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Vincent TL, Miller RE. Molecular pathogenesis of OA pain: Past, present, and future. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2024; 32:398-405. [PMID: 38244717 PMCID: PMC10984780 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2024.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To provide a historical perspective and narrative review on research into the molecular pathogenesis of osteoarthritis pain. DESIGN PubMed databases were searched for combinations of "osteoarthritis", "pain" and "animal models" for papers that represented key phases in the history of osteoarthritis pain discovery research including epidemiology, pathology, imaging, preclinical modeling and clinical trials. RESULTS The possible anatomical sources of osteoarthritis pain were identified over 50 years ago, but relatively slow progress has been made in understanding the apparent disconnect between structural changes captured by radiography and symptom severity. Translationally relevant animal models of osteoarthritis have aided in our understanding of the structural and molecular drivers of osteoarthritis pain, including molecules such as nerve growth factor and C-C motif chemokine ligand 2. Events leading to persistent osteoarthritis pain appear to involve a two-step process involving changes in joint innervation, including neo-innervation of the articular cartilage, as well as sensitization at the level of the joint, dorsal root ganglion and central nervous system. CONCLUSIONS There remains a great need for the development of treatments to reduce osteoarthritis pain in patients. Harnessing all that we have learned over the past several decades is helping us to appreciate the important interaction between structural disease and pain, and this is likely to facilitate development of new disease modifying therapies in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tonia L Vincent
- Centre for OA Pathogenesis Versus Arthritis, Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, OX3 7FY Oxford, UK.
| | - Rachel E Miller
- Division of Rheumatology and Chicago Center on Musculoskeletal Pain, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA.
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Turnbull J, Jha RR, Barrett DA, Valdes AM, Alderson J, Williams A, Vincent TL, Watt FE, Chapman V. The Effect of Acute Knee Injuries and Related Knee Surgery on Serum Levels of Pro- and Anti-inflammatory Lipid Mediators and Their Associations With Knee Symptoms. Am J Sports Med 2024; 52:987-997. [PMID: 38406872 PMCID: PMC10943603 DOI: 10.1177/03635465241228209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite an acute knee injury being a major risk factor for osteoarthritis, the factors that initiate and maintain this risk of longer-term knee symptoms are poorly understood. Bioactive lipids derived from omega-3 and -6 polyunsaturated fatty acids have key roles in the regulation of the inflammatory response and have been linked to joint damage and osteoarthritis pain in translational models. HYPOTHESIS There would be associations between systemic levels of bioactive lipids and knee symptoms longitudinally after an acute knee injury and related knee surgery. STUDY DESIGN Controlled laboratory study. METHODS This study analyzed a subset of young, active adults who had sustained an acute knee injury (recruited via a surgical care pathway) and healthy age- and sex-matched controls. Surgery, if performed, was conducted after the baseline serum sample was taken and before the 3-month and 2-year visits. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry of 41 bioactive lipids was carried out in sera of (1) 47 injured participants (median age, 28 years) collected at baseline (median, 24 days after injury), 3 months, and 2 years, along with the Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score, and (2) age- and sex-matched controls. RESULTS Levels of the omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids eicosapentaenoic acid (P≤ .0001) and docosahexaenoic acid (P≤ .0001) and the pro-resolving lipid mediators 17- and 14-hydroxydocosahexaenoic acid, and 18-hydroxyeicosapentaenoic acid were all significantly greater at baseline in injured participants compared with the later time points and also higher than in healthy controls (P = .0019 and P≤ .0001, respectively). Levels of pro-inflammatory prostaglandins E2 and D2, leukotriene B4, and thromboxane B2 were significantly lower at baseline compared with the later time points. Higher levels of 8,9-, 11,12-, and 14,15-dihydroxyeicosatrienoic acid (DHET) were cross-sectionally associated with more severe knee pain/symptoms according to the Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score at 2 years (P = .0004, R2 = 0.251; P = .0002, R2 = 0.278; and P = .0012, R2 = 0.214, respectively). CONCLUSION The profile of pro-resolving versus pro-inflammatory lipids at baseline suggests an initial activation of pro-resolution pathways, followed by the later activation of pro-inflammatory pathways. CLINICAL RELEVANCE In this largely surgically managed cohort, the association of soluble epoxide hydrolase metabolites, the DHETs, with more severe knee symptoms at 2 years provides a rationale for further investigation into the role of this pathway in persisting knee symptoms in this population, including potential therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Turnbull
- NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
- Centre for Analytical Bioscience, Advanced Materials and Healthcare Technologies Division, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Rakesh R. Jha
- NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
- Centre for Analytical Bioscience, Advanced Materials and Healthcare Technologies Division, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - David A. Barrett
- NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
- Centre for Analytical Bioscience, Advanced Materials and Healthcare Technologies Division, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Ana M. Valdes
- NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
- Injury, Recovery, and Inflammation Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Jennifer Alderson
- Centre for Osteoarthritis Pathogenesis Versus Arthritis, Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Andrew Williams
- Centre for Osteoarthritis Pathogenesis Versus Arthritis, Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Fortius Clinic, London, UK
| | - Tonia L. Vincent
- Centre for Osteoarthritis Pathogenesis Versus Arthritis, Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Fiona E. Watt
- Centre for Osteoarthritis Pathogenesis Versus Arthritis, Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Victoria Chapman
- NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
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Gulati M, Brewer G, Judge A, Kennedy D, Vincent TL, Watt FE. Could sex-specific subtypes of hand osteoarthritis exist? A retrospective study in women presenting to secondary care. Front Pain Res (Lausanne) 2024; 5:1331187. [PMID: 38410176 PMCID: PMC10895010 DOI: 10.3389/fpain.2024.1331187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Hand osteoarthritis is more common in women, and its risk increases around the time of the menopause. We set out to describe the timing between menopause and the onset of symptomatic hand osteoarthritis (OA), and associations with the use of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) or its discontinuation, describing any identifiable subgroups of women. Methods Retrospective healthcare-records study of sequential women referred to a specialist hand OA clinic, 2007-2015. Confirmation of hand OA diagnosis was by clinican, by accepted criteria. Demographics and clinical variables were from healthcare-records, recorded by standardised proforma. Outcomes of interest were reported age of onset of hand symptoms, reported age at final menstrual period (FMP), time from FMP to reported onset of hand symptoms and time from cessation of HRT to reported onset of hand symptoms. Exposure categories for systemic HRT use were never users, current users, previous users. Analysis of Variance compared groups; linear regression analysed associations of exposure with outcome. Results 82/92(89%) of eligible women were post-menopausal, mean age at FMP 49.9 years (SD5.4). In these post-menopausal women, median time from FMP to hand symptom onset was 3 years. 48/82 (59%) developed hand symptoms within the defined peri-menopausal period (FMP ± 4 years), whilst some women developed their symptoms before or after (range -25, 30 years). In women who discontinued HRT prior to symptom onset, the median time from HRT cessation to onset of hand symptoms was 6 months. Past HRT users were older at hand symptom onset than women who had not taken HRT [coeff.4.7 years (0.92, 8.39); P = 0.015]. Conclusions This study adds to evidence associating the menopause/sex hormone deficiency with hand OA symptom onset in a sizeable subgroup of women (but not all). HRT use/cessation appears to influence the timing of onset of hand OA symptoms. It is not possible to interpret from this type of study whether sex hormone deficiency is causative of disease or modulates its symptoms. It is also not possible to judge whether painful hand osteoarthritis in post-menopausal women is a subtype of disease. Further investigation is indicated of sex-specific subtypes and potential for personalised medicine for post-menopausal women with hand osteoarthritis, as a clearly definable high-risk subgroup.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malvika Gulati
- Centre for Osteoarthritis Pathogenesis Versus Arthritis, Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences (NDORMS), University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Department of Rheumatology, Charing Cross Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Gretchen Brewer
- Centre for Osteoarthritis Pathogenesis Versus Arthritis, Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences (NDORMS), University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Judge
- Musculoskeletal Research Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- Centre for Statistics in Medicine, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- National Institute for Health Research Bristol Biomedical Research Centre (NIHR Bristol BRC), University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Foundation Trust, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Donna Kennedy
- Therapies Department, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Tonia L. Vincent
- Centre for Osteoarthritis Pathogenesis Versus Arthritis, Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences (NDORMS), University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Department of Rheumatology, Charing Cross Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Fiona E. Watt
- Centre for Osteoarthritis Pathogenesis Versus Arthritis, Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences (NDORMS), University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Department of Rheumatology, Charing Cross Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Immunology & Inflammation, Hammersmith Campus, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
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Zhu L, Vincent TL. Genome-Wide Association Studies to Drug: Identifying Retinoic Acid Metabolism Blocking Agents to Suppress Mechanoflammation in Osteoarthritis. DNA Cell Biol 2023; 42:527-531. [PMID: 37418291 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2023.0197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a highly prevalent debilitating joint disease for which there are currently no licensed disease-modifying treatments. The pathogenesis of OA is complex, involving genetic, mechanical, biochemical, and environmental factors. Cartilage injury, arguably the most important driving factor in OA development, is able to activate both protective and inflammatory pathways within the tissue. Recently, >100 genetic risk variants for OA have been identified through Genome Wide Association Studies, which provide a powerful tool to validate existing putative disease pathways and discover new ones. Using such an approach, hypomorphic variants within the aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family member A2 (ALDH1A2) gene were shown to be associated with increased risk of severe hand OA. ALDH1A2 encodes the enzyme that synthesizes all-trans retinoic acid (atRA), an intracellular signaling molecule. This review summarizes the influence of the genetic variants on expression and function of ALDH1A2 in OA cartilage, its role in the mechanical injury response of cartilage, and its potent anti-inflammatory effect after cartilage injury. In doing so it identifies atRA metabolism-blocking agents as potential treatments for suppressing mechanoflammation in OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linyi Zhu
- Centre for Osteoarthritis Pathogenesis Versus Arthritis, Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, NDORMS, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Tonia L Vincent
- Centre for Osteoarthritis Pathogenesis Versus Arthritis, Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, NDORMS, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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Vincent TL, Conaghan PG. Are pro-regenerative therapies the future of osteoarthritis disease modification? Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2023; 31:1152-1153. [PMID: 37196977 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2023.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tonia L Vincent
- Centre for OA Pathogenesis Versus Arthritis, Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
| | - Philip G Conaghan
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, and NIHR Leeds Biomedical Research Centre, Leeds, UK.
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Kooblall KG, Stevenson M, Stewart M, Harris L, Zalucki O, Dewhurst H, Butterfield N, Leng H, Hough TA, Ma D, Siow B, Potter P, Cox RD, Brown SD, Horwood N, Wright B, Lockstone H, Buck D, Vincent TL, Hannan FM, Bassett JD, Williams GR, Lines KE, Piper M, Wells S, Teboul L, Hennekam RC, Thakker RV. A Mouse Model with a Frameshift Mutation in the Nuclear Factor I/X ( NFIX) Gene Has Phenotypic Features of Marshall-Smith Syndrome. JBMR Plus 2023; 7:e10739. [PMID: 37283649 PMCID: PMC10241085 DOI: 10.1002/jbm4.10739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The nuclear factor I/X (NFIX) gene encodes a ubiquitously expressed transcription factor whose mutations lead to two allelic disorders characterized by developmental, skeletal, and neural abnormalities, namely, Malan syndrome (MAL) and Marshall-Smith syndrome (MSS). NFIX mutations associated with MAL mainly cluster in exon 2 and are cleared by nonsense-mediated decay (NMD) leading to NFIX haploinsufficiency, whereas NFIX mutations associated with MSS are clustered in exons 6-10 and escape NMD and result in the production of dominant-negative mutant NFIX proteins. Thus, different NFIX mutations have distinct consequences on NFIX expression. To elucidate the in vivo effects of MSS-associated NFIX exon 7 mutations, we used CRISPR-Cas9 to generate mouse models with exon 7 deletions that comprised: a frameshift deletion of two nucleotides (Nfix Del2); in-frame deletion of 24 nucleotides (Nfix Del24); and deletion of 140 nucleotides (Nfix Del140). Nfix +/Del2, Nfix +/Del24, Nfix +/Del140, Nfix Del24/Del24, and Nfix Del140/Del140 mice were viable, normal, and fertile, with no skeletal abnormalities, but Nfix Del2/Del2 mice had significantly reduced viability (p < 0.002) and died at 2-3 weeks of age. Nfix Del2 was not cleared by NMD, and NfixDel2/Del2 mice, when compared to Nfix +/+ and Nfix +/Del2 mice, had: growth retardation; short stature with kyphosis; reduced skull length; marked porosity of the vertebrae with decreased vertebral and femoral bone mineral content; and reduced caudal vertebrae height and femur length. Plasma biochemistry analysis revealed Nfix Del2/Del2 mice to have increased total alkaline phosphatase activity but decreased C-terminal telopeptide and procollagen-type-1-N-terminal propeptide concentrations compared to Nfix +/+ and Nfix +/Del2 mice. Nfix Del2/Del2 mice were also found to have enlarged cerebral cortices and ventricular areas but smaller dentate gyrus compared to Nfix +/+ mice. Thus, Nfix Del2/Del2 mice provide a model for studying the in vivo effects of NFIX mutants that escape NMD and result in developmental abnormalities of the skeletal and neural tissues that are associated with MSS. © 2023 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kreepa G. Kooblall
- Academic Endocrine Unit, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism (OCDEM)University of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Mark Stevenson
- Academic Endocrine Unit, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism (OCDEM)University of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Michelle Stewart
- MRC Harwell, Mary Lyon CentreHarwell Science and Innovation CampusOxfordshireUK
| | | | - Oressia Zalucki
- The School of Biomedical Sciences and The Queensland Brain InstituteThe University of QueenslandBrisbaneAustralia
| | - Hannah Dewhurst
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College LondonHammersmith HospitalLondonUK
| | - Natalie Butterfield
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College LondonHammersmith HospitalLondonUK
| | - Houfu Leng
- Centre for OA Pathogenesis Versus Arthritis, The Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences (NDORMS)Medical Sciences Division University of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Tertius A. Hough
- MRC Harwell, Mary Lyon CentreHarwell Science and Innovation CampusOxfordshireUK
| | - Da Ma
- Department of Internal MedicineWake Forest University School of MedicineWinston‐SalemNCUSA
| | | | - Paul Potter
- MRC Harwell, Mary Lyon CentreHarwell Science and Innovation CampusOxfordshireUK
| | - Roger D. Cox
- MRC Harwell, Mary Lyon CentreHarwell Science and Innovation CampusOxfordshireUK
| | - Stephen D.M. Brown
- MRC Harwell, Mary Lyon CentreHarwell Science and Innovation CampusOxfordshireUK
| | - Nicole Horwood
- Centre for OA Pathogenesis Versus Arthritis, The Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences (NDORMS)Medical Sciences Division University of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Benjamin Wright
- Oxford Genomics Centre, The Wellcome Centre for Human GeneticsUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Helen Lockstone
- Oxford Genomics Centre, The Wellcome Centre for Human GeneticsUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - David Buck
- Oxford Genomics Centre, The Wellcome Centre for Human GeneticsUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Tonia L. Vincent
- Centre for OA Pathogenesis Versus Arthritis, The Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences (NDORMS)Medical Sciences Division University of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Fadil M. Hannan
- Academic Endocrine Unit, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism (OCDEM)University of OxfordOxfordUK
- Nuffield Department of Women's and Reproductive HealthUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - J.H. Duncan Bassett
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College LondonHammersmith HospitalLondonUK
| | - Graham R. Williams
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College LondonHammersmith HospitalLondonUK
| | - Kate E. Lines
- Academic Endocrine Unit, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism (OCDEM)University of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Michael Piper
- The School of Biomedical Sciences and The Queensland Brain InstituteThe University of QueenslandBrisbaneAustralia
| | - Sara Wells
- MRC Harwell, Mary Lyon CentreHarwell Science and Innovation CampusOxfordshireUK
| | - Lydia Teboul
- MRC Harwell, Mary Lyon CentreHarwell Science and Innovation CampusOxfordshireUK
| | - Raoul C. Hennekam
- Department of Pediatrics, Amsterdam UMCUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Rajesh V. Thakker
- Academic Endocrine Unit, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism (OCDEM)University of OxfordOxfordUK
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Fowkes MM, Troeberg L, Brennan PE, Vincent TL, Meldal M, Lim NH. Development of Selective ADAMTS-5 Peptide Substrates to Monitor Proteinase Activity. J Med Chem 2023; 66:3522-3539. [PMID: 36891740 PMCID: PMC10009750 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c02090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
The dysregulation of proteinase activity is a hallmark of osteoarthritis (OA), a disease characterized by progressive degradation of articular cartilage by catabolic proteinases such as a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin type I motifs-5 (ADAMTS-5). The ability to detect such activity sensitively would aid disease diagnosis and the evaluation of targeted therapies. Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) peptide substrates can detect and monitor disease-related proteinase activity. To date, FRET probes for detecting ADAMTS-5 activity are nonselective and relatively insensitive. We describe the development of rapidly cleaved and highly selective ADAMTS-5 FRET peptide substrates through in silico docking and combinatorial chemistry. The lead substrates 3 and 26 showed higher overall cleavage rates (∼3-4-fold) and catalytic efficiencies (∼1.5-2-fold) compared to the best current ADAMTS-5 substrate ortho-aminobenzoyl(Abz)-TESE↓SRGAIY-N-3-[2,4-dinitrophenyl]-l-2,3-diaminopropionyl(Dpa)-KK-NH2. They exhibited high selectivity for ADAMTS-5 over ADAMTS-4 (∼13-16-fold), MMP-2 (∼8-10-fold), and MMP-9 (∼548-2561-fold) and detected low nanomolar concentrations of ADAMTS-5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milan M. Fowkes
- Centre
for OA Pathogenesis Versus Arthritis, Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Headington, Oxford OX3 7FY, United Kingdom
| | - Linda Troeberg
- Norwich
Medical School, Bob Champion Research and Education Building, Rosalind
Franklin Road, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7UQ, United Kingdom
| | - Paul E. Brennan
- Alzheimer’s
Research UK Oxford Drug Discovery Institute, Centre for Medicines
Discovery, Nuffield Department of Medicine Research Building, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus, Headington, Oxford OX3 7FZ, United Kingdom
| | - Tonia L. Vincent
- Centre
for OA Pathogenesis Versus Arthritis, Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Headington, Oxford OX3 7FY, United Kingdom
| | - Morten Meldal
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, Building B304, Copenhagen DK-2100, Denmark
| | - Ngee H. Lim
- Centre
for OA Pathogenesis Versus Arthritis, Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Headington, Oxford OX3 7FY, United Kingdom
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Miotla-Zarebska J, Parisi I, Batchelor V, Vincent TL, Potter PK. Modeling and Assessing Osteoarthritis in Mice by Destabilization of the Medial Meniscus (DMM). Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2598:357-373. [PMID: 36355305 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2839-3_26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In this chapter, we describe an induced model of osteoarthritis in mice, frequently employed in the study of this disease. We outline in detail the surgical induction of disease and preparation of samples for histological assessment of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jadwiga Miotla-Zarebska
- Centre for Osteoarthritis Pathogenesis, Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Ida Parisi
- Centre for Osteoarthritis Pathogenesis, Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Vicky Batchelor
- Centre for Osteoarthritis Pathogenesis, Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Tonia L Vincent
- Centre for Osteoarthritis Pathogenesis, Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Paul K Potter
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, UK.
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Georgopoulos V, Smith S, McWilliams DF, Steultjens MPM, Williams A, Price A, Valdes AM, Vincent TL, Watt FE, Walsh DA. Harmonising knee pain patient-reported outcomes: a systematic literature review and meta-analysis of Patient Acceptable Symptom State (PASS) and individual participant data (IPD). Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2023; 31:83-95. [PMID: 36089231 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2022.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In order to facilitate data pooling between studies, we explored harmonisation of patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) in people with knee pain due to osteoarthritis or knee trauma, using the Patient Acceptable Symptom State scores (PASS) as a criterion. METHODS We undertook a systematic literature review (SLR) of PASS scores, and performed individual participant data (IPD) analysis of score distributions from concurrently completed PROM pairs. Numerical rating scales (NRS), visual analogue scales, KOOS and WOMAC pain questionnaires were standardised to 0 to 100 (worst) scales. Meta-regression explored associations of PASS. Bland Altman plots compared PROM scores within individuals using IPD from WebEx, KICK, MenTOR and NEKO studies. RESULTS SLR identified 18 studies reporting PASS in people with knee pain. Pooled standardised PASS was 27 (95% CI: 21 to 35; n = 6,339). PASS was statistically similar for each standardised PROM. Lower PASS was associated with lower baseline pain (β = 0.49, P = 0.01) and longer time from treatment initiation (Q = 6.35, P = 0.04). PASS scores were lowest in ligament rupture (12, 95% CI: 11 to 13), but similar between knee osteoarthritis (31, 95% CI: 26 to 36) and meniscal tear (27, 95% CI: 20 to 35). In IPD, standardised PROMs each revealed similar group mean scores, but scores within individuals diverged between PROMs (LoA between -7 to -38 and +25 to 52). CONCLUSION Different standardised PROMs give similar PASS thresholds in group data. PASS thresholds may be affected more by patient and treatment characteristics than between PROMs. However, different PROMs give divergent scores within individuals, possibly reflecting different experiences of pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Georgopoulos
- Academic Rheumatology, Pain Centre Versus Arthritis and NIHR Nottingham BRC, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, UK.
| | - S Smith
- Academic Rheumatology, Pain Centre Versus Arthritis and NIHR Nottingham BRC, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, UK.
| | - D F McWilliams
- Academic Rheumatology, Pain Centre Versus Arthritis and NIHR Nottingham BRC, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, UK.
| | - M P M Steultjens
- Centre for Living, School of Health and Life Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, UK.
| | - A Williams
- Centre for Osteoarthritis Pathogenesis Versus Arthritis, Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, UK; Fortius Clinic, London, UK.
| | - A Price
- Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Imperial College London, UK; Botnar Research Centre, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, UK.
| | - A M Valdes
- Academic Rheumatology, Pain Centre Versus Arthritis and NIHR Nottingham BRC, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, UK.
| | - T L Vincent
- Centre for Osteoarthritis Pathogenesis Versus Arthritis, Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, UK; Botnar Research Centre, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, UK.
| | - F E Watt
- Centre for Living, School of Health and Life Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, UK; Centre for Osteoarthritis Pathogenesis Versus Arthritis, Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, UK; Centre for Sport, Exercise and Osteoarthritis Research Versus Arthritis, UK.
| | - D A Walsh
- Academic Rheumatology, Pain Centre Versus Arthritis and NIHR Nottingham BRC, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, UK.
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Jansen MP, Salzlechner C, Barnes E, DiFranco MD, Custers RJH, Watt FE, Vincent TL, Mastbergen SC. Artificial Intelligence in osteoarthritis: repair by knee joint distraction shows association of pain, radiographic and immunologic outcomes. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2022:6965036. [PMID: 36579863 PMCID: PMC10393432 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/keac723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Knee joint distraction (KJD) has been associated with clinical and structural improvement and synovial fluid (SF) marker changes. The current objective was to analyze radiographic changes after KJD using an automatic AI-based measurement method, and relate these to clinical outcome and SF markers. METHODS 20 knee osteoarthritis patients were treated with KJD in regular care. Radiographs and WOMAC were collected before and ∼1-year post-treatment. SF was aspirated before, during, and after treatment; biomarker levels were assessed by immunoassay. Radiographs were analyzed to obtain compartmental minimum and standardized joint space width (JSW), Kellgren-Lawrence (KL) grades, compartmental joint space narrowing (JSN) scores, and osteophytosis and sclerosis scores. Results were analyzed for the most (MAC) and least affected compartment. Radiographic changes were analyzed using Wilcoxon Signed Rank tests for categorical and paired t-test for continuous variables. Linear regression was used to calculate associations between changes in JSW, WOMAC pain, and SF markers. RESULTS 16 Patients could be evaluated. JSW, KL and JSN improved in around half of the patients, significant only for MAC JSW (p< 0.05). MAC JSW change was positively associated with WOMAC pain change (p< 0.04). Greater MCP-1 and lower TGFβ-1 increases were significantly associated with changes in MAC JSW (p< 0.05). MCP-1 changes were positively associated with WOMAC pain changes (p< 0.05). CONCLUSION Automatic radiographic measurements show improved joint structure in most patients after KJD in regular care. MAC JSW increased significantly and was associated with SF biomarker level changes and even with improvements in pain as experienced by these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mylène P Jansen
- Department of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | - Roel J H Custers
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Fiona E Watt
- Centre for Osteoarthritis Pathogenesis Versus Arthritis, Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology, and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Centre for Inflammatory Disease, Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Tonia L Vincent
- Centre for Osteoarthritis Pathogenesis Versus Arthritis, Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology, and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Simon C Mastbergen
- Department of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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11
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Zhu L, Kamalathevan P, Koneva LA, Zarebska JM, Chanalaris A, Ismail H, Wiberg A, Ng M, Muhammad H, Walsby-Tickle J, McCullagh JSO, Watt FE, Sansom SN, Furniss D, Gardiner MD, Vincent TL, Riley N, Spiteri M, McNab I, Little C, Cogswell L, Critchley P, Giele H, Shirley R. Variants in ALDH1A2 reveal an anti-inflammatory role for retinoic acid and a new class of disease-modifying drugs in osteoarthritis. Sci Transl Med 2022; 14:eabm4054. [PMID: 36542696 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abm4054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
More than 40% of individuals will develop osteoarthritis (OA) during their lifetime, yet there are currently no licensed disease-modifying treatments for this disabling condition. Common polymorphic variants in ALDH1A2, which encodes the key enzyme for synthesis of all-trans retinoic acid (atRA), are associated with severe hand OA. Here, we sought to elucidate the biological significance of this association. We first confirmed that ALDH1A2 risk variants were associated with hand OA in the U.K. Biobank. Articular cartilage was acquired from 33 individuals with hand OA at the time of routine hand OA surgery. After stratification by genotype, RNA sequencing was performed. A reciprocal relationship between ALDH1A2 mRNA and inflammatory genes was observed. Articular cartilage injury up-regulated similar inflammatory genes by a process that we have previously termed mechanoflammation, which we believe is a primary driver of OA. Cartilage injury was also associated with a concomitant drop in atRA-inducible genes, which were used as a surrogate measure of cellular atRA concentration. Both responses to injury were reversed using talarozole, a retinoic acid metabolism blocking agent (RAMBA). Suppression of mechanoflammation by talarozole was mediated by a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ)-dependent mechanism. Talarozole was able to suppress mechano-inflammatory genes in articular cartilage in vivo 6 hours after mouse knee joint destabilization and reduced cartilage degradation and osteophyte formation after 26 days. These data show that boosting atRA suppresses mechanoflammation in the articular cartilage in vitro and in vivo and identifies RAMBAs as potential disease-modifying drugs for OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linyi Zhu
- Centre for Osteoarthritis Pathogenesis Versus Arthritis, Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, NDORMS, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FY, UK
| | - Pragash Kamalathevan
- Centre for Osteoarthritis Pathogenesis Versus Arthritis, Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, NDORMS, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FY, UK
| | - Lada A Koneva
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, NDORMS, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FY, UK
| | - Jadwiga Miotla Zarebska
- Centre for Osteoarthritis Pathogenesis Versus Arthritis, Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, NDORMS, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FY, UK
| | - Anastasios Chanalaris
- Centre for Osteoarthritis Pathogenesis Versus Arthritis, Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, NDORMS, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FY, UK
| | - Heba Ismail
- Centre for Osteoarthritis Pathogenesis Versus Arthritis, Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, NDORMS, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FY, UK
- Healthy Lifespan Institute (HELSI) and Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
| | - Akira Wiberg
- Botnar Research Centre, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LD, UK
| | - Michael Ng
- Botnar Research Centre, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LD, UK
| | - Hayat Muhammad
- Centre for Osteoarthritis Pathogenesis Versus Arthritis, Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, NDORMS, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FY, UK
| | - John Walsby-Tickle
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, UK
| | - James S O McCullagh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Fiona E Watt
- Centre for Osteoarthritis Pathogenesis Versus Arthritis, Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, NDORMS, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FY, UK
- Centre for Inflammatory Disease, Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Stephen N Sansom
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, NDORMS, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FY, UK
| | - Dominic Furniss
- Botnar Research Centre, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LD, UK
| | - Matthew D Gardiner
- Centre for Osteoarthritis Pathogenesis Versus Arthritis, Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, NDORMS, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FY, UK
| | - Tonia L Vincent
- Centre for Osteoarthritis Pathogenesis Versus Arthritis, Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, NDORMS, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FY, UK
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12
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Williams JAE, Chester-Jones M, Minns Lowe C, Goff MV, Francis A, Brewer G, Marian I, Morris SL, Warwick D, Eldridge L, Julier P, Gulati M, Barker KL, Barber VS, Black J, Woollacott S, Mackworth-Young C, Glover V, Lamb SE, Vincent TL, Vincent K, Dutton SJ, Watt FE. Hormone replacement therapy (conjugated oestrogens plus bazedoxifene) for post-menopausal women with symptomatic hand osteoarthritis: primary report from the HOPE-e randomised, placebo-controlled, feasibility study. Lancet Rheumatol 2022; 4:e725-e737. [PMID: 36341025 PMCID: PMC9620575 DOI: 10.1016/s2665-9913(22)00218-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Background Symptomatic hand osteoarthritis is more common in women than in men, and its incidence increases around the age of menopause, implicating oestrogen deficiency. No randomised controlled trials of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) have been done in people with hand osteoarthritis. We aimed to determine the feasibility and acceptability of a form of HRT (conjugated oestrogens plus bazedoxifene) in post-menopausal women with painful hand osteoarthritis. Methods The HOPE-e feasibility study was a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, for which we recruited women aged 40-65 years, for whom 1-10 years had passed after their final menstrual period, with definite hand osteoarthritis and at least two painful hand joints. Participants were recruited across three primary or secondary care sites and from the community and were randomly assigned (1:1) to receive conjugated oestrogens plus bazedoxifene or placebo, orally once every day for 24 weeks, before weaning for 4 weeks until the end of the study. The primary feasibility outcomes were rates of identification, recruitment, randomisation, retention, and compliance of eligible participants, and the likelihood of unmasking. The secondary objective was to generate proof-of-concept quantitative and qualitative data on the acceptability of proposed clinical outcomes for a full trial and adverse events. We used an intention-to-treat analysis, and criteria for progression to a full trial were pre-defined as recruitment of at least 30 participants across all sites in 18 months; a dropout rate of less than or equal to 30% of randomised individuals; and acceptability to the majority of participants, including acceptable rates of adverse events. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the recruitment window was reduced to 12-15 months. A proportionately reduced minimum sample size of 22 was judged to be sufficient to test feasibility. This trial was registered at ISRCTN, ISRCTN12196200. Findings From May 9, 2019 to Dec 31, 2020, 434 enquiries or referrals were received. We did 96 telephone pre-screens; of the 35 eligible participants, seven were excluded as ineligible at the telephone or face-to-face screening and 28 (80% [95% CI 63-92]) were randomly assigned. Of the 406 who were not randomly assigned, 250 (62%) were ineligible (with contraindicated medications accounting for 50 [20%] of these), 101 (25%) did not respond to further enquiries, and 55 (14%) chose not to proceed (with the most common reason being not wanting to take a hormone-based drug). All 28 randomised participants completed all follow-up assessments with high compliance and outcome measure completeness. All three adverse event-related treatment withdrawals were in the placebo group. No serious adverse events were reported. Participants and investigators were successfully masked (participant Bang's blinding index placebo group 0·50 [95% CI 0·25-0·75]). The trial met the prespecified criteria for progression to a full trial. Interpretation This first-ever feasibility study of a randomised controlled trial of HRT for post-menopausal women with painful hand osteoarthritis met its progression criteria, although it was not powered to detect a clinical effect. This outcome indicates that a full trial of an HRT in this population is feasible and acceptable and identifies potential refinements with regard to the design of such a trial. Funding Research for Patient Benefit programme, National Institute for Health Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer A E Williams
- Oxford Clinical Trials Research Unit (OCTRU), Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences (NDORMS), University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Centre for Osteoarthritis Pathogenesis Versus Arthritis, Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, NDORMS, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Mae Chester-Jones
- OCTRU, Centre for Statistics in Medicine, NDORMS, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Catherine Minns Lowe
- Physiotherapy Research Unit, Physiotherapy Department, Nuffield Orthopaedic Centre, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Megan V Goff
- Oxford Clinical Trials Research Unit (OCTRU), Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences (NDORMS), University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Centre for Osteoarthritis Pathogenesis Versus Arthritis, Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, NDORMS, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Cancer Prevention Trials Unit, King's College London Guy's Campus, London, UK
| | - Anne Francis
- Oxford Clinical Trials Research Unit (OCTRU), Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences (NDORMS), University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Gretchen Brewer
- Centre for Osteoarthritis Pathogenesis Versus Arthritis, Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, NDORMS, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Ioana Marian
- OCTRU, Centre for Statistics in Medicine, NDORMS, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Susan L Morris
- National Institute for Health and Care Research Clinical research Network (Thames Valley and South Midlands), Nuffield Orthopaedic Centre, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Lucy Eldridge
- Oxford Clinical Trials Research Unit (OCTRU), Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences (NDORMS), University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Patrick Julier
- Oxford Clinical Trials Research Unit (OCTRU), Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences (NDORMS), University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Malvika Gulati
- Centre for Osteoarthritis Pathogenesis Versus Arthritis, Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, NDORMS, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Karen L Barker
- Physiotherapy Research Unit, Physiotherapy Department, Nuffield Orthopaedic Centre, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Vicki S Barber
- Oxford Clinical Trials Research Unit (OCTRU), Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences (NDORMS), University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Joanna Black
- Oxford Clinical Trials Research Unit (OCTRU), Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences (NDORMS), University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Sue Woollacott
- Centre for Osteoarthritis Pathogenesis Versus Arthritis, Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, NDORMS, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Charles Mackworth-Young
- Rheumatology Department, Charing Cross Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
| | | | - Sarah E Lamb
- Centre for Rehabilitation Research, NDORMS, Oxford, University of Oxford, UK
- College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Tonia L Vincent
- Centre for Osteoarthritis Pathogenesis Versus Arthritis, Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, NDORMS, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Rheumatology Department, Charing Cross Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Katy Vincent
- Nuffield Department of Women's and Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Susan J Dutton
- OCTRU, Centre for Statistics in Medicine, NDORMS, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Fiona E Watt
- Centre for Osteoarthritis Pathogenesis Versus Arthritis, Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, NDORMS, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Rheumatology Department, Charing Cross Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
- Centre for Inflammatory Disease, Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Correspondence to: Dr Fiona E Watt, Centre for Inflammatory Disease, Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK
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13
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Merrild NG, Holzmann V, Ariosa-Morejon Y, Faull PA, Coleman J, Barrell WB, Young G, Fischer R, Kelly DJ, Addison O, Vincent TL, Grigoriadis AE, Gentleman E. Local depletion of proteoglycans mediates cartilage tissue repair in an ex vivo integration model. Acta Biomater 2022; 149:179-188. [PMID: 35779773 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2022.06.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Successfully replacing damaged cartilage with tissue-engineered constructs requires integration with the host tissue and could benefit from leveraging the native tissue's intrinsic healing capacity; however, efforts are limited by a poor understanding of how cartilage repairs minor defects. Here, we investigated the conditions that foster natural cartilage tissue repair to identify strategies that might be exploited to enhance the integration of engineered/grafted cartilage with host tissue. We damaged porcine articular cartilage explants and using a combination of pulsed SILAC-based proteomics, ultrastructural imaging, and catabolic enzyme blocking strategies reveal that integration of damaged cartilage surfaces is not driven by neo-matrix synthesis, but rather local depletion of proteoglycans. ADAMTS4 expression and activity are upregulated in injured cartilage explants, but integration could be reduced by inhibiting metalloproteinase activity with TIMP3. These observations suggest that catabolic enzyme-mediated proteoglycan depletion likely allows existing collagen fibrils to undergo cross-linking, fibrillogenesis, or entanglement, driving integration. Catabolic enzymes are often considered pathophysiological markers of osteoarthritis. Our findings suggest that damage-induced upregulation of metalloproteinase activity may be a part of a healing response that tips towards tissue destruction under pathological conditions and in osteoarthritis, but could also be harnessed in tissue engineering strategies to mediate repair. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Cartilage tissue engineering strategies require graft integration with the surrounding tissue; however, how the native tissue repairs minor injuries is poorly understood. We applied pulsed SILAC-based proteomics, ultrastructural imaging, and catabolic enzyme blocking strategies to a porcine cartilage explant model and found that integration of damaged cartilage surfaces is driven by catabolic enzyme-mediated local depletion of proteoglycans. Although catabolic enzymes have been implicated in cartilage destruction in osteoarthritis, our findings suggest that damage-induced upregulation of metalloproteinase activity may be a part of a healing response that tips towards tissue destruction under pathological conditions. They also suggest that this natural cartilage tissue repair process could be harnessed in tissue engineering strategies to enhance the integration of engineered cartilage with host tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Groth Merrild
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, King's College London, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Viktoria Holzmann
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, King's College London, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Yoanna Ariosa-Morejon
- Centre for OA Pathogenesis Versus Arthritis, Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FY, UK
| | - Peter A Faull
- College of Pharmacy, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Jennifer Coleman
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, King's College London, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - William B Barrell
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, King's College London, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Gloria Young
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Roman Fischer
- Target Discovery Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FZ, UK
| | - Daniel J Kelly
- Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Owen Addison
- Centre for Oral, Clinical and Translational Sciences, King's College London, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Tonia L Vincent
- Centre for OA Pathogenesis Versus Arthritis, Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FY, UK
| | | | - Eileen Gentleman
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, King's College London, London SE1 9RT, UK.
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14
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Dzamukova M, Brunner TM, Miotla-Zarebska J, Heinrich F, Brylka L, Mashreghi MF, Kusumbe A, Kühn R, Schinke T, Vincent TL, Löhning M. Mechanical forces couple bone matrix mineralization with inhibition of angiogenesis to limit adolescent bone growth. Nat Commun 2022; 13:3059. [PMID: 35650194 PMCID: PMC9160028 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-30618-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone growth requires a specialised, highly angiogenic blood vessel subtype, so-called type H vessels, which pave the way for osteoblasts surrounding these vessels. At the end of adolescence, type H vessels differentiate into quiescent type L endothelium lacking the capacity to promote bone growth. Until now, the signals that switch off type H vessel identity and thus limit adolescent bone growth have remained ill defined. Here we show that mechanical forces, associated with increased body weight at the end of adolescence, trigger the mechanoreceptor PIEZO1 and thereby mediate enhanced production of the kinase FAM20C in osteoblasts. FAM20C, the major kinase of the secreted phosphoproteome, phosphorylates dentin matrix protein 1, previously identified as a key factor in bone mineralization. Thereupon, dentin matrix protein 1 is secreted from osteoblasts in a burst-like manner. Extracellular dentin matrix protein 1 inhibits vascular endothelial growth factor signalling by preventing phosphorylation of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2. Hence, secreted dentin matrix protein 1 transforms type H vessels into type L to limit bone growth activity and enhance bone mineralization. The discovered mechanism may suggest new options for the treatment of diseases characterised by aberrant activity of bone and vessels such as osteoarthritis, osteoporosis and osteosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Dzamukova
- Pitzer Laboratory of Osteoarthritis Research, German Rheumatism Research Centre (DRFZ), a Leibniz Institute, Berlin, Germany.
- Experimental Immunology and Osteoarthritis Research, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Tobias M Brunner
- Pitzer Laboratory of Osteoarthritis Research, German Rheumatism Research Centre (DRFZ), a Leibniz Institute, Berlin, Germany
- Experimental Immunology and Osteoarthritis Research, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jadwiga Miotla-Zarebska
- Centre for Osteoarthritis Pathogenesis Versus Arthritis, Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Frederik Heinrich
- Therapeutic Gene Regulation, Regine von Ramin Lab Molecular Rheumatology, German Rheumatism Research Centre (DRFZ), a Leibniz Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Laura Brylka
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Mir-Farzin Mashreghi
- Therapeutic Gene Regulation, Regine von Ramin Lab Molecular Rheumatology, German Rheumatism Research Centre (DRFZ), a Leibniz Institute, Berlin, Germany
- BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anjali Kusumbe
- Tissue and Tumour Microenvironments Group, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Ralf Kühn
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany
| | - Thorsten Schinke
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Tonia L Vincent
- Centre for Osteoarthritis Pathogenesis Versus Arthritis, Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Max Löhning
- Pitzer Laboratory of Osteoarthritis Research, German Rheumatism Research Centre (DRFZ), a Leibniz Institute, Berlin, Germany.
- Experimental Immunology and Osteoarthritis Research, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
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15
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Vincent TL. OA synovial fluid: biological insights into a whole-joint disease. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2022; 30:765-766. [PMID: 35257863 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2022.02.618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- T L Vincent
- Centre for OA Pathogenesis, Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, UK.
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16
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Coveney CR, Samvelyan HJ, Miotla-Zarebska J, Carnegie J, Chang E, Corrin CJ, Coveney T, Stott B, Parisi I, Duarte C, Vincent TL, Staines KA, Wann AK. Ciliary IFT88 Protects Coordinated Adolescent Growth Plate Ossification From Disruptive Physiological Mechanical Forces. J Bone Miner Res 2022; 37:1081-1096. [PMID: 35038201 PMCID: PMC9304194 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.4502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Compared with our understanding of endochondral ossification, much less is known about the coordinated arrest of growth defined by the narrowing and fusion of the cartilaginous growth plate. Throughout the musculoskeletal system, appropriate cell and tissue responses to mechanical force delineate morphogenesis and ensure lifelong health. It remains unclear how mechanical cues are integrated into many biological programs, including those coordinating the ossification of the adolescent growth plate at the cessation of growth. Primary cilia are microtubule-based organelles tuning a range of cell activities, including signaling cascades activated or modulated by extracellular biophysical cues. Cilia have been proposed to directly facilitate cell mechanotransduction. To explore the influence of primary cilia in the mouse adolescent limb, we conditionally targeted the ciliary gene Intraflagellar transport protein 88 (Ift88fl/fl ) in the juvenile and adolescent skeleton using a cartilage-specific, inducible Cre (AggrecanCreERT2 Ift88fl/fl ). Deletion of IFT88 in cartilage, which reduced ciliation in the growth plate, disrupted chondrocyte differentiation, cartilage resorption, and mineralization. These effects were largely restricted to peripheral tibial regions beneath the load-bearing compartments of the knee. These regions were typified by an enlarged population of hypertrophic chondrocytes. Although normal patterns of hedgehog signaling were maintained, targeting IFT88 inhibited hypertrophic chondrocyte VEGF expression and downstream vascular recruitment, osteoclastic activity, and the replacement of cartilage with bone. In control mice, increases to physiological loading also impair ossification in the peripheral growth plate, mimicking the effects of IFT88 deletion. Limb immobilization inhibited changes to VEGF expression and epiphyseal morphology in Ift88cKO mice, indicating the effects of depletion of IFT88 in the adolescent growth plate are mechano-dependent. We propose that during this pivotal phase in adolescent skeletal maturation, ciliary IFT88 protects uniform, coordinated ossification of the growth plate from an otherwise disruptive heterogeneity of physiological mechanical forces. © 2022 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
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Affiliation(s)
- Clarissa R Coveney
- Centre for OA Pathogenesis Versus Arthritis, The Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Hasmik J Samvelyan
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Brighton, Brighton, UK
| | - Jadwiga Miotla-Zarebska
- Centre for OA Pathogenesis Versus Arthritis, The Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Josephine Carnegie
- Centre for OA Pathogenesis Versus Arthritis, The Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Emer Chang
- Centre for OA Pathogenesis Versus Arthritis, The Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - C Jonty Corrin
- Centre for OA Pathogenesis Versus Arthritis, The Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Trystan Coveney
- Centre for OA Pathogenesis Versus Arthritis, The Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Bryony Stott
- Centre for OA Pathogenesis Versus Arthritis, The Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Ida Parisi
- Centre for OA Pathogenesis Versus Arthritis, The Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Claudia Duarte
- Centre for OA Pathogenesis Versus Arthritis, The Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Tonia L Vincent
- Centre for OA Pathogenesis Versus Arthritis, The Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Katherine A Staines
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Brighton, Brighton, UK
| | - Angus Kt Wann
- Centre for OA Pathogenesis Versus Arthritis, The Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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Vincent TL, McClurg O, Troeberg L. The Extracellular Matrix of Articular Cartilage Controls the Bioavailability of Pericellular Matrix-Bound Growth Factors to Drive Tissue Homeostasis and Repair. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:6003. [PMID: 35682681 PMCID: PMC9181404 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23116003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) has long been regarded as a packing material; supporting cells within the tissue and providing tensile strength and protection from mechanical stress. There is little surprise when one considers the dynamic nature of many of the individual proteins that contribute to the ECM, that we are beginning to appreciate a more nuanced role for the ECM in tissue homeostasis and disease. Articular cartilage is adapted to be able to perceive and respond to mechanical load. Indeed, physiological loads are essential to maintain cartilage thickness in a healthy joint and excessive mechanical stress is associated with the breakdown of the matrix that is seen in osteoarthritis (OA). Although the trigger by which increased mechanical stress drives catabolic pathways remains unknown, one mechanism by which cartilage responds to increased compressive load is by the release of growth factors that are sequestered in the pericellular matrix. These are heparan sulfate-bound growth factors that appear to be largely chondroprotective and displaced by an aggrecan-dependent sodium flux. Emerging evidence suggests that the released growth factors act in a coordinated fashion to drive cartilage repair. Thus, we are beginning to appreciate that the ECM is the key mechano-sensor and mechano-effector in cartilage, responsible for directing subsequent cellular events of relevance to joint health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tonia L. Vincent
- Centre for OA Pathogenesis Versus Arthritis, Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FY, UK
| | - Oliver McClurg
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, Norwich NR4 7UQ, UK; (O.M.); (L.T.)
| | - Linda Troeberg
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, Norwich NR4 7UQ, UK; (O.M.); (L.T.)
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Fowkes MM, Das Neves Borges P, Cacho-Nerin F, Brennan PE, Vincent TL, Lim NH. Imaging articular cartilage in osteoarthritis using targeted peptide radiocontrast agents. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0268223. [PMID: 35536857 PMCID: PMC9089912 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0268223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Established MRI and emerging X-ray contrast agents for non-invasive imaging of articular cartilage rely on non-selective electrostatic interactions with negatively charged proteoglycans. These contrast agents have limited prognostic utility in diseases such as osteoarthritis (OA) due to the characteristic high turnover of proteoglycans. To overcome this limitation, we developed a radiocontrast agent that targets the type II collagen macromolecule in cartilage and used it to monitor disease progression in a murine model of OA. Methods To confer radiopacity to cartilage contrast agents, the naturally occurring tyrosine derivative 3,5-diiodo-L-tyrosine (DIT) was introduced into a selective peptide for type II collagen. Synthetic DIT peptide derivatives were synthesised by Fmoc-based solid-phase peptide synthesis and binding to ex vivo mouse tibial cartilage evaluated by high-resolution micro-CT. Di-Iodotyrosinated Peptide Imaging of Cartilage (DIPIC) was performed ex vivo and in vivo 4, 8 and 12 weeks in mice after induction of OA by destabilisation of the medial meniscus (DMM). Finally, human osteochondral plugs were imaged ex vivo using DIPIC. Results Fifteen DIT peptides were synthesised and tested, yielding seven leads with varying cartilage binding strengths. DIPIC visualised ex vivo murine articular cartilage comparably to the ex vivo contrast agent phosphotungstic acid. Intra-articular injection of contrast agent followed by in vivo DIPIC enabled delineation of damaged murine articular cartilage. Finally, the translational potential of the contrast agent was confirmed by visualisation of ex vivo human cartilage explants. Conclusion DIPIC has reduction and refinement implications in OA animal research and potential clinical translation to imaging human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milan M. Fowkes
- Centre for OA Pathogenesis Versus Arthritis, Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Patricia Das Neves Borges
- Centre for OA Pathogenesis Versus Arthritis, Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Fernando Cacho-Nerin
- Diamond Light Source Ltd, Diamond House, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, United Kingdom
| | - Paul E. Brennan
- Target Discovery Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine Research Building, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Tonia L. Vincent
- Centre for OA Pathogenesis Versus Arthritis, Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Ngee H. Lim
- Centre for OA Pathogenesis Versus Arthritis, Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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Vincent TL, Alliston T, Kapoor M, Loeser RF, Troeberg L, Little CB. Osteoarthritis Pathophysiology: Therapeutic Target Discovery may Require a Multifaceted Approach. Clin Geriatr Med 2022; 38:193-219. [PMID: 35410676 PMCID: PMC9107912 DOI: 10.1016/j.cger.2021.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Molecular understanding of osteoarthritis (OA) has greatly increased through careful analysis of tissue samples, preclinical models, and large-scale agnostic "-omic" studies. There is broad acceptance that systemic and biomechanical signals affect multiple tissues of the joint, each of which could potentially be targeted to improve patient outcomes. In this review six experts in different aspects of OA pathogenesis provide their independent view on what they believe to be good tractable approaches to OA target discovery. We conclude that molecular discovery has been high but future transformative studies require a multidisciplinary holistic approach to develop therapeutic strategies with high clinical efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tonia L Vincent
- Centre for Osteoarthritis Pathogenesis Versus Arthritis, Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FY, UK
| | - Tamara Alliston
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Mohit Kapoor
- Department of Surgery and Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, Schroeder Arthritis Institute, Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Richard F Loeser
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology and the Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Linda Troeberg
- University of East Anglia, Norwich Medical School, Norwich NR4 7UQ, UK
| | - Christopher B Little
- Raymond Purves Bone and Joint Research Laboratories, Kolling Institute University of Sydney Faculty of Medicine and Health at Royal North Shore Hospital, St. Leonards, New South Wales 2065, Australia.
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20
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Chaudhry N, Muhammad H, Seidl C, Downes D, Young DA, Hao Y, Zhu L, Vincent TL. Highly efficient CRISPR-Cas9-mediated editing identifies novel mechanosensitive microRNA-140 targets in primary human articular chondrocytes. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2022; 30:596-604. [PMID: 35074547 PMCID: PMC8987936 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2022.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE MicroRNA 140 (miR-140) is a chondrocyte-specific endogenous gene regulator implicated in osteoarthritis (OA). As mechanical injury is a primary aetiological factor in OA, we investigated miR-140-dependent mechanosensitive gene regulation using a novel CRISPR-Cas9 methodology in primary human chondrocytes. METHOD Primary (passage 1/2) human OA chondrocytes were isolated from arthroplasty samples (six donors) and transfected with ribonuclear protein complexes or plasmids using single guide RNAs (sgRNAs) targeting miR-140, in combination with Cas9 endonuclease. Combinations of sgRNAs and single/double transfections were tested. Gene editing was measured by T7 endonuclease 1 (T7E1) assay. miRNA levels were confirmed by qPCR in chondrocytes and in wild type murine femoral head cartilage after acute injury. Predicted close match off-targets were examined. Mechanosensitive miR-140 target validation was assessed in 42 injury-associated genes using TaqMan Microfluidic cards in targeted and donor-matched control chondrocytes. Identified targets were examined in RNAseq data from costal chondrocytes from miR-140-/- mice. RESULTS High efficiency gene editing of miR-140 (90-98%) was obtained when two sgRNAs were combined with double RNP-mediated CRISPR-Cas9 transfection. miR-140 levels fell rapidly after femoral cartilage injury. Of the top eight miR-140 gene targets identified (P < 0.01), we validated three previously identified ones (septin 2, bone morphogenetic protein 2 and fibroblast growth factor 2). Novel targets included Agrin, a newly recognised pro-regenerative cartilage agent, and proteins associated with retinoic acid signalling and the primary cilium. CONCLUSION We describe a highly efficient CRISPR-Cas9-mediated strategy for gene editing in primary human chondrocytes and identify several novel mechanosensitive miR-140 targets of disease relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Chaudhry
- Centre for OA Pathogenesis Versus Arthritis, Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, OX3 7FY, United Kingdom
| | - H Muhammad
- Centre for OA Pathogenesis Versus Arthritis, Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, OX3 7FY, United Kingdom
| | - C Seidl
- Centre for OA Pathogenesis Versus Arthritis, Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, OX3 7FY, United Kingdom
| | - D Downes
- MRC Molecular Haematology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, OX3 9DS, United Kingdom
| | - D A Young
- Skeletal Research Group, Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Central Parkway, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE1 3BZ, United Kingdom
| | - Y Hao
- Skeletal Research Group, Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Central Parkway, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE1 3BZ, United Kingdom
| | - L Zhu
- Centre for OA Pathogenesis Versus Arthritis, Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, OX3 7FY, United Kingdom
| | - T L Vincent
- Centre for OA Pathogenesis Versus Arthritis, Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, OX3 7FY, United Kingdom.
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Jones D, Vardakastani V, Kedgley AE, Gardiner MD, Vincent TL, Culmer PR, Alazmani A. HAILO: A Sensorised Hand Splint for the Exploration of Interaction Forces. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 2022; 69:2850-2859. [PMID: 35230945 DOI: 10.1109/tbme.2022.3155589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
This study presents the design and development of an instrumented splint for measuring the biomechanical effects of hand splinting, and for assessing interface loading characteristics for people with arthritis. Sixteen multi-axial soft load-sensing nodes were mounted on the splint-skin interface of a custom 3D printed thumb splint. The splint was used to measure the interface forces between splint and hand in 12 healthy participants in 6 everyday tasks. Forces were compared between a baseline relaxed hand position and during states of active use. These data were used to generate a measure of sensor activity across the splint surface. Through direct comparison with a commercial splint, the 3D printed splint was deemed to provide similar levels of support. Observation of the activity across the 16 sensors showed that active areas of the splint surface varied between tasks but were commonly focused at the base of the thumb. Our findings show promise in the ability to detect the changing forces imparted on the hand by the splint surface, objectively characterising their behaviour. This opens the opportunity for future study into the biomechanical effects of splints on arthritic thumbs to improve this important intervention and improve quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- T L Vincent
- Centre for OA Pathogenesis Versus Arthritis, Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, NDORMS, London OX37FY, United Kingdom.
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23
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Pollock L, Ridout A, Teh J, Nnadi C, Stavroulias D, Pitcher A, Blair E, Wordsworth P, Vincent TL. The Musculoskeletal Manifestations of Marfan Syndrome: Diagnosis, Impact, and Management. Curr Rheumatol Rep 2021; 23:81. [PMID: 34825999 PMCID: PMC8626407 DOI: 10.1007/s11926-021-01045-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Purpose of Review
Marfan syndrome (MFS) is an autosomal dominant heritable disorder of fibrillin-1 (FBN1) with predominantly ocular, cardiovascular, and musculoskeletal manifestations that has a population prevalence of approximately 1 in 5–10,000 (Chiu et al. Mayo Clin Proc. 89(1):34–42, 146, Dietz 3, Loeys et al. J Med Genet. 47(7):476–85, 4). Recent Findings The vascular complications of MFS still pose the greatest threat, but effective management options, such as regular cardiac monitoring and elective surgical intervention, have reduced the risk of life-threatening cardiovascular events, such as aortic dissection. Although cardiovascular morbidity and mortality remains high, these improvements in cardiovascular management have extended the life expectancy of those with MFS by perhaps 30–50 years from an estimated mean of 32 years in 1972 (Dietz 3, Gott et al. Eur J Cardio-thoracic Surg. 10(3):149–58, 147, Murdoch et al. N Engl J Med. 286(15):804–8, 148). The musculoskeletal manifestations of MFS, which to date have received less attention, can also have a significant impact on the quality of life and are likely to become more important as the age of the Marfan syndrome population increases (Hasan et al. Int J Clin Pract. 61(8):1308–1320, 127). In addition, musculoskeletal manifestations are often critically important in the diagnosis of MFS. Summary Here, we review the main clinically relevant and diagnostically useful musculoskeletal features of MFS, which together contribute to the “systemic features score” (referred to hereafter as systemic score), part of the revised Ghent nosology for MFS. We discuss current treatment strategies and highlight the need for a multidisciplinary approach to diagnosis and management. Finally, we review new pharmacological approaches that may be disease modifying and could help to improve the outcome for individuals with this syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lily Pollock
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, NDORMS, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Ashley Ridout
- Department of Rheumatology, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - James Teh
- Department of Radiology, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, England, UK
| | - Colin Nnadi
- Department of Surgery, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Alex Pitcher
- Department of Cardiology, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Edward Blair
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Paul Wordsworth
- Department of Rheumatology, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Tonia L Vincent
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, NDORMS, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK. .,Department of Rheumatology, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK.
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Ariosa-Morejon Y, Santos A, Fischer R, Davis S, Charles P, Thakker R, Wann AK, Vincent TL. Age-dependent changes in protein incorporation into collagen-rich tissues of mice by in vivo pulsed SILAC labelling. eLife 2021; 10:66635. [PMID: 34581667 PMCID: PMC8478409 DOI: 10.7554/elife.66635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Collagen-rich tissues have poor reparative capacity that predisposes to common age-related disorders such as osteoporosis and osteoarthritis. We used in vivo pulsed SILAC labelling to quantify new protein incorporation into cartilage, bone, and skin of mice across the healthy life course. We report dynamic turnover of the matrisome, the proteins of the extracellular matrix, in bone and cartilage during skeletal maturation, which was markedly reduced after skeletal maturity. Comparing young adult with older adult mice, new protein incorporation was reduced in all tissues. STRING clustering revealed changes in epigenetic modulators across all tissues, a decline in chondroprotective growth factors such as FGF2 and TGFβ in cartilage, and clusters indicating mitochondrial dysregulation and reduced collagen synthesis in bone. Several pathways were implicated in age-related disease. Fewer changes were observed for skin. This methodology provides dynamic protein data at a tissue level, uncovering age-related molecular changes that may predispose to disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoanna Ariosa-Morejon
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Arthritis Research UK Centre for OA Pathogenesis, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Alberto Santos
- Big Data Institute, Li-Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.,Center for Health Data Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, United Kingdom
| | - Roman Fischer
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Target Discovery Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Simon Davis
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Target Discovery Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Philip Charles
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Target Discovery Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Rajesh Thakker
- Academic Endocrine Unit, OCDEM, Churchill Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Angus Kt Wann
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Arthritis Research UK Centre for OA Pathogenesis, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Tonia L Vincent
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Arthritis Research UK Centre for OA Pathogenesis, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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Garriga C, Goff M, Paterson E, Hrusecka R, Hamid B, Alderson J, Leyland K, Honeyfield L, Greenshields L, Satchithananda K, Lim A, Arden NK, Judge A, Williams A, Vincent TL, Watt FE. Clinical and molecular associations with outcomes at 2 years after acute knee injury: a longitudinal study in the Knee Injury Cohort at the Kennedy (KICK). Lancet Rheumatol 2021; 3:e648-e658. [PMID: 34476411 PMCID: PMC8390381 DOI: 10.1016/s2665-9913(21)00116-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Joint injury is a major risk factor for osteoarthritis and provides an opportunity to prospectively examine early processes associated with osteoarthritis. We investigated whether predefined baseline demographic and clinical factors, and protein analytes in knee synovial fluid and in plasma or serum, were associated with clinically relevant outcomes at 2 years after knee injury. METHODS This longitudinal cohort study recruited individuals aged 16-50 years between Nov 1, 2010, and Nov 28, 2014, across six hospitals and clinics in London, UK. Participants were recruited within 8 weeks of having a clinically significant acute knee injury (effusion and structural injury on MRI), which was typically treated surgically. We measured several predefined clinical variables at baseline (eg, time from injury to sampling, extent and type of joint injury, synovial fluid blood staining, presence of effusion, self-reported sex, age, and BMI), and measured 12 synovial fluid and four plasma or serum biomarkers by immunoassay at baseline and 3 months. The primary outcome was Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS4) at 2 years, adjusted for baseline score, assessed in all patients. Linear and logistic regression models adjusting for predefined covariates were used to assess associations between baseline variables and 2-year KOOS4. This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT02667756. FINDINGS We enrolled 150 patients at a median of 17 days (range 1-59, IQR 9-26) after knee injury. 123 (82%) were male, with a median age of 25 years (range 16-50, IQR 21-30). 98 (65%) of 150 participants completed a KOOS4 at 2 (or 3) years after enrolment (50 participants were lost to follow-up and two were withdrawn due to adverse events unrelated to study participation); 77 (51%) participants had all necessary variables available and were included in the core variable adjusted analysis. In the 2-year dataset mean KOOS4 improved from 38 (SD 18) at baseline to 79 (18) at 2 years. Baseline KOOS4, medium-to-large knee effusion, and moderate-to-severe synovial blood staining and their interaction significantly predicted 2-year KOOS4 (n=77; coefficient -20·5, 95% CI -34·8 to -6·18; p=0·0060). The only predefined biomarkers that showed independent associations with 2-year KOOS4 were synovial fluid MCP-1 (n=77; -0·015, 0·027 to -0·004 per change in 1 pg/mL units; p=0·011) and IL-6 (n=77; -0·0005, -0·0009 to -0·0001 per change in 1 pg/mL units; p=0·017). These biomarkers, combined with the interaction of effusion and blood staining, accounted for 39% of outcome variability. Two adverse events occurred that were linked to study participation, both at the time of blood sampling (one presyncopal episode, one tenderness and pain at the site of venepuncture). INTERPRETATION The combination of effusion and haemarthrosis was significantly associated with symptomatic outcomes after acute knee injury. The synovial fluid molecular protein response to acute knee injury (best represented by MCP-1 and IL-6) was independently associated with symptomatic outcomes but not with structural outcomes, with the biomarkers overall playing a minor role relative to clinical predictors. The relationship between symptoms and structure after acute knee injury and their apparent dissociation early in this process need to be better understood to make clinical progress. FUNDING Versus Arthritis, Kennedy Trust for Rheumatology Research, and NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cesar Garriga
- Centre for Osteoarthritis Pathogenesis Versus Arthritis, Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, NDORMS, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Centre for Statistics in Medicine, NDORMS, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Megan Goff
- Centre for Osteoarthritis Pathogenesis Versus Arthritis, Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, NDORMS, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Erin Paterson
- Centre for Osteoarthritis Pathogenesis Versus Arthritis, Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, NDORMS, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Renata Hrusecka
- Centre for Osteoarthritis Pathogenesis Versus Arthritis, Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, NDORMS, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Benjamin Hamid
- Centre for Osteoarthritis Pathogenesis Versus Arthritis, Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, NDORMS, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Jennifer Alderson
- Centre for Osteoarthritis Pathogenesis Versus Arthritis, Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, NDORMS, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Kirsten Leyland
- NIHR Bristol BRC, University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust, Bristol, UK
| | - Lesley Honeyfield
- Department of Radiology, Charing Cross Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Liam Greenshields
- Department of Radiology, Charing Cross Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Keshthra Satchithananda
- Department of Radiology, Charing Cross Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
- Department of Radiology, King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Adrian Lim
- Department of Radiology, Charing Cross Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Nigel K Arden
- Centre for Osteoarthritis Pathogenesis Versus Arthritis, Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, NDORMS, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Centre for Sports, Exercise and Osteoarthritis Research Versus Arthritis, NDORMS, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Andrew Judge
- Centre for Statistics in Medicine, NDORMS, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- NIHR Bristol BRC, University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust, Bristol, UK
- Musculoskeletal Research Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Andrew Williams
- Centre for Osteoarthritis Pathogenesis Versus Arthritis, Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, NDORMS, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Fortius Clinic, London, UK
| | - Tonia L Vincent
- Centre for Osteoarthritis Pathogenesis Versus Arthritis, Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, NDORMS, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Department of Rheumatology, Charing Cross Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Fiona E Watt
- Centre for Osteoarthritis Pathogenesis Versus Arthritis, Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, NDORMS, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Centre for Sports, Exercise and Osteoarthritis Research Versus Arthritis, NDORMS, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Department of Rheumatology, Charing Cross Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
- Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Imperial College London, London, UK
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Keppie SJ, Mansfield JC, Tang X, Philp CJ, Graham HK, Önnerfjord P, Wall A, McLean C, Winlove CP, Sherratt MJ, Pavlovskaya GE, Vincent TL. Matrix-Bound Growth Factors are Released upon Cartilage Compression by an Aggrecan-Dependent Sodium Flux that is Lost in Osteoarthritis. Function (Oxf) 2021; 2:zqab037. [PMID: 34423304 PMCID: PMC8374957 DOI: 10.1093/function/zqab037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Articular cartilage is a dense extracellular matrix-rich tissue that degrades following chronic mechanical stress, resulting in osteoarthritis (OA). The tissue has low intrinsic repair especially in aged and osteoarthritic joints. Here, we describe three pro-regenerative factors; fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2), connective tissue growth factor, bound to transforming growth factor-beta (CTGF-TGFβ), and hepatoma-derived growth factor (HDGF), that are rapidly released from the pericellular matrix (PCM) of articular cartilage upon mechanical injury. All three growth factors bound heparan sulfate, and were displaced by exogenous NaCl. We hypothesised that sodium, sequestered within the aggrecan-rich matrix, was freed by injurious compression, thereby enhancing the bioavailability of pericellular growth factors. Indeed, growth factor release was abrogated when cartilage aggrecan was depleted by IL-1 treatment, and in severely damaged human osteoarthritic cartilage. A flux in free matrix sodium upon mechanical compression of cartilage was visualised by 23Na -MRI just below the articular surface. This corresponded to a region of reduced tissue stiffness, measured by scanning acoustic microscopy and second harmonic generation microscopy, and where Smad2/3 was phosphorylated upon cyclic compression. Our results describe a novel intrinsic repair mechanism, controlled by matrix stiffness and mediated by the free sodium concentration, in which heparan sulfate-bound growth factors are released from cartilage upon injurious load. They identify aggrecan as a depot for sequestered sodium, explaining why osteoarthritic tissue loses its ability to repair. Treatments that restore matrix sodium to allow appropriate release of growth factors upon load are predicted to enable intrinsic cartilage repair in OA. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Osteoarthritis is the most prevalent musculoskeletal disease, affecting 250 million people worldwide.1 We identify a novel intrinsic repair response in cartilage, mediated by aggrecan-dependent sodium flux, and dependent upon matrix stiffness, which results in the release of a cocktail of pro-regenerative growth factors after injury. Loss of aggrecan in late-stage osteoarthritis prevents growth factor release and likely contributes to disease progression. Treatments that restore matrix sodium in osteoarthritis may recover the intrinsic repair response to improve disease outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stuart J Keppie
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7FY, UK
| | | | - Xiaodi Tang
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7FY, UK
| | - Christopher J Philp
- Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2QX, UK
| | - Helen K Graham
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - Patrik Önnerfjord
- Rheumatology and Molecular Skeletal Biology, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Alanna Wall
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7FY, UK
| | - Celia McLean
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7FY, UK
| | - C Peter Winlove
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX4 4QL, UK
| | - Michael J Sherratt
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - Galina E Pavlovskaya
- Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2QX, UK
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Marian IR, Goff M, Williams JAE, Gulati M, Chester-Jones M, Francis A, Watson M, Vincent TL, Woollacott S, Mackworth-Young C, Glover V, Furniss D, Gardiner M, Lamb SE, Vincent K, Barber VS, Black J, Dutton SJ, Watt FE. Hand Osteoarthritis: investigating Pain Effects of estrogen-containing therapy (HOPE-e): a protocol for a feasibility randomised placebo-controlled trial. Pilot Feasibility Stud 2021; 7:133. [PMID: 34167594 PMCID: PMC8223359 DOI: 10.1186/s40814-021-00869-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hand osteoarthritis (OA) is a common condition, causing pain, stiffness and reduced quality of life. Incidence is higher amongst women, particularly around the age of the menopause. Whilst the relationship between sex hormones and OA has been studied in vitro, in epidemiological studies and in clinical trials of hormone replacement therapy (HRT), this study is the first to investigate the effect of estrogen-containing therapy on hand pain in post-menopausal women with symptomatic hand OA in a randomised study design. METHODS This is a feasibility study of a double-blinded placebo-controlled intervention with 1:1 randomisation to either a combination of conjugated estrogens 0.45 mg and bazedoxifene acetate 20 mg (Duavive) or placebo. The target population is post-menopausal women with symptomatic hand OA, aiming to recruit 60-90 study participants. The primary objective is to assess the feasibility of a future fully powered randomised controlled trial (RCT). Participants will take the study medication for 24 weeks and be followed up for 28 weeks after randomisation. The primary outcomes used to determine feasibility are eligible participant identification rates and routes; recruitment, randomisation and retention rates of eligible participants; study medication compliance; and the likelihood of unintentional unblinding. Secondary outcomes include measures of hand pain, function, appearance and menopausal symptoms. An end of study questionnaire and focus groups will help to refine the final protocol for a full study. DISCUSSION Identifying new treatments for symptomatic hand OA is a recognised research priority. The study will help us to understand whether there are sufficient interested and eligible individuals in this target population who would consider HRT for their hand symptoms. It will provide proof-of-concept RCT data on the effects of HRT on hand pain and other clinically relevant outcomes in this population. The study will gain valuable information on the feasibility of a full RCT and how best to run this. The findings will be published in a peer-reviewed journal and presented at a relevant conference. TRIAL REGISTRATION ISRCTN12196200 registered on 15 January 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioana R Marian
- Oxford Clinical Trials Research Unit, Centre for Statistics in Medicine, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology, and Musculoskeletal Sciences (NDORMS), University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7LD, UK.
| | - Megan Goff
- Centre for Osteoarthritis Pathogenesis Versus Arthritis, Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, NDORMS, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Oxford Clinical Trials Research Unit (OCTRU), Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology, and Musculoskeletal Sciences (NDORMS) University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7LD, UK
| | - Jennifer A E Williams
- Centre for Osteoarthritis Pathogenesis Versus Arthritis, Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, NDORMS, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Oxford Clinical Trials Research Unit (OCTRU), Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology, and Musculoskeletal Sciences (NDORMS) University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7LD, UK
| | - Malvika Gulati
- Centre for Osteoarthritis Pathogenesis Versus Arthritis, Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, NDORMS, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Rheumatology Department, Charing Cross Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
- Nuffield Orthopaedic Centre, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Mae Chester-Jones
- Oxford Clinical Trials Research Unit, Centre for Statistics in Medicine, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology, and Musculoskeletal Sciences (NDORMS), University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7LD, UK
| | - Anne Francis
- Oxford Clinical Trials Research Unit (OCTRU), Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology, and Musculoskeletal Sciences (NDORMS) University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7LD, UK
| | - Marion Watson
- Oxford Clinical Trials Research Unit (OCTRU), Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology, and Musculoskeletal Sciences (NDORMS) University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7LD, UK
- Centre for Clinical Vaccinology and Tropical Medicine, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Old Road, Oxford, OX3 7LJ, UK
| | - Tonia L Vincent
- Centre for Osteoarthritis Pathogenesis Versus Arthritis, Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, NDORMS, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Rheumatology Department, Charing Cross Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
- Nuffield Orthopaedic Centre, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Sue Woollacott
- Centre for Osteoarthritis Pathogenesis Versus Arthritis, Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, NDORMS, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Charles Mackworth-Young
- Rheumatology Department, Charing Cross Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Victoria Glover
- White Horse Medical Practice, Faringdon Medical Centre, Oxfordshire, UK
| | - Dominic Furniss
- Centre for Osteoarthritis Pathogenesis Versus Arthritis, Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, NDORMS, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Nuffield Orthopaedic Centre, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Matthew Gardiner
- Centre for Osteoarthritis Pathogenesis Versus Arthritis, Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, NDORMS, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Wexham Park Hospital, Frimley Health NHS Foundation Trust, Frimley, UK
| | - Sarah E Lamb
- Centre for Rehabilitation Research, NDORMS, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- College of Medicine and Health, Institute for Health Research, University of Exeter, St Luke's Campus, Heavitree Road, Exeter, EX1 2LU, UK
| | - Katy Vincent
- Nuffield Department of Women's and Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Vicki S Barber
- Oxford Clinical Trials Research Unit (OCTRU), Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology, and Musculoskeletal Sciences (NDORMS) University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7LD, UK
| | - Joanna Black
- Oxford Clinical Trials Research Unit (OCTRU), Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology, and Musculoskeletal Sciences (NDORMS) University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7LD, UK
| | - Susan J Dutton
- Oxford Clinical Trials Research Unit, Centre for Statistics in Medicine, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology, and Musculoskeletal Sciences (NDORMS), University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7LD, UK
| | - Fiona E Watt
- Centre for Osteoarthritis Pathogenesis Versus Arthritis, Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, NDORMS, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Rheumatology Department, Charing Cross Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
- Nuffield Orthopaedic Centre, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
- Centre for Sport, Exercise and OA Research Versus Arthritis, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Centre for Inflammatory Disease, Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Imperial College London, Commonwealth Building, Hammersmith Campus, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK
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Coveney CR, Zhu L, Miotla-Zarebska J, Stott B, Parisi I, Batchelor V, Duarte C, Chang E, McSorley E, Vincent TL, Wann AK. The ciliary protein IFT88 controls post-natal cartilage thickness and influences development of osteoarthritis. Arthritis Rheumatol 2021; 74:49-59. [PMID: 34105311 DOI: 10.1002/art.41894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Mechanical and biological cues drive cellular signalling in cartilage development, health, and disease. Proteins of the primary cilium, implicated in transduction of biophysiochemical signals, control cartilage formation during skeletal development, but their influence in post-natal cartilage remains unknown. METHODS Ift88fl/fl and AggrecanCreERT2 mice were crossed to create a cartilage-specific, inducible knockout mouse AggrecanCreERT2 ;Ift88fl/fl . Tibial articular cartilage (AC) thickness was assessed, through adolescence and adulthood, by histomorphometry and integrity by OARSI score. In situ mechanisms were investigated by immunohistochemistry (IHC), RNA scope and qPCR of micro-dissected cartilage. OA was induced by surgical destabilisation (DMM). Mice voluntarily exercised using wheels. RESULTS Deletion of IFT88 resulted in progressive reductions in medial AC thickness during adolescence, and marked atrophy in adulthood. At 34 weeks of age, medial thickness was reduced from 104.00μm, [100.30-110.50, 95% CI] in Ift88fl/fl to 89.42μm [84.00-93.49, 95% CI] in AggrecanCreERT2 ;Ift88fl/fl (p<0.0001), associated with reductions in calcified cartilage. Occasionally, atrophy was associated with complete, spontaneous, medial cartilage degradation. Following DMM, AggrecanCreERT2 ;Ift88fl/fl mice had increased OA scores. Atrophy in mature AC was not associated with obvious increases in aggrecanase-mediated destruction or chondrocyte hypertrophy. Of 44 candidate genes analysed, only Tcf7l2 correlated with Ift88 expression in micro-dissected cartilage. However, RNA scope revealed increased hedgehog (Hh) signalling (Gli1), associated with reductions in Ift88, in AggrecanCreERT2 ;Ift88fl/fl cartilage. Wheel exercise restored both AC thickness and levels of Hh signalling in AggrecanCreERT2 ;Ift88fl/fl . CONCLUSION Our results demonstrate that IFT88 is chondroprotective, regulating AC thickness, potentially by thresholding a Hh response to physiological loading that controls cartilage calcification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clarissa R Coveney
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, NDORMS, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7FY, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Linyi Zhu
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, NDORMS, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7FY, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Jadwiga Miotla-Zarebska
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, NDORMS, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7FY, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Bryony Stott
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, NDORMS, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7FY, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Ida Parisi
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, NDORMS, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7FY, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Vicky Batchelor
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, NDORMS, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7FY, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Claudia Duarte
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, NDORMS, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7FY, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Emer Chang
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, NDORMS, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7FY, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Eleanor McSorley
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, NDORMS, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7FY, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Tonia L Vincent
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, NDORMS, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7FY, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Angus Kt Wann
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, NDORMS, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7FY, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
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Affiliation(s)
- Tonia L Vincent
- Centre for OA Pathogenesis Versus Arthritis, Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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von Loga IS, Miotla-Zarebska J, Huang YS, Williams R, Jostins L, Vincent TL. Comparison of LABORAS with static incapacitance testing for assessing spontaneous pain behaviour in surgically-induced murine osteoarthritis. Osteoarthr Cartil Open 2020; 2:100101. [PMID: 33381766 PMCID: PMC7762826 DOI: 10.1016/j.ocarto.2020.100101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Evoked responses following mechanical or thermal stimulation are typically used to assess pain behaviour in murine osteoarthritis (OA). However, there is no consensus on how best to measure spontaneous pain behaviour. Method OA by partial meniscectomy (PMX), or sham surgery was performed in 10-week old C57BL/6 male mice. Collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) was induced in 10 week old DBA1 male mice. Spontaneous pain behaviour, either at the time of active inflammatory disease (CIA), or over the 12 weeks after induction of OA, was assessed by static incapacitance testing (measuring percentage of weight placed through each hindlimb), and Laboratory Animal Behaviour Observation Registration and Analysis System (LABORAS) (translating cage vibrations of singly house animals into specific activities). Data were analysed by repeated measures two way ANOVA with post hoc testing comparing experimental groups with either sham operated or naïve controls. Results By incapacitance testing, two phases of painful behaviour were evident after PMX: a transient, post-operative phase, which resolved within one week, and a late OA pain phase starting 8 weeks post surgery and reaching statistical significance at week 12 (95% CI: sham 89.51-98.19, PMX 76.18-98.16). LABORAS, was able to detect pain behaviour in mice with CIA, but no statistically significant pain behaviour was observed in OA mice either post operatively (once analgesia had been controlled for) or at any later time points for any activity compared with the sham group. Conclusion Static incapacitance testing is superior to LABORAS for measuring spontaneous pain behaviour in surgically induced murine OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabell S von Loga
- Centre for Osteoarthritis Pathogenesis Versus Arthritis, Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, UK
| | - Jadwiga Miotla-Zarebska
- Centre for Osteoarthritis Pathogenesis Versus Arthritis, Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, UK
| | - Yi-Shu Huang
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, UK
| | - Richard Williams
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, UK
| | - Luke Jostins
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, UK
| | - Tonia L Vincent
- Centre for Osteoarthritis Pathogenesis Versus Arthritis, Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, UK
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Yang CY, Chanalaris A, Bonelli S, McClurg O, Hiles GL, Cates AL, Zarebska JM, Vincent TL, Day ML, Müller SA, Lichtenthaler SF, Nagase H, Scilabra SD, Troeberg L. Interleukin 13 (IL-13)-regulated expression of the chondroprotective metalloproteinase ADAM15 is reduced in aging cartilage. Osteoarthr Cartil Open 2020; 2:100128. [PMID: 33381768 PMCID: PMC7762825 DOI: 10.1016/j.ocarto.2020.100128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The adamalysin metalloproteinase 15 (ADAM15) has been shown to protect against development of osteoarthritis in mice. Here, we have investigated factors that control ADAM15 levels in cartilage. Design Secretomes from wild-type and Adam15−/− chondrocytes were compared by label-free quantitative mass spectrometry. mRNA was isolated from murine knee joints, either with or without surgical induction of osteoarthritis on male C57BL/6 mice, and the expression of Adam15 and other related genes quantified by RT-qPCR. ADAM15 in human normal and osteoarthritic cartilage was investigated similarly and by fluorescent immunohistochemistry. Cultured HTB94 chondrosarcoma cells were treated with various anabolic and catabolic stimuli, and ADAM15 mRNA and protein levels evaluated. Results There were no significant differences in the secretomes of chondrocytes from WT and Adam15−/− cartilage. Expression of ADAM15 was not altered in either human or murine osteoarthritic cartilage relative to disease-free controls. However, expression of ADAM15 was markedly reduced upon aging in both species, to the extent that expression in joints of 18-month-old mice was 45-fold lower than in that 4.5-month-old animals. IL-13 increased expression of ADAM15 in HTB94 cells by 2.5-fold, while modulators of senescence and autophagy pathways had no effect. Expression of Il13 in the joint was reduced with aging, suggesting this cytokine may control ADAM15 levels in the joint. Conclusion Expression of the chondroprotective metalloproteinase ADAM15 is reduced in aging human and murine joints, possibly due to a concomitant reduction in IL-13 expression. We thus propose IL-13 as a novel factor contributing to increased osteoarthritis risk upon aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Y Yang
- Centre for OA Pathogenesis Versus Arthritis, Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7FY, United Kingdom
| | - A Chanalaris
- Centre for OA Pathogenesis Versus Arthritis, Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7FY, United Kingdom
| | - S Bonelli
- Fondazione Ri.MED - ISMETT, Department of Research, Via Ernesto Tricomi 5, 90145, Palermo, Italy
| | - O McClurg
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Bob Champion Research and Education Building, Rosalind Franklin Road, Norwich, NR4 7UQ, United Kingdom
| | - G Lorenzatti Hiles
- Division of Urologic Oncology, Department of Urology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - A L Cates
- Division of Urologic Oncology, Department of Urology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - J Miotla Zarebska
- Centre for OA Pathogenesis Versus Arthritis, Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7FY, United Kingdom
| | - T L Vincent
- Centre for OA Pathogenesis Versus Arthritis, Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7FY, United Kingdom
| | - M L Day
- Division of Urologic Oncology, Department of Urology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - S A Müller
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Feodor-Lynen Strasse 17, 81377, Munich, Germany.,Neuroproteomics, School of Medicine, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - S F Lichtenthaler
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Feodor-Lynen Strasse 17, 81377, Munich, Germany.,Neuroproteomics, School of Medicine, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, 81675, Munich, Germany.,Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - H Nagase
- Centre for OA Pathogenesis Versus Arthritis, Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7FY, United Kingdom
| | - S D Scilabra
- Fondazione Ri.MED - ISMETT, Department of Research, Via Ernesto Tricomi 5, 90145, Palermo, Italy.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Feodor-Lynen Strasse 17, 81377, Munich, Germany.,Neuroproteomics, School of Medicine, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - L Troeberg
- Centre for OA Pathogenesis Versus Arthritis, Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7FY, United Kingdom.,Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Bob Champion Research and Education Building, Rosalind Franklin Road, Norwich, NR4 7UQ, United Kingdom
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von Loga IS, Batchelor V, Driscoll C, Burleigh A, Chia SLL, Stott B, Miotla-Zarebska J, Riley D, Dell'Accio F, Vincent TL. Does Pain at an Earlier Stage of Chondropathy Protect Female Mice Against Structural Progression After Surgically Induced Osteoarthritis? Arthritis Rheumatol 2020; 72:2083-2093. [PMID: 32602242 DOI: 10.1002/art.41421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Female C57BL/6 mice exhibit less severe chondropathy than male mice. This study was undertaken to test the robustness of this observation and explore underlying mechanisms. METHODS Osteoarthritis was induced in male and female C57BL/6 or DBA/1 mice (n = 6-15 per group) by destabilization of the medial meniscus (DMM) or partial meniscectomy (PMX). Some mice were ovariectomized (OVX) (n = 30). In vivo repair after focal cartilage defect or joint immobilization (sciatic neurectomy) following DMM was assessed. Histologic analysis, evaluation of gene expression in whole knees, and behavioral analysis using Laboratory Animal Behavior Observation Registration and Analysis System (LABORAS) and Linton incapacitance testing (n = 7-10 mice per group) were performed. RESULTS Female mice displayed less severe chondropathy (20-75% reduction) across both strains and after both surgeries. Activity levels after PMX were similar for male and female mice. Some repair-associated genes were increased in female mouse joints after surgery, but no repair differences were evident in vivo. Despite reduced chondropathy, female mice developed pain-like behavior at the same time as male mice. At the time of established pain-like behavior (10 weeks after PMX), pain-associated genes were significantly up-regulated in female mice, including Gdnf (mean ± SEM fold change 2.54 ± 0.30), Nrtn (6.71 ± 1.24), Ntf3 (1.92 ± 0.27), and Ntf5 (2.89 ± 0.48) (P < 0.01, P < 0.01, P < 0.05, and P < 0.001, respectively, versus male mice). Inflammatory genes were not regulated in painful joints in mice of either sex. CONCLUSION We confirm strong structural joint protection in female mice that is not due to activity or intrinsic repair differences. Female mice develop pain at the same time as males, but induce a distinct set of neurotrophins. We speculate that heightened pain sensitivity in female mice protects the joint by preventing overuse.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vicky Batchelor
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Clare Driscoll
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Annika Burleigh
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Shi-Lu L Chia
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Bryony Stott
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - David Riley
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Tonia L Vincent
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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Zhu L, Donhou S, Burleigh A, Miotla Zarebska J, Curtinha M, Parisi I, Khan SN, Dell'Accio F, Chanalaris A, Vincent TL. TSG-6 Is Weakly Chondroprotective in Murine OA but Does not Account for FGF2-Mediated Joint Protection. ACR Open Rheumatol 2020; 2:605-615. [PMID: 33029956 PMCID: PMC7571392 DOI: 10.1002/acr2.11176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Tumor necrosis factor α-stimulated gene 6 (TSG-6) is an anti-inflammatory protein highly expressed in osteoarthritis (OA), but its influence on the course of OA is unknown. METHODS Cartilage injury was assessed by murine hip avulsion or by recutting rested explants. Forty-two previously validated injury genes were quantified by real-time polymerase chain reaction in whole joints following destabilization of the medial meniscus (DMM) (6 hours and 7 days). Joint pathology was assessed at 8 and 12 weeks following DMM in 10-week-old male and female fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2)-/- , TSG-6-/- , TSG-6tg (overexpressing), FGF2-/- ;TSG-6tg (8 weeks only) mice, as well as strain-matched, wild-type controls. In vivo cartilage repair was assessed 8 weeks following focal cartilage injury in TSG-6tg and control mice. FGF2 release following cartilage injury was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS TSG-6 messenger RNA upregulation was strongly FGF2-dependent upon injury in vitro and in vivo. Fifteeen inflammatory genes were significantly increased in TSG-6-/- joints, including IL1α, Ccl2, and Adamts5 compared with wild type. Six genes were significantly suppressed in TSG-6-/- joints including Timp1, Inhibin βA, and podoplanin (known FGF2 target genes). FGF2 release upon cartilage injury was not influenced by levels of TSG-6. Cartilage degradation was significantly increased at 12 weeks post-DMM in male TSG-6-/- mice, with a nonsignificant 30% reduction in disease seen in TSG-6tg mice. No differences were observed in cartilage repair between genotypes. TSG-6 overexpression was unable to prevent accelerated OA in FGF2-/- mice. CONCLUSION TSG-6 influences early gene regulation in the destabilized joint and exerts a modest late chondroprotective effect. Although strongly FGF2 dependent, TSG-6 does not explain the strong chondroprotective effect of FGF2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linyi Zhu
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Arthritis Research UK Centre for OA Pathogenesis, University of Oxford, UK
| | - Shannah Donhou
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Arthritis Research UK Centre for OA Pathogenesis, University of Oxford, UK
| | - Annika Burleigh
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Arthritis Research UK Centre for OA Pathogenesis, University of Oxford, UK
| | - Jadwiga Miotla Zarebska
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Arthritis Research UK Centre for OA Pathogenesis, University of Oxford, UK
| | - Marcia Curtinha
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Arthritis Research UK Centre for OA Pathogenesis, University of Oxford, UK
| | - Ida Parisi
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Arthritis Research UK Centre for OA Pathogenesis, University of Oxford, UK
| | - Sumayya Nafisa Khan
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Arthritis Research UK Centre for OA Pathogenesis, University of Oxford, UK
| | | | - Anastasios Chanalaris
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Arthritis Research UK Centre for OA Pathogenesis, University of Oxford, UK
| | - Tonia L Vincent
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Arthritis Research UK Centre for OA Pathogenesis, University of Oxford, UK
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Abstract
Despite an increasing burden of osteoarthritis in developed societies, target discovery has been slow and there are currently no approved disease-modifying osteoarthritis drugs. This lack of progress is due in part to a series of misconceptions over the years: that osteoarthritis is an inevitable consequence of ageing, that damaged articular cartilage cannot heal itself, and that osteoarthritis is driven by synovial inflammation similar to that seen in rheumatoid arthritis. Molecular interrogation of disease through ex-vivo tissue analysis, in-vitro studies, and preclinical models have radically reshaped the knowledge landscape. Inflammation in osteoarthritis appears to be distinct from that seen in rheumatoid arthritis. Recent randomised controlled trials, using treatments repurposed from rheumatoid arthritis, have largely been unsuccessful. Genome-wide studies point to defects in repair pathways, which accords well with recent promise using growth factor therapies or Wnt pathway antagonism. Nerve growth factor has emerged as a robust target in osteoarthritis pain in phase 2-3 trials. These studies, both positive and negative, align well with those in preclinical surgical models of osteoarthritis, indicating that pathogenic mechanisms identified in mice can lead researchers to valid human targets. Several novel candidate pathways are emerging from preclinical studies that offer hope of future translational impact. Enhancing trust between industry, basic, and clinical scientists will optimise our collective chance of success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tonia L Vincent
- Centre for Osteoarthritis Pathogenesis, Versus Arthritis, Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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35
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Mc Fie M, Koneva L, Collins I, Coveney CR, Clube AM, Chanalaris A, Vincent TL, Bezbradica JS, Sansom SN, Wann AKT. Ciliary proteins specify the cell inflammatory response by tuning NFκB signalling, independently of primary cilia. J Cell Sci 2020; 133:jcs.239871. [PMID: 32503942 PMCID: PMC7358134 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.239871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Complex inflammatory signalling cascades define the response to tissue injury but also control development and homeostasis, limiting the potential for these pathways to be targeted therapeutically. Primary cilia are subcellular regulators of cellular signalling, controlling how signalling is organized, encoded and, in some instances, driving or influencing pathogenesis. Our previous research revealed that disruption of ciliary intraflagellar transport (IFT), altered the cell response to IL-1β, supporting a putative link emerging between cilia and inflammation. Here, we show that IFT88 depletion affects specific cytokine-regulated behaviours, changing cytosolic NFκB translocation dynamics but leaving MAPK signalling unaffected. RNA-seq analysis indicates that IFT88 regulates one third of the genome-wide targets, including the pro-inflammatory genes Nos2, Il6 and Tnf. Through microscopy, we find altered NFκB dynamics are independent of assembly of a ciliary axoneme. Indeed, depletion of IFT88 inhibits inflammatory responses in the non-ciliated macrophage. We propose that ciliary proteins, including IFT88, KIF3A, TTBK2 and NPHP4, act outside of the ciliary axoneme to tune cytoplasmic NFκB signalling and specify the downstream cell response. This is thus a non-canonical function for ciliary proteins in shaping cellular inflammation. This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper. Summary: Ciliary proteins, acting independently of the ciliary axoneme, regulate the dynamics of cytosolic NFκB, but not other signalling pathways, defining an important subset of the inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan Mc Fie
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology Research, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, Medical Sciences Division, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FY, UK.,School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, UK
| | - Lada Koneva
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology Research, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, Medical Sciences Division, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FY, UK
| | - Isabella Collins
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology Research, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, Medical Sciences Division, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FY, UK
| | - Clarissa R Coveney
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology Research, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, Medical Sciences Division, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FY, UK
| | - Aisling M Clube
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology Research, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, Medical Sciences Division, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FY, UK
| | - Anastasios Chanalaris
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology Research, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, Medical Sciences Division, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FY, UK
| | - Tonia L Vincent
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology Research, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, Medical Sciences Division, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FY, UK
| | - Jelena S Bezbradica
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology Research, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, Medical Sciences Division, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FY, UK
| | - Stephen N Sansom
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology Research, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, Medical Sciences Division, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FY, UK
| | - Angus K T Wann
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology Research, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, Medical Sciences Division, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FY, UK
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Watt FE, Hamid B, Garriga C, Judge A, Hrusecka R, Custers RJH, Jansen MP, Lafeber FP, Mastbergen SC, Vincent TL. The molecular profile of synovial fluid changes upon joint distraction and is associated with clinical response in knee osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2020; 28:324-333. [PMID: 31904489 PMCID: PMC7054834 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2019.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Revised: 12/14/2019] [Accepted: 12/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Surgical knee joint distraction (KJD) leads to clinical improvement in knee osteoarthritis (OA) and also apparent cartilage regeneration by magnetic resonance imaging. We investigated if alteration of the joint's mechanical environment during the 6 week period of KJD was associated with a molecular response in synovial fluid, and if any change was associated with clinical response. METHOD 20 individuals undergoing KJD for symptomatic radiographic knee OA had SF sampled at baseline, midpoint and endpoint of distraction (6 weeks). SF supernatants were measured by immunoassay for 10 predefined mechanosensitive molecules identified in our previous pre-clinical studies. The composite Knee injury and OA Outcome Score-4 (KOOS4) was collected at baseline, 3, 6 and 12 months. RESULTS 13/20 (65%) were male with mean age 54°±°5yrs. All had Kellgren-Lawrence grade ≥2 knee OA. 6/10 analytes showed statistically significant change in SF over the 6 weeks distraction (activin A; TGFβ-1; MCP-1; IL-6; FGF-2; LTBP2), P < 0.05. Of these, all but activin A increased. Those achieving the minimum clinically important difference of 10 points for KOOS4 over 6 months showed greater increases in FGF-2 and TGFβ-1 than non-responders. An increase in IL-8 during the 6 weeks of KJD was associated with significantly greater improvement in KOOS4 over 12 months. CONCLUSION Detectable, significant molecular changes are observed in SF following KJD, that are remarkably consistent between individuals. Preliminary findings appear to suggest that increases in some molecules are associated with clinically meaningful responses. Joint distraction may provide a potential opportunity in the future to define regenerative biomarker(s) and identify pathways that drive intrinsic cartilage repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- F E Watt
- Centre for Osteoarthritis Pathogenesis Versus Arthritis, Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Roosevelt Drive, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, UK.
| | - B Hamid
- Centre for Osteoarthritis Pathogenesis Versus Arthritis, Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, UK.
| | - C Garriga
- Centre for Statistics in Medicine, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, UK.
| | - A Judge
- Centre for Statistics in Medicine, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, UK; Musculoskeletal Research Unit, University of Bristol, UK; National Institute for Health Research Bristol Biomedical Research Centre (NIHR Bristol BRC), University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust, UK; MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, UK.
| | - R Hrusecka
- Centre for Osteoarthritis Pathogenesis Versus Arthritis, Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, UK.
| | - R J H Custers
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, the Netherlands.
| | - M P Jansen
- Department of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, the Netherlands.
| | - F P Lafeber
- Department of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, the Netherlands.
| | - S C Mastbergen
- Department of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, the Netherlands.
| | - T L Vincent
- Centre for Osteoarthritis Pathogenesis Versus Arthritis, Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, UK.
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Jones D, Wang L, Ghanbari A, Vardakastani V, Kedgley AE, Gardiner MD, Vincent TL, Culmer PR, Alazmani A. Design and Evaluation of Magnetic Hall Effect Tactile Sensors for Use in Sensorized Splints. Sensors (Basel) 2020; 20:s20041123. [PMID: 32092865 PMCID: PMC7070306 DOI: 10.3390/s20041123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Revised: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Splinting techniques are widely used in medicine to inhibit the movement of arthritic joints. Studies into the effectiveness of splinting as a method of pain reduction have generally yielded positive results, however, no significant difference has been found in clinical outcomes between splinting types. Tactile sensing has shown great promise for the integration into splinting devices and may offer further information into applied forces to find the most effective methods of splinting. Hall effect-based tactile sensors are of particular interest in this application owing to their low-cost, small size, and high robustness. One complexity of the sensors is the relationship between the elastomer geometry and the measurement range. This paper investigates the design parameters of Hall effect tactile sensors for use in hand splinting. Finite element simulations are used to locate the areas in which sensitivity is high in order to optimise the deflection range of the sensor. Further simulations then investigate the mechanical response and force ranges of the elastomer layer under loading which are validated with experimental data. A 4 mm radius, 3 mm-thick sensor is identified as meeting defined sensing requirements for range and sensitivity. A prototype sensor is produced which exhibits a pressure range of 45 kPa normal and 6 kPa shear. A proof of principle prototype demonstrates how this can be integrated to form an instrumented splint with multi-axis sensing capability and has the potential to inform clinical practice for improved splinting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominic Jones
- School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
- Correspondence: (D.J.); (A.A.)
| | - Lefan Wang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Ali Ghanbari
- School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | | | - Angela E. Kedgley
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | | | - Tonia L. Vincent
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FY, UK
| | - Peter R. Culmer
- School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Ali Alazmani
- School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
- Correspondence: (D.J.); (A.A.)
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Abstract
The concept of interleukin-1 (IL-1) as a target in osteoarthritis (OA) has been an attractive one for many years. It is a highly potent inducer of cartilage degradation, causing the induction of mRNA and controlling the bioavailability of disease-relevant proteases such as ADAMTS5 and MMP13. It drives synovitis and can induce other disease-relevant genes such as nerve growth factor, a key pain sensitiser in OA. However, the quality of evidence for its involvement in disease is modest. Descriptive studies have demonstrated expression of IL-1α and β in OA cartilage and elevated levels in the synovial fluid of some patients. Agnostic transcriptomic and genomic analyses do not identify IL-1 as a key pathway.
In vivo models show a conflicting role for this molecule; early studies using therapeutic approaches in large animal models show a benefit, but most murine studies fail to demonstrate protection where the ligands (IL-1α/β), the cytokine activator (IL-1–converting enzyme), or the receptor (IL-1R) have been knocked out. Recently, a number of large double-blind randomised controlled clinical studies targeting IL-1 have failed. Enthusiasm for IL-1 as a target in OA is rapidly dwindling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tonia L Vincent
- Centre for OA Pathogenesis Versus Arthritis, Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7FY, UK
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von Loga IS, El-Turabi A, Jostins L, Miotla-Zarebska J, Mackay-Alderson J, Zeltins A, Parisi I, Bachmann MF, Vincent TL. Active immunisation targeting nerve growth factor attenuates chronic pain behaviour in murine osteoarthritis. Ann Rheum Dis 2019; 78:672-675. [PMID: 30862648 PMCID: PMC6517802 DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2018-214489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Revised: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Nerve growth factor (NGF) has emerged as a key driver of pain in osteoarthritis (OA) and antibodies to NGF are potent analgesics in human disease. Here, we validate a novel vaccine strategy to generate anti-NGF antibodies for reversal of pain behaviour in a surgical model of OA. METHODS Virus-like particles were derived from the cucumber mosaic virus (CuMV) and coupled to expressed recombinant NGF to create the vaccine. 10-week-old male mice underwent partial meniscectomy to induce OA or sham-surgery. Spontaneous pain behaviour was measured by Linton incapacitance and OA severity was quantified using OARSI histological scoring. Mice (experimental and a sentinel cohort) were inoculated with CuMVttNGF (Vax) or CuMVttctrl (Mock) either before surgery or once pain was established. Efficacy of anti-NGF from the plasma of sentinel vaccinated mice was measured in vitro using a neurite outgrowth assay in PC12 cells. RESULTS Anti-NGF titres were readily detectable in the vaccinated but not mock vaccinated mice. Regular boosting with fresh vaccine was required to maintain anti-NGF titres as measured in the sentinel cohort. Both prophylactic and therapeutic vaccination demonstrated a reversal of pain behaviour by incapacitance testing, and a meta-analysis of the two studies showing analgesia at peak anti-NGF titres was highly statistically significant. Serum anti-NGF was able to inhibit neurite outgrowth equivalent to around 150 ug/mL of recombinant monoclonal antibody. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates therapeutic efficacy of a novel NGF vaccine strategy that reversibly alleviates spontaneous pain behaviour in surgically induced murine OA.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aadil El-Turabi
- The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford Medical Sciences Division, Oxford, UK
| | - Luke Jostins
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | | | - Andris Zeltins
- Molecular Microbiology and Virology, Latvian Biomedical Research & Study Centre, Riga, Latvia
| | - Ida Parisi
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Martin F Bachmann
- The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford Medical Sciences Division, Oxford, UK .,RIA, Immunology, Inselspital, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Tonia L Vincent
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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Blease A, Das Neves Borges P, Curtinha M, Javaheri B, von Loga IS, Parisi I, Zarebska J, Pitsillides A, Vincent TL, Potter PK. Studying Osteoarthritis Pathogenesis in Mice. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 8:e50. [PMID: 30240153 DOI: 10.1002/cpmo.50] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
With the increasing availability and complexity of mouse models of disease, either spontaneous or induced, there is a concomitant increase in their use in the analysis of pathogenesis. Among such diseases is osteoarthritis, a debilitating disease with few treatment options. While advances in our understanding of the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis has advanced through clinical investigations and genome-wide association studies, there is still a large gap in our knowledge, hindering advances in therapy. Patient samples are available ex vivo, but these are generally in the very late stages of disease. However, with mice, we are able to induce disease at a defined time and track the progression in vivo and ex vivo, from inception to end stage, to delineate the processes involved in disease development. © 2018 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Blease
- Disease Model Discovery, Mammalian Genetics Unit, MRC Harwell Institute, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Patricia Das Neves Borges
- Institute of Physiology and Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Marcia Curtinha
- Arthritis Research UK Centre for OA Pathogenesis, Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Behzad Javaheri
- Skeletal Biology Group, Comparative Biomedical Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Isabell S von Loga
- Arthritis Research UK Centre for OA Pathogenesis, Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Ida Parisi
- Arthritis Research UK Centre for OA Pathogenesis, Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Jadwiga Zarebska
- Arthritis Research UK Centre for OA Pathogenesis, Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Pitsillides
- Skeletal Biology Group, Comparative Biomedical Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Tonia L Vincent
- Arthritis Research UK Centre for OA Pathogenesis, Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Paul K Potter
- Disease Model Discovery, Mammalian Genetics Unit, MRC Harwell Institute, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom
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Shepherd C, Zhu D, Skelton AJ, Combe J, Threadgold H, Zhu L, Vincent TL, Stuart P, Reynard LN, Loughlin J. Functional Characterization of the Osteoarthritis Genetic Risk Residing at ALDH1A2 Identifies rs12915901 as a Key Target Variant. Arthritis Rheumatol 2018; 70:1577-1587. [PMID: 29732726 PMCID: PMC6175168 DOI: 10.1002/art.40545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify the functional single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and mechanisms conferring increased risk of hand osteoarthritis (OA) at the ALDH1A2 locus, which is a retinoic acid regulatory gene. METHODS Tissue samples from 247 patients with knee, hip, or hand OA who had undergone joint surgery were included. RNA-sequencing analysis was used to investigate differential expression of ALDH1A2 and other retinoic acid signaling pathway genes in cartilage. Expression of ALDH1A2 in joint tissues obtained from multiple sites was quantified using quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Allelic expression imbalance (AEI) was measured by pyrosequencing. The consequences of ALDH1A2 depletion by RNA interference were assessed in primary human chondrocytes. In silico and in vitro analyses were used to pinpoint which, among 62 highly correlated SNPs, could account for the association at the locus. RESULTS ALDH1A2 expression was observed across multiple joint tissue samples, including osteochondral tissue from the hand. The expression of ALDH1A2 and of several retinoic acid signaling genes was different in diseased cartilage compared to non-diseased cartilage, with ALDH1A2 showing lower levels in OA cartilage. Experimental depletion of ALDH1A2 resulted in changes in the expression levels of a number of chondrogenic markers, including SOX9. In addition, reduced expression of the OA risk-conferring allele was witnessed in a number of joint tissues, with the strongest effect in cartilage. The intronic SNP rs12915901 recapitulated the AEI observed in patient tissues, while the Ets transcription factors were identified as potential mediators of this effect. CONCLUSION The ALDH1A2 locus seems to increase the risk of hand OA through decreased expression of ALDH1A2 in joint tissues, with the effect dependent on rs12915901. These findings indicate a mechanism that may now be targeted to modulate OA risk.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dongxing Zhu
- Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK, and Guangzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital, and Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | | | | | | | - Linyi Zhu
- Arthritis Research UK Centre for OA Pathogenesis, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Tonia L Vincent
- Arthritis Research UK Centre for OA Pathogenesis, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Paul Stuart
- Newcastle University Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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Abstract
The articular cartilage is exquisitely sensitive to mechanical load. Its structure is largely defined by the mechanical environment and destruction in osteoarthritis is the pathophysiological consequence of abnormal mechanics. It is often overlooked that disuse of joints causes profound loss of volume in the articular cartilage, a clinical observation first described in polio patients and stroke victims. Through the 1980s, the results of studies exploiting experimental joint immobilisation supported this. Importantly, this substantial body of work was also the first to describe metabolic changes that resulted in decreased synthesis of matrix molecules, especially sulfated proteoglycans. The molecular mechanisms that underlie disuse atrophy are poorly understood despite the identification of multiple mechanosensing mechanisms in cartilage. Moreover, there has been a tendency to equate cartilage loss with osteoarthritic degeneration. Here, we review the historic literature and clarify the structural, metabolic and clinical features that clearly distinguish cartilage loss due to disuse atrophy and those due to osteoarthritis. We speculate on the molecular sensing pathways in cartilage that may be responsible for cartilage mechanoadaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tonia L Vincent
- Arthritis Research UK Centre for OA Pathogenesis, Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Angus K T Wann
- Arthritis Research UK Centre for OA Pathogenesis, Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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Tang X, Muhammad H, McLean C, Miotla-Zarebska J, Fleming J, Didangelos A, Önnerfjord P, Leask A, Saklatvala J, Vincent TL. Connective tissue growth factor contributes to joint homeostasis and osteoarthritis severity by controlling the matrix sequestration and activation of latent TGFβ. Ann Rheum Dis 2018; 77:1372-1380. [PMID: 29925506 PMCID: PMC6104679 DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2018-212964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2018] [Revised: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES One mechanism by which cartilage responds to mechanical load is by releasing heparin-bound growth factors from the pericellular matrix (PCM). By proteomic analysis of the PCM, we identified connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) and here investigate its function and mechanism of action. METHODS Recombinant CTGF (rCTGF) was used to stimulate human chondrocytes for microarray analysis. Endogenous CTGF was investigated by in vitro binding assays and confocal microscopy. Its release from cut cartilage (injury CM) was analysed by Western blot under reducing and non-reducing conditions. A postnatal, conditional CtgfcKO mouse was generated for cartilage injury experiments and to explore the course of osteoarthritis (OA) by destabilisation of the medial meniscus. siRNA knockdown was performed on isolated human chondrocytes. RESULTS The biological responses of rCTGF were TGFβ dependent. CTGF displaced latent TGFβ from cartilage and both were released on cartilage injury. CTGF and latent TGFβ migrated as a single high molecular weight band under non-reducing conditions, suggesting that they were in a covalent (disulfide) complex. This was confirmed by immunoprecipitation. Using CtgfcKO mice, CTGF was required for sequestration of latent TGFβ in the matrix and activation of the latent complex at the cell surface through TGFβR3. In vivo deletion of CTGF increased the thickness of the articular cartilage and protected mice from OA. CONCLUSIONS CTGF is a latent TGFβ binding protein that controls the matrix sequestration and activation of TGFβ in cartilage. Deletion of CTGF in vivo caused a paradoxical increase in Smad2 phosphorylation resulting in thicker cartilage that was protected from OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodi Tang
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Hayat Muhammad
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Celia McLean
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Jacob Fleming
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | | | - Andrew Leask
- Department of Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Tonia L Vincent
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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Ikpegbu E, Basta L, Clements DN, Fleming R, Vincent TL, Buttle DJ, Pitsillides AA, Staines KA, Farquharson C. FGF-2 promotes osteocyte differentiation through increased E11/podoplanin expression. J Cell Physiol 2018; 233:5334-5347. [PMID: 29215722 PMCID: PMC5900964 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
E11/podoplanin is critical in the early stages of osteoblast‐to‐osteocyte transitions (osteocytogenesis), however, the upstream events which regulate E11 expression are unknown. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of FGF‐2 on E11‐mediated osteocytogenesis and to reveal the nature of the underlying signaling pathways regulating this process. Exposure of MC3T3 osteoblast‐like cells and murine primary osteoblasts to FGF‐2 (10 ng/ml) increased E11 mRNA and protein expression (p < 0.05) after 4, 6, and 24 hr. FGF‐2 induced changes in E11 expression were also accompanied by significant (p < 0.01) increases in Phex and Dmp1 (osteocyte markers) expression and decreases in Col1a1, Postn, Bglap, and Alpl (osteoblast markers) expression. Immunofluorescent microscopy revealed that FGF‐2 stimulated E11 expression, facilitated the translocation of E11 toward the cell membrane, and subsequently promoted the formation of osteocyte‐like dendrites in MC3T3 and primary osteoblasts. siRNA knock down of E11 expression achieved >70% reduction of basal E11 mRNA expression (p < 0.05) and effectively abrogated FGF‐2‐related changes in E11 expression and dendrite formation. FGF‐2 strongly activated the ERK signaling pathway in osteoblast‐like cells but inhibition of this pathway did not block the ability of FGF‐2 to enhance E11 expression or to promote acquisition of the osteocyte phenotype. The results of this study highlight a novel mechanism by which FGF‐2 can regulate osteoblast differentiation and osteocyte formation. Specifically, the data suggests that FGF‐2 promotes osteocytogenesis through increased E11 expression and further studies will identify if this regulatory pathway is essential for bone development and maintenance in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekele Ikpegbu
- Roslin Institute and R(D)SVS, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.,Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Abia, Nigeria
| | - Lena Basta
- Roslin Institute and R(D)SVS, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Dylan N Clements
- Roslin Institute and R(D)SVS, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Robert Fleming
- Roslin Institute and R(D)SVS, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Tonia L Vincent
- Arthritis Research UK Centre for Osteoarthritis Pathogenesis, Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - David J Buttle
- Department of Infection, Immunity & Cardiovascular Disease, The University of Sheffield Medical School, Sheffield, UK
| | | | | | - Colin Farquharson
- Roslin Institute and R(D)SVS, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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Das Neves Borges P, Vincent TL, Marenzana M. Application of autofluorescence robotic histology for quantitative evaluation of the 3-dimensional morphology of murine articular cartilage. Microsc Res Tech 2017; 80:1351-1360. [PMID: 28963813 PMCID: PMC5725668 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.22948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2017] [Revised: 09/04/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Murine models of osteoarthritis (OA) are increasingly important for understating pathogenesis and for testing new therapeutic approaches. Their translational potential is, however, limited by the reduced size of mouse limbs which requires a much higher resolution to evaluate their articular cartilage compared to clinical imaging tools. In experimental models, this tissue has been predominantly assessed by time-consuming histopathology using standardized semi-quantitative scoring systems. This study aimed to develop a novel imaging method for 3-dimensional (3D) histology of mouse articular cartilage, using a robotic system-termed here "3D histocutter"-which automatically sections tissue samples and serially acquires fluorescence microscopy images of each section. Tibiae dissected from C57Bl/6 mice, either naïve or OA-induced by surgical destabilization of the medial meniscus (DMM), were imaged using the 3D histocutter by exploiting tissue autofluorescence. Accuracy of 3D imaging was validated by ex vivo contrast-enhanced micro-CT and sensitivity to lesion detection compared with conventional histology. Reconstructions of tibiae obtained from 3D histocutter serial sections showed an excellent agreement with contrast-enhanced micro-CT reconstructions. Furthermore, osteoarthritic features, including articular cartilage loss and osteophytes, were also visualized. An in-house developed software allowed to automatically evaluate articular cartilage morphology, eliminating the subjectivity associated to semi-quantitative scoring and considerably increasing analysis throughput. The novelty of this methodology is, not only the increased throughput in imaging and evaluating mouse articular cartilage morphology starting from conventionally embedded samples, but also the ability to add the third dimension to conventional histomorphometry which might be useful to improve disease assessment in the model.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tonia L Vincent
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Massimo Marenzana
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.,Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, United Kingdom
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Ismail HM, Didangelos A, Vincent TL, Saklatvala J. Rapid Activation of Transforming Growth Factor β-Activated Kinase 1 in Chondrocytes by Phosphorylation and K 63 -Linked Polyubiquitination Upon Injury to Animal Articular Cartilage. Arthritis Rheumatol 2017; 69:565-575. [PMID: 27768832 PMCID: PMC5347887 DOI: 10.1002/art.39965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Objective Mechanical injury to cartilage predisposes to osteoarthritis (OA). Wounding of the articular cartilage surface causes rapid activation of MAP kinases and NF‐κB, mimicking the response to inflammatory cytokines. This study was undertaken to identify the upstream signaling mechanisms involved. Methods Cartilage was injured by dissecting it from the articular surface of porcine metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joints or by avulsing murine proximal femoral epiphyses. Protein phosphorylation was assayed by Western blotting of cartilage lysates. Immunolocalization of phosphorylated activating transcription factor 2 (ATF‐2) and NF‐κB/p65 was detected by confocal microscopy. Messenger RNA (mRNA) was measured by quantitative reverse transcriptase–polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR). Receptor associated protein 80 (RAP‐80) ubiquitin interacting motif agarose was used in a pull‐down assay to obtain K63‐polyubiquitinated proteins. Ubiquitin linkages on immunoprecipitated transforming growth factor β–activated kinase 1 (TAK‐1) were analyzed with deubiquitinases. Results Sharp injury to porcine cartilage caused rapid activation of JNK and NF‐κB pathways and the upstream kinases MKK‐4, IKK, and TAK‐1. Pharmacologic inhibition of TAK‐1 in porcine cartilage abolished JNK and NF‐κB activation and reduced the injury‐dependent inflammatory gene response. High molecular weight species of phosphorylated TAK‐1 were induced by injury, indicating its ubiquitination. An overall increase in K63‐linked polyubiquitination was detected upon injury, and TAK‐1 was specifically linked to K63‐ but not K48‐polyubiquitin chains. In mice, avulsion of wild‐type femoral epiphyses caused similar intracellular signaling that was reduced in cartilage‐specific TAK‐1–null mice. Epiphyseal cartilage of MyD88‐null and TRAF‐6–null mice responded to injury, suggesting the involvement of a ubiquitin E3 ligase other than TRAF‐6. Conclusion Activation of TAK‐1 by phosphorylation and K63‐linked polyubiquitination by injury indicates its role in driving cell activation. Further studies are needed to identify the upstream ubiquitination mechanisms, including the E3 ligase involved.
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Watt FE, Paterson E, Freidin A, Kenny M, Judge A, Saklatvala J, Williams A, Vincent TL. Acute Molecular Changes in Synovial Fluid Following Human Knee Injury: Association With Early Clinical Outcomes. Arthritis Rheumatol 2017; 68:2129-40. [PMID: 26991527 PMCID: PMC5006850 DOI: 10.1002/art.39677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2015] [Accepted: 03/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Objective To investigate whether molecules found to be up‐regulated within hours of surgical joint destabilization in the mouse are also elevated in the analogous human setting of acute knee injury, how this molecular response varies between individuals, and whether it is related to patient‐reported outcomes in the 3 months after injury. Methods Seven candidate molecules were analyzed in blood and synovial fluid (SF) from 150 participants with recent structural knee injury at baseline (<8 weeks from injury) and in blood at 14 days and 3 months following baseline. Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score 4 (KOOS4) was obtained at baseline and 3 months. Patient and control samples were compared using Meso Scale Discovery platform assays or enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. Results Six of the 7 molecules were significantly elevated in human SF immediately after injury: interleukin‐6 (IL‐6), monocyte chemotactic protein 1, matrix metalloproteinase 3 (MMP‐3), tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases 1 (TIMP‐1), activin A, and tumor necrosis factor–stimulated gene 6 (TSG‐6). There was low‐to‐moderate correlation with blood measurements. Three of the 6 molecules were significantly associated with baseline KOOS4 (those with higher SF IL‐6, TIMP‐1, or TSG‐6 had lower KOOS4). These 3 molecules, MMP‐3, and activin A were all significantly associated with greater improvement in KOOS4 over 3 months, after adjustment for other relevant factors. Of these, IL‐6 alone significantly accounted for the molecular contribution to baseline KOOS4 and change in KOOS4 over 3 months. Conclusion Our findings validate relevant human biomarkers of tissue injury identified in a mouse model. Analysis of SF rather than blood more accurately reflects this response. The response is associated with patient‐reported outcomes over this early period, with SF IL‐6 acting as a single representative marker. Longitudinal outcomes will determine if these molecules are biomarkers of subsequent disease risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona E Watt
- Arthritis Research UK Centre for Osteoarthritis Pathogenesis, Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Erin Paterson
- Arthritis Research UK Centre for Osteoarthritis Pathogenesis, Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Andrew Freidin
- Arthritis Research UK Centre for Osteoarthritis Pathogenesis, Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Mark Kenny
- Fortius Clinic, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, St. Mary's Hospital, London, UK
| | - Andrew Judge
- NIHR Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK, and University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Jeremy Saklatvala
- Arthritis Research UK Centre for Osteoarthritis Pathogenesis, Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Andy Williams
- Arthritis Research UK Centre for Osteoarthritis Pathogenesis, Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK, and Fortius Clinic, London, UK
| | - Tonia L Vincent
- Arthritis Research UK Centre for Osteoarthritis Pathogenesis, Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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Das Neves Borges P, Vincent TL, Marenzana M. Automated assessment of bone changes in cross-sectional micro-CT studies of murine experimental osteoarthritis. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0174294. [PMID: 28334010 PMCID: PMC5363908 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0174294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The degradation of articular cartilage, which characterises osteoarthritis (OA), is usually paired with excessive bone remodelling, including subchondral bone sclerosis, cysts, and osteophyte formation. Experimental models of OA are widely used to investigate pathogenesis, yet few validated methodologies for assessing periarticular bone morphology exist and quantitative measurements are limited by manual segmentation of micro-CT scans. The aim of this work was to chart the temporal changes in periarticular bone in murine OA by novel, automated micro-CT methods. METHODS OA was induced by destabilisation of the medial meniscus (DMM) in 10-week old male mice and disease assessed cross-sectionally from 1- to 20-weeks post-surgery. A novel approach was developed to automatically segment subchondral bone compartments into plate and trabecular bone in micro-CT scans of tibial epiphyses. Osteophyte volume, as assessed by shape differences using 3D image registration, and by measuring total epiphyseal volume was performed. RESULTS Significant linear and volumetric structural modifications in subchondral bone compartments and osteophytes were measured from 4-weeks post-surgery and showed progressive changes at all time points; by 20 weeks, medial subchondral bone plate thickness increased by 160±19.5 μm and the medial osteophyte grew by 0.124±0.028 μm3. Excellent agreement was found when automated measurements were compared with manual assessments. CONCLUSION Our automated methods for assessing bone changes in murine periarticular bone are rapid, quantitative, and highly accurate, and promise to be a useful tool in future preclinical studies of OA progression and treatment. The current approaches were developed specifically for cross-sectional micro-CT studies but could be applied to longitudinal studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tonia L. Vincent
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Massimo Marenzana
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, United Kingdom
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Gorvin CM, Hannan FM, Howles SA, Babinsky VN, Piret SE, Rogers A, Freidin AJ, Stewart M, Paudyal A, Hough TA, Nesbit MA, Wells S, Vincent TL, Brown SD, Cox RD, Thakker RV. G α11 mutation in mice causes hypocalcemia rectifiable by calcilytic therapy. JCI Insight 2017; 2:e91103. [PMID: 28194447 PMCID: PMC5291742 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.91103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2016] [Accepted: 01/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Heterozygous germline gain-of-function mutations of G-protein subunit α11 (Gα11), a signaling partner for the calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR), result in autosomal dominant hypocalcemia type 2 (ADH2). ADH2 may cause symptomatic hypocalcemia with low circulating parathyroid hormone (PTH) concentrations. Effective therapies for ADH2 are currently not available, and a mouse model for ADH2 would help in assessment of potential therapies. We hypothesized that a previously reported dark skin mouse mutant (Dsk7) - which has a germline hypermorphic Gα11 mutation, Ile62Val - may be a model for ADH2 and allow evaluation of calcilytics, which are CaSR negative allosteric modulators, as a targeted therapy for this disorder. Mutant Dsk7/+ and Dsk7/Dsk7 mice were shown to have hypocalcemia and reduced plasma PTH concentrations, similar to ADH2 patients. In vitro studies showed the mutant Val62 Gα11 to upregulate CaSR-mediated intracellular calcium and MAPK signaling, consistent with a gain of function. Treatment with NPS-2143, a calcilytic compound, normalized these signaling responses. In vivo, NPS-2143 induced a rapid and marked rise in plasma PTH and calcium concentrations in Dsk7/Dsk7 and Dsk7/+ mice, which became normocalcemic. Thus, these studies have established Dsk7 mice, which harbor a germline gain-of-function Gα11 mutation, as a model for ADH2 and have demonstrated calcilytics as a potential targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline M. Gorvin
- Academic Endocrine Unit, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Fadil M. Hannan
- Academic Endocrine Unit, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Department of Musculoskeletal Biology, Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah A. Howles
- Academic Endocrine Unit, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Valerie N. Babinsky
- Academic Endocrine Unit, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Sian E. Piret
- Academic Endocrine Unit, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Angela Rogers
- Academic Endocrine Unit, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew J. Freidin
- ARUK Centre for Osteoarthritis Pathogenesis, The Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Michelle Stewart
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Mammalian Genetics Unit and Mary Lyon Centre, MRC Harwell Institute, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, United Kingdom
| | - Anju Paudyal
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Mammalian Genetics Unit and Mary Lyon Centre, MRC Harwell Institute, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, United Kingdom
| | - Tertius A. Hough
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Mammalian Genetics Unit and Mary Lyon Centre, MRC Harwell Institute, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, United Kingdom
| | - M. Andrew Nesbit
- Academic Endocrine Unit, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Ulster University, Coleraine, United Kingdom
| | - Sara Wells
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Mammalian Genetics Unit and Mary Lyon Centre, MRC Harwell Institute, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, United Kingdom
| | - Tonia L. Vincent
- ARUK Centre for Osteoarthritis Pathogenesis, The Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen D.M. Brown
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Mammalian Genetics Unit and Mary Lyon Centre, MRC Harwell Institute, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, United Kingdom
| | - Roger D. Cox
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Mammalian Genetics Unit and Mary Lyon Centre, MRC Harwell Institute, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, United Kingdom
| | - Rajesh V. Thakker
- Academic Endocrine Unit, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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Driscoll C, Chanalaris A, Knights C, Ismail H, Sacitharan PK, Gentry C, Bevan S, Vincent TL. Nociceptive Sensitizers Are Regulated in Damaged Joint Tissues, Including Articular Cartilage, When Osteoarthritic Mice Display Pain Behavior. Arthritis Rheumatol 2016; 68:857-67. [PMID: 26605536 PMCID: PMC4979655 DOI: 10.1002/art.39523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2014] [Accepted: 11/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Objective Pain is the most common symptom of osteoarthritis (OA), yet where it originates in the joint and how it is driven are unknown. The aim of this study was to identify pain‐sensitizing molecules that are regulated in the joint when mice subjected to surgical joint destabilization develop OA‐related pain behavior, the tissues in which these molecules are being regulated, and the factors that control their regulation. Methods Ten‐week‐old mice underwent sham surgery, partial meniscectomy, or surgical destabilization of the medial meniscus (DMM). Pain‐related behavior as determined by a variety of methods (testing of responses to von Frey filaments, cold plate testing for cold sensitivity, analgesiometry, incapacitance testing, and forced flexion testing) was assessed weekly. Once pain‐related behavior was established, RNA was extracted from either whole joints or microdissected tissue samples (articular cartilage, meniscus, and bone). Reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction analysis was performed to analyze the expression of 54 genes known to regulate pain sensitization. Cartilage injury assays were performed using avulsed immature hips from wild‐type or genetically modified mice or by explanting articular cartilage from porcine joints preinjected with pharmacologic inhibitors. Levels of nerve growth factor (NGF) protein were measured by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. Results Mice developed pain‐related behavior 8 weeks after undergoing partial meniscectomy or 12 weeks after undergoing DMM. NGF, bradykinin receptors B1 and B2, tachykinin, and tachykinin receptor 1 were significantly regulated in the joints of mice displaying pain‐related behavior. Little regulation of inflammatory cytokines, leukocyte activation markers, or chemokines was observed. When tissue samples from articular cartilage, meniscus, and bone were analyzed separately, NGF was consistently regulated in the articular cartilage. The other pain sensitizers were also largely regulated in the articular cartilage, although there were some differences between the 2 models. NGF and tachykinin were strongly regulated by simple mechanical injury of cartilage in vitro in a transforming growth factor β–activated kinase 1–, fibroblast growth factor 2–, and Src kinase–dependent manner. Conclusion Damaged joint tissues produce proalgesic molecules, including NGF, in murine OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clare Driscoll
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology and University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | | | - Heba Ismail
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology and University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | | | | | - Tonia L Vincent
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology and University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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