department of Convergence Medical Science, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Gyeongsangnam-do 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Chae Mi Hong
- Department of Convergence Medical Science, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Gyeongsangnam-do 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Hoon Shin
- Department of Pathology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Gyeongsangnam-do 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Jee Yeon Kim
- Department of Pathology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Gyeongsangnam-do 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Do Youn Park
- Department of Pathology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Gyeongsangnam-do 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Hyun Sohn
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Gyeongsangnam-do 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun Hak Kim
- Department of Anatomy and Biomedical Informatics, Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Gyeongsangnam-do 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Mo Kwon
- Department of Physiology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Gyeongsangnam-do 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Ho Kim
- Department of Physiology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Gyeongsangnam-do 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Sik Bae
- Department of Pharmacology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Gyeongsangnam-do 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Koanhoi Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Gyeongsangnam-do 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Chi Dae Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Gyeongsangnam-do 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Chi-Dug Kang
- Department of Convergence Medical Science, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Gyeongsangnam-do 50612, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biochemistry, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Gyeongsangnam-do 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongjun Lee
- Department of Convergence Medical Science, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Gyeongsangnam-do 50612, Republic of Korea
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14
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Ha JM, Jin SY, Lee HS, Vafaeinik F, Jung YJ, Keum HJ, Song SH, Lee DH, Kim CD, Bae SS. Vascular leakage caused by loss of Akt1 is associated with impaired mural cell coverage. FEBS Open Bio 2019; 9:801-813. [PMID: 30984553 PMCID: PMC6443864 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.12621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis plays a critical role in embryo development, tissue repair, tumor growth and wound healing. In the present study, we investigated the role of the serine/threonine kinase Akt in angiogenesis. Silencing of Akt1 in human umbilical vein endothelial cells significantly inhibited vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-induced capillary-like tube formation. Mice lacking Akt1 exhibited impaired retinal angiogenesis with delayed endothelial cell (EC) proliferation. In addition, VEGF-induced corneal angiogenesis and tumor development were significantly inhibited in mice lacking Akt1. Loss of Akt1 resulted in reduced angiogenic sprouting, as well as the proliferation of ECs and mural cells. Addition of culture supernatant of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) in which Akt1 was silenced suppressed tube formation, the stability of preformed tubes and the proliferation of ECs. In addition, attachment of VSMCs to ECs was significantly reduced in cells in which Akt1 was silenced. Mural cell coverage of retinal vasculature was reduced in mice lacking Akt1. Finally, mice lacking Akt1 showed severe retinal hemorrhage compared to the wild-type. These results suggest that the regulation of EC function and mural cell coverage by Akt1 is important for blood vessel maturation during angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Min Ha
- Biomedical Research Institute Gene and Cell Therapy Center for Vessel Associated Disease Department of Pharmacology Pusan National University School of Medicine Yangsan Korea
| | - Seo Yeon Jin
- Biomedical Research Institute Gene and Cell Therapy Center for Vessel Associated Disease Department of Pharmacology Pusan National University School of Medicine Yangsan Korea
| | - Hye Sun Lee
- Biomedical Research Institute Gene and Cell Therapy Center for Vessel Associated Disease Department of Pharmacology Pusan National University School of Medicine Yangsan Korea
| | - Farzaneh Vafaeinik
- Biomedical Research Institute Gene and Cell Therapy Center for Vessel Associated Disease Department of Pharmacology Pusan National University School of Medicine Yangsan Korea
| | - Yoo Jin Jung
- Biomedical Research Institute Gene and Cell Therapy Center for Vessel Associated Disease Department of Pharmacology Pusan National University School of Medicine Yangsan Korea
| | - Hye Jin Keum
- Biomedical Research Institute Gene and Cell Therapy Center for Vessel Associated Disease Department of Pharmacology Pusan National University School of Medicine Yangsan Korea
| | - Sang Heon Song
- Biomedical Research Institute Department of Internal Medicine Pusan National University Hospital Busan Korea
| | - Dong Hyung Lee
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital Korea
| | - Chi Dae Kim
- Biomedical Research Institute Gene and Cell Therapy Center for Vessel Associated Disease Department of Pharmacology Pusan National University School of Medicine Yangsan Korea
| | - Sun Sik Bae
- Biomedical Research Institute Gene and Cell Therapy Center for Vessel Associated Disease Department of Pharmacology Pusan National University School of Medicine Yangsan Korea
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15
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Rhee H, Han M, Kim SS, Kim IY, Lee HW, Bae SS, Ha HK, Jung ES, Lee MY, Seong EY, Lee DW, Lee SB, Lovett DH, Song SH. The expression of two isoforms of matrix metalloproteinase-2 in aged mouse models of diabetes mellitus and chronic kidney disease. Kidney Res Clin Pract 2018; 37:222-229. [PMID: 30254846 PMCID: PMC6147188 DOI: 10.23876/j.krcp.2018.37.3.222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Revised: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This study was undertaken to explore the effects of aging on the kidneys in mouse models of diabetes and chronic kidney disease (CKD), and to compare the expression of two isoforms of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2)–secretory full-length MMP-2 and intracellular N-terminal truncated MMP-2 (NTT-MMP-2)–in these models. Methods Two experimental ICR mouse models were used: a streptozotocin (STZ)-induced type 1 diabetes mellitus model and a 5/6 nephrectomized (5/6Nx) CKD model. The abundance of each isoform of MMP-2 was determined by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), and functional analyses were conducted. Moreover, the protein levels of the two MMP-2 isoforms were determined semi-quantitatively by immunohistochemical staining, and their association with tissue damage was assessed. Results Both isoforms of MMP-2 were upregulated in the kidney tissues of STZ-induced diabetic mice and 5/6Nx mice, irrespective of age. Characteristically, NTT-MMP-2 protein expression was elevated in old control mice, in line with the qPCR results. NTT-MMP-2 expression was limited to the renal cortex, and to the tubulointerstitial area rather than the glomerular area. In terms of tissue damage, tubulointerstitial fibrosis was more severe in old 5/6Nx mice than in their young counterparts, whereas glomerulosclerosis was comparable in old and young 5/6Nx mice. Conclusion The intracellular isoform of MMP-2 was induced by ageing, irrespective of the presence of diabetes or CKD, and its induction may be related to tubulointerstitial fibrosis in chronic kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harin Rhee
- Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Korea
| | - Miyeun Han
- Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Korea
| | - Sang Soo Kim
- Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Korea
| | - Il Young Kim
- Research Institute for Convergence of Biomedical Science and Technology and Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Hye Won Lee
- Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Korea
| | - Sun Sik Bae
- Medical Research Center for Ischemic Tissue Regeneration, Medical Research Institute, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Korea.,Department of Pharmacology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Hong Koo Ha
- Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Korea.,Department of Urology, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Korea
| | - Eun Soon Jung
- Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Korea
| | - Min Young Lee
- Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Korea
| | - Eun Young Seong
- Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Korea
| | - Dong Won Lee
- Research Institute for Convergence of Biomedical Science and Technology and Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Soo Bong Lee
- Research Institute for Convergence of Biomedical Science and Technology and Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Korea
| | - David H Lovett
- Department of Medicine, San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center, University of California, San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Sang Heon Song
- Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Korea
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16
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Kim IY, Kim SS, Lee HW, Bae SS, Ha HK, Jung ES, Lee MY, Han M, Rhee H, Seong EY, Lee DW, Lee SB, Lovett DH, Song SH. The two isoforms of matrix metalloproteinase- 2 have distinct renal spatial and temporal distributions in murine models of types 1 and 2 diabetes mellitus. BMC Nephrol 2018; 19:248. [PMID: 30253743 PMCID: PMC6156952 DOI: 10.1186/s12882-018-1029-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 08/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background We recently reported on the enhanced tubular expression of two discrete isoforms of the MMP-2 (full length and N-terminal truncated, FL-MMP-2, NTT-MMP-2) in a murine model and human diabetic kidneys. In the present study, we examined in more detail the temporal and spatial distributions of MMP-2 isoform expression in murine models of Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes mellitus. Methods Diabetic models were streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes (Type 1 diabetes mellitus) and db/db mice (Type 2 diabetes mellitus). We quantified the abundance of two isoforms of MMP-2 transcripts by qPCR. A spatial distribution of two isoforms of MMP-2 was analyzed semi-quantitatively according to time after injection of STZ and with increasing age of db/db mice. Furthermore, immunohistochemistry for nitrotyrosine was performed to examine a potential association between oxidative stress and MMP-2 isoform expression. Results Both isoforms of MMP-2 were upregulated in whole kidneys from STZ and db/db mice. In the case of FL-MMP-2, mRNA levels significantly increased at 12 and 24 weeks in STZ mice, while the isoform expression was significantly increased only at 16 weeks, in the db/db mice. FL-MMP-2 protein levels increased in the cortices and outer medullae of both STZ and db/db mice as a function of the duration of diabetes. For NTT-MMP-2, mRNA levels increased earlier at 4 weeks in STZ mice and at 10 weeks of age in db/db mice. The expression of NTT-MMP-2 also increased, primarily in the cortices of STZ and db/db mice, as a function of the duration of diabetes. Quantitatively, these findings were consistent with the qPCR results in the case of NTT-MMP-2, respectively (STZ 24 weeks, 3.24 ± 3.70 fold; 16 weeks db/db, 4.49 ± 0.55 fold). In addition, nitrotyrosine was expressed primarily in cortex as compared to medulla as a function of the duration of diabetes similar to NTT-MMP-2 expression. Conclusions Two isoforms of MMP-2 are highly inducible in two diabetic murine models and become more abundant as a function of time. As the expression patterns were not the same in the two isoforms of MMP-2, it is possible that each isoform has a discrete role in the development of diabetic renal injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Il Young Kim
- Research Institute for Convergence of Biomedical Science and Technology and Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Gyeongsangnamdo, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Soo Kim
- Biomedical Research Institute and Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University Hospital, Gudeok-ro 179 Seo-gu, Busan, 49241, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Won Lee
- Biomedical Research Institute and Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University Hospital, Gudeok-ro 179 Seo-gu, Busan, 49241, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Sik Bae
- MRC for Ischemic Tissue Regeneration, Medical Research Institute, and Department of Pharmacology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong Koo Ha
- Biomedical Research Institute and Department of Urology, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Soon Jung
- Biomedical Research Institute and Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University Hospital, Gudeok-ro 179 Seo-gu, Busan, 49241, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Young Lee
- Biomedical Research Institute and Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University Hospital, Gudeok-ro 179 Seo-gu, Busan, 49241, Republic of Korea
| | - Miyeun Han
- Biomedical Research Institute and Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University Hospital, Gudeok-ro 179 Seo-gu, Busan, 49241, Republic of Korea
| | - Harin Rhee
- Biomedical Research Institute and Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University Hospital, Gudeok-ro 179 Seo-gu, Busan, 49241, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Young Seong
- Biomedical Research Institute and Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University Hospital, Gudeok-ro 179 Seo-gu, Busan, 49241, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Won Lee
- Research Institute for Convergence of Biomedical Science and Technology and Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Gyeongsangnamdo, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Bong Lee
- Research Institute for Convergence of Biomedical Science and Technology and Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Gyeongsangnamdo, Republic of Korea
| | - David H Lovett
- The Department of Medicine, San Francisco Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, University of California San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Sang Heon Song
- Biomedical Research Institute and Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University Hospital, Gudeok-ro 179 Seo-gu, Busan, 49241, Republic of Korea.
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Park HJ, Kim MK, Kim Y, Bae SS, Kim HJ, Bae SK, Bae MK. Gastrin-releasing peptide promotes the migration of vascular smooth muscle cells through upregulation of matrix metalloproteinase-2 and -9. BMB Rep 2018; 50:628-633. [PMID: 29065966 PMCID: PMC5749909 DOI: 10.5483/bmbrep.2017.50.12.158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP) has been reported to be implicated in the pathogenesis of inflammatory disorders. The migration and proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) are key components of vascular inflammation that leads to the development of atherosclerosis. The present study aimed to investigate the molecular effect of GRP on VSMC proliferation and migration. We report that GRP significantly enhanced the proliferation and migration of rat VSMCs. GRP increased mRNA and protein expression of matrix metalloproteinase-2 and -9 (MMP-2/9) in VSMCs. The induction of MMP-2/9 by GRP was regulated by the activation of the signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 (STAT3). In addition, STAT3-knockdown of VSMCs by siRNA or blockade of the GRP receptor inhibited GRP-induced migration of VSMCs. Taken together, our findings indicate that GRP promotes the migration of VSMCs through upregulation of MMP-2/9 via STAT3 activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Joo Park
- Department of Oral Physiology, BK21 PLUS Project, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50610, Korea
| | - Mi-Kyoung Kim
- Department of Oral Physiology, BK21 PLUS Project, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50610, Korea
| | - Yeon Kim
- Department of Oral Physiology, BK21 PLUS Project, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50610, Korea
| | - Sun Sik Bae
- Department of Pharmacology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50610, Korea
| | - Hyung Joon Kim
- Department of Oral Physiology, BK21 PLUS Project, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50610, Korea
| | - Soo-Kyung Bae
- Department of Dental Pharmacology, BK21 PLUS Project, School of Dentistry, Yangsan 50610, Korea
| | - Moon-Kyoung Bae
- Department of Oral Physiology, BK21 PLUS Project, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50610, Korea
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18
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Kim EJ, Park SY, Baek SE, Jang MA, Lee WS, Bae SS, Kim K, Kim CD. HMGB1 Increases IL-1β Production in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells via NLRP3 Inflammasome. Front Physiol 2018; 9:313. [PMID: 29643819 PMCID: PMC5882820 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) are the major cell type in the blood vessel walls, and their phenotypic modulation is a key cellular event driving vascular remodeling. Although high mobility group box-1 (HMGB1) plays a pivotal role in inflammatory processes after vascular injuries, the importance of the links between VSMCs, HMGB1 and vascular inflammation has not been clarified. To prove the hypothesis that VSMCs might be active players in vascular inflammation by secreting inflammatory cytokines, we investigated the proinflammatory effects of HMGB1 and its intermediary signaling pathways in VSMCs. When cultured human VSMCs were stimulated with HMGB1 (10–500 ng/ml), IL-1β production was markedly increased. HMGB1 also increased the expression of NLRP3 inflammasome components including NLRP3, ASC and caspase-1. Among these components, HMGB1-induced expressions of NLRP3 and caspase-1 were markedly attenuated in TLR2 siRNA-transfected cells, whereas ASC and caspase-1 expressions were reduced in RAGE-deficient cells. In TLR4-deficient cells, HMGB1-induced caspase-1 expression was significantly attenuated. Moreover, IL-1β production in HMGB1-stimulated cells was significantly reduced in cells transfected with caspase-1 siRNA as well as in cells treated with monoclonal antibodies or siRNAs for TLR2, TLR4 and RAGE. Overall, this study identified a pivotal role for NLRP3 inflammasome and its receptor signaling involved in the production of IL-1β in VSMCs stimulated with HMGB1. Thus, targeting HMGB1 signaling in VSMCs offers a promising therapeutic strategy for treating vascular remodeling diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Jung Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, South Korea.,Gene and Cell Therapy Research Center for Vessel-associated Diseases, Pusan National University, Yangsan, South Korea
| | - So Youn Park
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, South Korea.,Gene and Cell Therapy Research Center for Vessel-associated Diseases, Pusan National University, Yangsan, South Korea
| | - Seung Eun Baek
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, South Korea.,Gene and Cell Therapy Research Center for Vessel-associated Diseases, Pusan National University, Yangsan, South Korea
| | - Min A Jang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, South Korea.,Gene and Cell Therapy Research Center for Vessel-associated Diseases, Pusan National University, Yangsan, South Korea
| | - Won Suk Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, South Korea
| | - Sun Sik Bae
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, South Korea.,Gene and Cell Therapy Research Center for Vessel-associated Diseases, Pusan National University, Yangsan, South Korea
| | - Koanhoi Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, South Korea
| | - Chi Dae Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, South Korea.,Gene and Cell Therapy Research Center for Vessel-associated Diseases, Pusan National University, Yangsan, South Korea
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19
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Kim BY, Son Y, Lee J, Choi J, Kim CD, Bae SS, Eo SK, Kim K. Dexamethasone inhibits activation of monocytes/macrophages in a milieu rich in 27-oxygenated cholesterol. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0189643. [PMID: 29236764 PMCID: PMC5728574 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0189643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Molecular mechanisms underlying the decreased number of macrophages and T cells in the arteries of cholesterol-fed-rabbits following dexamethasone administration are unknown. We investigated the possibility that dexamethasone could affect activation of monocytic cells induced by oxygenated derivatives of cholesterol (oxysterols) using THP-1 monocyte/macrophage cells. 27-Hydroxycholesterol (27OHChol), an oxysterol elevated with hypercholesterolemia, enhanced production of CCL2, known as MCP1, chemokine from monocytes/macrophages and migration of the monocytic cells, but the CCL2 production and the cell migration were reduced by treatment with dexamethasone. Dexamethasone inhibited superproduction of CCL2 induced by 27OHChol plus LPS and attenuated transcription of matrix metalloproteinase 9 as well as secretion of its active gene product induced by 27OHChol. The drug downregulated cellular and surface levels of CD14 and blocked release of soluble CD14 without altering transcription of the gene. Dexamethasone also inhibited expression and phosphorylation of the NF-κB p65 subunit enhanced by 27OHChol. Collectively, these results indicate that dexamethasone inhibits activation of monocytes/macrophages in response to 27OHChol, thereby leading to decreased migration of inflammatory cells in milieu rich in oxygenated derivatives of cholesterol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo-Young Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, Pusan National University—School of Medicine, Yangsan, Gyeongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Yonghae Son
- Department of Pharmacology, Pusan National University—School of Medicine, Yangsan, Gyeongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeonga Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, Pusan National University—School of Medicine, Yangsan, Gyeongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeongyoon Choi
- Department of Pharmacology, Pusan National University—School of Medicine, Yangsan, Gyeongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Chi Dae Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, Pusan National University—School of Medicine, Yangsan, Gyeongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Sik Bae
- Department of Pharmacology, Pusan National University—School of Medicine, Yangsan, Gyeongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Kug Eo
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Bio-Safety Research Institute, Chonbuk National University, Iksan, Jeonbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Koanhoi Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, Pusan National University—School of Medicine, Yangsan, Gyeongnam, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail:
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20
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Kim YY, Jee HJ, Um JH, Kim YM, Bae SS, Yun J. Cooperation between p21 and Akt is required for p53-dependent cellular senescence. Aging Cell 2017; 16:1094-1103. [PMID: 28691365 PMCID: PMC5595696 DOI: 10.1111/acel.12639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular senescence has been implicated in normal aging, tissue homeostasis, and tumor suppression. Although p53 has been shown to be a central mediator of cellular senescence, the signaling pathway by which it induces senescence remains incompletely understood. In this study, we have shown that both Akt and p21 are required to induce cellular senescence in response to p53 expression. In a p53-induced senescence model, we found that Akt activation was essential for inducing a cellular senescence phenotype. Surprisingly, Akt inhibition did not abolish p53-induced cell cycle arrest, but it suppressed the increase in intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels. The results of the cell cycle and morphological analysis suggest that p53 induced quiescence, not senescence, following Akt inhibition. Conversely, the inhibition of p21 induction abolished cell cycle arrest but did not affect the p53-induced increase in ROS levels. Additionally, p21 and Akt separately controlled cell cycle arrest and ROS levels, respectively, during H-Ras-induced senescence in human normal fibroblasts. The mechanistic analysis revealed that Akt increased ROS levels through NOX4 induction, and increased Akt-dependent NF-κB binding to the NOX4 promoter is responsible for NOX4 induction upon p53 expression. We further showed that Akt activation upon p53 expression is mediated by mammalian target of rapamycin complex 2. In addition, p53-mediated IL6 and IL8 induction was abrogated by Akt inhibition, suggesting that Akt activation is also required for the senescence-associated secretory phenotype. Collectively, these results suggest that p53 simultaneously controls multiple pathways to induce cellular senescence through p21 and Akt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Yeon Kim
- Peripheral Neuropathy Research Center; College of Medicine; Dong-A University; Busan 49201 Korea
- Department of Biochemistry; College of Medicine; Dong-A University; Busan 49201 Korea
| | - Hye Jin Jee
- Peripheral Neuropathy Research Center; College of Medicine; Dong-A University; Busan 49201 Korea
- Department of Biochemistry; College of Medicine; Dong-A University; Busan 49201 Korea
| | - Jee-Hyun Um
- Peripheral Neuropathy Research Center; College of Medicine; Dong-A University; Busan 49201 Korea
- Department of Biochemistry; College of Medicine; Dong-A University; Busan 49201 Korea
| | - Young Mi Kim
- Peripheral Neuropathy Research Center; College of Medicine; Dong-A University; Busan 49201 Korea
- Department of Biochemistry; College of Medicine; Dong-A University; Busan 49201 Korea
| | - Sun Sik Bae
- Department of Pharmacology; School of Medicine; Pusan National University; Yangsan-si 602-739 Korea
| | - Jeanho Yun
- Peripheral Neuropathy Research Center; College of Medicine; Dong-A University; Busan 49201 Korea
- Department of Biochemistry; College of Medicine; Dong-A University; Busan 49201 Korea
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21
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Park SY, Lee SW, Lee SY, Hong KW, Bae SS, Kim K, Kim CD. SIRT1/Adenosine Monophosphate-Activated Protein Kinase α Signaling Enhances Macrophage Polarization to an Anti-inflammatory Phenotype in Rheumatoid Arthritis. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1135. [PMID: 28966618 PMCID: PMC5605563 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are crucially involved in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Macrophages of the M1 phenotype act as pro-inflammatory mediators in synovium, whereas those of the M2 phenotype suppress inflammation and promote tissue repair. SIRT1 is a class 3 histone deacetylase with anti-inflammatory characteristics. However, the role played by SIRT1 in macrophage polarization has not been defined in RA. We investigated whether SIRT1 exerts anti-inflammatory effects by modulating M1/M2 polarization in macrophages from RA patients. In this study, SIRT1 activation promoted the phosphorylation of an adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) α/acetyl-CoA carboxylase in macrophages exposed to interleukin (IL)-4, and that this resulted in the expressions of M2 genes, including MDC, FcεRII, MrC1, and IL-10, at high levels. Furthermore, these expressions were inhibited by sirtinol (an inhibitor of SIRT1) and compound C (an inhibitor of AMPK). Moreover, SIRT1 activation downregulated LPS/interferon γ-mediated NF-κB activity by inhibiting p65 acetylation and the expression of M1 genes, such as CCL2, iNOS, IL-12 p35, and IL-12 p40. Macrophages from SIRT1 transgenic (Tg)-mice exhibited enhanced polarization of M2 phenotype macrophages and reduced polarization of M1 phenotype macrophages. In line with these observations, SIRT1-Tg mice showed less histological signs of arthritis, that is, lower TNFα and IL-1β expressions and less severe arthritis in the knee joints, compared to wild-type mice. Taken together, the study shows activation of SIRT1/AMPKα signaling exerts anti-inflammatory activities by regulating M1/M2 polarization, and thereby reduces inflammatory responses in RA. Furthermore, it suggests that SIRT1 signaling be viewed as a therapeutic target in RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- So Youn Park
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Gyeongsangnam-do, South Korea.,Gene and Cell Therapy Research Center for Vessel-Associated Diseases, Pusan National University, Gyeongsangnam-do, South Korea
| | - Sung Won Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Dong-A University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Sang Yeob Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Dong-A University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Ki Whan Hong
- Gene and Cell Therapy Research Center for Vessel-Associated Diseases, Pusan National University, Gyeongsangnam-do, South Korea
| | - Sun Sik Bae
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Gyeongsangnam-do, South Korea.,Gene and Cell Therapy Research Center for Vessel-Associated Diseases, Pusan National University, Gyeongsangnam-do, South Korea
| | - Koanhoi Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Gyeongsangnam-do, South Korea
| | - Chi Dae Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Gyeongsangnam-do, South Korea.,Gene and Cell Therapy Research Center for Vessel-Associated Diseases, Pusan National University, Gyeongsangnam-do, South Korea
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22
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Oh YS, Heo K, Kim EK, Jang JH, Bae SS, Park JB, Kim YH, Song M, Kim SR, Ryu SH, Kim IH, Suh PG. Dynamic relocalization of NHERF1 mediates chemotactic migration of ovarian cancer cells toward lysophosphatidic acid stimulation. Exp Mol Med 2017; 49:e351. [PMID: 28684865 PMCID: PMC5565956 DOI: 10.1038/emm.2017.88] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Revised: 12/28/2016] [Accepted: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
NHERF1/EBP50 (Na+/H+ exchanger regulating
factor 1; Ezrin-binding phosphoprotein of 50 kDa) organizes stable
protein complexes beneath the apical membrane of polar epithelial cells. By
contrast, in cancer cells without any fixed polarity, NHERF1 often localizes in
the cytoplasm. The regulation of cytoplasmic NHERF1 and its role in cancer
progression remain unclear. In this study, we found that, upon lysophosphatidic
acid (LPA) stimulation, cytoplasmic NHERF1 rapidly translocated to the plasma
membrane, and subsequently to cortical protrusion structures, of ovarian cancer
cells. This movement depended on direct binding of NHERF1 to C-terminally
phosphorylated ERM proteins (cpERMs). Moreover, NHERF1 depletion downregulated
cpERMs and further impaired cpERM-dependent remodeling of the cell cortex,
suggesting reciprocal regulation between these proteins. The LPA-induced protein
complex was highly enriched in migratory pseudopodia, whose formation was
impaired by overexpression of NHERF1 truncation mutants. Consistent with this,
NHERF1 depletion in various types of cancer cells abolished chemotactic cell
migration toward a LPA gradient. Taken together, our findings suggest that the
high dynamics of cytosolic NHERF1 provide cancer cells with a means of
controlling chemotactic migration. This capacity is likely to be essential for
ovarian cancer progression in tumor microenvironments containing LPA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Seok Oh
- Department of Brain-Cognitive Science, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyun Heo
- Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Eung-Kyun Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Hyeok Jang
- Department of Brain-Cognitive Science, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Sik Bae
- MRC for Ischemic Tissue Regeneration, Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Bae Park
- Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Republic of Korea.,Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun Hee Kim
- Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Republic of Korea.,Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Minseok Song
- Synaptic Circuit Plasticity Laboratory, Department of Structure and Function of Neural Network, Korea Brain Research Institute, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Ryong Kim
- School of Life Sciences, BK21 Plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Institute of Life Science and Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Ho Ryu
- Division of Molecular and Life Science, Department of Life Science, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Hoo Kim
- Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Republic of Korea.,Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Pann-Ghill Suh
- Department of Biological Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, Republic of Korea
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Baek SE, Jang MA, Lee SJ, Park SY, Bae SS, Kim CD. 5-Lipoxygenase in monocytes emerges as a therapeutic target for intimal hyperplasia in a murine wire-injured femoral artery. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2017. [PMID: 28645655 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2017.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Given the importance of leukotrienes in vascular inflammation induced by local tissue injury, this study investigated the role for 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO) in monocytes in the development of intimal hyperplasia. As a mechanistic study, the importance of monocyte 5-LO in monocyte-macrophage differentiation with subsequent infiltration in neointima was evaluated. In a mouse model of wire-injured femoral artery, intimal hyperplasia started as early as 2wks after injury, and luminal area and blood flow were reduced due to increased neointima formation. Time-dependent increases in macrophage infiltration were observed in neointima and showed a positive relationship with neointima volume. In 5-LO-deficient (KO) mice or wild-type (WT) mice treated with an inhibitor of 5-LO activating protein (MK886, 1 and 10mg/kg), intimal hyperplasia and macrophage infiltration into neointima were reduced, but monocyte adhesion to injured luminal surface was not inhibited, which suggested 5-LO participates in monocyte-macrophage differentiation. In an in vitro study, monocyte-macrophage differentiation was found to be increased by high mobility group box 1 protein (HMGB1), but this effect was attenuated in cells isolated from 5-LO-KO mice. Furthermore, macrophage infiltration and intimal hyperplasia were more prominent in 5-LO-KO mice transplanted with monocytes from WT mice than in 5-LO-KO mice transplanted with monocytes from 5-LO-KO mice. Taken together, it was suggested that 5-LO in monocytes played a pivotal role in monocyte-macrophage differentiation and subsequent infiltration of macrophage in neointima, leading to vascular remodeling after vascular injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Eun Baek
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine and Gene & Cell Therapy Research Center for Vessel-associated Diseases, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Gyeongnam 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Min A Jang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine and Gene & Cell Therapy Research Center for Vessel-associated Diseases, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Gyeongnam 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Jin Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Pusan 609-735, Republic of Korea
| | - So Youn Park
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine and Gene & Cell Therapy Research Center for Vessel-associated Diseases, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Gyeongnam 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Sik Bae
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine and Gene & Cell Therapy Research Center for Vessel-associated Diseases, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Gyeongnam 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Chi Dae Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine and Gene & Cell Therapy Research Center for Vessel-associated Diseases, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Gyeongnam 50612, Republic of Korea.
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24
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Kim SS, Shin N, Bae SS, Lee MY, Rhee H, Kim IY, Seong EY, Lee DW, Lee SB, Kwak IS, Lovett DH, Song SH. Enhanced expression of two discrete isoforms of matrix metalloproteinase-2 in experimental and human diabetic nephropathy. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0171625. [PMID: 28178341 PMCID: PMC5298282 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0171625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2016] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background We recently reported on the enhanced expression of two isoforms of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) in human renal transplantation delayed graft function. These consist of the conventional secreted, full length MMP-2 isoform (FL-MMP-2) and a novel intracellular N-Terminal Truncated isoform (NTT-MMP-2) generated by oxidative stress-mediated activation of an alternate promoter in the MMP-2 first intron. Here we evaluated the effect of hyperglycemia and diabetes mellitus on the in vitro and in vivo expression of the two MMP-2 isoforms. Methods We quantified the abundance of the FL-MMP-2 and NTT-MMP-2 transcripts by qPCR in HK2 cells cultured in high glucose or 4-hydroxy-2-hexenal (HHE) and tested the effects of the NF-κB inhibitor pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC). The streptozotocin (STZ) murine model of Type I diabetes mellitus and renal biopsies of human diabetic nephropathy were used in this study. Results Both isoforms of MMP-2 in HK2 cells were upregulated by culture in high glucose or with HHE. PDTC treatment did not suppress high glucose-mediated FL-MMP-2 expression but potently inhibited NTT-MMP-2 expression. With STZ-treated mice, renal cortical expression of both isoforms was increased (FL-MMP-2, 1.8-fold; NTT-MMP-2, greater than 7-fold). Isoform-specific immunohistochemical staining revealed low, but detectable levels of the FL-MMP-2 isoform in controls, while NTT-MMP-2 was not detected. While there was a modest increase in tubular epithelial cell staining for FL-MMP-2 in STZ-treated mice, NTT-MMP-2 was intensely expressed in a basolateral pattern. FL-MMP-2 and NTT-MMP-2 isoform expression as quantified by qPCR were both significantly elevated in renal biopsies of human diabetic nephropathy (12-fold and 3-fold, respectively). Conclusions The expression of both isoforms of MMP-2 was enhanced in an experimental model of diabetic nephropathy and in human diabetic nephropathy. Selective MMP-2 isoform inhibition could offer a novel approach for the treatment of diabetic renal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Soo Kim
- Biomedical Research Institute and Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Nari Shin
- Department of Pathology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Gyeongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Sik Bae
- MRC for Ischemic Tissue Regeneration, Medical Research Institute, and Department of Phamacology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Young Lee
- Biomedical Research Institute and Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Harin Rhee
- Biomedical Research Institute and Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Il Young Kim
- Research Institute for Convergence of Biomedical Science and Technology and Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Gyeongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Young Seong
- Biomedical Research Institute and Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Won Lee
- Research Institute for Convergence of Biomedical Science and Technology and Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Gyeongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Bong Lee
- Research Institute for Convergence of Biomedical Science and Technology and Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Gyeongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Ihm Soo Kwak
- Biomedical Research Institute and Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - David H. Lovett
- The Department of Medicine, San Francisco Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center/University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Sang Heon Song
- Biomedical Research Institute and Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail:
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Lee CH, Ku JY, Ha JM, Bae SS, Lee JZ, Kim CS, Ha HK. Transcript Levels of Androgen Receptor Variant 7 and Ubiquitin-Conjugating Enzyme 2C in Hormone Sensitive Prostate Cancer and Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer. Prostate 2017; 77:60-71. [PMID: 27550197 DOI: 10.1002/pros.23248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2016] [Accepted: 08/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study is designed to identify the androgen receptor variant 7 (AR-V7) status, clinical significance of AR-V7 in hormone sensitive prostate cancer (HSPC). Then, we evaluated AR-V7 and changes of its target gene, ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2C (UBE2C) which is an anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C)-specific ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme, in castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) in serial tumor biopsies from patients receiving androgen deprivation therapy. METHODS We used RT-PCR and Q-PCR assay to evaluate AR-V7, androgen receptor full length (AR-FL), and UBE2C in tumor biopsies from patients with HSPC and CRPC. We examined associations between mRNA expression of AR-V7 and clinicopathologic factors. Furthermore, to identify other potential genes involved in the development of CRPC, RNA sequencing was conducted, using paired prostate cancer (PCa) tissues obtained immediately prior to treatment and at the time of therapeutic resistance. RESULTS A total of 13 HSPC patients and three CRPC patients were enrolled. Neither a high Gleason score (score of 8 and 9) nor a high risk of PCa (a high risk of locally advanced PCa according to NCCN guidelines) was correlated with mRNA expression of AR-V7 in HSPC (P = 0.153 and P = 0.215). The mRNA expression of AR-FL, but not AR-V7, was significantly associated with the mRNA expression of UBE2C level in HSPC (P = 0.007). However, increased expression of AR-V7, not AR-FL, paralleled increased expression of UBE2C in the CRPC specimens (P = 0.03). AR-V7 expression status before ADT was likely related to shorter CRPC development in patients treating ADT. The result of the RNA-sequencing analysis using serial samples from the same patient before and after castration demonstrated an increased level of the PI3K regulatory subunit 1 (P = 0.018). CONCLUSION Our study revealed the role of UBE2C as a marker of the androgen signaling pathway in PCa. Differential gene expression analysis using serial samples from the same patient before and after castration revealed potential genes and pathways involved in development of CRPC. Further studies are needed to determine whether these genes and pathways are potential therapeutic target for CRPC. Prostate 77:60-71, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chan Ho Lee
- Department of Urology, Pusan National University Hospital, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Ja Yoon Ku
- Department of Urology, Pusan National University Hospital, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Min Ha
- Department of Pharmacology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Sik Bae
- Department of Pharmacology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Zoo Lee
- Department of Urology, Pusan National University Hospital, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Choung-Soo Kim
- Department of Urology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong Koo Ha
- Department of Urology, Pusan National University Hospital, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea
- Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea
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Ha JM, Yun SJ, Jin SY, Lee HS, Kim SJ, Shin HK, Bae SS. Regulation of vascular smooth muscle phenotype by cross-regulation of krüppel-like factors. Korean J Physiol Pharmacol 2016; 21:37-44. [PMID: 28066139 PMCID: PMC5214909 DOI: 10.4196/kjpp.2017.21.1.37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2016] [Revised: 07/28/2016] [Accepted: 08/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Regulation of vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) phenotype plays an essential role in many cardiovascular diseases. In the present study, we provide evidence that krüppel-like factor 8 (KLF8) is essential for tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα)-induced phenotypic conversion of VSMC obtained from thoracic aorta from 4-week-old SD rats. Stimulation of the contractile phenotype of VSMCs with TNFα significantly reduced the VSMC marker gene expression and KLF8. The gene expression of KLF8 was blocked by TNFα stimulation in an ERK-dependent manner. The promoter region of KLF8 contained putative Sp1, KLF4, and NFκB binding sites. Myocardin significantly enhanced the promoter activity of KLF4 and KLF8. The ectopic expression of KLF4 strongly enhanced the promoter activity of KLF8. Moreover, silencing of Akt1 significantly attenuated the promoter activity of KLF8; conversely, the overexpression of Akt1 significantly enhanced the promoter activity of KLF8. The promoter activity of SMA, SM22α, and KLF8 was significantly elevated in the contractile phenotype of VSMCs. The ectopic expression of KLF8 markedly enhanced the expression of SMA and SM22α concomitant with morphological changes. The overexpression of KLF8 stimulated the promoter activity of SMA. Stimulation of VSMCs with TNFα enhanced the expression of KLF5, and the promoter activity of KLF5 was markedly suppressed by KLF8 ectopic expression. Finally, the overexpression of KLF5 suppressed the promoter activity of SMA and SM22α, thereby reduced the contractility in response to the stimulation of angiotensin II. These results suggest that cross-regulation of KLF family of transcription factors plays an essential role in the VSMC phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Min Ha
- Gene and Cell Therapy for Vessel-Associated Disease, Medical Research Institute, Department of Pharmacology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan 50612, Korea
| | - Sung Ji Yun
- Gene and Cell Therapy for Vessel-Associated Disease, Medical Research Institute, Department of Pharmacology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan 50612, Korea
| | - Seo Yeon Jin
- Gene and Cell Therapy for Vessel-Associated Disease, Medical Research Institute, Department of Pharmacology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan 50612, Korea
| | - Hye Sun Lee
- Gene and Cell Therapy for Vessel-Associated Disease, Medical Research Institute, Department of Pharmacology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan 50612, Korea
| | - Sun Ja Kim
- Department of Physics, Dong-A University, Busan 49315, Korea
| | - Hwa Kyoung Shin
- Department of Anatomy, Pusan National University School of Korean Medicine, Yangsan 50612, Korea
| | - Sun Sik Bae
- Gene and Cell Therapy for Vessel-Associated Disease, Medical Research Institute, Department of Pharmacology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan 50612, Korea
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Lee JH, Lee SH, Lee HS, Ji ST, Jung SY, Kim JH, Bae SS, Kwon SM. Lnk is an important modulator of insulin-like growth factor-1/Akt/peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma axis during adipogenesis of mesenchymal stem cells. Korean J Physiol Pharmacol 2016; 20:459-66. [PMID: 27610032 PMCID: PMC5014992 DOI: 10.4196/kjpp.2016.20.5.459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2016] [Revised: 07/25/2016] [Accepted: 08/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Adipogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) is critical for metabolic homeostasis and nutrient signaling during development. However, limited information is available on the pivotal modulators of adipogenic differentiation of MSCs. Adaptor protein Lnk (Src homology 2B3 [SH2B3]), which belongs to a family of SH2-containing proteins, modulates the bioactivities of different stem cells, including hematopoietic stem cells and endothelial progenitor cells. In this study, we investigated whether an interaction between insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF-1R) and Lnk regulated IGF-1-induced adipogenic differentiation of MSCs. We found that wild-type MSCs showed greater adipogenic differentiation potential than Lnk–/– MSCs. An ex vivo adipogenic differentiation assay showed that Lnk–/– MSCs had decreased adipogenic differentiation potential compared with wild-type MSCs. Interestingly, we found that Lnk formed a complex with IGF-1R and that IGF-1 induced the dissociation of this complex. In addition, we observed that IGF-1-induced increase in the phosphorylation of Akt and mammalian target of rapamycin was triggered by the dissociation of the IGF-1R–Lnk complex. Expression levels of a pivotal transcription factor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-γ) and its adipogenic target genes (LPL and FABP4) significantly decreased in Lnk–/– MSCs. These results suggested that Lnk adaptor protein regulated the adipogenesis of MSCs through the IGF-1/Akt/PPAR-γ pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Hee Lee
- Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, Department of Neurology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Sang Hun Lee
- Medical Science Research Institute, Soonchunhyang University Seoul Hospital, Seoul 04401, Korea.; Department of Biochemistry, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Cheonan 31151, Korea
| | - Hyang Seon Lee
- Laboratory for Vascular Medicine and Stem Cell Biology, Medical Research Institute, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea
| | - Seung Taek Ji
- Laboratory for Vascular Medicine and Stem Cell Biology, Medical Research Institute, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea
| | - Seok Yun Jung
- Laboratory for Vascular Medicine and Stem Cell Biology, Medical Research Institute, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea
| | - Jae Ho Kim
- Department of Physiology, Pusan Natinoal University, Yangsan 50612, Korea.; Research Institute of Convergence Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University, Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan 50612, Korea
| | - Sun Sik Bae
- Department of Pharmacology, Gene and Cell Therapy Center for Vessel-Associated Disease, Medical Research Institute, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan 50612, Korea
| | - Sang-Mo Kwon
- Laboratory for Vascular Medicine and Stem Cell Biology, Medical Research Institute, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea
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Ha JM, Jin SY, Lee HS, Shin HK, Lee DH, Song SH, Kim CD, Bae SS. Regulation of retinal angiogenesis by endothelial nitric oxide synthase signaling pathway. Korean J Physiol Pharmacol 2016; 20:533-8. [PMID: 27610040 PMCID: PMC5015000 DOI: 10.4196/kjpp.2016.20.5.533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2016] [Revised: 06/27/2016] [Accepted: 07/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Angiogenesis plays an essential role in embryo development, tissue repair, inflammatory diseases, and tumor growth. In the present study, we showed that endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) regulates retinal angiogenesis. Mice that lack eNOS showed growth retardation, and retinal vessel development was significantly delayed. In addition, the number of tip cells and filopodia length were significantly reduced in mice lacking eNOS. Retinal endothelial cell proliferation was significantly blocked in mice lacking eNOS, and EMG-2-induced endothelial cell sprouting was significantly reduced in aortic vessels isolated from eNOS-deficient mice. Finally, pericyte recruitment to endothelial cells and vascular smooth muscle cell coverage to blood vessels were attenuated in mice lacking eNOS. Taken together, we suggest that the endothelial cell function and blood vessel maturation are regulated by eNOS during retinal angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Min Ha
- Gene and Cell Therapy Center for Vessel-Associated Disease, Medical Research Institute, and Department of Pharmacology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan 50612, Korea
| | - Seo Yeon Jin
- Gene and Cell Therapy Center for Vessel-Associated Disease, Medical Research Institute, and Department of Pharmacology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan 50612, Korea
| | - Hye Sun Lee
- Gene and Cell Therapy Center for Vessel-Associated Disease, Medical Research Institute, and Department of Pharmacology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan 50612, Korea
| | - Hwa Kyoung Shin
- Department of Anatomy, Pusan National University of Korean Medicine, Yangsan 50612, Korea
| | - Dong Hyung Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Pusan National University Hospital, Yangsan 50612, Korea
| | - Sang Heon Song
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan 49241, Korea
| | - Chi Dae Kim
- Gene and Cell Therapy Center for Vessel-Associated Disease, Medical Research Institute, and Department of Pharmacology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan 50612, Korea
| | - Sun Sik Bae
- Gene and Cell Therapy Center for Vessel-Associated Disease, Medical Research Institute, and Department of Pharmacology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan 50612, Korea
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Song SH, Kim K, Jo EK, Kim YW, Kwon JS, Bae SS, Sung JH, Park SG, Kim JT, Suh W. Fibroblast Growth Factor 12 Is a Novel Regulator of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Plasticity and Fate. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2016; 36:1928-36. [PMID: 27470512 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.116.308017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2016] [Accepted: 07/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) modulate their phenotype between synthetic and contractile states in response to environmental changes; this modulation plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of restenosis and atherosclerosis. Here, we identified fibroblast growth factor 12 (FGF12) as a novel key regulator of the VSMC phenotype switch. APPROACH AND RESULTS Using murine models and human specimens, we found that FGF12 was highly expressed in contractile VSMCs of normal vessel walls but was downregulated in synthetic VSMCs from injured and atherosclerotic vessels. In human VSMCs, FGF12 expression was inhibited at the transcriptional level by platelet-derived growth factor-BB. Gain- and loss-of-function experiments showed that FGF12 was both necessary and sufficient for inducing and maintaining the quiescent and contractile phenotypes of VSMCs. FGF12 inhibited cell proliferation through the p53 pathway and upregulated the key factors involved in VSMC lineage differentiation, such as myocardin and serum response factor. Such FGF12-induced phenotypic change was mediated by the p38 MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase) pathway. Moreover, FGF12 promoted the differentiation of mouse embryonic stem cells and the transdifferentiation of human dermal fibroblasts into SMC-like cells. Furthermore, adenoviral infection of FGF12 substantially decreased neointima hyperplasia in a rat carotid artery injury model. CONCLUSIONS In general, FGF family members induce a synthetic VSMC phenotype. Interestingly, the present study showed the unanticipated finding that FGF12 belonging to FGF family, strongly induced the quiescent and contractile VSMC phenotypes and directly promoted VSMC lineage differentiation. These novel findings suggested that FGF12 could be a new therapeutic target for treating restenosis and atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun-Hwa Song
- From the College of Pharmacy (S.-H.S., K.K., E.-K.J., W.S.), Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine (J.T.K.), Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Korea; Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (Y.-W.K.); Division of Cardiovascular and Rare Disease, Center for Biomedical Sciences, Korea National Institute of Health, Osong, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Korea (J.-S.K.); Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Gyeongnam, Korea (S.S.B.); College of Pharmacy, Yonsei University, Incheon, Korea (J.-H.S.); STEMORE Co. Ltd., Incheon, Korea (J.-H.S.); and College of Pharmacy, Ajou University, Suwon, Korea (S.G.P.)
| | - Kyungjong Kim
- From the College of Pharmacy (S.-H.S., K.K., E.-K.J., W.S.), Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine (J.T.K.), Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Korea; Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (Y.-W.K.); Division of Cardiovascular and Rare Disease, Center for Biomedical Sciences, Korea National Institute of Health, Osong, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Korea (J.-S.K.); Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Gyeongnam, Korea (S.S.B.); College of Pharmacy, Yonsei University, Incheon, Korea (J.-H.S.); STEMORE Co. Ltd., Incheon, Korea (J.-H.S.); and College of Pharmacy, Ajou University, Suwon, Korea (S.G.P.)
| | - Eun-Kyung Jo
- From the College of Pharmacy (S.-H.S., K.K., E.-K.J., W.S.), Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine (J.T.K.), Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Korea; Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (Y.-W.K.); Division of Cardiovascular and Rare Disease, Center for Biomedical Sciences, Korea National Institute of Health, Osong, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Korea (J.-S.K.); Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Gyeongnam, Korea (S.S.B.); College of Pharmacy, Yonsei University, Incheon, Korea (J.-H.S.); STEMORE Co. Ltd., Incheon, Korea (J.-H.S.); and College of Pharmacy, Ajou University, Suwon, Korea (S.G.P.)
| | - Young-Wook Kim
- From the College of Pharmacy (S.-H.S., K.K., E.-K.J., W.S.), Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine (J.T.K.), Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Korea; Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (Y.-W.K.); Division of Cardiovascular and Rare Disease, Center for Biomedical Sciences, Korea National Institute of Health, Osong, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Korea (J.-S.K.); Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Gyeongnam, Korea (S.S.B.); College of Pharmacy, Yonsei University, Incheon, Korea (J.-H.S.); STEMORE Co. Ltd., Incheon, Korea (J.-H.S.); and College of Pharmacy, Ajou University, Suwon, Korea (S.G.P.)
| | - Jin-Sook Kwon
- From the College of Pharmacy (S.-H.S., K.K., E.-K.J., W.S.), Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine (J.T.K.), Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Korea; Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (Y.-W.K.); Division of Cardiovascular and Rare Disease, Center for Biomedical Sciences, Korea National Institute of Health, Osong, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Korea (J.-S.K.); Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Gyeongnam, Korea (S.S.B.); College of Pharmacy, Yonsei University, Incheon, Korea (J.-H.S.); STEMORE Co. Ltd., Incheon, Korea (J.-H.S.); and College of Pharmacy, Ajou University, Suwon, Korea (S.G.P.)
| | - Sun Sik Bae
- From the College of Pharmacy (S.-H.S., K.K., E.-K.J., W.S.), Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine (J.T.K.), Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Korea; Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (Y.-W.K.); Division of Cardiovascular and Rare Disease, Center for Biomedical Sciences, Korea National Institute of Health, Osong, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Korea (J.-S.K.); Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Gyeongnam, Korea (S.S.B.); College of Pharmacy, Yonsei University, Incheon, Korea (J.-H.S.); STEMORE Co. Ltd., Incheon, Korea (J.-H.S.); and College of Pharmacy, Ajou University, Suwon, Korea (S.G.P.)
| | - Jong-Hyuk Sung
- From the College of Pharmacy (S.-H.S., K.K., E.-K.J., W.S.), Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine (J.T.K.), Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Korea; Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (Y.-W.K.); Division of Cardiovascular and Rare Disease, Center for Biomedical Sciences, Korea National Institute of Health, Osong, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Korea (J.-S.K.); Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Gyeongnam, Korea (S.S.B.); College of Pharmacy, Yonsei University, Incheon, Korea (J.-H.S.); STEMORE Co. Ltd., Incheon, Korea (J.-H.S.); and College of Pharmacy, Ajou University, Suwon, Korea (S.G.P.)
| | - Sang Gyu Park
- From the College of Pharmacy (S.-H.S., K.K., E.-K.J., W.S.), Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine (J.T.K.), Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Korea; Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (Y.-W.K.); Division of Cardiovascular and Rare Disease, Center for Biomedical Sciences, Korea National Institute of Health, Osong, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Korea (J.-S.K.); Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Gyeongnam, Korea (S.S.B.); College of Pharmacy, Yonsei University, Incheon, Korea (J.-H.S.); STEMORE Co. Ltd., Incheon, Korea (J.-H.S.); and College of Pharmacy, Ajou University, Suwon, Korea (S.G.P.)
| | - Jee Taek Kim
- From the College of Pharmacy (S.-H.S., K.K., E.-K.J., W.S.), Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine (J.T.K.), Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Korea; Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (Y.-W.K.); Division of Cardiovascular and Rare Disease, Center for Biomedical Sciences, Korea National Institute of Health, Osong, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Korea (J.-S.K.); Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Gyeongnam, Korea (S.S.B.); College of Pharmacy, Yonsei University, Incheon, Korea (J.-H.S.); STEMORE Co. Ltd., Incheon, Korea (J.-H.S.); and College of Pharmacy, Ajou University, Suwon, Korea (S.G.P.)
| | - Wonhee Suh
- From the College of Pharmacy (S.-H.S., K.K., E.-K.J., W.S.), Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine (J.T.K.), Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Korea; Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (Y.-W.K.); Division of Cardiovascular and Rare Disease, Center for Biomedical Sciences, Korea National Institute of Health, Osong, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Korea (J.-S.K.); Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Gyeongnam, Korea (S.S.B.); College of Pharmacy, Yonsei University, Incheon, Korea (J.-H.S.); STEMORE Co. Ltd., Incheon, Korea (J.-H.S.); and College of Pharmacy, Ajou University, Suwon, Korea (S.G.P.).
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Kim M, Kim YY, Jee HJ, Bae SS, Jeong NY, Um JH, Yun J. Akt3 knockdown induces mitochondrial dysfunction in human cancer cells. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2016; 48:447-53. [PMID: 26972278 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmw014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2015] [Accepted: 01/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Akt/PKB plays a pivotal role in cell proliferation and survival. However, the isotype-specific roles of Akt in mitochondrial function have not been fully addressed. In this study, we explored the role of Akt in mitochondrial function after stable knockdown of the Akt isoforms in EJ human bladder cancer cells. We found that the mitochondrial mass was significantly increased in the Akt1- and Akt3-knockdown cells, and this increase was accompanied by an increase in TFAM and NRF1. Akt2 knockdown did not cause a similar effect. Interestingly, Akt3 knockdown also led to severe structural defects in the mitochondria, an increase in doxorubicin-induced senescence, and impairment of cell proliferation in galactose medium. Consistent with these observations, the mitochondrial oxygen consumption rate was significantly reduced in the Akt3-knockdown cells. An Akt3 deficiency-induced decrease in mitochondrial respiration was also observed in A549 lung cancer cells. Collectively, these results suggest that the Akt isoforms play distinct roles in mitochondrial function and that Akt3 is critical for proper mitochondrial respiration in human cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minjee Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Dong-A University, Busan 607-714, Republic of Korea Institute of Convergence Bio-Health, Dong-A University, Busan 607-714, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Yeon Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Dong-A University, Busan 607-714, Republic of Korea Institute of Convergence Bio-Health, Dong-A University, Busan 607-714, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Jin Jee
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Dong-A University, Busan 607-714, Republic of Korea Institute of Convergence Bio-Health, Dong-A University, Busan 607-714, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Sik Bae
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan-si 602-739, Republic of Korea
| | - Na Young Jeong
- Institute of Convergence Bio-Health, Dong-A University, Busan 607-714, Republic of Korea Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Dong-A University, Busan 602-714, Republic of Korea
| | - Jee-Hyun Um
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Dong-A University, Busan 607-714, Republic of Korea Institute of Convergence Bio-Health, Dong-A University, Busan 607-714, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeanho Yun
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Dong-A University, Busan 607-714, Republic of Korea Institute of Convergence Bio-Health, Dong-A University, Busan 607-714, Republic of Korea
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Kim YH, Baek SH, Kim EK, Ha JM, Jin SY, Lee HS, Ha HK, Song SH, Kim SJ, Shin HK, Yong J, Kim DH, Kim CD, Bae SS. Uncoordinated 51-like kinase 2 signaling pathway regulates epithelial-mesenchymal transition in A549 lung cancer cells. FEBS Lett 2016; 590:1365-74. [DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.12172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2015] [Revised: 03/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Young Hwan Kim
- Department of Pharmacology; Gene and Cell Therapy Center for Vessel-Associated Disease; Medical Research Institute; Pusan National University School of Medicine; Yangsan Korea
| | - Seung Hoon Baek
- Department of Anesthesia and Pain Medicine; Pusan National University Hospital; Yangsan Korea
| | - Eun Kyoung Kim
- Department of Pharmacology; Gene and Cell Therapy Center for Vessel-Associated Disease; Medical Research Institute; Pusan National University School of Medicine; Yangsan Korea
| | - Jung Min Ha
- Department of Pharmacology; Gene and Cell Therapy Center for Vessel-Associated Disease; Medical Research Institute; Pusan National University School of Medicine; Yangsan Korea
| | - Seo Yeon Jin
- Department of Pharmacology; Gene and Cell Therapy Center for Vessel-Associated Disease; Medical Research Institute; Pusan National University School of Medicine; Yangsan Korea
| | - Hye Sun Lee
- Department of Pharmacology; Gene and Cell Therapy Center for Vessel-Associated Disease; Medical Research Institute; Pusan National University School of Medicine; Yangsan Korea
| | - Hong Koo Ha
- Department of Urology; Pusan National University Hospital; Busan Korea
| | - Sang Heon Song
- Department of Internal Medicine; Pusan National University Hospital; Busan Korea
| | - Sun Ja Kim
- Department of Physics; Dong-A University; Busan Korea
| | - Hwa Kyoung Shin
- Department of Anatomy; Pusan National University School of Korean Medicine; Yangsan Korea
| | - Jeongsik Yong
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics; University of Minnesota Twin Cities; Minneapolis MN USA
| | - Do-Hyung Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics; University of Minnesota Twin Cities; Minneapolis MN USA
| | - Chi Dae Kim
- Department of Pharmacology; Gene and Cell Therapy Center for Vessel-Associated Disease; Medical Research Institute; Pusan National University School of Medicine; Yangsan Korea
| | - Sun Sik Bae
- Department of Pharmacology; Gene and Cell Therapy Center for Vessel-Associated Disease; Medical Research Institute; Pusan National University School of Medicine; Yangsan Korea
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Min H, Kong KA, Lee JY, Hong CP, Seo SH, Roh TY, Bae SS, Kim MH. CTCF-mediated Chromatin Loop for the Posterior Hoxc Gene Expression in MEF Cells. IUBMB Life 2016; 68:436-44. [PMID: 27080371 DOI: 10.1002/iub.1504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2015] [Revised: 03/15/2016] [Accepted: 03/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Modulation of chromatin structure has been proposed as a molecular mechanism underlying the spatiotemporal collinear expression of Hox genes during development. CCCTC-binding factor (CTCF)-mediated chromatin organization is now recognized as a crucial epigenetic mechanism for transcriptional regulation. Thus, we examined whether CTCF-mediated chromosomal conformation is involved in Hoxc gene expression by comparing wild-type mouse embryonic fibroblast (MEF) cells expressing anterior Hoxc genes with Akt1 null MEFs expressing anterior as well as posterior Hoxc genes. We found that CTCF binding between Hoxc11 and -c12 is important for CTCF-mediated chromosomal loop formation and concomitant posterior Hoxc gene expression. Hypomethylation at this site increased CTCF binding and recapitulated the chromosomal conformation and posterior Hoxc gene expression patterns observed in Akt1 null MEFs. From this work we found that CTCF at the C12|11 does not function as a barrier/boundary, instead let the posterior Hoxc genes switch their interaction from inactive centromeric to active telomeric genomic niche, and concomitant posterior Hoxc gene expression. Although it is not clear whether CTCF affects Hoxc gene expression solely through its looping activity, CTCF-mediated chromatin structural modulation could be an another tier of Hox gene regulation during development. © 2016 IUBMB Life, 68(6):436-444, 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyehyun Min
- Department of Anatomy, Embryology Laboratory, Brain Korea 21 Plus Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung-Ah Kong
- Department of Anatomy, Embryology Laboratory, Brain Korea 21 Plus Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Yeon Lee
- Department of Anatomy, Embryology Laboratory, Brain Korea 21 Plus Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Pyo Hong
- Department of Life Sciences and Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Hye Seo
- Department of Life Sciences and Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Young Roh
- Department of Life Sciences and Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Sik Bae
- Department of Pharmacology, MRC For Ischemic Tissue Regeneration, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Myoung Hee Kim
- Department of Anatomy, Embryology Laboratory, Brain Korea 21 Plus Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Park MH, Bae SS, Choi KY, Min DS. Phospholipase D2 promotes degradation of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α independent of lipase activity. Exp Mol Med 2015; 47:e196. [PMID: 26611735 PMCID: PMC4673472 DOI: 10.1038/emm.2015.87] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2015] [Revised: 08/19/2015] [Accepted: 09/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) is a key transcriptional mediator that coordinates the expression of various genes involved in tumorigenesis in response to changes in oxygen tension. The stability of HIF-1α protein is determined by oxygen-dependent prolyl hydroxylation, which is required for binding of the von Hippel-Lindau protein (VHL), the recognition component of an E3 ubiquitin ligase that targets HIF-1α for ubiquitination and degradation. Here, we demonstrate that PLD2 protein itself interacts with HIF-1α, prolyl hydroxylase (PHD) and VHL to promote degradation of HIF-1α via the proteasomal pathway independent of lipase activity. PLD2 increases PHD2-mediated hydroxylation of HIF-1α by increasing the interaction of HIF-1α with PHD2. Moreover, PLD2 promotes VHL-dependent HIF-1α degradation by accelerating the association between VHL and HIF-1α. The interaction of the pleckstrin homology domain of PLD2 with HIF-1α also promoted degradation of HIF-1α and decreased expression of its target genes. These results indicate that PLD2 negatively regulates the stability of HIF-1α through the dynamic assembly of HIF-1α, PHD2 and VHL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Hee Park
- Department of Molecular Biology, College of Natural Science, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Sik Bae
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Kang-Yell Choi
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Translational Research Center for Protein Function Control, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Do Sik Min
- Department of Molecular Biology, College of Natural Science, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
- Translational Research Center for Protein Function Control, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Genetic Engineering Institute, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
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Won C, Kim B, Yi EH, Choi K, Kim E, Jeong J, Lee J, Jang J, Yoon J, Jeong W, Park I, Kim TW, Bae SS, Factor VM, Ma S, Thorgeirsson SS, Lee Y, Ye S. Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3-mediated CD133 up-regulation contributes to promotion of hepatocellular carcinoma. Hepatology 2015; 62:1160-73. [PMID: 26154152 PMCID: PMC5049669 DOI: 10.1002/hep.27968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2014] [Accepted: 06/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Enhanced expression of the cancer stem cell (CSC) marker, CD133, is closely associated with a higher rate of tumor formation and poor prognosis in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients. Despite its clinical significance, the molecular mechanism underlying the deregulation of CD133 during tumor progression remains to be clarified. Here, we report on a novel mechanism by which interleukin-6/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (IL-6/STAT3) signaling up-regulates expression of CD133 and promotes HCC progression. STAT3 activated by IL-6 rapidly bound to CD133 promoter and increased protein levels of CD133 in HCC cells. Reversely, in hypoxic conditions, RNA interference silencing of STAT3 resulted in decrease of CD133 levels, even in the presence of IL-6, with a concomitant decrease of hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha (HIF-1α) expression. Active STAT3 interacted with nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) p65 subunit to positively regulate the transcription of HIF-1α providing a mechanistic explanation on how those three oncogenes work together to increase the activity of CD133 in a hypoxic liver microenvironment. Activation of STAT3 and its consequent induction of HIF-1α and CD133 expression were not observed in Toll-like receptor 4/IL-6 double-knockout mice. Long-term silencing of CD133 by a lentiviral-based approach inhibited cancer cell-cycle progression and suppressed in vivo tumorigenicity by down-regulating expression of cytokinesis-related genes, such as TACC1, ACF7, and CKAP5. We also found that sorafenib and STAT3 inhibitor nifuroxazide inhibit HCC xenograft formation by blocking activation of STAT3 and expression of CD133 and HIF-1α proteins. CONCLUSION IL-6/STAT3 signaling induces expression of CD133 through functional cooperation with NF-κB and HIF-1α during liver carcinogenesis. Targeting STAT3-mediated CD133 up-regulation may represent a novel, effective treatment by eradicating the liver tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheolhee Won
- Department of Pharmacology and Biomedical SciencesSeoul National University College of MedicineSeoulSouth Korea,Neuro‐Immune Information Storage Network Research Center, Seoul National University College of MedicineSeoulSouth Korea
| | - Byung‐Hak Kim
- Department of Pharmacology and Biomedical SciencesSeoul National University College of MedicineSeoulSouth Korea,Biomedical Science Project (BK21), Seoul National University College of MedicineSeoulSouth Korea
| | - Eun Hee Yi
- Department of Pharmacology and Biomedical SciencesSeoul National University College of MedicineSeoulSouth Korea
| | - Kyung‐Ju Choi
- Department of Radiation OncologyBrain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of MedicineSeoulSouth Korea
| | - Eun‐Kyung Kim
- Department of PharmacologyPusan National University School of MedicineYangsanSouth Korea
| | - Jong‐Min Jeong
- Laboratory of Liver Research, Graduate School of Medical Science and EngineeringKorea Advanced Institute of Science and TechnologyDaejeonSouth Korea
| | - Jae‐Ho Lee
- Laboratory of Molecular OncologyCheil General Hospital and Women's Healthcare Center, Kwandong University College of MedicineSeoulSouth Korea
| | - Ja‐June Jang
- Department of PathologySeoul National University College of MedicineSeoulSouth Korea
| | - Jung‐Hwan Yoon
- Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research InstituteSeoul National University College of MedicineSeoulSouth Korea
| | - Won‐Il Jeong
- Laboratory of Liver Research, Graduate School of Medical Science and EngineeringKorea Advanced Institute of Science and TechnologyDaejeonSouth Korea
| | - In‐Chul Park
- Division of Radiation Cancer ResearchKorea Institute of Radiological & Medical SciencesSeoulSouth Korea
| | - Tae Woo Kim
- Laboratory of Infection and ImmunologyGraduate School of Medicine, Korea UniversitySeoulSouth Korea
| | - Sun Sik Bae
- Department of PharmacologyPusan National University School of MedicineYangsanSouth Korea
| | - Valentina M. Factor
- Laboratory of Experimental CarcinogenesisThe Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaMD
| | - Stephanie Ma
- Department of AnatomyState Key Laboratory for Liver Research, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong KongHong Kong
| | - Snorri S. Thorgeirsson
- Laboratory of Experimental CarcinogenesisThe Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaMD
| | - Yun‐Han Lee
- Department of Radiation OncologyBrain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of MedicineSeoulSouth Korea
| | - Sang‐Kyu Ye
- Department of Pharmacology and Biomedical SciencesSeoul National University College of MedicineSeoulSouth Korea,Neuro‐Immune Information Storage Network Research Center, Seoul National University College of MedicineSeoulSouth Korea,Ischemic/Hypoxic Disease Institute, Seoul National University College of MedicineSeoulSouth Korea
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Lee HR, Shin HK, Park SY, Kim HY, Bae SS, Lee WS, Rhim BY, Hong KW, Kim CD. Cilostazol Upregulates Autophagy via SIRT1 Activation: Reducing Amyloid-β Peptide and APP-CTFβ Levels in Neuronal Cells. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0134486. [PMID: 26244661 PMCID: PMC4526537 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0134486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2015] [Accepted: 07/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a vital pathway for the removal of β-amyloid peptide (Aβ) and the aggregated proteins that cause Alzheimer’s disease (AD). We previously found that cilostazol induced SIRT1 expression and its activity in neuronal cells, and thus, we hypothesized that cilostazol might stimulate clearances of Aβ and C-terminal APP fragment β subunit (APP-CTFβ) by up-regulating autophagy.When N2a cells were exposed to soluble Aβ1–42, protein levels of beclin-1, autophagy-related protein5 (Atg5), and SIRT1 decreased significantly. Pretreatment with cilostazol (10–30 μM) or resveratrol (20 μM) prevented these Aβ1–42 evoked suppressions. LC3-II (a marker of mammalian autophagy) levels were significantly increased by cilostazol, and this increase was reduced by 3-methyladenine. To evoke endogenous Aβ overproduction, N2aSwe cells (N2a cells stably expressing human APP containing the Swedish mutation) were cultured in medium with or without tetracycline (Tet+ for 48 h and then placed in Tet- condition). Aβ and APP-CTFβ expressions were increased after 12~24 h in Tet- condition, and these increased expressions were significantly reduced by pretreating cilostazol. Cilostazol-induced reductions in the expressions of Aβ and APP-CTFβ were blocked by bafilomycin A1 (a blocker of autophagosome to lysosome fusion). After knockdown of the SIRT1 gene (to ~40% in SIRT1 protein), cilostazol failed to elevate the expressions of beclin-1, Atg5, and LC3-II, indicating that cilostazol increases these expressions by up-regulating SIRT1. Further, decreased cell viability induced by Aβ was prevented by cilostazol, and this inhibition was reversed by 3-methyladenine, indicating that the protective effect of cilostazol against Aβ induced neurotoxicity is, in part, ascribable to the induction of autophagy. In conclusion, cilostazol modulates autophagy by increasing the activation of SIRT1, and thereby enhances Aβ clearance and increases cell viability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Rin Lee
- Gene & Cell Therapy Research Center for Vessel-associated Diseases, Pusan National University, Yangsan-si, Gyeongsangnam-do, Republic of Korea
- Medical Research Center for Ischemic Tissue Regeneration, Pusan National University, Yangsan-si, Gyeongsangnam-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwa Kyoung Shin
- Division of Meridian and Structural Medicine, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan-si, Gyeongsangnam-do, Republic of Korea
| | - So Youn Park
- Gene & Cell Therapy Research Center for Vessel-associated Diseases, Pusan National University, Yangsan-si, Gyeongsangnam-do, Republic of Korea
- Medical Research Center for Ischemic Tissue Regeneration, Pusan National University, Yangsan-si, Gyeongsangnam-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Young Kim
- Medical Research Center for Ischemic Tissue Regeneration, Pusan National University, Yangsan-si, Gyeongsangnam-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Sik Bae
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan-si, Gyeongsangnam-do, Republic of Korea
- Gene & Cell Therapy Research Center for Vessel-associated Diseases, Pusan National University, Yangsan-si, Gyeongsangnam-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Suk Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan-si, Gyeongsangnam-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Yong Rhim
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan-si, Gyeongsangnam-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Whan Hong
- Gene & Cell Therapy Research Center for Vessel-associated Diseases, Pusan National University, Yangsan-si, Gyeongsangnam-do, Republic of Korea
- Medical Research Center for Ischemic Tissue Regeneration, Pusan National University, Yangsan-si, Gyeongsangnam-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Chi Dae Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan-si, Gyeongsangnam-do, Republic of Korea
- Gene & Cell Therapy Research Center for Vessel-associated Diseases, Pusan National University, Yangsan-si, Gyeongsangnam-do, Republic of Korea
- Medical Research Center for Ischemic Tissue Regeneration, Pusan National University, Yangsan-si, Gyeongsangnam-do, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail:
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Seo KW, Lee SJ, Ye BH, Kim YW, Bae SS, Kim CD. Mechanical stretch enhances the expression and activity of osteopontin and MMP-2 via the Akt1/AP-1 pathways in VSMC. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2015; 85:13-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2015.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2015] [Revised: 05/06/2015] [Accepted: 05/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Ha JM, Yun SJ, Kim YW, Jin SY, Lee HS, Song SH, Shin HK, Bae SS. Platelet-derived growth factor regulates vascular smooth muscle phenotype via mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015; 464:57-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.05.097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2015] [Accepted: 05/28/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Kim SH, Yun SJ, Kim YH, Ha JM, Jin SY, Lee HS, Kim SJ, Shin HK, Chung SW, Bae SS. Essential role of krüppel-like factor 5 during tumor necrosis factor α-induced phenotypic conversion of vascular smooth muscle cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015; 463:1323-7. [PMID: 26102029 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.06.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Accepted: 06/18/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) plays an essential role in the regulation of vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) phenotype. In the present study, we provide evidence that krüppel-like factor 5 (KLF5) plays an essential role in TNFα-induced phenotypic conversion of VSMCs. Ectopic expression of KLF5 completely blocked phenotypic conversion of VSMCs from synthetic to contractile type. In addition, stimulation of VSMCs with TNFα facilitated expression of KLF5, whereas expression of smooth muscle marker genes such as SM22α and smooth muscle actin (SMA) was significantly down-regulated. TNFα significantly enhanced the promoter activity of KLF5 as well as mRNA level, which is significantly suppressed by the inhibition of the MAPK pathway. Silencing of KLF5 suppressed TNFα-induced phenotypic conversion of VSMCs, whereas overexpression of KLF5 stimulated phenotypic conversion of VSMCs and facilitated the loss of angiotensin II (AngII)-dependent contraction. Finally, overexpression of KLF5 significantly attenuated the promoter activity of SM22α and SMA. Therefore, we suggest that TNFα-dependent induction of KLF5 may play an essential role in phenotypic modulation of VSMCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seon Hee Kim
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Medical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Ji Yun
- MRC for Ischemic Tissue Regeneration, Medical Research Institute, Department of Pharmacology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Hwan Kim
- MRC for Ischemic Tissue Regeneration, Medical Research Institute, Department of Pharmacology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Min Ha
- MRC for Ischemic Tissue Regeneration, Medical Research Institute, Department of Pharmacology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Republic of Korea
| | - Seo Yeon Jin
- MRC for Ischemic Tissue Regeneration, Medical Research Institute, Department of Pharmacology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Sun Lee
- MRC for Ischemic Tissue Regeneration, Medical Research Institute, Department of Pharmacology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Ja Kim
- Department of Physics, Dong-A University, Busan 604-714, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwa Kyoung Shin
- Department of Anatomy, Pusan National University School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Woon Chung
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Medical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Sik Bae
- MRC for Ischemic Tissue Regeneration, Medical Research Institute, Department of Pharmacology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Republic of Korea.
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Park E, Kim EK, Kim M, Ha JM, Kim YW, Jin SY, Shin HK, Ha HK, Lee JZ, Bae SS. Androgen Receptor-dependent Expression of Low-density Lipoprotein Receptor-related Protein 6 is Necessary for Prostate Cancer Cell Proliferation. Korean J Physiol Pharmacol 2015; 19:235-40. [PMID: 25954128 PMCID: PMC4422963 DOI: 10.4196/kjpp.2015.19.3.235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2014] [Revised: 03/11/2015] [Accepted: 04/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Androgen receptor (AR) signaling is important for prostate cancer (PCa) cell proliferation. Here, we showed that proliferation of hormone-sensitive prostate cancer cells such as LNCaP was significantly enhanced by testosterone stimulation whereas hormone-insensitive prostate cancer cells such as PC3 and VCaP did not respond to testosterone stimulation. Blocking of AR using bicalutamide abolished testosterone-induced proliferation of LNCaP cells. In addition, knockdown of AR blocked testosterone-induced proliferation of LNCaP cells. Basal expression of low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 6 (LRP6) was elevated in VCaP cells whereas stimulation of testosterone did not affect the expression of LRP6. However, expression of LRP6 in LNCaP cells was increased by testosterone stimulation. In addition, knockdown of LRP6 abrogated testosterone-induced proliferation of LNCaP cells. Given these results, we suggest that androgen-dependent expression of LRP6 plays a crucial role in hormone-sensitive prostate cancer cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Park
- Department of Urology, Wallace Memorial Baptist Hospital, Busan 609-728, Korea
| | - Eun Kyoung Kim
- MRC for Ischemic Tissue Regeneration, Medical Research Institute, and Department of Pharmacology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan 626-870, Korea
| | - Minkyoung Kim
- MRC for Ischemic Tissue Regeneration, Medical Research Institute, and Department of Pharmacology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan 626-870, Korea
| | - Jung Min Ha
- MRC for Ischemic Tissue Regeneration, Medical Research Institute, and Department of Pharmacology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan 626-870, Korea
| | - Young Whan Kim
- MRC for Ischemic Tissue Regeneration, Medical Research Institute, and Department of Pharmacology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan 626-870, Korea
| | - Seo Yeon Jin
- MRC for Ischemic Tissue Regeneration, Medical Research Institute, and Department of Pharmacology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan 626-870, Korea
| | - Hwa Kyoung Shin
- Department of Anatomy, Pusan National University School of Korean Medicine, Yangsan 626-870, Korea
| | - Hong Koo Ha
- Department of Urology, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan 602-739, Korea
| | - Jeong Zoo Lee
- Department of Urology, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan 602-739, Korea
| | - Sun Sik Bae
- MRC for Ischemic Tissue Regeneration, Medical Research Institute, and Department of Pharmacology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan 626-870, Korea
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Kim YM, Jung CH, Seo M, Kim EK, Park JM, Bae SS, Kim DH. mTORC1 phosphorylates UVRAG to negatively regulate autophagosome and endosome maturation. Mol Cell 2014; 57:207-18. [PMID: 25533187 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2014.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 201] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2014] [Revised: 09/22/2014] [Accepted: 11/14/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
mTORC1 plays a key role in autophagy as a negative regulator. The currently known targets of mTORC1 in the autophagy pathway mainly function at early stages of autophagosome formation. Here, we identify that mTORC1 inhibits later stages of autophagy by phosphorylating UVRAG. Under nutrient-enriched conditions, mTORC1 binds and phosphorylates UVRAG. The phosphorylation positively regulates the association of UVRAG with RUBICON, thereby enhancing the antagonizing effect of RUBICON on UVRAG-mediated autophagosome maturation. Upon dephosphorylation, UVRAG is released from RUBICON to interact with the HOPS complex, a component for the late endosome and lysosome fusion machinery, and enhances autophagosome and endosome maturation. Consequently, the dephosphorylation of UVRAG facilitates the lysosomal degradation of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), reduces EGFR signaling, and suppresses cancer cell proliferation and tumor growth. These results demonstrate that mTORC1 engages in late stages of autophagy and endosome maturation, defining a broader range of mTORC1 functions in the membrane-associated processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Mi Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Chang Hwa Jung
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; Division of Metabolism and Functionality Research, Korea Food Research Institute, 463-746, Republic of Korea
| | - Minchul Seo
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Eun Kyoung Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, Pusan National University, Pusan, 626-870, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Man Park
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Sun Sik Bae
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Pusan National University, Pusan, 626-870, Republic of Korea
| | - Do-Hyung Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
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Yun SJ, Ha JM, Kim EK, Kim YW, Jin SY, Lee DH, Song SH, Kim CD, Shin HK, Bae SS. Akt1 isoform modulates phenotypic conversion of vascular smooth muscle cells. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2014; 1842:2184-92. [PMID: 25201081 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2014.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2014] [Revised: 08/13/2014] [Accepted: 08/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the role of Akt1 isoform in phenotypic change of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) and neointima formation. Laminin-induced conversion of synthetic VSMCs into contractile VSMCs was measured by expression of marker proteins for contractile VSMCs and collagen gel contraction assay. Culture of synthetic VSMCs on laminin-coated plates induced expression of marker proteins for contractile VSMCs and showed contraction in response to angiotensin II (AngII) stimulation. Silencing integrin-linked kinase attenuated activation of Akt and blocked phenotypic conversion of VSMCs resulting in the loss of AngII-dependent contraction. Laminin-induced phenotypic conversion of VSMCs was abrogated by phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase inhibitor or in cells silencing Akt1 but not Akt2. Proliferation of contractile VSMCs on laminin-coated plate was enhanced in cells silencing Akt1 whereas silencing Akt2 did not affect. Promoter activity of myocardin and SM22α was enhanced in contractile phenotype and overexpression of myocardin stimulated promoter activity of SM22α in synthetic phenotype. Promoter activity of myocardin and SM22α was reduced in cells silencing Akt1 and promoter activity of SM22α was restored by overexpression of myocardin in cells silencing Akt1. However, silencing of Akt2 affected neither promoter activity of myocardin nor SM22α. Finally, neointima formation in carotid artery ligation and high fat-diet-induced atherosclerosis was facilitated in mice lacking Akt1. This study demonstrates that Akt1 isoform stimulates laminin-induced phenotypic conversion of synthetic VSMCs by regulating the expression of myocardin. VSMCs become susceptible to shifting from contractile to synthetic phenotype by the loss of Akt1 in pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Ji Yun
- MRC for Ischemic Tissue Regeneration, Department of Pharmacology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Republic of Korea; Department of Pharmacology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Min Ha
- MRC for Ischemic Tissue Regeneration, Department of Pharmacology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Republic of Korea; Department of Pharmacology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Kyoung Kim
- MRC for Ischemic Tissue Regeneration, Department of Pharmacology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Republic of Korea; Department of Pharmacology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Whan Kim
- MRC for Ischemic Tissue Regeneration, Department of Pharmacology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Republic of Korea; Department of Pharmacology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Seo Yeon Jin
- MRC for Ischemic Tissue Regeneration, Department of Pharmacology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Republic of Korea; Department of Pharmacology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Hyung Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Heon Song
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University Hospital, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Chi Dae Kim
- MRC for Ischemic Tissue Regeneration, Department of Pharmacology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Republic of Korea; Department of Pharmacology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwa Kyoung Shin
- Department of Anatomy, Pusan National University School of Korean Medicine, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Sik Bae
- MRC for Ischemic Tissue Regeneration, Department of Pharmacology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Republic of Korea.
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Kim JH, Hong KW, Bae SS, Shin YI, Choi BT, Shin HK. Probucol plus cilostazol attenuate hypercholesterolemia‑induced exacerbation in ischemic brain injury via anti-inflammatory effects. Int J Mol Med 2014; 34:687-94. [PMID: 25017431 PMCID: PMC4121353 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2014.1848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2014] [Accepted: 06/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Probucol, a lipid-lowering agent with anti-oxidant properties, is involved in protection against atherosclerosis, while cilostazol, an antiplatelet agent, has diverse neuroprotective properties. In this study, we investigated the anti-inflammatory effects of probucol and cilostazol on focal cerebral ischemia with hypercholesterolemia. Apolipoprotein E (ApoE) knockout (KO) mice were fed a high-fat diet (HFD) with or without 0.3% probucol and/or 0.2% cilostazol for 10 weeks. To assess the protective effects of the combined therapy of probucol and cilostazol on ischemic injury, the mice received 40 min of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). Infarct volumes, neurobehavioral deficits and neuroinflammatory mediators were subsequently evaluated 48 h after reperfusion. Probucol alone and probucol plus cilostazol significantly decreased total- and low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol in ApoE KO with HFD. MCAO resulted in significantly larger infarct volumes in ApoE KO mice provided with HFD compared to those fed a regular diet, although these volumes were significantly reduced in the probucol plus cilostazol group. Consistent with a smaller infarct size, probucol alone and the combined treatment of probucol and cilostazol improved neurological and motor function. In addition, probucol alone and probucol plus cilostazol decreased MCP-1 expression and CD11b and GFAP immunoreactivity in the ischemic cortex. These findings suggested that the inhibitory effects of probucol plus cilostazol in MCP-1 expression in the ischemic brain with hypercholesterolemia allowed the identification of one of the mechanisms responsible for anti-inflammatory action. Probucol plus cilostazol may therefore serve as a therapeutic strategy for reducing the impact of stroke in hypercholesterolemic subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Hyun Kim
- Division of Meridian and Structural Medicine, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Gyeongnam 626-870, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Whan Hong
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Gyeongnam 626-870, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Sik Bae
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Gyeongnam 626-870, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Il Shin
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Gyeongnam 626-870, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Tae Choi
- Division of Meridian and Structural Medicine, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Gyeongnam 626-870, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwa Kyoung Shin
- Division of Meridian and Structural Medicine, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Gyeongnam 626-870, Republic of Korea
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Jin SY, Kim EK, Ha JM, Lee DH, Kim JS, Kim IY, Song SH, Shin HK, Kim CD, Bae SS. Insulin regulates monocyte trans-endothelial migration through surface expression of macrophage-1 antigen. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2014; 1842:1539-48. [PMID: 24915517 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2014.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2014] [Revised: 05/30/2014] [Accepted: 06/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
During the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, adhesion of monocytes to vascular endothelium and subsequent migration across the endothelium has been recognized as a key process in the chronic inflammatory response in atherosclerosis. As type 2 diabetes is closely associated with the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, we investigated whether monocyte adhesion and migration were affected by insulin. We found that insulin activated Akt and induced subsequent migration in THP-1. However, glucose and insulin-like growth factor-1, which is a growth factor that is structurally similar to insulin, were not effective. Insulin-dependent migration of THP-1 was blocked by inhibition of PI3K or Akt and by silencing of Akt1. Insulin-dependent migration of bone marrow-derived monocytic cells (BDMCs) was attenuated by inhibition of PI3K and Akt. In addition, BDMCs from Akt1(-/-) mice showed defects in insulin-dependent migration. Stimulation of THP-1 with insulin caused adhesion with human vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) that was blocked by silencing of Akt1. However, stimulation of HUVECs did not cause adhesion with THP-1. Moreover, BDMCs from Akt1(-/-) mice showed defects in insulin-dependent adhesion with HUVECs. Insulin induced surface expression of Mac-1, and neutralization of Mac-1 blocked insulin-induced adhesion of THP-1 as well as BDMCs. Surface expression of Mac-1 was blocked in THP-1 with silenced Akt1, and in BDMCs isolated from mice lacking Akt1. Finally, trans-endothelial migration of THP-1 and BDMCs was blocked by Mac-1-neutralizing antibody, in THP-1 with silenced Akt1 and in BDMCs from Akt1(-/-) mice. These results suggest that insulin stimulates monocyte trans-endothelial migration through Akt-dependent surface expression of Mac-1, which may be part of the atherogenesis in type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seo Yeon Jin
- MRC for Ischemic Tissue Regeneration, Medical Research Institute, and Department of Pharmacology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Kyoung Kim
- MRC for Ischemic Tissue Regeneration, Medical Research Institute, and Department of Pharmacology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Min Ha
- MRC for Ischemic Tissue Regeneration, Medical Research Institute, and Department of Pharmacology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Hyung Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Su Kim
- Cardiovascular Disease Center, Pusan National University Hospital, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Il Young Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University Hospital, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Heon Song
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University Hospital, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwa Kyoung Shin
- Department of Anatomy, Pusan National University School of Korean Medicine, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Chi Dae Kim
- MRC for Ischemic Tissue Regeneration, Medical Research Institute, and Department of Pharmacology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Sik Bae
- MRC for Ischemic Tissue Regeneration, Medical Research Institute, and Department of Pharmacology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Republic of Korea.
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Seo KW, Lee SJ, Kim YH, Bae JU, Park SY, Bae SS, Kim CD. Mechanical stretch increases MMP-2 production in vascular smooth muscle cells via activation of PDGFR-β/Akt signaling pathway. PLoS One 2013; 8:e70437. [PMID: 23950935 PMCID: PMC3737227 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0070437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2013] [Accepted: 06/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Increased blood pressure, leading to mechanical stress on vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC), is a known risk factor for vascular remodeling via increased activity of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) within the vascular wall. This study aimed to identify cell surface mechanoreceptors and intracellular signaling pathways that influence VSMC to produce MMP in response to mechanical stretch (MS). When VSMC was stimulated with MS (0–10% strain, 60 cycles/min), both production and gelatinolytic activity of MMP-2, but not MMP-9, were increased in a force-dependent manner. MS-enhanced MMP-2 expression and activity were inhibited by molecular inhibition of Akt using Akt siRNA as well as by PI3K/Akt inhibitors, LY293002 and AI, but not by MAPK inhibitors such as PD98059, SP600125 and SB203580. MS also increased Akt phosphorylation in VSMC, which was attenuated by AG1295, a PDGF receptor (PDGFR) inhibitor, but not by inhibitors for other receptor tyrosine kinase including EGF, IGF, and FGF receptors. Although MS activated PDGFR-α as well as PDGFR-β in VSMC, MS-induced Akt phosphorylation was inhibited by molecular deletion of PDGFR-β using siRNA, but not by inhibition of PDGFR-α. Collectively, our data indicate that MS induces MMP-2 production in VSMC via activation of Akt pathway, that is mediated by activation of PDGFR-β signaling pathways.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Cells, Cultured
- Gene Expression
- Immunoblotting
- Immunohistochemistry
- Matrix Metalloproteinase 2/genetics
- Matrix Metalloproteinase 2/metabolism
- Microscopy, Confocal
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/cytology
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/cytology
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/metabolism
- Phosphorylation
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/antagonists & inhibitors
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/genetics
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/metabolism
- RNA Interference
- Rats
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism
- Receptor, Platelet-Derived Growth Factor beta/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptor, Platelet-Derived Growth Factor beta/genetics
- Receptor, Platelet-Derived Growth Factor beta/metabolism
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Signal Transduction
- Stress, Mechanical
- Tyrphostins/pharmacology
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyo Won Seo
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, and Medical Research Center for Ischemic Tissue Regeneration, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Gyeongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Jin Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, and Medical Research Center for Ischemic Tissue Regeneration, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Gyeongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun Hak Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, and Medical Research Center for Ischemic Tissue Regeneration, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Gyeongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Ung Bae
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, and Medical Research Center for Ischemic Tissue Regeneration, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Gyeongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - So Youn Park
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, and Medical Research Center for Ischemic Tissue Regeneration, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Gyeongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Sik Bae
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, and Medical Research Center for Ischemic Tissue Regeneration, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Gyeongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Chi Dae Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, and Medical Research Center for Ischemic Tissue Regeneration, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Gyeongnam, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail:
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Kim JH, Choi KH, Jang YJ, Kim HN, Bae SS, Choi BT, Shin HK. Electroacupuncture preconditioning reduces cerebral ischemic injury via BDNF and SDF-1α in mice. Altern Ther Health Med 2013; 13:22. [PMID: 23356671 PMCID: PMC3562247 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-13-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2012] [Accepted: 01/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background This study was designed to determine if electroacupuncture (EA) preconditioning improves tissue outcome and functional outcome following experimentally induced cerebral ischemia in mice. In addition, we investigated whether the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and stromal cell derived factor-1α (SDF-1α) and infarct volume were related with improvement in neurological and motor function by interventions in this study. Methods After treatment with EA at the acupoints ‘Baihui (GV20)’ and ‘Dazhui (GV14)’ for 20 min, BDNF was assessed in the cortical tissues based on Western blot and the SDF-1α and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) levels in the plasma determined by ELISA. To assess the protective effects of EA against ischemic injury, the mice received once a day 20 min EA preconditioning for three days prior to the ischemic event. Focal cerebral ischemia was then induced by photothrombotic cortical ischemia. Infarct volumes, neurobehavioral deficit and motor deficit were evaluated 24 h after focal cerebral ischemia. Results The expression of BDNF protein increased significantly from 6 h, reaching a plateau at 12 h after the end of EA treatment in the cerebral cortex. Furthermore, SDF-1α, not VEGF, increased singnificantly from 12 h to 48 h after EA stimulation in the plasma. Moreover, EA preconditioning reduced the infarct volume by 43.5% when compared to control mice at 24 h after photothrombotic cortical ischemia. Consistent with a smaller infarct size, EA preconditioning showed prominent improvement of neurological function and motor function such as vestibule-motor function, sensori-motor function and asymmetric forelimb use. The expression of BDNF colocalized within neurons and SDF-1α colocalized within the cerebral vascular endothelium was observed throughout the ischemic cortex by EA. Conclusions Pretreatment with EA increased the production of BDNF and SDF-1α, which elicited protective effects against focal cerebral ischemia. These results suggest a novel mechanism of EA pretreatment-induced tolerance against cerebral ischemic injury.
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Kim EK, Yun SJ, Ha JM, Kim YW, Jin IH, Woo DH, Lee HS, Ha HK, Bae SS. Synergistic induction of cancer cell migration regulated by Gβγ and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase. Exp Mol Med 2013; 44:483-91. [PMID: 22627809 PMCID: PMC3429812 DOI: 10.3858/emm.2012.44.8.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) is essential for both G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR)- and receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK)-mediated cancer cell migration. Here, we have shown that maximum migration is achieved by full activation of phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate-dependent Rac exchanger 1 (P-Rex1) in the presence of Gβγ and PI3K signaling pathways. Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA)- induced migration was higher than that of epidermal growth factor (EGF)-induced migration; however, LPA-induced activation of Akt was lower than that stimulated by EGF. LPA-induced migration was partially blocked by either Gβγ or RTK inhibitor and completely blocked by both inhibitors. LPA-induced migration was synergistically increased in the presence of EGF and vice versa. In correlation with these results, sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P)-induced migration was also synergistically induced in the presence of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1). Finally, silencing of P-Rex1 abolished the synergism in migration as well as in Rac activation. Moreover, synergistic activation of MMP-2 and cancer cell invasion was attenuated by silencing of P-Rex1. Given these results, we suggest that P-Rex1 requires both Gβγ and PI3K signaling pathways for synergistic activation of Rac, thereby inducing maximum cancer cell migration and invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Kyoung Kim
- MRC for Ischemic Tissue Regeneration, Medical Research Institute, Department of Pharmacology, Pusan National University, Yangsan 626-870, Korea
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Park SH, Kim JH, Choi KH, Jang YJ, Bae SS, Choi BT, Shin HK. Hypercholesterolemia accelerates amyloid β-induced cognitive deficits. Int J Mol Med 2013; 31:577-82. [PMID: 23314909 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2013.1233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2012] [Accepted: 12/14/2012] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypercholesterolemia is a known risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD). In the present study, we investigated whether diet-induced hypercholesterolemia affects AD-like pathologies such as amyloid β-peptide (Aβ) deposition, tau pathology, inflammation and cognitive impairment, using an Aβ25-35-injected AD-like pathological mouse model. Hypercholesterolemia was induced by providing apolipoprotein E knock out (Apo E KO) mice with a high-fat diet for 4 weeks prior to Aβ25-35 injection and for 4 weeks following Aβ25-35 injection, for a total of 8 weeks of treatment. Our data showed that intracerebroventricular injection of C57BL/6J mice with Aβ25-35 resulted in increased immunoreactivity of Aβ and phosphorylated-tau (p-tau), which was accompanied by enhanced microglial CD11b-like immunoreactivity in the brain. Moreover, hypercholesterolemia slightly increased Aβ and p-tau levels and microglial activation in the vehicle group, while further increasing the Aβ and p-tau levels and microglial activation in Aβ25-35-injected mice. Consistent with the neuropathological analysis, hypercholesterolemia resulted in significant spatial learning and memory deficits in Aβ25-35-injected mice as revealed by water maze testing. Collectively, these findings demonstrated that hypercholesterolemia accelerated Aβ accumulation and tau pathology, which was accompanied by microglial activation and subsequent aggravation of memory impairment induced by Aβ25-35. Thus, we suggest that the modulation of cholesterol can be used to reduce the risk of developing AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun Haeng Park
- Division of Meridian and Structural Medicine, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan-si, Gyeongsangnam-do 626-870, Republic of Korea
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Kim EK, Yun SJ, Ha JM, Kim YW, Jin IH, Woo DH, Song SH, Ha HK, Choi YS, Lee TG, Bae SS. Loss of Akt1 evokes epithelial-mesenchymal transition by autocrine regulation of transforming growth factor-β1. Adv Biol Regul 2012; 52:88-96. [PMID: 21925532 DOI: 10.1016/j.advenzreg.2011.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2011] [Accepted: 09/06/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Eun Kyoung Kim
- MRC for Ischemic Tissue Regeneration, Medical Research Institute, Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Bumeo-ri, Mulgeum-eup, Yangsan-si, Yangsan, Kyungnam 626-870, Republic of Korea
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Park SH, Kim JH, Park SJ, Bae SS, Choi YW, Hong JW, Choi BT, Shin HK. Protective effect of hexane extracts of Uncaria sinensis against photothrombotic ischemic injury in mice. J Ethnopharmacol 2011; 138:774-779. [PMID: 22051882 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2011.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2011] [Revised: 10/07/2011] [Accepted: 10/20/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Uncaria sinensis (US) has been used in traditional Korean medicine to treat vascular disease and to relieve various neurological symptoms. AIM OF THE STUDY Scientific evidence related to the effectiveness or action mechanism of US on cerebrovascular disease has not been examined experimentally. Here, we investigated the cerebrovascular protective effect of US extracts on photothrombotic ischemic injury in mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS US hexane extracts (HEUS), ethyl acetate extracts (EAEUS) and methanol extracts (MEUS) were administered intraperitoneally 30 min before ischemic insults. Focal cerebral ischemia was induced in C57BL/6J mice and endothelial nitric oxide synthase knockout (eNOS KO) mice by photothrombotic cortical occlusion. We evaluated the infarct volume, neurological score and the activation of Akt and eNOS in ischemic brain. RESULTS HEUS more significantly reduced infarct volume and edema than did EAEUS and MEUS following photothrombotic cortical occlusion. HEUS produced decreased infarct volume and edema size, and improved neurological function in a concentration-dependent manner (10, 50, and 100 mg/kg). However, HEUS did not reduce brain infarction in eNOS KO mice, suggesting that the protective effect of HEUS is primarily endothelium-dependent. Furthermore, HEUS (10-300 μg/ml) produced a concentration-dependent relaxation in mouse aorta and rat basilar artery, which was not seen in eNOS KO mouse aorta, suggesting that HEUS cause vasodilation via an eNOS-dependent mechanism. This correlated with increased phosphorylation of Akt and eNOS in the brains of HEUS-treated mice. CONCLUSION HEUS prevent cerebral ischemic damage by regulating Akt/eNOS signaling. US, herbal medicine, may be the basis of a novel strategy for the therapy of stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun Haeng Park
- Division of Meridian and Structural Medicine, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Gyeongnam, Republic of Korea
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Ha JM, Kim YW, Lee DH, Yun SJ, Kim EK, Hye Jin I, Kim JH, Kim CD, Shin HK, Bae SS. Regulation of arterial blood pressure by Akt1-dependent vascular relaxation. J Mol Med (Berl) 2011; 89:1253-60. [PMID: 21842346 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-011-0798-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2011] [Revised: 07/22/2011] [Accepted: 07/27/2011] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Endothelial cell-dependent vascular relaxation plays an important role in the regulation of blood pressure. Here, we show that stimulation of vascular endothelial cells with platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) results in vascular relaxation through Akt1-dependent activation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and nitric oxide (NO) production. Stimulation of both human umbilical artery endothelial cells and abdominal aortic vessels with PDGF induced NO production. PDGF-dependent production of NO was completely abolished by inhibition of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase with wortmannin (100 nM). Stimulation of aortic vessels with PDGF resulted in the activation of Akt phosphorylation and eNOS phosphorylation: however, eNOS phosphorylation and production of NO were abolished in aortic vessels of mice lacking Akt1. PDGF strongly induced vascular relaxation in the presence of endothelium, and inhibition of NO production by N-nitro-L: -arginine-methyl ester completely blocked PDGF-dependent vascular relaxation. In addition, PDGF-dependent relaxation was completely abolished by inhibition of PI3K with wortmannin (100 nM). Furthermore, vessels from Akt1 heterozygotes showed normal relaxation after PDGF stimulation, whereas vessels from Akt1 knockout littermates did not respond to PDGF stimulation. Finally, administration of PDGF (5 ng/ml) significantly lowered blood pressure in Akt1 heterozygotes, whereas a blood pressure-lowering effect was not observed in Akt1 knockout littermates. These results suggest that Akt1 regulates blood pressure through regulation of vascular relaxation by eNOS phosphorylation and subsequent production of NO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Min Ha
- MRC for Ischemic Tissue Regeneration and Department of Pharmacology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Bumeo-ri, Mulgeum-eup, Yangsan-si, Kyungnam, Republic of Korea
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