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Chen CH, Shoamanesh A, Colorado P, Saad F, Lemmens R, De Marchis GM, Caso V, Xu L, Heenan L, Masjuan J, Christensen H, Connolly SJ, Khatri P, Mundl H, Hart RG, Smith EE. Hemorrhagic Transformation in Noncardioembolic Acute Ischemic Stroke: MRI Analysis From PACIFIC-STROKE. Stroke 2024. [PMID: 38690666 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.123.045204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the phase 2 PACIFIC-STROKE trial (Proper Dosing and Safety of the Oral FXIa Inhibitor BAY 2433334 in Patients Following Acute Noncardioembolic Stroke), asundexian, an oral factor XIa inhibitor, did not increase the risk of hemorrhagic transformation (HT). In this secondary analysis, we aimed to investigate the frequency, types, and risk factors of HT on brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). METHODS This was a secondary analysis of the PACIFIC-STROKE trial. Patients with mild-to-moderate acute noncardioembolic ischemic stroke were randomly assigned to asundexian or placebo plus guideline-based antiplatelet therapy. Brain MRIs were required at baseline (≤120 hours after stroke onset) and at 26 weeks or end-of-study. HT was defined using the Heidelberg classification and classified as early HT (identified on baseline MRI) or late HT (new HT by 26 weeks) based on iron-sensitive sequences. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to test factors that are associated with early HT and late HT, respectively. RESULTS Of 1745 patients with adequate baseline brain MRI (mean age, 67 years; mean National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score, 2.8), early HT at baseline was detected in 497 (28.4%). Most were hemorrhagic infarctions (hemorrhagic infarction type 1: 15.2%; HI2: 12.7%) while a few were parenchymal hematomas (parenchymal hematoma type 1: 0.4%; parenchymal hematoma type 2: 0.2%). Early HT was more frequent with longer symptom onset-to-MRI interval. Male sex, diabetes, higher National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale large (>15 mm) infarct size, cortical involvement by infarct, higher number of acute infarcts, presence of chronic brain infarct, cerebral microbleed, and chronic cortical superficial siderosis were independently associated with early HT in the multivariable logistic regression model. Of 1507 with follow-up MRI, HT was seen in 642 (42.6%) overall, including 361 patients (23.9%) with late HT (new HT: 306; increased grade of baseline HT: 55). Higher National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale, large infarct size, cortical involvement of infarct, and higher number of acute infarcts predicted late HT. CONCLUSIONS About 28% of patients with noncardioembolic stroke had early HT, and 24% had late HT detectable by MRI. Given the high frequency of HT on MRI, more research is needed on how it influences treatment decisions and outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Hao Chen
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, Canada (C.-H.C., F.S., E.E.S.)
- Department of Neurology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei (C.-H.C.)
| | - Ashkan Shoamanesh
- Department of Medicine (Neurology), Population Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada. (A.S., R.G.H.)
| | | | - Feryal Saad
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, Canada (C.-H.C., F.S., E.E.S.)
| | - Robin Lemmens
- Department of Neurology, University Hospitals Leuven, Belgium (R.L.)
| | - Gian Marco De Marchis
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, University Hospital of Basel and University of Basel, Switzerland (G.M.D.M.)
- Neurology Department and Stroke Center, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, Switzerland (G.M.D.M.)
| | - Valeria Caso
- Stroke Unit, Santa Maria della Misericordia Hospital, University of Perugia, Italy (V.C.)
| | - Lizhen Xu
- Department of Statistics, Population Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (L.X., L.H.)
| | - Laura Heenan
- Department of Statistics, Population Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (L.X., L.H.)
| | - Jaime Masjuan
- Neurology Department, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain (J.M.)
| | - Hanne Christensen
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Copenhagen, Bispebjerg, Denmark (H.C.)
| | - Stuart J Connolly
- Department of Medicine, Population Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada. (S.J.C.)
| | - Pooja Khatri
- Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Cincinnati, OH (P.K.)
| | - Hardi Mundl
- Bayer AG, TA Thrombosis and Vascular Medicine, Wuppertal, Germany (H.M.)
| | - Robert G Hart
- Department of Medicine (Neurology), Population Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada. (A.S., R.G.H.)
| | - Eric E Smith
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, Canada (C.-H.C., F.S., E.E.S.)
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Seiffge DJ, Cancelloni V, Räber L, Paciaroni M, Metzner A, Kirchhof P, Fischer U, Werring DJ, Shoamanesh A, Caso V. Secondary stroke prevention in people with atrial fibrillation: treatments and trials. Lancet Neurol 2024; 23:404-417. [PMID: 38508836 DOI: 10.1016/s1474-4422(24)00037-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Atrial fibrillation is one of the most common cardiac arrhythmias and is a major cause of ischaemic stroke. Recent findings indicate the importance of atrial fibrillation burden (device-detected, subclinical, or paroxysmal and persistent or permanent) and whether atrial fibrillation was known before stroke onset or diagnosed after stroke for the risk of recurrence. Secondary prevention in patients with atrial fibrillation and stroke aims to reduce the risk of recurrent ischaemic stroke. Findings from randomised controlled trials assessing the optimal timing to introduce direct oral anticoagulant therapy after a stroke show that early start (ie, within 48 h for minor to moderate strokes and within 4-5 days for large strokes) seems safe and could reduce the risk of early recurrence. Other promising developments regarding early rhythm control, left atrial appendage occlusion, and novel factor XI inhibitor oral anticoagulants suggest that these therapies have the potential to further reduce the risk of stroke. Secondary prevention strategies in patients with atrial fibrillation who have a stroke despite oral anticoagulation therapy is an unmet medical need. Research advances suggest a heterogeneous spectrum of causes, and ongoing trials are investigating new approaches for secondary prevention in this vulnerable patient group. In patients with atrial fibrillation and a history of intracerebral haemorrhage, the latest data from randomised controlled trials on stroke prevention shows that oral anticoagulation reduces the risk of ischaemic stroke but more data are needed to define the safety profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Seiffge
- Department of Neurology, Inselspital University Hospital Bern and University of Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Virginia Cancelloni
- Stroke Unit, Santa Maria della Misericordia Hospital, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Lorenz Räber
- Department of Cardiology, Inselspital University Hospital Bern and University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - Maurizio Paciaroni
- Stroke Unit, Santa Maria della Misericordia Hospital, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Andreas Metzner
- Department of Cardiology, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg, University Center Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; German Center for Cardiovascular Research, partner site Hamburg, Kiel, and Lübeck, Germany
| | - Paulus Kirchhof
- Department of Cardiology, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg, University Center Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; German Center for Cardiovascular Research, partner site Hamburg, Kiel, and Lübeck, Germany; Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Urs Fischer
- Department of Neurology, Inselspital University Hospital Bern and University of Bern, Switzerland; Department of Neurology, University Hospital Basel, Switzerland
| | - David J Werring
- Stroke Research Centre, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Ashkan Shoamanesh
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Population Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Valeria Caso
- Stroke Unit, Santa Maria della Misericordia Hospital, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
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Linz D, Andrade JG, Arbelo E, Boriani G, Breithardt G, Camm AJ, Caso V, Nielsen JC, De Melis M, De Potter T, Dichtl W, Diederichsen SZ, Dobrev D, Doll N, Duncker D, Dworatzek E, Eckardt L, Eisert C, Fabritz L, Farkowski M, Filgueiras-Rama D, Goette A, Guasch E, Hack G, Hatem S, Haeusler KG, Healey JS, Heidbuechel H, Hijazi Z, Hofmeister LH, Hove-Madsen L, Huebner T, Kääb S, Kotecha D, Malaczynska-Rajpold K, Merino JL, Metzner A, Mont L, Ng GA, Oeff M, Parwani AS, Puererfellner H, Ravens U, Rienstra M, Sanders P, Scherr D, Schnabel R, Schotten U, Sohns C, Steinbeck G, Steven D, Toennis T, Tzeis S, van Gelder IC, van Leerdam RH, Vernooy K, Wadhwa M, Wakili R, Willems S, Witt H, Zeemering S, Kirchhof P. Longer and better lives for patients with atrial fibrillation: the 9th AFNET/EHRA consensus conference. Europace 2024; 26:euae070. [PMID: 38591838 PMCID: PMC11003300 DOI: 10.1093/europace/euae070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
AIMS Recent trial data demonstrate beneficial effects of active rhythm management in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) and support the concept that a low arrhythmia burden is associated with a low risk of AF-related complications. The aim of this document is to summarize the key outcomes of the 9th AFNET/EHRA Consensus Conference of the Atrial Fibrillation NETwork (AFNET) and the European Heart Rhythm Association (EHRA). METHODS AND RESULTS Eighty-three international experts met in Münster for 2 days in September 2023. Key findings are as follows: (i) Active rhythm management should be part of the default initial treatment for all suitable patients with AF. (ii) Patients with device-detected AF have a low burden of AF and a low risk of stroke. Anticoagulation prevents some strokes and also increases major but non-lethal bleeding. (iii) More research is needed to improve stroke risk prediction in patients with AF, especially in those with a low AF burden. Biomolecules, genetics, and imaging can support this. (iv) The presence of AF should trigger systematic workup and comprehensive treatment of concomitant cardiovascular conditions. (v) Machine learning algorithms have been used to improve detection or likely development of AF. Cooperation between clinicians and data scientists is needed to leverage the potential of data science applications for patients with AF. CONCLUSIONS Patients with AF and a low arrhythmia burden have a lower risk of stroke and other cardiovascular events than those with a high arrhythmia burden. Combining active rhythm control, anticoagulation, rate control, and therapy of concomitant cardiovascular conditions can improve the lives of patients with AF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Linz
- Department of Cardiology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jason G Andrade
- Division of Cardiology, Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, Canada
- Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, Canada
| | - Elena Arbelo
- Institut Clínic Cardiovascular, Hospital Clinic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Institut d’Investigació August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain
- European Reference Network for Rare, Low Prevalence and Complex Diseases of the Heart—ERN GUARD-Heart
| | - Giuseppe Boriani
- Cardiology Division, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Polyclinic of Modena, Modena, Italy
| | - Guenter Breithardt
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University Hospital, Münster, Germany
- Atrial Fibrillation NETwork (AFNET), Muenster, Germany
| | - A John Camm
- Cardiology Clinical Academic Group, Molecular and Clinical Sciences Institute, St. George's University of London, London, UK
| | - Valeria Caso
- Stroke Unit, Santa Maria della Misericordia Hospital, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Jens Cosedis Nielsen
- Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital and Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | | | - Wolfgang Dichtl
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Cardiology and Angiology, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | | | - Dobromir Dobrev
- Institute of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Nicolas Doll
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Schüchtermann-Klinik, Bad Rothenfelde, Germany
| | - David Duncker
- Hannover Heart Rhythm Center, Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Lars Eckardt
- Atrial Fibrillation NETwork (AFNET), Muenster, Germany
- Department of Cardiology II—Electrophysiology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | | | - Larissa Fabritz
- Atrial Fibrillation NETwork (AFNET), Muenster, Germany
- University Center of Cardiovascular Science, UHZ, UKE, Hamburg, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site: Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK
| | - Michal Farkowski
- Department of Cardiology, Ministry of Interior and Administration, National Medical Institute, Warsaw, Poland
| | - David Filgueiras-Rama
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Novel Arrhythmogenic Mechanisms Program, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), Cardiovascular Institute, C/ Profesor Martín Lagos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Andreas Goette
- Atrial Fibrillation NETwork (AFNET), Muenster, Germany
- Department of Cardiology and Intensive Care Medicine, St Vincenz-Hospital Paderborn, Paderborn, Germany
| | - Eduard Guasch
- Institut d’Investigació August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain
- Clinic Barcelona, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Guido Hack
- Bristol-Myers Squibb GmbH & Co. KGaA, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Karl Georg Haeusler
- Atrial Fibrillation NETwork (AFNET), Muenster, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Universitätsklinikum Würzburg (UKW), Würzburg, Germany
| | - Jeff S Healey
- Division of Cardiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hein Heidbuechel
- Antwerp University Hospital, Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Ziad Hijazi
- Antwerp University Hospital, Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- Department of Medical Sciences, Cardiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Uppsala Clinical Research Center, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | - Leif Hove-Madsen
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain
- Biomedical Research Institute Barcelona (IIBB-CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
- IR Sant Pau, Hospital de Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Stefan Kääb
- European Reference Network for Rare, Low Prevalence and Complex Diseases of the Heart—ERN GUARD-Heart
- Department of Medicine I, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Munich, Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Dipak Kotecha
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK
- NIHR Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Katarzyna Malaczynska-Rajpold
- Lister Hospital, East and North Hertfordshire NHS Trust, Stevenage, UK
- Royal Brompton Hospital, Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - José Luis Merino
- La Paz University Hospital, IdiPaz, Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Andreas Metzner
- Department of Cardiology, University Heart & Vascular Center Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Lluís Mont
- Institut Clínic Cardiovascular, Hospital Clinic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Institut d’Investigació August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ghulam Andre Ng
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
- NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Leicester, UK
| | - Michael Oeff
- Atrial Fibrillation NETwork (AFNET), Muenster, Germany
- Cardiology Department, Medizinische Hochschule Brandenburg, Brandenburg/Havel, Germany
| | - Abdul Shokor Parwani
- Department of Cardiology, Deutsches Herzzentrum der Charité (CVK), Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Ursula Ravens
- Atrial Fibrillation NETwork (AFNET), Muenster, Germany
- Institute of Experimental Cardiovascular Medicine, University Clinic Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Michiel Rienstra
- University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Prashanthan Sanders
- Centre for Heart Rhythm Disorders, University of Adelaide and Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Daniel Scherr
- Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Renate Schnabel
- Atrial Fibrillation NETwork (AFNET), Muenster, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site: Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Cardiology, University Heart & Vascular Center Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ulrich Schotten
- Atrial Fibrillation NETwork (AFNET), Muenster, Germany
- Departments of Physiology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Christian Sohns
- Herz- und Diabeteszentrum Nordrhein-Westfalen, Universitätsklinik der Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Klinik für Elektrophysiologie—Rhythmologie, Bad Oeynhausen, Germany
| | - Gerhard Steinbeck
- Atrial Fibrillation NETwork (AFNET), Muenster, Germany
- Center for Cardiology at Clinic Starnberg, Starnberg, Germany
| | - Daniel Steven
- Atrial Fibrillation NETwork (AFNET), Muenster, Germany
- Heart Center, Department of Electrophysiology, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Tobias Toennis
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site: Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Cardiology, University Heart & Vascular Center Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Isabelle C van Gelder
- University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Kevin Vernooy
- Department of Cardiology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Manish Wadhwa
- Medical Office, Philips Ambulatory Monitoring and Diagnostics, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Reza Wakili
- Atrial Fibrillation NETwork (AFNET), Muenster, Germany
- Department of Medicine and Cardiology, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine-Main, Germany
| | - Stephan Willems
- Atrial Fibrillation NETwork (AFNET), Muenster, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site: Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany
- Asklepios Hospital St. Georg, Department of Cardiology and Internal Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University Campus, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Stef Zeemering
- Departments of Physiology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Paulus Kirchhof
- Atrial Fibrillation NETwork (AFNET), Muenster, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site: Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK
- Department of Cardiology, University Heart & Vascular Center Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, Hamburg, Germany
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Nahas NE, Shokri H, Roushdy T, Dawood N, Zaki A, Farhoudi M, Hokmabadi ES, Al Hashmi A, Brola W, Kosno K, Falup-Pecurariu C, Ciopleias B, Montaner J, Pérez-Sánchez S, Mittal M, Dowd K, Banke A, Vigilante N, Siegler J, Ozdemir AO, Aykac O, Kocabas ZU, Melgarejo D, Cardozo A, Peralta L, Aref H, Caso V. Do stroke services still show sex differences? A multicenter study. Neurol Sci 2024; 45:1097-1108. [PMID: 37718349 PMCID: PMC10858087 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-023-07026-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The issue of sex differences in stroke has gained concern in the past few years. However, multicenter studies are still required in this field. This study explores sex variation in a large number of patients and compares stroke characteristics among women in different age groups and across different countries. METHODS This multicenter retrospective cross-sectional study aimed to compare sexes regarding risk factors, stroke severity, quality of services, and stroke outcome. Moreover, conventional risk factors in women according to age groups and among different countries were studied. RESULTS Eighteen thousand six hundred fifty-nine patients from 9 countries spanning 4 continents were studied. The number of women was significantly lower than men, with older age, more prevalence of AF, hypertension, and dyslipidemia. Ischemic stroke was more severe in women, with worse outcomes among women (p: < 0.0001), although the time to treatment was shorter. Bridging that was more frequent in women (p:0.002). Analyzing only women: ischemic stroke was more frequent among the older, while hemorrhage and TIA prevailed in the younger and stroke of undetermined etiology. Comparison between countries showed differences in age, risk factors, type of stroke, and management. CONCLUSION We observed sex differences in risk factors, stroke severity, and outcome in our population. However, access to revascularization was in favor of women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nevine El Nahas
- Neurology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hossam Shokri
- Neurology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Tamer Roushdy
- Neurology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Noha Dawood
- Neurology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Amr Zaki
- Neurology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mehdi Farhoudi
- Neurosciences Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Amal Al Hashmi
- Central Stroke Unit, Neuroscience Directorate, Khoula Hospital, Muscat, Oman
| | - Waldemar Brola
- Department of Neurology, Specialist Hospital Konskie, Collegium Medicum, Jan Kochanowski University, Kielce, Poland
| | - Krystian Kosno
- Department of Neurology, Specialist Hospital, Konskie, Poland
| | - Cristian Falup-Pecurariu
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, University Transilvania, Brasov, Romania
- Department of Neurology, County Clinic Hospital, Brasov, Romania
| | - Bogdan Ciopleias
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, University Transilvania, Brasov, Romania
- Department of Neurology, County Clinic Hospital, Brasov, Romania
| | - Joan Montaner
- Neurovascular Research Group, Biomedicine Institute of Seville, IBiS/Hospital Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/University of Seville, Seville, Spain
- Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena, Seville, Spain
| | - Soledad Pérez-Sánchez
- Neurovascular Research Group, Biomedicine Institute of Seville, IBiS/Hospital Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/University of Seville, Seville, Spain
- Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena, Seville, Spain
| | - Manoj Mittal
- Stroke and Neurocritical Care, Sutter Medical Center, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Kandis Dowd
- Stroke and Neurocritical Care, Sutter Medical Center, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Annie Banke
- Stroke and Neurocritical Care, Sutter Medical Center, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Nicholas Vigilante
- Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Camden, NJ, USA
- Cooper Neurological Institute, Cooper University Hospital, Camden, NJ, USA
| | - James Siegler
- Cooper Neurological Institute, Cooper University Hospital, Camden, NJ, USA
| | | | - Ozlem Aykac
- Faculty of Medicine, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, Turkey
| | | | - Donoband Melgarejo
- Stroke Unit, Instituto de Previsión Social Central Hospital, Asunción, Paraguay
| | - Analia Cardozo
- Stroke Unit, Instituto de Previsión Social Central Hospital, Asunción, Paraguay
| | - Lorena Peralta
- Stroke Unit, Instituto de Previsión Social Central Hospital, Asunción, Paraguay
| | - Hany Aref
- Neurology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Valeria Caso
- Stroke Unit, Santa Maria Della Misericordia Hospital, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
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5
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Heffernan M, Woodward M, De Silva DA, Chen C, Anderson CS, Kremer C, Harris K, Sandset EC, Ferretti MT, Caso V, Carcel C. Sex and gender publications in brain health: a mapping review of the Asia-Pacific region. Cerebrovasc Dis 2024:000537946. [PMID: 38402856 DOI: 10.1159/000537946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Reporting of sex and gender analysis in medical research has been shown to improve quality of the science and ensures findings are applicable to women and men. There is conflicting evidence on whether efforts by funding agencies and medical journals to encourage reporting of sex and gender analysis has resulted in tangible improvements. This study mapped the inclusion of sex and gender analysis in stroke and dementia research conducted in the Asia-Pacific region. METHODS A systematic search for Asia-Pacific stroke and dementia research was conducted in PubMed and papers included from the period 2012 to 2022. Eligible studies were reviewed for inclusion of a primary sex or gender focus and categorized by type of sex and gender analysis. Author gender was determined using an algorithm and its associations with inclusion of sex and gender analysis examined. RESULTS Total Asia-Pacific publications increased from 109 in 2012 to 313 in 2022, but the rate of studies with a primary sex or gender focus did not increase significantly (R2 = 0.06, F(1,9) = 0.59, p = 0.46). Australia, China, India, Japan and South Korea produced the most publications over the study period and were the only countries with at least 50 publications. The impact of author gender was mixed, with female first authorship associated with inclusion of sex or gender analysis and last female authorship associated with studies having a primary sex or gender focus. CONCLUSIONS In the Asia-Pacific, brain health research is currently centered around high income countries and efforts are needed to ensure research findings are applicable through out the region. While there was a general increase in brain health publications over the last decade, the rate of sex and gender analysis was unchanged. This demonstrates that even with efforts in some countries in place, there is currently a lack of progress in the Asia-Pacific region to produce more research focusing on sex and gender analysis.
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Eikelboom JW, Mundl H, Alexander JH, Caso V, Connolly SJ, Coppolecchia R, Gebel M, Hart RG, Holberg G, Keller L, Patel MR, Piccini JP, Rao SV, Shoamanesh A, Tamm M, Viethen T, Yassen A, Bonaca MP. Bleeding Outcomes in Patients Treated With Asundexian in Phase II Trials. J Am Coll Cardiol 2024; 83:669-678. [PMID: 38325992 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2023.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Phase II trials of asundexian were underpowered to detect important differences in bleeding. OBJECTIVES The goal of this study was to obtain best estimates of effects of asundexian vs active control/placebo on major and clinically relevant nonmajor (CRNM) and all bleeding, describe most common sites of bleeding, and explore association between asundexian exposure and bleeding. METHODS We performed a pooled analysis of 3 phase II trials of asundexian in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF), recent acute myocardial infarction (AMI), or stroke. Bleeding was defined according to the International Society on Thrombosis and Hemostasis (ISTH) criteria. RESULTS In patients with AF (n = 755), both asundexian 20 mg and 50 mg once daily vs apixaban had fewer major/CRNM events (3 of 249; incidence rate [IR] per 100 patient-years 5.47 vs 1 of 254 [IR: not calculable] vs 6 of 250 [IR: 11.10]) and all bleeding (12 of 249 [IR: 22.26] vs 10 of 254 [IR: 18.21] vs 26 of 250 [IR: 50.56]). In patients with recent AMI or stroke (n = 3,409), asundexian 10 mg, 20 mg, and 50 mg once daily compared with placebo had similar rates of major/CRNM events (44 of 840 [IR: 7.55] vs 42 of 843 [IR: 7.04] vs 56 of 845 [IR: 9.63] vs 41 of 851 [IR: 6.99]) and all bleeding (107 of 840 [IR: 19.57] vs 123 of 843 [IR: 22.45] vs 130 of 845 [IR: 24.19] vs 129 of 851 [IR: 23.84]). Most common sites of major/CRNM bleeding with asundexian were gastrointestinal, respiratory, urogenital, and skin. There was no significant association between asundexian exposure and major/CRNM bleeding. CONCLUSIONS Analyses of phase II trials involving >500 bleeds highlight the potential for improved safety of asundexian compared with apixaban and similar safety compared with placebo. Further evidence on the efficacy of asundexian awaits the results of ongoing phase III trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- John W Eikelboom
- Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
| | | | - John H Alexander
- Duke Clinical Research Institute and Division of Cardiology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Valeria Caso
- Santa Maria della Misericordia Hospital, University of Perugia Stroke Unit, Perugia, Italy
| | - Stuart J Connolly
- Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | | | | | - Robert G Hart
- Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | | | | | - Manesh R Patel
- Duke Clinical Research Institute and Division of Cardiology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Jonathan P Piccini
- Duke Clinical Research Institute and Division of Cardiology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Sunil V Rao
- New York University Langone Health System, New York, New York, USA
| | - Ashkan Shoamanesh
- Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | | | | | | | - Marc P Bonaca
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
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Smith EE, Shoamanesh A, Xu L, Heenan L, Saad F, Colorado P, Chen CH, Lemmens R, De Marchis GM, Caso V, Masjuan J, Hirano T, Milanov I, Campbell BCV, Mas JL, Connolly SJ, Mundl H, Hart RG. Effect of the Factor XIa Inhibitor Asundexian According to Baseline Infarct Pattern and on MRI Covert Infarct Outcomes. Stroke 2024; 55:392-402. [PMID: 38174569 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.123.043198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exploratory analysis of the phase 2 PACIFIC-Stroke (Program of Anticoagulation via Inhibition of FXIa by the Oral Compound BAY 2433334-Non-Cardioembolic Stroke) randomized trial suggested that asundexian, an oral factor XIa inhibitor, prevents recurrent stroke and transient ischemic attacks in patients with atherosclerotic stroke. In this post hoc exploratory analysis, we hypothesized that asundexian would be more effective in patients enrolled with large, multiple, or cortical acute infarcts on magnetic resonance imaging than in patients enrolled with a single small subcortical acute infarct, and asundexian would prevent incident cortical covert infarcts. METHODS In this placebo-controlled double-blinded randomized controlled trial, patients with mild-to-moderate noncardioembolic ischemic stroke were assigned to asundexian (10, 20, or 50 mg once daily) or placebo, in addition to antiplatelet therapy. Brain magnetic resonance imagings were required within 72 hours of randomization and repeated at 26 weeks or at discontinuation of the study drug. RESULTS Of 1808 randomized patients, 1780 (98.5%) had interpretable baseline magnetic resonance imagings, of which 1628 (91.5%) had ≥1 diffusion-weighted imaging positive acute infarcts. Magnetic resonance imaging follow-up was obtained in 1439 patients, of whom 1358 had no symptomatic stroke during the trial period. Compared with placebo, asundexian 50 mg daily conferred a trend toward reduced risk of recurrent ischemic stroke or incident covert infarcts (hazard ratio, 0.71 [95% CI, 0.45-1.11]) and recurrent ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack (secondary outcome; hazard ratio, 0.59 [95% CI, 0.33-1.06]) that was not evident in patients with single small subcortical infarcts (hazard ratios, 1.14 [95% CI, 0.62-2.10] and 0.93 [95% CI, 0.28-3.06]). Incident cortical covert infarcts were reduced in patients taking asundexian 50 mg, but the difference was not statistically significant (crude incidence ratio, 0.56 [95% CI, 0.28-1.12]). CONCLUSIONS These exploratory, unconfirmed results suggest that asundexian may prevent new embolic infarcts but not small artery occlusion. The hypothesis that subtypes of covert brain infarcts respond differently to anticoagulant prevention should be tested in future trials. REGISTRATION URL: https://clinicaltrials.gov; Unique identifier: NCT04304508.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric E Smith
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, AB, Canada (E.E.S., S.F.)
| | - Ashkan Shoamanesh
- Department of Medicine (Neurology), Population Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada (A.S., X.L., T.H., S.J.C., R.G.H.)
| | - Lizhen Xu
- Department of Medicine (Neurology), Population Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada (A.S., X.L., T.H., S.J.C., R.G.H.)
| | - Laura Heenan
- Department of Statistics, Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, ON, Canada (L.H.)
| | - Feryal Saad
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, AB, Canada (E.E.S., S.F.)
| | | | - Chih-Hao Chen
- Department of Neurology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei (C.-H.C.)
| | - Robin Lemmens
- Department of Neurosciences, Experimental Neurology, KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Belgium (R.L.)
- Department of Neurology, University Hospitals Leuven, Belgium (R.L.)
| | - Gian Marco De Marchis
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Switzerland (G.M.D.M.)
- Neurology Clinic and Stroke Center, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, Switzerland (G.M.D.M.)
| | - Valeria Caso
- Department of Vascular and Emergency, Stroke Unit, Santa Maria de Misericordia Hospital, University of Perugia, Italy (V.C.)
| | - Jaime Masjuan
- Stroke Unit, Department of Neurology, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain (J.M.)
- Department of Medicine, Universidad de Alcalá, Madrid, Spain (J.M.)
| | - Teruyuki Hirano
- Department of Medicine (Neurology), Population Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada (A.S., X.L., T.H., S.J.C., R.G.H.)
- Department of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyorin University, Tokyo, Japan (T.H.)
| | - Ivan Milanov
- Department of Neurology, Medical University, University Hospital for Neurology and Psychiatry Sveti Naum, Sofia, Bulgaria (I.M.)
| | - Bruce C V Campbell
- Department of Medicine and Neurology, Melbourne Brain Centre at the Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia (B.C.V.C.)
| | - Jean-Louis Mas
- Department of Neurology, Groupe Hospitalo-Universitaire Paris, Hôpital Sainte-Anne, Université Paris-Cité, Inserm U1266, France (J.-L.M.)
| | - Stuart J Connolly
- Department of Medicine (Neurology), Population Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada (A.S., X.L., T.H., S.J.C., R.G.H.)
| | | | - Robert G Hart
- Department of Medicine (Neurology), Population Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada (A.S., X.L., T.H., S.J.C., R.G.H.)
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Conte A, De Stefano N, Nicoletti A, Caso V, Mancuso M, Berardelli A, Defazio G. Neurological research in Italy from 2020 to 2023. Neurol Sci 2024; 45:741-744. [PMID: 37857942 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-023-07131-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To assess the state of neurological scientific research in Italy in the time interval 2020-2023. METHODS Elsevier's modular integrated platform "SciVal" was used to analyze bibliometric research products starting from scientific production data uploaded onto Scopus. We considered the research area "Neurology" in the 01/01/2020-14/06/2023 time interval, and the following variables were extracted: number of published studies, number of citations, Field-Weighted Citation Impact, and percentage of international collaborations. The contribution of Italian scientists to the neurological research was compared to that of the other nations. RESULTS Research identified 90,633 scientific papers in the neurological area worldwide, with a total of 472,750 citations. The products assigned to Italian groups were 6670 (53,587 citations, Field-Weighted Citation Impact 1.68, 41% international collaborations). CONCLUSIONS According to the present study, Italian neurological research 2020 to 2023 ranks fifth globally and third in Europe.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Conte
- Department of Human Neurosciences, Sapienza, University of Rome, Viale dell'Università, 30, 00185, Rome, Italy
- IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, IS, Italy
| | - N De Stefano
- Department of Medicine Surgery and Neuroscience, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - A Nicoletti
- Department of Medical, Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies "G.F. Ingrassia", University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia 78, 95123, Catania, Italy
| | - V Caso
- Stroke Unit, Department of Emergency and Vascular Medicine Santa Maria Della Misericordia Hospital, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - M Mancuso
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Neurological Institute, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Alfredo Berardelli
- Department of Human Neurosciences, Sapienza, University of Rome, Viale dell'Università, 30, 00185, Rome, Italy.
- IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, IS, Italy.
| | - G Defazio
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
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Pierini P, Novelli A, Bossi F, Corinaldesi R, Paciaroni M, Mosconi MG, Alberti A, Venti M, de Magistris IL, Caso V. Medical versus neurosurgical treatment in ICH patients: a single center experience. Neurol Sci 2024; 45:223-229. [PMID: 37578629 PMCID: PMC10761447 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-023-07015-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The effect of surgical treatment for spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) remains uncertain. We conducted an observational retrospective cohort study on supra-centimeter spontaneous ICH treated with either neurosurgical or conservative management. The baseline demographics and risk factors were correlated with in-hospital mortality and 3 and 6-month survival rates stratified by management. METHODS We included all patients with evidence of spontaneous ICH > 1 cm detected by CT and admitted between august 2020 and march 2021 to the "SMM" Hospital in Perugia. RESULTS Onehundredandtwentytwo patients were included in the study, and 45% (n.55) were surgically treated. The mean age was 71.9 ± 15.3, and 61% (n.75) were males. Intra-hospital mortality ended up being 31% (n.38), 3 months-survival was 63% (n.77) and 6 months-survival was 60% (n.73). From the multivariate analysis of the surgical patients versus medical patient, we observed that the surgical patients were younger (67.5 ± 14.9 vs 75.5 ± 14.7 y; OR 0.87; Cl 95% 0.85-0.94; p 0.001), with greater ICH volume at the onset (61 ± 39.4 cc vs 51 ± 64 cc; OR 1.03; Cl 95% 1.005-1.07; p 0.05), more midline shift (7.61 ± 5.54 mm vs 4.09 ± 5.88 mm; OR 1.37; Cl 95% 1.045-1.79; p 0.023), and a higher ICH score (3 vs 2 mean ICH score; OR 21.12; Cl 95% 2.6-170.6; p 0.004). Intra-hospital mortality in the surgical group and in the conservative treatment group was respectively 33% vs 30%, 3 month-survival was 64% vs 63% and 6 month- survival were 60% in both groups. CONCLUSIONS Our patient cohort shows no overall benefit from surgery over conservative treatment, but surgical patients were younger and had larger ICH volume.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Pierini
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Città Di Castello Hospital, Città Di Castello, Italy
| | - Agnese Novelli
- Internal, Vascular and Emergency Medicine-Stroke Unit, Santa Maria della Misericordia University of Perugia, 06139, Perugia, Italy.
| | - F Bossi
- Internal, Vascular and Emergency Medicine-Stroke Unit, Santa Maria della Misericordia University of Perugia, 06139, Perugia, Italy
| | - R Corinaldesi
- Neurosurgery Department, Santa Maria Della Misericordia Hospital, Perugia, Italy
| | - M Paciaroni
- Stroke Unit, Santa Maria Della Misericordia, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - M G Mosconi
- Stroke Unit, Santa Maria Della Misericordia, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - A Alberti
- Stroke Unit, Santa Maria Della Misericordia, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - M Venti
- Stroke Unit, Santa Maria Della Misericordia, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - I Leone de Magistris
- Stroke Unit, Santa Maria Della Misericordia, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - V Caso
- Stroke Unit, Santa Maria Della Misericordia, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
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10
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Balali P, Hart RG, Smith EE, Saad F, Colorado P, Lemmens R, De Marchis GM, Caso V, Xu L, Heenan L, Connolly SJ, Mundl H, Shoamanesh A. Cerebral microbleeds and asundexian in non-cardioembolic ischemic stroke: Secondary analyses of the PACIFIC-STROKE randomized trial. Int J Stroke 2023:17474930231216339. [PMID: 37950392 DOI: 10.1177/17474930231216339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Cerebral microbleeds are magnetic imaging resonance (MRI) markers of hemorrhage-prone cerebral small vessel disease that predict future risk of ischemic stroke and intracranial hemorrhage (ICrH). There exist concerns about the net benefit of antithrombotic therapy in patients with microbleeds. We aimed to investigate the effects of an oral factor-XIa inhibitor (asundexian), that is hypothesized to inhibit thrombosis without compromising hemostasis, on the development of new microbleeds over time and interactions between microbleeds and asundexian treatment on clinical outcomes. We additionally assessed associations between baseline microbleeds and the risks of clinical and neuroimaging outcomes in patients with non-cardioembolic ischemic stroke. METHODS This is a secondary analysis of the PACIFIC-STROKE, international, multi-center Phase 2b double-blind, randomized clinical trial. PACIFIC-STROKE enrolled patients aged ⩾ 45 years with mild-to-moderate non-cardioembolic ischemic stroke who presented within 48 h of symptom onset for whom antiplatelet therapy was intended. Microbleeds were centrally adjudicated, and participants with an interpretable T2*-weighted sequence at their baseline MRI were included in this analysis. Patients were randomized to asundexian (10/20/50 mg daily) versus placebo plus standard antiplatelet treatment. Regression models were used to estimate the effects of (1) all pooled asundexian doses and (2) asundexian 50 mg daily on new microbleed formation on 26-week MRIs. Cox proportional hazards or regression models were additionally used to estimate interactions between treatment assignment and microbleeds for ischemic stroke/transient ischemic attack (TIA) (primary outcome), and ICrH, all-cause mortality, hemorrhagic transformation (HT), and new microbleeds (secondary outcomes). RESULTS Of 1746 participants (mean age, 67.0 ± 10.0; 34% female) with baseline MRIs, 604 (35%) had microbleeds. During a median follow-up of 10.6 months, 7.0% (n = 122) had ischemic stroke/TIA, 0.5% (n = 8) ICrH, and 2.1% (n = 37) died. New microbleeds developed in 10.3% (n = 155) of participants with adequate follow-up MRIs and HT in 31.4% (n = 345). In the total sample of patients with adequate baseline and 26-week follow-up MRIs (n = 1507), new microbleeds occurred in 10.2% of patients assigned to any asundexian dose and 10.5% of patients assigned to placebo (OR, 0.96; 95% CI, 0.66-1.41). There were no interactions between microbleeds and treatment assignment for any of the outcomes (p for interaction > 0.05). The rates of new microbleeds, HT, and ICrH were numerically less in patients with microbleeds assigned to asundexian relative to placebo. The presence of microbleeds was associated with a higher risk of HT (aOR, 1.6; 95% CI, 1.2-2.1) and new microbleeds (aOR, 4.4; 95% CI, 3.0-6.3). CONCLUSION Factor XIa inhibition with asundexian appears safe in patients with non-cardioembolic ischemic stroke and hemorrhage-prone cerebral small vessel disease marked by microbleeds on MRI. These preliminary findings will be confirmed in the ongoing OCEANIC-STROKE randomized trial. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04304508.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pargol Balali
- Department of Neuroscience and Population Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Robert G Hart
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, McMaster University and Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Eric E Smith
- Departments of Clinical Neurosciences, Radiology and Community Health Sciences and Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Feryal Saad
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | | | - Robin Lemmens
- Divison of Experimental Neurology, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven (University of Leuven), Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Neurology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Gian Marco De Marchis
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Valeria Caso
- Stroke Unit, Santa Maria Della Misericordia Hospital, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Lizhen Xu
- Department of Statistics, Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Laura Heenan
- Department of Statistics, Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Stuart J Connolly
- Department of Statistics, Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | | | - Ashkan Shoamanesh
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, McMaster University and Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, ON, Canada
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11
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Paciaroni M, Caso V, Romoli M, Becattini C, Salerno A, Rapillo C, Simonnet F, Strambo D, Canavero I, Zedde M, Pascarella R, Sohn SI, Sacco S, Ornello R, Barlinn K, Schoene D, Rahmig J, Mosconi MG, Leone De Magistris I, Alberti A, Venti M, Silvestrelli G, Ciccone A, Padroni M, Laudisi M, Zini A, Gentile L, Kargiotis O, Tsivgoulis G, Tassi R, Guideri F, Acampa M, Masotti L, Grifoni E, Rocco A, Diomedi M, Karapanayiotides T, Engelter ST, Polymeris AA, Zietz A, Bandini F, Caliandro P, Reale G, Moci M, Zauli A, Cappellari M, Emiliani A, Gasparro A, Terruso V, Mannino M, Giorli E, Toni D, Andrighetti M, Falcou A, Palaiodimou L, Ntaios G, Sagris D, Karagkiozi E, Adamou A, Halvatsiotis P, Flomin Y, Scoditti U, Genovese A, Popovic N, Pantoni L, Mele F, Molitierno N, Lochner P, Pezzini A, Del Sette M, Sassos D, Giannopoulos S, Kosmidou M, Ntais E, Lotti EM, Mastrangelo V, Chiti A, Naldi A, Vanacker P, Ferrante M, Volodina V, Mancuso M, Giannini N, Baldini M, Vadikolias K, Kitmeridou S, Saggese CE, Tassinari T, Saia V, Michel P. Anticoagulation in acute ischemic stroke patients with mechanical heart valves: To bridge or not with heparin. The ESTREM study. Eur Stroke J 2023; 8:1030-1040. [PMID: 37452632 PMCID: PMC10683741 DOI: 10.1177/23969873231186863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The best therapeutic strategy for patients with mechanical heart valves (MHVs) having acute ischemic stroke during treatment with vitamin K antagonists (VKAs) remain unclear. Being so, we compared the outcomes for: (i) full dose heparin along with VKA (bridging therapy group) and (ii) restarting VKA without heparin (nonbridging group). PATIENTS AND METHODS For this multicenter observational cohort study, data on consecutive acute ischemic stroke patients with MHV was retrospectively collected from prospective registries. Propensity score matching (PSM) was adopted to adjust for any treatment allocation confounders. The primary outcome was the composite of stroke, systemic embolism, symptomatic cerebral bleeding, and major extracerebral bleeding at 90 days. RESULTS Overall, 255 out of 603 patients (41.3%) received bridging therapy: 36 (14.1%) had combined outcome, compared with 28 (8.0%) in the nonbridging group (adjusted OR 1.83; 95% CI 1.05-3.18; p = 0.03). Within the bridging group, 13 patients (5.1%) compared to 12 (3.4%) in the nonbridging group had an ischemic outcome (adjusted OR 1.71; 95% CI 0.84-3.47; p = 0.2); major bleedings were recorded in 23 (9.0%) in the bridging group and 16 (4.6%) in the nonbridging group (adjusted OR 1.88; 95% CI 0.95-3.73; p = 0.07). After PSM, 36 (14.2%) of the 254 bridging patients had combined outcome, compared with 23 (9.1%) of 254 patients in the nonbridging group (OR 1.66; 95% CI 0.95-2.85; p = 0.07). CONCLUSION Acute ischemic stroke patients with MHV undergoing bridging therapy had a marginally higher risk of ischemic or hemorrhagic events, compared to nonbridging patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurizio Paciaroni
- Stroke Unit and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Valeria Caso
- Stroke Unit and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Michele Romoli
- Neurology and Stroke Unit, Department of Neuroscience, Bufalini Hospital, Cesena, Italy
| | - Cecilia Becattini
- Stroke Unit and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Alexander Salerno
- Stroke Center, Neurology Service,Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Costanza Rapillo
- Stroke Center, Neurology Service,Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Stroke Unit, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Fanny Simonnet
- Stroke Center, Neurology Service,Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Davide Strambo
- Stroke Center, Neurology Service,Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Isabella Canavero
- Emergency Neurology, IRCCS Casimiro Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy
- Cerebrovascular Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico “Carlo Besta,” Milano, Italy
| | - Marialuisa Zedde
- Neurology Unit, AUSL - IRCCS of Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | | | - Sung-Il Sohn
- Department of Neurology, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Simona Sacco
- Neuroscience Section, Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L’Aquila, L’Aquila, Italy
| | - Raffaele Ornello
- Neuroscience Section, Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L’Aquila, L’Aquila, Italy
| | - Kristian Barlinn
- Department of Neurology, Dresden University Stroke Center, Dresden, Germany
| | - Daniela Schoene
- Department of Neurology, Dresden University Stroke Center, Dresden, Germany
| | - Jan Rahmig
- Department of Neurology, Dresden University Stroke Center, Dresden, Germany
| | - Maria Giulia Mosconi
- Stroke Unit and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | | | - Andrea Alberti
- Stroke Unit and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Michele Venti
- Stroke Unit and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | | | - Alfonso Ciccone
- S.C. di Neurologia e S.S. di Stroke Unit, ASST di Mantova, Mantova, Italy
| | - Marina Padroni
- Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Michele Laudisi
- Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Andrea Zini
- IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, Maggiore Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - Luana Gentile
- IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, Maggiore Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Georgios Tsivgoulis
- Second Department of Neurology, “Attikon” Hospital, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
| | | | | | | | - Luca Masotti
- Internal Medicine, San Giuseppe Hospital, Empoli, Italy
| | - Elisa Grifoni
- Internal Medicine, San Giuseppe Hospital, Empoli, Italy
| | - Alessandro Rocco
- Stroke Unit, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Marina Diomedi
- Stroke Unit, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Stefan T Engelter
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Neurology and Neurorehabilitation, University Department of Geriatric Medicine FELIX PLATTER, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Alexandros A Polymeris
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Annaelle Zietz
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Fabio Bandini
- Department of Neurology, ASL 3 Genovese, Genova, Italy
| | - Pietro Caliandro
- Neurology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Reale
- Neurology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Moci
- Neurology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Aurelia Zauli
- Department of Geriatrics, Neurosciences and Orthopedics, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Manuel Cappellari
- Stroke Unit, DAI di Neuroscienze, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata, Verona, Italy
| | - Andrea Emiliani
- Stroke Unit, DAI di Neuroscienze, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata, Verona, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Elisa Giorli
- Stroke Unit, Department of Neurology, Sant’Andrea Hospital, La Spezia, Italy
| | - Danilo Toni
- Department of Human Neurosciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Andrighetti
- Department of Human Neurosciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Anne Falcou
- Stroke Unit – Emergency Department, Policlinico Umberto I, Rome, Italy
| | - Lina Palaiodimou
- Second Department of Neurology, “Attikon” Hospital, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
| | - George Ntaios
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Sagris
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - Efstathia Karagkiozi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - Anastasia Adamou
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - Panagiotis Halvatsiotis
- Second Department of Internal Medicine-Propaedeutic and Diabetes Center, Medical School, University General Hospital “Attikon,” National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece
| | - Yuriy Flomin
- Stroke and Neurorehabilitation Unit MC ‘Universal Clinic “Oberig” Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Umberto Scoditti
- Stroke Unit, Emergency Department, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Antonio Genovese
- Stroke Unit, Emergency Department, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Nemanja Popovic
- Clinic of Neurology, University Clinical Center of Vòsvodina, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Leonardo Pantoni
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Francesco Mele
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Nicola Molitierno
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Piergiorgio Lochner
- Department of Neurology, Saarland University, Medical Center, Homburg, Germany
| | - Alessandro Pezzini
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Neurology Unit, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | | | - Davide Sassos
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy
| | - Sotirios Giannopoulos
- Department of Neurology, University of Ioannina School of Medicine, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Maria Kosmidou
- Department of Neurology, University of Ioannina School of Medicine, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Evangelos Ntais
- Department of Neurology, University of Ioannina School of Medicine, Ioannina, Greece
| | | | | | | | - Andrea Naldi
- Neurology Unit, San Giovanni Bosco Hospital, Turin, Italy
| | - Peter Vanacker
- NeuroVascular Center and Stroke Unit Antwerp, Department of Neurology, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium
- Translational Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- Groeninge Hospital, Kortrijk, Belgium
| | - Mario Ferrante
- Operative Research Unit of Neurology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico, Rome, Italy
| | - Vera Volodina
- Municipal Budgetary Healthcare Institution of Novosibirsk, City Clinical Hospital # 1, Novosibirsk (Russia) at the Novosibirsk State Medical University, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Michelangelo Mancuso
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Neurological Institute, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Nicola Giannini
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Neurological Institute, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Marco Baldini
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Neurological Institute, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Kostantinos Vadikolias
- Department of Neurology, Democritus University of Thrace, University Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Sofia Kitmeridou
- Department of Neurology, Democritus University of Thrace, University Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | | | - Tiziana Tassinari
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit, Santa Corona Hospital, Pietra Ligure (Savona), Italy
| | - Valentina Saia
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit, Santa Corona Hospital, Pietra Ligure (Savona), Italy
| | - Patrik Michel
- Neurology and Stroke Unit, Department of Neuroscience, Bufalini Hospital, Cesena, Italy
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Bugaeva P, Arkusha I, Bikaev R, Kamenskiy I, Pokrovskaya A, El-Taravi Y, Caso V, Avedisova A, Chu DK, Genuneit J, Torbahn G, Nicholson TR, Baimukhambetova D, Mursalova A, Kolotilina A, Gadetskaya S, Kondrikova E, Zinchuk M, Akzhigitov R, Boyle RJ, Guekht A, Munblit D. Association of breastfeeding with mental disorders in mother and child: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Med 2023; 21:393. [PMID: 37840122 PMCID: PMC10577970 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-023-03071-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breastfeeding has long been associated with numerous benefits for both mothers and infants. While some observational studies have explored the relationship between breastfeeding and mental health outcomes in mothers and children, a systematic review of the available evidence is lacking. The purpose of this study is to systematically evaluate the association between breastfeeding and mental health disorders in mothers and children. METHODS We systematically searched MEDLINE and EMBASE from inception to June 2, 2023. The inclusion criteria consisted of all studies evaluating links between breastfeeding and development of mental health disorders in children and mothers. Risk of bias was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) while grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) was used to assess the certainty of evidence. A random-effects meta-analysis was used if possible, to estimate the odds ratio for the association between breastfeeding and mental health outcomes. The Mantel-Haenszel method was utilised for pooling ORs across studies. Study heterogeneity was assessed using the I2 statistic. RESULTS Our review identified twenty-one original study. Of these, 18 focused on the association between breastfeeding and child health, assessing depressive disorders, schizophrenia, anxiety disorders, eating disorders and borderline personality disorder. Three studies evaluated the associations between breastfeeding and maternal mental health disorders. Three studies looking at outcomes in children showed no significant association between breastfeeding and occurrence of schizophrenia later in life (OR 0.98; 95% CI 0.57-1.71; I2 = 29%). For depressive disorders (5 studies) and anxiety disorders (3 studies), we found conflicting evidence with some studies showing a small protective effect while others found no effect. The GRADE certainty for all these findings was very low due to multiple limitations. Three studies looking at association between breastfeeding and maternal mental health, were too heterogeneous to draw any firm conclusions. CONCLUSIONS We found limited evidence to support a protective association between breastfeeding and the development of mental health disorders in children later in life. The data regarding the association between breastfeeding and maternal mental health beyond the postnatal period is also limited. The methodological limitations of the published literature prevent definitive conclusions, and further research is needed to better understand the relationship between breastfeeding and mental health in mothers and children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Polina Bugaeva
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Einstein Center for Neurosciences, Berlin, Germany
| | - Inna Arkusha
- V. Serbsky Federal Medical Research Center for Psychiatry and Narcology of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
- Moscow Research and Clinical Centre for Neuropsychiatry, Moscow, Russia
| | - Rinat Bikaev
- Moscow Research and Clinical Centre for Neuropsychiatry, Moscow, Russia
| | - Igor Kamenskiy
- Moscow City Clinical Hospital After V.M. Buyanov, Moscow, Russia
| | - Aleksandra Pokrovskaya
- Department of Brain Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Dementia Research Institute UK, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | | | - Valeria Caso
- Stroke Unit, Santa Maria Della Misericordia Hospital, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Alla Avedisova
- V. Serbsky Federal Medical Research Center for Psychiatry and Narcology of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Derek K Chu
- Division of Clinical Immunology & Allergy, Department of Medicine, and Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence & Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Jon Genuneit
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
- German Center for Child and Youth Health, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Gabriel Torbahn
- Department of Pediatrics, Paracelsus Medical University, Klinikum Nürnberg, Universitätsklinik Der Paracelsus Medizinischen Privatuniversität Nürnberg, Nuremberg, Germany
- Department of Pediatrics, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Timothy R Nicholson
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Dina Baimukhambetova
- Department of Paediatrics and Paediatric Infectious Diseases, Institute of Child's Health, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Sechenov University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Aigun Mursalova
- Department of Paediatrics and Paediatric Infectious Diseases, Institute of Child's Health, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Sechenov University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anastasia Kolotilina
- Department of Paediatrics and Paediatric Infectious Diseases, Institute of Child's Health, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Sechenov University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Svetlana Gadetskaya
- Department of Paediatrics and Paediatric Infectious Diseases, Institute of Child's Health, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Sechenov University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Elena Kondrikova
- Department of Paediatrics and Paediatric Infectious Diseases, Institute of Child's Health, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Sechenov University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Mikhail Zinchuk
- Moscow Research and Clinical Centre for Neuropsychiatry, Moscow, Russia
| | - Renat Akzhigitov
- Moscow Research and Clinical Centre for Neuropsychiatry, Moscow, Russia
| | - Robert J Boyle
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK.
| | - Alla Guekht
- Moscow Research and Clinical Centre for Neuropsychiatry, Moscow, Russia
| | - Daniel Munblit
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK.
- Care for Long Term Conditions Division, Florence Nightingale Faculty of Nursing, Midwifery and Palliative Care, King's College London, London, UK.
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Sechenov University, Moscow, Russia.
- Department of Infectious Disease, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.
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13
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Caso V, Martins S, Mikulik R, Middleton S, Groppa S, Pandian JD, Thang NH, Danays T, van der Merwe J, Fischer T, Hacke W. Six years of the Angels Initiative: Aims, achievements, and future directions to improve stroke care worldwide. Int J Stroke 2023; 18:898-907. [PMID: 37226325 PMCID: PMC10507995 DOI: 10.1177/17474930231180067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The rate of stroke-related death and disability is four times higher in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) than in high-income countries (HICs), yet stroke units exist in only 18% of LMICs, compared with 91% of HICs. In order to ensure universal and equitable access to timely, guideline-recommended stroke care, multidisciplinary stroke-ready hospitals with coordinated teams of healthcare professionals and appropriate facilities are essential.Established in 2016, the Angels Initiative is an international, not-for-profit, public-private partnership. It is run in collaboration with the World Stroke Organization, European Stroke Organisation, and regional and national stroke societies in over 50 countries. The Angels Initiative aims to increase the global number of stroke-ready hospitals and to optimize the quality of existing stroke units. It does this through the work of dedicated consultants, who help to standardize care procedures and build coordinated, informed communities of stroke professionals. Angels consultants also establish quality monitoring frameworks using online audit platforms such as the Registry of Stroke Care Quality (RES-Q), which forms the basis of the Angels award system (gold/platinum/diamond) for all stroke-ready hospitals across the world.The Angels Initiative has supported over 1700 hospitals (>1000 in LMICs) that did not previously treat stroke patients to become "stroke ready." Since its inception in 2016, the Angels Initiative has impacted the health outcomes of an estimated 7.46 million stroke patients globally (including an estimated 4.68 million patients in LMICs). The Angels Initiative has increased the number of stroke-ready hospitals in many countries (e.g. in South Africa: 5 stroke-ready hospitals in 2015 vs 185 in 2021), reduced "door to treatment time" (e.g. in Egypt: 50% reduction vs baseline), and increased quality monitoring substantially.The focus of the work of the Angels Initiative has now expanded from the hyperacute phase of stroke treatment to the pre-hospital setting, as well as to the early post-acute setting. A continued and coordinated global effort is needed to achieve the target of the Angels Initiative of >10,000 stroke-ready hospitals by 2030, and >7500 of these in LMICs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sheila Martins
- Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Robert Mikulik
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne’s University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Sandy Middleton
- Australian Catholic University and St. Vincent’s Health Network Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Stanislav Groppa
- State University of Medicine and Pharmacy ‘Nicolae Testemitanu,’ Chisinau, Moldova
| | | | | | | | - Jan van der Merwe
- Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH, Ingelheim am Rhein, Germany
| | - Thomas Fischer
- Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH, Ingelheim am Rhein, Germany
| | - Werner Hacke
- Ruprecht-Karl-University Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
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14
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Kremer C, Lorenzano S, Bejot Y, Lal A, Epple C, Gdovinova Z, Mono ML, Karapanayiotides T, Jovanovic D, Dawson J, Caso V. Sex differences in outcome after carotid revascularization in symptomatic and asymptomatic carotid artery stenosis. J Vasc Surg 2023; 78:817-827.e10. [PMID: 37055001 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2023.03.502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Sex differences regarding the safety and efficacy of carotid revascularization in carotid artery stenosis have been addressed in several studies with conflicting results. Moreover, women are underrepresented in clinical trials, leading to limited conclusions regarding the safety and efficacy of acute stroke treatments. METHODS A systematic review and meta-analysis was performed by literature search including four databases from January 1985 to December 2021. Sex differences in the efficacy and safety of revascularization procedures, including carotid endarterectomy (CEA) and carotid artery stenting (CAS), for symptomatic and asymptomatic carotid artery stenoses were analyzed. RESULTS Regarding CEA in symptomatic carotid artery stenosis, the stroke risk in men (3.6%) and women (3.9%) based on 99,495 patients (30 studies) did not differ (P = .16). There was also no difference in the stroke risk by different time frames up to 10 years. Compared with men, women treated with CEA had a significantly higher stroke or death rate at 4 months (2 studies, 2565 patients; 7.2% vs 5.0%; odds ratio [OR], 1.49; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.04-2.12; I2 = 0%; P = .03), and a significantly higher rate of restenosis (1 study, 615; 17.2% vs 6.7%; OR, 2.81; 95% CI, 1.66-4.75; P = .0001). For CAS in symptomatic artery stenosis, data showed a non-significant tendency toward higher peri-procedural stroke in women, whereas for asymptomatic carotid artery stenosis, data based on 332,344 patients showed that women (compared with men) after CEA had similar rates of stroke, stroke or death, and the composite outcome stroke/death/myocardial infarction. The rate of restenosis at 1 year was significantly higher in women compared with men (1 study, 372 patients; 10.8% vs 3.2%; OR, 3.71; 95% CI, 1.49-9.2; P = .005). Furthermore, CAS in asymptomatic patients was associated with low risk of a postprocedural stroke in both sexes, but a significantly higher risk of in-hospital myocardial infarction in women than men (8445 patients, 1.2% vs 0.6%; OR, 2.01; 95% CI, 1.23-3.28; I2 = 0%; P = .005). CONCLUSIONS A few sex-differences in short-term outcomes after carotid revascularization for symptomatic and asymptomatic carotid artery stenosis were found, although there were no significant differences in the overall stroke. This indicates a need for larger multicenter prospective studies to evaluate these sex-specific differences. More women, including those aged over 80 years, need to be enrolled in randomized controlled trials, to better understand if sex differences exist and to tailor carotid revascularization accordingly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Kremer
- Neurology Department, Skåne University Hospital, Department Clinical Sciences Lund University, Malmö, Sweden.
| | - Svetlana Lorenzano
- Department of Human Neurosciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Yannick Bejot
- Dijon Stroke Registry, EA7460, Pathophysiology and Epidemiology of Cerebro-Cardiovascular diseases (PEC2), University Hospital of Dijon, University of Burgundy, UBFC, Dijon, France
| | - Avtar Lal
- European Stroke Organisation (ESO), Basel, Switzerland
| | - Corina Epple
- Neurology Department, Klinikum Hanau, Hanau, Germany
| | - Zuzana Gdovinova
- Neurology Department, Faculty of Medicine P.J. Safarik University Košice, Košice, Slovakia
| | - Marie-Luise Mono
- Department of Neurology, Municipal Hospital Waid und Triemli, Zürich, Switzerland; University Hospital and University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Theodore Karapanayiotides
- Second Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Dejana Jovanovic
- Department of Emergency Neurology, Neurology Clinic, Clinical Center of Serbia, Medical Faculty, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jesse Dawson
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary, and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland
| | - Valeria Caso
- Stroke Unit, Santa Maria della Misericordia Hospital, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
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Aguiar de Sousa D, Wilkie A, Norrving B, Macey C, Bassetti C, Tiu C, Roth G, Lunde G, Christensen H, Fiehler J, Pezzella FR, Dichgans M, Roaldsen MB, Kelly P, Mikulik R, Sacco S, Caso V, Fischer U. Delivery of acute ischaemic stroke treatments in the European region in 2019 and 2020. Eur Stroke J 2023; 8:618-628. [PMID: 37431768 PMCID: PMC10472963 DOI: 10.1177/23969873231186042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION We assessed best available data on access and delivery of acute stroke unit (SU) care, intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) and endovascular treatment (EVT) in the European region in 2019 and 2020. PATIENTS AND METHODS We compared national data per number of inhabitants and per 100 annual incident first-ever ischaemic strokes (AIIS) in 46 countries. Population estimates and ischaemic stroke incidence were based on United Nations data and the Global Burden of Disease Report 2019, respectively. RESULTS The estimated mean number of acute SUs in 2019 was 3.68 (95% CI: 2.90-4.45) per one million inhabitants (MIH) with 7/44 countries having less than one SU per one MIH. The estimated mean annual number of IVTs was 21.03 (95% CI: 15.63-26.43) per 100,000 and 17.14% (95% CI: 12.98-21.30) of the AIIS in 2019, with highest country rates at 79.19 and 52.66%, respectively, and 15 countries delivering less than 10 IVT per 100,000. The estimated mean annual number of EVTs in 2019 was 7.87 (95% CI: 5.96-9.77) per 100,000 and 6.91% (95% CI: 5.15-8.67) of AIIS, with 11 countries delivering less than 1.5 EVT per 100,000. Rates of SUs, IVT and EVT were stable in 2020. There was an increase in mean rates of SUs, IVT and EVT compared to similar data from 2016. CONCLUSION Although there was an increase in reperfusion treatment rates in many countries between 2016 and 2019, this was halted in 2020. There are persistent major inequalities in acute stroke treatment in the European region. Tailored strategies directed to the most vulnerable regions should be prioritised.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Aguiar de Sousa
- Stroke Center, Lisbon Central University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | | | - Bo Norrving
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Section of Neurology, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | | | - Claudio Bassetti
- Department of Neurology, Inselspital Bern and Medical Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Cristina Tiu
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Medicine and Pharmacy ‘Carol Davila’ Bucharest, and Department of Neurology, University Hospital Bucharest, Romania
| | - Greg Roth
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Hanne Christensen
- Department of Neurology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Bispebjerg, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jens Fiehler
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Martin Dichgans
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University, Munich and German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany
| | - Melinda B Roaldsen
- Center for Research and Education, University Hospital of North Norway and Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Peter Kelly
- Stroke and Neurology Department, Mater University Hospital and Stroke Clinical Trials Network Ireland, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Robert Mikulik
- International Clinical Research Center and Department of Neurology, St. Anne’s University Hospital in Brno and Faculty of Medicine at Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Simona Sacco
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences University of L’Aquila, L’Aquila, Italy
| | - Valeria Caso
- Stroke Unit, Santa Maria della Misericordia Hospital, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Urs Fischer
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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16
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Safouris A, Palaiodimou L, Nardai S, Kargiotis O, Magoufis G, Psychogios K, Matusevicius M, Feil K, Ahmed N, Kellert L, Spiliopoulos S, Brountzos E, Szikora I, Sarraj A, Goyal N, Aguiar de Sousa D, Strbian D, Caso V, Alexandrov AV, Tsivgoulis G. Medical Management Versus Endovascular Treatment for Large-Vessel Occlusion Anterior Circulation Stroke With Low NIHSS. Stroke 2023; 54:2265-2275. [PMID: 37526011 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.123.043937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endovascular treatment (EVT) for acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients presenting with National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score of 0 to 5 is common in clinical practice but has not yet been proven safe and effective. Our objective is to assess whether EVT on top of best medical treatment (BMT) in AIS patients with large-vessel occlusion of the anterior circulation presenting with mild symptoms is beneficial compared with BMT. METHODS We searched MEDLINE, SCOPUS, and reference lists of retrieved articles published until December 28, 2022. A systematic literature search was conducted to identify clinical trials or observational cohort studies evaluating patients with AIS due to anterior circulation large-vessel occlusion and admission National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score ≤5 treated with EVT versus BMT alone. The primary outcome was excellent functional outcome (modified Rankin Scale score 0-1) at 3 months. The protocol had been registered before data collection (PROSPERO). RESULTS Eleven observational eligible studies were included in the meta-analysis, comprising a total of 2019 AIS patients with National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score ≤5 treated with EVT versus 3171 patients treated with BMT. EVT was not associated with excellent functional outcome (risk ratio, 1.10 [95% CI, 0.93-1.31]). When stratified for different study design (per-protocol versus intention-to-treat), there were no significant subgroup differences. EVT was not associated with good functional outcome (modified Rankin Scale score 0-2; risk ratio, 1.01 [95% CI, 0.89-1.16]) or reduced disability at 3 months (common odds ratio, 0.92 [95% CI, 0.60-1.41]). Symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage was more common in the patients receiving EVT (risk ratio, 3.53 [95% CI, 2.35-5.31]). No correlation was found between EVT and mortality at 3 months (risk ratio, 1.34 [95% CI, 0.83-2.18]). The same overall associations were confirmed in the sensitivity analysis of studies that performed propensity score matching. CONCLUSIONS EVT appears equivalent to BMT for patients with anterior circulation large-vessel occlusion AIS with low baseline National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale, despite the increased risk for symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage. REGISTRATION URL: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/; Unique identifier: CRD42022334417.
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Affiliation(s)
- Apostolos Safouris
- Stroke Unit, Metropolitan Hospital, Piraeus, Greece (A. Safouris, O.K., K.P.)
- Second Department of Neurology, "Attikon" University Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece (A. Safouris, L.P., G.T.)
- Department of Neurosurgery, National Institute of Mental Health, Neurology and Neurosurgery, Department Section of Neurointervention, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (A. Safouris, S.N., I.S.)
| | - Lina Palaiodimou
- Second Department of Neurology, "Attikon" University Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece (A. Safouris, L.P., G.T.)
| | - Sándor Nardai
- Department of Neurosurgery, National Institute of Mental Health, Neurology and Neurosurgery, Department Section of Neurointervention, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (A. Safouris, S.N., I.S.)
| | - Odysseas Kargiotis
- Stroke Unit, Metropolitan Hospital, Piraeus, Greece (A. Safouris, O.K., K.P.)
| | - George Magoufis
- Neuroradiology Department, Metropolitan Hospital, Piraeus, Greece (G.M.)
- Interventional Radiology Department, "Attikon" University Hospital, Athens, Greece (G.M., S.S., E.B.)
| | | | - Marius Matusevicius
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (M.M., N.A.)
- Department of Neurology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden (M.M., N.A.)
| | - Katharina Feil
- Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitaet (LMU) Munich, Germany (K.F., L.K.)
- Department of Neurology and Stroke, Eberhard-Karls University Tuebingen/Universitaetsklinikum Tuebingen (UKT), Germany (K.F.)
| | - Niaz Ahmed
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (M.M., N.A.)
- Department of Neurology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden (M.M., N.A.)
| | - Lars Kellert
- Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitaet (LMU) Munich, Germany (K.F., L.K.)
| | - Stavros Spiliopoulos
- Interventional Radiology Department, "Attikon" University Hospital, Athens, Greece (G.M., S.S., E.B.)
| | - Elias Brountzos
- Interventional Radiology Department, "Attikon" University Hospital, Athens, Greece (G.M., S.S., E.B.)
| | - István Szikora
- Department of Neurosurgery, National Institute of Mental Health, Neurology and Neurosurgery, Department Section of Neurointervention, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (A. Safouris, S.N., I.S.)
| | - Amrou Sarraj
- Department of Neurology, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, OH (A. Sarraj)
- Department of Neurology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH (A. Sarraj)
| | - Nitin Goyal
- Department of Neurology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis (N.G., A.V.A., G.T.)
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Tennessee Health Science Center and Semmes Murphey Neurologic and Spine Clinic, Memphis (N.G.)
| | - Diana Aguiar de Sousa
- Stroke Center, Lisbon Central University Hospital, and Faculty of Medicine, University of Lisbon, Portugal (D.A.D.S.)
| | - Daniel Strbian
- Department of Neurology, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Finland (D.S.)
| | - Valeria Caso
- Stroke Unit, Santa Maria Della Misericordia Hospital, University of Perugia, Italy (V.C.)
| | - Andrei V Alexandrov
- Department of Neurology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis (N.G., A.V.A., G.T.)
- Department of Neurology, Banner University Hospital, University of Arizona, Phoenix (A.V.A.)
| | - Georgios Tsivgoulis
- Second Department of Neurology, "Attikon" University Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece (A. Safouris, L.P., G.T.)
- Department of Neurology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis (N.G., A.V.A., G.T.)
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17
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Caliandro P, Cancelloni V, Marco M, Reale G, Zauli A, Agnelli G, Caso V, Becattini C, Calabresi P, Giulia Mosconi M, Giustozzi M, Tsivgoulis G, Julian Seiffge D, Engelter ST, Lyrer P, Polymeris AA, Dittrich T, Zietz A, Marco De Marchis G, Putaala J, Strbian D, Tomppo L, Michel P, Strambo D, Salerno A, Remillard S, Buehrer M, Bavaud O, Vanacker P, Zuurbier S, Yperzeele L, Loos CM, Cappellari M, Emiliani A, Zedde M, Abdul-Rahim A, Dawson J, Cronshaw R, Schirinzi E, Del Sette M, Stretz C, Kala N, Reznik M, Schomer A, Mac Grory B, Jayaraman M, McTaggart R, Yaghi S, Furie KL, Masotti L, Grifoni E, Toni D, Risitano A, Falcou A, Petraglia L, Maria Lotti E, Padroni M, Pavolucci L, Lochner P, Silvestrelli G, Ciccone A, Alberti A, Venti M, Leone De Magistris I, Kargiotis O, Rocco A, Diomedi M, Marcheselli S, Antonenko K, Rota E, Tassinari T, Saia V, Palmerini F, Aridon P, Arnao V, Monaco S, Cottone S, Baldi A, D’Amore C, Ageno W, Pegoraro S, Ntaios G, Sagris D, Giannopoulos S, Kosmidou M, Ntais E, Romoli M, Pantoni L, Rosa S, Bertora P, Chiti A, Canavero I, Emanuele Saggese C, Plocco M, Giorli E, Palaiodimou L, Bakola E, Bandini F, Gasparro A, Terruso V, Mannino M, Pezzini A, Ornello R, Sacco S, Popovic N, Scoditti U, Genovese A, Denti L, Flomin Y, Mancuso M, Ferrari E, Chiara Caselli M, Ulivi L, Giannini N, Vadikolias K, Liantinioti C, Chondrogianni M, Halvatsiotis P, Carletti M, Karagkiozi E, Athanasakis G, Makaritsis K, Lanari A, Tatlisumak T, Acciarresi M, Vannucchi V, Lorenzini G, Tassi R, Guideri F, Acampa M, Martini G, Sohn SI, Mumoli N, Tadi P, Letteri F, Maccarrone M, Poli L, Magoni M, Galati F, Tiseo C, Gourbali V, Orlandi G, Giuntini M, Corea F, Bellesini M, Girardi L, Maimone Baronello M, Karapanayiotides T, Rueckert C, Csiba L, Szabó L, Rigatelli A, Imberti D, Zabzuni D, Pieroni A, Barlinn K, Pallesen LP, Barlinn J, Doronin B, Volodina V, Deleu D, Bonetti B, Porta C, Gentile L, Eskandari A, Paciaroni M. Risk of recurrent stroke in patients with atrial fibrillation treated with oral anticoagulants alone or in combination with anti-platelet therapy. Eur Stroke J 2023; 8:722-730. [PMID: 37458099 PMCID: PMC10472945 DOI: 10.1177/23969873231183211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Ischaemic stroke patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) are at high risk of stroke recurrence despite oral anticoagulation therapy. Patients with cardiovascular comorbidities may take both antiplatelet and oral anticoagulation therapy (OAC/AP). Our study aims to evaluate the safety and efficacy of OAC/AP therapy as secondary prevention in people with AF and ischaemic stroke. PATIENTS AND METHODS We performed a post-hoc analysis of pooled individual data from multicenter prospective cohort studies and compared outcomes in the OAC/AP cohort and patients on DOAC/VKA anticoagulation alone (OAC cohort). Primary outcome was a composite of ischaemic stroke, systemic embolism, intracranial bleeding, and major extracranial bleeding, while secondary outcomes were ischaemic and haemorrhagic events considered separately. A multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to identify independent predictors for outcome events. To compare the risk of outcome events between the two cohorts, the relation between the survival function and the set of explanatory variables were calculated by Cox proportional hazard models and the results were reported as adjusted hazard ratios (HR). Finally another analysis was performed to compare the overall risk of outcome events in both OAC/AP and OAC cohorts after propensity score matching (PSM). RESULTS During a mean follow-up time of 7.5 ± 9.1 months (median follow-up time 3.5 months, interquartile range ±3), 2284 stroke patients were on oral anticoagulants and 215 were on combined therapy. The multivariable model demonstrated that the composite outcome is associated with age (OR: 1.03, 95% CI: 1.01-1.04 for each year increase) and concomitant antiplatelet therapy (OR: 2.2, 95% CI: 1.48-3.27), the ischaemic outcome with congestive heart failure (OR: 1.55, 95% CI: 1.02-2.36) and concomitant antiplatelet therapy (OR: 1.93, 95% CI: 1.19-3.13) and the haemorrhagic outcome with age (OR: 1.03, 95% CI: 1.01-1.06 for each year increase), alcoholism (OR: 2.15, 95% CI: 1.06-4.39) and concomitant antiplatelet therapy (OR: 2.22, 95% CI: 1.23-4.02). Cox regression demonstrated a higher rate of the composite outcome (hazard ratio of 1.93 [95% CI, 1.35-2.76]), ischaemic events (HR: 2.05 [95% CI: 1.45-2.87]) and bleeding outcomes (HR: 1.90 [95% CI, 1.06-3.40]) in OAC/AP cohort. After PSM analysis, the composite outcome remained more frequent in people treated with OAC + AP (RR: 1.70 [95% CI, 1.05-2.74]). DISCUSSION Secondary prevention with combination of oral anticoagulant and antiplatelet therapy after ischaemic stroke was associated with worse outcomes in our cohort. CONCLUSION Further research is needed to improve secondary prevention by investigating the mechanisms of recurrent ischaemic stroke in patients with atrial fibrillation.
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Palaiodimou L, Papagiannopoulou G, Katsanos AH, Eleftheriou A, Karapanayiotides T, Mitsias PD, Lemmens R, Molina CA, Alexandrov A, Caso V, Shoamanesh A, Sharma M, Tsivgoulis G. Efficacy and Safety of Oral Factor XIa Inhibitors in Stroke Prevention: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Clin Med 2023; 12:5562. [PMID: 37685629 PMCID: PMC10488897 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12175562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Despite preventive measures, stroke rates remain high in the primary and secondary prevention settings. Factor XIa inhibition may offer a novel, safe and effective antithrombotic option for stroke prevention. METHODS We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis including all available randomized controlled clinical trials (RCTs) that investigated the efficacy and safety of factor XIa inhibitors versus controls in primary or secondary stroke prevention. The primary efficacy and safety outcomes of interest were symptomatic ischemic stroke (IS) and the composite of major bleeding and clinically relevant non-major bleeding. RESULTS Four phase II dose-finding RCTs were included, comprising a total of 4732 patients treated with factor XIa inhibitors versus 1798 controls. Treatment with factor XIa inhibitors did not reduce the risk of IS compared to controls (RR: 0.89; 95% CI: 0.67-1.17). The composite of symptomatic IS and covert infarcts on brain MRI (RR: 1.01; 95% CI: 0.87-1.18), the composite of symptomatic IS and transient ischemic attack (TIA; RR: 0.78; 95% CI: 0.61-1.01), and the composite of major adverse cardiovascular events (RR: 1.07; 95% CI: 0.87-1.31) did not differ between the treatment groups. Treatment with factor XIa inhibitors did not increase the risk of the composite of major bleeding and clinically relevant non-major bleeding (RR: 1.19; 95% CI: 0.65-2.16), major bleeding alone (RR: 1.19; 95% CI: 0.64-2.22), intracranial bleeding (RR: 0.91; 95% CI: 0.26-3.19) or all-cause mortality (RR: 1.21; 95% CI: 0.77-1.90). CONCLUSION This meta-analysis provides reassuring evidence regarding the safety of factor XIa inhibitors. These findings, coupled with potential signals of efficacy in reducing IS (and TIA), underscore the importance of ongoing phase III RCTs for providing definitive data regarding the effect of factor XIa inhibition on stroke prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Palaiodimou
- Second Department of Neurology, “Attikon” University Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 12462 Athens, Greece
| | - Georgia Papagiannopoulou
- Second Department of Neurology, “Attikon” University Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 12462 Athens, Greece
| | - Aristeidis H. Katsanos
- Division of Neurology, McMaster University/Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, ON L8L2X2, Canada
| | - Andreas Eleftheriou
- Second Department of Neurology, “Attikon” University Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 12462 Athens, Greece
| | - Theodore Karapanayiotides
- Second Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, AHEPA University General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Panayiotis D. Mitsias
- Neurology Department, University General Hospital of Heraklion, 71500 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Robin Lemmens
- Experimental Neurology, Department of Neurosciences, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- VIB, Center for Brain & Disease Research, Laboratory of Neurobiology, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Neurology, University Hospitals Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Carlos A. Molina
- Vall d’Hebron Stroke Center, Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron, Departament de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Andrei Alexandrov
- Department of Neurology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Valeria Caso
- Stroke Unit, Santa Maria della Misericordia Hospital, University of Perugia, 06129 Perugia, Italy
| | - Ashkan Shoamanesh
- Division of Neurology, McMaster University/Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, ON L8L2X2, Canada
| | - Mukul Sharma
- Division of Neurology, McMaster University/Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, ON L8L2X2, Canada
| | - Georgios Tsivgoulis
- Second Department of Neurology, “Attikon” University Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 12462 Athens, Greece
- Department of Neurology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
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Giudici D, Regina R, Paciaroni M, Caso V. Abstract WP166: CHA
2
DS
2
-VASc or CHA
2
DS
2
-VA: Do We Need An Additional Point To Anticoagulate Women? Stroke 2023. [DOI: 10.1161/str.54.suppl_1.wp166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Rationale
The prevalence of atrial fibrillation (AF) is higher in men than women, but women have a higher risk of stroke and death due to AF. The CHA2DS2-Vasc score measures the risk of stroke in patients with AF, recommending a score of ≥ 2 for males and ≥ 3 for women. The aims of this study were: 1) to determine if the female sex is an independent risk factor for stroke in secondary prevention; 2) to compare CHA2DS2-VASc and CHA2DS2-VA in the risk of recurrent ischemic stroke.
Methods:
We used pooled individual data from an international collaboration of prospective cohort studies (RAF, RAF-NOAC, and RENO-Extend studies) that included patients with acute ischemic stroke and AF. Primary outcome was ischemic stroke recurrence. A multivariable model was performed to evaluate independent predictors for primary outcome. The predictive value of the CHA2DS2-VASc and CHA2DS2-VA scores for primary outcome was evaluated by c-statistic difference (ROC curves).
Results:
The cohort for this analysis comprised 3,750 patients (mean age 77.3±9.5 years) with ischemic stroke and AF; of these, 1930 (51.5%) were female. After a mean follow-up of 7.5±9.1 months, 242 (6.5%) primary outcome events were recorded: 123/1930 (6.4%) in women and 119/1820 (6.5%) in men. On multivariable analysis, female sex was not associated with the primary outcome (OR 0.98; 95% CI 0.72-1.31). The predictive value of the CHA2DS2-VASc and CHA2DS2-VA scores for the primary outcome in the overall population was similar with areas under the curves of 0.571 (95% CI, 0.535-0.607; p<0.0001) and 0.581 (95% CI, 0.545-0.617; p<0.0001), respectively.
Conclusions:
Our study shows that sex is not a predictive factor for ischemic events and that CHA2DS2-VASc and CHA2DS2-VA scores have a similar predictive value for recurrent ischemic stroke.
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Caso V, de Groot JR, Sanmartin Fernandez M, Segura T, Blomström-Lundqvist C, Hargroves D, Antoniou S, Williams H, Worsley A, Harris J, Caleyachetty A, Vardar B, Field P, Ruff CT. Outcomes and drivers of inappropriate dosing of non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants (NOACs) in patients with atrial fibrillation: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Heart 2023; 109:178-185. [PMID: 36316100 PMCID: PMC9872251 DOI: 10.1136/heartjnl-2022-321114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE There has been limited systematic evaluation of outcomes and drivers of inappropriate non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants (NOACs) dosing among patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). This review identified and systematically evaluated literature on clinical and economic outcomes of inappropriate NOAC dosing and associated patient characteristics. METHODS MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Library, International Pharmaceutical Abstracts, Econlit, PubMed and NHS EEDs databases were searched for English language observational studies from all geographies published between 2008 and 2020, examining outcomes of, or factors associated with, inappropriate NOAC dosing in adult patients with AF. RESULTS One hundred and six studies were included in the analysis. Meta-analysis showed that compared with recommended NOAC dosing, off-label underdosing was associated with a null effect on stroke outcomes (ischaemic stroke and stroke/transient ischaemic attack (TIA), stroke/systemic embolism (SE) and stroke/SE/TIA). Meta-analysis of 15 studies examining clinical outcomes of inappropriate NOAC dosing found a null effect of underdosing on bleeding outcomes (major bleeding HR=1.04, 95% CI 0.90 to 1.19; p=0.625) but an increased risk of all-cause mortality (HR=1.28, 95% CI 1.10 to 1.49; p=0.006). Overdosing was associated with an increased risk of major bleeding (HR=1.41, 95% CI 1.07 to 1.85; p=0.013). No studies were found examining economic outcomes of inappropriate NOAC dosing. Narrative synthesis of 12 studies examining drivers of inappropriate NOAC dosing found that increased age, history of minor bleeds, hypertension, congestive heart failure and low creatine clearance (CrCl) were associated with an increased risk of underdosing. There was insufficient evidence to assess drivers of overdosing. CONCLUSIONS Our analysis suggests that off-label underdosing of NOACs does not reduce bleeding outcomes. Patients prescribed off-label NOAC doses are at an increased risk of all-cause mortality. These data underscore the importance of prescriber adherence to NOAC dosing guidelines to achieve optimal clinical outcomes for patients with AF. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER CRD42020219844.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Caso
- Stroke Unit, Santa Maria della Misericordia Hospital, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Joris R de Groot
- Heart Center, Department of Cardiology, Amsterdam UMC Location AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Tomás Segura
- Deparment of Neurology, Hospital General Universitario de Albacete, Albacete, Spain
| | | | - David Hargroves
- Stroke Medicine, East Kent Hospitals University NHS Foundation Trust, Canterbury, UK
| | | | - Helen Williams
- South East London Integrated Card Systemt, and UCLPartners, London, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Christian T Ruff
- Cardiovascular Division, Deparmtent of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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21
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Yperzeele L, Shoamanesh A, Venugopalan YV, Chapman S, Mazya MV, Charalambous M, Caso V, Hacke W, Bath PM, Koltsov I. Key design elements of successful acute ischemic stroke treatment trials. Neurol Res Pract 2023; 5:1. [PMID: 36600257 PMCID: PMC9814432 DOI: 10.1186/s42466-022-00221-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE We review key design elements of positive randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in acute ischemic stroke (AIS) treatment and summarize their main characteristics. METHOD We searched Medline, Pubmed and Cochrane databases for positive RCTs in AIS treatment. Trials were included if (1) they had a randomized controlled design, with (at least partial) blinding for endpoints, (2) they tested against placebo (or on top of standard therapy in a superiority design) or against approved therapy; (3) the protocol was registered and/or published before trial termination and unblinding (if required at study commencement); (4) the primary endpoint was positive in the intention to treat analysis; and (5) the study findings led to approval of the investigational product and/or high ranked recommendations. A topical approach was used, therefore the findings were summarized as a narrative review. FINDINGS Seventeen positive RCTs met the inclusion criteria. The majority of trials included less than 1000 patients (n = 15), had highly selective inclusion criteria (n = 16), used the modified Rankin score as a primary endpoint (n = 15) and had a frequentist design (n = 16). Trials tended to be national (n = 12), investigator-initiated and performed with public funding (n = 11). DISCUSSION Smaller but selective trials are useful to identify efficacy in a particular subgroup of stroke patients. It may also be of advantage to limit the number of participating countries and centers to avoid heterogeneity in stroke management and bureaucratic burden. CONCLUSION The key characteristics of positive RCTs in AIS treatment described here may assist in the design of further trials investigating a single intervention with a potentially high effect size.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. Yperzeele
- grid.411414.50000 0004 0626 3418Antwerp NeuroVascular Center and Stroke Unit, Department of Neurology, University Hospital Antwerp, Edegem, Belgium ,grid.5284.b0000 0001 0790 3681Translational Neurosciences Research Group, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Edegem, Belgium
| | - A. Shoamanesh
- grid.415102.30000 0004 0545 1978Division of Neurology, McMaster University / Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Y. V. Venugopalan
- grid.413618.90000 0004 1767 6103Department of Neurology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - S. Chapman
- grid.27755.320000 0000 9136 933XDepartment of Neurology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, USA
| | - M. V. Mazya
- grid.24381.3c0000 0000 9241 5705Department of Neurology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden ,grid.4714.60000 0004 1937 0626Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - M. Charalambous
- grid.15810.3d0000 0000 9995 3899Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Cyprus University of Technology, Limassol, Cyprus ,grid.8534.a0000 0004 0478 1713Laboratory of Cognitive and Neurological Sciences, Neurology Unit, Faculty of Science and Medicine, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - V. Caso
- grid.9027.c0000 0004 1757 3630Stroke Unit, Santa Maria Della Misericordia Hospital, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - W. Hacke
- Department of Neurology, Ruprechts Karl University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - P. M. Bath
- grid.4563.40000 0004 1936 8868Stroke Trials Unit, Mental Health & Clinical Neuroscience, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - I. Koltsov
- grid.78028.350000 0000 9559 0613Cerebrovascular Diseases Laboratory, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia ,grid.78028.350000 0000 9559 0613Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Medical Genetics Department, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia ,Neuroimmunology Department, Federal Center of Brain Research and Neurotechnologies, Moscow, Russia
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Mosconi MG, Maraziti G, Paciaroni M, Giustozzi M, Vedovati MC, Bogliari G, Urbini C, Traballi L, Caso V. Effects of Direct Oral Anticoagulants' Nonrecommended Dose in Atrial Fibrillation: A Meta-Analysis. Eur Neurol 2023; 86:13-24. [PMID: 36099877 DOI: 10.1159/000525407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The efficacy and safety profiles of nonrecommended direct oral anticoagulant (DOAC) doses in patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF) are still undefined. SUMMARY We searched for randomized controlled trials and observational studies that compared nonrecommended versus recommended doses of DOACs, published up to December 2021. Primary study outcomes were ischemic stroke/transient ischemic attack/systemic embolism (IS/TIA/SE) and major bleeding (MB). All-cause mortality was a secondary outcome. We determined pooled odds ratios (ORs) between groups of patients with a random-effect model. Twenty-three studies with 175,801 patients were included. Nonrecommended doses were associated with a higher risk of IS/TIA/SE and all-cause mortality, but not of MB as compared to recommended doses of DOACs (OR 1.25 [95% CI: 1.14-1.38], OR 1.69 [95% CI: 1.31-2.18] and OR 1.10 [95% CI: 0.93-1.31], respectively). The nonrecommended low dose was associated with an increased risk of IS/TIA/SE and all-cause death (OR 1.21 [95% CI: 1.05-1.39] and OR 1.66 [95% CI: 1.18-2.35], respectively) but not of MB (OR 1.01 [95% CI: 0.83-1.22] as compared to recommended doses. Subgroup analysis of nonrecommended low doses of DOACs showed a nonsignificant increase in IS/TIA/SE in Asians (OR 1.17 [95% CI: 0.89-1.54] vs. non-Asian (OR 1.21 [95% CI: 1.07-1.36]). KEY MESSAGES Compared with recommended doses, nonrecommended low doses of DOACs increase the risk of ischemic events without decreasing the risk of bleeding. For Asians, the efficacy of DOACs seemed preserved despite the nonrecommended low-dose prescription. Clinicians should carefully adhere to recommended DOAC prescription advice in managing NVAF patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Giulia Mosconi
- Internal and Cardiovascular Medicine-Stroke Unit, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Giorgio Maraziti
- Internal and Cardiovascular Medicine-Stroke Unit, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Maurizio Paciaroni
- Internal and Cardiovascular Medicine-Stroke Unit, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Michela Giustozzi
- Internal and Cardiovascular Medicine-Stroke Unit, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | | | - Giulio Bogliari
- Emergency Department, Ospedale Città di Castello USL Umbria 1, Città di Castello (PG), Italy
| | - Chiara Urbini
- Internal and Cardiovascular Medicine-Stroke Unit, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Laura Traballi
- Internal and Cardiovascular Medicine-Stroke Unit, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Valeria Caso
- Internal and Cardiovascular Medicine-Stroke Unit, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
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23
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Caso V, Tsivgoulis G, Norrving B. ESO EAST Editorial. Eur Stroke J 2023; 8:3-4. [PMID: 36793746 PMCID: PMC9923132 DOI: 10.1177/23969873221148632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Caso
- Stroke Unit, Department of Emergengy and
Vascular Medicine Santa Maria della MIsericordia Hospital, University of Perugia Perugia
Italy
| | - Georgios Tsivgoulis
- Second Department of Neurology, School of
Medicine, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, “Attikon” University Hospital,
Athens, Greece
| | - Bo Norrving
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund,
Neurology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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Safouris A, Palaiodimou L, Szikora I, Kargiotis O, Magoufis G, Psychogios K, Paraskevas G, Spiliopoulos S, Brountzos E, Nardai S, Goyal N, De Sousa DA, Strbian D, Caso V, Alexandrov A, Tsivgoulis G. Endovascular treatment for anterior circulation large-vessel occlusion ischemic stroke with low ASPECTS: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Ther Adv Neurol Disord 2022; 15:17562864221139632. [PMID: 36467113 PMCID: PMC9716457 DOI: 10.1177/17562864221139632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 08/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endovascular treatment (EVT) for acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients presenting with Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score (ASPECTS) 0-5 has not yet proven safe and effective by clinical trials. OBJECTIVES The aim of the study was to assess whether EVT in AIS patients presenting with low ASPECTS is beneficial. DESIGN Systematic review and meta-analysis of available studies in accordance with the PRISMA statement. DATA SOURCES AND METHODS We have searched MEDLINE, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and reference lists of articles published until 28 May 2022 with the aim to calculate (1) modified Rankin scale (mRS) score 0-3 at 3 months, (2) mRS score 0-2 at 3 months, (3) symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (sICH), and (3) mortality at 3 months. RESULTS Overall, 24 eligible studies were included in the meta-analysis, comprising a total of 2539 AIS patients with ASPECTS 0-5 treated with EVT. The pooled proportion of EVT-treated patients achieving mRS 0-3 at 3 months was calculated at 38.4%. The pooled proportion of EVT-treated patients achieving mRS 0-2 at 3 months was 25.7%. Regarding safety outcomes, sICH occurred in 12.8% of patients. The 3-month pooled mortality was 30%. In pairwise meta-analysis, patients treated with EVT had a higher likelihood of achieving mRS 0-3 at 3 months compared with patients treated with best medical therapy (BMT, OR: 2.41). sICH occurred more frequently in EVT-treated patients compared with the BMT-treated patients (OR: 2.30). Mortality at 3 months was not different between the two treatment groups (OR: 0.71). CONCLUSION EVT may be beneficial for AIS patients with low baseline ASPECTS despite an increased risk for sICH. Further data from randomized-controlled clinical trials are needed to elucidate the role of EVT in this subgroup of AIS patients. REGISTRATION The protocol has been registered in the International Prospective Register of Ongoing Systematic Reviews PROSPERO; Registration Number: CRD42022334417.
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Affiliation(s)
- Apostolos Safouris
- Stroke Unit, Metropolitan Hospital, Piraeus,
Greece
- Second Department of Neurology, Attikon
University Hospital, Athens, Greece
- School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian
University of Athens, Athens, Greece
- Aktios Rehabilitation Center, Athens,
Greece
- Department of Neurointerventions, National
Institute of Mental Health, Neurology and Neurosurgery, Section of
Neurointervention, Department of Neurosurgery, Semmelweis University,
Budapest, Hungary
| | - Lina Palaiodimou
- Second Department of Neurology, Attikon
University Hospital, Athens, Greece
- School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian
University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - István Szikora
- Department of Neurointerventions, National
Institute of Mental Health, Neurology and Neurosurgery, Section of
Neurointervention, Department of Neurosurgery, Semmelweis University,
Budapest, Hungary
| | | | - George Magoufis
- Neuroradiology Department, Metropolitan
Hospital, Piraeus, Greece
| | | | - Georgios Paraskevas
- Second Department of Neurology, Attikon
University Hospital, Athens, Greece
- School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian
University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Stavros Spiliopoulos
- Interventional Radiology Department, Attikon
University Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Elias Brountzos
- Interventional Radiology Department, Attikon
University Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Sándor Nardai
- Department of Neurointerventions, National
Institute of Mental Health, Neurology and Neurosurgery, Section of
Neurointervention, Department of Neurosurgery, Semmelweis University,
Budapest, Hungary
| | - Nitin Goyal
- Department of Neurology, The University of
Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of
Tennessee Health Science Center and Semmes Murphey Neurologic and Spine
Clinic. Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Diana Aguiar De Sousa
- Stroke Center, Lisbon Central University
Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisbon,
Portugal
| | - Daniel Strbian
- Neurological Research Unit, University Medical
Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Valeria Caso
- Neurology Unit, ‘M. Bufalini’ Hospital-AUSL
Romagna, Cesena, Italy
| | - Andrei Alexandrov
- Department of Neurology, The University of
Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Georgios Tsivgoulis
- Second Department of Neurology, Attikon
University Hospital, Rimini 1, Chaidari, 124 62 Athens, Greece
- School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian
University of Athens, Athens, Greece
- Department of Neurology, The University of
Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
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25
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Tsivgoulis G, Palaiodimou L, Triantafyllou S, Köhrmann M, Dilaveris P, Tsioufis K, Magiorkinis G, Krogias C, Schellinger PD, Caso V, Paciaroni M, Sharma M, Lemmens R, Gladstone DJ, Sanna T, Wachter R, Filippatos G, Katsanos AH. Prolonged cardiac monitoring for stroke prevention: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized-controlled clinical trials. Eur Stroke J 2022; 8:106-116. [PMID: 37021198 PMCID: PMC10069201 DOI: 10.1177/23969873221139410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Prolonged cardiac monitoring (PCM) substantially improves the detection of subclinical atrial fibrillation (AF) among patients with history of ischemic stroke (IS), leading to prompt initiation of anticoagulants. However, whether PCM may lead to IS prevention remains equivocal. Patients and methods: In this systematic review and meta-analysis, randomized-controlled clinical trials (RCTs) reporting IS rates among patients with known cardiovascular risk factors, including but not limited to history of IS, who received PCM for more than 7 days versus more conservative cardiac rhythm monitoring methods were pooled. Results: Seven RCTs were included comprising a total of 9048 patients with at least one known cardiovascular risk factor that underwent cardiac rhythm monitoring. PCM was associated with reduction of IS occurrence compared to conventional monitoring (Risk Ratio: 0.76; 95% CI: 0.59–0.96; I2 = 0%). This association was also significant in the subgroup of RCTs investigating implantable cardiac monitoring (Risk Ratio: 0.75; 95% CI: 0.58–0.97; I2 = 0%). However, when RCTs assessing PCM in both primary and secondary prevention settings were excluded or when RCTs investigating PCM with a duration of 7 days or less were included, the association between PCM and reduction of IS did not retain its statistical significance. Regarding the secondary outcomes, PCM was related to higher likelihood for AF detection and anticoagulant initiation. No association was documented between PCM and IS/transient ischemic attack occurrence, all-cause mortality, intracranial hemorrhage, or major bleeding. Conclusion: PCM may represent an effective stroke prevention strategy in selected patients. Additional RCTs are warranted to validate the robustness of the reported associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgios Tsivgoulis
- Second Department of Neurology, “Attikon” University Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
- Department of Neurology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Lina Palaiodimou
- Second Department of Neurology, “Attikon” University Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Sokratis Triantafyllou
- Second Department of Neurology, “Attikon” University Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Martin Köhrmann
- Department of Neurology, Universitätsklinikum Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Polychronis Dilaveris
- First Department of Cardiology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Hippokration Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Tsioufis
- First Department of Cardiology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Hippokration Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Gkikas Magiorkinis
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Christos Krogias
- Department of Neurology, St. Josef-Hospital, Ruhr University, Bochum, Germany
| | - Peter D Schellinger
- Department of Neurology and Neurogeriatry, Johannes Wesling Medical Center, Ruhr University Bochum, Minden, Germany
| | - Valeria Caso
- Stroke Unit, Santa Maria Della Misericordia Hospital, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Maurizio Paciaroni
- Stroke Unit, Santa Maria Della Misericordia Hospital, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Mukul Sharma
- Division of Neurology, McMaster University and Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Robin Lemmens
- Department of Neurosciences, Experimental Neurology and Leuven Research Institute for Neuroscience and Disease (LIND), KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Center for Brain & Disease Research, Laboratory of Neurobiology, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Neurology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - David J Gladstone
- Sunnybrook Research Institute and Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Tommaso Sanna
- Fondazione Policlinico Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Institute of Cardiology, Rome, Italy
| | - Rolf Wachter
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Clinic for Cardiology and Pneumology, University Medicine Göttingen, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Göttingen, Germany
| | - Gerasimos Filippatos
- Second Department of Cardiology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
| | - Aristeidis H Katsanos
- Division of Neurology, McMaster University and Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, ON, Canada
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Romoli M, Matteo E, Migliaccio L, Gentile M, Mosconi MG, Scura GM, Naccarato M, Colangeli E, Candelaresi P, Andreone V, Giammello F, Fortunata Musolino R, Dell’Aera C, Sepe FN, Pronello E, Barbarini L, Caggiula M, Rizzo F, Petruzzellis M, Giorli E, Zedde ML, Anticoli S, Mangiardi M, Muto M, Diana F, De Angelis MV, Digiovanni A, Concari L, La Gioia S, Sessa M, Biguzzi S, Cordici F, Longoni M, Ruggiero M, Cenciarelli S, Eusebi P, Sacco S, Caso V, Paciaroni M, Ricci S, Zini A, Toni D, Giannandrea D. Thrombolysis after dabigatran reversal: A nation-wide Italian multicentre study, systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur Stroke J 2022; 8:117-124. [PMID: 37021155 PMCID: PMC10069212 DOI: 10.1177/23969873221131635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Recent anticoagulant intake represents a contraindication for thrombolysis in acute ischemic stroke. Idarucizumab reverses the anticoagulant effect of dabigatran, potentially allowing for thrombolysis. This nation-wide observational cohort study, systematic review, and meta-analysis evaluated the efficacy and safety of thrombolysis preceded by dabigatran-reversal in people with acute ischemic stroke. Patients and methods: We recruited people undergoing thrombolysis following dabigatran-reversal at 17 stroke centers in Italy (reversal-group), people on dabigatran treated with thrombolysis without reversal (no-reversal group), and age, sex, hypertension, stroke severity, and reperfusion treatment-matched controls in 1:7 ratio (control-group). We compared groups for symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (sICH, main outcome), any brain hemorrhage, good functional outcome (mRS 0–2 at 3 months), and death. The systematic review followed a predefined protocol (CRD42017060274), and odds ratio (OR) meta-analysis was implemented to compare groups. Results: Thirty-nine patients in dabigatran-reversal group and 300 matched controls were included. Reversal was associated with a non-significant increase in sICH (10.3% vs 6%, aOR = 1.32, 95% CI = 0.39–4.52), death (17.9% vs 10%, aOR = 0.77, 95% CI = 0.12–4.93) and good functional outcome (64.1% vs 52.8%, aOR = 1.41, 95% CI = 0.63–3.19). No hemorrhagic events or deaths were registered in no-reversal group (n = 12). Pooling data from 3 studies after systematic review (n = 1879), reversal carried a non-significant trend for sICH (OR = 1.53, 95% CI = 0.67–3.50), death (OR = 1.53, 95% CI = 0.73–3.24) and good functional outcome (OR = 2.46, 95% CI = 0.85–7.16). Discussion and conclusion: People treated with reperfusion strategies after dabigatran reversal with idarucizumab seem to have a marginal increase in the risk of sICH but comparable functional recovery to matched patients with stroke. Further studies are needed to define treatment cost-effectiveness and potential thresholds in plasma dabigatran concentration for reversal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Romoli
- Neurology and Stroke Unit, Department of Neuroscience, Bufalini Hospital, Cesena, Italy
| | - Eleonora Matteo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Neuromotorie (DIBINEM), Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Ludovica Migliaccio
- IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Neurologia e Rete Stroke Metropolitana, Bologna, Italy
| | - Mauro Gentile
- IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Neurologia e Rete Stroke Metropolitana, Bologna, Italy
| | - Maria Giulia Mosconi
- Medicina Vascolare e d’Urgenza, Stroke Unit, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Ospedale S. Maria della Misericordia, Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Maria Scura
- Medicina Vascolare e d’Urgenza, Stroke Unit, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Ospedale S. Maria della Misericordia, Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Marcello Naccarato
- Neurology and Stroke Unit, Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Giuliano Isontina, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Enrico Colangeli
- University of L’Aquila, Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, L’Aquila, Italy
| | - Paolo Candelaresi
- UOC Neurologia e Stroke Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera di Rilievo Nazionale Antonio Cardarelli, Napoli, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Andreone
- UOC Neurologia e Stroke Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera di Rilievo Nazionale Antonio Cardarelli, Napoli, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Giammello
- Stroke Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Rosa Fortunata Musolino
- Stroke Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Cristina Dell’Aera
- Stroke Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | | | - Edoardo Pronello
- Stroke Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera SS. Antonio e Biagio e Cesare Arrigo, Alessandria, Italy
| | | | | | - Federica Rizzo
- UOC Neurologia e Stroke Unit “F. Puca” AOU Consorziale Policlinico Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Marco Petruzzellis
- UOC Neurologia e Stroke Unit “F. Puca” AOU Consorziale Policlinico Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Elisa Giorli
- SC Neurologia, Ospedale S. Andrea, La Spezia, Italy
| | - Maria Luisa Zedde
- S.C Neurologia, Stroke Unit, Azienda USL, IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Sabrina Anticoli
- Stroke Unit, Head, Neck and Neuroscience Department, San Camillo Forlanini Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Marilena Mangiardi
- Stroke Unit, Head, Neck and Neuroscience Department, San Camillo Forlanini Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Mario Muto
- UOC Neuroradiologia diagnostica ed interventistica, Azienda Ospedaliera di Rilievo Nazionale Antonio Cardarelli, Napoli, Italy
| | - Francesco Diana
- Neuroradioly, University Hospital San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi D’Aragona, Salerno, Italy
| | | | - Anna Digiovanni
- Department of Neurology, SS Annunziata Hospital, Chieti, Italy
| | - Letizia Concari
- SC Neurologia, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria di Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Sara La Gioia
- UOC Neurologia, Stroke Unit, ASST Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Maria Sessa
- UOC Neurologia, Stroke Unit, ASST Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Sara Biguzzi
- Neurology and Stroke Unit, Department of Neuroscience, Bufalini Hospital, Cesena, Italy
| | - Francesco Cordici
- Neurology and Stroke Unit, Department of Neuroscience, Bufalini Hospital, Cesena, Italy
| | - Marco Longoni
- Neurology and Stroke Unit, Department of Neuroscience, Bufalini Hospital, Cesena, Italy
| | | | - Silvia Cenciarelli
- Neurologia e Stroke Unit, Ospedale di Gubbio e Città di Castello, USL Umbria 1, Perugia, Italy
| | - Paolo Eusebi
- Umbria Regional Health Authority, Perugia, Italy
| | - Simona Sacco
- University of L’Aquila, Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, L’Aquila, Italy
| | - Valeria Caso
- Medicina Vascolare e d’Urgenza, Stroke Unit, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Ospedale S. Maria della Misericordia, Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Maurizio Paciaroni
- Medicina Vascolare e d’Urgenza, Stroke Unit, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Ospedale S. Maria della Misericordia, Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Stefano Ricci
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Neuromotorie (DIBINEM), Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Andrea Zini
- IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Neurologia e Rete Stroke Metropolitana, Bologna, Italy
| | - Danilo Toni
- Stroke Unit, Emergency Department, Sapienza University of Rome, Roma, Italy
| | - David Giannandrea
- Neurologia e Stroke Unit, Ospedale di Gubbio e Città di Castello, USL Umbria 1, Perugia, Italy
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Shoamanesh A, Mundl H, Smith EE, Masjuan J, Milanov I, Hirano T, Agafina A, Campbell B, Caso V, Mas JL, Dong Q, Turcani P, Christensen H, Ferro JM, Veltkamp R, Mikulik R, De Marchis GM, Robinson T, Lemmens R, Stepien A, Greisenegger S, Roine R, Csiba L, Khatri P, Coutinho J, Lindgren AG, Demchuk AM, Colorado P, Kirsch B, Neumann C, Heenan L, Xu L, Connolly SJ, Hart RG. Factor XIa inhibition with asundexian after acute non-cardioembolic ischaemic stroke (PACIFIC-Stroke): an international, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 2b trial. Lancet 2022; 400:997-1007. [PMID: 36063821 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(22)01588-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Asundexian (Bayer AG, Leverkusen, Germany), an oral small molecule factor XIa (FXIa) inhibitor, might prevent thrombosis without increasing bleeding. Asundexian's effect for secondary prevention of recurrent stroke is unknown. METHODS In this randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 2b dose-finding trial (PACIFIC-Stroke), patients with acute (within 48 h) non-cardioembolic ischaemic stroke were recruited from 196 hospitals in 23 countries. Patients were eligible if they were aged 45 years or older, to be treated with antiplatelet therapy, and able to have a baseline MRI (either before or within 72 h of randomisation). Eligible participants were randomly assigned (1:1:1:1), using an interactive web-based response system and stratified according to anticipated antiplatelet therapy (single vs dual), to once daily oral asundexian (BAY 2433334) 10 mg, 20 mg, or 50 mg, or placebo in addition to usual antiplatelet therapy, and were followed up during treatment for 26-52 weeks. Brain MRIs were obtained at study entry and at 26 weeks or as soon as possible after treatment discontinuation. The primary efficacy outcome was the dose-response effect on the composite of incident MRI-detected covert brain infarcts and recurrent symptomatic ischaemic stroke at or before 26 weeks after randomisation. The primary safety outcome was major or clinically relevant non-major bleeding as defined by International Society on Thrombosis and Haemostasis criteria. The efficacy outcome was assessed in all participants assigned to treatment, and the safety outcome was assessed in all participants who received at least one dose of study treatment. This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04304508, and is now complete. FINDINGS Between June 15, 2020, and July 22, 2021, 1880 patients were screened and 1808 participants were randomly assigned to asundexian 10 mg (n=455), 20 mg (n=450), or 50 mg (n=447), or placebo (n=456). Mean age was 67 years (SD 10) and 615 (34%) participants were women, 1193 (66%) were men, 1505 (83%) were White, and 268 (15%) were Asian. The mean time from index stroke to randomisation was 36 h (SD 10) and median baseline National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score was 2·0 (IQR 1·0-4·0). 783 (43%) participants received dual antiplatelet treatment for a mean duration of 70·1 days (SD 113·4) after randomisation. At 26 weeks, the primary efficacy outcome was observed in 87 (19%) of 456 participants in the placebo group versus 86 (19%) of 455 in the asundexian 10 mg group (crude incidence ratio 0·99 [90% CI 0·79-1·24]), 99 (22%) of 450 in the asundexian 20 mg group (1·15 [0·93-1·43]), and 90 (20%) of 447 in the asundexian 50 mg group (1·06 [0·85-1·32]; t statistic -0·68; p=0·80). The primary safety outcome was observed in 11 (2%) of 452 participants in the placebo group versus 19 (4%) of 445 in the asundexian 10 mg group, 14 (3%) of 446 in the asundexian 20 mg group, and 19 (4%) of 443 in the asundexian 50 mg group (all asundexian doses pooled vs placebo hazard ratio 1·57 [90% CI 0·91-2·71]). INTERPRETATION In this phase 2b trial, FXIa inhibition with asundexian did not reduce the composite of covert brain infarction or ischaemic stroke and did not increase the composite of major or clinically relevant non-major bleeding compared with placebo in patients with acute, non-cardioembolic ischaemic stroke. FUNDING Bayer AG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashkan Shoamanesh
- Division of Neurology, McMaster University, Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
| | - Hardi Mundl
- TA Thrombosis and Vascular Medicine, Bayer AG, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Eric E Smith
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; Department of Radiology, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Jaime Masjuan
- Neurology Department, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain; Departamento de Medicina, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Alcalá, IRYCIS, RICORS-ICTUS, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ivan Milanov
- Medical University, University Hospital for Neurology and Psychiatry "St Naum", Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Teruyuki Hirano
- Department of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyorin University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Alina Agafina
- Clinical Research Department, City Hospital #40, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Bruce Campbell
- Department of Medicine and Neurology, Melbourne Brain Centre at the Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Valeria Caso
- Stroke Unit, Santa Maria della Misericordia Hospital, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Jean-Louis Mas
- Department of Neurology, GHU Paris, Hôpital Sainte-Anne, Université Paris-Cité, Inserm U1266, Paris, France
| | - Qiang Dong
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Peter Turcani
- 1st Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Hanne Christensen
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Copenhagen, Bispebjerg, Denmark
| | - Jose M Ferro
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Roland Veltkamp
- Neurology Department, Alfried-Krupp Hospital, Essen, Germany
| | - Robert Mikulik
- International Clinical Research Center and Neurology Department, St Anne's University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic; Medical Faculty, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Gian Marco De Marchis
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, University Hospital of Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Robin Lemmens
- Department of Neurosciences, Experimental Neurology, KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; VIB-KU Leuven Center for Brain and Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Neurology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Adam Stepien
- Department of Neurology, Military Institute of Medicine, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Risto Roine
- Division of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Laszlo Csiba
- DE Clinical Center (DEKK), Health Service Units, Clinics, Department of Neurology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Pooja Khatri
- Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Jonathan Coutinho
- Department of Neurology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Arne G Lindgren
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund (Neurology), Lund University, Lund, Sweden; Department of Neurology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Andrew M Demchuk
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; Department of Radiology, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | | | - Bodo Kirsch
- Statistics and Data Insights, Bayer AG, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Laura Heenan
- Department of Statistics, McMaster University, Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Lizhen Xu
- Department of Statistics, McMaster University, Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Stuart J Connolly
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Robert G Hart
- Division of Neurology, McMaster University, Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, ON, Canada
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28
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Carcel C, Caso V, Aguiar de Sousa D, Sandset EC. Sex differences in neurovascular disorders. Int Rev Neurobiol 2022; 164:69-99. [PMID: 36038210 DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2022.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Neurovascular disorders is a heterogenous group of diseases, including one of the most time critical disorders in emergency medicine; stroke. Sex differences are extensively described in neurovascular disorders, ranging from differences in symptom presentation, risk factors, treatment and outcomes. For example, women with stroke, more often present with generalized weakness, reduced consciousness and headache than men. Furthermore, there are differences in risk factors, outcomes and in the effect of secondary prevention. Women have a higher risk of cerebral venous thrombosis and developing cerebral aneurysms. In general, women have been underrepresented in trials on neurovascular disorders. This chapter provides an extensive overview of sex differences in stroke in general and in the differences specially seen in ischemic stroke, intracerebral hemorrhage, subarachnoid hemorrhage and in cerebral venous thrombosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheryl Carcel
- The George Institute for Global Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Sydney School of Public Health, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Valeria Caso
- Stroke Unit, Santa Maria della Misericordia Hospital University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Diana Aguiar de Sousa
- Stroke Center, Lisbon Central University Hospital, Lisbon, Portugal; CEEM and Institute of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Else Charlotte Sandset
- Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; The Norwegian Air Ambulance Foundation, Oslo, Norway.
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Gdovinova Z, Kremer C, Lorenzano S, Dawson J, Lal A, Caso V. Aspirin for Primary Stroke Prevention; Evidence for a Differential Effect in Men and Women. Front Neurol 2022; 13:856239. [PMID: 35800088 PMCID: PMC9254866 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.856239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The use of aspirin for primary prevention of cardiovascular events in men and women remains controversial. Our study aimed to investigate the role of aspirin in primary stroke prevention in men and women and the effect of aspirin on risk of ischemic stroke in patients with covert cerebral small vessel disease (ccSVD). Methods We performed systematic searches of the PubMed, and Cochrane Library databases, covering the period from the inception of each database to May 2021. The incidence of any ischemic stroke (IS) or hemorrhagic stroke (HS) was the main outcome. The incidence of stroke overall, both ischemic (IS) and hemorrhagic (HS), was the main outcome. Results From 531 abstracts, 11 randomized control trials which assessed primary prevention of cardiovascular events in men and women were included. Only one study assessed the risk of aspirin in people with ccSVD. In women, there was significant decrease in the risk of stroke (OR 0.85 [95% CI 0.73, 0.99], p = 0.03) and IS (OR 0.76 [0.63, 0.93], p = 0.008) with aspirin compared to placebo while no increase in the risk of HS was found (OR 1.78 [0.61, 5.19], p = 0.29). In men, aspirin did not affect the risk of stroke (OR 1.13 [0.97, 1.31], p = 0.12) and IS (OR 0.94 [0.67, 1.32], p = 0.72) but increased the risk of HS with borderline statistical significance (OR 1.99 [0.99, 4.03], p = 0.05) compared to placebo. Aspirin significantly increased major bleedings in both sexes (p < 0.05). We found no evidence to support the use of aspirin in patients with ccSVD. Conclusion Our meta-analysis suggests aspirin is effective in primary prevention of stroke and IS in women with no clear increased risk of HS. However, it was associated with an overall increased risk of bleeding. Aspirin is not recommended in ccSVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuzana Gdovinova
- Neurology Department, Faculty of Medicine P.J. Safarik University Košice, L. Pasteur University Hospital, Košice, Slovakia
- *Correspondence: Zuzana Gdovinova
| | - Christine Kremer
- Neurology Department, Skåne University Hospital, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Svetlana Lorenzano
- Department of Human Neurosciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Jesse Dawson
- College of Medical, Veterinary & Life Sciences, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Avtar Lal
- European Stroke Organisation (ESO), Basel, Switzerland
| | - Valeria Caso
- Stroke Unit, Santa Maria della Misericordia Hospital, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
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Mosconi MG, Capponi A, Pierini P, Caso V, Paciaroni M. Safety and efficacy of intravenous thrombolysis in patients with acute stroke and active cancer: retrospective cohort study. Neurol Sci 2022; 43:4003-4006. [PMID: 35325319 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-022-06026-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Giulia Mosconi
- Internal, Vascular and Emergency Medicine-Stroke Unit, Università Degli Studi Di Perugia/Azienda Ospedaliera Santa Maria Della Misericordia, 06129, Perugia, Italy.
| | - Andrea Capponi
- Internal, Vascular and Emergency Medicine-Stroke Unit, Università Degli Studi Di Perugia/Azienda Ospedaliera Santa Maria Della Misericordia, 06129, Perugia, Italy
| | - Patrizia Pierini
- Internal, Vascular and Emergency Medicine-Stroke Unit, Università Degli Studi Di Perugia/Azienda Ospedaliera Santa Maria Della Misericordia, 06129, Perugia, Italy
| | - Valeria Caso
- Internal, Vascular and Emergency Medicine-Stroke Unit, Università Degli Studi Di Perugia/Azienda Ospedaliera Santa Maria Della Misericordia, 06129, Perugia, Italy
| | - Maurizio Paciaroni
- Internal, Vascular and Emergency Medicine-Stroke Unit, Università Degli Studi Di Perugia/Azienda Ospedaliera Santa Maria Della Misericordia, 06129, Perugia, Italy
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31
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Paciaroni M, Caso V, Agnelli G, Mosconi MG, Giustozzi M, Seiffge DJ, Engelter ST, Lyrer P, Polymeris AA, Kriemler L, Zietz A, Putaala J, Strbian D, Tomppo L, Michel P, Strambo D, Salerno A, Remillard S, Buehrer M, Bavaud O, Vanacker P, Zuurbier S, Yperzeele L, Loos CMJ, Cappellari M, Emiliani A, Zedde M, Abdul-Rahim A, Dawson J, Cronshaw R, Schirinzi E, Del Sette M, Stretz C, Kala N, Reznik M, Schomer A, Grory BM, Jayaraman M, McTaggart R, Yaghi S, Furie KL, Masotti L, Grifoni E, Toni D, Risitano A, Falcou A, Petraglia L, Lotti EM, Padroni M, Pavolucci L, Lochner P, Silvestrelli G, Ciccone A, Alberti A, Venti M, Traballi L, Urbini C, Kargiotis O, Rocco A, Diomedi M, Marcheselli S, Caliandro P, Zauli A, Reale G, Antonenko K, Rota E, Tassinari T, Saia V, Palmerini F, Aridon P, Arnao V, Monaco S, Cottone S, Baldi A, D'Amore C, Ageno W, Pegoraro S, Ntaios G, Sagris D, Giannopoulos S, Kosmidou M, Ntais E, Romoli M, Pantoni L, Rosa S, Bertora P, Chiti A, Canavero I, Saggese CE, Plocco M, Giorli E, Palaiodimou L, Bakola E, Tsivgoulis G, Bandini F, Gasparro A, Terruso V, Mannino M, Pezzini A, Ornello R, Sacco S, Popovic N, Scoditti U, Genovese A, Denti L, Flomin Y, Mancuso M, Ferrari E, Caselli MC, Ulivi L, Giannini N, De Marchis GM. Recurrent Ischemic Stroke and Bleeding in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation Who Suffered an Acute Stroke While on Treatment With Nonvitamin K Antagonist Oral Anticoagulants: The RENO-EXTEND Study. Stroke 2022; 53:2620-2627. [PMID: 35543133 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.121.038239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In patients with atrial fibrillation who suffered an ischemic stroke while on treatment with nonvitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants, rates and determinants of recurrent ischemic events and major bleedings remain uncertain. METHODS This prospective multicenter observational study aimed to estimate the rates of ischemic and bleeding events and their determinants in the follow-up of consecutive patients with atrial fibrillation who suffered an acute cerebrovascular ischemic event while on nonvitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulant treatment. Afterwards, we compared the estimated risks of ischemic and bleeding events between the patients in whom anticoagulant therapy was changed to those who continued the original treatment. RESULTS After a mean follow-up time of 15.0±10.9 months, 192 out of 1240 patients (15.5%) had 207 ischemic or bleeding events corresponding to an annual rate of 13.4%. Among the events, 111 were ischemic strokes, 15 systemic embolisms, 24 intracranial bleedings, and 57 major extracranial bleedings. Predictive factors of recurrent ischemic events (strokes and systemic embolisms) included CHA2DS2-VASc score after the index event (odds ratio [OR], 1.2 [95% CI, 1.0-1.3] for each point increase; P=0.05) and hypertension (OR, 2.3 [95% CI, 1.0-5.1]; P=0.04). Predictive factors of bleeding events (intracranial and major extracranial bleedings) included age (OR, 1.1 [95% CI, 1.0-1.2] for each year increase; P=0.002), history of major bleeding (OR, 6.9 [95% CI, 3.4-14.2]; P=0.0001) and the concomitant administration of an antiplatelet agent (OR, 2.8 [95% CI, 1.4-5.5]; P=0.003). Rates of ischemic and bleeding events were no different in patients who changed or not changed the original nonvitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants treatment (OR, 1.2 [95% CI, 0.8-1.7]). CONCLUSIONS Patients suffering a stroke despite being on nonvitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulant therapy are at high risk of recurrent ischemic stroke and bleeding. In these patients, further research is needed to improve secondary prevention by investigating the mechanisms of recurrent ischemic stroke and bleeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurizio Paciaroni
- Neurology, Stroke Unit, IRCCS MultiMedica, Milano, Italy (M. Paciaroni).,Stroke Unit, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Perugia, Italy (M. Paciaroni, V.C., G.A., M.G.M., M.G., A.A., M.V., L.T., C.U.)
| | - Valeria Caso
- Stroke Unit, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Perugia, Italy (M. Paciaroni, V.C., G.A., M.G.M., M.G., A.A., M.V., L.T., C.U.)
| | - Giancarlo Agnelli
- Stroke Unit, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Perugia, Italy (M. Paciaroni, V.C., G.A., M.G.M., M.G., A.A., M.V., L.T., C.U.)
| | - Maria Giulia Mosconi
- Stroke Unit, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Perugia, Italy (M. Paciaroni, V.C., G.A., M.G.M., M.G., A.A., M.V., L.T., C.U.)
| | - Michela Giustozzi
- Stroke Unit, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Perugia, Italy (M. Paciaroni, V.C., G.A., M.G.M., M.G., A.A., M.V., L.T., C.U.)
| | - David Julian Seiffge
- Department of Neurology, Stroke Center, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Switzerland (D.J.S., S.T.E., P. Lyrer, A.A.P., L.K., A. Zietz, G.M.D.M.).,Department of Neurology, Inselspital University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland (D.J.S.)
| | - Stefan T Engelter
- Department of Neurology, Stroke Center, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Switzerland (D.J.S., S.T.E., P. Lyrer, A.A.P., L.K., A. Zietz, G.M.D.M.)
| | - Philippe Lyrer
- Department of Neurology, Stroke Center, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Switzerland (D.J.S., S.T.E., P. Lyrer, A.A.P., L.K., A. Zietz, G.M.D.M.)
| | - Alexandros A Polymeris
- Department of Neurology, Stroke Center, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Switzerland (D.J.S., S.T.E., P. Lyrer, A.A.P., L.K., A. Zietz, G.M.D.M.)
| | - Lilian Kriemler
- Department of Neurology, Stroke Center, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Switzerland (D.J.S., S.T.E., P. Lyrer, A.A.P., L.K., A. Zietz, G.M.D.M.)
| | - Annaelle Zietz
- Department of Neurology, Stroke Center, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Switzerland (D.J.S., S.T.E., P. Lyrer, A.A.P., L.K., A. Zietz, G.M.D.M.)
| | - Jukka Putaala
- Department of Neurology, Helsinki University Hospital and Neurosciences University of Helsinki, Finland (J.P., D. Strbian, L.T.)
| | - Daniel Strbian
- Department of Neurology, Helsinki University Hospital and Neurosciences University of Helsinki, Finland (J.P., D. Strbian, L.T.)
| | - Liisa Tomppo
- Department of Neurology, Helsinki University Hospital and Neurosciences University of Helsinki, Finland (J.P., D. Strbian, L.T.)
| | - Patrik Michel
- Stroke Center, Neurology Service, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, Switzerland (P.M., D. Strambo, A. Salerno, S.R., M.B., O.B.)
| | - Davide Strambo
- Stroke Center, Neurology Service, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, Switzerland (P.M., D. Strambo, A. Salerno, S.R., M.B., O.B.)
| | - Alexander Salerno
- Stroke Center, Neurology Service, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, Switzerland (P.M., D. Strambo, A. Salerno, S.R., M.B., O.B.)
| | - Suzette Remillard
- Stroke Center, Neurology Service, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, Switzerland (P.M., D. Strambo, A. Salerno, S.R., M.B., O.B.)
| | - Manuela Buehrer
- Stroke Center, Neurology Service, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, Switzerland (P.M., D. Strambo, A. Salerno, S.R., M.B., O.B.)
| | - Odessa Bavaud
- Stroke Center, Neurology Service, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, Switzerland (P.M., D. Strambo, A. Salerno, S.R., M.B., O.B.)
| | - Peter Vanacker
- NeuroVascular Center, Stroke Unit Antwerp, Department of Neurology, Antwerp University Hospital, Belgium (P.V., S.Z., L.Y., C.M.J.L.).,Translational Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Belgium (P.V., S.Z., L.Y., C.M.J.L.).,Groeninge Hospital, Kortrijk, Belgium (P.V.)
| | - Susanna Zuurbier
- NeuroVascular Center, Stroke Unit Antwerp, Department of Neurology, Antwerp University Hospital, Belgium (P.V., S.Z., L.Y., C.M.J.L.).,Translational Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Belgium (P.V., S.Z., L.Y., C.M.J.L.)
| | - Laetitia Yperzeele
- NeuroVascular Center, Stroke Unit Antwerp, Department of Neurology, Antwerp University Hospital, Belgium (P.V., S.Z., L.Y., C.M.J.L.).,Translational Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Belgium (P.V., S.Z., L.Y., C.M.J.L.)
| | - Caroline M J Loos
- NeuroVascular Center, Stroke Unit Antwerp, Department of Neurology, Antwerp University Hospital, Belgium (P.V., S.Z., L.Y., C.M.J.L.).,Translational Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Belgium (P.V., S.Z., L.Y., C.M.J.L.)
| | - Manuel Cappellari
- Stroke Unit, DAI di Neuroscienze, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata, Verona, Italy (M.C., A.E.)
| | - Andrea Emiliani
- Stroke Unit, DAI di Neuroscienze, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata, Verona, Italy (M.C., A.E.)
| | | | - Azmil Abdul-Rahim
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom (A.A.-R., J.D., R.C.)
| | - Jesse Dawson
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom (A.A.-R., J.D., R.C.)
| | - Robert Cronshaw
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom (A.A.-R., J.D., R.C.)
| | - Erika Schirinzi
- Struttura Complessa di Neurologia, Ente Ospedaliero Ospedali Galliera, Genoa, Italy (E.S., M.D.S.)
| | - Massimo Del Sette
- Struttura Complessa di Neurologia, Ente Ospedaliero Ospedali Galliera, Genoa, Italy (E.S., M.D.S.)
| | - Christoph Stretz
- Department of Neurology, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI (C.S., N.K., M. Reznik, A. Schomer, B.M.G., M.J., R.M., S.Y., K.L.F.)
| | - Narendra Kala
- Department of Neurology, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI (C.S., N.K., M. Reznik, A. Schomer, B.M.G., M.J., R.M., S.Y., K.L.F.)
| | - Michael Reznik
- Department of Neurology, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI (C.S., N.K., M. Reznik, A. Schomer, B.M.G., M.J., R.M., S.Y., K.L.F.)
| | - Ashley Schomer
- Department of Neurology, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI (C.S., N.K., M. Reznik, A. Schomer, B.M.G., M.J., R.M., S.Y., K.L.F.)
| | - Brian Mac Grory
- Department of Neurology, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI (C.S., N.K., M. Reznik, A. Schomer, B.M.G., M.J., R.M., S.Y., K.L.F.).,Department of Neurology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC (B.M.G.)
| | - Mahesh Jayaraman
- Department of Neurology, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI (C.S., N.K., M. Reznik, A. Schomer, B.M.G., M.J., R.M., S.Y., K.L.F.)
| | - Ryan McTaggart
- Department of Neurology, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI (C.S., N.K., M. Reznik, A. Schomer, B.M.G., M.J., R.M., S.Y., K.L.F.)
| | - Shadi Yaghi
- Department of Neurology, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI (C.S., N.K., M. Reznik, A. Schomer, B.M.G., M.J., R.M., S.Y., K.L.F.)
| | - Karen L Furie
- Department of Neurology, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI (C.S., N.K., M. Reznik, A. Schomer, B.M.G., M.J., R.M., S.Y., K.L.F.)
| | - Luca Masotti
- Internal Medicine, San Giuseppe Hospital, Empoli, Italy (L.M., E. Grifoni)
| | - Elisa Grifoni
- Internal Medicine, San Giuseppe Hospital, Empoli, Italy (L.M., E. Grifoni)
| | - Danilo Toni
- Department of Human Neurosciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy (D.T., A. Risitano, L. Petraglia)
| | - Angela Risitano
- Department of Human Neurosciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy (D.T., A. Risitano, L. Petraglia)
| | - Anne Falcou
- Stroke Unit, Emergency Department, Policlinico Umberto I, Rome, Italy (A.F.)
| | - Luca Petraglia
- Department of Human Neurosciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy (D.T., A. Risitano, L. Petraglia)
| | - Enrico Maria Lotti
- U.O. Neurologia Presidio Ospedaliero di Ravenna Azienda USL della Romagna, Italy (E.M.L., M. Padroni, L. Pavolucci)
| | - Marina Padroni
- U.O. Neurologia Presidio Ospedaliero di Ravenna Azienda USL della Romagna, Italy (E.M.L., M. Padroni, L. Pavolucci)
| | - Lucia Pavolucci
- U.O. Neurologia Presidio Ospedaliero di Ravenna Azienda USL della Romagna, Italy (E.M.L., M. Padroni, L. Pavolucci)
| | - Piergiorgio Lochner
- Department of Neurology, Saarland University, Medical Center, Homburg, Germany (P. Lochner)
| | - Giorgio Silvestrelli
- S.C. di Neurologia e S.S. di Stroke Unit, ASST di Mantova, Italy (G.S., A. Ciccone)
| | - Alfonso Ciccone
- S.C. di Neurologia e S.S. di Stroke Unit, ASST di Mantova, Italy (G.S., A. Ciccone)
| | - Andrea Alberti
- Stroke Unit, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Perugia, Italy (M. Paciaroni, V.C., G.A., M.G.M., M.G., A.A., M.V., L.T., C.U.)
| | - Michele Venti
- Stroke Unit, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Perugia, Italy (M. Paciaroni, V.C., G.A., M.G.M., M.G., A.A., M.V., L.T., C.U.)
| | - Laura Traballi
- Stroke Unit, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Perugia, Italy (M. Paciaroni, V.C., G.A., M.G.M., M.G., A.A., M.V., L.T., C.U.)
| | - Chiara Urbini
- Stroke Unit, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Perugia, Italy (M. Paciaroni, V.C., G.A., M.G.M., M.G., A.A., M.V., L.T., C.U.)
| | | | - Alessandro Rocco
- Stroke Unit, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy (A. Rocco, M.D.)
| | - Marina Diomedi
- Stroke Unit, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy (A. Rocco, M.D.)
| | - Simona Marcheselli
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center - IRCCS, Rozzano, Milano, Italy (S. Marcheselli)
| | - Pietro Caliandro
- Neurology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy (P.C.)
| | - Aurelia Zauli
- Department of Geriatrics, Neurosciences and Orthopedics, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy (A. Zauli, G.R.)
| | - Giuseppe Reale
- Department of Geriatrics, Neurosciences and Orthopedics, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy (A. Zauli, G.R.)
| | - Kateryna Antonenko
- Department of Neurology, Bogomolets National Medical University, Kyiv, Ukraine (K.A.)
| | - Eugenia Rota
- S.C. Neurologia-Stroke Unit, Novi Ligure/Tortona, ASL Alessandria, Italy (E.R.)
| | - Tiziana Tassinari
- Department of Neurology, Stroke Unit, Santa Corona Hospital, Pietra Ligure (Savona), Italy (T.T., V.S.)
| | - Valentina Saia
- Department of Neurology, Stroke Unit, Santa Corona Hospital, Pietra Ligure (Savona), Italy (T.T., V.S.)
| | | | - Paolo Aridon
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (BiND), University of Palermo, Italy (P.A.)
| | - Valentina Arnao
- Neurologia-Stroke Unit ARNAS Civico, Palermo, Italy (V.A., S. Monaco, S.C.)
| | - Serena Monaco
- Neurologia-Stroke Unit ARNAS Civico, Palermo, Italy (V.A., S. Monaco, S.C.)
| | - Salvatore Cottone
- Neurologia-Stroke Unit ARNAS Civico, Palermo, Italy (V.A., S. Monaco, S.C.)
| | - Antonio Baldi
- Stroke Unit, Ospedale di Portogruaro, Venice, Italy (A.B., C.D.)
| | - Cataldo D'Amore
- Stroke Unit, Ospedale di Portogruaro, Venice, Italy (A.B., C.D.)
| | - Walter Ageno
- Department of Medicine, University of Insubria, Ospedale di Circolo, Varese, Italy (W.A., S.P.)
| | - Samuela Pegoraro
- Department of Medicine, University of Insubria, Ospedale di Circolo, Varese, Italy (W.A., S.P.)
| | - George Ntaios
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece (G.N., D.S.)
| | - Dimitrios Sagris
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece (G.N., D.S.)
| | - Sotirios Giannopoulos
- Department of Neurology, University of Ioannina School of Medicine, Greece (S.G., M.K., E.N.)
| | - Maria Kosmidou
- Department of Neurology, University of Ioannina School of Medicine, Greece (S.G., M.K., E.N.)
| | - Evangelos Ntais
- Department of Neurology, University of Ioannina School of Medicine, Greece (S.G., M.K., E.N.)
| | - Michele Romoli
- Neurology and Stroke Unit, Department of Neuroscience, Bufalini Hospital, Cesena, Italy (M. Romoli)
| | - Leonardo Pantoni
- L. Sacco' Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Milan, Italy (L. Pantoni, P.B.)
| | - Silvia Rosa
- Neurology Unit, ASST Fatebenefratelli - Sacco, Milan, Italy (S.R.)
| | - Pierluigi Bertora
- L. Sacco' Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Milan, Italy (L. Pantoni, P.B.)
| | - Alberto Chiti
- Neurologia, Ospedale Apuano, Massa Carrara, Italy (A. Chiti)
| | - Isabella Canavero
- Emergency Neurology, IRCCS Casimiro Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy (I.C.).,Cerebrovascular Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico "Carlo Besta," Milano, Italy (I.C.)
| | - Carlo Emanuele Saggese
- Unità di Terapia Neurovascolare. Ospedale "Fabrizio Spaziani," Frosinone, Italy (C.E.S., M.P.)
| | - Maurizio Plocco
- Unità di Terapia Neurovascolare. Ospedale "Fabrizio Spaziani," Frosinone, Italy (C.E.S., M.P.)
| | - Elisa Giorli
- Stroke Unit, Department of Neurology, Sant'Andrea Hospital, La Spezia, Italy (E. Giorli)
| | - Lina Palaiodimou
- Second Department of Neurology, "Attikon" University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Greece (L. Palaiodimou, E.B., G.T.)
| | - Eleni Bakola
- Second Department of Neurology, "Attikon" University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Greece (L. Palaiodimou, E.B., G.T.)
| | - Georgios Tsivgoulis
- Second Department of Neurology, "Attikon" University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Greece (L. Palaiodimou, E.B., G.T.)
| | - Fabio Bandini
- Department of Neurology, Ospedale San Paolo, Savona, Italy (F.B.)
| | - Antonio Gasparro
- Neurologia, Ospedali Riuniti, Palermo, Italy (A. Gasparro, V.T., M. Mannino)
| | - Valeria Terruso
- Neurologia, Ospedali Riuniti, Palermo, Italy (A. Gasparro, V.T., M. Mannino)
| | - Marina Mannino
- Neurologia, Ospedali Riuniti, Palermo, Italy (A. Gasparro, V.T., M. Mannino)
| | - Alessandro Pezzini
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Neurology Unit, University of Brescia, Italy (A.P.)
| | - Raffaele Ornello
- Neuroscience Section, Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Italy (R.O., S.S.)
| | - Simona Sacco
- Neuroscience Section, Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Italy (R.O., S.S.)
| | - Nemanja Popovic
- Clinic of Neurology, Clinical Center of Vòsvodina, University of Novi Sad, Serbia (N.P.)
| | - Umberto Scoditti
- Emergency Department, Stroke Unit, University of Parma, Italy. (U.S., A. Genovese)
| | - Antonio Genovese
- Emergency Department, Stroke Unit, University of Parma, Italy. (U.S., A. Genovese)
| | - Licia Denti
- Dipartimento Geriatrico Riabilitativo, Stroke Unit, University of Parma, Italy. (L.D.)
| | - Yuriy Flomin
- Stroke and Neurorehabilitation Unit, MC Universal Clinic 'Oberig' Kyiv, Ukraine (Y.F.)
| | - Michelangelo Mancuso
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Neurological Institute, University of Pisa, Italy (M. Mancuso, E.F., M.C.C., L.U., N.G.)
| | - Elena Ferrari
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Neurological Institute, University of Pisa, Italy (M. Mancuso, E.F., M.C.C., L.U., N.G.)
| | - Maria Chiara Caselli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Neurological Institute, University of Pisa, Italy (M. Mancuso, E.F., M.C.C., L.U., N.G.)
| | - Leonardo Ulivi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Neurological Institute, University of Pisa, Italy (M. Mancuso, E.F., M.C.C., L.U., N.G.)
| | - Nicola Giannini
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Neurological Institute, University of Pisa, Italy (M. Mancuso, E.F., M.C.C., L.U., N.G.)
| | - Gian Marco De Marchis
- Department of Neurology, Stroke Center, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Switzerland (D.J.S., S.T.E., P. Lyrer, A.A.P., L.K., A. Zietz, G.M.D.M.)
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Lattanzi S, Acampa M, Norata D, Broggi S, Caso V. A critical assessment of the current pharmacotherapy for the treatment of embolic strokes of undetermined source. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2022; 23:905-915. [PMID: 35470761 DOI: 10.1080/14656566.2022.2071125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION "Embolic stroke of undetermined source" (ESUS) is a term coined to identify non-lacunar stroke whose mechanism is likely to be embolic, and the source remains unidentified. The best antithrombotic treatment for preventing stroke recurrence in this population has not been delineated. AREAS COVERED The authors summarize and critically appraise the currently available evidence about the antithrombotic treatment for preventing stroke recurrence in patients with ESUS. Randomized trials addressing this topic were identified through MEDLINE (accessed by PubMed, as of November 2021, week 4). EXPERT OPINION Recent randomized trials have failed to demonstrate a significant benefit of direct oral anticoagulants over aspirin in reducing the recurrence of cerebral infarctions in unselected cohorts of patients with ESUS. The heterogeneity and often overlap of embolic sources may be possible explanations for the overall absence of a benefit of oral anticoagulants in ESUS as a single homogeneous entity. The results of these trials and their subgroup analyses have provided important cues to understand the pathophysiology of ESUS. They have, furthermore, increased in the interest in researchers in identifying distinct etiological phenotypes within this stroke population. There is a good rationale for ongoing and future investigations in order to tailor antithrombotic treatment according to individual features of patients with ESUS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Lattanzi
- Neurological Clinic, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Marche Polytechnic University, Ancona, Italy
| | | | - Davide Norata
- Neurological Clinic, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Marche Polytechnic University, Ancona, Italy
| | - Serena Broggi
- Neurological Clinic, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Marche Polytechnic University, Ancona, Italy
| | - Valeria Caso
- Stroke Unit, Santa Maria della Misericordia Hospital, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
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Piccini JP, Caso V, Connolly SJ, Fox KAA, Oldgren J, Jones WS, Gorog DA, Durdil V, Viethen T, Neumann C, Mundl H, Patel MR. Safety of the oral factor XIa inhibitor asundexian compared with apixaban in patients with atrial fibrillation (PACIFIC-AF): a multicentre, randomised, double-blind, double-dummy, dose-finding phase 2 study. Lancet 2022; 399:1383-1390. [PMID: 35385695 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(22)00456-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 58.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Direct-acting oral anticoagulant use for stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation is limited by bleeding concerns. Asundexian, a novel, oral small molecule activated coagulation factor XIa (FXIa) inhibitor, might reduce thrombosis with minimal effect on haemostasis. We aimed to determine the optimal dose of asundexian and to compare the incidence of bleeding with that of apixaban in patients with atrial fibrillation. METHODS In this randomised, double-blind, phase 2 dose-finding study, we compared asundexian 20 mg or 50 mg once daily with apixaban 5 mg twice daily in patients aged 45 years or older with atrial fibrillation, a CHA2DS2-VASc score of at least 2 if male or at least 3 if female, and increased bleeding risk. The study was conducted at 93 sites in 14 countries, including 12 European countries, Canada, and Japan. Participants were randomly assigned (1:1:1) to a treatment group using an interactive web response system, with randomisation stratified by whether patients were receiving a direct-acting oral anticoagulant before the study start. Masking was achieved using a double-dummy design, with participants receiving both the assigned treatment and a placebo that resembled the non-assigned treatment. The primary endpoint was the composite of major or clinically relevant non-major bleeding according to International Society on Thrombosis and Haemostasis criteria, assessed in all patients who took at least one dose of study medication. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04218266, and EudraCT, 2019-002365-35. FINDINGS Between Jan 30, 2020, and June 21, 2021, 862 patients were enrolled. 755 patients were randomly assigned to treatment. Two patients (assigned to asundexian 20 mg) never took any study medication, resulting in 753 patients being included in the analysis (249 received asundexian 20 mg, 254 received asundexian 50 g, and 250 received apixaban). The mean age of participants was 73·7 years (SD 8·3), 309 (41%) were women, 216 (29%) had chronic kidney disease, and mean CHA2DS2-VASc score was 3·9 (1·3). Asundexian 20 mg resulted in 81% inhibition of FXIa activity at trough concentrations and 90% inhibition at peak concentrations; asundexian 50 mg resulted in 92% inhibition at trough concentrations and 94% inhibition at peak concentrations. Ratios of incidence proportions for the primary endpoint were 0·50 (90% CI 0·14-1·68) for asundexian 20 mg (three events), 0·16 (0·01-0·99) for asundexian 50 mg (one event), and 0·33 (0·09-0·97) for pooled asundexian (four events) versus apixaban (six events). The rate of any adverse event occurring was similar in the three treatment groups: 118 (47%) with asundexian 20 mg, 120 (47%) with asundexian 50 mg, and 122 (49%) with apixaban. INTERPRETATION The FXIa inhibitor asundexian at doses of 20 mg and 50 mg once daily resulted in lower rates of bleeding compared with standard dosing of apixaban, with near-complete in-vivo FXIa inhibition, in patients with atrial fibrillation. FUNDING Bayer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan P Piccini
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA; Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.
| | - Valeria Caso
- University of Perugia Stroke Unit, Perugia, Italy
| | - Stuart J Connolly
- Population Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada; Hamilton Health Services, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Keith A A Fox
- Division of Medical and Radiological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Jonas Oldgren
- Uppsala Clinical Research Center, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - W Schuyler Jones
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA; Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Diana A Gorog
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK; University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, UK
| | | | | | | | | | - Manesh R Patel
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA; Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
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Raggi A, Monasta L, Beghi E, Caso V, Castelpietra G, Mondello S, Giussani G, Logroscino G, Magnani FG, Piccininni M, Pupillo E, Ricci S, Ronfani L, Santalucia P, Sattin D, Schiavolin S, Toppo C, Traini E, Steinmetz J, Nichols E, Ma R, Vos T, Feigin V, Leonardi M. Incidence, prevalence and disability associated with neurological disorders in Italy between 1990 and 2019: an analysis based on the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. J Neurol 2022; 269:2080-2098. [PMID: 34498172 PMCID: PMC9938710 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-021-10774-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neurological conditions are highly prevalent and disabling, in particular in the elderly. The Italian population has witnessed sharp ageing and we can thus expect a rising trend in the incidence, prevalence and disability of these conditions. METHODS We relied on the Global Burden of Disease 2019 study to extract Italian data on incidence, prevalence and years lived with a disability (YLDs) referred to a broad set of neurological disorders including, brain and nervous system cancers, stroke, encephalitis, meningitis, tetanus, traumatic brain injury, and spinal cord injury. We assessed changes between 1990 and 2019 in counts and age-standardized rates. RESULTS The most prevalent conditions were tension-type headache, migraine, and dementias, whereas the most disabling were migraine, dementias and traumatic brain injury. YLDs associated with neurological conditions increased by 22.5%, but decreased by 2.3% in age-standardized rates. The overall increase in prevalence and YLDs counts was stronger for non-communicable diseases with onset in old age compared to young to adult-age onset ones. The same trends were in the opposite direction when age-standardized rates were taken into account. CONCLUSIONS The increase in YLDs associated with neurological conditions is mostly due to population ageing and growth: nevertheless, lived disability and, as a consequence, impact on health systems has increased. Actions are needed to improve outcome and mitigate disability associated with neurological conditions, spanning among diagnosis, treatment, care pathways and workplace interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Raggi
- Neurology, Public Health and Disability Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Via Celoria 11, 20133, Milan, Italy.
| | - Lorenzo Monasta
- S.C.R. Epidemiologia Clinica e Ricerca Sui Servizi Sanitari, IRCCS Materno Infantile “Burlo Garofolo”, Trieste, Italy
| | - Ettore Beghi
- Department of Neurosciences, IRCCS Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Milan, Italy
| | - Valeria Caso
- Stroke Unit and Division of Internal and Cardiovascular Medicine, Università di Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Giulio Castelpietra
- Region Friuli Venezia Giulia, Central Health Directorate, Outpatient and Inpatient Care Service, Trieste, Italy
| | - Stefania Mondello
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Giorgia Giussani
- Department of Neurosciences, IRCCS Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Milan, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Logroscino
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience, and Sense Organs, Università di Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Francesca Giulia Magnani
- Neurology, Public Health and Disability Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Via Celoria 11, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Piccininni
- Institute of Public Health, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Elisabetta Pupillo
- Department of Neurosciences, IRCCS Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefano Ricci
- Neurology and Stroke Unit, USL Umbria 1, Gubbio and Cittá di Castello Hospital, Perugia, Italy
| | - Luca Ronfani
- S.C.R. Epidemiologia Clinica e Ricerca Sui Servizi Sanitari, IRCCS Materno Infantile “Burlo Garofolo”, Trieste, Italy
| | - Paola Santalucia
- Neurology and Stroke Unit, Ospedale San Giuseppe-Multimedica, Milan, Italy
| | - Davide Sattin
- Neurology, Public Health and Disability Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Via Celoria 11, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia Schiavolin
- Neurology, Public Health and Disability Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Via Celoria 11, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Claudia Toppo
- Neurology, Public Health and Disability Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Via Celoria 11, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Eugenio Traini
- S.C.R. Epidemiologia Clinica e Ricerca Sui Servizi Sanitari, IRCCS Materno Infantile “Burlo Garofolo”, Trieste, Italy,Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jaimie Steinmetz
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
| | - Emma Nichols
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
| | - Rui Ma
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
| | - Theo Vos
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
| | - Valery Feigin
- National Institute for Stroke and Applied Neurosciences, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, Australia
| | - Matilde Leonardi
- Neurology, Public Health and Disability Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Via Celoria 11, 20133 Milan, Italy
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Kremer C, Gdovinova Z, Bejot Y, Heldner MR, Zuurbier S, Walter S, Lal A, Epple C, Lorenzano S, Mono ML, Karapanayiotides T, Krishnan K, Jovanovic D, Dawson J, Caso V. European Stroke Organisation guidelines on stroke in women: Management of menopause, pregnancy and postpartum. Eur Stroke J 2022; 7:I-XIX. [PMID: 35647308 PMCID: PMC9134774 DOI: 10.1177/23969873221078696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Pregnancy, postpartum and menopause are regarded as periods women are more
vulnerable to ischaemic events. There are conflicting results regarding stroke
risk and hormone replacement therapy (HRT) during menopause. Stroke in pregnancy
is generally increasing with serious consequences for mother and child;
therefore, recommendations for acute treatment with intravenous thrombolysis
(IVT) and/or mechanical thrombectomy (MT) are needed. The aim of this guideline
is to support and guide clinicians in treatment decisions in stroke in women.
Following the “Grading of Recommendations and Assessment, Development and
Evaluation (GRADE)” approach, the guidelines were developed according to the
European Stroke Organisation (ESO) Standard Operating Procedure. Systematic
reviews and metanalyses were performed. Based on available evidence,
recommendations were provided. Where there was a lack of evidence, an expert
consensus statement was given. Low quality of evidence was found to suggest
against the use of HRT to reduce the risk of stroke (ischaemic and haemorrhagic)
in postmenopausal women. No data was available on the outcome of women with
stroke when treated with HRT. No sufficient evidence was found to provide
recommendations for treatment with IVT or MT during pregnancy, postpartum and
menstruation. The majority of members suggested that pregnant women can be
treated with IVT after assessing the benefit/risk profile on an individual
basis, all members suggested treatment with IVT during postpartum and
menstruation. All members suggested treatment with MT during pregnancy. The
guidelines highlight the need to identify evidence for stroke prevention and
acute treatment in women in more vulnerable periods of their lifetime to
generate reliable data for future guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Kremer
- Neurology Department, Clinical Sciences Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Zuzana Gdovinova
- Neurology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Safarik University Košice, Košice, Slovakia
| | - Yannick Bejot
- Dijon Stroke Registry, Pathophysiology and Epidemiology of Cerebro-Cardiovascular diseases (PEC2), University of Burgundy, University Hospital of Dijon, Dijon, France
| | - Mirjam R Heldner
- Department of Neurology, Inselspital, University Hospital and University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Susanna Zuurbier
- Department of Neurology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Silke Walter
- Department of Neurology, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Avtar Lal
- European Stroke Organisation (ESO), Basel, Switzerland
| | - Corina Epple
- Department of Neurology, Klinikum Hanau, Hanau, Germany
| | - Svetlana Lorenzano
- Department of Human Neurosciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Marie-Luise Mono
- Department of Neurology, Municipal Hospital Waid und Triemli, Zürich, University Hospital and University of Bern, Bern Switzerland
| | - Theodore Karapanayiotides
- 2nd Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Kailash Krishnan
- Stroke, Department of Acute Medicine, Queens Medical Centre, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK
| | - Dejana Jovanovic
- Department of Emergency Neurology, Neurology Clinic, Medical Faculty, University Clinical Center of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jesse Dawson
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary & Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Valeria Caso
- Stroke Unit, Santa Maria della Misericordia Hospital, University of Perugia Perugia, Italy
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Pandain JD, Panagos PD, Sebastian IA, Silva GS, Furie KL, Liu L, Owolabi MO, Caso V, Alrukn SA. Maintaining Stroke Care During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Lower- and Middle-Income Countries: World Stroke Organization Position Statement Endorsed by American Stroke Association and American Heart Association. Stroke 2022; 53:1043-1050. [DOI: 10.1161/str.0000000000000394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
For more than a year, the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has had a devastating effect on global health. High-, low, and middle-income countries are struggling to cope with the spread of newer mutant strains of the virus. Delivery of acute stroke care remains a priority despite the pandemic. In order to maintain the time-dependent processes required to optimize delivery of intravenous thrombolysis and endovascular therapy, most countries have reorganized infrastructure to optimize human resources and critical services. Low-and-middle income countries (LMIC) have strained medical resources at baseline and often face challenges in the delivery of stroke systems of care (SSOC). This position statement aims to produce pragmatic recommendations on methods to preserve the existing SSOC during COVID-19 in LMIC and propose best stroke practices that may be low cost but high impact and commonly shared across the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeyaraj D. Pandain
- Department of Neurology, Christian Medical College, Ludhiana, Punjab, India (J.D.P.)
| | - Peter D. Panagos
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO (P.D.P.)
| | - Ivy A. Sebastian
- Department of Neurology, St Stephens Hospital, New Delhi, India (I.A.S.)
| | - Gisele Sampaio Silva
- Department of Neurology, Federal University of São Paulo, Clinical Trialist/Neurology, Albert Einstein Hospital, São Paulo, Brazil (G.S.S.)
| | - Karen L. Furie
- Department of Neurology, Rhode Island Hospital Chair of Neurology, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence (K.L.F.)
| | - Liping Liu
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, China (L.L.)
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing (L.L.)
| | - Mayowa O. Owolabi
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Clinical Sciences, Director, Center for Genomic and Precision Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Nigeria (M.O.O.)
| | - Valeria Caso
- Department of Neurology, Stroke Unit, Santa Maria della Misericordia Hospital, University of Perugia, Italy (V.C.)
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Katsanos A, Palaiodimou L, Stefanou MI, Paciaroni M, Caso V, Seiffge D, De Marchis GM, Shoamanesh A, Malhotra K, Aguiar de Sousa D, Lambadiari V, Kantzanou M, VASSILOPOULOU SOPHIA, Toutouzas K, Yaghi S, Tsivgoulis G. Abstract WP209: Efficacy And Safety Of Early Anticoagulant Therapy Initiation In Patients With Acute Ischemic Stroke Related To Atrial Fibrillation: A Systematic Review And Meta-analysis. Stroke 2022. [DOI: 10.1161/str.53.suppl_1.wp209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background:
The optimal timing for the initiation of anticoagulation in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) related to atrial fibrillation (AF) remains uncertain. Observational studies assessing early anticoagulant initiation (≤14 days after index AIS) have provided conflicting results from the early use of non-vitamin K oral anticoagulants (NOACs) or vitamin K antagonists (VKAs).
Methods:
We performed a meta-analysis of prospective observational studies and RCTs to assess the efficacy and safety of early anticoagulation in AF-related AIS. We also compared the efficacy and safety between NOAC and VKA regimens. A random-effects model was used to pool the individual risk ratios (RRs) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) between the two groups. Recurrent ischemic stroke was defined as the primary outcome.
Results:
Nine eligible studies (7 observational, 2 RCTs) were identified, including 6,840 patients with AF-related AIS (pooled mean baseline NIHSS score: 5.5; 95%CI: 3.7-7.2) who received early anticoagulation. The overall ischemic stroke recurrence rate was 5% (95%CI: 3.3-7%) and differed (p=0.05) between studies reporting anticoagulation initiation within a week (2.5%, 95%CI: 0.2-7.4%) or two weeks (6.7%, 95%CI:4.6-9.1%) from index event. The corresponding proportions of patients experiencing a fatal outcome, symptomatic or asymptomatic ICH were 4% (95%CI: 1.6-7.5%), 1.2% (95%CI: 0.3-2.6%) and 13.2% (95%CI: 6.4-22.1%), respectively. Of the 2 identified RCTs, 136 and 135 patients were randomized to early anticoagulation with NOAC or VKA, respectively. Both groups had a similar risk for ischemic stroke recurrence (RR=0.78; 95%CI: 0.32, 1.91; p=0.59). No significant differences were uncovered between early NOAC or early VKA treatment initiation for the outcomes of mortality (RR=0.57; 95%CI: 0.11, 2.97; p=0.51), symptomatic ICH (RR=0.38; 95%CI: 0.02, 9.10; p=0.55) or asymptomatic ICH (RR=1.10; 95%CI: 0.73, 1.67; p=0.64).
Conclusions:
Preliminary evidence from RCTs on early anticoagulation after AF-related AIS suggest that NOACs have comparable efficacy to VKAs in preventing ischemic stroke recurrence. Large scale RCTs are warranted to evaluate the potential superiority of NOACs in terms of safety endpoints.
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Woodhouse LJ, Appleton JP, Scutt P, Everton L, Wilkinson G, Caso V, Czlonkowska A, Gommans J, Krishnan K, Laska AC, Ntaios G, Ozturk S, Phillips S, Pocock S, Prasad K, Szatmari S, Wardlaw JM, Sprigg N, Bath PM. Effect of continuing versus stopping pre-stroke antihypertensive agents within 12 h on outcome after stroke: A subgroup analysis of the efficacy of nitric oxide in stroke (ENOS) trial. EClinicalMedicine 2022; 44:101274. [PMID: 35112073 PMCID: PMC8790472 DOI: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2022.101274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is not known whether to continue or temporarily stop existing antihypertensive drugs in patients with acute stroke. METHODS We performed a prospective subgroup analysis of patients enrolled into the Efficacy of Nitric Oxide in Stroke (ENOS) trial who were randomised to continue vs stop prior antihypertensive therapy within 12 h of stroke onset. The primary outcome was functional outcome, assessed with the modified Rankin Scale at 90 days by observers blinded to treatment assignment, and analysed with ordinal logistic regression. FINDINGS Of 4011 patients recruited into ENOS from 2001 to 2014, 2097 patients were randomised to continue vs stop prior antihypertensive treatment, and 384 (18.3%, continue 185, stop 199) were enrolled within 12 h of ictus: mean (SD) age 71.8 (11.8) years, female 193 (50.3%), ischaemic stroke 342 (89.1%) and total anterior circulation syndrome 114 (29.7%). As compared with stopping, continuing treatment within 12 h of onset lowered blood pressure by 15.5/9.6 mmHg (p<0.001/<0.001) by 7 days, shifted the modified Rankin Scale to a worse outcome by day 90, adjusted common odds ratio (OR) 1.46 (95% CI 1.01-2.11), and was associated with an increased death rate by day 90 (hazard ratio 2.17, 95% CI 1.24-3.79). Other outcomes (disability - Barthel Index, quality of life - EQ-visual analogue scale, cognition - telephone mini-mental state examination, and mood - Zung depression scale) were also worse with continuing treatment. INTERPRETATION In this pre-specified subgroup analysis of the large ENOS trial, continuing prior antihypertensive therapy within 12 h of stroke onset in a predominantly ischaemic stroke population was unsafe with worse functional outcome, disability, cognition, mood, quality of life and increased death. Future studies assessing continuing or stopping prior antihypertensives in the context of thrombectomy are awaited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa J. Woodhouse
- Stroke Trials Unit, Mental Health & Clinical Neuroscience, Queen's Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, South Block D floor, Nottingham NG7 2UH UK
| | - Jason P. Appleton
- Stroke, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2GW, UK
- Institute of Applied Health Research, College of Dental and Medical Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Polly Scutt
- Stroke Trials Unit, Mental Health & Clinical Neuroscience, Queen's Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, South Block D floor, Nottingham NG7 2UH UK
| | - Lisa Everton
- Stroke Trials Unit, Mental Health & Clinical Neuroscience, Queen's Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, South Block D floor, Nottingham NG7 2UH UK
- Stroke, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Gwenllian Wilkinson
- Stroke Trials Unit, Mental Health & Clinical Neuroscience, Queen's Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, South Block D floor, Nottingham NG7 2UH UK
- Stroke, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Valeria Caso
- Stroke Unit, Santa Maria della Misericordia Hospital, University of Perugia, Italy
| | | | - John Gommans
- Department of Medicine, Hawke's Bay District Health Board, Hastings, New Zealand
| | - Kailash Krishnan
- Stroke, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Ann C. Laska
- Department of Clinical Science, Karolinska Institute, Danderyd Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - George Ntaios
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Greece
| | - Serefnur Ozturk
- Neurology, Selcuk University Faculty of Medicine, Konya, Turkey
| | - Stephen Phillips
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
| | - Stuart Pocock
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Kameshwar Prasad
- Rajendra Institute of Medical Sciences, Ranchi, Jharkhand 834009, India
| | - Szabolcs Szatmari
- Department of Neurology, Clinical County Emergency Hospital, Targu Mures, Romania
| | - Joanna M. Wardlaw
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Nikola Sprigg
- Stroke Trials Unit, Mental Health & Clinical Neuroscience, Queen's Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, South Block D floor, Nottingham NG7 2UH UK
- Stroke, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Philip M. Bath
- Stroke Trials Unit, Mental Health & Clinical Neuroscience, Queen's Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, South Block D floor, Nottingham NG7 2UH UK
- Stroke, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK
- Corresponding author at: Stroke Trials Unit, Mental Health & Clinical Neuroscience, Queen's Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, South Block D floor, Nottingham NG7 2UH UK.
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De Marchis GM, Seiffge DJ, Schaedelin S, Wilson D, Caso V, Acciarresi M, Tsivgoulis G, Koga M, Yoshimura S, Toyoda K, Cappellari M, Bonetti B, Macha K, Kallmünzer B, Cereda CW, Lyrer P, Bonati LH, Paciaroni M, Engelter ST, Werring DJ. Early versus late start of direct oral anticoagulants after acute ischaemic stroke linked to atrial fibrillation: an observational study and individual patient data pooled analysis. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2022; 93:119-125. [PMID: 34635567 DOI: 10.1136/jnnp-2021-327236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The optimal timing to start direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) after an acute ischaemic stroke (AIS) related to atrial fibrillation (AF) remains unclear. We aimed to compare early (≤5 days of AIS) versus late (>5 days of AIS) DOAC-start. METHODS This is an individual patient data pooled analysis of eight prospective European and Japanese cohort studies. We included patients with AIS related to non-valvular AF where a DOAC was started within 30 days. Primary endpoints were 30-day rates of recurrent AIS and ICH. RESULTS A total of 2550 patients were included. DOACs were started early in 1362 (53%) patients, late in 1188 (47%). During 212 patient-years, 37 patients had a recurrent AIS (1.5%), 16 (43%) before a DOAC was started; 6 patients (0.2%) had an ICH, all after DOAC-start. In the early DOAC-start group, 23 patients (1.7%) suffered from a recurrent AIS, while 2 patients (0.1%) had an ICH. In the late DOAC-start group, 14 patients (1.2%) suffered from a recurrent AIS; 4 patients (0.3%) suffered from ICH. In the propensity score-adjusted comparison of late versus early DOAC-start groups, there was no statistically significant difference in the hazard of recurrent AIS (aHR=1.2, 95% CI 0.5 to 2.9, p=0.69), ICH (aHR=6.0, 95% CI 0.6 to 56.3, p=0.12) or any stroke. CONCLUSIONS Our results do not corroborate concerns that an early DOAC-start might excessively increase the risk of ICH. The sevenfold higher risk of recurrent AIS than ICH suggests that an early DOAC-start might be reasonable, supporting enrolment into randomised trials comparing an early versus late DOAC-start.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gian Marco De Marchis
- Neurology and Stroke Center, University Hospital Basel & University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - David J Seiffge
- Neurology and Stroke Center, University Hospital Basel & University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Neurology and Stroke Center, Inselspital, University Hospital Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Sabine Schaedelin
- Clinical Trial Unit, University Hospital of Basel & University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Duncan Wilson
- Stroke Research Center, Department of Brain Repair and Rehabilitation, UCL Institute of Neurology and The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, UK
| | - Valeria Caso
- Stroke Unit, Santa Maria Misericordia Hospital, Perugia, Italy
| | - Monica Acciarresi
- Department of Neurology, San Giovanni Battista Hospital of Foligno, Foligno, Umbria, Italy
| | - Georgios Tsivgoulis
- Second Department of Neurology, 'Attikon' Hospital, University of Athens, School of Medicine, Athens, Greece.,Department of Neurology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Masatoshi Koga
- Department of Cerebrovascular Medicine, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Osaka, Japan
| | - Sohei Yoshimura
- Department of Cerebrovascular Medicine, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kazunori Toyoda
- Department of Cerebrovascular Medicine, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Osaka, Japan
| | - Manuel Cappellari
- Department of Neuroscience, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Bruno Bonetti
- Department of Neuroscience, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Kosmas Macha
- Department of Neurology, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Bernd Kallmünzer
- Department of Neurology, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Carlo W Cereda
- Neurocenter of Southern Switzerland, Ospedale Regionale di Lugano, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Philippe Lyrer
- Neurology and Stroke Center, University Hospital Basel & University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Leo H Bonati
- Neurology and Stroke Center, University Hospital Basel & University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Maurizio Paciaroni
- Department of Neurology & Stroke Unit, San Giuseppe Hospital IRCSS Multimedica, Milano, Italy
| | - Stefan T Engelter
- Neurology and Stroke Center, University Hospital Basel & University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Department of Neurology & Neurorehabilitation, University Center for Medicine of Aging and Rehabilitation Basel, Felix Platter Hospital, Basel, Switzerland
| | - David J Werring
- Stroke Research Center, Department of Brain Repair and Rehabilitation, UCL Institute of Neurology and The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, UK
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Corea F, Acciarresi M, Bernetti L, Brustenghi P, Guidubaldi A, Maiotti M, Micheli S, Pierini V, Gamboni A, Calabrò G, Busti C, Magistrato C, Proietti-Silvestri G, Bracaccia M, Caso V, Zampolini M. Extending Thrombolysis in Acute Ischemic Stroke to Primary Care: Early Experiences with a Network-Based Teleneurology Approach. Neurol Int 2022; 14:164-173. [PMID: 35225883 PMCID: PMC8884013 DOI: 10.3390/neurolint14010012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Purpose—Systemic thrombolysis represents the main proven therapy for acute ischemic stroke, but safe treatment is reported only in well-established stroke units. To extend the use of tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) treatment in primary care hospitals on isolated areas through telemedic was the purpose of specific initiatives in southern Umbria, Italy. Methods—The stroke center of Foligno established a telestroke network to provide consultations for three local hospitals in southern Umbria. The telemedic system consists of a digital network that includes a two-way video conference system and imaging sharing. The main network hospital established specialized stroke wards/teams in which qualified teams treat acute stroke patients. Physicians in these hospitals are able to contact the stroke centers 24 h per day. Quality data are available to support the safe implementation of the stroke procedures. Those available from governmental authorities and local datasets are volume of hospitalization, in-hospital mortality, 30-days mortality, and discharge setting. Objective of the study was to assess the annual hospitalization volume in both the hub and spoke hospitals for ischemic stroke and appraise the performance of the network after the introduction of the telestroke system. Results—A total of 225 systemic thrombolyses were performed in time period indicated above all hospitals. In the main spoke hospital, 41 procedures were performed after teleconsultations were made available. The thrombolysis rate in the hub hospital ranged between 10% in 2016 and 20% in 2019, while in the spoke hospital was below 5% in 2016 and raised to 15% in 2019. The statistically significant difference, in the number of procedures, between hub and spoke in the beginning of the observation time disappeared after introduction of the telestroke network. No increase of the mortality was found. Conclusions—The present data suggest that systemic thrombolysis indicated via stroke experts in the setting of teleconsultation shows similar complication rates to those reported in the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke trial. Therefore, tPA treatment is also safe in this context and can be extended to primary hospitals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Corea
- Stroke Unit, San Giovanni Battista Hospital, 06034 Foligno, Italy; (M.A.); (L.B.); (P.B.); (A.G.); (M.M.); (S.M.); (V.P.); (M.Z.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Monica Acciarresi
- Stroke Unit, San Giovanni Battista Hospital, 06034 Foligno, Italy; (M.A.); (L.B.); (P.B.); (A.G.); (M.M.); (S.M.); (V.P.); (M.Z.)
| | - Laura Bernetti
- Stroke Unit, San Giovanni Battista Hospital, 06034 Foligno, Italy; (M.A.); (L.B.); (P.B.); (A.G.); (M.M.); (S.M.); (V.P.); (M.Z.)
| | - Pierluigi Brustenghi
- Stroke Unit, San Giovanni Battista Hospital, 06034 Foligno, Italy; (M.A.); (L.B.); (P.B.); (A.G.); (M.M.); (S.M.); (V.P.); (M.Z.)
| | - Arianna Guidubaldi
- Stroke Unit, San Giovanni Battista Hospital, 06034 Foligno, Italy; (M.A.); (L.B.); (P.B.); (A.G.); (M.M.); (S.M.); (V.P.); (M.Z.)
| | - Mariangela Maiotti
- Stroke Unit, San Giovanni Battista Hospital, 06034 Foligno, Italy; (M.A.); (L.B.); (P.B.); (A.G.); (M.M.); (S.M.); (V.P.); (M.Z.)
| | - Sara Micheli
- Stroke Unit, San Giovanni Battista Hospital, 06034 Foligno, Italy; (M.A.); (L.B.); (P.B.); (A.G.); (M.M.); (S.M.); (V.P.); (M.Z.)
| | - Vilma Pierini
- Stroke Unit, San Giovanni Battista Hospital, 06034 Foligno, Italy; (M.A.); (L.B.); (P.B.); (A.G.); (M.M.); (S.M.); (V.P.); (M.Z.)
| | - Alessio Gamboni
- Emergency Department, San Giovanni Battista Hospital, 06034 Foligno, Italy; (A.G.); (G.C.); (C.B.)
| | - Giuseppe Calabrò
- Emergency Department, San Giovanni Battista Hospital, 06034 Foligno, Italy; (A.G.); (G.C.); (C.B.)
| | - Chiara Busti
- Emergency Department, San Giovanni Battista Hospital, 06034 Foligno, Italy; (A.G.); (G.C.); (C.B.)
| | - Cesare Magistrato
- Emergency Department, Santa Maria della Stella Hospital, 05018 Orvieto, Italy;
| | | | - Massimo Bracaccia
- Emergency Department and Internal Medicine, Santa Maria della Stella Hospital, 05018 Orvieto, Italy;
| | - Valeria Caso
- Stroke Unit, Santa Maria Misericordia Hospital, 06129 Perugia, Italy;
| | - Mauro Zampolini
- Stroke Unit, San Giovanni Battista Hospital, 06034 Foligno, Italy; (M.A.); (L.B.); (P.B.); (A.G.); (M.M.); (S.M.); (V.P.); (M.Z.)
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Abstract
The goal of the current review is to examine the hazards and benefits of carotid interventions in women and to provide recommendations for the indications for carotid intervention in female patients. Stroke and cerebrovascular disease are prevalent in women. There are inherent biological and other differences in men and women, which affect the manifestations and outcome of stroke, with women experiencing worse disability and higher mortality following ischemic stroke than men. Due to the underrepresentation of female patients in most clinical trials, the ability to make firm but alternative recommendations for women specifically on the management of carotid stenosis is challenging. Although some data suggest that women might have worse periprocedural outcomes as compared to men following all carotid revascularization procedures, there is also an abundance of data to support a similar risk for carotid procedures in men and women, especially with carotid endarterectomy and transcarotid artery revascularization. Therefore, the indications for carotid revascularization are the same in women as they are in men. The choice of a carotid revascularization procedure in women is based upon the same factors as in men and requires careful evaluation of a particular patient's risk profile, anatomic criteria, plaque morphology, and medical comorbidities that might favor one technique over the other. When performing carotid revascularization procedures in women, tailored techniques and procedures to address the small diameter of the female artery are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caron Rockman
- Division of Vascular Surgery, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY (C.R.)
| | - Valeria Caso
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Santa Maria Della Misericordia Hospital, University of Perugia, Italy (V.C.)
| | - Peter A Schneider
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, University of California San Francisco (P.A.S.)
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42
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Mosconi MG, Caso F, Maraziti G, Kremer C, Costa L, Scarpa R, Giacomelli R, Caso V. Autoimmune screening before adenovirus vector-based DNA vaccine in women may avoid underuse for all the subjects. Neurol Sci 2021; 42:5421-5423. [PMID: 34609661 PMCID: PMC8491439 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-021-05620-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Giulia Mosconi
- Stroke Unit and Division of Internal and Cardiovascular Medicine, Santa Maria della Misericordia Hospital, University of Perugia, Piazzale Menghini 1, 06129, Perugia, Italy.
| | - Francesco Caso
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Giorgio Maraziti
- Stroke Unit and Division of Internal and Cardiovascular Medicine, Santa Maria della Misericordia Hospital, University of Perugia, Piazzale Menghini 1, 06129, Perugia, Italy
| | - Christine Kremer
- Neurology Department, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Luisa Costa
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Raffaele Scarpa
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Roberto Giacomelli
- Rheumatology and Immunology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Rome Campus Biomedico, 00128, Rome, Italy
| | - Valeria Caso
- Stroke Unit and Division of Internal and Cardiovascular Medicine, Santa Maria della Misericordia Hospital, University of Perugia, Piazzale Menghini 1, 06129, Perugia, Italy
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43
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Pandian JD, Panagos PD, Sebastian IA, Sampaio Silva G, Furie KL, Liu L, Owolabi MO, Caso V, Alrukn SA. Maintaining stroke care during the COVID-19 pandemic in lower- and middle-income countries: World Stroke Organization Position Statement endorsed by American Stroke Association and American Heart Association. Int J Stroke 2021; 17:9-17. [PMID: 34711104 DOI: 10.1177/17474930211055878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
For more than a year, the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has had a devastating effect on global health. High-, low-, and middle-income countries are struggling to cope with the spread of newer mutant strains of the virus. Delivery of acute stroke care remains a priority despite the pandemic. In order to maintain the time-dependent processes required to optimize delivery of intravenous thrombolysis and endovascular therapy, most countries have reorganized infrastructure to optimize human resources and critical services. Low-and-middle income countries (LMIC) have strained medical resources at baseline and often face challenges in the delivery of stroke systems of care (SSOC). This position statement aims to produce pragmatic recommendations on methods to preserve the existing SSOC during COVID-19 in LMIC and propose best stroke practices that may be low cost but high impact and commonly shared across the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeyaraj D Pandian
- Department of Neurology, Christian Medical College, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| | - Peter D Panagos
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Ivy A Sebastian
- Department of Neurology, St Stephens Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Gisele Sampaio Silva
- Department of Neurology, Federal University of São Paulo, Clinical Trialist/Neurology, Albert Einstein Hospital, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Karen L Furie
- Department of Neurology, Rhode Island Hospital Chair of Neurology, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Liping Liu
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Mayowa O Owolabi
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Clinical Sciences, Director, Center for Genomic and Precision Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Valeria Caso
- Department of Neurology, Stroke Unit, Santa Maria della Misericordia Hospital, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
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Busti C, Gamboni A, Calabrò G, Zampolini M, Zedde M, Caso V, Corea F. Telestroke: Barriers to the Transition. Front Neurol 2021; 12:689191. [PMID: 34594291 PMCID: PMC8476832 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.689191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Busti
- Emergency Department, San Giovanni Battista Hospital of Foligno, Umbria, Italy
| | - Alessio Gamboni
- Emergency Department, San Giovanni Battista Hospital of Foligno, Umbria, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Calabrò
- Emergency Department, San Giovanni Battista Hospital of Foligno, Umbria, Italy
| | - Mauro Zampolini
- Stroke Unit, San Giovanni Battista Hospital of Foligno, Umbria, Italy
| | - Marialuisa Zedde
- Neurology Unit, Stroke Unit, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Valeria Caso
- Stroke Unit, Santa Maria Misericordia Hospital, Perugia, Italy
| | - Francesco Corea
- Stroke Unit, San Giovanni Battista Hospital of Foligno, Umbria, Italy
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Caso
- Stroke Unit, Santa Maria della Misericordia Hospital, University of Perugia, Perugia 06156, Italy.
| | - Maria Giulia Mosconi
- Stroke Unit, Santa Maria della Misericordia Hospital, University of Perugia, Perugia 06156, Italy
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46
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Caso
- Cerebrovascular Diseases, Stroke Unit, Perugia Hospital, Perugia, Italy
| | - Antonio Federico
- Neurological Sciences, Department, Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, Viale Bracci 2, 53100, Siena, Italy.
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47
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Paciaroni M, Agnelli G, Giustozzi M, Caso V, Toso E, Angelini F, Canavero I, Micieli G, Antonenko K, Rocco A, Diomedi M, Katsanos AH, Shoamanesh A, Giannopoulos S, Ageno W, Pegoraro S, Putaala J, Strbian D, Sallinen H, Mac Grory BC, Furie KL, Stretz C, Reznik ME, Alberti A, Venti M, Mosconi MG, Vedovati MC, Franco L, Zepponi G, Romoli M, Zini A, Brancaleoni L, Riva L, Silvestrelli G, Ciccone A, Zedde ML, Giorli E, Kosmidou M, Ntais E, Palaiodimou L, Halvatsiotis P, Tassinari T, Saia V, Ornello R, Sacco S, Bandini F, Mancuso M, Orlandi G, Ferrari E, Pezzini A, Poli L, Cappellari M, Forlivesi S, Rigatelli A, Yaghi S, Scher E, Frontera JA, Masotti L, Grifoni E, Caliandro P, Zauli A, Reale G, Marcheselli S, Gasparro A, Terruso V, Arnao V, Aridon P, Abdul-Rahim AH, Dawson J, Saggese CE, Palmerini F, Doronin B, Volodina V, Toni D, Risitano A, Schirinzi E, Del Sette M, Lochner P, Monaco S, Mannino M, Tassi R, Guideri F, Acampa M, Martini G, Lotti EM, Padroni M, Pantoni L, Rosa S, Bertora P, Ntaios G, Sagris D, Baldi A, D’Amore C, Mumoli N, Porta C, Denti L, Chiti A, Corea F, Acciarresi M, Flomin Y, Popovic N, Tsivgoulis G. Risk Factors for Intracerebral Hemorrhage in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation on Non-Vitamin K Antagonist Oral Anticoagulants for Stroke Prevention. Stroke 2021; 52:1450-1454. [PMID: 33657853 PMCID: PMC10561687 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.120.031827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
[Figure: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurizio Paciaroni
- Stroke Unit and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Perugia, Italy (M. Paciaroni, G.A., M.G., V.C., A.A., M.V., M.G.M., M.C.V., L.F., G.Z.)
| | - Giancarlo Agnelli
- Stroke Unit and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Perugia, Italy (M. Paciaroni, G.A., M.G., V.C., A.A., M.V., M.G.M., M.C.V., L.F., G.Z.)
| | - Michela Giustozzi
- Stroke Unit and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Perugia, Italy (M. Paciaroni, G.A., M.G., V.C., A.A., M.V., M.G.M., M.C.V., L.F., G.Z.)
| | - Valeria Caso
- Stroke Unit and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Perugia, Italy (M. Paciaroni, G.A., M.G., V.C., A.A., M.V., M.G.M., M.C.V., L.F., G.Z.)
| | - Elisabetta Toso
- Division of Cardiology, Città della Salute e della Scienza Hospital, University of Torino, Italy (E.T., F.A.)
| | - Filippo Angelini
- Division of Cardiology, Città della Salute e della Scienza Hospital, University of Torino, Italy (E.T., F.A.)
| | - Isabella Canavero
- Emergency Neurology, IRCCS Casimiro Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy (I.C., G. Micieli)
| | - Giuseppe Micieli
- Emergency Neurology, IRCCS Casimiro Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy (I.C., G. Micieli)
| | - Kateryna Antonenko
- Department of Neurology, Bogomolets National Medical University, Kyiv, Ukraine (K.A.)
| | - Alessandro Rocco
- Stroke Unit, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy (A. Rocco, M.D.)
| | - Marina Diomedi
- Stroke Unit, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy (A. Rocco, M.D.)
| | - Aristeidis H. Katsanos
- Department of Medicine (Neurology), McMaster University/Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, Canada (A.H.K., A.S.)
| | - Ashkan Shoamanesh
- Department of Medicine (Neurology), McMaster University/Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, Canada (A.H.K., A.S.)
| | - Sotirios Giannopoulos
- Department of Neurology, University of Ioannina School of Medicine, Greece (S.G., E.N.)
| | - Walter Ageno
- Department of Medicine, University of Insubria, Ospedale di Circolo, Varese, Italy (W.A., S.P.)
| | - Samuela Pegoraro
- Department of Medicine, University of Insubria, Ospedale di Circolo, Varese, Italy (W.A., S.P.)
| | - Jukka Putaala
- Department of Neurology, Helsinki University Hospital and Neurosciences University of Helsinki, Finland (J.P., D. Strbian, H.S.)
| | - Daniel Strbian
- Department of Neurology, Helsinki University Hospital and Neurosciences University of Helsinki, Finland (J.P., D. Strbian, H.S.)
| | - Hanne Sallinen
- Department of Neurology, Helsinki University Hospital and Neurosciences University of Helsinki, Finland (J.P., D. Strbian, H.S.)
| | - Brian C. Mac Grory
- Department of Neurology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC (B.C.M.G.)
| | - Karen L. Furie
- Department of Neurology, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI (K.L.F., C.S., M.E.R.)
| | - Christoph Stretz
- Department of Neurology, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI (K.L.F., C.S., M.E.R.)
| | - Michael E. Reznik
- Department of Neurology, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI (K.L.F., C.S., M.E.R.)
| | - Andrea Alberti
- Stroke Unit and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Perugia, Italy (M. Paciaroni, G.A., M.G., V.C., A.A., M.V., M.G.M., M.C.V., L.F., G.Z.)
| | - Michele Venti
- Stroke Unit and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Perugia, Italy (M. Paciaroni, G.A., M.G., V.C., A.A., M.V., M.G.M., M.C.V., L.F., G.Z.)
| | - Maria Giulia Mosconi
- Stroke Unit and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Perugia, Italy (M. Paciaroni, G.A., M.G., V.C., A.A., M.V., M.G.M., M.C.V., L.F., G.Z.)
| | - Maria Cristina Vedovati
- Stroke Unit and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Perugia, Italy (M. Paciaroni, G.A., M.G., V.C., A.A., M.V., M.G.M., M.C.V., L.F., G.Z.)
| | - Laura Franco
- Stroke Unit and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Perugia, Italy (M. Paciaroni, G.A., M.G., V.C., A.A., M.V., M.G.M., M.C.V., L.F., G.Z.)
| | - Giorgia Zepponi
- Stroke Unit and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Perugia, Italy (M. Paciaroni, G.A., M.G., V.C., A.A., M.V., M.G.M., M.C.V., L.F., G.Z.)
| | - Michele Romoli
- Neurology Unit, Rimini “Infermi” Hospital–AUSL Romagna, Rimini, Italy (M. Romoli)
| | - Andrea Zini
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, IRCCS Istituto di Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna (A. Zini, L.B.), Maggiore Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - Laura Brancaleoni
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, IRCCS Istituto di Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna (A. Zini, L.B.), Maggiore Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - Letizia Riva
- Division of Cardiology (L.R.), Maggiore Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giorgio Silvestrelli
- S.C. di Neurologia e S.S. di Stroke Unit, ASST di Mantova, Italy (G.S., A. Ciccone)
| | - Alfonso Ciccone
- S.C. di Neurologia e S.S. di Stroke Unit, ASST di Mantova, Italy (G.S., A. Ciccone)
| | - Maria Luisa Zedde
- Neurology Unit, Stroke Unit, Local Health Unit–IRCCS of Reggio Emilia, Italy (M.L.Z.)
| | - Elisa Giorli
- Department of Neurology, Stroke Unit, Sant’Andrea Hospital, La Spezia, Italy (E. Giorli)
| | - Maria Kosmidou
- First Department of Internal Medicine, University of Ioannina School of Medicine, Greece (M.K.)
| | - Evangelos Ntais
- Department of Neurology, University of Ioannina School of Medicine, Greece (S.G., E.N.)
| | - Lina Palaiodimou
- Second Department of Neurology, “Attikon” Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Greece (L. Palaiodimou, G.T.)
| | - Panagiotis Halvatsiotis
- Second Department of Internal Medicine “Attikon” University Hospital Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece (P.H.)
| | - Tiziana Tassinari
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit, Santa Corona Hospital, Pietra Ligure (Savona), Italy (T.T., V.S.)
| | - Valentina Saia
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit, Santa Corona Hospital, Pietra Ligure (Savona), Italy (T.T., V.S.)
| | - Raffaele Ornello
- Neuroscience Section, Department of Applied Clinical Sciences and Biotechnology, University of L’Aquila, Italy (R.O., S.S.)
| | - Simona Sacco
- Neuroscience Section, Department of Applied Clinical Sciences and Biotechnology, University of L’Aquila, Italy (R.O., S.S.)
| | - Fabio Bandini
- Department of Neurology, Ospedale San Paolo, Savona, Italy (F.B.)
| | - Michelangelo Mancuso
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Neurological Institute, University of Pisa, Italy (M. Mancuso, G.O., E.F.)
| | - Giovanni Orlandi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Neurological Institute, University of Pisa, Italy (M. Mancuso, G.O., E.F.)
| | - Elena Ferrari
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Neurological Institute, University of Pisa, Italy (M. Mancuso, G.O., E.F.)
| | - Alessandro Pezzini
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Neurology Unit, University of Brescia, Italy (A.P., L. Poli)
| | - Loris Poli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Neurology Unit, University of Brescia, Italy (A.P., L. Poli)
| | - Manuel Cappellari
- SSO Stroke Unit, UO Neurologia, DAI di Neuroscienze, AOUI Verona, Italy (M.C., S.F.)
| | - Stefano Forlivesi
- SSO Stroke Unit, UO Neurologia, DAI di Neuroscienze, AOUI Verona, Italy (M.C., S.F.)
| | - Alberto Rigatelli
- Pronto Soccorso, Ospedale Borgo Trento, DAI Emergenza e Accettazione, AOUI Verona, Italy (A. Rigatelli)
| | - Shadi Yaghi
- Department of Neurology, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY (S.Y., E. Scher, J.A.F.)
| | - Erica Scher
- Department of Neurology, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY (S.Y., E. Scher, J.A.F.)
| | - Jennifer A. Frontera
- Department of Neurology, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY (S.Y., E. Scher, J.A.F.)
| | - Luca Masotti
- Internal Medicine, San Giuseppe Hospital, Empoli, Italy (L.M., E. Grifoni)
| | - Elisa Grifoni
- Internal Medicine, San Giuseppe Hospital, Empoli, Italy (L.M., E. Grifoni)
| | - Pietro Caliandro
- Neurology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy (P.C.)
| | - Aurelia Zauli
- Department of Geriatrics, Neurosciences and Orthopedics, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy (A. Zauli, G.R.)
| | - Giuseppe Reale
- Department of Geriatrics, Neurosciences and Orthopedics, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy (A. Zauli, G.R.)
| | - Simona Marcheselli
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center–IRCCS, Rozzano, Milano, Italy (S. Marcheselli)
| | | | | | - Valentina Arnao
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics, University of Palermo, Italy (V.A., P.A.)
| | - Paolo Aridon
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics, University of Palermo, Italy (V.A., P.A.)
| | - Azmil H. Abdul-Rahim
- Medical School and Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom (A.H.A.-R., J.D.)
| | - Jesse Dawson
- Medical School and Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom (A.H.A.-R., J.D.)
| | - Carlo Emanuele Saggese
- Unità di Terapia Neurovascolare, Ospedale “Fabrizio Spaziani,” Frosinone, Italy (C.E.S.)
| | | | - Boris Doronin
- Municipal Budgetary Healthcare Institution of Novosibirsk, City Clinical Hospital No. 1, Novosibirsk State Medical University, Russia (B.D., V.V.)
| | - Vera Volodina
- Municipal Budgetary Healthcare Institution of Novosibirsk, City Clinical Hospital No. 1, Novosibirsk State Medical University, Russia (B.D., V.V.)
| | - Danilo Toni
- Department of Human Neurosciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy (D.T., A. Risitano)
| | - Angela Risitano
- Department of Human Neurosciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy (D.T., A. Risitano)
| | - Erika Schirinzi
- Struttura Complessa di Neurologia, Ente Ospedaliero Ospedali Galliera, Genoa, Italy (E. Schirinzi, M.D.S.)
| | - Massimo Del Sette
- Struttura Complessa di Neurologia, Ente Ospedaliero Ospedali Galliera, Genoa, Italy (E. Schirinzi, M.D.S.)
| | - Piergiorgio Lochner
- Department of Neurology, Saarland University, Medical Center, Homburg, Germany (P.L.)
| | - Serena Monaco
- Stroke Unit, Ospedale Civico, Palermo, Italy (S. Monaco, M. Mannino)
| | - Marina Mannino
- Stroke Unit, Ospedale Civico, Palermo, Italy (S. Monaco, M. Mannino)
| | - Rossana Tassi
- Stroke Unit, AOU Senese, Siena, Italy (R.T., F.G., M. Acampa, G. Martini)
| | - Francesca Guideri
- Stroke Unit, AOU Senese, Siena, Italy (R.T., F.G., M. Acampa, G. Martini)
| | - Maurizio Acampa
- Stroke Unit, AOU Senese, Siena, Italy (R.T., F.G., M. Acampa, G. Martini)
| | - Giuseppe Martini
- Stroke Unit, AOU Senese, Siena, Italy (R.T., F.G., M. Acampa, G. Martini)
| | - Enrico Maria Lotti
- U.O. Neurologia Presidio Ospedaliero di Ravenna Azienda USL della Romagna, Italy (E.M.L., M. Padroni)
| | - Marina Padroni
- U.O. Neurologia Presidio Ospedaliero di Ravenna Azienda USL della Romagna, Italy (E.M.L., M. Padroni)
| | - Leonardo Pantoni
- ‘L. Sacco’ Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Milan, Italy (L. Pantoni, P.B.)
| | - Silvia Rosa
- Neurology Unit, ASST Fatebenefratelli–Sacco, Milan, Italy (S.R.)
| | - Pierluigi Bertora
- ‘L. Sacco’ Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Milan, Italy (L. Pantoni, P.B.)
| | - George Ntaios
- Department of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece (G.N., D. Sagris)
| | - Dimitrios Sagris
- Department of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece (G.N., D. Sagris)
| | - Antonio Baldi
- Stroke Unit, Ospedale di Portogruaro, Venice, Italy (A.B., C.D.)
| | - Cataldo D’Amore
- Stroke Unit, Ospedale di Portogruaro, Venice, Italy (A.B., C.D.)
| | - Nicola Mumoli
- Department of Internal Medicine, Magenta Hospital, Italy (N.M., C.P.)
| | - Cesare Porta
- Department of Internal Medicine, Magenta Hospital, Italy (N.M., C.P.)
| | - Licia Denti
- Stroke Unit, Dipartimento Geriatrico Riabilitativo, University of Parma, Italy (L.D.)
| | - Alberto Chiti
- Neurologia, Ospedale Apuano, Massa Carrara, Italy (A. Chiti)
| | - Francesco Corea
- UO Gravi Cerebrolesioni, San Giovanni Battista Hospital, Foligno, Italy (F.C., M. Acciarresi)
| | - Monica Acciarresi
- UO Gravi Cerebrolesioni, San Giovanni Battista Hospital, Foligno, Italy (F.C., M. Acciarresi)
| | - Yuriy Flomin
- Stroke and Neurorehabilitation Unit, MC Universal Clinic ‘Oberig’ Kyiv, Ukraine (Y.F.)
| | - Nemanja Popovic
- Clinic of Neurology, Clinical Center of Vòsvodina, University of Novi Sad, Serbia (N.P.)
| | - Georgios Tsivgoulis
- Second Department of Neurology, “Attikon” Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Greece (L. Palaiodimou, G.T.)
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Mosconi MG, Paciaroni M, Agnelli G, Marzano M, Alberti A, Venti M, Acciarresi M, Ruffini F, Caso V. SMASH-U classification: a tool for aetiology-oriented management of patients with acute haemorrhagic stroke. Intern Emerg Med 2021; 16:109-114. [PMID: 32266689 DOI: 10.1007/s11739-020-02330-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 03/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH) is responsible for disproportionately high morbidity and mortality rates. The most used ICH classification system is based on the anatomical site. We used SMASH-U, an aetiological based classification system for ICH by predefined criteria: structural vascular lesions (S), medication (M), amyloid angiopathy (A), systemic disease (S), hypertension (H), or undetermined (U). We aimed to correlate SMASH-U classification of our patients to the intra-hospital mortality rates. We performed a single centre retrospective study at the Santa Maria Della Misericordia Hospital, Perugia (Italy) including consecutive patients between January 2009 and July 2017 assigned with 431 ICD-9 (International Classification of Diseases-9). We classified the included patients using SMASH-U criteria, and we analysed the association between SMASH-U aetiology and ICH risk factors to the outcome defined as intra-hospital mortality, using multivariable logistic regression analysis. The higher intra-hospital mortality rate was detected in the systemic disease (36.1%), medication (31.5%), and undetermined (29.4%) groups. At multivariable analysis, medication and systemic disease groups resulted associated with the outcome (odds ratio 3.47; 95% CI 1.15-10.46; P = 0.02 and 3.64; 95% CI 1.47-9.01; P = 0.005, respectively). Furthermore, age and high NIHSS at admission resulted significantly associated with intra-hospital mortality (odds ratio 1.01; 95% CI 1-1.03; P = 0.04 and 1.12; 95% CI 1.03-1.22; P = 0.008, respectively). In our retrospective study, the aetiology-oriented classification system SMASH-U showed to be potentially predictive of intra-hospital mortality of acute haemorrhagic stroke patients and it may support clinicians in the acute ICH management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Giulia Mosconi
- Stroke Unit and Division of Internal and Cardiovascular Medicine, Santa Maria della Misericordia Hospital, University of Perugia, Piazzale Menghini 1, 06129, Perugia, Italy.
| | - Maurizio Paciaroni
- Stroke Unit and Division of Internal and Cardiovascular Medicine, Santa Maria della Misericordia Hospital, University of Perugia, Piazzale Menghini 1, 06129, Perugia, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Agnelli
- Stroke Unit and Division of Internal and Cardiovascular Medicine, Santa Maria della Misericordia Hospital, University of Perugia, Piazzale Menghini 1, 06129, Perugia, Italy
| | - Martino Marzano
- Stroke Unit and Division of Internal and Cardiovascular Medicine, Santa Maria della Misericordia Hospital, University of Perugia, Piazzale Menghini 1, 06129, Perugia, Italy
| | - Andrea Alberti
- Stroke Unit and Division of Internal and Cardiovascular Medicine, Santa Maria della Misericordia Hospital, University of Perugia, Piazzale Menghini 1, 06129, Perugia, Italy
| | - Michele Venti
- Stroke Unit and Division of Internal and Cardiovascular Medicine, Santa Maria della Misericordia Hospital, University of Perugia, Piazzale Menghini 1, 06129, Perugia, Italy
| | - Monica Acciarresi
- Stroke Unit and Division of Internal and Cardiovascular Medicine, Santa Maria della Misericordia Hospital, University of Perugia, Piazzale Menghini 1, 06129, Perugia, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Ruffini
- "Ufficio Controllo di Gestione e Sistema Informativo", Santa Maria della Misericordia Hospital, Piazzale Menghini 1, Perugia, 06129, Italy
| | - Valeria Caso
- Stroke Unit and Division of Internal and Cardiovascular Medicine, Santa Maria della Misericordia Hospital, University of Perugia, Piazzale Menghini 1, 06129, Perugia, Italy
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49
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Cappellari M, Seiffge DJ, Koga M, Paciaroni M, Forlivesi S, Turcato G, Bovi P, Yoshimura S, Tanaka K, Shiozawa M, Yoshimoto T, Miwa K, Takagi M, Inoue M, Yamagami H, Caso V, Tsivgoulis G, Venti M, Acciarresi M, Alberti A, Toni D, Polymeris A, Bonetti B, Agnelli G, Toyoda K, Engelter ST, De Marchis GM. A nomogram to predict unfavourable outcome in patients receiving oral anticoagulants for atrial fibrillation after stroke. Eur Stroke J 2020; 5:384-393. [PMID: 33598557 DOI: 10.1177/2396987320945840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction It is unknown whether the type of treatment (direct oral anticoagulant versus vitamin K antagonist) and the time of treatment introduction (early versus late) may affect the functional outcome in stroke patients with atrial fibrillation. We aimed to develop and validate a nomogram model including direct oral anticoagulant/vitamin K antagonist and early/late oral anticoagulant introduction for predicting the probability of unfavourable outcome after stroke in atrial fibrillation-patients. Patients and Methods We conducted an individual patient data analysis of four prospective studies. Unfavourable functional outcome was defined as three-month modified Rankin Scale score 3 -6. To generate the nomogram, five independent predictors including age (<65 years, reference; 65--79; or 80), National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score (0--5 points, reference; 6--15; 16--25; or >25), acute revascularisation treatments (yes, reference, or no), direct oral anticoagulant (reference) or vitamin K antagonist, and early (7 days, reference) or late (8--30) anticoagulant introduction entered into a final logistic regression model. The discriminative performance of the model was assessed by using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve. Results A total of 2102 patients with complete data for generating the nomogram was randomly dichotomised into training (n = 1553) and test (n = 549) sets. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.822 (95% confidence interval, CI: 0.800--0.844) in the training set and 0.803 (95% CI: 0.764--0.842) in the test set. The model was adequately calibrated (9.852; p = 0.276 for the Hosmer--Lemeshow test). Discussion and Conclusion Our nomogram is the first model including type of oral anticoagulant and time of treatment introduction to predict the probability of three-month unfavourable outcome in a large multicentre cohort of stroke patients with atrial fibrillation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Cappellari
- Stroke Unit, DAI di Neuroscienze, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata, Verona, Italy
| | - David J Seiffge
- Neurology and Stroke Center, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Stroke Research Center, Department of Brain Repair and Rehabilitation, UCL Institute of Neurology and The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, UK.,Neurology and Stroke Center, Inselspital, University Hospital Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Masatoshi Koga
- Department of Cerebrovascular Medicine, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan
| | - Maurizio Paciaroni
- Stroke Unit and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Stefano Forlivesi
- Stroke Unit, DAI di Neuroscienze, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata, Verona, Italy
| | - Gianni Turcato
- IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Neurology and Stroke Unit, Maggiore Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - Paolo Bovi
- Stroke Unit, DAI di Neuroscienze, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata, Verona, Italy
| | - Sohei Yoshimura
- Department of Cerebrovascular Medicine, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan
| | - Kanta Tanaka
- Department of Cerebrovascular Medicine, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan
| | - Masayuki Shiozawa
- Department of Cerebrovascular Medicine, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan
| | - Takeshi Yoshimoto
- Emergency Department - Franz Tappeiner Hospital Merano, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Kaori Miwa
- Department of Cerebrovascular Medicine, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan.,Emergency Department - Franz Tappeiner Hospital Merano, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Masahito Takagi
- Department of Cerebrovascular Medicine, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan
| | - Manabu Inoue
- Department of Cerebrovascular Medicine, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Yamagami
- Department of Cerebrovascular Medicine, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan
| | - Valeria Caso
- Stroke Unit and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Georgios Tsivgoulis
- Department of Neurology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan.,Second Department of Neurology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens School of Medicine, 'Attikon' University Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Michele Venti
- Stroke Unit and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Monica Acciarresi
- Stroke Unit and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Andrea Alberti
- Stroke Unit and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Danilo Toni
- Department of Neurology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, USA
| | - Alexandros Polymeris
- Neurology and Stroke Center, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Bruno Bonetti
- Stroke Unit, DAI di Neuroscienze, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata, Verona, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Agnelli
- Stroke Unit and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Kazunori Toyoda
- Department of Cerebrovascular Medicine, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan
| | - Stefan T Engelter
- Neurology and Stroke Center, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Dipartimento di Neurologia e Psichiatria, Università degli Studi di ROMA 'La Sapienza', Roma, Italy
| | - Gian Marco De Marchis
- Neurology and Stroke Center, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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50
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Paciaroni M, Agnelli G, Alberti A, Becattini C, Guercini F, Martini G, Tassi R, Marotta G, Venti M, Acciarresi M, Mosconi MG, Marcheselli S, Fratticci L, D'Amore C, Ageno W, Versino M, De Lodovici ML, Carimati F, Pezzini A, Padovani A, Corea F, Scoditti U, Denti L, Tassinari T, Silvestrelli G, Ciccone A, Caso V. PREvention of VENous Thromboembolism in Hemorrhagic Stroke Patients - PREVENTIHS Study: A Randomized Controlled Trial and a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Eur Neurol 2020; 83:566-575. [PMID: 33190135 DOI: 10.1159/000511574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In this randomized trial, currently utilized standard treatments were compared with enoxaparin for the prevention of venous thromboembolism (VTE) in patients with intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). METHODS Enoxaparin (0.4 mg daily for 10 days) was started after 72 h from the onset of ICH. The primary outcome was symptomatic or asymptomatic deep venous thrombosis as assessed by ultrasound at the end of study treatment. The safety of enoxaparin was also assessed. We included the results of this study in a meta-analysis of all relevant studies comparing anticoagulants with standard treatments or placebo. RESULTS PREVENTIHS was prematurely stopped after the randomization of 73 patients, due to the low recruitment rate. The prevalence of any VTE at 10 days was 15.8% in the enoxaparin group and 20.0% in the control group (RR 0.79 [95% CI 0.29-2.12]); 2.6% of enoxaparin and 8.6% of standard therapy patients had severe bleedings (RR 0.31 [95% CI 0.03-2.82]). When these results were meta-analyzed with the results of the selected studies (4,609 patients; 194 from randomized trials), anticoagulants were associated with a nonsignificant reduction in any VTE (OR 0.81; 95% CI 0.43-1.51), in pulmonary embolism (OR 0.53; 95% CI, 0.17-1.60), and in mortality (OR 0.85; 95% CI 0.64-1.12) without increase in hematoma enlargement (OR 0.97; 95% CI, 0.31-3.04). CONCLUSIONS In patients with acute ICH, the use of anticoagulants to prevent VTE was safe but the overall level of evidence was low due to the low number of patients included in randomized clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurizio Paciaroni
- Stroke Unit and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy,
| | - Giancarlo Agnelli
- Stroke Unit and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Andrea Alberti
- Stroke Unit and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Cecilia Becattini
- Stroke Unit and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Francesco Guercini
- Stroke Unit and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Michele Venti
- Stroke Unit and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Monica Acciarresi
- Stroke Unit and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Maria Giulia Mosconi
- Stroke Unit and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | | | - Lara Fratticci
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center - IRCSS, Milano, Italy
| | - Cataldo D'Amore
- Stroke Unit, Ospedale di Portogruaro, Portogruaro (Venice), Italy
| | - Walter Ageno
- Department of Medicine, University of Insubria, Ospedale di Circolo, Varese, Italy
| | - Maurizio Versino
- Neurology and Stroke Unit, ASST Settelaghi, DMC University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | | | | | - Alessandro Pezzini
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Neurology Unit, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Alessandro Padovani
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Neurology Unit, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Francesco Corea
- UO Gravi Cerebrolesioni, San Giovanni Battista Hospital, Foligno, Italy
| | - Umberto Scoditti
- Stroke Unit, Neuroscience Department, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Licia Denti
- Stroke Unit - Dipartimento Geriatrico Riabilitativo - University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Tiziana Tassinari
- Stroke Unit & Department of Neurology, Santa Corona Hospital, Pietra Ligure, Italy
| | | | - Alfonso Ciccone
- S.C. di Neurologia e S.S. di Stroke Unit, ASST di Mantova, Mantova, Italy
| | - Valeria Caso
- Stroke Unit and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
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