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Cheng Z, Xiang J, Yuan L, Liao Y, Zhang Y, Xu X, Ji H, Huang Y. Multifunctional Additive Enables a "5H" PEO Solid Electrolyte for High-Performance Lithium Metal Batteries. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2024; 16:21924-21931. [PMID: 38647706 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c02031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
The solid-state battery with a lithium metal anode is a promising candidate for next-generation batteries with improved energy density and safety. However, the current polymer electrolytes still cannot fulfill the demands of solid-state batteries. In this work, we propose a "5H" poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) electrolyte via introducing a multifunctional additive of tris(pentafluorophenyl)borane (TPFPB) for high-performance lithium metal batteries. The addition of TPFPB improves the ionic conductivity from 6.08 × 10-5 to 1.54 × 10-4 S cm-1 via reducing the crystallinity of the PEO electrolyte and enhances the lithium-ion transference number from 0.19 to 0.53 via anion trapping due to its Lewis acid nature. Furthermore, the fluorine and boron segments from TPFPB can optimize the composition of the solid-electrolyte interphase and cathode-electrolyte interphase, providing a high electrochemical stability window over 4.6 V of the PEO electrolyte along with significantly improved interface stability. At last, TPFPB can ensure improved safety through a self-extinguishing effect. As a result, the "5H" electrolyte enables the Li/Li symmetric cells to achieve a stable cycle over 2200 h at the current density of 0.2 mA cm-2 with a capacity of 0.2 mA h cm-2; the LiFePO4/Li full cells with a high LFP loading of 8 mg cm-2 exhibits decay-free capacity of 140 mA h g-1 (99% capacity retention) after 100 cycles; and the NCM811/Li cells exhibit a high capacity of 160 mA h g-1 after 50 cycles at 0.5 C. This work presents an innovative approach to utilizing a "5H" electrolyte for high-performance solid-state lithium batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zexiao Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die & Mold Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Jingwei Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die & Mold Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Lixia Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die & Mold Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Yaqi Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die & Mold Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die & Mold Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Xiaoning Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die & Mold Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Haijin Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die & Mold Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Yunhui Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die & Mold Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
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Mo L, Deng M, Chen J, Huai S, Du L, Xu X, Guo Q, Chen H, Li X, Bao Z. Subconjunctival injection of rapamycin-loaded polymeric microparticles for effective suppression of noninfectious uveitis in rats. Int J Pharm 2024; 657:124178. [PMID: 38692499 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2024.124178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
Noninfective uveitis is a major cause of vision impairment, and corticosteroid medication is a mainstay clinical strategy that causes severe side effects. Rapamycin (RAPA), a potent immunomodulator, is a promising treatment for noninfective uveitis. However, because high and frequent dosages are required, it is a great challenge to implement its clinical translation for noninfective uveitis therapy owing to its serious toxicity. In the present study, we engineered an injectable microparticulate drug delivery system based on biodegradable block polymers (i.e., polycaprolactone-poly (ethylene glycol)-polycaprolactone, PCEC) for efficient ocular delivery of RAPA via a subconjunctival injection route and investigated its therapeutic efficacy in an experimental autoimmune uveitis (EAU) rat model. RAPA-PCEC microparticles were fabricated using the emulsion-evaporation method and thoroughly characterized using scanning electron microscopy, fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and differential scanning calorimetry. The formed microparticles exhibited slow in vitro degradation over 28 days, and provided both in vitro and in vivo sustained release of RAPA over 4 weeks. Additionally, a single subconjunctival injection of PCEC microparticles resulted in high ocular tolerance. More importantly, subconjunctival injection of RAPA-PCEC microparticles significantly attenuated the clinical signs of EAU in a dose-dependent manner by reducing inflammatory cell infiltration (i.e., CD45+ cells and Th17 cells) and inhibiting microglial activation. Overall, this injectable microparticulate system may be promising vehicle for intraocular delivery of RAPA for the treatment of noninfective uveitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihua Mo
- National Engineering Research Center of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China
| | - Mengyun Deng
- National Engineering Research Center of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China
| | - Jinrun Chen
- National Engineering Research Center of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China
| | - Shuo Huai
- National Engineering Research Center of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China
| | - Lulu Du
- National Engineering Research Center of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China
| | - Xiaoning Xu
- National Engineering Research Center of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China
| | - Qi Guo
- National Engineering Research Center of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China
| | - Hao Chen
- National Engineering Research Center of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China.
| | - Xingyi Li
- National Engineering Research Center of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China.
| | - Zhishu Bao
- National Engineering Research Center of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China.
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3
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Xu X, Zhang L, Cui Y, Kong J, Guo T. Development of Zn 2+-controlled expression system for lactic acid bacteria and its application in engineered probiotics. Synth Syst Biotechnol 2024; 9:152-158. [PMID: 38328736 PMCID: PMC10847839 DOI: 10.1016/j.synbio.2024.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Lactococcus lactis and Streptococcus thermophilus are considered as ideal chassis of engineered probiotics, while food-grade genetic tools are limited in those strains. Here, a Zn2+-controlled gene expression (ZICE) system was identified in the genome of S. thermophilus CGMCC7.179, including a transcriptional regulator sczAst and a promoter region of cation transporter czcD (PczcDst). Specific binding of the SczAst to the palindromic sequences in PczcDst was demonstrated by EMSA analysis, suggesting the regulation role of SczAst on PczcDst. To evaluate their possibility to control gene expression in vivo, the sczAst-PczcDst was employed to drive the expression of green fluorescence protein (GFP) gene in L. lactis NZ9000 and S. thermophilus CGMCC7.179, respectively. Both of the transformants could express GFP under Zn2+ induction, while no fluorescence without Zn2+ addition. For optimal conditions, Zn2+ was used at a final concentration of 0.8 mM in L. lactis and 0.16 mM in S. thermophilus at OD600 close to 0.4, and omitting yeast extract powder in the medium unexpectedly improved GFP expression level by 2.2-fold. With the help of the ZICE system, engineered L. lactis and S. thermophilus strains were constructed to secret cytokine interleukin-10 (IL-10) with immunogenicity, and the IL-10 content in the supernatant of the engineered L. lactis was 59.37 % of that under the nisin controlled expression system. This study provided a tightly controlled expression system by the food-grade inducer Zn2+, having potential in development of engineered probiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yue Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, No. 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao, 266237, PR China
| | - Jian Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, No. 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao, 266237, PR China
| | - Tingting Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, No. 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao, 266237, PR China
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Wang B, Fei X, Yin HF, Xu XN, Zhu JJ, Guo ZY, Wu JW, Zhu XS, Zhang Y, Xu Y, Yang Y, Chen LS. Photothermal-Controllable Microneedles with Antitumor, Antioxidant, Angiogenic, and Chondrogenic Activities to Sequential Eliminate Tracheal Neoplasm and Reconstruct Tracheal Cartilage. Small 2024; 20:e2309454. [PMID: 38098368 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202309454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2024]
Abstract
The optimal treatment for tracheal tumors necessitates sequential tumor elimination and tracheal cartilage reconstruction. This study introduces an innovative inorganic nanosheet, MnO2 /PDA@Cu, comprising manganese dioxide (MnO2 ) loaded with copper ions (Cu) through in situ polymerization using polydopamine (PDA) as an intermediary. Additionally, a specialized methacrylic anhydride modified decellularized cartilage matrix (MDC) hydrogel with chondrogenic effects is developed by modifying a decellularized cartilage matrix with methacrylic anhydride. The MnO2 /PDA@Cu nanosheet is encapsulated within MDC-derived microneedles, creating a photothermal-controllable MnO2 /PDA@Cu-MDC microneedle. Effectiveness evaluation involved deep insertion of the MnO2 /PDA@Cu-MDC microneedle into tracheal orthotopic tumor in a murine model. Under 808 nm near-infrared irradiation, facilitated by PDA, the microneedle exhibited rapid overheating, efficiently eliminating tumors. PDA's photothermal effects triggered controlled MnO2 and Cu release. The MnO2 nanosheet acted as a potent inorganic nanoenzyme, scavenging reactive oxygen species for an antioxidant effect, while Cu facilitated angiogenesis. This intervention enhanced blood supply at the tumor excision site, promoting stem cell enrichment and nutrient provision. The MDC hydrogel played a pivotal role in creating a chondrogenic niche, fostering stem cells to secrete cartilaginous matrix. In conclusion, the MnO2 /PDA@Cu-MDC microneedle is a versatile platform with photothermal control, sequentially combining antitumor, antioxidant, pro-angiogenic, and chondrogenic activities to orchestrate precise tracheal tumor eradication and cartilage regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - X Fei
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - H F Yin
- Department of Infection Management, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - X N Xu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - J J Zhu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Z Y Guo
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - J W Wu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - X S Zhu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Y Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Yangpu Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200090, China
| | - Y Xu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Y Yang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200433, China
- Central Laboratory, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200433, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 201804, China
| | - L S Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200433, China
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Lin D, Xu X, Chen L, Chen L, Deng M, Chen J, Ren Z, Lei L, Wang J, Deng J, Li X. Supramolecular nanofiber of indomethacin derivative confers highly cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) selectivity and boosts anti-inflammatory efficacy. J Control Release 2023; 364:272-282. [PMID: 37866406 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.10.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we report a facile method for converting carboxylate-containing indomethacin (Idm) into a cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) selective inhibitor via the amidation of an unnatural peptide sequence (Nal-Nal-Asp). The resulting indomethacin amides (i.e., Idm-Nal-Nal-Asp) have high selectivity for COX-2, and can self-assemble into a one-component supramolecular hydrogel that acts as a 'self-delivery' system for boosting anti-inflammatory efficacy. Self-assembled Idm-Nal-Nal-Asp hydrogel robustly inhibits COX-2 expression in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated Raw 264.7 macrophages while also exhibits superior anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities via reactive oxygen species (ROS)-related NF-κB and Nrf2/HO-1 pathways. Moreover, a rabbit model of endotoxin-induced uveitis (EIU) reveals that the Idm-Nal-Nal-Asp hydrogel outperforms clinically used 0.1 wt% diclofenac sodium eye drops in terms of in vivo anti-inflammatory efficacy via topical instillation route. As a rational approach to designing and applying COX-2 selective inhibitors, this work presents a simple method for converting non-selective nonsteriodal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) into highly selective COX-2 inhibitors that can self-assemble into supramolecular hydrogel for anti-inflammation applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deqing Lin
- National Engineering Research Center of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Xiaoning Xu
- National Engineering Research Center of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Lin Chen
- National Engineering Research Center of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Lei Chen
- National Engineering Research Center of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Mengyun Deng
- National Engineering Research Center of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Jinrun Chen
- National Engineering Research Center of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Zhibin Ren
- National Engineering Research Center of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Lei Lei
- National Engineering Research Center of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Jiaqing Wang
- National Engineering Research Center of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China.
| | - Jie Deng
- Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Hepato-Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, the First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China.
| | - Xingyi Li
- National Engineering Research Center of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China.
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Wu Y, Du L, Xu X, Hu Y, Liu J, Zhang J, Lei L, He W, Sheng Z, Ni Y, Qu J, Li X, Jiang J. Nano Self-Assemblies of Caffeic Acid-Fibronectin Mimic a Peptide Conjugate for the Treatment of Corneal Epithelial Injury. Mol Pharm 2023; 20:5937-5946. [PMID: 37871179 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.3c00861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
Rapid corneal re-epithelialization is important for corneal wound healing. Corneal epithelial cell motility and oxidative stress are important targets for therapeutic intervention. In this study, we covalently conjugated the antioxidant caffeic acid (CA) with a bioactive peptide sequence (PHSRN) to generate a CA-PHSRN amphiphile, which was formulated into nanoparticular eye drops with an average size of 43.21 ± 16 nm. CA-PHSRN caused minimal cytotoxicity against human corneal epithelial cells (HCECs) and RAW264.7 cells, exhibited an excellent free radical scavenging ability, and remarkably attenuated reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in H2O2-stimulated HCECs. The antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of CA-PHSRN were assessed in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. The results show that CA-PHSRN treatment effectively prevented LPS-induced DNA damage and significantly reduced the levels of LPS-induced pro-inflammatory cytochemokines (i.e., iNOS, NO, TNF-α, IL-6, and COX-2) in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, using a rabbit corneal epithelial ex vivo migration assay, we demonstrated that the proposed CA-PHSRN accelerated corneal epithelial cell migration and exhibited high ocular tolerance and ocular bioavailability after topical instillation. Taken together, the proposed CA-PHSRN nanoparticular eye drops are a promising therapeutic formulation for the treatment of corneal epithelial injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiping Wu
- National Engineering Research Center of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, 270 Xueyuan Road, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Lulu Du
- National Engineering Research Center of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, 270 Xueyuan Road, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Xiaoning Xu
- National Engineering Research Center of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, 270 Xueyuan Road, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Yuhan Hu
- National Engineering Research Center of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, 270 Xueyuan Road, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Jia Liu
- National Engineering Research Center of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, 270 Xueyuan Road, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Jingwei Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, 270 Xueyuan Road, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Lei Lei
- National Engineering Research Center of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, 270 Xueyuan Road, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Wenfang He
- National Engineering Research Center of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, 270 Xueyuan Road, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Zihao Sheng
- National Engineering Research Center of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, 270 Xueyuan Road, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Yuanao Ni
- National Engineering Research Center of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, 270 Xueyuan Road, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Jia Qu
- National Engineering Research Center of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, 270 Xueyuan Road, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Xingyi Li
- National Engineering Research Center of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, 270 Xueyuan Road, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Jun Jiang
- National Engineering Research Center of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, 270 Xueyuan Road, Wenzhou 325027, China
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Wang H, Li J, Miao Z, Huang K, Liao Y, Xu X, Meng J, Li Z, Huang Y. Hierarchical Electrode Architecture Enabling Ultrahigh-Capacity LiFePO 4 Cathodes with Low Tortuosity. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2023. [PMID: 37218051 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c04072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Thickening electrodes are expected to increase the energy density of batteries. Unfortunately, the manufacturing issues, sluggish electrolyte infiltration, and restrictions on electron/ion transport seriously hamper the development of thick electrodes. In this work, an ultrathick LiFePO4 (LFP) electrode with hierarchically vertical microchannels and porous structures (I-LFP) is rationally designed by combining the template method and the mechanical channel-making method. By using ultrasonic transmission mapping technology, it is proven that the open and vertical microchannels and interconnected pores can successfully overcome the electrolyte infiltration difficulty of conventional thick electrodes. Meanwhile, both the electrochemical and simulation characterizations reveal the fast ion transport kinetics and low tortuosity (1.44) in the I-LFP electrode. As a result, the I-LFP electrode delivers marked improvements in rate performance and cycling stability even under a high areal loading of 180 mg cm-2. Moreover, according to the results of operando optical fiber sensors, the stress accumulation in the I-LFP electrode is effectively alleviated, which further confirms the improvement of mechanical stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die and Mold Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Jianbo Li
- State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die and Mold Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Ziyun Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die and Mold Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Kai Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die and Mold Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Yaqi Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die and Mold Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Xiaoning Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die and Mold Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Jintao Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die and Mold Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Zhen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die and Mold Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Yunhui Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die and Mold Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
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Xue R, Deng X, Xu X, Tian Y, Hasan A, Mata A, Zhang L, Liu L. Elastin-like recombinamer-mediated hierarchical mineralization coatings on Zr-16Nb-xTi (x = 4,16 wt%) alloy surfaces improve biocompatibility. Biomater Adv 2023; 151:213471. [PMID: 37201355 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2023.213471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The biocompatibility of biomedical materials is vital to their applicability and functionality. However, modifying surfaces for enhanced biocompatibility using traditional surface treatment techniques is challenging. We employed a mineralizing elastin-like recombinamer (ELR) self-assembling platform to mediate mineralization on Zr-16Nb-xTi (x = 4,16 wt%) alloy surfaces, resulting in the modification of surface morphology and bioactivity while improving the biocompatibility of the material. We modulated the level of nanocrystal organization by adjusting the cross-linker ratio. Nanoindentation tests revealed that the mineralized configuration had nonuniformity with respect to Young's modulus and hardness, with the center areas having higher values (5.626 ± 0.109 GPa and 0.264 ± 0.022 GPa) compared to the edges (4.282 ± 0.327 GPa and 0.143 ± 0.023 GPa). The Scratch test results indicated high bonding strength (2.668 ± 0.117 N) between the mineralized coating and the substrate. Mineralized Zr-16Nb-xTi (x = 4,16 wt%) alloys had higher viability compared to untreated alloys, which exhibited high cell viability (>100 %) after 5 days and high alkaline phosphatase activity after 7 days. Cell proliferation assays indicated that MG 63 cells grew faster on mineralized surfaces than on untreated surfaces. Scanning electron microscopy imaging confirmed that the cells adhered and spread well on mineralized surfaces. Furthermore, hemocompatibility test results revealed that all mineralized samples were non-hemolytic. Our results demonstrate the viability of employing the ELR mineralizing platform to improve alloy biocompatibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renhao Xue
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, PR China
| | - Xinru Deng
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, London E14NS, UK
| | - Xiaoning Xu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, PR China
| | - Yueyan Tian
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, PR China
| | - Abshar Hasan
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK; Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Alvaro Mata
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK; Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK; Department of Chemical & Environmental Engineering, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Ligang Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, PR China.
| | - Libin Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, PR China.
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9
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Zhou R, Liu N, Li X, Peng Q, Yiu CK, Huang H, Yang D, Du Z, Kwok HY, Au KK, Cai JP, Fan-Ngai Hung I, Kai-Wang To K, Xu X, Yuen KY, Chen Z. Three-dose vaccination-induced immune responses protect against SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.2: a population-based study in Hong Kong. Lancet Reg Health West Pac 2023; 32:100660. [PMID: 36591327 PMCID: PMC9786166 DOI: 10.1016/j.lanwpc.2022.100660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Background The ongoing outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.2 infections in Hong Kong, the model city of universal masking of the world, has resulted in a major public health crisis. Although the third vaccination resulted in strong boosting of neutralization antibody, vaccine efficacy and correlate of immune protection against the major circulating Omicron BA.2 remain to be investigated. Methods We investigated the vaccine efficacy against the Omicron BA.2 breakthrough infection among 470 public servants who had received different SARS-CoV-2 vaccine regimens including two-dose BNT162b2 (2 × BNT, n = 169), three-dose BNT162b2 (3 × BNT, n = 168), two-dose CoronaVac (2 × CorV, n = 34), three-dose CoronaVac (3 × CorV, n = 67) and third-dose BNT162b2 following 2 × CorV (2 × CorV+1BNT, n = 32). Humoral and cellular immune responses after three-dose vaccination were further characterized and correlated with clinical characteristics of BA.2 infection. Findings During the BA.2 outbreak, 27.7% vaccinees were infected. The timely third-dose vaccination provided significant protection with lower incidence rates of breakthrough infections (2 × BNT 46.2% vs 3 × BNT 13.1%, p < 0.0001; 2 × CorV 44.1% vs 3 × CorV 19.4%, p = 0.003). Investigation of immune responses on blood samples derived from 90 subjects in three-dose vaccination cohorts collected before the BA.2 outbreak revealed that the third-dose vaccination activated spike (S)-specific memory B cells and Omicron cross-reactive T cell responses, which correlated with reduced frequencies of breakthrough infections and disease severity rather than with types of vaccines. Moreover, the frequency of S-specific activated memory B cells was significantly lower in infected vaccinees than uninfected vaccinees before vaccine-breakthrough infection whereas IFN-γ+ CD4 T cells were negatively associated with age and viral clearance time. Critically, BA.2 breakthrough infection boosted cross-reactive memory B cells with enhanced cross-neutralizing antibodies to Omicron sublineages, including BA.2.12.1 and BA.4/5, in all vaccinees tested. Interpretation Our results imply that the timely third vaccination and immune responses are likely required for vaccine-mediated protection against Omicron BA.2 pandemic. Although BA.2 conferred the highest neutralization resistance compared with variants of concern tested before the emergence of BA.2.12.1 and BA.4/5, the third dose vaccination-activated S-specific memory B cells and Omicron cross-reactive T cell responses contributed to reduced frequencies of breakthrough infection and disease severity. Neutralizing antibody potency enhanced by BA.2 breakthrough infection in vaccinees with prior 3 doses of CoronaVac or BNT162b2 may reduce the risk of infection against ongoing BA.2.12.1 and BA.4/5. Funding Hong Kong Research Grants Council Collaborative Research Fund, Health and Medical Research Fund, Wellcome Trust, Shenzhen Science and Technology Program, the Health@InnoHK, Innovation and Technology Commission of Hong Kong, China, National Program on Key Research Project, Emergency Key Program of Guangzhou Laboratory, donations from the Friends of Hope Education Fund and the Hong Kong Theme-Based Research Scheme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runhong Zhou
- AIDS Institute, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China
- Department of Microbiology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China
- Centre for Virology, Vaccinology and Therapeutics, Hong Kong Science and Technology Park, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Na Liu
- AIDS Institute, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China
- Department of Microbiology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infection Control, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Microbiology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China
- Department of Microbiology, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People’s Republic of a China
| | - Qiaoli Peng
- AIDS Institute, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China
- Department of Microbiology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheuk-Kwan Yiu
- Department of Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Haode Huang
- AIDS Institute, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Dawei Yang
- AIDS Institute, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenglong Du
- AIDS Institute, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Hau-Yee Kwok
- AIDS Institute, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Ka-Kit Au
- AIDS Institute, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-Piao Cai
- Department of Microbiology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Ivan Fan-Ngai Hung
- Department of Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Kelvin Kai-Wang To
- Department of Microbiology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China
- Centre for Virology, Vaccinology and Therapeutics, Hong Kong Science and Technology Park, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China
- Department of Microbiology, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People’s Republic of a China
| | - Xiaoning Xu
- Centre for Immunology & Vaccinology, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kwok-Yung Yuen
- Department of Microbiology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China
- Centre for Virology, Vaccinology and Therapeutics, Hong Kong Science and Technology Park, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infection Control, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
- Department of Microbiology, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People’s Republic of a China
- State Key Laboratory for Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiwei Chen
- AIDS Institute, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China
- Department of Microbiology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China
- Centre for Virology, Vaccinology and Therapeutics, Hong Kong Science and Technology Park, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infection Control, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory for Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China
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Wu Y, Xia T, Ma X, Lei L, Du L, Xu X, Liu X, Shi Y, Li X, Lin D. Autocatalytic strategy for tunning drug release from peptide-drug supramolecular hydrogel. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2023.108209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
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11
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Zhang L, Zhang Y, Tian HY, Wang YY, Xu XN. [Labor progression characteristics of primiparous term singleton pregnant women complicated with adenomyosis]. Zhonghua Fu Chan Ke Za Zhi 2022; 57:594-600. [PMID: 36008286 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112141-20220309-00140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Objective: To analyze the labor progression characteristics of primiparous term singleton pregnant women with adenomyosis. Methods: From April 2014 to May 2021, pregnant women underwent regular antenatal examination in Peking University Third Hospital were enrolled in this retrospective study, 109 primiparous term pregnant women with adenomyosis who underwent singleton, primipara, cephalic and vaginal delivery were referred as the adenomyosis group, while 109 pregnant women without adenomyosis primiparous term pregnant women at the same time were referred as the control group. The general clinical information, labor process intervention, pregnancy outcomes and labor course time of the two groups were analyzed. Results: (1) General clinical conditions: the pre-pregnancy uterine volume of the adenomyosis group was larger than that of the control group [(66.8±23.7) vs (41.4±13.1) cm3, P<0.05]. The proportion of assisted reproductive pregnancy and endometriosis in the adenomyosis group were higher than those in the control group [31.2% (34/109) vs 7.3% (8/109); 31.2% (34/109) vs 5.5% (6/109); all P<0.05]. There were no significant differences in maternal age, gestational age at delivery, pre-pregnancy body mass index, gestational weight gain, gravidity, incidence of pregnancy complications (gestational diabetes mellitus, pre-eclampsia and thyroid diseases) and premature rupture of membranes between the two groups (all P>0.05). (2) Labor process intervention and maternal and fetal outcomes: postpartum hemorrhage was higher in the adenomyosis group than the control group (median: 300 vs 260 ml, P=0.018). There were no significant differences in the proportion of labor onset, use of oxytocin, artificial rupture of membranes, perineal laceration Ⅲ and above, episiotomy, newborn weight and 1-minute Apgar score between the two groups (all P>0.05). (3) Time of labor process: there were no significant differences between the two groups in the time required for the first stage, third stage, total stage and cervical dilation 0-1, 1-2, 2-3, 3-4, 4-5, 5-6, 6-7 cm (all P>0.05). The time required for cervical dilation 7-8, 8-9, 9-10 cm and the second stage of labor in adenomyosis group (median: 20, 18, 15 and 12 minutes, respectively) were shorter than those of the control group (median: 23, 23, 23 and 26 minutes, respectively), and the differences were statistically significant (all P<0.05). (4) The effect of endometriosis on labor: there was no significant difference in the effect of endometriosis on labor in adenomyosis group (P>0.05). Conclusions: The labor process of primiparous term pregnant women with adenomyosis is significantly accelerated after the cervical dilatation for 7 cm, which should be closely observed. The third stage of labor course is managed aggressively with drugs to prevent postpartum hemorrhage.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Y Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - H Y Tian
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Y Y Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - X N Xu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
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12
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Guo T, Cui Y, Zhang L, Xu X, Xu Z, Kong J. Holin-assisted bacterial recombinant protein export. Biotechnol Bioeng 2022; 119:2908-2918. [PMID: 35822237 DOI: 10.1002/bit.28179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
A simple generic method for enhancing extracellular protein yields in engineered bacteria is still lacking. Here, we demonstrated that phage-encoded holin can be used to export proteins to the extracellular medium in both Gram-negative Escherichia coli and -positive Lactococcus lactis. When a putative holin gene LLNZ_RS10380 annotated in the genome of L. lactis NZ9000 (hol380) was recombinantly expressed in E. coli BL21(DE3), the Hol380 oligomerized up to hexamer in the cytoplasmic membrane, yielding membrane pore to allow the passage of cytosolic β-galatosidase (116 kDa), whose extracellular production reached 54.59 U/μL, accounting for 76.37% of the total activity. However, the overexpressed Hol380 could not release cytosolic proteins across the membrane in L. lactis NZ9000, but increased the secretory production of staphylococcal nuclease to 2.55-fold and fimbrial adhesin FaeG to 2.40-fold compared with those guided by signal peptide Usp45 alone. By using a combination of proteomics and transcriptional level analysis, we found that overexpression of the Hol380 raised the accumulation of Ffh and YidC involved in the signal recognition particle pathway in L. lactis, suggesting an alternative road participating in protein secretion. This study proposed a new approach by expressing holin in bacterial cell factories to export target proteins of economic or medical interest. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, No. 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao, 266237, P. R. China
| | - Yue Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, No. 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao, 266237, P. R. China
| | - Lingwen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, No. 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao, 266237, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoning Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, No. 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao, 266237, P. R. China
| | - Zhenxiang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, No. 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao, 266237, P. R. China
| | - Jian Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, No. 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao, 266237, P. R. China
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13
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Wu J, Tian X, Xu X, Gu X, Kong J, Guo T. Engineered Probiotic Lactococcus lactis for Lycopene Production against ROS Stress in Intestinal Epithelial Cells. ACS Synth Biol 2022; 11:1568-1576. [PMID: 35289165 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.1c00639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Lactococcus lactis is a food-grade chassis for delivery of bioactive molecules to the intestinal mucosa in situ, while its ability to produce lycopene for detoxification of reactive oxidative species (ROS) is not realized yet. Here, L. lactis NZ9000 was engineered to synthesize lycopene by heterologous expression of a gene cluster crtEBI in plasmids or chromosomes, yielding the recombinant strains NZ4 and NZ5 with 0.59 and 0.54 mg/L lycopene production, respectively. To reroute the pyruvate flux to lycopene, the main lactate dehydrogenase and α-acetolactate synthase pathways were sequentially disrupted. The resultant strains NZΔldh-1 and NZΔldhΔals-1 increased lycopene accumulation to 0.70 and 0.73 mg/L, respectively, while their biomasses were reduced by 12.42% and the intracellular NADH/NAD+ ratios increased by 3.05- and 2.10-fold. To increase the biomasses of these engineered strains, aerobic respiration was activated and tuned by the addition of exogenous heme and oxygen. As a result, the engineered L. lactis strains partly recovered the growth and redox balance, yielding the lycopene levels of 0.91-1.09 mg/L. The engineered L. lactis strain protected the intestinal epithelial cells NCM460 against H2O2 challenge, with a 30.09% increase of cell survival and a 29.2% decrease of the intracellular ROS level compared with strain NZ9000 treatment. In summary, this work established the use of the engineered probiotic L. lactis for lycopene production and prospected its potential in the prevention of intestinal oxidative damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiapeng Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, No. 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao 266237, P. R. China
| | - Xingfang Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, No. 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao 266237, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoning Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, No. 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao 266237, P. R. China
| | - Xinyi Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, No. 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao 266237, P. R. China
| | - Jian Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, No. 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao 266237, P. R. China
| | - Tingting Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, No. 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao 266237, P. R. China
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14
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Li Y, Xu XN, Ma HW, Li YX, Cheng L, Liu H, Zhang N. [Multiple acyl-coA dehydrogenase deficiency caused by new variant of ETFDH gene in 2 children]. Zhonghua Er Ke Za Zhi 2022; 60:141-143. [PMID: 35090233 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112140-20210707-00561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Y Li
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China
| | - X N Xu
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China
| | - H W Ma
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China
| | - Y X Li
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China
| | - L Cheng
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China
| | - H Liu
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China
| | - N Zhang
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China
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15
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Ding W, Zhang N, Rao Y, Xu X, Nie T, Qu P. A Successfully Treated Multiple Metastatic Choriocarcinoma Coexistent With Live Fetus: A Case Report and Literature Review. Front Oncol 2022; 11:777707. [PMID: 35174067 PMCID: PMC8841587 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.777707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Management of metastatic choriocarcinoma coexistent with live fetus is tricky for gynecologists. There is no consensus on treatment because of its rarity. We present a unique case of gestational choriocarcinoma with multiple metastases, who received EP chemotherapy in the third trimester. At 31 + 5 weeks, a healthy male baby was delivered by cesarean section. Then, she received six cycles of EMA/CO as postpartum chemotherapy. Her beta-human chorionic gonadotropin (β-hCG) level decreased to the normal range, and the metastases vanished. The patient had no clinical symptoms 4 years after discharge, and the baby was also free from this disease. Short tandem repeat polymorphism (STR) analysis was performed to determine the genotype of the choriocarcinoma, placenta, and normal curettage tissue of the maternal uterine. Comparing the polymorphic genetic markers revealed that the tumor was gestational choriocarcinoma, but did not originate from the coexistent pregnancy. In spite of extensive metastases, antepartum chemotherapy is an effective and safe treatment for patients with gestational choriocarcinoma concurrent with pregnancy. STR analysis can be useful in distinguishing gestational choriocarcinoma from non-gestational, as well as the causative pregnancy, and serve as a helpful examination tool for guiding clinical management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Ding
- Tianjin Central Hospital of Gynecology Obstetrics, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Human Development and Reproductive Regulation, Tianjin, China
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Tianjin Central Hospital of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tianjin, China
| | - Na Zhang
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Tianjin Central Hospital of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tianjin, China
| | - Yang Rao
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Tianjin Central Hospital of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaoning Xu
- Institute of Forensic Science, Tianjin Municipal Public Security Bureau, Tianjin, China
| | - Tonggang Nie
- Institute of Forensic Science, Tianjin Municipal Public Security Bureau, Tianjin, China
| | - Pengpeng Qu
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Tianjin Central Hospital of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tianjin, China
- Clinical School of Obstetrics and Gynecology Center, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- *Correspondence: Pengpeng Qu,
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Zhao JC, Mu YL, Gu XY, Xu XN, Guo TT, Kong J. Site-directed mutation of β-galactosidase from Streptococcus thermophilus for galactooligosaccharide-enriched yogurt making. J Dairy Sci 2021; 105:940-949. [PMID: 34955252 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2021-20905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
β-Galactosidase is one of the most important enzymes used in dairy processing. It converts lactose into glucose and galactose, and also catalyzes galactose to form galactooligosaccharides (GOS), so-called prebiotics. However, most of the β-galactosidases from the starter cultures have low transgalactosylation activities, the process that results in galactose accumulation in yogurt. Here, a site-directed mutation strategy was attempted, to genetically modify β-galactosidase from Streptococcus thermophilus. Out of 28 Strep. thermophilus strains, a β-galactosidase gene named bgaQ, encoded for high β-galactosidase hydrolysis activity (BgaQ), was cloned from the strain Strep. thermophilus SDMCC050237. It was 3,081 bp in size, with 1,027 deduced amino acid residuals, which belonged to the GH2 family. After replacing the Tyr801 and Pro802 around the active sites of BgaQ with His801 and Gly802, the GOS synthesis of the generated mutant protein BgaQ-8012 increased from 20.5% to 26.7% at 5% lactose, and no hydrolysis activity altered obviously. Subsequently, the purified BgaQ or BgaQ-8012 was added to sterilized milk inoculated with 2 starters from Strep. thermophilus SDMCC050237 and Lactobacillus delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus ATCC11842. The GOS yields with added BgaQ or BgaQ-8012 rose to 5.8 and 8.3 g/L, respectively, compared with a yield of 3.7 g/L without enzymes added. Meanwhile, the addition of the BgaQ or BgaQ-8012 reduced the lactose content by 49.3% and 54.4% in the fermented yogurt and shortened the curd time. Therefore, this study provided a site-directed mutation strategy for improvement of the transgalactosylation activity of β-galactosidase from Strep. thermophilus for GOS-enriched yogurt making.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, P. R. China
| | - Y L Mu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, P. R. China
| | - X Y Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, P. R. China
| | - X N Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, P. R. China
| | - T T Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, P. R. China
| | - J Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, P. R. China.
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Xiong YH, Xu XN, Zheng B. [Analysis of invalid patents associated with schistosomiasis control filed by Chinese applicants]. Zhongguo Xue Xi Chong Bing Fang Zhi Za Zhi 2021; 33:301-304. [PMID: 34286534 DOI: 10.16250/j.32.1374.2021056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The invalid patents associated with schistosomiasis control were retrieved in the Chinese Patent Database of China National Intellectual Property Administration, the Baiten database and the incoPat database, and the overall trends, legal status, types, patent indexing and technical fields of all retrieved invalid patents were analyzed. As of December 30, 2020, there were totally 859 patents relating to schistosomiasis control, and 512 were invalid patents, with an invalid rate of 59.6%. The number of patent applications and invalid patents peaked in 2018, including 71 patent applications and 53 invalid patents. Among the 511 schistosomiasis control-related invalid patents with complete records, there were 425 invention patents, 81 utility model patents and 5 design patents, and 219 patents (42.9%) were invalid due to the termination of the patented right and 292 (57.1%) due to loss of the right for patent applications. The major technical points included medicines (chemicals), basic research, devices and detections, and the specialized fields were mainly concentrated in A61P33, G01N33, C12N15, C07K14 and A01N65. Our data demonstrate a high invalid rate of patents relating to schistosomiasis control in China. Secondary development and mining of the invalid patents in relation to schistosomiasis are recommended to make use of their values in the national schistosomiasis elimination program of China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y H Xiong
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research); NHC Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology; WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases; National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - X N Xu
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research); NHC Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology; WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases; National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - B Zheng
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research); NHC Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology; WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases; National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Shanghai 200025, China
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Yang H, Rei M, Brackenridge S, Brenna E, Sun H, Abdulhaqq S, Liu MKP, Ma W, Kurupati P, Xu X, Cerundolo V, Jenkins E, Davis SJ, Sacha JB, Früh K, Picker LJ, Borrow P, Gillespie GM, McMichael AJ. HLA-E-restricted, Gag-specific CD8 + T cells can suppress HIV-1 infection, offering vaccine opportunities. Sci Immunol 2021; 6:eabg1703. [PMID: 33766848 PMCID: PMC8258078 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.abg1703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Human leukocyte antigen-E (HLA-E) normally presents an HLA class Ia signal peptide to the NKG2A/C-CD94 regulatory receptors on natural killer (NK) cells and T cell subsets. Rhesus macaques immunized with a cytomegalovirus-vectored simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) vaccine generated Mamu-E (HLA-E homolog)-restricted T cell responses that mediated post-challenge SIV replication arrest in >50% of animals. However, HIV-1-specific, HLA-E-restricted T cells have not been observed in HIV-1-infected individuals. Here, HLA-E-restricted, HIV-1-specific CD8 + T cells were primed in vitro. These T cell clones and allogeneic CD8 + T cells transduced with their T cell receptors suppressed HIV-1 replication in CD4 + T cells in vitro. Vaccine induction of efficacious HLA-E-restricted HIV-1-specific T cells should therefore be possible.
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MESH Headings
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Biomarkers
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cytokines/metabolism
- Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte/chemistry
- Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte/immunology
- HIV Infections/immunology
- HIV Infections/metabolism
- HIV Infections/prevention & control
- HIV Infections/virology
- HIV-1/immunology
- Histocompatibility Antigens Class I/immunology
- Host-Pathogen Interactions/immunology
- Humans
- Immunophenotyping
- Jurkat Cells
- Lymphocyte Activation/genetics
- Lymphocyte Activation/immunology
- Peptides/chemistry
- Peptides/immunology
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/chemistry
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/genetics
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/metabolism
- T-Cell Antigen Receptor Specificity/immunology
- gag Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus/immunology
- HLA-E Antigens
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongbing Yang
- NDM Research Building, Nuffield Department of Medicine, Oxford University, Oxford OX3 7FZ, UK
| | - Margarida Rei
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Oxford University, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK
| | - Simon Brackenridge
- NDM Research Building, Nuffield Department of Medicine, Oxford University, Oxford OX3 7FZ, UK
| | - Elena Brenna
- NDM Research Building, Nuffield Department of Medicine, Oxford University, Oxford OX3 7FZ, UK
| | - Hong Sun
- NDM Research Building, Nuffield Department of Medicine, Oxford University, Oxford OX3 7FZ, UK
- Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Oxford Institute, NDM, Oxford University, Oxford, UK
| | - Shaheed Abdulhaqq
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute and Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, OR 97006, USA
| | - Michael K P Liu
- Centre For Immunology and Vaccinology, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Weiwei Ma
- Centre For Immunology and Vaccinology, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Prathiba Kurupati
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Oxford University, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK
| | - Xiaoning Xu
- Centre For Immunology and Vaccinology, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Vincenzo Cerundolo
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Oxford University, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK
| | - Edward Jenkins
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Oxford University, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK
| | - Simon J Davis
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Oxford University, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK
| | - Jonah B Sacha
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute and Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, OR 97006, USA
| | - Klaus Früh
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute and Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, OR 97006, USA
| | - Louis J Picker
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute and Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, OR 97006, USA
| | - Persephone Borrow
- NDM Research Building, Nuffield Department of Medicine, Oxford University, Oxford OX3 7FZ, UK
| | - Geraldine M Gillespie
- NDM Research Building, Nuffield Department of Medicine, Oxford University, Oxford OX3 7FZ, UK
| | - Andrew J McMichael
- NDM Research Building, Nuffield Department of Medicine, Oxford University, Oxford OX3 7FZ, UK.
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Xu XB, Tang T, Wang ZH, Xu XN, Fang GY, Gu M. Nonequilibrium pattern formation in circularly confined two-dimensional systems with competing interactions. Phys Rev E 2021; 103:012604. [PMID: 33601588 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.103.012604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
We numerically investigate the nonequilibrium behaviors of classic particles with competing interactions confined in a two-dimensional logarithmic trap. We reveal a quench-induced surprising dynamics exhibiting rich dynamic patterns depending upon confinement strength and trap size, which is attributed to the time-dependent competition between interparticle repulsions and attractions under a circular confinement. Moreover, in the collectively diffusive motions of the particles, we find that the emergence of dynamic structure transformation coincides with a diffusive mode transition from superdiffusion to subdiffusion. These findings are likely useful in understanding the pattern selection and evolution in various chemical and biological systems in addition to modulated systems, and add a new route to tailoring the morphology of pattern-forming systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- X B Xu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, School of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, People's Republic of China
| | - T Tang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, School of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, People's Republic of China
| | - Z H Wang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, School of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, People's Republic of China
| | - X N Xu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, School of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, People's Republic of China
| | - G Y Fang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, School of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, People's Republic of China
| | - M Gu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, School of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, People's Republic of China
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20
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Zhang X, Lu S, Li H, Wang Y, Lu Z, Liu Z, Lai Q, Ji Y, Huang X, Li Y, Sun J, Wu Y, Xu X, Hou J. Viral and Antibody Kinetics of COVID-19 Patients with Different Disease Severities in Acute and Convalescent Phases: A 6-Month Follow-Up Study. Virol Sin 2020; 35:820-829. [PMID: 33351168 PMCID: PMC7754696 DOI: 10.1007/s12250-020-00329-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has spread rapidly around the world, posing a major threat to human health and the economy. Currently, long-term data on viral shedding and the serum antibody responses in COVID-19 patients are still limited. Herein, we report the clinical features, viral RNA loads, and serum antibody levels in a cohort of 112 COVID-19 patients admitted to the Honghu People's Hospital, Hubei Province, China. Overall, 5.36% (6/112) of patients showed persistent viral RNA shedding (> 45 days). The peak viral load was higher in the severe disease group than in the mild group (median cycle threshold value, 36.4 versus 31.5; P = 0.002). For most patients the disappearance of IgM antibodies occurred approximately 4-6 weeks after symptoms onset, while IgG persisted for over 194 days after the onset of symptoms, although patients showed a 46% reduction in antibodies titres against SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein compared with the acute phase. We also studied 18 asymptomatic individuals with RT-qPCR confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection together with 17 symptomatic patients, and the asymptomatic individuals were the close contacts of these symptomatic cases. Delayed IgG seroconversion and lower IgM seropositive rates were observed in asymptomatic individuals. These data indicate that higher viral loads and stronger antibody responses are related to more severe disease status in patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection, and the antibodies persisted in the recovered patient for more than 6 months so that the vaccine may provide protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis Research, Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510000, China
- Hepatology Unit, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, 518000, China
| | - Suwen Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis Research, Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510000, China
| | - Hui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis Research, Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510000, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The People's Hospital of Honghu, Jingzhou, 433200, China
| | - Zhen Lu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The People's Hospital of Honghu, Jingzhou, 433200, China
| | - Zhihong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis Research, Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510000, China
| | - Qingtao Lai
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis Research, Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510000, China
| | - Yali Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis Research, Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510000, China
| | - Xuan Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis Research, Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510000, China
| | - Yongyin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis Research, Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510000, China
| | - Jian Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis Research, Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510000, China
| | - Yingsong Wu
- Institute of Antibody Engineering, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510000, China
| | - Xiaoning Xu
- Centre for Immunology and Vaccinology, Chelsea & Westminster Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College, London, W6, UK
| | - Jinlin Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis Research, Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510000, China.
- Hepatology Unit, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, 518000, China.
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21
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Xue R, Wang D, Yang D, Zhang L, Xu X, Liu L, Wu D. Novel Biocompatible Zr-Based Alloy with Low Young's Modulus and Magnetic Susceptibility for Biomedical Implants. Materials (Basel) 2020; 13:E5130. [PMID: 33202987 PMCID: PMC7696516 DOI: 10.3390/ma13225130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The microstructure, mechanical properties, magnetic susceptibility, electrochemical corrosion performance, in vitro cell compatibility and blood consistency of Zr-16Nb-xTi (x = 0, 4, 8, 12 and 16 wt.%) materials were investigated as potential materials for biomedical implants. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analyses revealed the secondary phase martensite α' formed during the quenching process. The phase composition contained metastable β and martensite α', resulting from Ti addition. These phase constitutions were the main causes of a low Young's modulus and magnetic susceptibility. The in vitro cytocompatibility analysis illustrated that the MG63 cells maintained high activity (from 91% to 97%) after culturing in Zr-16Nb-xTi extraction media for 12 days due to the high internal biocompatibility of Zr, Nb and Ti elements, as well as the optimal corrosion resistance of Zr-16Nb-xTi. On the basis of Inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) ion release studies, the concentration of Zr, Nb and Ti was noted to reach the equipment detective limit of 0.001 mg/L, which was much lower than pure Ti. With respect to the corrosion behavior in Hank's solution, Zr-16Nb-16Ti displayed superior properties, possessing the lowest corrosion current density and widest passivation region, attributed to the addition of Ti. The blood compatibility test illustrated that the Zr-16Nb-xTi materials were nonhemolytic, and the platelets maintained a spherical shape, with no aggregation or activation on Zr-16Nb-xTi. Overall, Ti addition has obvious effects on the developed Zr-16Nb-xTi alloys, and Zr-16Nb-4Ti exhibited low magnetic susceptibility, low modulus, good biocompatibility and proper corrosion properties, demonstrating the potential of use as implant biomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renhao Xue
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China; (R.X.); (D.W.); (L.Z.); (X.X.)
- State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Dong Wang
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China; (R.X.); (D.W.); (L.Z.); (X.X.)
- State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Dawei Yang
- Centre for Medical Genetics and School of Life Science, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China;
| | - Ligang Zhang
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China; (R.X.); (D.W.); (L.Z.); (X.X.)
- State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Xiaoning Xu
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China; (R.X.); (D.W.); (L.Z.); (X.X.)
- State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Libin Liu
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China; (R.X.); (D.W.); (L.Z.); (X.X.)
- State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Di Wu
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China; (R.X.); (D.W.); (L.Z.); (X.X.)
- State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
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22
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Chen MX, Zhang RL, Xu XN, Yu Q, Huang DN, Liu W, Chen SH, Song P, Lu L, Cai YC, Ai L, Chen JX. Parasitological and molecular detection of human fascioliasis in a young man from Guizhou, China. Trop Biomed 2020; 37:50-57. [PMID: 33612717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A 24-year-old man born in Guizhou province was diagnosed with obstructive jaundice and bile duct stones in 2013. Four living trematodes were found during laparotomy and cholecystectomy. Based on the morphology and molecular genetics analysis of internal transcribed spacer and pcox1 genes of the flatworm specimens, the trematodes from the patient were confirmed to be Fasciola hepatica. This report provided the clinical and molecular diagnosis information on human fascioliasis, which is an emerging sanitary problem still ignored in China. Human fascioliasis constantly occurs due to climatic changes and frequency of human travel. Therefore, it deserves more attention from physicians working in both developing and developed countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- M X Chen
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, WHO Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases, Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, National Health and Family Planning Commission, Shanghai 200025, PR China
- Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen 518055, PR China
| | - R L Zhang
- Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen 518055, PR China
| | - X N Xu
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, WHO Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases, Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, National Health and Family Planning Commission, Shanghai 200025, PR China
| | - Q Yu
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, WHO Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases, Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, National Health and Family Planning Commission, Shanghai 200025, PR China
| | - D N Huang
- Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen 518055, PR China
| | - W Liu
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, WHO Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases, Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, National Health and Family Planning Commission, Shanghai 200025, PR China
| | - S H Chen
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, WHO Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases, Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, National Health and Family Planning Commission, Shanghai 200025, PR China
| | - P Song
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, WHO Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases, Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, National Health and Family Planning Commission, Shanghai 200025, PR China
| | - L Lu
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, WHO Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases, Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, National Health and Family Planning Commission, Shanghai 200025, PR China
| | - Y C Cai
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, WHO Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases, Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, National Health and Family Planning Commission, Shanghai 200025, PR China
| | - L Ai
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, WHO Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases, Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, National Health and Family Planning Commission, Shanghai 200025, PR China
| | - J X Chen
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, WHO Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases, Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, National Health and Family Planning Commission, Shanghai 200025, PR China
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23
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Tian Y, Wang H, Xu X, Wang Z, Misra R, Wang G. The Impact of Isothermal Treatment on the Microstructural Evolution and the Precipitation Behavior in High Strength Linepipe Steel. Materials (Basel) 2020; 13:ma13030634. [PMID: 32023895 PMCID: PMC7040734 DOI: 10.3390/ma13030634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Isothermal treatment affects the microstructural evolution and the precipitation behavior of high-strength low alloy (HSLA) steels. In this regard, thermal simulation of different isothermal treatment temperatures was adopted by using a thermomechanical simulator. The results showed that hardness reached the maximum value at 600 °C holding temperature, which was related to a finer grain structure and granular bainite. The strengthening effect of precipitates was remarkable due to the combination of small particle size and small interparticle spacing. It is presumed that the precipitation started after 600 s at 600 °C. Precipitation strengthening continued to exist, even though coarsening of ferrite grains led to softening phenomena when the specimen was isothermally held at 750 °C, which led to relatively high hardness. The precipitates were fcc (Ti, Nb) (N, C) particles, and belonged to MX-type precipitates. Average size of precipitates increased from 3.14 to 4.83 nm when the specimens were isothermally held between 600 °C and 800 °C. Interparticle spacing of precipitates also increased with increasing isothermal treatment temperatures. These led to a reduction in precipitation strengthening. At the same time the polygonal ferrite content increased and ferrite grain size got larger, such that the hardness decreased continuously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Rolling and Automation, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China; (Y.T.); (X.X.)
| | - Hongtao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Rolling and Automation, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China; (Y.T.); (X.X.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Xiaoning Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Rolling and Automation, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China; (Y.T.); (X.X.)
| | - Zhaodong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Rolling and Automation, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China; (Y.T.); (X.X.)
| | - R.D.K. Misra
- Laboratory for Excellence in Advanced Steel Research, Department of Metallurgical, Materials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, USA
| | - Guodong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Rolling and Automation, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China; (Y.T.); (X.X.)
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24
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Fang Z, Feng X, Xu X, Zhou X, Lin Z, Ji Y. Investigation into outdoor thermal comfort conditions by different seasonal field surveys in China, Guangzhou. Int J Biometeorol 2019; 63:1357-1368. [PMID: 31302762 DOI: 10.1007/s00484-019-01752-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Revised: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Outdoor microclimatic conditions strongly affect the thermal comfort of pedestrians. A transversal field survey was conducted in Guangzhou, together with micrometeorological measurements. The outdoor physiological equivalent temperature (PET) varied from 3 to 59 °C. Regression lines were obtained to establish correlations of the mean thermal sensation vote (MTSV) with the PET bins with a width of 1 °C. Furthermore, the thermal comfort range of PET, neutral PET (NPET), and preferred PET was analyzed. The results indicated that, for the young people, thermal comfort range of PET spanned from 19.2 to 24.6 °C. The NPET and preferred PET significantly differed in different seasons. The NPET was higher in the summer than that in the winter and transitional seasons. However, the preferred PET of the summer was lower than that of the winter. The PET limits of different thermal stress categories were also confirmed, which differed from those in other cities. Thus, the impacts of adaptation on thermal comfort range were significant for people in outdoor environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaosong Fang
- School of Civil Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiwen Feng
- School of Civil Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoning Xu
- School of Civil Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoqing Zhou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Building Energy Efficiency and Application Technologies, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhang Lin
- Division of Building Science and Technology, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Ying Ji
- College of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China.
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25
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Zhu Q, Wang J, Zhang L, Bian W, Lin M, Xu X, Zhou X. LCK rs10914542-G allele associates with type 1 diabetes in children via T cell hyporesponsiveness. Pediatr Res 2019; 86:311-315. [PMID: 31112992 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-019-0436-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Revised: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Abnormal lymphocyte-specific protein tyrosine kinase (LCK)-related T cell hyporesponsiveness was discovered in type 1 diabetes (T1D). This study aims to investigate the potential associations between LCK single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and the susceptibility of T1D. METHODS DNAs were extracted from blood samples of 589 T1D patients and 596 healthy controls to genotype seven SNPs of the LCK gene using PCR and Sanger sequencing. Associations of these SNPs with the susceptibility of T1D were determined by χ2 test. LCKs were knocked out in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) using CRISPR-Cas9 to investigate the role of LCK SNP in T-lymphocyte activation in T1D. RESULTS SNP rs10914542 but not the other six SNPs of the LCK gene was significantly associated with (C vs. G, odds ratio (OR) = 0.581, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.470-0.718, P value = 4.13E - 7) the susceptibility of T1D. Peripheral T-lymphocyte activation in response to T cell receptor (TCR)/CD3 stimulation is significantly lower in the rs10914542-G-allele group than in the C-allele group. In vitro experiments revealed that rs10914542 G allele impaired the TCR/CD3-mediated T-cell activation in PBMCs. CONCLUSIONS This study reveals that the G allele of SNP rs10914542 of LCK impairs the TCR/CD3-mediated T-cell activation and increases the risk of T1D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingwen Zhu
- Prenatal Screening and Diagnosis Center, Nantong Municipal Maternal and Child Health Hospital, 226010, Nantong, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Prenatal Screening and Diagnosis Center, Nantong Municipal Maternal and Child Health Hospital, 226010, Nantong, China
| | - Lingli Zhang
- Prenatal Screening and Diagnosis Center, Nantong Municipal Maternal and Child Health Hospital, 226010, Nantong, China
| | - Wenjun Bian
- Prenatal Screening and Diagnosis Center, Nantong Municipal Maternal and Child Health Hospital, 226010, Nantong, China
| | - Mengsi Lin
- Prenatal Screening and Diagnosis Center, Nantong Municipal Maternal and Child Health Hospital, 226010, Nantong, China
| | - Xiaoning Xu
- Prenatal Screening and Diagnosis Center, Nantong Municipal Maternal and Child Health Hospital, 226010, Nantong, China
| | - Xiang Zhou
- Prenatal Screening and Diagnosis Center, Nantong Municipal Maternal and Child Health Hospital, 226010, Nantong, China.
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26
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoning Xu
- School of Economics and Management, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Rong Chen
- School of Economics and Management, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Feng He
- Donlinks School of Economics and Management, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Liyun Zhu
- School of business, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, P.R. China
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27
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Xu XN, Liu HY. [Clinical analysis of cervical posterior internal fixation titanium plate and silk suspension internal fixation cervical spondylosis]. Zhonghua Wai Ke Za Zhi 2017; 55:214-219. [PMID: 28241724 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0529-5815.2017.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To evaluate the clinical effect and imaging evaluation of cervical spine myelopathy treated with Centerpiece. Methods: A retrospective study of 60 patients underwent posterior cervical spine surgery because of cervical myelopathy in Spinal Department of Peking University People's Hospital from July 2011 to January 2013.According to the different fixation methods, all patients were divided into cervical posterior open-door Centerpiece fixation group (group A) and cervical posterior open-door silk suspension fixation group (group B). There were 40 patients in group A, including 25 males and 15 females, mean age (59.7±11.9) years old, average course of disease before surgery (53.6±61.5) months, average follow-up time (28.5±3.1) months after operation.There were 20 patients in group B, including 15 males and 5 females, mean age (58.3±9.6) years old, average course of disease before surgery (50.4±14.9) months, average follow-up time (28.3±1.9) months after operation.The operation time, intraoperative blood loss, postoperative drainage, preoperative and postoperative Japanese Orthopaedic Association(JOA) score, the neck disability index(NDI) score, visual analog scale (VAS) score, postoperative axial pain, C(5) nerve root palsy, postoperative "re-closing" and other related complications were observed.Imaging assessment projects include: before and after surgery of cervical curvature, range of motion(ROM), spinal anteroposterior diameter, spinal canal expansion rate, the whole spinal cord backward shift distance and area of the spinal canal and the opening angle. Results: There was no significant difference in general data between the two groups (P>0.05). Group A the average operation time was(117.7±23.4)min, the average amount of operative bleeding was (152.0±122.7) ml, and the postoperative drainage volume was (268.7±222.1) ml.The average operation time of group B was (141.7±23.9) min, the average amount of operative bleeding was (166.7±42.5) ml, and the postoperative drainage volume of group B was (255.3±47.0) ml.There was no significant difference between the two groups in the amount of operative bleeding and postoperative drainage volume (both P>0.05), the operation time between the two groups was statistically significant (P<0.05). At the end of the follow-up, the JOA score, NDI score, and VAS score were significantly improved (P<0.05) in both group A and group B and there was no significant difference between the two groups (P>0.05). C(5) nerve root paralysis was not occurred in both two groups after operation.There were 1 case of axial pain in the group A and 7 cases in the group B and there were significant differences between the two groups (P<0.05). The group A was not found "re-closing" during the follow-up and 12 patients of group B found to be "re-closing" phenomenon, there were statistically different between the two groups (P<0.05). Comparison of preoperative and postoperative, there were no significant differences in cervical curvature and ROM in both groups (P>0.05). Butthe spinal canal diameter and the vertebral canal area were statistically different after surgery (P<0.05). There was no statistical difference between the two groups of cervical curvature and ROM (P>0.05). There was no statistical difference between the two groups of spinal canal diameter, spinal canal area and spinal canal diameter enlargement rate(P>0.05). There was no statistical difference between the two groups of the whole spinal cord backward shift distance(P>0.05). There were significant differences between the two groups at the angle of the open door (P<0.05). Conclusion: Centerpiece cervical posterior titanium plate can achieve good clinical efficacy in the treatment of multi segmental spinal cervical spondylosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- X N Xu
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
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Kaslow DC, Kalil J, Bloom D, Breghi G, Colucci AM, De Gregorio E, Madhavan G, Meier G, Seabrook R, Xu X. The role of vaccines and vaccine decision-making to achieve the goals of the Grand Convergence in public health. Vaccine 2016; 35 Suppl 1:A10-A15. [PMID: 28017438 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2016.10.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2016] [Revised: 09/11/2016] [Accepted: 10/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
On 17 and 18 July 2015, a meeting in Siena jointly sponsored by ADITEC and GlaxoSmithKline (GSK) was held to review the goals of the Global Health 2035 Grand Convergence, to discuss current vaccine evaluation methods, and to determine the feasibility of reaching consensus on an assessment framework for comprehensively and accurately capturing the full benefits of vaccines. Through lectures and workshops, participants reached a consensus that Multi-Criteria-Decision-Analysis is a method suited to systematically account for the many variables needed to evaluate the broad benefits of vaccination, which include not only health system savings, but also societal benefits, including benefits to the family and increased productivity. Participants also agreed on a set of "core values" to be used in future assessments of vaccines for development and introduction. These values include measures of vaccine efficacy and safety, incident cases prevented per year, the results of cost-benefit analyses, preventable mortality, and the severity of the target disease. Agreement on this set of core assessment parameters has the potential to increase alignment between manufacturers, public health agencies, non-governmental organizations (NGOs), and policy makers (see Global Health 2035 Mission Grand Convergence [1]). The following sections capture the deliberations of a workshop (Working Group 4) chartered to: (1) review the list of 24 parameters selected from SMART vaccines (see the companion papers by Timmis et al. and Madhavan et al., respectively) to determine which represent factors (see Table 1) that should be taken into account when evaluating the role of vaccines in maximizing the success of the Global Health 2035 Grand Convergence; (2) develop 3-5 "core values" that should be taken into account when evaluating vaccines at various stages of development; and (3) determine how vaccines can best contribute to the Global Health 2035 Grand Convergence effort.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - David Bloom
- Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
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Abstract
The availability and distribution of biomass resources are important for the development of the bioenergy industry in a region. Biomass resources are abundant in China; however, the raw material is severely deficient, which makes the Chinese bioenergy industry an embarrassment and a contradiction. Unclear reserves and distribution and changing trends of biomass resources are the reason for this situation. A collection coefficient model of Chinese agricultural residue resources was established and the spatial and temporal pattern dynamics of agricultural residue resources in the last 30 years were analyzed. The results show that agricultural residue resources increased in stages from 1978 to 2011, including a rapid increase from 1978 to 1999, a significant fall from 2000 to 2004, and a slow increase from 2004 to 2011. Crops straw and livestock manure are the main ingredients of agricultural residue resources with proportions of 53-59% and 31-38%, respectively. However, the former has gradually decreased, while the latter is increasing. This mainly resulted from the strategic reorganization of the Chinese agriculture structure and the rapid development of large-scale livestock breeding and agricultural mechanization. Large regional differences existed in Chinese agricultural residue resources, and three distribution types formed, including resource-rich areas in North China, Northeast and Inner Mongolia, resource-limited areas in Central and Southwest China, and resource-poor areas along Northwest and Southeast coasts. This pattern is a reverse of the distributions of climatic conditions, water resources, economic development, human resources, and technological levels. Finally, it can be predicted that livestock manure and biomass conversion technology at low temperature will play increasingly significant roles in bioenergy industry development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanli Yang
- Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Science, China
| | - Peidong Zhang
- College of Environment and Safety Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, China
| | - Xutong Yang
- Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Science, China
| | - Xiaoning Xu
- Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Science, China
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Abstract
Marine actinobacteria are well recognized for their capabilities to produce valuable natural products, which have great potential for applications in medical, agricultural, and fine chemical industries. In addition to producing unique enzymes responsible for biosynthesis of natural products, many marine actinobacteria also produce hydrolytic enzymes which are able to degrade various biopolymers, such as cellulose, xylan, and chitin. These enzymes are important to produce biofuels and biochemicals of interest from renewable biomass. In this chapter, the recent reports of novel enzymes produced by marine actinobacteria are reviewed, and advanced technologies that can be applied to search for novel marine enzymes as well as for improved enzyme production by marine actinobacteria are summarized, which include ribosome engineering, genome mining, as well as synthetic biology studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Q Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism and School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
| | - X N Xu
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
| | - L Y Chen
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
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Huang G, Ling KV, Xu X, Liao Y. Generalized eigenvalue minimization for uncertain first-order plus time-delay processes. ISA Trans 2014; 53:141-149. [PMID: 24079460 DOI: 10.1016/j.isatra.2013.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2013] [Revised: 08/08/2013] [Accepted: 09/06/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
This paper shows how to apply generalized eigenvalue minimization to processes that can be described by a first-order plus time-delay model with uncertain gain, time constant and delay. An algorithm to transform the uncertain first-order plus time delay model into a state-space model with uncertainty polyhedron is firstly described. The accuracy of the transformation is studied using numerical examples. Then, the uncertainty polyhedron is rewritten as a linear-matrix-inequality constraint and generalized eigenvalue minimization is adopted to calculate a feedback control law. Case studies show that even if uncertainties associated with the first-order plus time delay model are significant, a stable feedback control law can be found. The proposed control is tested by comparing with a robust internal model control. It is also tested by applying it to the temperature control of air-handing units.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gongsheng Huang
- Department of Civil and Architectural Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Road, Kowloon, Hong Kong.
| | - Keck Voon Ling
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore
| | - Xiaoning Xu
- Institute of Civil Engineering, Guangzhou University, No. 230 Outer Ring Road, Guanzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yundan Liao
- Department of Civil and Architectural Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Road, Kowloon, Hong Kong
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Zhou D, Zhang X, Li W, Xu X, Goonetilleke N, Yang H, Dong T, Yan H. Short communication: broader T cell responses directed against human immunodeficiency virus type 1 in infected Chinese individuals through blood-borne transmission in comparison with mucosal transmission. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 2013; 29:89-93. [PMID: 22650798 DOI: 10.1089/aid.2011.0314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular immune responses play a critical role in the control of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), but less is known about the impact of transmission routes on immune defenses against HIV-1. Here, we report that subjects infected with HIV-1 through contaminated blood showed stronger HIV-specific T cell responses than those infected through mucosa, both in breadth (6.9±2.5 vs. 2.3±0.5, p=0.0293) and in magnitude [1270.0±544.9 vs. 409.5±121.3 SFU per million peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), p=0.0223], by using a matrix of 404 overlapping peptides spanning all expressed HIV-1 proteins in an interferon (IFN)-γ enzyme-linked immunospot (ELISpot) assay. Our observation indicates that different mechanisms might be involved in the priming/generating of anti-HIV-specific T cell responses through different transmission routes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongyan Zhou
- Research Centre of Infection & Immunity, Beijing YouAn Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Research Centre of Infection & Immunity, Beijing YouAn Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Weihua Li
- Research Centre of Infection & Immunity, Beijing YouAn Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoning Xu
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Oxford University, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Nilu Goonetilleke
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Oxford University, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Hongbing Yang
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Oxford University, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Tao Dong
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Oxford University, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Huiping Yan
- Research Centre of Infection & Immunity, Beijing YouAn Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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Perkins MR, Ryschkewitsch C, Liebner JC, Monaco MCG, Himelfarb D, Ireland S, Roque A, Edward HL, Jensen PN, Remington G, Abraham T, Abraham J, Greenberg B, Kaufman C, LaGanke C, Monson NL, Xu X, Frohman E, Major EO, Douek DC. Changes in JC virus-specific T cell responses during natalizumab treatment and in natalizumab-associated progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy. PLoS Pathog 2012; 8:e1003014. [PMID: 23144619 PMCID: PMC3493478 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1003014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2012] [Accepted: 09/20/2012] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) induced by JC virus (JCV) is a risk for natalizumab-treated multiple sclerosis (MS) patients. Here we characterize the JCV-specific T cell responses in healthy donors and natalizumab-treated MS patients to reveal functional differences that may account for the development of natalizumab-associated PML. CD4 and CD8 T cell responses specific for all JCV proteins were readily identified in MS patients and healthy volunteers. The magnitude and quality of responses to JCV and cytomegalovirus (CMV) did not change from baseline through several months of natalizumab therapy. However, the frequency of T cells producing IL-10 upon mitogenic stimulation transiently increased after the first dose. In addition, MS patients with natalizumab-associated PML were distinguished from all other subjects in that they either had no detectable JCV-specific T cell response or had JCV-specific CD4 T cell responses uniquely dominated by IL-10 production. Additionally, IL-10 levels were higher in the CSF of individuals with recently diagnosed PML. Thus, natalizumab-treated MS patients with PML have absent or aberrant JCV-specific T cell responses compared with non-PML patients, and changes in T cell-mediated control of JCV replication may be a risk factor for developing PML. Our data suggest further approaches to improved monitoring, treatment and prevention of PML in natalizumab-treated patients. Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) is a complication of treatment with natalizumab in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) and Crohn's disease. PML results from a failure of the immune system to control replication of JC virus (JCV) in the brain. We studied the T cell responses of 8 patients with MS who were starting treatment with natalizumab, 10 healthy volunteers, and 4 patients with natalizumab-associated PML. The magnitude and quality of JCV-specific immune responses remained unchanged after starting natalizumab. However, applying the same methods and antigens, we found that immune responses in the individuals who developed PML differed from those in the MS patients and healthy volunteers. In the four patients with PML from whom the laboratory had identified JCV DNA in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), two had no measurable T cell response to JCV and two had T cells that produced IL-10, an anti-inflammatory mediator. Furthermore, we studied the CSF of 10 patients with natalizumab-associated PML and 10 patients on natalizumab who had similar symptoms but did not have PML. We found that IL-10 was detectable in the CSF of half of the individuals with PML but none of the control group. These findings shed light on the mechanisms that lead to PML in a subset of patients treated with natalizumab and have implications for therapeutic and preventative measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Molly R. Perkins
- Human Immunology Section, Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Caroline Ryschkewitsch
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Neuroscience, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Julia C. Liebner
- Human Immunology Section, Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Maria Chiara G. Monaco
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Neuroscience, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Danielle Himelfarb
- Human Immunology Section, Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Sara Ireland
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
| | - Annelys Roque
- Human Immunology Section, Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Heather L. Edward
- Human Immunology Section, Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Peter N. Jensen
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Neuroscience, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Gina Remington
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
| | - Thomas Abraham
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
| | - Jaspreet Abraham
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
| | - Benjamin Greenberg
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
| | - Charles Kaufman
- Louisiana Neurologic Consultants. Baton Rouge, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Chris LaGanke
- North Central Neurology, Cullman, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Nancy L. Monson
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
| | - Xiaoning Xu
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Elliot Frohman
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
| | - Eugene O. Major
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Neuroscience, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail: (EOM); (DCD)
| | - Daniel C. Douek
- Human Immunology Section, Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail: (EOM); (DCD)
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Jiao Y, Zhang T, Wang R, Zhang H, Huang X, Yin J, Zhang L, Xu X, Wu H. Plasma IP-10 Is Associated with Rapid Disease Progression in Early HIV-1 Infection. Viral Immunol 2012; 25:333-7. [PMID: 22788418 DOI: 10.1089/vim.2012.0011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yanmei Jiao
- Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing You-An Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Tong Zhang
- Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing You-An Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing You-An Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Hongwei Zhang
- Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing You-An Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaojie Huang
- Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing You-An Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiming Yin
- Beijing Institute of Liver Diseases, Beijing You-An Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Liguo Zhang
- Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoning Xu
- Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing You-An Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Hao Wu
- Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing You-An Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Yang H, Wu H, Hancock G, Clutton G, Sande N, Xu X, Yan H, Huang X, Angus B, Kuldanek K, Fidler S, Denny TN, Birks J, McMichael A, Dorrell L. Antiviral inhibitory capacity of CD8+ T cells predicts the rate of CD4+ T-cell decline in HIV-1 infection. J Infect Dis 2012; 206:552-61. [PMID: 22711904 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jis379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rare human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-infected individuals who maintain control of viremia without therapy show potent CD8+ T-cell-mediated suppression of viral replication in vitro. Whether this is a determinant of the rate of disease progression in viremic individuals is unknown. METHODS We measured CD8+ T-cell-mediated inhibition of a heterologous HIV-1 isolate in 50 HIV-1-seropositive adults with diverse progression rates. Linear mixed models were used to determine whether CD8+ T-cell function could explain variation in the rate of CD4+ T-cell decline. RESULTS There was a significant interaction between CD8+ T-cell antiviral activity in vitro and the rate of CD4+ T-cell decline in chronically infected individuals (P < .0001). In a second prospective analysis of recently infected subjects followed for up to 3 years, CD8+ T-cell antiviral activity strongly predicted subsequent CD4+ T-cell decline (P < .0001) and explained up to 73% of the interindividual variation in the CD4+ T-cell slope. In addition, it was inversely associated with viral load set point (r = -0.68 and P = .002). CONCLUSIONS The antiviral inhibitory capacity of CD8+ T cells is highly predictive of CD4+ T-cell loss in early HIV-1 infection. It has potential as a benchmark of effective immunity in vaccine evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongbing Yang
- Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, United Kingdom
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Huang X, Li H, Liu Z, Guo C, Gao Y, Li Z, Fu Y, Zhang T, Chen D, Xu X, Wu H. PP-146 Incidence and characterization of acute HIV-1 infection among high-risk self-identified men who have sex with men in Beijing, China. Int J Infect Dis 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s1201-9712(09)60540-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Zhang P, Zhou HF, Sun ZH, Shao XL, Zhang HT, Xu XN. [Cloning and tissue distribution analysis of CD1d in Rhesus macaque]. Xi Bao Yu Fen Zi Mian Yi Xue Za Zhi 2009; 25:581-583. [PMID: 19737472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
AIM To amplify the CD1d and analyze its tissue distribution in Rhesus macaque. METHODS Extracting total RNA from different tissues of Rhesus macaque. CD1d amplification was carried using specific primers and tissue distribution was analyzed by semi-quantification RT-PCR, using the house-keeping gene GAPDH as an internal control. RESULTS The CD1d coding region was obtained in this experiment and tissue distribution was analyzed: a highest level of CD1d expression was detected in heart, liver and spleen, lower level in blood, lung, small intestine and stomach, and least in brain. CONCLUSION The successful amplification of CD1d is useful to produce anti-CD1d antibody and CD1d-tetramer to study NKT cells in Rhesus macaque. The expression profile of CD1d mRNA in Rhesus macaque is in accordance with the tissue distribution and the functions of NKT cells in other species. These results will provide important insights for future research on the relationship of CD1d/NKT cells and their roles in different tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Zhang
- Overseas Creative Team, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Kunming 650223, China.
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Dejnirattisai W, Duangchinda T, Lin CLS, Vasanawathana S, Jones M, Jacobs M, Malasit P, Xu XN, Screaton G, Mongkolsapaya J. A complex interplay among virus, dendritic cells, T cells, and cytokines in dengue virus infections. J Immunol 2009; 181:5865-74. [PMID: 18941175 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.181.9.5865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Severe dengue virus (DV) infections can cause the life-threatening condition dengue hemorrhagic fever, which is characterized by a severe plasma leak, thrombocytopenia, hemorrhage, and, in severe cases, circulatory collapse and death. There is now much evidence that pre-existing immunity to DV can enhance disease when an individual becomes infected on a second or sequential occasion. It has been shown that in contrast to infected dendritic cells (DC), noninfected bystander DC underwent maturation in dengue infection. In this study, we show that TNF-alpha and type I IFN contribute to the maturation of bystander DC, whereas the inhibition of DV-infected DC maturation can be overcome by activated T cells. Furthermore, IFN-gamma-inducible chemokines, CXCL9, 10, and 11 produced by infected DC are greatly amplified in the presence of DV-specific T cells. The chemokine secretion is also enhanced in coculture of HUVEC with either DV-infected DC or activated T cells. Finally, we found a close correlation between the serum level of these three chemokines and disease severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanwisa Dejnirattisai
- Department of Immunology, Division of Medicine, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
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Xu XB, Fangohr H, Xu XN, Gu M, Wang ZH, Ji SM, Ding SY, Shi DQ, Dou SX. Peak effect in the critical current of type II superconductors with strong magnetic vortex pinning. Phys Rev Lett 2008; 101:147002. [PMID: 18851560 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.101.147002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
We perform 2D Langevin simulations studying the peak effect (PE) of the critical current taking into account the temperature dependence of the competing forces. We observe and report that the PE results from the competition of vortex-vortex interactions and vortex-pin interactions which have different temperature dependencies. The simulations reveal that the PE can take place only for certain pinning strengths, densities of pinning centers, and driving forces, which is in good agreement with experiments. No apparent vortex order-disorder transition is observed across the PE regime. In addition, the PE is a dynamical phenomenon, and thermal fluctuations can speed up the process for the formation of the PE.
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Affiliation(s)
- X B Xu
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Department of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, People's Republic of China.
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Chen Y, Chan VSF, Zheng B, Chan KYK, Xu X, To LYF, Huang FP, Khoo US, Lin CLS. A novel subset of putative stem/progenitor CD34+Oct-4+ cells is the major target for SARS coronavirus in human lung. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 204:2529-36. [PMID: 17923501 PMCID: PMC2118498 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20070462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Identification of the nature of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-infected cells is crucial toward understanding the pathogenesis. Using multicolor colocalization techniques, we previously reported that SARS+ cells in the lung of fatally infected patients expressed the only known functional receptor, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2, and also a binding receptor, liver/lymph node–specific ICAM-3–grabbing non-integrin (CD209L). In this study, we show that SARS-infected cells also express the stem/progenitor cell markers CD34 and Oct-4, and do not express cytokeratin or surfactant. These putative lung stem/progenitor cells can also be identified in some non-SARS individuals and can be infected by SARS-coronavirus ex vivo. Infection of these cells may contribute to the loss of lung repair capacity that leads to respiratory failure as clinically observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongxiong Chen
- Department of Surgery, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
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42
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Mongkolsapaya J, Duangchinda T, Dejnirattisai W, Vasanawathana S, Avirutnan P, Jairungsri A, Khemnu N, Tangthawornchaikul N, Chotiyarnwong P, Sae-Jang K, Koch M, Jones Y, McMichael A, Xu X, Malasit P, Screaton G. T Cell Responses in Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever: Are Cross-Reactive T Cells Suboptimal? J Immunol 2006; 176:3821-9. [PMID: 16517753 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.176.6.3821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 209] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Dengue virus infection poses a growing public health and economic burden in a number of tropical and subtropical countries. Dengue circulates as a number of quasispecies, which can be divided by serology into four groups or serotypes. An interesting feature of Dengue, recognized over five decades ago, is that most severe cases that show hemorrhagic fever are not suffering from a primary infection. Instead, they are reinfected with a virus of different serotype. This observation poses considerable problems in vaccine design, and it is therefore imperative to gain a full understanding of the mechanisms underlying this immunological enhancement of disease. In this study, we examined a T cell epitope restricted by HLA-A*24, a major MHC class I allele, in Southeast Asia in a cohort of children admitted to a hospital with acute Dengue infection. The cytokine profiles and the degranulation capacity of T cells generated to this epitope are defined and compared across different viral serotypes. Cross-reactive Dengue-specific T cells seem to show suboptimal degranulation but high cytokine production, which may contribute to the development of the vascular leak characteristic of Dengue hemorrhagic fever.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juthathip Mongkolsapaya
- Department of Immunology, Division of Medicine, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom
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43
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Iversen AKN, Stewart-Jones G, Learn GH, Christie N, Sylvester-Hviid C, Armitage AE, Kaul R, Beattie T, Lee JK, Li Y, Chotiyarnwong P, Dong T, Xu X, Luscher MA, MacDonald K, Ullum H, Klarlund-Pedersen B, Skinhøj P, Fugger L, Buus S, Mullins JI, Jones EY, van der Merwe PA, McMichael AJ. Conflicting selective forces affect T cell receptor contacts in an immunodominant human immunodeficiency virus epitope. Nat Immunol 2006; 7:179-89. [PMID: 16388312 DOI: 10.1038/ni1298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2005] [Accepted: 12/05/2005] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) are critical for the control of human immunodeficiency virus, but containment of virus replication can be undermined by mutations in CTL epitopes that lead to virus escape. We analyzed the evolution in vivo of an immunodominant, HLA-A2-restricted CTL epitope and found two principal, diametrically opposed evolutionary pathways that exclusively affect T cell-receptor contact residues. One pathway was characterized by acquisition of CTL escape mutations and the other by selection for wild-type amino acids. The pattern of CTL responses to epitope variants shaped which variant(s) prevailed in the virus population. The pathways notably influenced the amount of plasma virus, as patients with efficient CTL selection had lower plasma viral loads than did patients without efficient selection. Thus, viral escape from CTL responses does not necessarily correlate with disease progression.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Crystallography, X-Ray
- Evolution, Molecular
- Female
- Gene Products, gag/chemistry
- Gene Products, gag/genetics
- Gene Products, gag/immunology
- Genetic Variation
- HIV Antigens/genetics
- HIV Antigens/metabolism
- HIV Infections/immunology
- HIV Infections/virology
- HIV-1/genetics
- HIV-1/immunology
- HLA-A2 Antigen/chemistry
- HLA-A2 Antigen/metabolism
- Humans
- Immunodominant Epitopes/genetics
- Immunodominant Epitopes/metabolism
- Models, Molecular
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Multiprotein Complexes
- Mutation
- Peptide Fragments/chemistry
- Peptide Fragments/genetics
- Peptide Fragments/immunology
- Phylogeny
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/metabolism
- Selection, Genetic
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/immunology
- Viremia/immunology
- Viremia/virology
- env Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus
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Affiliation(s)
- Astrid K N Iversen
- Medical Research Council Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9AD, UK.
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44
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Chan VSF, Chan KYK, Chen Y, Poon LLM, Cheung ANY, Zheng B, Chan KH, Mak W, Ngan HYS, Xu X, Screaton G, Tam PKH, Austyn JM, Chan LC, Yip SP, Peiris M, Khoo US, Lin CLS. Homozygous L-SIGN (CLEC4M) plays a protective role in SARS coronavirus infection. Nat Genet 2006; 38:38-46. [PMID: 16369534 PMCID: PMC7097088 DOI: 10.1038/ng1698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2005] [Accepted: 10/03/2005] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) is caused by infection of a previously undescribed coronavirus (CoV). L-SIGN, encoded by CLEC4M (also known as CD209L), is a SARS-CoV binding receptor that has polymorphism in its extracellular neck region encoded by the tandem repeat domain in exon 4. Our genetic risk association study shows that individuals homozygous for CLEC4M tandem repeats are less susceptible to SARS infection. L-SIGN is expressed in both non-SARS and SARS-CoV-infected lung. Compared with cells heterozygous for L-SIGN, cells homozygous for L-SIGN show higher binding capacity for SARS-CoV, higher proteasome-dependent viral degradation and a lower capacity for trans infection. Thus, homozygosity for L-SIGN plays a protective role during SARS infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera S F Chan
- Department of Surgery, Hong Kong Jockey Club Clinical Research Center, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, SAR China
| | - Kelvin Y K Chan
- Department of Pathology, Hong Kong Jockey Club Clinical Research Center, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, SAR China
- Department of Obsterics and Gynecology, Hong Kong Jockey Club Clinical Research Center, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, SAR China
| | - Yongxiong Chen
- Department of Surgery, Hong Kong Jockey Club Clinical Research Center, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, SAR China
| | - Leo L M Poon
- Department of Microbiology, Hong Kong Jockey Club Clinical Research Center, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, SAR China
| | - Annie N Y Cheung
- Department of Pathology, Hong Kong Jockey Club Clinical Research Center, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, SAR China
| | - Bojian Zheng
- Department of Microbiology, Hong Kong Jockey Club Clinical Research Center, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, SAR China
| | - Kwok-Hung Chan
- Department of Microbiology, Hong Kong Jockey Club Clinical Research Center, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, SAR China
| | - William Mak
- Department of Genome Research Centre, Hong Kong Jockey Club Clinical Research Center, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, SAR China
| | - Hextan Y S Ngan
- Department of Obsterics and Gynecology, Hong Kong Jockey Club Clinical Research Center, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, SAR China
| | - Xiaoning Xu
- Human Immunology Unit, The Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Paul K H Tam
- Department of Surgery, Hong Kong Jockey Club Clinical Research Center, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, SAR China
- Department of Genome Research Centre, Hong Kong Jockey Club Clinical Research Center, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, SAR China
| | | | - Li-Chong Chan
- Department of Pathology, Hong Kong Jockey Club Clinical Research Center, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, SAR China
| | - Shea-Ping Yip
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, SAR China
| | - Malik Peiris
- Department of Microbiology, Hong Kong Jockey Club Clinical Research Center, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, SAR China
| | - Ui-Soon Khoo
- Department of Pathology, Hong Kong Jockey Club Clinical Research Center, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, SAR China
| | - Chen-Lung S Lin
- Department of Surgery, Hong Kong Jockey Club Clinical Research Center, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, SAR China
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45
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Dong T, Stewart-Jones G, Chen N, Easterbrook P, Xu X, Papagno L, Appay V, Weekes M, Conlon C, Spina C, Little S, Screaton G, van der Merwe A, Richman DD, McMichael AJ, Jones EY, Rowland-Jones SL. HIV-specific cytotoxic T cells from long-term survivors select a unique T cell receptor. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004; 200:1547-57. [PMID: 15596521 PMCID: PMC2212004 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20032044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
HIV-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) are important in controlling HIV replication, but the magnitude of the CTL response does not predict clinical outcome. In four donors with delayed disease progression we identified Vβ13.2 T cell receptors (TCRs) with very similar and unusually long β-chain complementarity determining region 3 (CDR3) regions in CTL specific for the immunodominant human histocompatibility leukocyte antigens (HLA)-B8–restricted human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) nef epitope, FLKEKGGL (FL8). CTL expressing Vβ13.2 TCRs tolerate naturally arising viral variants in the FL8 epitope that escape recognition by other CTL. In addition, they expand efficiently in vitro and are resistant to apoptosis, in contrast to FL8–specific CTL using other TCRs. Selection of Vβ13.2 TCRs by some patients early in the FL8-specific CTL response may be linked with better clinical outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Dong
- Medical Research Council Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headington, Oxford OX3 9DS UK
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46
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Hu W, Yamasaki T, Feng Z, Yang BL, Xu XN, Wang JJ. Cloning and expressing of the three repeat fragments of Plasmodium falciparum 11.1 gene. Zhongguo Ji Sheng Chong Xue Yu Ji Sheng Chong Bing Za Zhi 2003; 19:15-8. [PMID: 12572016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To clone and express the 3R, 6R and 9R repeat fragments of Plasmodium falciparum(Pf11.1) gene. METHODS Three repeat fragments from the genomic DNA of Plasmodium falciparum 3D7 strain cultivated were amplified by using the designed primers. The PCR products were cloned into the pT7 vector for bi-direction sequencing. The sequencing results were analysised by GENETYX-MAC. And then the amplified fragments were subcloned into pET32a(+) or pET32b(+) in order to express the recombinant proteins under the induction of IPTG in E. coli BL21. RESULTS 3R,6R and 9R fragments with sizez of 552 bp, 630 bp and 444 bp respectively were successfully amplified by PCR. The sequence analysis showed that there were 4 more 3AA units and one more 6AA unit in Pf11.1 gene of 3D7 strain as compared with Palo Alto strain. The homologies of the nucleotide sequence between the 3R fragment and the 6R fragment of the two strains were 92.8% and 95.1%, respectively. The amplified 9R fragment contains 139AA repeat units. The three recombinant proteins were expressed in BL21 strain with molecular weights of 45, 60 and 42 kDa. CONCLUSION We got the 3R, 6R and 9R fragments separately by PCR and expressed them in E. coli successfully. The Pf11.1 gene of 3D7 strain is highly homologous to that of the Palo Alto strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Hu
- Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Academy of Preventive Medicine, Shanghai 200025
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47
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Mongkolsapaya J, Dejnirattisai W, Xu XN, Vasanawathana S, Tangthawornchaikul N, Chairunsri A, Sawasdivorn S, Duangchinda T, Dong T, Rowland-Jones S, Yenchitsomanus PT, McMichael A, Malasit P, Screaton G. Original antigenic sin and apoptosis in the pathogenesis of dengue hemorrhagic fever. Nat Med 2003; 9:921-7. [PMID: 12808447 DOI: 10.1038/nm887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 597] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2003] [Accepted: 05/15/2003] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Dengue virus presents a growing threat to public health in the developing world. Four major serotypes of dengue virus have been characterized, and epidemiological evidence shows that dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF), the more serious manifestation of the disease, occurs more frequently upon reinfection with a second serotype. We have studied dengue virus-specific T-cell responses in Thai children. During acute infection, few dengue-responsive CD8+ T cells were recovered; most of those present showed an activated phenotype and were undergoing programmed cell death. Many dengue-specific T cells were of low affinity for the infecting virus and showed higher affinity for other, probably previously encountered strains. Profound T-cell activation and death may contribute to the systemic disturbances leading to DHF, and original antigenic sin in the T-cell responses may suppress or delay viral elimination, leading to higher viral loads and increased immunopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juthathip Mongkolsapaya
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, OX3 9DS, UK
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48
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Abstract
Many viruses establish life-long infections in their natural host with few if any clinical manifestations. The relationship between virus and host is a dynamic process in which the virus has evolved the means to coexist by reducing its visibility, while the host immune system attempts to suppress and eliminate infection without damage to itself. This short review describes a variety of strategies that are employed by viruses to evade host immune responses. These include virus-associated escape from T cell recognition, and resistance to apoptosis and counterattack, with special reference to two papers published in this issue of Immunity (Mueller et al., 2001; Raftery et al., 2001).
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Affiliation(s)
- X N Xu
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headington, Oxford OX3 9DS, United Kingdom
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49
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50
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Xu XN, Purbhoo MA, Chen N, Mongkolsapaya J, Cox JH, Meier UC, Tafuro S, Dunbar PR, Sewell AK, Hourigan CS, Appay V, Cerundolo V, Burrows SR, McMichael AJ, Screaton GR. A Novel Approach to Antigen-Specific Deletion of CTL with Minimal Cellular Activation Using α3 Domain Mutants of MHC Class I/Peptide Complex. Immunity 2001; 14:591-602. [PMID: 11371361 DOI: 10.1016/s1074-7613(01)00133-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we have compared the effector functions and fate of a number of human CTL clones in vitro or ex vivo following contact with variant peptides presented either on the cell surface or in a soluble multimeric format. In the presence of CD8 coreceptor binding, there is a good correlation between TCR signaling, killing of the targets, and FasL-mediated CTL apoptosis. Blocking CD8 binding using alpha3 domain mutants of MHC class I results in much reduced signaling and reduced killing of the targets. Surprisingly, however, FasL expression is induced to a similar degree on these CTLs, and apoptosis of CTL is unaffected. The ability to divorce these events may allow the deletion of antigen-specific and pathological CTL populations without the deleterious effects induced by full CTL activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- X N Xu
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headington, OX3 9DS, Oxford, United Kingdom.
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