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Shin WJ, Kang S, Jung JU. Zoonotic potential of a pangolin coronavirus. Nat Microbiol 2023; 8:1760-1761. [PMID: 37749253 DOI: 10.1038/s41564-023-01478-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Woo-Jin Shin
- Cancer Biology Department, Infection Biology Program, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Global Center for Pathogen and Human Health Research, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Florida Research and Innovation Center, Cleveland Clinic, Port St. Lucie, FL, USA
| | - Seokmin Kang
- Cancer Biology Department, Infection Biology Program, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Global Center for Pathogen and Human Health Research, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Jae U Jung
- Cancer Biology Department, Infection Biology Program, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA.
- Global Center for Pathogen and Human Health Research, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA.
- Florida Research and Innovation Center, Cleveland Clinic, Port St. Lucie, FL, USA.
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Asthana A, Corona A, Shin WJ, Kwak MJ, Gaughan C, Tramontano E, Jung JU, Schobert R, Jha BK, Silverman RH, Biersack B. Analogs of the Catechol Derivative Dynasore Inhibit HIV-1 Ribonuclease H, SARS-CoV-2 nsp14 Exoribonuclease, and Virus Replication. Viruses 2023; 15:1539. [PMID: 37515225 PMCID: PMC10385162 DOI: 10.3390/v15071539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Viral replication often depends on RNA maturation and degradation processes catalyzed by viral ribonucleases, which are therefore candidate targets for antiviral drugs. Here, we synthesized and studied the antiviral properties of a novel nitrocatechol compound (1c) and other analogs that are structurally related to the catechol derivative dynasore. Interestingly, compound 1c strongly inhibited two DEDD box viral ribonucleases, HIV-1 RNase H and SARS-CoV-2 nsp14 3'-to-5' exoribonuclease (ExoN). While 1c inhibited SARS-CoV-2 ExoN activity, it did not interfere with the mRNA methyltransferase activity of nsp14. In silico molecular docking placed compound 1c in the catalytic pocket of the ExoN domain of nsp14. Finally, 1c inhibited SARS-CoV-2 replication but had no toxicity to human lung adenocarcinoma cells. Given its simple chemical synthesis from easily available starting materials, these results suggest that 1c might be a lead compound for the design of new antiviral compounds that target coronavirus nsp14 ExoN and other viral ribonucleases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Asthana
- Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 2111 East 96th St, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Angela Corona
- Laboratorio di Virologia Molecolare, Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e Dell'Ambiente, Universitá degli Studi di Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato SS554, 09042 Monserrato, Italy
| | - Woo-Jin Shin
- Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 2111 East 96th St, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Mi-Jeong Kwak
- Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 2111 East 96th St, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Christina Gaughan
- Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 2111 East 96th St, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Enzo Tramontano
- Laboratorio di Virologia Molecolare, Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e Dell'Ambiente, Universitá degli Studi di Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato SS554, 09042 Monserrato, Italy
| | - Jae U Jung
- Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 2111 East 96th St, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Rainer Schobert
- Organic Chemistry 1, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstrasse 30, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Babal Kant Jha
- Center for Immunotherapy and Precision Immuno-Oncology, Lerner Research Institute and Department of Translational Hematology and Oncology Research, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 2111 East 96th St, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Robert H Silverman
- Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 2111 East 96th St, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Bernhard Biersack
- Organic Chemistry 1, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstrasse 30, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
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Jung YY, Choi SH, Choi M, Bong YS, Park MY, Lee KS, Shin WJ. Acid mine drainage and smelter-derived sources affecting water geochemistry in the upper Nakdong River, South Korea. Sci Total Environ 2023; 880:163353. [PMID: 37023824 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.163353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Both the smelter and acid mine drainage (AMD) in uppermost streams impact water geochemistry and deteriorate water quality. Efficient water quality management requires identifying the contribution of each source to stream water geochemistry. In this study, we aimed to determine the natural and anthropogenic sources (AMD and smelting) affecting water geochemistry by considering seasonality. Water samples were collected, from May 2020 to April 2021, in a main channel (Nakdong River) and tributaries in a small watershed including mines and smelters. The watershed is characterized by a carbonate-rich area in the upper-middle reaches and silicate-rich area in the middle-lower reaches. On the plots of Ca/Na vs. Mg/Na and 2(Ca + Mg) vs. HCO3 + 2SO4, the water geochemistry was predominantly explained by the carbonate and silicate weathering associated with sulfuric and carbonic acids. According to typical δ15N values for sources, nitrate contribution from soil-N mainly impacted water geochemistry, regardless of seasonality; the contribution from agricultural activity and sewage was negligible. Water geochemistry in the main channel samples was discriminated before and after passing through the smelter. The effects of the smelter were evident in elevated SO4, Zn, and Tl concentrations and in δ66Zn values; this was further supported by the relationships between Cl/HCO3 and SO4/HCO3 and between δ66Zn and Zn. These results were pronounced during winter, when the flush-out effect was absent. Our results suggest that multi-isotopes and chemical composition analyses can trace multiple sources influencing the water geochemistry in watersheds containing AMD and smelters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youn-Young Jung
- Research Center for Geochronology and Isotope Analysis, Korea Basic Science Institute, Cheongju-si, Chungbuk 28119, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Hyun Choi
- Research Center for Geochronology and Isotope Analysis, Korea Basic Science Institute, Cheongju-si, Chungbuk 28119, Republic of Korea
| | - Moojin Choi
- Research Center for Geochronology and Isotope Analysis, Korea Basic Science Institute, Cheongju-si, Chungbuk 28119, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeon-Sik Bong
- Center for Research Equipment, Korea Basic Science Institute, Cheongju-si, Chungbuk 28119, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Yeong Park
- Center for Research Equipment, Korea Basic Science Institute, Cheongju-si, Chungbuk 28119, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang-Sik Lee
- Research Center for Geochronology and Isotope Analysis, Korea Basic Science Institute, Cheongju-si, Chungbuk 28119, Republic of Korea; Graduate School of Analytical Science and Technology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo-Jin Shin
- Research Center for Geochronology and Isotope Analysis, Korea Basic Science Institute, Cheongju-si, Chungbuk 28119, Republic of Korea.
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Shin WJ, Jung YY, Choi M, Choi SH, Choi HB, Lee KS, Bong YS, Song H, Koh DC. National-scale investigation of dual nitrate isotopes and chloride ion in South Korea: Nitrate source apportionment for stream water. Environ Res 2023; 228:115873. [PMID: 37062482 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.115873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Nitrate sources in surface water have been identified using dual-isotope compositions of nitrate with various tools to efficiently manage the water quality at the local scale. Correlation between Cl and NO3 has also been used to identify NO3. In this study, we assess the reliability of the dual-isotope approach and Cl in terms of nitrate source apportionment. To this end, we collected stream water samples throughout South Korea to estimate nitrate sources in streams and determine whether the land-use pattern was closely related to nitrate sources. The δ15N-NO3 ranging from -1.3 to 14.8‰ showed a spatial distribution that was lower in mountain ranges (<7‰) than plain areas (>8‰). The Cl concentration in this national-scale distribution was also assessed. The relationship between the proportion of Cl and δ15N-NO3 classifies nitrate sources into areas characterized by three land-use patterns: (1) agricultural and business areas, (2) forests in highlands, and (3) lowland forests, of which (1) had proportions of Cl >50%, while (2) and (3) were <50%. The samples in (3) showed δ15N-NO3 values > 6‰, similar to those of (1). Deuterium excess of samples was negatively correlated (R2 = 0.53) with δ15N-NO3, accounting for the fact that δ15N-NO3 reflected land-use patterns. Samples were dominantly affected by agriculture-derived sources and domestic sewage showed NO3/Cl of <0.4 and δ15N-NO3 of >6‰. These results suggest that nitrate source apportionment should be comprehensively evaluated considering the dual-isotope approach, land-use patterns, and Cl proportions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woo-Jin Shin
- Research Center for Geochronology and Isotope Analysis, Korea Basic Science Institute, Cheongju-si, Chungbuk, 28119, Republic of Korea.
| | - Youn-Young Jung
- Research Center for Geochronology and Isotope Analysis, Korea Basic Science Institute, Cheongju-si, Chungbuk, 28119, Republic of Korea
| | - Moojin Choi
- Research Center for Geochronology and Isotope Analysis, Korea Basic Science Institute, Cheongju-si, Chungbuk, 28119, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Hyun Choi
- Research Center for Geochronology and Isotope Analysis, Korea Basic Science Institute, Cheongju-si, Chungbuk, 28119, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Bin Choi
- Research Center for Geochronology and Isotope Analysis, Korea Basic Science Institute, Cheongju-si, Chungbuk, 28119, Republic of Korea; Department of Science Education, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, Republic of Korea; Healthcare & Spa Industry Promotion Agency, Chungnam, 31471, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang-Sik Lee
- Research Center for Geochronology and Isotope Analysis, Korea Basic Science Institute, Cheongju-si, Chungbuk, 28119, Republic of Korea; Graduate School of Analytical Science and Technology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeon-Sik Bong
- Center for Research Equipment, Korea Basic Science Institute, Cheongju-si, Chungbuk, 28119, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeongseok Song
- Graduate School of Analytical Science and Technology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea; Chromatography and Mass Spectrometry Division, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Seoul, 06349, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Chan Koh
- Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources, Daejeon, 34132, Republic of Korea; University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
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Ha DP, Shin WJ, Hernandez JC, Neamati N, Dubeau L, Machida K, Lee AS. GRP78 Inhibitor YUM70 Suppresses SARS-CoV-2 Viral Entry, Spike Protein Production and Ameliorates Lung Damage. Viruses 2023; 15:v15051118. [PMID: 37243204 DOI: 10.3390/v15051118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the causative agent of the COVID-19 pandemic, has given rise to many new variants with increased transmissibility and the ability to evade vaccine protection. The 78-kDa glucose-regulated protein (GRP78) is a major endoplasmic reticulum (ER) chaperone that has been recently implicated as an essential host factor for SARS-CoV-2 entry and infection. In this study, we investigated the efficacy of YUM70, a small molecule inhibitor of GRP78, to block SARS-CoV-2 viral entry and infection in vitro and in vivo. Using human lung epithelial cells and pseudoviral particles carrying spike proteins from different SARS-CoV-2 variants, we found that YUM70 was equally effective at blocking viral entry mediated by original and variant spike proteins. Furthermore, YUM70 reduced SARS-CoV-2 infection without impacting cell viability in vitro and suppressed viral protein production following SARS-CoV-2 infection. Additionally, YUM70 rescued the cell viability of multi-cellular human lung and liver 3D organoids transfected with a SARS-CoV-2 replicon. Importantly, YUM70 treatment ameliorated lung damage in transgenic mice infected with SARS-CoV-2, which correlated with reduced weight loss and longer survival. Thus, GRP78 inhibition may be a promising approach to augment existing therapies to block SARS-CoV-2, its variants, and other viruses that utilize GRP78 for entry and infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dat P Ha
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
- Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Woo-Jin Shin
- Florida Research and Innovation Center, Cleveland Clinic, Port St. Lucie, FL 34987, USA
| | - Juan Carlos Hernandez
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Nouri Neamati
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy and Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Louis Dubeau
- Department of Pathology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Keigo Machida
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Amy S Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
- Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
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Shim JY, Lee HS, Shin WJ, Park S, Choi HB, Shin HS, Lee KS. The effects of dyes and bleaches on the sorption and desorption of trace elements in human hair. Environ Geochem Health 2023; 45:2349-2358. [PMID: 35960422 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-022-01358-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/09/2022] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Trace element concentrations and isotope ratios of hair reflect the blood levels at the time of hair formation, but can be affected by external factors such as dyeing, bleaching, and bathing. To investigate the effect of dyeing, bleaching, and bathing on hair, hair was immersed in tap water, and changes in trace element concentrations and the Sr isotope ratio were observed over time. During soaking, alkaline earth metals (Ca, Mg, and Sr) from tap water were gradually absorbed into the hair over time. After about one day, the adsorption capacity of hair reached a maximum and the reverse reaction started to occur. In contrast, alkaline metals (Na and K) behaved in reverse. In dyed and bleached hair, Na was significantly desorbed from the hair and gradually migrated to the water over time. The adsorption and desorption of trace elements were minimal in untreated original hair, but much higher in dyed and bleached hair. Thus, dyeing and bleaching appear to damage the hair surface structure and greatly promote the exchange of trace elements. The rapid exchange of trace elements, including Sr, between hair and tap water observed in this study indicates that hair samples can be easily contaminated during bathing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Yu Shim
- Research Center for Geochronology and Isotope Analysis, Korea Basic Science Institute, Cheongju-si, Chungbuk, 28119, Republic of Korea
- Graduate School of Analytical Science and Technology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Han-Seul Lee
- Research Center for Geochronology and Isotope Analysis, Korea Basic Science Institute, Cheongju-si, Chungbuk, 28119, Republic of Korea
- Graduate School of Analytical Science and Technology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo-Jin Shin
- Research Center for Geochronology and Isotope Analysis, Korea Basic Science Institute, Cheongju-si, Chungbuk, 28119, Republic of Korea
| | - Sanghee Park
- Center for Research Equipment, Korea Basic Science Institute, Cheongju-si, Chungbuk, 28119, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Bin Choi
- Research Center for Geochronology and Isotope Analysis, Korea Basic Science Institute, Cheongju-si, Chungbuk, 28119, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung Seon Shin
- Center for Research Equipment, Korea Basic Science Institute, Cheongju-si, Chungbuk, 28119, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang-Sik Lee
- Research Center for Geochronology and Isotope Analysis, Korea Basic Science Institute, Cheongju-si, Chungbuk, 28119, Republic of Korea.
- Graduate School of Analytical Science and Technology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea.
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Choi HB, Lee KS, Park S, Jeong EK, Gautam MK, Shin WJ. National-scale distribution of strontium isotope ratios in environmental samples from South Korea and its implications for provenance studies. Chemosphere 2023; 317:137895. [PMID: 36657573 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.137895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Successful application and accurate interpretation of strontium (Sr) isotope ratios (87Sr/86Sr) requires underlying information about the large-scale variabilities in their signatures from a variety of environmental samples, which can be correlated with the Sr isotopic signatures of underlying local geology. In this national-scale study, we analyzed 87Sr/86Sr in soil, plants, stream water, and Chinese mystery snail (Cipangopaludina chinensis) shells collected from South Korea to evaluate large-scale spatial variabilities, interpret relationships among isotopic signatures of various sample types, and generate spatial distribution isoscapes reflecting the heterogeneity of isotopic signatures across South Korea. Non-parametric comparisons among environmental samples showed non-significant differences in their isotopic ratios. The 87Sr/86Sr of plant and soil samples were strongly correlated (R2adj = 0.93), suggesting that both reflect national-scale lithological properties. Similarly, the 87Sr/86Sr of shells showed strong correlations with the 87Sr/86Sr of both plant and soil samples (R2adj = 0.90). The 87Sr/86Sr signatures of environmental samples in this study aligned with expected Sr isotopic values and generally reflected local geology. Spatial distribution maps of samples showed similar 87Sr/86Sr spatial patterns, with high radiogenic values from granitic and granitic gneiss rocks systems and low radiogenic values from volcanic and sedimentary rock systems. Stream water samples showed significant correlations with soil and plant isotopic ratios, but with a low coefficient of determination (R2adj = 0.68). The deviations were much larger for samples with 87Sr/86Sr > 0.720. Further study is needed to improve the accuracy of baseline determination and interpretation of stream water isotopic variations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Bin Choi
- Research Center for Geochronology and Isotope Analysis, Korea Basic Science Institute, Cheongju-si, Chungbuk 28119, Republic of Korea; Department of Science Education, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, Republic of Korea; Healthcare & Spa industry Promotion Agency, Chungnam, 31471, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang-Sik Lee
- Research Center for Geochronology and Isotope Analysis, Korea Basic Science Institute, Cheongju-si, Chungbuk 28119, Republic of Korea; Graduate School of Analytical Science and Technology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Sanghee Park
- Center for Research Equipment, Korea Basic Science Institute, Cheongju-si, Chungbuk, 28119, Republic of Korea
| | - Eui-Kuk Jeong
- Research Center for Geochronology and Isotope Analysis, Korea Basic Science Institute, Cheongju-si, Chungbuk 28119, Republic of Korea; Graduate School of Analytical Science and Technology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Mukesh Kumar Gautam
- Biology Department, Medgar Evers College, City University of New York, New York, NY, 11225, USA.
| | - Woo-Jin Shin
- Research Center for Geochronology and Isotope Analysis, Korea Basic Science Institute, Cheongju-si, Chungbuk 28119, Republic of Korea.
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Choi HB, Shin WJ, Liu HC, Chen YH, Hsieh JY, Lee KS. Stable strontium isotope fractionation in hydroponically grown mung and soy bean sprouts. J Food Compost Anal 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2022.105081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Shin WJ, Choi S, Seong BL. What are the considerations when selecting a model for influenza drug discovery? Expert Opin Drug Discov 2023; 18:1-3. [PMID: 36529907 DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2023.2157812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Woo-Jin Shin
- Florida Research and Innovation Center, Cleveland Clinic, Port St. Lucie, Florida, USA
| | - Seongil Choi
- Department of Pediatrics, Severance Hospital, Institute of Allergy, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 03721, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Baik-Lin Seong
- Department of Microbiology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 03721, Seoul, South Korea.,Vaccine Innovation Technology ALliance (Vital)-Korea, Yonsei University, 03721, Seoul South Korea
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Shin WJ, Ha DP, Machida K, Lee AS. The stress-inducible ER chaperone GRP78/BiP is upregulated during SARS-CoV-2 infection and acts as a pro-viral protein. Nat Commun 2022; 13:6551. [PMID: 36376289 PMCID: PMC9663498 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-34065-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Woo-Jin Shin
- grid.418628.10000 0004 0481 997XFlorida Research and Innovation Center, Cleveland Clinic, Port St. Lucie, FL 34987 USA
| | - Dat P. Ha
- grid.42505.360000 0001 2156 6853Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033 USA ,grid.42505.360000 0001 2156 6853Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033 USA
| | - Keigo Machida
- grid.42505.360000 0001 2156 6853Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033 USA
| | - Amy S. Lee
- grid.42505.360000 0001 2156 6853Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033 USA ,grid.42505.360000 0001 2156 6853Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033 USA
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Wu X, Xia T, Shin WJ, Yu KM, Jung W, Herrmann A, Foo SS, Chen W, Zhang P, Lee JS, Poo H, Comhair SAA, Jehi L, Choi YK, Ensser A, Jung JU. Viral Mimicry of Interleukin-17A by SARS-CoV-2 ORF8. mBio 2022; 13:e0040222. [PMID: 35343786 PMCID: PMC9040823 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.00402-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection triggers cytokine-mediated inflammation, leading to a myriad of clinical presentations in COVID-19. The SARS-CoV-2 open reading frame 8 (ORF8) is a secreted and rapidly evolving glycoprotein. Patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 variants with ORF8 deleted are associated with mild disease outcomes, but the molecular mechanism behind this is unknown. Here, we report that SARS-CoV-2 ORF8 is a viral cytokine that is similar to but distinct from interleukin 17A (IL-17A) as it induces stronger and broader human IL-17 receptor (hIL-17R) signaling than IL-17A. ORF8 primarily targeted blood monocytes and induced the heterodimerization of hIL-17RA and hIL-17RC, triggering a robust inflammatory response. Transcriptome analysis revealed that besides its activation of the hIL-17R pathway, ORF8 upregulated gene expression for fibrosis signaling and coagulation dysregulation. A naturally occurring ORF8 L84S variant that was highly associated with mild COVID-19 showed reduced hIL-17RA binding and attenuated inflammatory responses. This study reveals how SARS-CoV-2 ORF8 by a viral mimicry of the IL-17 cytokine contributes to COVID-19 severe inflammation. IMPORTANCE Patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 variants lacking open reading frame 8 (ORF8) have been associated with milder infection and disease outcome, but the molecular mechanism behind how this viral accessory protein mediates disease pathogenesis is not yet known. In our study, we revealed that secreted ORF8 protein mimics host IL-17 to activate IL-17 receptors A and C (IL-17RA/C) and induces a significantly stronger inflammatory response than host IL-17A, providing molecular insights into the role of ORF8 in COVID-19 pathogenesis and serving as a potential therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wu
- Cancer Biology Department, Infection Biology Program, and Global Center for Pathogen and Human Health Research, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Tian Xia
- Cancer Biology Department, Infection Biology Program, and Global Center for Pathogen and Human Health Research, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Woo-Jin Shin
- Cancer Biology Department, Infection Biology Program, and Global Center for Pathogen and Human Health Research, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Cleveland Clinic Florida Research & Innovation Center, Port St. Lucie, Florida, USA
| | - Kwang-Min Yu
- Center for Study of Emerging and Re-emerging Viruses, Korea Virus Research Institute, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Wooram Jung
- Cancer Biology Department, Infection Biology Program, and Global Center for Pathogen and Human Health Research, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Alexandra Herrmann
- Institute for Clinical and Molecular Virology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Suan-Sin Foo
- Cancer Biology Department, Infection Biology Program, and Global Center for Pathogen and Human Health Research, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Weiqiang Chen
- Cancer Biology Department, Infection Biology Program, and Global Center for Pathogen and Human Health Research, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Pengfei Zhang
- Cancer Biology Department, Infection Biology Program, and Global Center for Pathogen and Human Health Research, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Jong-Soo Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Haryoung Poo
- Infectious Disease Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Suzy A. A. Comhair
- Respiratory Institute, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Lara Jehi
- Department of Neurology, Epilepsy Center, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Young Ki Choi
- Center for Study of Emerging and Re-emerging Viruses, Korea Virus Research Institute, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Armin Ensser
- Institute for Clinical and Molecular Virology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jae U. Jung
- Cancer Biology Department, Infection Biology Program, and Global Center for Pathogen and Human Health Research, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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12
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Jung YY, Shin WJ, Seo KH, Koh DC, Ko KS, Lee KS. Spatial distributions of oxygen and hydrogen isotopes in multi-level groundwater across South Korea: A case study of mountainous regions. Sci Total Environ 2022; 812:151428. [PMID: 34742991 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.151428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/31/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This study presents the spatial distributions of stable isotopes for groundwater according to well depth and spring water across South Korea, using an interpolation model to provide baseline information for hydrological studies. In total, 888 groundwater and 108 spring water samples were collected across South Korea; their oxygen and hydrogen isotopic compositions (δ18O and δ2H) were analyzed. δ18O and δ2H values biased toward the summer local meteoric water line and low d-excess values indicate that summer precipitation is important for groundwater recharge. The δ18O and δ2H values for groundwater and spring water decrease progressively from the southwest to the northeast on the Korean Peninsula. Based on eight hydrological regions, the average δ18O values of groundwater and spring water are negatively correlated with latitude, but they are positively correlated with temperature. This result indicates that the spatial distributions of groundwater isotopic values in South Korea are significantly influenced by latitude and altitude effects associated with the movement of the North Pacific air mass in summer. Spring waters showed a negative correlation between δ18O and d-excess, with more depleted 18O values than groundwater, indicating that local recharge and flow within mountainous areas is dominant. Considering that the correlation in multi-level groundwater located in northern regions is similar to that of spring water, the contribution of regional groundwater flow, which is recharged in mountainous areas, is considered to be higher in the northern regions. The spatial distribution of δ18O in groundwater gradually approached the spatial distribution of spring water with increasing well depth, indicating that the contribution of regional groundwater flow may be greater in deep groundwater. Our results provide estimates for data-poor regions, supporting the investigation of links between groundwater and other hydrological factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youn-Young Jung
- Korea Basic Science Institute, Chungbuk 28119, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo-Jin Shin
- Korea Basic Science Institute, Chungbuk 28119, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Hen Seo
- Korea Environment Corporation, Incheon 22689, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Chan Koh
- Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources, Daejeon 34132, Republic of Korea; University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Seok Ko
- Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources, Daejeon 34132, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang-Sik Lee
- Korea Basic Science Institute, Chungbuk 28119, Republic of Korea.
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13
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Han SH, Goins CM, Arya T, Shin WJ, Maw J, Hooper A, Sonawane DP, Porter MR, Bannister BE, Crouch RD, Lindsey AA, Lakatos G, Martinez SR, Alvarado J, Akers WS, Wang NS, Jung JU, Macdonald JD, Stauffer SR. Structure-Based Optimization of ML300-Derived, Noncovalent Inhibitors Targeting the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 3CL Protease (SARS-CoV-2 3CL pro). J Med Chem 2022; 65:2880-2904. [PMID: 34347470 PMCID: PMC8353992 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c00598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Starting from the MLPCN probe compound ML300, a structure-based optimization campaign was initiated against the recent severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) main protease (3CLpro). X-ray structures of SARS-CoV-1 and SARS-CoV-2 3CLpro enzymes in complex with multiple ML300-based inhibitors, including the original probe ML300, were obtained and proved instrumental in guiding chemistry toward probe compound 41 (CCF0058981). The disclosed inhibitors utilize a noncovalent mode of action and complex in a noncanonical binding mode not observed by peptidic 3CLpro inhibitors. In vitro DMPK profiling highlights key areas where further optimization in the series is required to obtain useful in vivo probes. Antiviral activity was established using a SARS-CoV-2-infected Vero E6 cell viability assay and a plaque formation assay. Compound 41 demonstrates nanomolar activity in these respective assays, comparable in potency to remdesivir. These findings have implications for antiviral development to combat current and future SARS-like zoonotic coronavirus outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Hoon Han
- Center for Therapeutics Discovery, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Christopher M. Goins
- Center for Therapeutics Discovery, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Tarun Arya
- Center for Therapeutics Discovery, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Woo-Jin Shin
- Cleveland Clinic Florida Research & Innovation Center, Port St. Lucie, FL, 34987, USA
| | - Joshua Maw
- Center for Therapeutics Discovery, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Alice Hooper
- Center for Therapeutics Discovery, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Dhiraj P. Sonawane
- Center for Therapeutics Discovery, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Matthew R. Porter
- Center for Therapeutics Discovery, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Breyanne E. Bannister
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Lipscomb University College of Pharmacy, Nashville, TN, 37204, USA
| | - Rachel D. Crouch
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Lipscomb University College of Pharmacy, Nashville, TN, 37204, USA
| | - A. Abigail Lindsey
- Center for Therapeutics Discovery, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Gabriella Lakatos
- Center for Therapeutics Discovery, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Steven R. Martinez
- Center for Therapeutics Discovery, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Joseph Alvarado
- Center for Therapeutics Discovery, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Wendell S. Akers
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Lipscomb University College of Pharmacy, Nashville, TN, 37204, USA
| | - Nancy S. Wang
- Center for Therapeutics Discovery, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Jae U. Jung
- Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
- Center for Global and Emerging Pathogens Research, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Jonathan D. Macdonald
- Center for Therapeutics Discovery, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Shaun R. Stauffer
- Center for Therapeutics Discovery, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
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14
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Shin WJ, Gautam MK, Shim JY, Lee HS, Park S, Lee KS. Spatial distributions of strontium isotope ratios in human hair and tap water from South Korea. Sci Total Environ 2022; 806:151352. [PMID: 34728202 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.151352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Natural variations of 87Sr/86Sr ratios in biological samples, such as human hair, provide a biological record of provenance. Spatial distribution maps reflecting heterogeneity in isotopic signatures across large geographical regions are helpful for discerning the provenance and mobility of organisms. In this national-scale study conducted across South Korea, we investigated the spatial distribution patterns of 87Sr/86Sr ratios in human hair and tap water samples to determine their spatial variabilities and the relationships of isotopic signatures between hair and tap water. The strontium isoscapes of tap water and hair showed similar spatial distribution patterns. Non-parametric comparison indicated no significant differences in isotopic ratios between the two sample types. The 87Sr/86Sr ratios in human hair showed a significant and strong correlation with the ratios in tap water in eastern Korea, suggesting potential use of 87Sr/86Sr ratios in provenance studies. However, tap water and hair samples from western Korea did not show significant correlation between them, overall reducing the predictive power of the hair 87Sr/86Sr ratios for provenance studies. The deviation between 87Sr/86Srtap water and 87Sr/86Srhair was much larger in western coastal areas than in eastern Korea. Relatively high utilization of groundwater or exogenous materials, such as Asian dust, may have been responsible for this pattern. To fully utilize the potential of the strontium isotope signature as a biorecorder in provenance studies, it is essential to evaluate the effects of groundwater and other exogenous materials on the isotope signatures of hair and other biological samples. In this study, only hair samples from males were used to develop 87Sr/86Sr isoscapes. Therefore, further studies are required to examine the applicability of 87Sr/86Sr hair isoscapes based solely on human hair samples from males to forensic and provenance studies of human hair samples from females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woo-Jin Shin
- Research Center for Geochronology and Isotope Analysis, Korea Basic Science Institute, Cheongju-si, Chungbuk 28119, Republic of Korea
| | - Mukesh Kumar Gautam
- Research Center for Geochronology and Isotope Analysis, Korea Basic Science Institute, Cheongju-si, Chungbuk 28119, Republic of Korea; Biology Department, Medgar Evers College, City University of New York, New York, NY 11225, USA
| | - Ji-Yu Shim
- Research Center for Geochronology and Isotope Analysis, Korea Basic Science Institute, Cheongju-si, Chungbuk 28119, Republic of Korea; Graduate School of Analytical Science and Technology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Han-Seul Lee
- Research Center for Geochronology and Isotope Analysis, Korea Basic Science Institute, Cheongju-si, Chungbuk 28119, Republic of Korea; Graduate School of Analytical Science and Technology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Sanghee Park
- Center for Research Equipment, Korea Basic Science Institute, Cheongju-si, Chungbuk 28119, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang-Sik Lee
- Research Center for Geochronology and Isotope Analysis, Korea Basic Science Institute, Cheongju-si, Chungbuk 28119, Republic of Korea; Graduate School of Analytical Science and Technology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea.
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15
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Choi SH, Shin WJ, Bong YS, Lee KS. Determination of the geographic origin of garlic using the bioelement content and isotope signatures. Food Control 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2021.108339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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16
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Foo SS, Cambou MC, Mok T, Fajardo VM, Jung KL, Fuller T, Chen W, Kerin T, Mei J, Bhattacharya D, Choi Y, Wu X, Xia T, Shin WJ, Cranston J, Aldrovandi G, Tobin N, Contreras D, Ibarrondo FJ, Yang O, Yang S, Garner O, Cortado R, Bryson Y, Janzen C, Ghosh S, Devaskar S, Asilnejad B, Moreira ME, Vasconcelos Z, Soni PR, Gibson LC, Brasil P, Comhair SA, Arumugaswami V, Erzurum SC, Rao R, Jung JU, Nielsen-Saines K. The systemic inflammatory landscape of COVID-19 in pregnancy: Extensive serum proteomic profiling of mother-infant dyads with in utero SARS-CoV-2. Cell Rep Med 2021; 2:100453. [PMID: 34723226 PMCID: PMC8549189 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2021.100453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2020] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
While pregnancy increases the risk for severe COVID-19, the clinical and immunological implications of COVID-19 on maternal-fetal health remain unknown. Here, we present the clinical and immunological landscapes of 93 COVID-19 mothers and 45 of their SARS-CoV-2-exposed infants through comprehensive serum proteomics profiling for >1,400 cytokines of their peripheral and cord blood specimens. Prenatal SARS-CoV-2 infection triggers NF-κB-dependent proinflammatory immune activation. Pregnant women with severe COVID-19 show increased inflammation and unique IFN-λ antiviral signaling, with elevated levels of IFNL1 and IFNLR1. Furthermore, SARS-CoV-2 infection re-shapes maternal immunity at delivery, altering the expression of pregnancy complication-associated cytokines, inducing MMP7, MDK, and ESM1 and reducing BGN and CD209. Finally, COVID-19-exposed infants exhibit induction of T cell-associated cytokines (IL33, NFATC3, and CCL21), while some undergo IL-1β/IL-18/CASP1 axis-driven neonatal respiratory distress despite birth at term. Our findings demonstrate COVID-19-induced immune rewiring in both mothers and neonates, warranting long-term clinical follow-up to mitigate potential health risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suan-Sin Foo
- Department of Cancer Biology, Infection Biology Program, and Global Center for Pathogen Research and Human Health, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Mary Catherine Cambou
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Thalia Mok
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Viviana M. Fajardo
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Kyle L. Jung
- Department of Cancer Biology, Infection Biology Program, and Global Center for Pathogen Research and Human Health, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Trevon Fuller
- Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil
| | - Weiqiang Chen
- Department of Cancer Biology, Infection Biology Program, and Global Center for Pathogen Research and Human Health, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Tara Kerin
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Jenny Mei
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Debika Bhattacharya
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Younho Choi
- Department of Cancer Biology, Infection Biology Program, and Global Center for Pathogen Research and Human Health, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Xin Wu
- Department of Cancer Biology, Infection Biology Program, and Global Center for Pathogen Research and Human Health, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Tian Xia
- Department of Cancer Biology, Infection Biology Program, and Global Center for Pathogen Research and Human Health, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Woo-Jin Shin
- Department of Cancer Biology, Infection Biology Program, and Global Center for Pathogen Research and Human Health, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Jessica Cranston
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Grace Aldrovandi
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Nicole Tobin
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Deisy Contreras
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Francisco J. Ibarrondo
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Otto Yang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Shangxin Yang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Omai Garner
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Ruth Cortado
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Yvonne Bryson
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Carla Janzen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Shubhamoy Ghosh
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Sherin Devaskar
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Brenda Asilnejad
- Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, DC 20007, USA
| | | | - Zilton Vasconcelos
- Instituto Fernades Figueira, Fiocruz, Flamengo, Rio de Janeiro 20140-360, Brazil
| | - Priya R. Soni
- Department of Pediatrics, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90049, USA
| | - L. Caroline Gibson
- Department of Pediatrics, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90049, USA
| | - Patricia Brasil
- Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil
| | - Suzy A.A. Comhair
- Respiratory Institute, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Vaithilingaraja Arumugaswami
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Serpil C. Erzurum
- Respiratory Institute, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Rashmi Rao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Jae U. Jung
- Department of Cancer Biology, Infection Biology Program, and Global Center for Pathogen Research and Human Health, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA,Corresponding author
| | - Karin Nielsen-Saines
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA,Corresponding author
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17
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Lee HS, Shim JY, Shin WJ, Choi SH, Bong YS, Lee KS. Dietary homogenization and spatial distributions of carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur isotope ratios in human hair in South Korea. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0256404. [PMID: 34415968 PMCID: PMC8378694 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0256404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Dietary homogenization has progressed worldwide due to westernization and the globalization of food production systems. We investigated dietary heterogeneity in South Korea by examining the spatial distribution of carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and sulfur (S) isotope ratios using 264 human hair samples. Overall, variation in isotope values was small, indicating low dietary heterogeneity. We detected differences in δ13C, δ15N, and δ34S values between administrative provinces and metropolitan cities; inter-regional differences were typically < 1 ‰. Values of δ34S were significantly lower in hair samples from inland regions relative to those from coastal locations, and a similar pattern was observed in δ15N values. Understanding geographic variation in δ34S and δ15N values in human hair is useful for provenancing humans in South Korea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han-Seul Lee
- Research Center for Geochronology and Isotope Analysis, Korea Basic Science Institute, Cheongju-si, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
- Graduate School of Analytical Science and Technology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Yu Shim
- Research Center for Geochronology and Isotope Analysis, Korea Basic Science Institute, Cheongju-si, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
- Graduate School of Analytical Science and Technology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo-Jin Shin
- Research Center for Geochronology and Isotope Analysis, Korea Basic Science Institute, Cheongju-si, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Hyun Choi
- Center for Research Equipment, Korea Basic Science Institute, Cheongju-si, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeon-Sik Bong
- Center for Research Equipment, Korea Basic Science Institute, Cheongju-si, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang-Sik Lee
- Research Center for Geochronology and Isotope Analysis, Korea Basic Science Institute, Cheongju-si, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
- Graduate School of Analytical Science and Technology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail:
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18
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Gautam MK, Song BY, Shin WJ, Bong YS, Lee KS. Spatial variations in oxygen and hydrogen isotopes in waters and human hair across South Korea. Sci Total Environ 2020; 726:138365. [PMID: 32320869 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Revised: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The spatial distribution of isotopic signatures in the form of isoscape is a valuable tool to map their spatial heterogeneity in various environmental settings. However, only limited information about δ18O and δ2H in water across South Korea is available and to our knowledge no study so far has tried to examine the isotopic heterogeneity of tap water and human scalp hair in South Korea. Here, we present the first national scale analyses of stream water, groundwater, tap water, and human scalp hair isoscapes for South Korea. Stream water, groundwater, tap water, and human scalp hair samples were collected from across South Korea. These samples were analyzed for δ18O and δ2H, and the isotopic data were then used to generate interpolated δ18O and δ2H isoscapes for South Korea. The results of linear regression analyses showed strong and significant relationships between δ18Ohair and δ18Owater (R2 = 0.83, P < 0.002) and between δ2Hhair and δ2Hwater (R2 = 0.74, P < 0.006), primarily reflecting a close co-relationship between water and hair. The slopes of linear regressions for δ18O (Δδ18Ohair/Δδ18Owater) and δ2H (Δδ2Hhair/Δδ2Hwater) suggested that approximately 27% of hydrogen and 36% of oxygen in hair keratin were derived from the local drinking water. Interpolated δ18O and δ2H isotope maps of stream water, groundwater, and tap water samples collected from across South Korea showed similar spatial patterns of isotope variability. These samples showed a clear latitudinal gradient with high isotopic values in the south which progressively decrease toward the north. The same trends were observed in hair isoscapes as well, and had gradients matching the isotopic pattern of water samples. The strong relationship between water and human hair, and the consistent spatial pattern between them suggest that hair isotope signatures in South Korea can be used in provenance- and forensic-related activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mukesh Kumar Gautam
- Division of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Korea Basic Science Institute, Ochang, Chungbuk 28119, Republic of Korea; Biology Department, Medgar Evers College, City University of New York, New York, NY 11225, USA
| | - Byeong-Yeol Song
- Division of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Korea Basic Science Institute, Ochang, Chungbuk 28119, Republic of Korea; Chemical Analysis Division, National Forensic Service, Wonju 26460, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo-Jin Shin
- Division of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Korea Basic Science Institute, Ochang, Chungbuk 28119, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeon-Sik Bong
- Division of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Korea Basic Science Institute, Ochang, Chungbuk 28119, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang-Sik Lee
- Division of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Korea Basic Science Institute, Ochang, Chungbuk 28119, Republic of Korea.
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19
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Abstract
Function and strength of the deltoid muscle are important in reverse shoulder arthroplasty (RSA). Moreover, location and shape of the acromion, clavicle, and scapular spine, which are origins of the deltoid muscle, are also important. The frequency of os acromiale is 5% to 15%; however, it is rare in the Asian population, affecting approximately 0.7% of Koreans. RSA has rarely been reported in patients with os acromiale. We present a case series of two patients with cuff tear and arthropathy combined with os acromiale who underwent RSA. From 2016 to 2018, two patients with os acromiale who presented with pain and limited range of motion (ROM) underwent RSA with cuff tear arthropathy using the subscapularis-sparing deltopectoral approach. Their ROM, visual analog scale (VAS), and satisfaction were evaluated before and after surgery. In both patients, VAS decreased, ROM increased, and postoperative satisfaction increased. There were no specific complications due to os acromiale. The VAS, ROM, and satisfaction of patients improved after surgery compared with values before surgery. However, careful attention must be given during surgery to ensure optimal repair and recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woo-Jin Shin
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Gwangju Veterans Hospital, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Hyun-Ju Lee
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Gwangju Veterans Hospital, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Ki-Yong An
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Gwangju Veterans Hospital, Gwangju, Korea
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20
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Gautam MK, Song BY, Shin WJ, Bong YS, Lee KS. Datasets for spatial variation of O and H isotopes in waters and hair across South Korea. Data Brief 2020; 30:105666. [PMID: 32426436 PMCID: PMC7225389 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2020.105666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 10/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The data presented here include the results of oxygen (δ18O) and hydrogen (δ2H) isotope analyses of water and human scalp hair samples collected from throughout the South Korea. The purpose of data collection was to generate isoscapes of oxygen and hydrogen isotopes for South Korea. To achieve the objective, we collected human scalp hair and three different types of water samples: groundwater, stream water and tap water. The data presented in the article are raw isotope data of water and hair samples in tabulated manner and interpolated isoscapes generated using those data. Further information related to the datasets and discussion about them can be found in the related research article entitled "Spatial variations in oxygen and hydrogen isotopes in waters and human hair across South Korea" [1].
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Affiliation(s)
- Mukesh Kumar Gautam
- Division of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Korea Basic Science Institute, Ochang, Chungbuk 28119, Republic of Korea.,Biology Department, Medgar Evers College, City University of New York, New York, NY 11225, USA
| | - Byeong-Yeol Song
- Division of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Korea Basic Science Institute, Ochang, Chungbuk 28119, Republic of Korea.,Chemical Analysis Division, National Forensic Service, Wonju 26460, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo-Jin Shin
- Division of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Korea Basic Science Institute, Ochang, Chungbuk 28119, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeon-Sik Bong
- Division of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Korea Basic Science Institute, Ochang, Chungbuk 28119, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang-Sik Lee
- Division of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Korea Basic Science Institute, Ochang, Chungbuk 28119, Republic of Korea
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21
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Shin WJ, Ryu JS, Choi HB, Yun ST, Lee KS. Monitoring the movement of artificially injected CO 2 at a shallow experimental site in Korea using carbon isotopes. J Environ Manage 2020; 258:110030. [PMID: 31929066 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.110030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Revised: 12/08/2019] [Accepted: 12/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The greenhouse effect is closely related to elevated atmospheric CO2 concentrations and therefore, carbon capture and storage (CCS) has attracted attention worldwide as a method for preventing the release of CO2 into the atmosphere, which highlights the importance of monitoring CO2 released from subsurface deposits. In this study, CO2 gas with a δ13C value of -30‰ was injected into soil through pipes installed at a depth of 2.5 m, and samples of CO2 gas released from the soil surface and three soil depths were collected from September 2015 to March 2016 to estimate subsurface CO2 movement. Before and after CO2 injection, the δ13C values of CO2 released from the soil surface ranged from -24.5 to -13.4‰ (average -20.2 ± 2.1‰, n = 25) and from -31.6 to -11.9‰ (average -23.2 ± 4.3‰, n = 49), respectively. The results indicated that the leakage of injected CO2 was successfully detected at the surface. The δ13C values were visualized using an interpolation map to estimate the subsurface CO2 distribution, which confirmed that diffusion of the injected CO2 gas extended to the soil zone where CO2 was not injected. Additionally, variation in δ13C for soil CO2 was detected at the three soil depths (15, 30, and 60 cm), where the values were -16.1, -20.0, and -22.1‰, respectively. Different δ13C values horizontally and vertically indicated that soil heterogeneity led to different CO2 migration pathways and rates. We suggest that the carbon isotope ratio of CO2 is an effective tool for concurrently monitoring CO2 leakage on and under surface in a soil zone if a thorough baseline study is carried out in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woo-Jin Shin
- Division of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Korea Basic Science Institute, Chungbuk, 28119, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Sik Ryu
- Division of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Korea Basic Science Institute, Chungbuk, 28119, Republic of Korea; Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Pukyong National University, Busan, 48513, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hye-Bin Choi
- Division of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Korea Basic Science Institute, Chungbuk, 28119, Republic of Korea; Department of Science Education, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Taek Yun
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang-Sik Lee
- Division of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Korea Basic Science Institute, Chungbuk, 28119, Republic of Korea.
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22
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Wang W, Shin WJ, Zhang B, Choi Y, Yoo JS, Zimmerman MI, Frederick TE, Bowman GR, Gross ML, Leung DW, Jung JU, Amarasinghe GK. The Cap-Snatching SFTSV Endonuclease Domain Is an Antiviral Target. Cell Rep 2020; 30:153-163.e5. [PMID: 31914382 PMCID: PMC7214099 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Revised: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (SFTSV) is a tick-borne virus with 12%-30% case mortality rates and is related to the Heartland virus (HRTV) identified in the United States. Together, SFTSV and HRTV are emerging segmented, negative-sense RNA viral (sNSV) pathogens with potential global health impact. Here, we characterize the amino-terminal cap-snatching endonuclease domain of SFTSV polymerase (L) and solve a 2.4-Å X-ray crystal structure. While the overall structure is similar to those of other cap-snatching sNSV endonucleases, differences near the C terminus of the SFTSV endonuclease suggest divergence in regulation. Influenza virus endonuclease inhibitors, including the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved Baloxavir (BXA), inhibit the endonuclease activity in in vitro enzymatic assays and in cell-based studies. BXA displays potent activity with a half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of ∼100 nM in enzyme inhibition and an EC50 value of ∼250 nM against SFTSV and HRTV in plaque assays. Together, our data support sNSV endonucleases as an antiviral target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjie Wang
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Woo-Jin Shin
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Bojie Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Younho Choi
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Ji-Seung Yoo
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Maxwell I Zimmerman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Thomas E Frederick
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Gregory R Bowman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Michael L Gross
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Daisy W Leung
- Division of Infectious Diseases, John T. Milliken Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Jae U Jung
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA.
| | - Gaya K Amarasinghe
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
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23
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Yan H, Foo SS, Chen W, Yoo JS, Shin WJ, Wu C, Jung JU. Efficient Inhibition of Human Papillomavirus Infection by L2 Minor Capsid-Derived Lipopeptide. mBio 2019; 10:e01834-19. [PMID: 31387913 PMCID: PMC6686047 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.01834-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The amino (N)-terminal region of human papillomavirus (HPV) minor capsid protein (L2) is a highly conserved region which is essential for establishing viral infection. Despite its importance in viral infectivity, the role of the HPV N-terminal domain has yet to be fully characterized. Using fine mapping analysis, we identified a 36-amino-acid (aa) peptide sequence of the L2 N terminus, termed L2N, that is critical for HPV infection. Ectopic expression of L2N with the transmembrane sequence on the target cell surface conferred resistance to HPV infection. Additionally, L2N peptide with chemical or enzymatic lipidation at the carboxyl (C) terminus efficiently abrogated HPV infection in target cells. Among the synthetic L2N lipopeptides, a stearoylated lipopeptide spanning aa 13 to 46 (13-46st) exhibited the most potent anti-HPV activity, with a half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of ∼200 pM. Furthermore, we demonstrated that the 13-46st lipopeptide inhibited HPV entry by blocking trans-Golgi network retrograde trafficking of virion particles, leading to rapid degradation. Fundamentally, the inhibitory effect of L2N lipopeptides appeared to be evolutionarily conserved, as they showed cross-type inhibition among various papillomaviruses. In conclusion, our findings provide new insights into the critical role of the L2N sequence in the HPV entry mechanism and identify the therapeutic potential of L2N lipopeptide as an effective anti-HPV agent.IMPORTANCE HPV is a human oncogenic virus that causes a major public health problem worldwide, which is responsible for approximately 5% of total human cancers and almost all cases of cervical cancers. HPV capsid consists of two structure proteins, the major capsid L1 protein and the minor capsid L2 protein. While L2 plays critical roles during the viral life cycle, the molecular mechanism in viral entry remains elusive. Here, we performed fine mapping of the L2 N-terminal region and defined a short 36-amino-acid peptide, called L2N, which is critical for HPV infection. Specifically, L2N peptide with carboxyl-terminal lipidation acted as a potent and cross-type HPV inhibitor. Taken together, data from our study highlight the essential role of the L2N sequence at the early step of HPV entry and suggests the L2N lipopeptide as a new strategy to broadly prevent HPV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Yan
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Suan-Sin Foo
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Weiqiang Chen
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Ji-Seung Yoo
- Department of Immunology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Woo-Jin Shin
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Christine Wu
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Jae U Jung
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
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24
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Pandey A, Shin WJ, Liu X, Mi Z. Effect of electron blocking layer on the efficiency of AlGaN mid-ultraviolet light emitting diodes. Opt Express 2019; 27:A738-A745. [PMID: 31252850 DOI: 10.1364/oe.27.00a738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The performance of AlGaN-based mid and deep ultraviolet light emitting diodes (LEDs) is severely limited by electron overflow and by the poor hole injection into the device active region. We have studied the effect of various electron blocking layers on the performance of AlGaN LEDs operating at ~280 nm. It is observed that, compared to conventional p-type electron blocking layer, the incorporation of an n-type AlN/AlGaN superlattice electron blocking layer before the active region can significantly improve the device performance by reducing electron overflow without compromising hole injection. Direct on-wafer measurement showed an external quantum efficiency ~4.4% and wall-plug efficiency ~2.8% by optimizing the design of n-type AlN/AlGaN superlattice electron blocking layer, which is nearly a factor of five to ten times better than identical devices but with the incorporation of a conventional p-type electron blocking layer.
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25
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Joun WT, Rossabi J, Shin WJ, Lee KK. Real-time multi-level CO 2 concentration monitoring in vadose zone wells and the implication for detecting leakage events. J Environ Manage 2019; 237:534-544. [PMID: 30825786 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.01.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Revised: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Multi-level wells screened at different depths in the vadose zone were installed and used for CO2 and carbon isotope monitoring. Well CO2 time series data were collected along with subsurface and atmospheric parameters such as air pressure, temperature, wind speed, and moisture content. Our aim was to determine the natural factors affecting the variation of CO2 concentration and how the influence of these factors varies with time of day and seasons of the year. We were motivated to understand the cause and extent of CO2 natural fluctuations in vadose zone wells in order to separate natural variation from signals due to anthropogenic CO2 leaks anticipating future monitoring using these wells. Variations of seasonal mean and variance of CO2 concentrations at different depths seem to follow the diurnal trend of subsurface temperature changes that reflect the atmospheric temperature but with time delay and amplitude damping due to heat transport considerations. The temperature in the ground lags behind the change in the atmospheric temperature, thus, the deeper the depth, the longer the time delay and the smaller the amplitude of the change. Monitored seasonal variation as shown in Appendix A shows the temperature-dependent depth-dependent CO2 production in the soil zone indicating higher CO2 concentrations in the summer and fall seasons with high concentrations ranging between 10,990 and 51,600 ppm from spring to summer, and 40,100 and 17,760 ppm from fall to winter. As the temperature in the organic-rich topsoil layer changes from daytime to nighttime, the concentration of CO2 in the soils also changes dynamically in response to chemical and biological reactions. When a screened well is installed in the vadose zone the dynamic temporal and depth difference in CO2 production is further complicated by upward (out of the subsurface) or downward (into the subsurface) gas flow, which will amplify or attenuate the temporal and vertical biochemically produced differences. Nested wells screened at different depths in the vadose zone and wells fully screened through the vadose zone were used for comparison. In addition, experiments changing the well from open to surface air to sealed at the top were conducted. The flow rates of inhaled (downward) and exhaled (upward) gas were estimated based on multi-level monitoring data. Based on time-series monitoring data, we proposed a time-dependent conceptual model to explain the changes of CO2 concentration in wells. The conceptual model was tested through analytical model computations. This conceptual model of natural variation of CO2 will be helpful in utilizing the vadose zone well as a method for monitoring CO2 leakage from subsurface storage or anthropogenic CO2 -producing activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Won-Tak Joun
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Seoul National Univ., Seoul, 151-747, South Korea
| | | | - Woo-Jin Shin
- Division of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Ochang Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, South Korea
| | - Kang-Kun Lee
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Seoul National Univ., Seoul, 151-747, South Korea.
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION The emergence of drug-resistant influenza virus strains highlights the need for new antiviral therapeutics to combat future pandemic outbreaks as well as continuing seasonal cycles of influenza. Areas covered: This review summarizes the mechanisms of current FDA-approved anti-influenza drugs and patterns of resistance to those drugs. It also discusses potential novel targets for broad-spectrum antiviral drugs and recent progress in novel drug design to overcome drug resistance in influenza. Expert opinion: Using the available structural information about drug-binding pockets, research is currently underway to identify molecular interactions that can be exploited to generate new antiviral drugs. Despite continued efforts, antivirals targeting viral surface proteins like HA, NA, and M2, are all susceptible to developing resistance. Structural information on the internal viral polymerase complex (PB1, PB2, and PA) provides a new avenue for influenza drug discovery. Host factors, either at the initial step of viral infection or at the later step of nuclear trafficking of viral RNP complex, are being actively pursued to generate novel drugs with new modes of action, without resulting in drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woo-Jin Shin
- a Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine , University of Southern California , Los Angeles , CA , USA
| | - Baik L Seong
- b Department of Biotechnology , College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University , Seoul , South Korea.,c Vaccine Translational Research Center , Yonsei University , Seoul , South Korea
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Park SJ, Kim YI, Park A, Kwon HI, Kim EH, Si YJ, Song MS, Lee CH, Jung K, Shin WJ, Zeng J, Choi Y, Jung JU, Choi YK. Ferret animal model of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome phlebovirus for human lethal infection and pathogenesis. Nat Microbiol 2018; 4:438-446. [PMID: 30531978 DOI: 10.1038/s41564-018-0317-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome phlebovirus (SFTSV), listed in the most dangerous pathogens by the World Health Organization, has 12-30% fatality rates with a characteristic thrombocytopenia syndrome. With a majority of clinically diagnosed SFTSV patients older than ~50 years of age, age is a critical risk factor for SFTSV morbidity and mortality. Here, we report an age-dependent ferret model of SFTSV infection and pathogenesis that fully recapitulates the clinical manifestations of human infections. Whereas young adult ferrets (≤2 years of age) did not show any clinical symptoms and mortality, SFTSV-infected aged ferrets (≥4 years of age) demonstrated severe thrombocytopenia, reduced white blood cell counts and high fever with 93% mortality rate. Moreover, a significantly higher viral load was observed in aged ferrets. Transcriptome analysis of SFTSV-infected young ferrets revealed strong interferon-mediated anti-viral signalling, whereas inflammatory immune responses were markedly upregulated and persisted in aged ferrets. Thus, this immunocompetent age-dependent ferret model should be useful for anti-SFTSV therapy and vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Jin Park
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea.,Zoonotic Infectious Diseases Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Il Kim
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea.,Zoonotic Infectious Diseases Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Angela Park
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Hyeok-Il Kwon
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea.,Zoonotic Infectious Diseases Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Ha Kim
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea.,Zoonotic Infectious Diseases Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Jae Si
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea.,Zoonotic Infectious Diseases Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Suk Song
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea.,Zoonotic Infectious Diseases Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Chul-Ho Lee
- Laboratory Animal Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyle Jung
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Woo-Jin Shin
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jianxiong Zeng
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Younho Choi
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jae U Jung
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Young Ki Choi
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea. .,Zoonotic Infectious Diseases Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea.
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Shin WJ, Choi SH, Ryu JS, Song BY, Song JH, Park S, Min JS. Discrimination of the geographic origin of pork using multi-isotopes and statistical analysis. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 2018; 32:1843-1850. [PMID: 30074644 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.8251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Revised: 07/22/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE While global pork production has grown exponentially in recent decades to 109 Mt in 2010, methods aimed at verifying the geographic origin of pork products have yet to be thoroughly investigated. Here, we analyzed pork samples available in South Korea in order to discriminate their geographic origin. METHODS A total of the 37 pork samples originated from South Korea and other countries (Denmark, Germany, France, Spain, Canada and Mexico) were collected in order to classify their geographic origins using multi-isotope ratios, such as δ18 O, δ2 H, δ13 C, δ15 N values measured by IRMS, 87 Sr/86 Sr ratios measured by MC-ICP-MS, and multivariate statistical approaches. RESULTS There is a wide range of 87 Sr/86 Sr ratios in the pork samples, varying from 0.70779 to 0.71245, due to the lithology where the pork was raised. Canadian samples displayed the lowest δ18 O and δ2 H values mainly due to the latitude effect. Furthermore, the δ13 C values of European and Canadian samples were lower than those of Korean and Mexican samples, depending on whether the feed was composed of either C3 or C4 plants. The δ15 N values of the European and Canadian samples were much higher than those of the other samples, possibly resulting from the δ15 N values of the feed. CONCLUSIONS While differences in pork samples were observed that depended on geographic origin, this study suggests that more detailed investigations are needed to validate whether a combination of multi-isotope and multivariate statistical approaches is a valid method for determining the geographic origin of pork.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woo-Jin Shin
- Division of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Korea Basic Science Institute, Chungbuk, 28119, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Hyun Choi
- Division of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Korea Basic Science Institute, Chungbuk, 28119, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Sik Ryu
- Division of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Korea Basic Science Institute, Chungbuk, 28119, Republic of Korea
| | - Byeong-Yeol Song
- Chemical Analysis Division, National Forensic Service, Gangwon, 26460, Republic of Korea
| | - Joo-Hyun Song
- Chemical Analysis Division, National Forensic Service, Gangwon, 26460, Republic of Korea
| | - Sanghee Park
- Division of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Korea Basic Science Institute, Chungbuk, 28119, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Sook Min
- Chemical Analysis Division, National Forensic Service, Gangwon, 26460, Republic of Korea
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Park Y, Kim Y, Park SK, Shin WJ, Lee KS. Water quality impacts of irrigation return flow on stream and groundwater in an intensive agricultural watershed. Sci Total Environ 2018; 630:859-868. [PMID: 29499541 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.02.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Revised: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 02/10/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Irrigation return flow can include contaminants derived from agricultural practices, and then deteriorate the quality of surface and subsurface water within the watershed. Thus, it is important to estimate the effect of irrigation return flow on water chemistry/quality. To do that water samples were collected between November 2004 and December 2005 from stream and groundwater in a small watershed that contains extensive rice paddy fields. The water isotopic compositions represented seasonal variation, particularly in downstream of main channel and the tributary. In April and May, water samples in the downstream and tributary could not be explained by three-component (soil water, groundwater and rainfall) hydrograph separation models (THSM). These results indicated that the stream water was affected by high evaporation and that another water body (e.g. quick return flow) impacted on THSM. Plot of Cl/NO3 and NO3/HCO3 showed that the water chemistry of all water samples was mainly regulated by soil water and groundwater. In addition, the water chemistry was related to water derived from rice paddy fields (WR) and manure. Manure impacted the water chemistry in tributary, one of the shallow groundwaters and the deep groundwaters, whereas that water in downstream was affected by WR. On a plot of δ15NNO3 and δ18ONO3 values, many samples were in a cluster indicative of manure and on a denitrification line. These imply that irrigation return flow characterized by denitrification processes was involved in determining the water chemistry. We suggest that chemical and multi-isotopes approach combined with the THSM is useful to elucidate the sources and processes controlling water chemistry in stream associated with rice paddy fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youngyun Park
- Division of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Ochang Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, 162 Yeongudanji-ro, Ochang-eup, Cheongwon-gu, Cheongju-si 28119, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea; Department of Geology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 200-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Yongje Kim
- Groundwater & Ecohydrology Research Center, Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources, 124 Gwahang-no, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34132, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Ki Park
- Department of Rural Construction Engineering, Kongju National University, Yesan 340-702, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo-Jin Shin
- Division of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Ochang Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, 162 Yeongudanji-ro, Ochang-eup, Cheongwon-gu, Cheongju-si 28119, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kwang-Sik Lee
- Division of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Ochang Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, 162 Yeongudanji-ro, Ochang-eup, Cheongwon-gu, Cheongju-si 28119, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea.
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30
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Bae SY, Lee JH, Shin WJ. Morphological Analysis of Tibiofibular Disruption Using CT images in Ankle Fractures with Unstable Syndesmotic Injury. Foot & Ankle Orthopaedics 2018. [DOI: 10.1177/2473011418s00022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Category: Trauma Introduction/Purpose: We aimed to investigate the diagnostic value of CT scan and the morphologic pattern of distal tibiofibular disruption associated with fracture-type or concomitant avulsion fractures in cases of ankle fracture with unstable syndesmosis requiring surgical fixation. Methods: 104 cases images(preoperative plane radiographs and CT axial images) of ankle fractures needed syndesmotic fixation due to unstable syndesmosis on intraoperative stress test were retrospectively reviewed. We classified ankle fractures by Lauge-Hansen classification and AO-OTA classification. Also, associated tibiofibular avulsion fractures including anterior distal tibiofibular avulsion fractures and posterior malleolar fractures were identified. Classification of posterior malleolar fractures based on Bartonícek-Rammelt classification was conducted. We grouped morphologic patterns of distal tibiofibular disruption which is 10 mm proximal to the plafond on CT axial images. We divided them into no diastasis, symmetric diastasis, anterior open, and posterior open according to the diastasis pattern, and no translation, anterior translation, and posterior translation depending on sagittal translation. Chi-square test/Fisher’s exact test and adjusted residual analysis were used for statistical analysis. Results: On LH classification, SER in 78(75%), PER in 18(17.3%), and PA in 8(7.7%). AITFL avulsions were in 37(35.6%) and PM fractures in 58(55.8%). Diastasis patterns were recorded in 30(28.8%) of no diastasis, 41(39.4%) of symmetric diastasis, 3(2.9%) of anterior open, and 30(28.8%) of posterior open. Depending on sagittal translation, 53(51.0%) of no translation, 44(42.3%) of anterior translation, and 7(6.7%) of posterior translation. Neither diastasis nor sagittal translation was revealed by CT in 17.3% of all. Syndesmotic morphologic pattern was various in SER [no diastasis (35.9%, AR=2.7), posterior open (35.9%, AR=2.7), and anterior translation (48.7%, AR=2.3)] whereas PER had relatively consistent pattern (symmetric diastasis in 88.9%, AR=4.7). Tibiofibular avulsion fractures such as Charput and PM fracture did not create distinct feature of widening. Conclusion: In terms of syndesmotic disruption pattern by CT images, PER fractures tend to show simple symmetric diastasis pattern, but SER fractures have a variety of patterns including normal appearance. Even if associated avulsion fracture do not make certain diastasis feature on static CT images, we still have to be careful not to overlook the syndesmotic instability. Diagnostic value of static imaging such as CT may not be higher than expected if not accompanied with intraoperative dynamic stress test.
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Bae SY, Chung HJ, Lee JH, Shin WJ, Junseok L. Radiological outcome from Tight-RopeTM fixation for acute syndesmotic injury. Foot & Ankle Orthopaedics 2018. [DOI: 10.1177/2473011418s00148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Category: Trauma Introduction/Purpose: The reduction and maintenance of tibiofibular joint is essential in the treatment of syndesmotic ankle injury. Tight-RopeTM (Arthrex, Naples, FL, USA) has been used recently but suspected in terms of tightening and sustaining power in spite of biomechanical results. We aimed to assess fixation-tightness and delayed syndesmotic widening after rehabilitation in syndesmotic injuries treated with Tight-RopeTM comparing with conventional screws. Methods: 62 consecutive patients with acute syndesmotic injury were retrospectively reviewed. They were divided into 28 cases of Tight-RopeTM(TR) group and 34 cases of conventional screw fixation(Screw) group. We divided them into subgroups along the fixation methods such as 2 screws, 1 screw, TR only, and TR combined with screw. We analyzed syndesmotic widening by percentage. We measured tibiofibular clear space(TFCS) and tibiofibular overlap(TFOL). Tibiofibular clear space ratio and tibiofibular overlap ratio is measured as a ratio of tibiofibular clear space and tibiofibular overlap to the width of talar dome at preoperative, immediate postoperative, 3 months, and last (one year) visit time points and measured as a percentage of each measured value on the injured side to that on the contralateral side at the respective time points. The independent t-test and paired t-test were used for statistical analysis. Results: Mean TFCS ratio at each time point was 145.7±43.8%, 80.6±29.3%, 95.2±32.5%, and 96.3±31.1% in TR group and 126.2±42.6%, 73.9±22.6%, 104.8±59.2%, 106.4±35.0% in screw group. There were no statistical differences between groups in all 4 time points, no meaningful difference between subgroups. TFCS widening at 3 months in TR was less than screw group but no statistical significance. The TFCS was significantly tightened postoperatively then widened at 3 months and no meaningful change until last visit on both group. Mean TFOL ratio at each point was 51.84±43.6%, 119.2±36.7%, 110.7±44.5%, 96.8±27.7% in TR and 65.7±34.5%, 110.8±36.6%, 114.2±45.6%, 102.4±37.8% in screw group. There was no statistical difference between groups and subgroups. The overlap was increased postoperatively and no change between every sequential time points until last visit. Conclusion: The Tight-RopeTM fixation has a similar tightening and sustaining power compared to conventional screws and it was determined that the sustaining capacity did not decreased with time. Tight-RopeTM fixation can be effective treatment because it enables effective fixation, early weight-bearing and rehabilitation after surgery, and maintaining device for longer time in severe injury.
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Nha KW, Ha Y, Oh S, Nikumbha VP, Kwon SK, Shin WJ, Lee BH, Hong KB. Surgical Treatment With Closing-Wedge Distal Femoral Osteotomy for Recurrent Patellar Dislocation With Genu Valgum. Am J Sports Med 2018; 46:1632-1640. [PMID: 29688749 DOI: 10.1177/0363546518765479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Closing-wedge distal femoral osteotomy (CWDFO)-combined with medial reefing and lateral release, if necessary- has been used to treat recurrent patellar dislocation (RPD) with genu valgum. PURPOSE To evaluate the clinical and radiologic outcomes of surgical treatment with CWDFO for treatment of RPD with genu valgum. STUDY DESIGN Case series; Level of evidence, 4. METHODS Fourteen consecutive patients (23 knees) with RPD and genu valgum were treated with CWDFO. Patients with a minimum 2-year follow-up period were eligible for this study. Patients with prior failed surgery were also eligible. Radiographic evaluation was performed with mechanical femorotibial and lateral distal femoral angle. The radiographic parameters presenting patellar positions and pathologic abnormalities associated with RPD were evaluated. Chondral lesion changes in second-look arthroscopic examination were examined, and clinical outcomes (eg, occurrence of redislocation, range of motion, and clinical scores) were assessed pre- and postoperatively at a minimum of 2 years. RESULTS At a mean follow-up of 30.7 months (range, 25-62 months), the mean mechanical femorotibial and mechanical lateral distal femoral angles changed significantly from valgus 5° (range, 2°-11°) to varus 3° (2°-11°; P < .001) and from 83° (range, 78°-86°) to 89° (84°-92°; P < .001), respectively. The mean patellar congruence angle improved from 40° lateral (range, 20°-53° lateral) to 4° medial (23° medial to 21° lateral; P < .001), as did the lateral patellofemoral angle from 26° (range, 8°-62°) to 9° (0°-15°; P < .001). Computed tomography scans showed that the mean distance of patellar lateral shift decreased from 13.5 mm (range, 4-22 mm) to 2.0 mm (-4 to 5 mm; P < .001). The mean tibial tubercle to trochlear groove distance significantly decreased from 20.4 to 13.5 mm ( P < .001), while the Caton-Deschamps ratio did not change significantly after surgery ( P = .984). Chondral lesions of the patella and trochlear groove significantly improved or were maintained. None of the patients experienced subluxation or redislocation after surgery. Patellar instability symptoms also improved, as validated by radiographic and other clinical outcomes. CONCLUSION CWDFO combined with medial reefing and lateral release successfully treated RPD with genu valgum for a minimum follow-up of 2 years, with improved patellar alignment and stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung Wook Nha
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Inje University Ilsan Paik Hospital, Ilsanseo-gu, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoonwon Ha
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Inje University Ilsan Paik Hospital, Ilsanseo-gu, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungmin Oh
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Inje University Ilsan Paik Hospital, Ilsanseo-gu, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Vivek P Nikumbha
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mumbai Port Trust Hospital, Mumbai, India
| | - Sae Kwang Kwon
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Yonsei Sarang Hospital, Bucheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo-Jin Shin
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kang-Dong Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University Medical School, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Hoon Lee
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kang-Dong Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University Medical School, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Keun Bae Hong
- Kang-Dong Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University Medical School, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Seo GJ, Kim C, Shin WJ, Sklan EH, Eoh H, Jung JU. TRIM56-mediated monoubiquitination of cGAS for cytosolic DNA sensing. Nat Commun 2018; 9:613. [PMID: 29426904 PMCID: PMC5807518 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-02936-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Intracellular nucleic acid sensors often undergo sophisticated modifications that are critical for the regulation of antimicrobial responses. Upon recognition of DNA, the cytosolic sensor cyclic GMP-AMP (cGAMP) synthase (cGAS) produces the second messenger cGAMP, which subsequently initiates downstream signaling to induce interferon-αβ (IFNαβ) production. Here we report that TRIM56 E3 ligase-induced monoubiquitination of cGAS is important for cytosolic DNA sensing and IFNαβ production to induce anti-DNA viral immunity. TRIM56 induces the Lys335 monoubiquitination of cGAS, resulting in a marked increase of its dimerization, DNA-binding activity, and cGAMP production. Consequently, TRIM56-deficient cells are defective in cGAS-mediated IFNαβ production upon herpes simplex virus-1 (HSV-1) infection. Furthermore, TRIM56-deficient mice show impaired IFNαβ production and high susceptibility to lethal HSV-1 infection but not to influenza A virus infection. This adds TRIM56 as a crucial component of the cytosolic DNA sensing pathway that induces anti-DNA viral innate immunity. The protein cGAS responds to the presence of cytosolic DNA by producing the second messenger cGAMP, which triggers antiviral interferon responses. Here, Seo et al. show that ubiquitination by the E3 ligase TRIM56 enhances cGAS activity and is important for the immune response against DNA viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gil Ju Seo
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Charlotte Kim
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Woo-Jin Shin
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Ella H Sklan
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA.,Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, 69978, Israel
| | - Hyungjin Eoh
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Jae U Jung
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woo-Jin Shin
- Department of Orthopedics, Inje University Sanggye Paik Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young-Woo Chung
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Gwangju Veterans Hospital, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Ki-Yong An
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Gwangju Veterans Hospital, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Jae-Woong Seo
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Gwangju Veterans Hospital, Gwangju, Korea
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Affiliation(s)
- Woo-Jin Shin
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Baik Lin Seong
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
- Vaccine Translational Research Center, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
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Shin WJ, Ryu JS, Mayer B, Lee KS, Kim I. Nitrogen, Sulfur, and Oxygen Isotope Ratios of Animal- and Plant-Based Organic Fertilizers Used in South Korea. J Environ Qual 2017; 46:559-567. [PMID: 28724098 DOI: 10.2134/jeq2017.01.0018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Organic fertilizers are increasingly used in agriculture in Asia and elsewhere. Tracer techniques are desirable to distinguish the fate of nutrients added to agroecosystems with organic fertilizers from those contained in synthetic fertilizers. Therefore, we determined the nitrogen, sulfur, and oxygen isotope ratios of nitrogen- and sulfur-bearing compounds in animal- and plant-based organic fertilizers (ABOF and PBOF, respectively) used in South Korea to evaluate whether they are isotopically distinct. The δN values of total and organic nitrogen for ABOF ranged from +7 to +19‰ and were higher than those of PBOF (generally <+6‰). This suggests that ABOFs have distinct δN values suitable for tracing these fertilizer compounds in the plant-soil-water system, whereas PBOFs have similar δN values to synthetic fertilizers. However, δO values for nitrate (δO) from organic fertilizer samples (<+17.0‰) were consistently lower than those of synthetic nitrate-containing fertilizers. The δS values of total sulfur, organic sulfur compounds (e.g., carbon-bonded sulfur and hydriodic acid-reducible sulfur), and sulfate for ABOFs yielded wide and overlapping ranges of +0.3 to +6.3, +0.9 to +7.2, and -2.6 to +14.2‰, whereas those for PBOFs varied from -3.4 to +7.7, +1.4 to +9.4, and -4.1 to +12.5‰, respectively, making it challenging to distinguish the fate of sulfur compounds from ABOF and PBOF in the environment using sulfur isotopes. We conclude that the δN values of ABOFs and the O values of organic fertilizers are distinct from those of synthetic fertilizers and are a promising tool for tracing the fate of nutrients added by organic fertilizers to agroecosystems.
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Song H, Shin WJ, Ryu JS, Shin HS, Chung H, Lee KS. Anthropogenic rare earth elements and their spatial distributions in the Han River, South Korea. Chemosphere 2017; 172:155-165. [PMID: 28068567 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.12.135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Revised: 12/26/2016] [Accepted: 12/27/2016] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Rare earth elements (REE) consist of lanthanides (from La to Lu), together with yttrium and scandium, in which anthropogenic REE, such as gadolinium (Gd), lanthanum (La), and samarium (Sm), has emerged as micro-contaminants in natural waters in highly developed countries. Here, we collected water samples in the Han River (HR) and its tributaries flowing through Seoul Capital Area, the world's second largest metropolitan area in order to examine how and to what extent anthropogenic REE anomalies may occur. Water samples show higher light REE concentrations than heavy REE concentrations, while wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) samples display much higher heavy REE concentrations due to high Gd concentration. The PAAS-normalized REE patterns indicate that WWTP samples display the pronounced positive Gd anomalies, in which anthropogenic Gd from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) diagnostic system occurs as a form of Gd complexation with either Cl- or SO42-. Due to the WWTP, both the HR and tributaries show also positive Gd anomalies and the anthropogenic Gd concentrations increase as a function of the distance from the Paldang dam. This result indicates a positive correlation between populaton, number of MRI instruments, and positive Gd anomaly. Similarly, positive La and Sm anomalies exist in the HR, indicating that the HR is also affected by their point sources. Based on the discharge rate and anthropogenic REE concentrations, their fluxes are estimated to be 952 ± 319 kg/yr, suggesting that this amount of fluxes could disturb REE distribution in the Yellow Sea, and pose harmful effects on aquatic ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeongseok Song
- Graduate School of Analytical Science and Technology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea; Division of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Korea Basic Science Institute, Chungbuk 28119, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo-Jin Shin
- Division of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Korea Basic Science Institute, Chungbuk 28119, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Sik Ryu
- Graduate School of Analytical Science and Technology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea; Division of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Korea Basic Science Institute, Chungbuk 28119, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hyung Seon Shin
- Division of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Korea Basic Science Institute, Chungbuk 28119, Republic of Korea
| | - Heesun Chung
- Graduate School of Analytical Science and Technology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang-Sik Lee
- Graduate School of Analytical Science and Technology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea; Division of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Korea Basic Science Institute, Chungbuk 28119, Republic of Korea
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Lee SW, Ryu JS, Min JS, Choi MY, Lee KS, Shin WJ. Discrimination of side-window glass of Korean autos by laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 2016; 30:1612-1618. [PMID: 27321849 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.7598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2016] [Revised: 05/02/2016] [Accepted: 05/03/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Fragments of glass from cars are often found at crime scenes and can be crucial evidence for solving the crime. The glass fragments are important as trace evidence at crime scenes related to car accidents and burgled homes. By identifying the origin of glass fragments, it is possible to infer the identity of a suspect. Our results represent a promising approach to a thorough forensic investigation of car glass. METHODS Thirty-five samples from the side windows of cars produced and used in South Korea were collected from the official agencies of five car manufacturers and from two glassmakers. In addition, 120 samples from side mirrors were collected from the same suppliers as well as from small businesses. Their chemical compositions (including Pb isotopes) were analyzed using laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) and linear discriminant analysis (LDA) was performed. RESULTS The percentages of major elements (Si, Ca, and Fe) in side-window glass varied within narrow ranges (30.0 ± 2.36%, 5.93 ± 0.52%, and 0.33 ± 0.05%, respectively), while the differences among Pb isotope ratios were not significant. In contrast, light rare earth elements (LREEs) were different from each glassmaker. From the LDA, the types of side-window glass were successfully discriminated according to car manufacturer, glassmaker, and even glass thickness. However, glass from side mirrors cannot be used for good forensic identifiers. CONCLUSIONS Discrimination techniques for side-window glass, although not for side mirrors, using chemical compositions combined with multivariate statistical analyses provide evidence for forensic investigations. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sin-Woo Lee
- Division of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Korea Basic Science Institute, Chungbuk, 28119, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Sik Ryu
- Division of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Korea Basic Science Institute, Chungbuk, 28119, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Sook Min
- Chemical Analysis Division, National Forensic Service, Wonju-si, 26460, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Man-Yong Choi
- Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Daejeon, 305-340, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang-Sik Lee
- Division of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Korea Basic Science Institute, Chungbuk, 28119, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo-Jin Shin
- Division of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Korea Basic Science Institute, Chungbuk, 28119, Republic of Korea
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Hyun YS, Kim GL, Choi SM, Shin WJ, Seo DY. A Novel Fluoroscopic View for Positioning the AO Clavicle Hook Plate Decreases Its Associated in situ Complications. Clin Shoulder Elb 2016. [DOI: 10.5397/cise.2016.19.1.25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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Shin WJ, Nam KY, Kim ND, Kim SH, No KT, Seong BL. Identification of a Small Benzamide Inhibitor of Influenza Virus Using a Cell-Based Screening. Chemotherapy 2016; 61:159-66. [PMID: 26821172 DOI: 10.1159/000441941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The zoonotic transmission of highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses and the global pandemic of H1N1 influenza in 2009 signified the need for a wider coverage of therapeutic options for the control of influenza. METHODS An in-house compound library was screened using a cytopathic effect inhibition assay. Selected hits were then tested in vivo and used as a core skeleton for derivative synthesis. RESULTS The hit compound (BMD-2601505) was effective [50% effective concentration (EC50) of 60-70 μM] in reducing the death rate of cells infected with human influenza A and B viruses as well as avian influenza A virus. Furthermore, BMD-2601505 reduced the weight loss and increased the survival after lethal infection. The compound was further modified to enhance its antiviral potency. Results show that one derivative with bromobenzene moiety was most effective (EC50 of 22-37 μM) against the influenza viruses tested. CONCLUSION We identified a small benzamide compound exhibiting antiviral activity against influenza viruses. The results warrant further evaluation of antiviral activities against drug-resistant influenza isolates.
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Lee JY, Kwon JW, Park JS, Han K, Shin WJ, Lee JG, Lee BH. Osteonecrosis of Femoral Head Treated with Extracorporeal Shock Wave Therapy: Analysis of Short-term Clinical Outcomes of Treatment with Radiologic Staging. Hip Pelvis 2015; 27:250-7. [PMID: 27536633 PMCID: PMC4972796 DOI: 10.5371/hp.2015.27.4.250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2015] [Revised: 08/28/2015] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To evaluate clinical results of extracorporeal shock wave therapy (ESWT) with radiographic staging on patients with avascular necrosis of femoral head (AVNFH). Materials and Methods We evaluated 24 patients diagnosed with AVNFH (32 hip joints) who were treated with ESWT from 1993 to 2012. Average follow-up period was 27 months, and the average age of patients was 47.8 years. The Association Research Circulation Osseous (ARCO) system was used to grade radiographic stage prior to treatment. For this study patients were divided into two groups based on their ARCO stage, group 1 (ARCO stages I and II) and group 2 (ARCO stage III). Comparative analyses were done between the two groups using the visual analogue scale (VAS) score and the Harris hip score (HHS) at pre-treatment and 3, 6, 12, and 24 months after treatment. Failure was defined when radiographic stage progressed or arthroplasty surgery was needed due to clinical exacerbation. Results Both groups showed clinical improvements with VAS scoring at final follow-up (group 1: median 7 to 1.5, P<0.001; group 2: mean 7 to 4, P=0.056). Using HHS, group 1 showed a significant improvement (from 65.5 to 95 [P<0.001]), while no significance was observed for group 2 (P=0.280). At final follow-up, 3 hips from group 1 and one hip from group 2 showed radiographic improvement; however, two patients underwent total hip arthroplasty due to persistent pain and dysfunction. Conclusion ESWT can be considered as an interventional option before surgical treatment in patients with not only early stage AVNFH but also with mid stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Young Lee
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kangdong Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae-Woo Kwon
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kangdong Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jung-Seob Park
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kangdong Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyeol Han
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kangdong Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Woo-Jin Shin
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kangdong Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jeong-Gil Lee
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kangdong Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Byung Hoon Lee
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kangdong Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Shin WJ, Ryu JS, Mayer B, Lee KS, Lee SW. Natural and anthropogenic sources and processes affecting water chemistry in two South Korean streams. Sci Total Environ 2014; 485-486:270-280. [PMID: 24727045 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.03.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2013] [Revised: 03/07/2014] [Accepted: 03/07/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Acid mine drainage (AMD) in a watershed provides potential sources of pollutants for surface and subsurface waters that can deteriorate water quality. Between March and early August 2011, water samples were collected from two streams in South Korea, one dominantly draining a watershed with carbonate bedrock affected by coal mines and another draining a watershed with silicate bedrock and a relatively undisturbed catchment area. The objective of the study was to identify the sources and processes controlling water chemistry, which was dependent on bedrock and land use. In the Odae stream (OS), the stream in the silicate-dominated catchment, Ca, Na, and HCO3 were the dominant ions and total dissolved solids (TDS) was low (26.1-165 mg/L). In the Jijang stream (JS), in the carbonate-dominated watershed, TDS (224-434 mg/L) and ion concentrations were typically higher, and Ca and SO4 were the dominant ions due to carbonate weathering and oxidation of pyrite exposed at coal mines. Dual isotopic compositions of sulfate (δ(34)SSO4 and δ(18)OSO4) verified that the SO4 in JS is derived mainly from sulfide mineral oxidation in coal mines. Cl in JS was highest upstream and decreased progressively downstream, which implies that pollutants from recreational facilities in the uppermost part of the catchment are the major source governing Cl concentrations within the discharge basin. Dual isotopic compositions of nitrate (δ(15)NNO3 and δ(18)ONO3) indicated that NO3 in JS is attributable to nitrification of soil organic matter but that NO3 in OS is derived mostly from manure. Additionally, the contributions of potential anthropogenic sources to the two streams were estimated in more detail by using a plot of δ(34)SSO4 and δ(15)NNO3. This study suggests that the dual isotope approach for sulfate and nitrate is an excellent additional tool for elucidating the sources and processes controlling the water chemistry of streams draining watersheds having different lithologies and land-use patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woo-Jin Shin
- Division of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Korea Basic Science Institute, Cheongwon-gun, Chungbuk 363-883, Republic of Korea; Department of Geoscience, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Jong-Sik Ryu
- Division of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Korea Basic Science Institute, Cheongwon-gun, Chungbuk 363-883, Republic of Korea
| | - Bernhard Mayer
- Department of Geoscience, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Kwang-Sik Lee
- Division of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Korea Basic Science Institute, Cheongwon-gun, Chungbuk 363-883, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sin-Woo Lee
- Division of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Korea Basic Science Institute, Cheongwon-gun, Chungbuk 363-883, Republic of Korea; Department of Geology, Chungnam National University, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-764, Republic of Korea
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43
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An KY, Shin WJ, Lee KJ. The necessity of bone densitometry for patients taking selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors. J Bone Metab 2013; 20:95-8. [PMID: 24524064 PMCID: PMC3910306 DOI: 10.11005/jbm.2013.20.2.95] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2013] [Revised: 10/23/2013] [Accepted: 10/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To analyze the necessity of bone densitometry for patients long-term taking selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI) over a long period of time, which is one of the risk factors of osteoporosis. METHODS We selected patients from 5 veterans hospitals who took SSRI for more than 2 months while taking bone densitometry on a regular basis. RESULTS Of the 85 patients from a total of 5 veterans hospitals taking SSRI for more than two months, only 34 patients were under diagnosis and treatment measures of osteoporosis through checking each person's bone mineral density. CONCLUSIONS It is necessary for patients taking SSRI to check bone density on a regular basis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ki-Yong An
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Gwangju Veterans Hospital, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Woo-Jin Shin
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Gwangju Veterans Hospital, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Kyu-Jung Lee
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Gwangju Veterans Hospital, Gwangju, Korea
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44
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Moon YJ, Jun IG, Shin WJ, Sang BH, Hwang GS. Comparison of pulse pressure variation with radial arterial systolic, diastolic and pulse transit time interval variation in pediatric patients undergoing liver transplantation. Crit Care 2013. [PMCID: PMC3642507 DOI: 10.1186/cc12141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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45
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Affiliation(s)
- Woo-Jin Shin
- College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Department of Biotechnology, Seoul 120-749, South Korea
| | - Baik Lin Seong
- College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Department of Biotechnology, Seoul 120-749, South Korea
- Yonsei University, Translational Research Center for Protein Function Control, Seoul 120-749, South Korea ;
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46
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Feng E, Shin WJ, Zhu X, Li J, Ye D, Wang J, Zheng M, Zuo JP, No KT, Liu X, Zhu W, Tang W, Seong BL, Jiang H, Liu H. Structure-Based Design and Synthesis of C-1- and C-4-Modified Analogs of Zanamivir as Neuraminidase Inhibitors. J Med Chem 2013; 56:671-84. [DOI: 10.1021/jm3009713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Enguang Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Drug
Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu chong zhi Road, Shanghai
201203, China
| | - Woo-Jin Shin
- Department
of Biotechnology,
College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, South Korea
| | - Xuelian Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug
Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu chong zhi Road, Shanghai
201203, China
| | - Jian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Drug
Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu chong zhi Road, Shanghai
201203, China
| | - Deju Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Drug
Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu chong zhi Road, Shanghai
201203, China
| | - Jiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug
Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu chong zhi Road, Shanghai
201203, China
| | - Mingyue Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Drug
Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu chong zhi Road, Shanghai
201203, China
| | - Jian-Ping Zuo
- State Key Laboratory of Drug
Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu chong zhi Road, Shanghai
201203, China
| | - Kyoung Tai No
- Department
of Biotechnology,
College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, South Korea
| | - Xian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug
Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu chong zhi Road, Shanghai
201203, China
| | - Weiliang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug
Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu chong zhi Road, Shanghai
201203, China
| | - Wei Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug
Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu chong zhi Road, Shanghai
201203, China
| | - Baik-Lin Seong
- Department
of Biotechnology,
College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, South Korea
| | - Hualiang Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug
Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu chong zhi Road, Shanghai
201203, China
| | - Hong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug
Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu chong zhi Road, Shanghai
201203, China
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47
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Bong YS, Shin WJ, Gautam MK, Jeong YJ, Lee AR, Jang CS, Lim YP, Chung GS, Lee KS. Determining the geographical origin of Chinese cabbages using multielement composition and strontium isotope ratio analyses. Food Chem 2012; 135:2666-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.07.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2010] [Revised: 05/08/2012] [Accepted: 07/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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48
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Huh IY, Kim YK, Shin WJ, Park SE, Bang JY, Hwang GS. Increased B-type natriuretic peptide during liver transplantation: relationship to invasively measured hemodynamic parameters. Transplant Proc 2012; 44:1318-22. [PMID: 22664008 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2012.01.140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2011] [Revised: 01/05/2012] [Accepted: 01/25/2012] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The role of B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) concentration in predicting cardiac dysfunction has been extensively investigated in many clinical conditions. Little is known, however, about its relationships with hemodynamic parameters from right heart catheterization in patients undergoing liver transplant surgery. METHODS We retrospectively evaluated 525 patients who underwent liver transplantation. Hemodynamic variables from a Swan-Ganz catheter and BNP concentrations were measured 1 hour after induction of general anesthesia. Patients were stratified by quintiles of BNP concentrations. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis were used to identify hemodynamic parameters associated with BNP ≥ 135 pg/mL, a cutoff point for the 5th quintile. RESULTS Univariate analysis showed that factors significantly associated with BNP ≥ 135 pg/mL included model for end-stage liver disease (MELD) score, diastolic blood pressure, mean pulmonary artery pressure, pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP), cardiac index, right ventricular end-diastolic volume index (RVEDVI), systemic vascular resistance index, pulmonary vascular resistance index (PVRI), and right ventricular stroke work index. Multivariate analysis revealed that MELD score (odds ratio [OR] = 1.059, P < .001), PCWP (OR = 1.116, P = .026), RVEDVI (OR = 1.010, P = .009), and PVRI (OR = 1.009, P = .002) were independent determinants of BNP ≥ 135 pg/mL. CONCLUSIONS Severity of liver disease, preload dependent hemodynamic parameters, and pulmonary vascular resistance were found to be significantly associated with increased BNP concentration, reinforcing the utility of BNP as a marker of cardiac strain and ventricular volume overload in liver failure patients undergoing liver transplant surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Y Huh
- Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan, Korea
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49
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Ye D, Shin WJ, Li N, Tang W, Feng E, Li J, He PL, Zuo JP, Kim H, Nam KY, Zhu W, Seong BL, Tai No K, Jiang H, Liu H. Synthesis of C-4-modified zanamivir analogs as neuraminidase inhibitors and their anti-AIV activities. Eur J Med Chem 2012; 54:764-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2012.06.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2012] [Revised: 06/11/2012] [Accepted: 06/15/2012] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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50
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Heo SY, Shin WJ, Lee SW, Bong YS, Lee KS. Using stable isotope analysis to discriminate gasoline on the basis of its origin. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 2012; 26:517-522. [PMID: 22302491 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.6130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Leakage of gasoline and diesel from underground tanks has led to a severe environmental problem in many countries. Tracing the production origin of gasoline and diesel is required to enable the development of dispute resolution and appropriate remediation strategies for the oil-contaminated sites. METHODS We investigated the bulk and compound-specific isotopic compositions of gasoline produced by four oil companies in South Korea: S-Oil, SK, GS and Hyundai. The relative abundance of several compounds in gasoline was determined by the peak height of the major ion (m/z 44). RESULTS The δ(13)C(Bulk) and δD(Bulk) values of gasoline produced by S-Oil were significantly different from those of SK, GS and Hyundai. In particular, the compound-specific isotopic value (δ(13)C(CSIA)) of methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) in S-Oil gasoline was significantly lower than that of gasoline produced by other oil companies. The abundance of several compounds in gasoline, such as n-pentane, MTBE, n-hexane, toluene, ethylbenzene and o-xylene, differed widely among gasoline from different oil companies. CONCLUSIONS This study shows that gasoline can be forensically discriminated according to the oil company responsible for its manufacture using stable isotope analysis combined with multivariate statistical analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Young Heo
- Graduate School of Analytical Science and Technology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 305-764, Korea
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