1
|
Xu LP, Yao L, Li LP, Zhou ZK, Xu YY. [Endoscopic diagnosis of intestinal Talaromycosis marneffei: report of two cases]. Zhonghua Bing Li Xue Za Zhi 2024; 53:398-401. [PMID: 38556827 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112151-20230920-00197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- L P Xu
- Department of Pathology, the First Hospital of Nanchang, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - L Yao
- Department of Digestive Internal, the First Hospital of Nanchang, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - L P Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, the First Hospital of Nanchang, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Z K Zhou
- Department of Pathology, the First Hospital of Nanchang, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Y Y Xu
- Department of Pathology, the First Hospital of Nanchang, Nanchang 330006, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wang H, Zhou ZK, Sui BD, Jin F, Zhou J, Zheng CX. [Analysis of the differences in the characteristics of mesenchymal stem cells derived from jaw and long bones based on single-cell RNA-sequencing]. Zhonghua Kou Qiang Yi Xue Za Zhi 2024; 59:247-254. [PMID: 38432656 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112144-20230824-00109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Objective: To study the whole bone marrow cellular composition of jaw and long bones, and further analyze the heterogeneity of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) derived from these two tissue, aiming at exploring the differences in functional characteristics of bone MSCs from different lineage sources. Methods: The Seurat package of R language was used to analyze the mandibular and femur whole bone marrow single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) datasets in the literature, and the subpopulations were annotated by reference to the marker genes reported by previous studies. The differentially expressed genes between mandible-derived MSCs (M-MSCs) and femur-derived MSCs (F-MSCs) were calculated, and cell-cell communication analysis between M-MSCs or F-MSCs with other cell populations was performed. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses were performed on up-regulated and down-regulated differentially expressed genes of M-MSCs, and Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) was performed on M-MSCs or F-MSCs. Results: cRNA-seq analysis showed that the mandible and femur had the same bone marrow cell composition, but there were differences in the proportion of specific cell populations. Also, there were significantly differentially expressed genes between M-MSCs and F-MSCs. In addition, cell-cell communication analysis revealed differences in numbers of ligand-receptor pairs between M-MSCs or F-MSCs with other cell populations. Furthermore, GO, KEGG and GSEA analysis showed that M-MSCs had higher extracellular matrix production potential than F-MSCs, but had lower ability to regulate other cells in the bone marrow, especially immune cells. Conclusions: M-MSCs and F-MSCs showed distinct differences in the gene expression pattern and up-regulated signaling pathways, which may be closely related to the developmental sources and functional characteristics of jaw and long bones.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H Wang
- Department of Oral Histopathology, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Z K Zhou
- School of Basic Medicine, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - B D Sui
- Department of Oral Histopathology, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - F Jin
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - J Zhou
- Department of Oral Histopathology, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - C X Zheng
- Department of Oral Histopathology, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Xi'an 710032, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Xu CJ, Yu JT, Yang J, Yang S, Zhou ZK, Wen YB, Shang XP, Wen JG. [Influence of disposable diaper dependence on emotional behavior and related factors of preschool-aged children]. Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi 2023; 103:3770-3775. [PMID: 38092554 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112137-20230310-00367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
Objective: To investigate the influence of disposable diaper dependence (DDD) on emotional behavior and related factors of preschool-aged children. Methods: A total of 3 000 preschool-aged children from 16 kindergartens in Zhengzhou of Henan Province from October 2019 to March 2020 were selected and their parents were investigated by using a basic information questionnaire (including usage of disposable diapers), Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) and Children's Sleep Questionnaire (PSQ). The differences in baseline and clinical data were compared between the DDD children and normal children, and multiple linear regression models were used to analyze the factors associated with emotional behavior in DDD children. Results: A total of 3 000 questionnaires were distributed and 2 775 (92.50%) were valid. The children ranged in age from 3 to 5 years, including 1 438 boys (51.82%) and 1 337 girls (48.18%). There were 98 (3.53%) children in DDD group and 2 677 (96.47%) children in normal group. The proportion of children living in cities in the DDD group was 58.16%, significantly higher than that of 41.84% in the normal children group (P<0.001). The abnormal detection rate of various factors in SDQ in DDD children, from high to low, were hyperactivity (n=14, 14.29%), peer communication problems (n=12, 12.24%), prosocial behavior (n=11, 11.22%), emotional symptoms (n=10, 10.20%) and conduct problems (n=7, 7.14%). The detection rates of abnormal total difficulty scores in DDD group and normal children were 7.14% (7 cases) and 0.78% (21 cases), respectively, with statistically significant differences (P<0.001). The proportions of emotional symptoms and hyperactivity disorder in DDD group were higher than those in normal group, and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). The PSQ score of children in DDD group was 3.01±2.02 which was not significantly different from the PSQ score of the normal group (2.71±2.10, P=0.157). The multi-factor analysis showed that caregiver's education level (β=-1.135,95%CI:-1.910 to -0.359), urinary incontinence (β=2.222, 95%CI: 1.105-3.339), fecal incontinence (β=3.833, 95%CI: 2.691-4.975), urinary and fecal incontinence (β=5.522, 95%CI: 4.145-6.899), and recurrent urinary tract infections(β=3.523,95%CI: 1.798-5.248)were the independent influencing factors of emotional behavioral problems in DDD children (P<0.05). Conclusions: Children with DDD are more likely to have emotional behavioral problems than normal children. Caregiver's education level, urinary incontinence and recurrent urinary tract infections were influencing factors of emotional behavioral problems in DDD children.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C J Xu
- Department of Breast Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - J T Yu
- Department of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Joint International Paediatric Urodynamic Laboratory, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - J Yang
- Department of Out-patient, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - S Yang
- Department of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Joint International Paediatric Urodynamic Laboratory, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Z K Zhou
- Department of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Joint International Paediatric Urodynamic Laboratory, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Y B Wen
- Department of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Joint International Paediatric Urodynamic Laboratory, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - X P Shang
- Department of Medical Record Management, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - J G Wen
- Department of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Joint International Paediatric Urodynamic Laboratory, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Peng HM, Zhou ZK, Zhao JN, Wang F, Liao WM, Zhang WM, Jiang Q, Yan SG, Cao L, Chen LB, Xiao J, Xu WH, He R, Xia YY, Xu YQ, Xu P, Zuo JL, Hu YH, Wang WC, Huang W, Wang JC, Tao SQ, Qian QR, Wang YZ, Zhang ZQ, Tian XB, Wang WW, Jin QH, Zhu QS, Yuan H, Shang XF, Shi ZJ, Zheng J, Xu JZ, Liu JG, Xu WD, Weng XS, Qiu GX. [Revision rate of periprosthetic joint infection post total hip or knee arthroplasty of 34 hospitals in China between 2015 and 2017: a multi-center survey]. Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi 2023; 103:999-1005. [PMID: 36990716 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112137-20221108-02351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
Objective: To investigate the rate of periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) revision surgeries and clinical information of hip-/knee- PJI cases nationwide from 2015 to 2017 in China. Methods: An epidemiological investigation. A self-designed questionnaire and convenience sampling were used to survey 41 regional joint replacement centers nationwide from November 2018 to December 2019 in China. The PJI was diagnosed according to the Musculoskeletal Infection Association criteria. Data of PJI patients were obtained by searching the inpatient database of each hospital. Questionnaire entries were extracted from the clinical records by specialist. Then the differences in rate of PJI revision surgery between hip- and knee- PJI revision cases were calculated and compared. Results: Total of 36 hospitals (87.8%) nationwide reported data on 99 791 hip and knee arthroplasties performed from 2015 to 2017, with 946 revisions due to PJI (0.96%). The overall hip-PJI revision rate was 0.99% (481/48 574), and it was 0.97% (135/13 963), 0.97% (153/15 730) and 1.07% (193/17 881) in of 2015, 2016, 2017, respectively. The overall knee-PJI revision rate was 0.91% (465/51 271), and it was 0.90% (131/14 650), 0.88% (155/17 693) and 0.94% (179/18 982) in 2015, 2016, 2017, respectively. Heilongjiang (2.2%, 40/1 805), Fujian (2.2%, 45/2 017), Jiangsu (2.1%, 85/3 899), Gansu (2.1%, 29/1 377), Chongqing (1.8%, 64/3 523) reported relatively high revision rates. Conclusions: The overall PJI revision rate in 34 hospitals nationwide from 2015 to 2017 is 0.96%. The hip-PJI revision rate is slightly higher than that in the knee-PJI. There are differences in revision rates among hospitals in different regions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H M Peng
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Z K Zhou
- Department of Orthopaedics, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - J N Zhao
- Department of Orthopaedics, General Hospital of Eastern War Zone, People's Liberation Army, Nanjing 210002, China
| | - F Wang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050051, China
| | - W M Liao
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510008, China
| | - W M Zhang
- Department of Joint Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350009, China
| | - Q Jiang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - S G Yan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - L Cao
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830054, China
| | - L B Chen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Central South Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - J Xiao
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Wuhan Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - W H Xu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Wuhan Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430032, China
| | - R He
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, the Southwest Hospital of Army Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Y Y Xia
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China
| | - Y Q Xu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, 920th Hospital of the People's Liberation Army, Kunming 650032, China
| | - P Xu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Xi'an Red Cross Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710054, China
| | - J L Zuo
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun 130031, China
| | - Y H Hu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - W C Wang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Second Hospital of Xiangya, Central South University, Changsha 410016, China
| | - W Huang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, First Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, China
| | - J C Wang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - S Q Tao
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Second Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Q R Qian
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Y Z Wang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Z Q Zhang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - X B Tian
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550000, China
| | - W W Wang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150000, China
| | - Q H Jin
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750010, China
| | - Q S Zhu
- Xijing Hospital of Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - H Yuan
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region People's Hospital, Urumqi 830002, China
| | - X F Shang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China (Anhui Provincial Hospital), Hefei 230001, China
| | - Z J Shi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Southern Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - J Zheng
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou 450003, China
| | - J Z Xu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, the First Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - J G Liu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, the First Bethune Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130000, China
| | - W D Xu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Shanghai 200082, China
| | - X S Weng
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - G X Qiu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Jia LB, Nam GS, Su T, Yang X, Zhou ZK, Ji YH. Miocene Dipteronia (Sapindaceae) samaras from South Korea and their biogeographical implications. iScience 2023; 26:106515. [PMID: 37070070 PMCID: PMC10105288 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.106515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Dipteronia, now endemic to East Asia, was widely distributed in North America during the Paleogene; however, its fossil records in Asia are scarce and none are of the Neogene. Here, we report the first Neogene Dipteronia samaras from South Korea. The more complete fossil records suggest that Dipteronia possibly originated in either Asia or North America and that its two known lineages have different geographical histories. The Dipteronia sinensis lineage was established in Asia and North America in the Paleocene and reached its maximum range in the Eocene, followed by stepwise range contraction and extirpation in North America, South Korea, and southwestern China, finally becoming endemic to central China. In contrast, the Dipteronia dyeriana lineage might have been restricted to southwestern China, where it originated, indicating historical confinement. The current restricted distribution of Dipteronia possibly resulted from its evolutionary deceleration in a constantly changing environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lin-Bo Jia
- CAS Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
- State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy (Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, Chinese Academy of Sciences), Nanjing 210008, Jiangsu, China
- Corresponding author
| | - Gi-Soo Nam
- Gongju National University of Education, 27, Ungjin-ro, Gongju-si, Chungcheongnam-do 32553, Korea
| | - Tao Su
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla 666303, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xia Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Zhe-Kun Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla 666303, China
| | - Yun-Heng Ji
- CAS Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
- Corresponding author
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Song A, Liu J, Liang SQ, Van Do T, Nguyen HB, Deng WYD, Jia LB, Del Rio C, Srivastava G, Feng Z, Zhou ZK, Huang J, Su T. Leaf fossils of Sabalites (Arecaceae) from the Oligocene of northern Vietnam and their paleoclimatic implications. Plant Divers 2022; 44:406-416. [PMID: 35967257 PMCID: PMC9363516 DOI: 10.1016/j.pld.2021.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Recent paleobotanical investigations in Vietnam provide a good opportunity to improve our understanding of the biodiversity and paleoclimatic conditions in the geological past of Southeast Asia. Palms (Arecaceae) are a diverse family of typical thermophilous plants with a relatively low tolerance for freezing. In this study, we describe well-preserved fossil palm leaves from the Oligocene Dong Ho Formation of Hoanh Bo Basin, northern Vietnam. Characters of the fossil leaves, such as a fan-shaped costapalmate lamina, an unarmed petiole, a costa slightly enlarged at the base that then tapers distally into the blade, and well-preserved amphistomatic leaves with cuticles, suggest that they represent a new fossil species, which we herein designate Sabalites colaniae A. Song, T. Su, T. V. Do et Z.K. Zhou sp. nov. Together with other paleontological and palaeoclimatic evidence, we conclude that a warm climate prevailed in northern Vietnam and nearby areas during the Oligocene.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ai Song
- Institute of Palaeontology, Yunnan Key Laboratory for Palaeobiology, MEC International Joint Laboratory for Palaeobiology and Palaeoenvironment, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Earth System Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, 666303, China
| | - Jia Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, 666303, China
| | - Shui-Qing Liang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, 666303, China
| | - Truong Van Do
- Vietnam National Museum of Nature, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Hanoi, Viet Nam
- Graduate Academy of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Hung Ba Nguyen
- Vietnam National Museum of Nature, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Wei-Yu-Dong Deng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, 666303, China
| | - Lin-Bo Jia
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650204, China
| | - Cédric Del Rio
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, 666303, China
| | | | - Zhuo Feng
- Institute of Palaeontology, Yunnan Key Laboratory for Palaeobiology, MEC International Joint Laboratory for Palaeobiology and Palaeoenvironment, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Earth System Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Zhe-Kun Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, 666303, China
| | - Jian Huang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, 666303, China
| | - Tao Su
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, 666303, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Jia LB, Nam GS, Su T, Stull GW, Li SF, Huang YJ, Zhou ZK. Fossil fruits of Firmiana and Tilia from the middle Miocene of South Korea and the efficacy of the Bering land bridge for the migration of mesothermal plants. Plant Divers 2021; 43:480-491. [PMID: 35024517 PMCID: PMC8720707 DOI: 10.1016/j.pld.2020.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Determining whether the high-latitude Bering land bridge (BLB) was ecologically suitable for the migration of mesothermal plants is significant for Holarctic phytogeographic inferences. Paleobotanical studies provide a critical source of data on the latitudinal positions of different plant lineages at different times, permitting assessment of the efficacy of the BLB for migration. Here we report exceptionally preserved fossils of Firmiana and Tilia endochrysea from the middle Miocene of South Korea. This represents a new reliable record of Firmiana and the first discovery of the T. endochrysea lineage in the fossil record of Asia. The occurrence of these fossils in South Korea indicates that the two lineages had a distribution that extended much farther north during the middle Miocene, but they were still geographically remote from the BLB. In light of the broader fossil record of Asia, our study shows that, in the middle Miocene, some mesothermal plants apparently inhabited the territory adjacent to the BLB and thus they were possibly capable of utilizing the BLB as a migratory corridor. Some other mesothermal plants, such as Firmiana and the T. endochrysea lineages, however, are restricted to more southern regions relative to the BLB based on current fossil evidence. These lineages may have been ecologically unable to traverse the BLB, which raises questions about the efficacy of the BLB as a universal exchange route for mesothermal plants between Asia and North America during the middle Miocene.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lin-Bo Jia
- CAS Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650204, China
| | - Gi-Soo Nam
- Gongju National University of Education, 27, Ungjin-ro, Gongju-si, Chungcheongnam-do 32553, South Korea
| | - Tao Su
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla 666303, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Gregory W. Stull
- Germplasm Bank of Wild Species, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China
- Department of Botany, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20013, USA
| | - Shu-Feng Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla 666303, China
| | - Yong-Jiang Huang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650204, China
| | - Zhe-Kun Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650204, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Li SF, Valdes PJ, Farnsworth A, Davies-Barnard T, Su T, Lunt DJ, Spicer RA, Liu J, Deng WYD, Huang J, Tang H, Ridgwell A, Chen LL, Zhou ZK. Orographic evolution of northern Tibet shaped vegetation and plant diversity in eastern Asia. Sci Adv 2021; 7:eabc7741. [PMID: 33571113 PMCID: PMC7840128 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abc7741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The growth of the Tibetan Plateau throughout the past 66 million years has profoundly affected the Asian climate, but how this unparalleled orogenesis might have driven vegetation and plant diversity changes in eastern Asia is poorly understood. We approach this question by integrating modeling results and fossil data. We show that growth of north and northeastern Tibet affects vegetation and, crucially, plant diversity in eastern Asia by altering the monsoon system. This northern Tibetan orographic change induces a precipitation increase, especially in the dry (winter) season, resulting in a transition from deciduous broadleaf vegetation to evergreen broadleaf vegetation and plant diversity increases across southeastern Asia. Further quantifying the complexity of Tibetan orographic change is critical for understanding the finer details of Asian vegetation and plant diversity evolution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Feng Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla 666303, China.
- Center of Plant Ecology, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla 666303, China
- School of Geographical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Paul J Valdes
- School of Geographical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Alex Farnsworth
- School of Geographical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - T Davies-Barnard
- School of Geographical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- College of Engineering, Maths, and Physical Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
- Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany
| | - Tao Su
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla 666303, China
- Center of Plant Ecology, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla 666303, China
| | - Daniel J Lunt
- School of Geographical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Robert A Spicer
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla 666303, China
- School of Environment, Earth and Ecosystem Sciences, The Open University, Milton Keynes, MK7 6AA, UK
| | - Jia Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla 666303, China
| | - Wei-Yu-Dong Deng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla 666303, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jian Huang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla 666303, China
| | - He Tang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla 666303, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Andy Ridgwell
- School of Geographical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Lin-Lin Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla 666303, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhe-Kun Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla 666303, China.
- Key Laboratory of Biogeography and Biodiversity, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650204, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Su T, Spicer RA, Wu FX, Farnsworth A, Huang J, Del Rio C, Deng T, Ding L, Deng WYD, Huang YJ, Hughes A, Jia LB, Jin JH, Li SF, Liang SQ, Liu J, Liu XY, Sherlock S, Spicer T, Srivastava G, Tang H, Valdes P, Wang TX, Widdowson M, Wu MX, Xing YW, Xu CL, Yang J, Zhang C, Zhang ST, Zhang XW, Zhao F, Zhou ZK. A Middle Eocene lowland humid subtropical "Shangri-La" ecosystem in central Tibet. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:32989-32995. [PMID: 33288692 PMCID: PMC7777077 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2012647117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Tibet's ancient topography and its role in climatic and biotic evolution remain speculative due to a paucity of quantitative surface-height measurements through time and space, and sparse fossil records. However, newly discovered fossils from a present elevation of ∼4,850 m in central Tibet improve substantially our knowledge of the ancient Tibetan environment. The 70 plant fossil taxa so far recovered include the first occurrences of several modern Asian lineages and represent a Middle Eocene (∼47 Mya) humid subtropical ecosystem. The fossils not only record the diverse composition of the ancient Tibetan biota, but also allow us to constrain the Middle Eocene land surface height in central Tibet to ∼1,500 ± 900 m, and quantify the prevailing thermal and hydrological regime. This "Shangri-La"-like ecosystem experienced monsoon seasonality with a mean annual temperature of ∼19 °C, and frosts were rare. It contained few Gondwanan taxa, yet was compositionally similar to contemporaneous floras in both North America and Europe. Our discovery quantifies a key part of Tibetan Paleogene topography and climate, and highlights the importance of Tibet in regard to the origin of modern Asian plant species and the evolution of global biodiversity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tao Su
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla 666303, China;
- Center of Plant Ecology, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla 666303, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
| | - Robert A Spicer
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla 666303, China
- School of Environment, Earth and Ecosystem Sciences, The Open University, Milton Keynes, MK7 6AA, United Kingdom
| | - Fei-Xiang Wu
- Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins, Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100044 Beijing, China
- Center for Excellence in Life and Paleoenvironment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101 Beijing, China
| | - Alexander Farnsworth
- School of Geographical Sciences and Cabot Institute, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TH, United Kingdom
| | - Jian Huang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla 666303, China
- Center of Plant Ecology, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla 666303, China
| | - Cédric Del Rio
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla 666303, China
| | - Tao Deng
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins, Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100044 Beijing, China
- Center for Excellence in Life and Paleoenvironment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101 Beijing, China
| | - Lin Ding
- CAS Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101 Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Continental Collision and Plateau Uplift, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101 Beijing, China
| | - Wei-Yu-Dong Deng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla 666303, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
| | - Yong-Jiang Huang
- Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 650204 Kunming, China
| | - Alice Hughes
- Center for Integrative Conservation, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla 666303, China
| | - Lin-Bo Jia
- Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 650204 Kunming, China
| | - Jian-Hua Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Shu-Feng Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla 666303, China
- Center of Plant Ecology, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla 666303, China
| | - Shui-Qing Liang
- Public Technology Service Center, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla 666303, China
| | - Jia Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla 666303, China
- Center of Plant Ecology, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla 666303, China
| | - Xiao-Yan Liu
- School of Geography, South China Normal University, 510631 Guangzhou, China
| | - Sarah Sherlock
- School of Environment, Earth and Ecosystem Sciences, The Open University, Milton Keynes, MK7 6AA, United Kingdom
| | - Teresa Spicer
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla 666303, China
| | - Gaurav Srivastava
- Cenozoic Palaeofloristic Megafossil Lab, Birbal Sahni Institute of Paleosciences, Lucknow 226 007, India
| | - He Tang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla 666303, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
| | - Paul Valdes
- School of Geographical Sciences and Cabot Institute, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TH, United Kingdom
| | - Teng-Xiang Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla 666303, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
| | - Mike Widdowson
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of Hull, Hull HU6 7RX, United Kingdom
| | - Meng-Xiao Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla 666303, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
| | - Yao-Wu Xing
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla 666303, China
- Center of Plant Ecology, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla 666303, China
| | - Cong-Li Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla 666303, China
| | - Jian Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Cong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Continental Tectonics and Dynamics, Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, 100037 Beijing, China
| | - Shi-Tao Zhang
- Faculty of Land Resource Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, 650093 Kunming, China
| | - Xin-Wen Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla 666303, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
| | - Fan Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla 666303, China
| | - Zhe-Kun Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla 666303, China;
- Center of Plant Ecology, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla 666303, China
- Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 650204 Kunming, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Aung AT, Huang J, Do TV, Song A, Liu J, Zhou ZK, Su T. Three new fossil records of Equisetum (Equisetaceae) from the Neogene of south-western China and northern Vietnam. PhytoKeys 2020; 138:3-15. [PMID: 31988601 PMCID: PMC6969027 DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.138.38674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Three fossil species of Equisetum (Equisetaceae) were reported from the Neogene of south-western China and northern Vietnam, based on well-preserved rhizomes with tubers. Equisetum cf. pratense Ehrhart from the middle Miocene of Zhenyuan County, Yunnan Province, China is characterised by a bunch of three ovate tubers with longitudinal ridges on the surface. Equisetum yenbaiense A.T. Aung, T. Su, T.V. Do & Z.K. Zhou, sp. nov. from the late Miocene of Yenbai Province, Vietnam is characterised by four bunches of elongate tubers arranged in a whorl on a node. Equisetum yongpingense A.T. Aung, T. Su & Z.K. Zhou, sp. nov. from the late Pliocene of Yunnan is characterised by fibrous roots on most nodes and two to four bunches of large cylindrical tubers arranged in a whorl on a node. Floristic assemblages suggest that these species might have grown near a riverside or lakeshore. These new fossil records improve our understanding of species richness of Equisetum and their distribution range during the Neogene in Asia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aye Thida Aung
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla 666303, ChinaXishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of SciencesMenglaChina
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, ChinaUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- Southeast Asia Biodiversity Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yezin, Nay Pyi Taw 05282, MyanmarSoutheast Asia Biodiversity Research Institute, Chinese Academy of SciencesYezinChina
| | - Jian Huang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla 666303, ChinaXishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of SciencesMenglaChina
| | - Truong Van Do
- Vietnam National Museum of Nature, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi, 100803, VietnamVietnam National Museum of Nature, Vietnam Academy of Science and TechnologyHanoiVietnam
- Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Hanoi, VietnamGraduate University of Science and TechnologyHanoiVietnam
| | - Ai Song
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla 666303, ChinaXishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of SciencesMenglaChina
- Research Center for Earth System Science, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, ChinaYunnan UniversityKunmingChina
| | - Jia Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla 666303, ChinaXishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of SciencesMenglaChina
| | - Zhe-Kun Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla 666303, ChinaXishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of SciencesMenglaChina
- CAS Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650204, ChinaSoutheast Asia Biodiversity Research Institute, Chinese Academy of SciencesYezinMyanmar
| | - Tao Su
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla 666303, ChinaXishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of SciencesMenglaChina
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, ChinaUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- Southeast Asia Biodiversity Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yezin, Nay Pyi Taw 05282, MyanmarSoutheast Asia Biodiversity Research Institute, Chinese Academy of SciencesYezinChina
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Del Rio C, Wang TX, Liu J, Liang SQ, Spicer RA, Wu FX, Zhou ZK, Su T. Asclepiadospermum gen. nov., the earliest fossil record of Asclepiadoideae (Apocynaceae) from the early Eocene of central Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, and its biogeographic implications. Am J Bot 2020; 107:126-138. [PMID: 31944266 DOI: 10.1002/ajb2.1418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
PREMISE Apocynaceae is common in the fossil record, especially as seed remains from the Neogene of Europe and North America, but rare in Asia. Intrafamilial assignment is difficult due to the lack of diagnostic characters, and new fossil and modern data are needed to understand the paleobiogeography of this group. METHODS We studied three Apocynaceae seed impressions from the Lower Eocene Niubao Formation, Jianglang village, Bangor County, central Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. Morphological data from living and fossil species were phylogenetically mapped to enable systematic assignment. RESULTS We describe a new genus, Asclepiadospermum gen. nov., and two new species, A. marginatum sp. nov. and A. ellipticum sp. nov. These species are characterized by an elliptical seed, a margin surrounding the central part of the seed, and polygonal, irregular, and small epidermal cells, and differ mainly in terms of the size of the margin and the shape of the apex. All these characters indicate that this new genus belongs to the subfamily Asclepiadoideae (Apocynaceae). CONCLUSIONS These fossils represent the earliest fossil seed records of Asclepiadoideae. Asclepiadospermum indicates a humid tropical to subtropical flora during the early Eocene in central Tibet. Moreover, our discoveries indicate a close floristic connection between Eurasia and Africa during the early Eocene, which expands our knowledge of the floristic linkage between Tibet and other regions at that time.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cédric Del Rio
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, Yunnan, 666303, China
- Center of Conservation Biology / Economic Botany / Plant Ecology, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, 666303, China
| | - Teng-Xiang Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, Yunnan, 666303, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jia Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, Yunnan, 666303, China
- Center of Conservation Biology / Economic Botany / Plant Ecology, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, 666303, China
| | - Shui-Qing Liang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, Yunnan, 666303, China
- Public Technology Service Center, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, Yunnan, 666303, China
| | - Robert A Spicer
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, Yunnan, 666303, China
- School of Environment, Earth and Ecosystem Sciences, The Open University, Milton Keynes, MK7 6AA, UK
| | - Fei-Xiang Wu
- Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins, Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthro- pology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Zhe-Kun Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, Yunnan, 666303, China
- Center of Conservation Biology / Economic Botany / Plant Ecology, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, 666303, China
- Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Tao Su
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, Yunnan, 666303, China
- Center of Conservation Biology / Economic Botany / Plant Ecology, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, 666303, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Gao ST, Ma L, Zhou Z, Zhou ZK, Baumgard LH, Jiang D, Bionaz M, Bu DP. Heat stress negatively affects the transcriptome related to overall metabolism and milk protein synthesis in mammary tissue of midlactating dairy cows. Physiol Genomics 2019; 51:400-409. [PMID: 31298615 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00039.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Inadequate dry matter intake only partially accounts for the decrease in milk protein synthesis during heat stress (HS) in dairy cows. Our hypothesis is that reduced milk protein synthesis during HS in dairy cows is also caused by biological changes within the mammary gland. The objective of this study was to assess the hypothesis via RNA-Seq analysis of mammary tissue. Herein, four dairy cows were used in a crossover design where HS was induced for 9 days in environmental chambers. There was a 30-day washout between periods. Mammary tissue was collected via biopsy at the end of each environmental period (HS or pair-fed and thermal neutral) for transcriptomic analysis. RNA-Seq analysis revealed HS affected >2,777 genes (false discovery rate-adjusted P value < 0.05) in mammary tissue. Expression of main milk protein-encoding genes and several key genes related to regulation of protein synthesis and amino acid and glucose transport were downregulated by HS. Bioinformatics analysis revealed an overall decrease of mammary tissue metabolic activity by HS (especially carbohydrate and lipid metabolism) and an increase in immune activation and inflammation. Network analysis revealed a major role of TNF, IFNG, S100A8, S100A9, and IGF-1 in inducing/controlling the inflammatory response, with a central role of NF-κB in the process of immunoactivation. The same analysis indicated an overall inhibition of PPARγ. Collectively, these data suggest HS directly controls milk protein synthesis via reducing the transcription of metabolic-related genes and increasing inflammation-related genes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S T Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lu Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Z Zhou
- Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
| | - Z K Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - L H Baumgard
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa
| | - D Jiang
- Statistics, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon
| | - M Bionaz
- Animal and Rangeland Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon
| | - D P Bu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Hu JJ, Xing YW, Su T, Huang YJ, Zhou ZK. Stomatal frequency of Quercus glauca from three material sources shows the same inverse response to atmospheric pCO2. Ann Bot 2019; 123:1147-1158. [PMID: 30861064 PMCID: PMC6612940 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcz020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The inverse correlation between atmospheric CO2 partial pressure (pCO2) and stomatal frequency in many plants has been widely used to estimate palaeo-CO2 levels. However, apparent discrepancies exist among the obtained estimates. This study attempts to find a potential proxy for palaeo-CO2 concentrations by analysing the stomatal frequency of Quercus glauca (section Cyclobalanopsis, Fagaceae), a dominant species in East Asian sub-tropical forests with abundant fossil relatives. METHODS Stomatal frequencies of Q. glauca from three material sources were analysed: seedlings grown in four climatic chambers with elevated CO2 ranging from 400 to 1300 ppm; extant samples collected from 14 field sites at altitudes ranging from 142 to 1555 m; and 18 herbarium specimens collected between 1930 and 2011. Stomatal frequency-pCO2 correlations were determined using samples from these three sources. KEY RESULTS An inverse correlation between stomatal frequency and pCO2 was found for Q. glauca through cross-validation of the three material sources. The combined calibration curves integrating data of extant altitudinal samples and historical herbarium specimens improved the reliability and accuracy of the curves. However, materials in the climatic chambers exhibited a weak response and relatively high stomatal frequency possibly due to insufficient treatment time. CONCLUSIONS A new inverse stomatal frequency-pCO2 correlation for Q. glauca was determined using samples from three sources. These three material types show the same response, indicating that Q. glauca is sensitive to atmospheric pCO2 and is an ideal proxy for palaeo-CO2 levels. Quercus glauca is a nearest living relative (NLR) of section Cyclobalanopsis fossils, which are widely distributed in the strata of East Asia ranging from the Eocene to Pliocene, thereby providing excellent materials to reconstruct the atmospheric CO2 concentration history of the Cenozoic. Quercus glauca will add to the variety of proxies that can be widely used in addition to Ginkgo and Metasequoia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Jin Hu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, Yunnan, China
| | - Yao-Wu Xing
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, Yunnan, China
| | - Tao Su
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, Yunnan, China
| | - Yong-Jiang Huang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Zhe-Kun Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, Yunnan, China
- CAS Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Zhang YS, Weng WY, Xie BC, Meng Y, Hao YH, Liang YM, Zhou ZK. Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists and fracture risk: a network meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials. Osteoporos Int 2018; 29:2639-2644. [PMID: 30083774 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-018-4649-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Our network meta-analysis analyzed the effects of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) on fracture risk. By combining data from randomized controlled trials, we found that GLP-1 RAs were associated with a decreased bone fracture risk, and exenatide is the best option agent with regard to the risk of fracture. This study is registered with PROSPERO (CRD42018094433). INTRODUCTION Data on the effects of GLP-1 RAs on fracture risk are conflicted. This study aimed to analyze the available evidence on the effects of GLP-1 RAs on fracture risk in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. METHODS Electronic databases were searched for relevant published articles, and unpublished studies presented at ClinicalTrials.gov were searched for relevant clinical data. All analyses were performed with STATA 12.0 and R software (Version 3.4.4). We estimated the risk ratio (RR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) by combining RRs for fracture effects of included trials. RESULTS There were 54 eligible random control trials (RCTs) with 49,602 participants, including 28,353 patients treated with GLP-1 RAs. Relative to placebo, exenatide (RR, 0.17; 95% CI 0.03-0.67) was associated with lowest risk of fracture among other GLP-1 RAs. Exenatide had the highest probability to be the safest option with regard to the risk of fracture (0.07 ‰), followed by dulaglutide (1.04%), liraglutide (1.39%), albiglutide (5.61%), lixisenatide (8.07%), and semaglutide (18.72%). A statistically significant inconsistency was observed in some comparisons. CONCLUSION The Bayesian network meta-analysis suggests that GLP-1 RAs were associated with a decreased bone fracture risk compared to users of placebo or other anti-hyperglycemic drugs in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients, and exenatide is the best option agent with regard to the risk of fracture.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y S Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, No. 1, Xincheng Dadao, Songshan Lake Science and Technology Industry Park, Dongguan, 523808, China
| | - W Y Weng
- Department of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, No. 1, Xincheng Dadao, Songshan Lake Science and Technology Industry Park, Dongguan, 523808, China
| | - B C Xie
- Department of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, No. 1, Xincheng Dadao, Songshan Lake Science and Technology Industry Park, Dongguan, 523808, China
| | - Y Meng
- Department of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, No. 1, Xincheng Dadao, Songshan Lake Science and Technology Industry Park, Dongguan, 523808, China
| | - Y H Hao
- Department of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, No. 1, Xincheng Dadao, Songshan Lake Science and Technology Industry Park, Dongguan, 523808, China
| | - Y M Liang
- Department of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, No. 1, Xincheng Dadao, Songshan Lake Science and Technology Industry Park, Dongguan, 523808, China
| | - Z K Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, No. 1, Xincheng Dadao, Songshan Lake Science and Technology Industry Park, Dongguan, 523808, China.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Su T, Spicer RA, Li SH, Xu H, Huang J, Sherlock S, Huang YJ, Li SF, Wang L, Jia LB, Deng WYD, Liu J, Deng CL, Zhang ST, Valdes PJ, Zhou ZK. Uplift, climate and biotic changes at the Eocene–Oligocene transition in south-eastern Tibet. Natl Sci Rev 2018; 6:495-504. [PMID: 34691898 PMCID: PMC8291530 DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwy062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Revised: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 06/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The uplift history of south-eastern Tibet is crucial to understanding processes driving the tectonic evolution of the Tibetan Plateau and surrounding areas. Underpinning existing palaeoaltimetric studies has been regional mapping based in large part on biostratigraphy that assumes a Neogene modernization of the highly diverse, but threatened, Asian biota. Here, with new radiometric dating and newly collected plant-fossil archives, we quantify the surface height of part of the south-eastern margin of Tibet in the latest Eocene (∼34 Ma) to be ∼3 km and rising, possibly attaining its present elevation (3.9 km) in the early Oligocene. We also find that the Eocene–Oligocene transition in south-eastern Tibet witnessed leaf-size diminution and a floral composition change from sub-tropical/warm temperate to cool temperate, likely reflective of both uplift and secular climate change, and that, by the latest Eocene, floral modernization on Tibet had already taken place, implying modernization was deeply rooted in the Palaeogene.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tao Su
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla 666303, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- State Key Laboratory of Paleobiology and Stratigraphy, Nanjing Institute of Geology and Paleontology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Robert A Spicer
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla 666303, China
- School of Environment, Earth and Ecosystem Sciences, The Open University, MK7 6AA, UK
| | - Shi-Hu Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Geodynamics and Geohazards, School of Earth Sciences and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - He Xu
- Institute of Geology and Paleontology, Linyi University, Linyi 276000, China
| | - Jian Huang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla 666303, China
| | - Sarah Sherlock
- School of Environment, Earth and Ecosystem Sciences, The Open University, MK7 6AA, UK
| | - Yong-Jiang Huang
- Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650204, China
| | - Shu-Feng Li
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla 666303, China
| | - Li Wang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla 666303, China
| | - Lin-Bo Jia
- Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650204, China
| | - Wei-Yu-Dong Deng
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla 666303, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jia Liu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla 666303, China
| | - Cheng-Long Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Lithospheric Evolution, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Shi-Tao Zhang
- Faculty of Land Resource Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, China
| | - Paul J Valdes
- School of Geographical Sciences and Cabot Institute, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TH, UK
| | - Zhe-Kun Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla 666303, China
- Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650204, China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Abstract
Rice bran, a valuable byproduct of the rice milling process, has limitations in food industrial applications due to its instability during storage. This review summaries the methodology for stabilization and its impact on the nutritional properties of rice bran. A variety of treatments have been used and these include heat treatment, low-temperature storage, biological and chemical approaches and these will be discussed in terms of their ability to destroy/inhibit enzyme activity and improve storage performance of rice bran. More importantly, changes in the nutritional value of rice bran in terms of vitamins, polyphenols, tocopherols, flavonoids, free fatty acids caused by stabilization of rice bran will also be discussed. This review highlights the importance of appropriate design of processes for stabilization and controlling storage conditions to ensure quality of the rice bran and enhancing levels of phytochemicals in the bran for novel applications in functional foods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y Q Liu
- a Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Science and Technology , Tianjin , China
| | - P Strappe
- b School of Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University , Rockhampton , Qld , Australia
| | - Z K Zhou
- a Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Science and Technology , Tianjin , China.,c ARC Industrial Transformation Training Centre for Functional Grains, Charles Sturt University , Wagga Wagga , NSW , Australia
| | - C Blanchard
- c ARC Industrial Transformation Training Centre for Functional Grains, Charles Sturt University , Wagga Wagga , NSW , Australia
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Mu XP, Wang HB, Cheng X, Yang L, Sun XY, Qu HL, Zhao SS, Zhou ZK, Liu TT, Xiao T, Song B, Jolkkonen J, Zhao CS. Inhibition of Nkcc1 promotes axonal growth and motor recovery in ischemic rats. Neuroscience 2017; 365:83-93. [PMID: 28964752 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2017.09.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Revised: 09/03/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Bumetanide is a selective inhibitor of the Na+-K+-Cl--co-transporter 1(NKCC1). We studied whether bumetanide could affect axonal growth and behavioral outcome in stroke rats. Adult male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to four groups: sham-operated rats treated with vehicle or bumetanide, and ischemic rats treated with vehicle or bumetanide. Endothelin-1 was used to induce focal cerebral ischemia. Bumetanide administration (i.c.v.) started on postoperative day 7 and continued for 3 weeks. Biotinylated dextran amine (BDA) was injected into the right imotor cortex on postoperative day 14 to trace corticospinal tract (CST) fibers sprouting into the denervated cervical spinal cord. Nogo-A, NKCC1, KCC2 and BDNF in the perilesional cortex and BDA, PSD-95 and vGlut1 in the denervated spinal cord were measured by immunohistochemistry and/or Western blot. Behavioral outcome of rats was assessed by the beam walking and cylinder tests. The total length of CST fibers sprouting into the denervated cervical spinal cord significantly increased after stroke and bumetanide further increased this sprouting. Bumetanide treatment also decreased the expressions of NKCC1 and Nogo-A, increased the expressions of KCC2 and BDNF in the perilesional cortex and enhanced the synaptic plasticity in the denervated cervical spinal cord after cerebral ischemia. The behavioral performance of ischemic rats was significantly improved by bumetanide. In conclusion, bumetanide promoted post-stroke axonal sprouting together accompanied by an improved behavioral outcome possibly through restoring and maintaining neuronal chloride homeostasis and creating a recovery-promoting microenvironment by overcoming the axonal growth inhibition encountered after cerebral ischemia in rats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- X P Mu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China; Department of Neurology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - H B Wang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - X Cheng
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - L Yang
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Center Hospital, Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, China
| | - X Y Sun
- Department of Neurology, The People's Hospital of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China
| | - H L Qu
- Department of Neurology, The People's Hospital of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China
| | - S S Zhao
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Z K Zhou
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - T T Liu
- Department of Neurology, The People's Hospital of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China
| | - T Xiao
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China; Key Laboratory of Immunodermatology, Ministry of Health, Ministry of Education, Shenyang, China
| | - B Song
- Regenerative Medicine, Cardiff Institute of Tissue Engineering and Repair, School of Dentistry, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - J Jolkkonen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine - Neurology, University of Eastern Finland, P. O. Box 1627, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - C S Zhao
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Meng HH, Su T, Gao XY, Li J, Jiang XL, Sun H, Zhou ZK. Warm-cold colonization: response of oaks to uplift of the Himalaya-Hengduan Mountains. Mol Ecol 2017; 26:3276-3294. [DOI: 10.1111/mec.14092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2016] [Revised: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 02/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Hu Meng
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology; Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Mengla 666303 China
- Center for Integrative Conservation; Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Kunming 650223 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100049 China
| | - Tao Su
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology; Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Mengla 666303 China
| | - Xiao-Yang Gao
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use; Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Mengla 666303 China
| | - Jie Li
- Center for Integrative Conservation; Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Kunming 650223 China
| | - Xiao-Long Jiang
- Shanghai Chenshan Plant Science Research Center; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Shanghai 201602 China
| | - Hang Sun
- Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia; Kunming Institute of Botany; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Kunming 650204 China
| | - Zhe-Kun Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology; Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Mengla 666303 China
- Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia; Kunming Institute of Botany; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Kunming 650204 China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Xia K, Harrower WL, Turkington R, Tan HY, Zhou ZK. Pre-dispersal strategies by Quercus schottkyana to mitigate the effects of weevil infestation of acorns. Sci Rep 2016; 6:37520. [PMID: 27874099 PMCID: PMC5118682 DOI: 10.1038/srep37520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2015] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated how pre-dispersal strategies may mitigate the effects of weevil infestation of acorns in a population of Quercus schottkyana, a dominant oak in Asian evergreen broad-leaved forests, and assess if weevil infestation contributes to low seedling recruitment. We counted the number of acorns produced, daily from the end of August to mid-late November for 9 years from 2006-2014. We also recorded the rate of acorn infestation by weevils and acorn germination rates of weekly collections. Annual acorn production was variable, but particularly low in 2011 and 2013. There was no trade-off between acorn production and acorn dry mass. However, acorns produced later in the season were significantly heavier. For most years: (i) the rate of weevil infestation was negatively density dependent (a greater proportion of acorns died with increased acorn density), (ii) the percentage germination of acorns was positively density dependent (proportionately more acorns germinated with increased density), and (iii) as the season progressed, the percentage of infested acorns declined while germination rates increased. Finally, (iv) maximum acorn production, percentage infestation and percentage germination were asynchronous. Although pre-dispersal mortality is important it is unlikely to be the primary factor leading to low recruitment of oak seedlings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ke Xia
- Germplasm Bank of Wild Species, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, 650201, China
- Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, 650201, China
| | - William L. Harrower
- Botany Department, and Biodiversity Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Roy Turkington
- Botany Department, and Biodiversity Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Hong-Yu Tan
- Quicken Loans Inc., Detroit, Michigan, 48226, USA
| | - Zhe-Kun Zhou
- Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, 650201, China
- Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Menglun, Mengla, Yunnan, 666303, China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Huang YJ, Su T, Zhou ZK. Late Pliocene diversity and distribution of Drynaria (Polypodiaceae) in western Yunnan explained by forest vegetation and humid climates. Plant Divers 2016; 38:194-200. [PMID: 30159465 PMCID: PMC6112196 DOI: 10.1016/j.pld.2016.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Revised: 06/07/2016] [Accepted: 06/08/2016] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The palaeodiversity of flowering plants in Yunnan has been extensively interpreted from both a molecular and fossil perspective. However, for cryptogamic plants such as ferns, the palaeodiversity remains poorly known. In this study, we describe a new ferny fossil taxon, Drynaria lanpingensis sp. nov. Huang, Su et Zhou (Polypodiaceae), from the late Pliocene of northwestern Yunnan based on fragmentary frond and pinna with in situ spores. The frond is pinnatifid and the pinnae are entirely margined. The sori are arranged in one row on each side of the primary vein. The spores have a semicircular to bean-shaped equatorial view and a tuberculate surface. Taken together with previously described fossils, there are now representatives of three known fossil taxa of Drynaria from the late Pliocene of western Yunnan. These finds suggest that Drynaria diversity was considerable in the region at that time. As Drynaria is a shade-tolerant plant, growing preferably in wet conditions in the understory of forests, its extensive existence may indicate forest vegetation and humid climates in western Yunnan during the late Pliocene. This is in line with results from floristic investigations and palaeoclimatic reconstructions based on fossil floras.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Jiang Huang
- Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Tao Su
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla 666303, China
| | - Zhe-Kun Zhou
- Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla 666303, China
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Zhu H, Huang YJ, Su T, Zhou ZK. New fossil seeds of Eurya (Theaceae) from East Asia and their paleobiogeographic implications. Plant Divers 2016; 38:125-132. [PMID: 30159456 PMCID: PMC6112188 DOI: 10.1016/j.pld.2016.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2016] [Revised: 04/19/2016] [Accepted: 04/28/2016] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Eurya has an excellent fossil record in Europe, but it has only a few fossil occurrences in East Asia though this vast area houses the highest modern diversity of the genus. In this study, three-dimensionally preserved fossil seeds of Eurya stigmosa (Ludwig) Mai from the late Pliocene of northwestern Yunnan, southwestern China are described. The seeds are compressed and flattened, slightly campylotropous, and nearly circular to slightly angular in shape. The surface of the seeds is sculptured by a distinctive foveolate pattern, consisting of funnel-shaped and finely pitted cells. Each seed valve contains a reniform or horseshoe-shaped embryo cavity, a characteristic condyle structure and an internal raphe. These fossil seeds represent one of the few fossil records of Eurya in East Asia. This new finding therefore largely extends the distributional ranges of Eurya during Neogene. Fossil records summarized here show that Eurya persisted in Europe until the early Pleistocene, but disappeared thereafter. The genus might have first appeared in East Asia no later than the late Oligocene, and dispersed widely in regions such as Japan, Nepal, and southwestern China.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hai Zhu
- Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yong-Jiang Huang
- Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
- State Key Laboratory of Paleobiology and Stratigraphy, Nanjing Institute of Geology and Paleontology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
- Corresponding author. Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China. Tel./fax: +86 0871 5219932.
| | - Tao Su
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla 666303, China
| | - Zhe-Kun Zhou
- Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla 666303, China
- Corresponding author. Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China. Tel./fax: +86 0871 5219932.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Huang J, Su T, Lebereton-Anberrée J, Zhang ST, Zhou ZK. The oldest Mahonia (Berberidaceae) fossil from East Asia and its biogeographic implications. J Plant Res 2016; 129:209-23. [PMID: 26691316 DOI: 10.1007/s10265-015-0775-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2014] [Accepted: 10/14/2015] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Interpretation of the biogeography of the genus Mahonia (Berberidaceae) is limited by the lack of fossil records in East Asia. Compressed fossil foliage, described here as Mahonia mioasiatica sp. nov., were collected from the Upper Miocene Xiaolongtan Formation in Wenshan, Yunnan, southwest China. These specimens represent the oldest reliable fossil record of Mahonia in East Asia. This new fossil species shows a general similarity to Group Orientales and is most similar to the extant eastern Asian Mahonia conferta. Considering other fossil evidence of Mahonia, we propose a migration route of this genus to Asia over the North Atlantic Land Bridge rather than the Bering Land Bridge. Our results also suggest that North America, Europe and East Asia have been successive centers of diversity for the genus, as a consequence of diversification in Group Orientales potentially related to historical climate change.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jian Huang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Yunnan, 666303, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Tao Su
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Yunnan, 666303, China
| | - Julie Lebereton-Anberrée
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Yunnan, 666303, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Shi-Tao Zhang
- Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, 650093, China
| | - Zhe-Kun Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Yunnan, 666303, China.
- Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650204, China.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Jia LB, Manchester SR, Su T, Xing YW, Chen WY, Huang YJ, Zhou ZK. First occurrence of Cedrelospermum (Ulmaceae) in Asia and its biogeographic implications. J Plant Res 2015; 128:747-761. [PMID: 26141513 DOI: 10.1007/s10265-015-0739-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2015] [Accepted: 05/16/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Cedrelospermum (Ulmaceae) is an extinct genus with extensive fossil records in Europe and North America. However, no fossil of the genus has been reported from Asia. Here we describe Cedrelospermum asiaticum L.B. Jia, Y.J. Huang et Z.K. Zhou sp. nov. based on compressed fruits from the late Miocene of Yunnan, southwestern China. The fossil fruits are characterized by an ovate fruit body adjoined by double wings, with the veins on the primary wing converging toward a stigmatic area. According to the historical geographic distribution of the genus, we hypothesize that Cedrelospermum originated in North America where both single-winged and double-winged fruits were reported. The single-winged form subsequently spread into Europe via the North Atlantic land bridge and the double-winged form dispersed into Asia via the Bering land bridge. From the Eocene to Oligocene, a southward retreat of the genus distribution probably took place, which coincided with the global surface cooling initiated during the Eocene-Oligocene transition. The extinction of Cedrelospermum from Asia may be related to the intensification of the East Asian monsoon.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lin-Bo Jia
- Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Hu JJ, Xing YW, Turkington R, Jacques FMB, Su T, Huang YJ, Zhou ZK. A new positive relationship between pCO2 and stomatal frequency in Quercus guyavifolia (Fagaceae): a potential proxy for palaeo-CO2 levels. Ann Bot 2015; 115:777-88. [PMID: 25681824 PMCID: PMC4373289 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcv007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2014] [Revised: 12/02/2014] [Accepted: 01/05/2015] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The inverse relationship between atmospheric CO2 partial pressure (pCO2) and stomatal frequency in many species of plants has been widely used to estimate palaeoatmospheric CO2 (palaeo-CO2) levels; however, the results obtained have been quite variable. This study attempts to find a potential new proxy for palaeo-CO2 levels by analysing stomatal frequency in Quercus guyavifolia (Q. guajavifolia, Fagaceae), an extant dominant species of sclerophyllous forests in the Himalayas with abundant fossil relatives. METHODS Stomatal frequency was analysed for extant samples of Q. guyavifolia collected from17 field sites at altitudes ranging between 2493 and 4497 m. Herbarium specimens collected between 1926 and 2011 were also examined. Correlations of pCO2-stomatal frequency were determined using samples from both sources, and these were then applied to Q. preguyavaefolia fossils in order to estimate palaeo-CO2 concentrations for two late-Pliocene floras in south-western China. KEY RESULTS In contrast to the negative correlations detected for most other species that have been studied, a positive correlation between pCO2 and stomatal frequency was determined in Q. guyavifolia sampled from both extant field collections and historical herbarium specimens. Palaeo-CO2 concentrations were estimated to be approx. 180-240 ppm in the late Pliocene, which is consistent with most other previous estimates. CONCLUSIONS A new positive relationship between pCO2 and stomatal frequency in Q. guyavifolia is presented, which can be applied to the fossils closely related to this species that are widely distributed in the late-Cenozoic strata in order to estimate palaeo-CO2 concentrations. The results show that it is valid to use a positive relationship to estimate palaeo-CO2 concentrations, and the study adds to the variety of stomatal density/index relationships that available for estimating pCO2. The physiological mechanisms underlying this positive response are unclear, however, and require further research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Jin Hu
- Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China, Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla 666303, China, Institute of Systematic Botany, University of Zürich, Zürich 8008, Switzerland, Department of Botany, and Biodiversity Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada, V6T 1Z4 and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China, Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla 666303, China, Institute of Systematic Botany, University of Zürich, Zürich 8008, Switzerland, Department of Botany, and Biodiversity Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada, V6T 1Z4 and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yao-Wu Xing
- Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China, Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla 666303, China, Institute of Systematic Botany, University of Zürich, Zürich 8008, Switzerland, Department of Botany, and Biodiversity Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada, V6T 1Z4 and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Roy Turkington
- Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China, Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla 666303, China, Institute of Systematic Botany, University of Zürich, Zürich 8008, Switzerland, Department of Botany, and Biodiversity Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada, V6T 1Z4 and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Frédéric M B Jacques
- Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China, Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla 666303, China, Institute of Systematic Botany, University of Zürich, Zürich 8008, Switzerland, Department of Botany, and Biodiversity Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada, V6T 1Z4 and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Tao Su
- Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China, Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla 666303, China, Institute of Systematic Botany, University of Zürich, Zürich 8008, Switzerland, Department of Botany, and Biodiversity Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada, V6T 1Z4 and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yong-Jiang Huang
- Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China, Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla 666303, China, Institute of Systematic Botany, University of Zürich, Zürich 8008, Switzerland, Department of Botany, and Biodiversity Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada, V6T 1Z4 and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhe-Kun Zhou
- Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China, Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla 666303, China, Institute of Systematic Botany, University of Zürich, Zürich 8008, Switzerland, Department of Botany, and Biodiversity Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada, V6T 1Z4 and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China, Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla 666303, China, Institute of Systematic Botany, University of Zürich, Zürich 8008, Switzerland, Department of Botany, and Biodiversity Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada, V6T 1Z4 and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Zhang JW, D'Rozario A, Adams JM, Li Y, Liang XQ, Jacques FM, Su T, Zhou ZK. Sequoia maguanensis, a new Miocene relative of the coast redwood, Sequoia sempervirens, from China: implications for paleogeography and paleoclimate. Am J Bot 2015; 102:103-118. [PMID: 25587153 DOI: 10.3732/ajb.1400347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED • PREMISE OF THE STUDY The paleogeographical origin of the relict North American Sequoia sempervirens is controversial. Fossil records indicate a Neogene origin for its foliage characteristics. Although several fossils from the Miocene sediments in eastern Asia have been considered to have close affinities with the modern S. sempervirens, they lack the typical features of a leafy twig bearing linear as well as scale leaves, and the fertile shoots terminating by a cone. The taxonomic status of these fossils has remained unclear.• METHODS New better-preserved fossils from the upper Miocene of China indicate a new species of Sequoia. This finding not only confirms the former presence of this genus in eastern Asia, but it also confirms the affinity of this Asian form to the modern relict S. sempervirens.• KEY RESULTS The principal foliage characteristics of S. sempervirens had already originated by the late Miocene. The eastern Asian records probably imply a Beringian biogeographic track of the ancestor of S. sempervirens in the early Neogene, at a time when the land bridge was not too cool for this thermophilic conifer to spread between Asia and North America.• CONCLUSIONS The climatic context of the new fossil Sequoia in Southeast Yunnan, based on other floristic elements of the fossil assemblage in which it is found, is presumed to be warm and humid. Following the uplift of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, this warm, humid climate was replaced by the present monsoonal climate with dry winter and spring. This change may have led to the disappearance of this hygrophilous conifer from eastern Asia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Wei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla 666303, China
| | - Ashalata D'Rozario
- Department of Botany, Narasinha Dutt College, 129 Bellilious Road, Howrah 711101, India
| | - Jonathan M Adams
- The college of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 151-742, Korea
| | - Ya Li
- Institute of Geology, the Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, 26, Baiwanzhuang Road, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Xiao-Qing Liang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla 666303, China
| | - Frédéric M Jacques
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla 666303, China
| | - Tao Su
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla 666303, China
| | - Zhe-Kun Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla 666303, China
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Meng HH, Jacques FM, Su T, Huang YJ, Zhang ST, Ma HJ, Zhou ZK. New Biogeographic insight into Bauhinia s.l. (Leguminosae): integration from fossil records and molecular analyses. BMC Evol Biol 2014; 14:181. [PMID: 25288346 PMCID: PMC4360257 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-014-0181-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2014] [Accepted: 08/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Given that most species that have ever existed on earth are extinct, it stands to reason that the evolutionary history can be better understood with fossil taxa. Bauhinia is a typical genus of pantropical intercontinental disjunction among the Asian, African, and American continents. Geographic distribution patterns are better recognized when fossil records and molecular sequences are combined in the analyses. Here, we describe a new macrofossil species of Bauhinia from the Upper Miocene Xiaolongtan Formation in Wenshan County, Southeast Yunnan, China, and elucidate the biogeographic significance through the analyses of molecules and fossils. Results Morphometric analysis demonstrates that the leaf shapes of B. acuminata, B. championii, B. chalcophylla, B. purpurea, and B. podopetala closely resemble the leaf shapes of the new finding fossil. Phylogenetic relationships among the Bauhinia species were reconstructed using maximum parsimony and Bayesian inference, which inferred that species in Bauhinia species are well-resolved into three main groups. Divergence times were estimated by the Bayesian Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) method under a relaxed clock, and inferred that the stem diversification time of Bauhinia was ca. 62.7 Ma. The Asian lineage first diverged at ca. 59.8 Ma, followed by divergence of the Africa lineage starting during the late Eocene, whereas that of the neotropical lineage starting during the middle Miocene. Conclusions Hypotheses relying on vicariance or continental history to explain pantropical disjunct distributions are dismissed because they require mostly Palaeogene and older tectonic events. We suggest that Bauhinia originated in the middle Paleocene in Laurasia, probably in Asia, implying a possible Tethys Seaway origin or an “Out of Tropical Asia”, and dispersal of legumes. Its present pantropical disjunction resulted from disruption of the boreotropical flora by climatic cooling after the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM). North Atlantic land bridges (NALB) seem the most plausible route for migration of Bauhinia from Asia to America; and additional aspects of the Bauhinia species distribution are explained by migration and long distance dispersal (LDD) from Eurasia to the African and American continents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Hu Meng
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, 666303, China. .,University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Frédéric Mb Jacques
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, 666303, China.
| | - Tao Su
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, 666303, China.
| | - Yong-Jiang Huang
- Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650204, China.
| | - Shi-Tao Zhang
- Faculty of Land Resource Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650093, China.
| | - Hong-Jie Ma
- Zhejiang Institute of Geological Survey, Hangzhou, 311203, China.
| | - Zhe-Kun Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, 666303, China. .,Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650204, China.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Su T, Wilf P, Xu H, Zhou ZK. Miocene leaves of Elaeagnus (Elaeagnaceae) from the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, its modern center of diversity and endemism. Am J Bot 2014; 101:1350-1361. [PMID: 25156983 DOI: 10.3732/ajb.1400229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED • PREMISE OF THE STUDY The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is a major center of plant diversity and endemism, but little is known about how this developed due to the region's very scarce paleobotanical record. The silverberry genus Elaeagnus (Elaeagnaceae) reaches its greatest diversity (54 species) and endemism (36 species) in this area. Fossil Elaeagnaceae could provide significant evidence for the phylogeny and biogeography of the family and contribute primary data regarding the evolution of the unique Qinghai-Tibet Plateau flora in its dramatic setting of tectonic and climatic change.• METHODS We describe four fossil leaves with diagnostic features of Elaeagnus from the late Miocene of eastern Tibet, modern altitude of 3910 m a.s.l.. We also review prior fossil records of Elaeagnaceae.• KEY RESULTS The well-preserved, densely packed, stellate scales on fossil leaf surfaces are diagnostic of Elaeagnaceae. We assign these fossil leaves to Elaeagnus tibetensis T. Su et Z.K. Zhou sp. nov., comprising the first confirmed fossil Elaeagnus leaves worldwide.• CONCLUSIONS Elaeagnus was present in eastern Tibet by the late Miocene. Together with previous fossil records, the new species supports a Holarctic history of the family. The diversification of Elaeagnus in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and adjacent areas might have been driven by continuous uplift at least since the late Miocene, causing formation of complex topography and climate with high rainfall seasonality. The characteristic scales on leaf surfaces are likely to be an important functional adaptation to seasonal droughts during early spring.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tao Su
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla 666303, China
| | - Peter Wilf
- Department of Geosciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802 USA
| | - He Xu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla 666303, China University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhe-Kun Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla 666303, China Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650204, China
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Zhang MG, Zhou ZK, Chen WY, Cannon CH, Raes N, Slik JWF. Major declines of woody plant species ranges under climate change in Yunnan, China. DIVERS DISTRIB 2013. [DOI: 10.1111/ddi.12165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Gang Zhang
- Plant Geography Lab; Center for Integrated Conservation; Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Menglun Yunnan 666303 China
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change; Institute of Botany; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100093 China
- Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; 19 Yuquan Road Beijing China
| | - Zhe-Kun Zhou
- Plant Geography Lab; Center for Integrated Conservation; Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Menglun Yunnan 666303 China
- Key Laboratory of Biogeography and Biodiversity; Kunming Institute of Botany; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Kunming Yunnan 650204 China
| | - Wen-Yun Chen
- Key Laboratory of Biogeography and Biodiversity; Kunming Institute of Botany; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Kunming Yunnan 650204 China
| | - Charles H. Cannon
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology; Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Menglun Yunnan 666303 China
- Department of Biological Sciences; Texas Tech University; Lubbock TX 79409 USA
| | - Niels Raes
- Naturalis Biodiversity Center; Section Botany; Leiden 2333 CR The Netherlands
| | - J. W. Ferry Slik
- Plant Geography Lab; Center for Integrated Conservation; Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Menglun Yunnan 666303 China
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Xia K, Daws MI, Stuppy W, Zhou ZK, Pritchard HW. Rates of water loss and uptake in recalcitrant fruits of Quercus species are determined by pericarp anatomy. PLoS One 2012; 7:e47368. [PMID: 23071795 PMCID: PMC3469494 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0047368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2012] [Accepted: 09/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Desiccation-sensitive recalcitrant seeds and fruits are killed by the loss of even moderate quantities of water. Consequently, minimizing the rate of water loss may be an important ecological factor and evolutionary driver by reducing the risk of mortality during post-dispersal dry-spells. For recalcitrant fruits of a range of Quercus species, prolonged drying times have been observed previously. However, the underlying mechanism(s) for this variation is unknown. Using nine Quercus species we investigated the major route(s) of water flow into and out of the fruits and analysed the relative importance of the different pericarp components and their anatomy on water uptake/loss. During imbibition (rehydration), the surface area of the cupule scar and the frequency and area of the vascular bundles contained therein were significantly correlated with the rates of water uptake across the scar. The vascular bundles serving the apex of the fruit were a minor contributor to overall water. Further, the rate of water uptake across the remainder of the pericarp surface was significantly correlated with the thickness of the vascularised inner layer in the pericarp. Fruits of Q. franchetii and Q. schottkyana dried most slowly and had a comparatively small scar surface area with few vascular bundles per unit area. These species inhabit drier regions than the other species studied, suggesting these anatomical features may have ecological value by reducing the risk of desiccation stress. However, this remains to be tested in the field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ke Xia
- Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Biogeography, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
- Germplasm Bank of Wild Species, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Matthew I. Daws
- Alcoa of Australia Ltd, Pinjarra, Western Australia, Australia
- Seed Conservation Department, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, United Kingdom
| | - Wolfgang Stuppy
- Seed Conservation Department, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, United Kingdom
| | - Zhe-Kun Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Biogeography, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
- Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, Yunnan, China
| | - Hugh W. Pritchard
- Germplasm Bank of Wild Species, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
- Seed Conservation Department, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Yao YF, Pei FX, Li XB, Yang J, Shen B, Zhou ZK, Li L, Kang PD. Preventive effects of supplemental selenium and selenium plus iodine on bone and cartilage development in rats fed with diet from Kashin-Beck disease endemic area. Biol Trace Elem Res 2012; 146:199-206. [PMID: 22038268 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-011-9232-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2011] [Accepted: 10/05/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of supplemental selenium and selenium plus iodine on bone and growth plate cartilage histology and serum biochemistic parameters in rats. Ninety-six Wistar rats were randomly divided into the following four groups: group A, the rats fed with normal diet; group B, fed with diet from Kashin-Beck disease (KBD) endemic area; group C, fed with diet from KBD endemic area supplemented with selenium; and group D, fed with diet from KBD endemic area supplemented with selenium and iodine. After 4, 8, and 12 weeks, bone and cartilage samples were collected from the rats and were examined for morphological changes in the tibial growth zone and for changes in the plate cartilage and metaphysic. Compared to the rats fed with diet from the KBD endemic area, the rats fed with the supplemental selenium or selenium plus iodine exhibited diminished necrosis of the chondrocytes in the growth plate. In the groups of rats receiving supplemental selenium and selenium plus iodine, the bone volume/tissue volume ratio (BV/TV), the trabecular thickness (Tb.Th), and the trabecular number were increased, while the trabecular separation was decreased. In the 12th week of the experiment, BV/TV and Tb.Th were significantly increased in the selenium plus iodine group compared to the selenium group. It is concluded that feeding the diet from the KBD endemic area caused necrosis of chondrocytes and dysfunctions of bone development similar to the pathological changes that are seen in KBD. Selenium and iodine protected chondrocytes in growth plate and promoted the formation of trabecular bone. The effects of selenium plus iodine on bone formation were more obvious than those of selenium alone.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y F Yao
- Department of Orthopedics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, People's Republic of China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chinese healthcare institutions have undergone constant changes in recent years. A large number of research studies conducted on work-related factors revealed that nurses in China experienced a low level of job satisfaction and a high level of turnover intention. Empowerment is one of the most important concepts in nursing and is most relevant to the study of nursing professionals' job-related outcomes. AIM The aim of this study was to test the Job Characteristics Model and the mediating role of structural empowerment on the relationships between the job characteristics and work-related outcomes among clinical nurses from central China. METHODS Three self-reported questionnaires were administered to a sample of 238 clinical nurses from two hospitals in central China. The results were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson's correlation analysis and multiple linear regressions. FINDINGS Correlations were significant between job characteristics and job-related outcomes, and the estimated model on the effect of empowerment reduced the unique contribution of job characteristics on internal work motivation (from 17.2% to 13.0%) and general job satisfaction (from 13.4% to 10.1%), and eliminated the unique contribution of job characteristics on growth satisfaction (from 18.4% to 0%). CONCLUSIONS The results supported the Job Characteristics Model in a nursing sample and empowerment mediated the impact of job characteristics on internal work motivation and general job satisfaction partially and on growth satisfaction completely.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C F Cai
- Hope School of Nursing, Wuhan University Professor, Wuhan, China
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Wang Y, Deng M, Zhang SY, Zhou ZK, Tian WX. Parasitic loranthus from Loranthaceae rather than Viscaceae potently inhibits fatty acid synthase and reduces body weight in mice. J Ethnopharmacol 2008; 118:473-478. [PMID: 18583073 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2008.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2007] [Revised: 04/15/2008] [Accepted: 05/17/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
AIM OF THE STUDY Our previous results have shown one species of parasitic loranthus (Taxillus chinensis (DC.) Dancer) exhibits potent inhibition on fatty acid synthase (FAS) that is proposed to be a potential therapeutic target for treatment of obesity. However, the medicinal parasitic loranthus come from tens of plants of two families, the Loranthaceae and the Viscaceae. This study was carried out to figure out whether these parasitic loranthus from the two families have similar inhibitory ability on FAS, and whether the parasitic loranthus with potent inhibitory ability on FAS significantly reduce body weight of animal. MATERIALS AND METHODS CD-1 mice were used to test the effects of samples on their body weight and food intake in 20 days. The reversible and irreversible inhibition on FAS was assayed to study the inhibitory ability of sixteen different medicinal plants from these two families, which were collected in nature. RESULTS The reversible inhibitory ability of the extracts from the Loranthaceae was nearly 400-fold stronger than that from the Viscaceae. The species from the genus Taxillus Tieghem showed the best effect on FAS in both reversible and irreversible inhibition. Moreover, the difference in host plants did not affect markedly on the inhibitory ability of parasitic loranthus. The medicinal herb with high inhibitory ability on FAS significantly reduced the body weight and food intake of mice by oral administration. CONCLUSIONS The medicinal herbs from the family Loranthaceae, rather than those from the family Viscaceae, should be suitable to apply as botanical sources of parasitic loranthus for weight control. The herbs from genus Taxillus Tieghem are the best.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- College of Life Science, Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, PO Box 3908, Beijing, China
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Mitsui Y, Chen ST, Zhou ZK, Peng CI, Deng YF, Setoguchi H. Phylogeny and biogeography of the genus Ainsliaea (Asteraceae) in the Sino-Japanese region based on nuclear rDNA and plastid DNA sequence data. Ann Bot 2008; 101:111-24. [PMID: 17981878 PMCID: PMC2701833 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcm267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2007] [Revised: 06/20/2007] [Accepted: 09/12/2007] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The flora of the Sino-Japanese plant region of eastern Asia is distinctively rich compared with other floristic regions in the world. However, knowledge of its floristic evolution is fairly limited. The genus Ainsliaea is endemic to and distributed throughout the Sino-Japanese region. Its interspecific phylogenetic relationships have not been resolved. The aim is to provide insight into floristic evolution in eastern Asia on the basis of a molecular phylogenetic analysis of Ainsliaea species. METHODS Cladistic analyses of the sequences of two nuclear (ITS, ETS) and one plastid (ndhF) regions were carried out individually and using the combined data from the three markers. KEY RESULTS Phylogenetic analyses of three DNA regions confirmed that Ainsliaea is composed of three major clades that correspond to species distributions. Evolution of the three lineages was estimated to have occurred around 1.1 MYA during the early Pleistocene. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that Ainsliaea species evolved allopatrically and that the descendants were isolated in the eastern (between SE China and Japan, through Taiwan and the Ryukyu Islands) and western (Yunnan Province and its surrounding areas, including the Himalayas, the temperate region of Southeast Asia, and Sichuan Province) sides of the Sino-Japanese region. The results suggest that two distinct lineages of Ainsliaea have independently evolved in environmentally heterogeneous regions within the Sino-Japanese region. These regions have maintained rich and original floras due to their diverse climates and topographies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Mitsui
- Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Yoshida Nihonmatsu-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Li K, Chen LQ, Li EC, Zhou ZK. Acute toxicity of the pesticides chlorpyrifos and atrazine to the Chinese mitten-handed crab, Eriocheir sinensis. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 2006; 77:918-24. [PMID: 17219314 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-006-1231-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2006] [Accepted: 11/16/2006] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- K Li
- School of Life Science, East China Normal University, 3663 North Zhongshan Road, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Zhou ZK, Crepet WL, Nixon KC. The earliest fossil evidence of the Hamamelidaceae: Late Cretaceous (Turonian) inflorescences and fruits of Altingioideae. Am J Bot 2001; 88:753-766. [PMID: 11353701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Fossilized pistillate inflorescences, fruits, and pollen grains from the Turonian (∼90 million years before present) of New Jersey are described as a new genus, Microaltingia, in the family Hamamelidaceae. The fossils are remarkably preserved in exceptional detail. Several morphological and anatomical characters suggest affinities with Hamamelidaceae. These include capitate inflorescences, florets with a hypanthium, two-carpellate gynoecia, perigynous flowers, tricolpate reticulate pollen, a three-layered carpel wall, scalariform perforation plates with oblique end walls, and scalariform and opposite/alternate intervascular pitting. The gross morphology of pistillate inflorescences, unisexual flowers, phyllome structure, numerous ovules per carpel, and mode of carpel dehiscence indicate affinities with subfamily Altingioideae, which includes the modern genera Liquidambar and Altingia. Cladistic analysis using a previously published morphological matrix and scoring the fossil for available characters supports the position of the fossil as a sister taxon of modern Altingioideae. Although the fossil exhibits a mosaic of characters found within modern Hamamelidaceae, it is not identical to any modern taxon. Based on cladistic analysis, the fossil appears to be a basal "altingioid" that lacks the derived pollen found in extant Altingioideae and retains the more plesiomorphic tricolpate pollen found in the rest of Hamamelidaceae. The floral characters of the fossils, including phyllomes with stomata, short and straight styles, and small perprolate pollen grains, also indicate the possibility of insect pollination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Z K Zhou
- Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650204, China; and
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Lin YZ, Liang SJ, Zhou JM, Tsou CL, Wu PQ, Zhou ZK. Comparison of inactivation and conformational changes of D-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase during thermal denaturation. Biochim Biophys Acta 1990; 1038:247-52. [PMID: 2331488 DOI: 10.1016/0167-4838(90)90212-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The inactivation of D-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (D-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate:NAD+ oxidoreductase (phosphorylating) EC 1.2.1.12) (GAPDH) during thermal denaturation has been compared to its dissociation-aggregation measured by light scattering and changes in secondary structure measured by CD in the far ultraviolet. The inactivation at 38.5 degrees C consists of two stages. The rate of the first stage is too fast to be followed by conventional methods. The extent of this fast stage inactivation increases with increasing temperature and, more markedly, with increasing pH. At this stage, the inactivation is reversible and no appreciable dissociation or change in secondary structure can be detected. The secondary structure of the enzyme is relatively heat stable, showing no appreciable change at 38.5 degrees C. At this temperature, the enzyme first dissociates within several minutes probably into dimers and with prolonged heating, it becomes irreversibly aggregated. The above results are in accord with the earlier suggestion, based on results obtained during denaturation of a number of enzymes by guanidine hydrochloride (GdnHCl) and urea, that for some enzymes the active site is situated in a region more susceptible to perturbation than the molecule as a whole (Tsou, C.-L. (1986) Trends Biochem. Sci. 11, 427).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y Z Lin
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Academia Sinica, China
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Liang SJ, Lin YZ, Zhou JM, Tsou CL, Wu PQ, Zhou ZK. Dissociation and aggregation of D-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase during denaturation by guanidine hydrochloride. Biochim Biophys Acta 1990; 1038:240-6. [PMID: 2331487 DOI: 10.1016/0167-4838(90)90211-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The inactivation of lobster muscle D-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (D-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate:NAD+ oxidoreductase (phosphorylating), EC 1.2.1.12) (GAPDH) during guanidine hydrochloride (GdnHCl) denaturation has been compared with its state of aggregation and unfolding, by light scattering and fluorescence measurements. The enzyme first dissociates at low concentrations of GdnHCl, followed by the formation of a highly aggregated state with increasing denaturant concentrations, and eventually by complete unfolding and dissociation to the monomer at concentrations of greater than 2 M GdnHCl. The aggregation and final dissociation correspond roughly with the two stages of fluorescence changes reported previously (Xie, G.-F. and Tsou, C.-L. (1987) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 911, 19-24). Rate measurements show a very rapid inactivation, the extents of which increase with increasing concentrations of GdnHCl. This initial rapid phase of inactivation which takes place before dissociation and unfolding of the molecule is in agreement with the results obtained with other enzymes, that the active site is affected before noticeable conformational changes can be detected for the enzyme molecule as a whole. A scheme for the steps leading to the final denaturation, and dissociation of the enzyme to the inactive and unfolded monomer, is proposed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S J Liang
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Academia Sinica, China
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|