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Ruiz-Diaz R, Pennino MG, Fisher JAD, Eddy TD. Decadal changes in biomass and distribution of key fisheries species on Newfoundland's Grand Banks. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0300311. [PMID: 38557451 PMCID: PMC10984460 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0300311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Canadian fisheries management has embraced the precautionary approach and the incorporation of ecosystem information into decision-making processes. Accurate estimation of fish stock biomass is crucial for ensuring sustainable exploitation of marine resources. Spatio-temporal models can provide improved indices of biomass as they capture spatial and temporal correlations in data and can account for environmental factors influencing biomass distributions. In this study, we developed a spatio-temporal generalized additive model (st-GAM) to investigate the relationships between bottom temperature, depth, and the biomass of three key fished species on The Grand Banks: snow crab (Chionoecetes opilio), yellowtail flounder (Limanda ferruginea), and Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua). Our findings revealed changes in the centre of gravity of Atlantic cod that could be related to a northern shift of the species within the Grand Banks or to a faster recovery of the 2J3KL stock. Atlantic cod also displayed hyperaggregation behaviour with the species showing a continuous distribution over the Grand Banks when biomass is high. These findings suggest a joint stock assessment between the 2J3KL and 3NO stocks would be advisable. However, barriers may need to be addressed to achieve collaboration between the two distinct regulatory bodies (i.e., DFO and NAFO) in charge of managing the stocks. Snow crab and yellowtail flounder centres of gravity have remained relatively constant over time. We also estimated novel indices of biomass, informed by environmental factors. Our study represents a step towards ecosystem-based fisheries management for the highly dynamic Grand Banks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Ruiz-Diaz
- Centre for Fisheries Ecosystems Research, Fisheries & Marine Institute, Memorial University, St. John’s, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada
| | - Maria Grazia Pennino
- Spanish Institute of Oceanography (IEO, CSIC), Madrid Oceanographic Center, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jonathan A. D. Fisher
- Centre for Fisheries Ecosystems Research, Fisheries & Marine Institute, Memorial University, St. John’s, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada
| | - Tyler D. Eddy
- Centre for Fisheries Ecosystems Research, Fisheries & Marine Institute, Memorial University, St. John’s, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada
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2
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Guibourd de Luzinais V, du Pontavice H, Reygondeau G, Barrier N, Blanchard JL, Bornarel V, Büchner M, Cheung WWL, Eddy TD, Everett JD, Guiet J, Harrison CS, Maury O, Novaglio C, Petrik CM, Steenbeek J, Tittensor DP, Gascuel D. Trophic amplification: A model intercomparison of climate driven changes in marine food webs. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0287570. [PMID: 37611010 PMCID: PMC10446190 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0287570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Marine animal biomass is expected to decrease in the 21st century due to climate driven changes in ocean environmental conditions. Previous studies suggest that the magnitude of the decline in primary production on apex predators could be amplified through the trophodynamics of marine food webs, leading to larger decreases in the biomass of predators relative to the decrease in primary production, a mechanism called trophic amplification. We compared relative changes in producer and consumer biomass or production in the global ocean to assess the extent of trophic amplification. We used simulations from nine marine ecosystem models (MEMs) from the Fisheries and Marine Ecosystem Models Intercomparison Project forced by two Earth System Models under the high greenhouse gas emissions Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSP5-8.5) and a scenario of no fishing. Globally, total consumer biomass is projected to decrease by 16.7 ± 9.5% more than net primary production (NPP) by 2090-2099 relative to 1995-2014, with substantial variations among MEMs and regions. Total consumer biomass is projected to decrease almost everywhere in the ocean (80% of the world's oceans) in the model ensemble. In 40% of the world's oceans, consumer biomass was projected to decrease more than NPP. Additionally, in another 36% of the world's oceans consumer biomass is expected to decrease even as projected NPP increases. By analysing the biomass response within food webs in available MEMs, we found that model parameters and structures contributed to more complex responses than a consistent amplification of climate impacts of higher trophic levels. Our study provides additional insights into the ecological mechanisms that will impact marine ecosystems, thereby informing model and scenario development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vianney Guibourd de Luzinais
- UMR Dynamics and Sustainability of Ecosystems: From Source to Sea (DECOD), Institut Agro, Ifremer, INRAE, Rennes, France
- Institute for the Oceans and Fisheries, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Hubert du Pontavice
- UMR Dynamics and Sustainability of Ecosystems: From Source to Sea (DECOD), Institut Agro, Ifremer, INRAE, Rennes, France
- Program in Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, United States of America
| | - Gabriel Reygondeau
- Institute for the Oceans and Fisheries, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | | | - Julia L. Blanchard
- Institute of Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
- Centre for Marine Socioecology, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Virginie Bornarel
- Institute for the Oceans and Fisheries, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Matthias Büchner
- Potsdam-Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK), Potsdam, Germany
| | - William W. L. Cheung
- Institute for the Oceans and Fisheries, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Tyler D. Eddy
- Centre for Fisheries Ecosystems Research, Fisheries & Marine Institute, Memorial University, St. John’s, NL, Canada
| | - Jason D. Everett
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Centre for Marine Science and Innovation, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) Environment, Queensland Biosciences Precinct, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Jerome Guiet
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
| | - Cheryl S. Harrison
- Department of Coastal and Ocean Science and Center for Computation and Technology, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, United States of America
| | - Olivier Maury
- MARBEC, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, IRD, Sète, France
| | - Camilla Novaglio
- Institute of Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
- Centre for Marine Socioecology, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Colleen M. Petrik
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States of America
| | | | | | - Didier Gascuel
- UMR Dynamics and Sustainability of Ecosystems: From Source to Sea (DECOD), Institut Agro, Ifremer, INRAE, Rennes, France
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3
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Tittensor DP, Novaglio C, Harrison CS, Heneghan RF, Barrier N, Bianchi D, Bopp L, Bryndum-Buchholz A, Britten GL, Büchner M, Cheung WWL, Christensen V, Coll M, Dunne JP, Eddy TD, Everett JD, Fernandes-Salvador JA, Fulton EA, Galbraith ED, Gascuel D, Guiet J, John JG, Link JS, Lotze HK, Maury O, Ortega-Cisneros K, Palacios-Abrantes J, Petrik CM, du Pontavice H, Rault J, Richardson AJ, Shannon L, Shin YJ, Steenbeek J, Stock CA, Blanchard JL. Next-generation ensemble projections reveal higher climate risks for marine ecosystems. Nat Clim Chang 2021; 11:973-981. [PMID: 34745348 PMCID: PMC8556156 DOI: 10.1038/s41558-021-01173-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Projections of climate change impacts on marine ecosystems have revealed long-term declines in global marine animal biomass and unevenly distributed impacts on fisheries. Here we apply an enhanced suite of global marine ecosystem models from the Fisheries and Marine Ecosystem Model Intercomparison Project (Fish-MIP), forced by new-generation Earth system model outputs from Phase 6 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6), to provide insights into how projected climate change will affect future ocean ecosystems. Compared with the previous generation CMIP5-forced Fish-MIP ensemble, the new ensemble ecosystem simulations show a greater decline in mean global ocean animal biomass under both strong-mitigation and high-emissions scenarios due to elevated warming, despite greater uncertainty in net primary production in the high-emissions scenario. Regional shifts in the direction of biomass changes highlight the continued and urgent need to reduce uncertainty in the projected responses of marine ecosystems to climate change to help support adaptation planning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek P. Tittensor
- Department of Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia Canada
- United Nations Environment Programme World Conservation Monitoring Centre, Cambridge, UK
| | - Camilla Novaglio
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania Australia
- Center for Marine Socio-ecology, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania Australia
| | - Cheryl S. Harrison
- School of Earth, Environmental and Marine Science, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Port Isabel, TX USA
- Department of Ocean and Coastal Science and Centre for Computation and Technology, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA USA
| | - Ryan F. Heneghan
- School of Mathematical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland Australia
| | - Nicolas Barrier
- MARBEC, IRD, Univ Montpellier, Ifremer, CNRS, Sète/Montpellier, France
| | - Daniele Bianchi
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA USA
| | - Laurent Bopp
- LMD/IPSL, CNRS, Ecole Normale Supérieure, Université PSL, Sorbonne Université, Ecole Polytechnique, Paris, France
| | | | - Gregory L. Britten
- Program in Atmospheres, Oceans, and Climate, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA USA
| | - Matthias Büchner
- Potsdam-Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK), Potsdam, Germany
| | - William W. L. Cheung
- Institute for the Oceans and Fisheries, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia Canada
| | - Villy Christensen
- Institute for the Oceans and Fisheries, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia Canada
| | - Marta Coll
- Institute of Marine Science (ICM-CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
- Ecopath International Initiative Research Association, Barcelona, Spain
| | - John P. Dunne
- NOAA/OAR Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory, Princeton, NJ USA
| | - Tyler D. Eddy
- Centre for Fisheries Ecosystems Research, Fisheries and Marine Institute, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, Newfoundland and Labrador Canada
| | - Jason D. Everett
- School of Mathematics and Physics, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland Australia
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) Oceans and Atmosphere, Queensland Biosciences Precinct, St Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland Australia
- Centre for Marine Science and Innovation, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales Australia
| | | | - Elizabeth A. Fulton
- Center for Marine Socio-ecology, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania Australia
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) Oceans and Atmosphere, Hobart, Tasmania Australia
| | - Eric D. Galbraith
- Department of Earth and Planetary Science, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec Canada
| | - Didier Gascuel
- UMR Ecology and Ecosystems Health (ESE), Institut Agro, Inrae, Rennes, France
| | - Jerome Guiet
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA USA
| | - Jasmin G. John
- NOAA/OAR Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory, Princeton, NJ USA
| | | | - Heike K. Lotze
- Department of Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia Canada
| | - Olivier Maury
- MARBEC, IRD, Univ Montpellier, Ifremer, CNRS, Sète/Montpellier, France
| | | | - Juliano Palacios-Abrantes
- Institute for the Oceans and Fisheries, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia Canada
- Center for Limnology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI USA
| | - Colleen M. Petrik
- Department of Oceanography, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX USA
| | - Hubert du Pontavice
- UMR Ecology and Ecosystems Health (ESE), Institut Agro, Inrae, Rennes, France
- Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences Program, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ USA
| | - Jonathan Rault
- MARBEC, IRD, Univ Montpellier, Ifremer, CNRS, Sète/Montpellier, France
| | - Anthony J. Richardson
- School of Mathematics and Physics, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland Australia
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) Oceans and Atmosphere, Queensland Biosciences Precinct, St Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland Australia
| | - Lynne Shannon
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Yunne-Jai Shin
- MARBEC, IRD, Univ Montpellier, Ifremer, CNRS, Sète/Montpellier, France
| | - Jeroen Steenbeek
- Ecopath International Initiative Research Association, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Charles A. Stock
- NOAA/OAR Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory, Princeton, NJ USA
| | - Julia L. Blanchard
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania Australia
- Center for Marine Socio-ecology, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania Australia
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4
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Eddy TD, Bernhardt JR, Blanchard JL, Cheung WW, Colléter M, du Pontavice H, Fulton EA, Gascuel D, Kearney KA, Petrik CM, Roy T, Rykaczewski RR, Selden R, Stock CA, Wabnitz CC, Watson RA. Energy Flow Through Marine Ecosystems: Confronting Transfer Efficiency. Trends Ecol Evol 2021; 36:76-86. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2020.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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5
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Christie AP, Abecasis D, Adjeroud M, Alonso JC, Amano T, Anton A, Baldigo BP, Barrientos R, Bicknell JE, Buhl DA, Cebrian J, Ceia RS, Cibils-Martina L, Clarke S, Claudet J, Craig MD, Davoult D, De Backer A, Donovan MK, Eddy TD, França FM, Gardner JPA, Harris BP, Huusko A, Jones IL, Kelaher BP, Kotiaho JS, López-Baucells A, Major HL, Mäki-Petäys A, Martín B, Martín CA, Martin PA, Mateos-Molina D, McConnaughey RA, Meroni M, Meyer CFJ, Mills K, Montefalcone M, Noreika N, Palacín C, Pande A, Pitcher CR, Ponce C, Rinella M, Rocha R, Ruiz-Delgado MC, Schmitter-Soto JJ, Shaffer JA, Sharma S, Sher AA, Stagnol D, Stanley TR, Stokesbury KDE, Torres A, Tully O, Vehanen T, Watts C, Zhao Q, Sutherland WJ. Quantifying and addressing the prevalence and bias of study designs in the environmental and social sciences. Nat Commun 2020; 11:6377. [PMID: 33311448 PMCID: PMC7733498 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-20142-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Building trust in science and evidence-based decision-making depends heavily on the credibility of studies and their findings. Researchers employ many different study designs that vary in their risk of bias to evaluate the true effect of interventions or impacts. Here, we empirically quantify, on a large scale, the prevalence of different study designs and the magnitude of bias in their estimates. Randomised designs and controlled observational designs with pre-intervention sampling were used by just 23% of intervention studies in biodiversity conservation, and 36% of intervention studies in social science. We demonstrate, through pairwise within-study comparisons across 49 environmental datasets, that these types of designs usually give less biased estimates than simpler observational designs. We propose a model-based approach to combine study estimates that may suffer from different levels of study design bias, discuss the implications for evidence synthesis, and how to facilitate the use of more credible study designs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alec P Christie
- Conservation Science Group, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, The David Attenborough Building, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB3 3QZ, UK.
| | - David Abecasis
- Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMar), Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal
| | - Mehdi Adjeroud
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), UMR 9220 ENTROPIE & Laboratoire d'Excellence CORAIL, Université de Perpignan Via Domitia, 52 avenue Paul Alduy, 66860, Perpignan, France
| | - Juan C Alonso
- Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Tatsuya Amano
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4072, QLD, Australia
| | - Alvaro Anton
- Education Faculty of Bilbao, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU). Sarriena z/g E-48940 Leioa, Basque Country, Spain
| | - Barry P Baldigo
- U.S. Geological Survey, New York Water Science Center, 425 Jordan Rd., Troy, NY, 12180, USA
| | - Rafael Barrientos
- Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Departamento de Biodiversidad, Ecología y Evolución, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, c/ José Antonio Novais, 12, E-28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jake E Bicknell
- Durrell Institute of Conservation and Ecology (DICE), School of Anthropology and Conservation, University of Kent, Canterbury, CT2 7NR, UK
| | - Deborah A Buhl
- U.S. Geological Survey, Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center, Jamestown, ND, 58401, USA
| | - Just Cebrian
- Northern Gulf Institute, Mississippi State University, 1021 Balch Blvd, John C. Stennis Space Center, Mississippi, 39529, USA
| | - Ricardo S Ceia
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Dept. Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- CFE - Centre for Functional Ecology, Dept. Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Luciana Cibils-Martina
- Departamento de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto (UNRC), Córdoba, Argentina
- CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Sarah Clarke
- Marine Institute, Rinville, Oranmore, Galway, Ireland
| | - Joachim Claudet
- National Center for Scientific Research, PSL Université Paris, CRIOBE, USR 3278 CNRS-EPHE-UPVD, Maison des Océans, 195 rue Saint-Jacques, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Michael D Craig
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, 6009, Australia
- School of Environmental and Conservation Sciences, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, 6150, Australia
| | - Dominique Davoult
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, UMR 7144, Station Biologique, F.29680, Roscoff, France
| | - Annelies De Backer
- Flanders Research Institute for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (ILVO), Ankerstraat 1, 8400, Ostend, Belgium
| | - Mary K Donovan
- Marine Science Institute, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA
- Hawaii Institute of Marine Biology, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, 96822, USA
| | - Tyler D Eddy
- Baruch Institute for Marine & Coastal Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
- Centre for Fisheries Ecosystems Research, Fisheries & Marine Institute, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Canada
- School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, P O Box 600, Wellington, 6140, New Zealand
| | - Filipe M França
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, LA1 4YQ, Lancaster, UK
| | - Jonathan P A Gardner
- School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, P O Box 600, Wellington, 6140, New Zealand
| | - Bradley P Harris
- Fisheries, Aquatic Science and Technology Laboratory, Alaska Pacific University, 4101 University Dr., Anchorage, AK, 99508, USA
| | - Ari Huusko
- Natural Resources Institute Finland, Manamansalontie 90, 88300, Paltamo, Finland
| | - Ian L Jones
- Department of Biology, Memorial University, St. John's, NL, A1B 2R3, Canada
| | - Brendan P Kelaher
- National Marine Science Centre and Marine Ecology Research Centre, Southern Cross University, 2 Bay Drive, Coffs Harbour, 2450, Australia
| | - Janne S Kotiaho
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
- School of Resource Wisdom, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Adrià López-Baucells
- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes - cE3c, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, 1749-016, Lisbon, Portugal
- Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragments Project, National Institute for Amazonian Research and Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, 69011-970, Manaus, Brazil
- Granollers Museum of Natural History, Granollers, Spain
| | - Heather L Major
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of New Brunswick, PO Box 5050, Saint John, NB, E2L 4L5, Canada
| | - Aki Mäki-Petäys
- Voimalohi Oy, Voimatie 23, Voimatie, 91100, Ii, Finland
- Natural Resources Institute Finland, Paavo Havaksen tie 3, 90014 University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Beatriz Martín
- Fundación Migres CIMA Ctra, Cádiz, Spain
- Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission of UNESCO, Marine Policy and Regional Coordination Section Paris 07, Paris, France
| | - Carlos A Martín
- Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Departamento de Biodiversidad, Ecología y Evolución, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, c/ José Antonio Novais, 12, E-28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Philip A Martin
- Conservation Science Group, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, The David Attenborough Building, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB3 3QZ, UK
- BioRISC, St. Catharine's College, Cambridge, CB2 1RL, UK
| | - Daniel Mateos-Molina
- Departamento de Ecología e Hidrología, Universidad de Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - Robert A McConnaughey
- RACE Division, Alaska Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA, 98115, USA
| | - Michele Meroni
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Ispra, VA, Italy
| | - Christoph F J Meyer
- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes - cE3c, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, 1749-016, Lisbon, Portugal
- Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragments Project, National Institute for Amazonian Research and Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, 69011-970, Manaus, Brazil
- School of Science, Engineering and Environment, University of Salford, Salford, M5 4WT, UK
| | - Kade Mills
- Victorian National Park Association, Carlton, VIC, Australia
| | - Monica Montefalcone
- Department of Earth, Environment and Life Sciences (DiSTAV), University of Genoa, Corso Europa 26, 16132, Genoa, Italy
| | - Norbertas Noreika
- Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
- Chair of Plant Health, Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Carlos Palacín
- Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Anjali Pande
- School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, P O Box 600, Wellington, 6140, New Zealand
- Biosecurity New Zealand - Tiakitanga Pūtaiao Aotearoa, Ministry for Primary Industries - Manatū Ahu Matua, 66 Ward St, PO Box 40742, Wallaceville, New Zealand
- National Institute of Water & Atmospheric Research Ltd (NIWA), 301 Evans Bay Parade, Greta Point Wellington, New Zealand
| | - C Roland Pitcher
- CSIRO Oceans & Atmosphere, Queensland Biosciences Precinct, 306 Carmody Road, ST. LUCIA QLD, 4067, Australia
| | - Carlos Ponce
- Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, CSIC, José Gutiérrez Abascal 2, E-28006, Madrid, Spain
| | - Matt Rinella
- Fort Keogh Livestock and Range Research Laboratory, 243 Fort Keogh Rd, Miles City, Montana, 59301, USA
| | - Ricardo Rocha
- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes - cE3c, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, 1749-016, Lisbon, Portugal
- Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragments Project, National Institute for Amazonian Research and Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, 69011-970, Manaus, Brazil
- CIBIO-InBIO, Research Centre in Biodiversity and Genetic Resources, University of Porto, Vairão, Portugal
| | - María C Ruiz-Delgado
- Departamento de Sistemas Físicos, Químicos y Naturales, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, ES-41013, Sevilla, Spain
| | | | - Jill A Shaffer
- U.S. Geological Survey, Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center, Jamestown, ND, 58401, USA
| | - Shailesh Sharma
- Division of Fish and Wildlife, New York State Department of Environmental Conservation, 625 Broadway, Albany, NY, 12233-4756, USA
| | - Anna A Sher
- University of Denver Department of Biological Sciences, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Doriane Stagnol
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, UMR 7144, Station Biologique, F.29680, Roscoff, France
| | - Thomas R Stanley
- U.S. Geological Survey, Fort Collins Science Center, Fort Collins, CO, 80526, USA
| | - Kevin D E Stokesbury
- School for Marine Science and Technology, University of Massachusetts Dartmouth, New Bedford, MA, USA
| | - Aurora Torres
- Georges Lemaître Earth and Climate Research Centre, Earth and Life Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, 1348, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
- Center for Systems Integration and Sustainability, Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, 13 Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48823, USA
| | - Oliver Tully
- Marine Institute, Rinville, Oranmore, Galway, Ireland
| | - Teppo Vehanen
- Natural Resources Institute Finland, Latokartanonkaari 9, 00790, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Corinne Watts
- Manaaki Whenua - Landcare Research, Private Bag 3127, Hamilton, 3216, New Zealand
| | - Qingyuan Zhao
- Statistical Laboratory, Department of Pure Mathematics and Mathematical Statistics, University of Cambridge, Wilberforce Road, Cambridge, CB3 0WB, UK
| | - William J Sutherland
- Conservation Science Group, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, The David Attenborough Building, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB3 3QZ, UK
- BioRISC, St. Catharine's College, Cambridge, CB2 1RL, UK
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6
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Liggins L, Sweatman JA, Trnski T, Duffy CAJ, Eddy TD, Aguirre JD. Natural history footage provides new reef fish biodiversity information for a pristine but rarely visited archipelago. Sci Rep 2020; 10:3159. [PMID: 32081990 PMCID: PMC7035361 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-60136-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
There remain parts of our planet that are seldom visited by humans, let alone scientists. In such locations, crowd-sourced or citizen scientist data can be critical in describing biodiversity and detecting change. Rangitāhua, the Kermadec Islands, are 750 km from the nearest human-habitation. Although our knowledge of this near pristine location has increased with recent biodiversity expeditions, we still lack comprehensive understanding of the marine biodiversity surrounding the islands. In 2015, professional underwater videographers were commissioned to produce a nature documentary focused on Rangitāhua’s reefs. We strategically surveyed the raw documentary video and examined how biodiversity estimates differed from traditional scientific surveys. We uncovered three new fish species records for Rangitāhua, extending the known distribution for each species, two of which are also new records for New Zealand waters. Comparison of documentary video footage with scientific survey methods showed that estimates of reef fish species richness from the documentary video were similar to stationary surveys, but lower than non-stationary surveys. Moreover, all survey methods, including documentary video, captured different fish assemblages, reflecting each method’s particular bias. Overall, we provide a proof-of-concept for how collaborations between scientists and professional natural historians, such as videographers and photographers, can provide valuable biodiversity information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Libby Liggins
- School of Natural and Computational Sciences, Massey University, Auckland, New Zealand. .,Auckland War Memorial Museum, Tāmaki Paenga Hira, Auckland, New Zealand.
| | - Jenny Ann Sweatman
- School of Natural and Computational Sciences, Massey University, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Thomas Trnski
- Auckland War Memorial Museum, Tāmaki Paenga Hira, Auckland, New Zealand
| | | | - Tyler D Eddy
- Centre for Fisheries Ecosystems Research, Fisheries and Marine Institute, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Canada.,School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - J David Aguirre
- School of Natural and Computational Sciences, Massey University, Auckland, New Zealand
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7
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Kenny TA, Archambault P, Ayotte P, Batal M, Chan HM, Cheung W, Eddy TD, Little M, Ota Y, Pétrin-Desrosiers C, Plante S, Poitras J, Polanco F, Singh G, Lemire M. Oceans and human health—navigating changes on Canada’s coasts. Facets (Ott) 2020. [DOI: 10.1139/facets-2020-0035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Ocean conditions can affect human health in a variety of ways that are often overlooked and unappreciated. Oceans adjacent to Canada are affected by many anthropogenic stressors, with implications for human health and well-being. Climate change further escalates these pressures and can expose coastal populations to unique health hazards and distressing conditions. However, current research efforts, education or training curriculums, and policies in Canada critically lack explicit consideration of these ocean–public health linkages. The objective of this paper is to present multiple disciplinary perspectives from academics and health practitioners to inform the development of future directions for research, capacity development, and policy and practice at the interface of oceans and human health in Canada. We synthesize major ocean and human health linkages in Canada, and identify climate-sensitive drivers of change, drawing attention to unique considerations in Canada. To support effective, sustained, and equitable collaborations at the nexus of oceans and human health, we recommend the need for progress in three critical areas: ( i) holistic worldviews and perspectives, ( ii) capacity development, and ( iii) structural supports. Canada can play a key role in supporting the global community in addressing the health challenges of climate and ocean changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiff-Annie Kenny
- Département de médecine sociale et préventive, Faculté de médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
- Axe santé des populations et pratiques optimales en santé, Centre de recherche du CHU de québec, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1S 4L8, Canada
| | - Philippe Archambault
- Département de biologie, Faculté des sciences et de génie, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
- ArcticNet, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Pierre Ayotte
- Axe santé des populations et pratiques optimales en santé, Centre de recherche du CHU de québec, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1S 4L8, Canada
| | - Malek Batal
- Département de nutrition, Faculté de médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
- Centre de recherche en santé publique (CReSP), Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Hing Man Chan
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - William Cheung
- Institute of Oceans and Fisheries (IOF), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Tyler D. Eddy
- Centre for Fisheries Ecosystems Research, Fisheries & Marine Institute, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, NL A1C 5R3, Canada
| | - Matthew Little
- School of Public Health and Social Policy, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada
| | - Yoshitaka Ota
- Nippon Foundation Ocean Nexus Center, EarthLab, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-5674, USA
- School of Marine and Environmental Affairs (SMEA), University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-5685, USA
| | - Claudel Pétrin-Desrosiers
- Département de médecine familiale et de médecine d’urgence, Faculté de médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
- Association canadienne des médecins pour l’environnement/Canadian Association of Physicians for the Environment (ACME/CAPE), Toronto, ON M5T 2C2, Canada
| | - Steve Plante
- Département Sociétés territoires et développement, Université du Québec à Rimouski, Rimouski, QC G5L 3A1, Canada
| | - Julien Poitras
- Département de médecine familiale et de médecine d’urgence, Faculté de médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Fernando Polanco
- School of Medicine, St. George’s University, St. George’s, Grenada, West Indies
| | - Gerald Singh
- Department of Geography, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, NL A1B 3X9, Canada
| | - Mélanie Lemire
- Département de médecine sociale et préventive, Faculté de médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
- Axe santé des populations et pratiques optimales en santé, Centre de recherche du CHU de québec, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1S 4L8, Canada
- Institut de biologie intégrative et des systèmes (IBIS), Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
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8
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Eddy TD, Friedlander AM, Salinas de León P. Ecosystem effects of fishing & El Niño at the Galápagos Marine Reserve. PeerJ 2019; 7:e6878. [PMID: 31119082 PMCID: PMC6511225 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.6878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 03/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The Galápagos Archipelago is home to a diverse range of marine bioregions due to the confluence of several cold and warm water currents, resulting in some of the most productive tropical marine ecosystems in the world. These ecosystems are strongly influenced by El Niño events which can reduce primary production by an order of magnitude, dramatically reducing energy available throughout the food web. Fisheries are an important component of the local economy, although artisanal and illegal overfishing have dramatically reduced the productivity of invertebrate and finfish resources in recent decades, resulting in reductions in catches for local fishers. The regionally-endemic sailfin grouper (Myctereoperca olfax), locally known as bacalao, was once the most important fished species in the Galápagos, but is now listed as vulnerable by the IUCN due to its limited range and dramatic declines in catch over time. It is unknown how reduction of this predatory species has affected ecosystem structure and function. In the absence of stock assessments, we used an estimate of unfished bacalao biomass from fishers’ ecological knowledge along with unfished biomass estimates of other heavily exploited stocks—lobster (Panulirus penicillatus and P. gracilis) and sea cucumber (Isostichopus fuscus)—to create historical, unfished versions of existing modern day ecosystem models. We used the unfished and modern versions of the ecosystem models to test the ecosystem effects of bacalao exploitation at the Bolivar Channel, located in the cold, west upwelling bioregion of the archipelago during both El Niño and non El Niño years, and at Floreana Island, in the warmer, central bioregion. Fishers’ ecological knowledge indicates that at present, the biomass of bacalao is at least seven times lower than when unfished. This reduced bacalao biomass is linked with a greatly reduced ecosystem role compared to when unfished, and ecosystem role is further reduced in El Niño years. Allowing bacalao populations to rebuild to at least half of unfished biomass would partially restore their role within these ecosystems, while also resulting in greater fisheries catches. Comparing ecosystem impacts caused by fishing and El Niño, fishing has had a greater negative impact on bacalao ecosystem role than regular El Niño events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler D Eddy
- Changing Ocean Research Unit, Institute for the Oceans & Fisheries, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada.,Department of Marine Sciences, Charles Darwin Research Station, Puerto Ayora, Galápagos Islands, Ecuador.,Nereus Program, Baruch Institute for Marine & Coastal Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Alan M Friedlander
- Pristine Seas, National Geographic Society, Washington, DC, USA.,Fisheries Ecology Research Lab, University of Hawai'i, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Pelayo Salinas de León
- Department of Marine Sciences, Charles Darwin Research Station, Puerto Ayora, Galápagos Islands, Ecuador.,Pristine Seas, National Geographic Society, Washington, DC, USA
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Schewe J, Gosling SN, Reyer C, Zhao F, Ciais P, Elliott J, Francois L, Huber V, Lotze HK, Seneviratne SI, van Vliet MTH, Vautard R, Wada Y, Breuer L, Büchner M, Carozza DA, Chang J, Coll M, Deryng D, de Wit A, Eddy TD, Folberth C, Frieler K, Friend AD, Gerten D, Gudmundsson L, Hanasaki N, Ito A, Khabarov N, Kim H, Lawrence P, Morfopoulos C, Müller C, Müller Schmied H, Orth R, Ostberg S, Pokhrel Y, Pugh TAM, Sakurai G, Satoh Y, Schmid E, Stacke T, Steenbeek J, Steinkamp J, Tang Q, Tian H, Tittensor DP, Volkholz J, Wang X, Warszawski L. State-of-the-art global models underestimate impacts from climate extremes. Nat Commun 2019; 10:1005. [PMID: 30824763 PMCID: PMC6397256 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-08745-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Global impact models represent process-level understanding of how natural and human systems may be affected by climate change. Their projections are used in integrated assessments of climate change. Here we test, for the first time, systematically across many important systems, how well such impact models capture the impacts of extreme climate conditions. Using the 2003 European heat wave and drought as a historical analogue for comparable events in the future, we find that a majority of models underestimate the extremeness of impacts in important sectors such as agriculture, terrestrial ecosystems, and heat-related human mortality, while impacts on water resources and hydropower are overestimated in some river basins; and the spread across models is often large. This has important implications for economic assessments of climate change impacts that rely on these models. It also means that societal risks from future extreme events may be greater than previously thought.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Schewe
- Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research, Member of the Leibniz Association, 14473, Potsdam, Germany.
| | - Simon N Gosling
- School of Geography, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Christopher Reyer
- Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research, Member of the Leibniz Association, 14473, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Fang Zhao
- School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Philippe Ciais
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, CEA-CNRS-UVSQ, 91191, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Joshua Elliott
- University of Chicago and ANL Computation Institute, 5735S. Ellis Ave, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Louis Francois
- Institut d'Astrophysique et de Géophysique/U.R. SPHERES, Université de Liège, B-4000, LIEGE, Belgium
| | - Veronika Huber
- Department of Physical, Chemical and Natural Systems, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Ctra. de Utrera 1, 41013, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Heike K Lotze
- Department of Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Sonia I Seneviratne
- ETH Zurich, Land-Climate Dynamics, Institute for Atmospheric and Climate Science, 8092, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Michelle T H van Vliet
- Water Systems and Global Change group, Wageningen University, PO Box 47, 6700 AA, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Robert Vautard
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, CEA-CNRS-UVSQ, 91191, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Yoshihide Wada
- International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Schlossplatz 1, A-2361, Laxenburg, Austria
| | - Lutz Breuer
- Institute for Landscape Ecology and Resources Management (ILR), Research Centre for BioSystems, Land Use and Nutrition (iFZ), Justus Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26, 35390, Giessen, Germany
- Centre for International Development and Environmental Research (ZEU), Justus Liebig University Giessen, Senckenbergstraße 3, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Matthias Büchner
- Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research, Member of the Leibniz Association, 14473, Potsdam, Germany
| | - David A Carozza
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, H3A 0E8, Canada
- Department of Mathematics, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, H2X 3Y7, Canada
| | - Jinfeng Chang
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, CEA-CNRS-UVSQ, 91191, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Marta Coll
- Institute of Marine Sciences (ICM - CSIC), Barcelona, E-08003, Spain
| | - Delphine Deryng
- Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Müncheberg, 15374, Germany
- IRI THEsys, Humboldt University of Berlin, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Allard de Wit
- Wageningen Environmental Research, 6700 AA, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Tyler D Eddy
- Department of Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada
- Nereus Program, Institute for the Oceans and Fisheries, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, V6T 1Z4, BC, Canada
- Nereus Program, Institute for Marine & Coastal Sciences, School of the Earth, Ocean, and Environment, University of South Carolina, Columbia, 29208, SC, USA
| | - Christian Folberth
- International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Schlossplatz 1, A-2361, Laxenburg, Austria
| | - Katja Frieler
- Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research, Member of the Leibniz Association, 14473, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Andrew D Friend
- Department of Geography, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EN, UK
| | - Dieter Gerten
- Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research, Member of the Leibniz Association, 14473, Potsdam, Germany
- Geography Department, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10099, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lukas Gudmundsson
- ETH Zurich, Land-Climate Dynamics, Institute for Atmospheric and Climate Science, 8092, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Naota Hanasaki
- National Institute for Environmental Studies, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8506, Japan
| | - Akihiko Ito
- National Institute for Environmental Studies, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8506, Japan
| | - Nikolay Khabarov
- International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Schlossplatz 1, A-2361, Laxenburg, Austria
| | - Hyungjun Kim
- Institute of Industrial Science, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 153-8505, Japan
| | - Peter Lawrence
- Terrestrial Science Section, National Center for Atmospheric Research, 1850 Table Mesa Drive, Boulder, CO, 80305, USA
| | - Catherine Morfopoulos
- Imperial College of London, Department of Life Science, Silwood Park Campus Buckhurst Rd, Berks, SL5 7PY, UK
| | - Christoph Müller
- Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research, Member of the Leibniz Association, 14473, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Hannes Müller Schmied
- Institute of Physical Geography, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Altenhöferallee 1, 60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre (SBiK-F), Senckenberganlage 25, 60325, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - René Orth
- Department of Physical Geography, Bolin Centre for Climate Research, Stockholm University, SE-10691, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Biogeochemical Integration, Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, D-07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Sebastian Ostberg
- Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research, Member of the Leibniz Association, 14473, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Yadu Pokhrel
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Michigan State University, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Thomas A M Pugh
- School of Geography, Earth & Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
- Birmingham Institute of Forest Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Gen Sakurai
- Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, 3-1-3 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8604, Japan
| | - Yusuke Satoh
- Water Systems and Global Change group, Wageningen University, PO Box 47, 6700 AA, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- National Institute for Environmental Studies, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8506, Japan
| | - Erwin Schmid
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Feistmantelstrasse 4, 1180, Vienna, Austria
| | - Tobias Stacke
- Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, 20146, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Jörg Steinkamp
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre (SBiK-F), Senckenberganlage 25, 60325, Frankfurt, Germany
- Johannes Gutenberg-University, Anselm-Franz-von-Bentzel-Weg 12, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Qiuhong Tang
- Key Laboratory of Water Cycle and Related Land Surface Processes, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101, Beijing, China
| | - Hanqin Tian
- School of Forestry and Wildlife Sciences, Auburn University, 602 Duncan Drive, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
| | - Derek P Tittensor
- Department of Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada
- UN Environment Programme World Conservation Monitoring Centre, 219 Huntingdon Road, Cambridge, CB3 0DP, UK
| | - Jan Volkholz
- Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research, Member of the Leibniz Association, 14473, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Xuhui Wang
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, CEA-CNRS-UVSQ, 91191, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- Sino-French Institute of Earth System Sciences, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
- Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, 75005, France
| | - Lila Warszawski
- Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research, Member of the Leibniz Association, 14473, Potsdam, Germany
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10
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler D Eddy
- Nereus Program, Baruch Institute for Marine & Coastal Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA.
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11
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Eddy TD, Cheung WWL, Bruno JF. Historical baselines of coral cover on tropical reefs as estimated by expert opinion. PeerJ 2018; 6:e4308. [PMID: 29379692 PMCID: PMC5786882 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.4308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Coral reefs are important habitats that represent global marine biodiversity hotspots and provide important benefits to people in many tropical regions. However, coral reefs are becoming increasingly threatened by climate change, overfishing, habitat destruction, and pollution. Historical baselines of coral cover are important to understand how much coral cover has been lost, e.g., to avoid the ‘shifting baseline syndrome’. There are few quantitative observations of coral reef cover prior to the industrial revolution, and therefore baselines of coral reef cover are difficult to estimate. Here, we use expert and ocean-user opinion surveys to estimate baselines of global coral reef cover. The overall mean estimated baseline coral cover was 59% (±19% standard deviation), compared to an average of 58% (±18% standard deviation) estimated by professional scientists. We did not find evidence of the shifting baseline syndrome, whereby respondents who first observed coral reefs more recently report lower estimates of baseline coral cover. These estimates of historical coral reef baseline cover are important for scientists, policy makers, and managers to understand the extent to which coral reefs have become depleted and to set appropriate recovery targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler D Eddy
- Nippon Foundation-Nereus Program, Institute for the Oceans & Fisheries, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - William W L Cheung
- Nippon Foundation-Nereus Program, Institute for the Oceans & Fisheries, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - John F Bruno
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States of America
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12
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Blanchard JL, Watson RA, Fulton EA, Cottrell RS, Nash KL, Bryndum-Buchholz A, Büchner M, Carozza DA, Cheung WWL, Elliott J, Davidson LNK, Dulvy NK, Dunne JP, Eddy TD, Galbraith E, Lotze HK, Maury O, Müller C, Tittensor DP, Jennings S. Linked sustainability challenges and trade-offs among fisheries, aquaculture and agriculture. Nat Ecol Evol 2017; 1:1240-1249. [PMID: 29046559 DOI: 10.1038/s41559-017-0258-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Fisheries and aquaculture make a crucial contribution to global food security, nutrition and livelihoods. However, the UN Sustainable Development Goals separate marine and terrestrial food production sectors and ecosystems. To sustainably meet increasing global demands for fish, the interlinkages among goals within and across fisheries, aquaculture and agriculture sectors must be recognized and addressed along with their changing nature. Here, we assess and highlight development challenges for fisheries-dependent countries based on analyses of interactions and trade-offs between goals focusing on food, biodiversity and climate change. We demonstrate that some countries are likely to face double jeopardies in both fisheries and agriculture sectors under climate change. The strategies to mitigate these risks will be context-dependent, and will need to directly address the trade-offs among Sustainable Development Goals, such as halting biodiversity loss and reducing poverty. Countries with low adaptive capacity but increasing demand for food require greater support and capacity building to transition towards reconciling trade-offs. Necessary actions are context-dependent and include effective governance, improved management and conservation, maximizing societal and environmental benefits from trade, increased equitability of distribution and innovation in food production, including continued development of low input and low impact aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia L Blanchard
- Institute for Marine & Antarctic Studies (IMAS), University of Tasmania, GPO Box 252-49, Hobart, TAS, 7001, Australia. .,Centre for Marine Socioecology, University of Tasmania, GPO Box 252-49, Hobart, TAS, 7001, Australia.
| | - Reg A Watson
- Institute for Marine & Antarctic Studies (IMAS), University of Tasmania, GPO Box 252-49, Hobart, TAS, 7001, Australia.,Centre for Marine Socioecology, University of Tasmania, GPO Box 252-49, Hobart, TAS, 7001, Australia
| | - Elizabeth A Fulton
- Centre for Marine Socioecology, University of Tasmania, GPO Box 252-49, Hobart, TAS, 7001, Australia.,CSIRO Oceans & Atmosphere, GPO Box 1538, Hobart, TAS, 7001, Australia
| | - Richard S Cottrell
- Institute for Marine & Antarctic Studies (IMAS), University of Tasmania, GPO Box 252-49, Hobart, TAS, 7001, Australia.,Centre for Marine Socioecology, University of Tasmania, GPO Box 252-49, Hobart, TAS, 7001, Australia
| | - Kirsty L Nash
- Institute for Marine & Antarctic Studies (IMAS), University of Tasmania, GPO Box 252-49, Hobart, TAS, 7001, Australia.,Centre for Marine Socioecology, University of Tasmania, GPO Box 252-49, Hobart, TAS, 7001, Australia
| | | | - Matthias Büchner
- Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research, Telegraphenberg A31, 14473, Potsdam, Germany
| | - David A Carozza
- Department of Mathematics, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - William W L Cheung
- Changing Ocean Research Unit, Institute for the Oceans and Fisheries, The University of British Columbia, AERL, 2202 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Joshua Elliott
- University of Chicago Computation Institute, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Lindsay N K Davidson
- Earth to Ocean Research Group, Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC, V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Nicholas K Dulvy
- Earth to Ocean Research Group, Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC, V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - John P Dunne
- National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration/Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory, Princeton, NJ, 08540, USA
| | - Tyler D Eddy
- Department of Biology, Dalhousie University, PO Box 15000, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada.,Changing Ocean Research Unit, Institute for the Oceans and Fisheries, The University of British Columbia, AERL, 2202 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Eric Galbraith
- Institut de Ciència i Tecnologia Ambientals (ICTA) and Department of Mathematics, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193, Spain.,ICREA, Pg. Lluís Companys 23, 08010, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Heike K Lotze
- Department of Biology, Dalhousie University, PO Box 15000, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Olivier Maury
- IRD, UMR 248 MARBEC, Av Jean Monnet CS 30171, 34203, SETE cedex, France
| | - Christoph Müller
- Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research, Telegraphenberg A31, 14473, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Derek P Tittensor
- United Nations Environment Programme World Conservation Monitoring Centre, 219 Huntingdon Road, Cambridge, CB3 0DL, UK
| | - Simon Jennings
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science, Lowestoft Laboratory, Lowestoft, NR33 0HT, UK.,School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK.,International Council for the Exploration of the Sea, H.C. Andersens Blvd 44-46, 1553, København V, Denmark
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Baker DGL, Eddy TD, McIver R, Schmidt AL, Thériault MH, Boudreau M, Courtenay SC, Lotze HK. Comparative analysis of different survey methods for monitoring fish assemblages in coastal habitats. PeerJ 2016; 4:e1832. [PMID: 27018396 PMCID: PMC4806602 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.1832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2016] [Accepted: 03/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Coastal ecosystems are among the most productive yet increasingly threatened marine ecosystems worldwide. Particularly vegetated habitats, such as eelgrass (Zostera marina) beds, play important roles in providing key spawning, nursery and foraging habitats for a wide range of fauna. To properly assess changes in coastal ecosystems and manage these critical habitats, it is essential to develop sound monitoring programs for foundation species and associated assemblages. Several survey methods exist, thus understanding how different methods perform is important for survey selection. We compared two common methods for surveying macrofaunal assemblages: beach seine netting and underwater visual census (UVC). We also tested whether assemblages in shallow nearshore habitats commonly sampled by beach seines are similar to those of nearby eelgrass beds often sampled by UVC. Among five estuaries along the Southern Gulf of St. Lawrence, Canada, our results suggest that the two survey methods yield comparable results for species richness, diversity and evenness, yet beach seines yield significantly higher abundance and different species composition. However, sampling nearshore assemblages does not represent those in eelgrass beds despite considerable overlap and close proximity. These results have important implications for how and where macrofaunal assemblages are monitored in coastal ecosystems. Ideally, multiple survey methods and locations should be combined to complement each other in assessing the entire assemblage and full range of changes in coastal ecosystems, thereby better informing coastal zone management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duncan G L Baker
- Department of Biology, Dalhousie University , Halifax, Nova Scotia , Canada
| | - Tyler D Eddy
- Department of Biology, Dalhousie University , Halifax, Nova Scotia , Canada
| | - Reba McIver
- Department of Biology, Dalhousie University , Halifax, Nova Scotia , Canada
| | - Allison L Schmidt
- Department of Biology, Dalhousie University , Halifax, Nova Scotia , Canada
| | | | - Monica Boudreau
- Fisheries and Oceans, Gulf Fisheries Centre , Moncton, New Brunswick , Canada
| | - Simon C Courtenay
- Fisheries and Oceans, Gulf Fisheries Centre, Moncton, New Brunswick, Canada; University of Waterloo, Canadian Rivers Institute, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Heike K Lotze
- Department of Biology, Dalhousie University , Halifax, Nova Scotia , Canada
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Cornwall CE, Eddy TD. Effects of near-future ocean acidification, fishing, and marine protection on a temperate coastal ecosystem. Conserv Biol 2015; 29:207-215. [PMID: 25354555 DOI: 10.1111/cobi.12394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2013] [Accepted: 06/30/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Understanding ecosystem responses to global and local anthropogenic impacts is paramount to predicting future ecosystem states. We used an ecosystem modeling approach to investigate the independent and cumulative effects of fishing, marine protection, and ocean acidification on a coastal ecosystem. To quantify the effects of ocean acidification at the ecosystem level, we used information from the peer-reviewed literature on the effects of ocean acidification. Using an Ecopath with Ecosim ecosystem model for the Wellington south coast, including the Taputeranga Marine Reserve (MR), New Zealand, we predicted ecosystem responses under 4 scenarios: ocean acidification + fishing; ocean acidification + MR (no fishing); no ocean acidification + fishing; no ocean acidification + MR for the year 2050. Fishing had a larger effect on trophic group biomasses and trophic structure than ocean acidification, whereas the effects of ocean acidification were only large in the absence of fishing. Mortality by fishing had large, negative effects on trophic group biomasses. These effects were similar regardless of the presence of ocean acidification. Ocean acidification was predicted to indirectly benefit certain species in the MR scenario. This was because lobster (Jasus edwardsii) only recovered to 58% of the MR biomass in the ocean acidification + MR scenario, a situation that benefited the trophic groups lobsters prey on. Most trophic groups responded antagonistically to the interactive effects of ocean acidification and marine protection (46%; reduced response); however, many groups responded synergistically (33%; amplified response). Conservation and fisheries management strategies need to account for the reduced recovery potential of some exploited species under ocean acidification, nonadditive interactions of multiple factors, and indirect responses of species to ocean acidification caused by declines in calcareous predators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher E Cornwall
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 129, Hobart, TAS, 7001, Australia.
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Eddy TD, Pande A, Gardner JP. Massive differential site-specific and species-specific responses of temperate reef fishes to marine reserve protection. Glob Ecol Conserv 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gecco.2014.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Eddy TD, Gardner JPA, Pérez-Matus A. Applying Fishers' ecological knowledge to construct past and future lobster stocks in the Juan Fernández Archipelago, Chile. PLoS One 2010; 5:e13670. [PMID: 21079761 PMCID: PMC2974625 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0013670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2010] [Accepted: 10/08/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Over-exploited fisheries are a common feature of the modern world and a range of solutions including area closures (marine reserves; MRs), effort reduction, gear changes, ecosystem-based management, incentives and co-management have been suggested as techniques to rebuild over-fished populations. Historic accounts of lobster (Jasus frontalis) on the Chilean Juan Fernández Archipelago indicate a high abundance at all depths (intertidal to approximately 165 m), but presently lobsters are found almost exclusively in deeper regions of their natural distribution. Fishers' ecological knowledge (FEK) tells a story of serial depletion in lobster abundance at fishing grounds located closest to the fishing port with an associated decline in catch per unit effort (CPUE) throughout recent history. We have re-constructed baselines of lobster biomass throughout human history on the archipelago using historic data, the fishery catch record and FEK to permit examination of the potential effects of MRs, effort reduction and co-management (stewardship of catch) to restore stocks. We employed a bioeconomic model using FEK, fishery catch and effort data, underwater survey information, predicted population growth and response to MR protection (no-take) to explore different management strategies and their trade-offs to restore stocks and improve catches. Our findings indicate that increased stewardship of catch coupled with 30% area closure (MR) provides the best option to reconstruct historic baselines. Based on model predictions, continued exploitation under the current management scheme is highly influenced by annual fluctuations and unsustainable. We propose a community-based co-management program to implement a MR in order to rebuild the lobster population while also providing conservation protection for marine species endemic to the Archipelago.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler D Eddy
- School of Biological Sciences, Centre for Marine Environmental and Economic Research, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand.
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Fast MD, Johnson SC, Eddy TD, Pinto D, Ross NW. Lepeophtheirus salmonis secretory/excretory products and their effects on Atlantic salmon immune gene regulation. Parasite Immunol 2007; 29:179-89. [PMID: 17371455 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3024.2007.00932.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We have previously shown that Lepeophtheirus salmonis produces trypsin and prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)) that are most likely responsible for the limited inflammatory response of Atlantic salmon to infection. After removal of the dopamine and PGE(2), the immunomodulatory activity of unfractionated and pools of the fractionated secretions was determined by examining the effects of the secretions on Atlantic salmon immune gene expression. Incubation of macrophage-enriched isolates of Atlantic salmon head kidney cells with the unfractionated secretion + PGE(2) revealed a significant inhibition of interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) and major histocompatibility class I gene expression. Inhibition of lipopolysaccharide-induced IL-1beta expression in the Atlantic salmon head kidney cell line (SHK-1) was observed when three pools of the secretory/excretory products were tested. Further purification of products within these pools revealed that fraction 1-2 could account fully for the inhibition of IL-1beta expression in SHK-1 cells observed in pooled fraction 1. This study demonstrates that there are other immunomodulatory compounds produced by L. salmonis, in addition to PGE(2) and trypsin, that can inhibit the expression of Atlantic salmon immune-related genes in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- M D Fast
- Institute for Marine Biosciences, National Research Council, Halifax, NS, Canada.
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