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Farahat DS, Dang M, El-Fallal A, Badr N, Ma PX. Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) based smart nanofibrous scaffolds for use as on-demand delivery systems for oral and dental tissue regeneration. J Biomed Mater Res A 2024; 112:852-865. [PMID: 38192179 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.37664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
Stimuli-responsive domains capable of releasing loaded molecules, "on-demand," have garnered increasing attention due to their enhanced delivery, precision targeting, and decreased adverse effects. The development of an on-demand delivery system that can be easily triggered by dental clinicians might have major roles in dental and oral tissue engineering. A series of random graft poly(NIPAm-co-HEMA-Lactate) copolymers were synthesized using 95:5, 85:5, 60:40, and 40:60 ratios of thermosensitive NIPAm and HEMA-poly lactate respectively then electrospun to produce nanofibrous scaffolds loaded with bovine serum albumin (BSA). Cumulative BSA release was assessed at 25C and 37°C. To appraise the use of scaffolds as on-demand delivery systems, they were subjected to thermal changes in the form cooling and warming cycles during which BSA release was monitored. To confirm the triggered releasing ability of the synthesized scaffolds, the copolymer made with 60% NIPAm was selected, based on the results of the release tests, and loaded with bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2). The loaded scaffolds were placed with mesenchymal-like stem cells (iMSCs) derived from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), and subjected to temperature alterations. Then, the osteogenic differentiation of iMSCs, which might have resulted from the released protein, was evaluated after 10 days by analyzing runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX-2) osteogenic gene expression by the cells using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). BSA release profiles showed a burst release at the beginning followed by a more linear pattern at 25°C, and a much slower release at 37°C. The release also decreased when the PNIPAm content decreased in the scaffolds. Thermal triggering led to a step-like release pattern in which the highest release was reported 30 min through the warming cycles. The iMSCs cultivated with scaffolds loaded with BMP-2 and exposed to temperature alteration showed significantly higher RUNX-2 gene expression than cells in the other experimental groups. The synthesized scaffolds are thermo-responsive and could be triggered to deliver biological biomolecules to be used in oral and dental tissue engineering. Thermal stimuli could be simulated by dental clinicians using simple means of cold therapy, for example, cold packs in intraoral accessible sites for specified times.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dina S Farahat
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences and Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Ming Dang
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences and Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Abeer El-Fallal
- Department of Dental Biomaterials, Faculty of Dentistry, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
- Department of Dental Biomaterials, Faculty of Oral and Dental Medicine, Delta University for Science and Technology, Dakahlia, Egypt
| | - Nadia Badr
- Department of Dental Biomaterials, Faculty of Dentistry, October 6 University, Cairo, Egypt
- Department of Dental Biomaterials, Faculty of Oral and Dental Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Peter X Ma
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences and Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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Boulard P, Azzopardi N, Levard R, Cornec JM, Lamamy J, Prieur B, Demattei MV, Watier H, Gatault P, Gouilleux-Gruart V. Albumin influences leucocyte FcRn expression in the early days of kidney transplantation. Clin Exp Immunol 2024; 216:307-317. [PMID: 38353127 PMCID: PMC11097912 DOI: 10.1093/cei/uxae011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
FcRn, a receptor originally known for its involvement in IgG and albumin transcytosis and recycling, is also important in the establishment of the innate and adaptive immune response. Dysregulation of the immune response has been associated with variations in FcRn expression, as observed in cancer. Recently, a link between autophagy and FcRn expression has been demonstrated. Knowing that autophagy is strongly involved in the development of reperfusion injury in kidney transplantation and that albuminemia is transiently decreased in the first 2 weeks after transplantation, we investigated variations in FcRn expression after kidney transplantation. We monitored FcRn levels by flow cytometry in leukocytes from 25 renal transplant patients and considered parameters such as albumin concentrations, estimated glomerular filtration rate, serum creatinine, serum IgG levels, and ischaemia/reperfusion time. Two groups of patients could be distinguished according to their increased or non-increased FcRn expression levels between days 2 and 6 (d2-d6) post-transplantation. Leukocyte FcRn expression at d2-d6 was correlated with albumin concentrations at d0-d2. These results suggest that albumin concentrations at d0-d2 influence FcRn expression at d2-d6, raising new questions about the mechanisms underlying these original observations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Boulard
- Centre d’Étude des Pathologies Respiratoires (CEPR) U1100 INSERM, Tours, France
- Laboratoire d’immunologie, CHU de Tours, Tours,France
| | | | - Romain Levard
- Laboratoire d’immunologie, CHU de Tours, Tours,France
| | | | - Juliette Lamamy
- EA7501 GICC, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Tours, Tours,France
| | | | | | - Hervé Watier
- Laboratoire d’immunologie, CHU de Tours, Tours,France
- EA7501 GICC, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Tours, Tours,France
| | - Philippe Gatault
- EA4245 T2I, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Tours, Tours,France
- Service de Néphrologie, CHU de Tours, Tours,France
| | - Valérie Gouilleux-Gruart
- Laboratoire d’immunologie, CHU de Tours, Tours,France
- EA7501 GICC, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Tours, Tours,France
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Sahimin N, Low ZX, Hassandarvish P, Mohd Hanapi IR, Mohd Zain SN, Yahaya H, Abu Bakar S. Seroprevalence of dengue and chikungunya viruses among urban refugees in Klang Valley, Malaysia. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 2024; 118:328-335. [PMID: 38226501 DOI: 10.1093/trstmh/trad097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mosquito-borne diseases pose a significant global public health threat, with Malaysia's Klang Valley experiencing numerous outbreaks in densely populated urban areas. METHODS This study aimed to estimate the seroprevalence of anti-dengue and anti-chikungunya antibodies among urban refugees in the Klang Valley, Malaysia, and identify associated risk factors. RESULTS High seroprevalence of anti-dengue immunoglobulin G (IgG) and IgM (60.0% [confidence interval {CI} 55.39 to 64.48] and 9.2% [CI 6.77 to 12.25], respectively) were observed among refugees >18 years of age (χ22=11.720, p=0.003), Kachin ethnicity (χ28=72.253, p<0.001), without formal education (χ21=3.856, p=0.050), homes near waste disposal sites (χ21=10.378, p=0.001) and refugees who have experienced flooding (χ21=5.460, p=0.019). Meanwhile, the overall seroprevalence of anti-chikungunya IgG and IgM was 9.7% (CI 7.15 to 12.73) and 10.8% (CI 8.09 to 13.93), respectively, with ages 12-18 years (χ22=6.075, p=0.048), Rohingya ethnicity (χ28=31.631, p<0.001) and homes close to waste disposal sites (χ21=3.912, p=0.048) being significant risk factors. Results showed a link to poor environmental living conditions, with an increase in the vector population with higher availability of breeding sites and thus exposure to dengue and chikungunya virus. CONCLUSIONS Health education among the community is the key to disease prevention, as there are no specific antiviral drugs for treatment and limited vaccine availability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norhidayu Sahimin
- Tropical Infectious Diseases Research and Education Centre (TIDREC), Universiti Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Zhao Xuan Low
- Tropical Infectious Diseases Research and Education Centre (TIDREC), Universiti Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Pouya Hassandarvish
- Tropical Infectious Diseases Research and Education Centre (TIDREC), Universiti Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Izzah Ruzana Mohd Hanapi
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Siti Nursheena Mohd Zain
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Hasmawati Yahaya
- Tropical Infectious Diseases Research and Education Centre (TIDREC), Universiti Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Sazaly Abu Bakar
- Tropical Infectious Diseases Research and Education Centre (TIDREC), Universiti Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Abdelkarem FM, Assaf HK, Mostafa YA, Mahdy A, Hussein MF, Ross SA, Mohamed NM. Antiviral activity of sulphated specialized metabolites from sea urchin Clypeaster humilis: in vitro and in silico studies. RSC Adv 2024; 14:14185-14193. [PMID: 38690113 PMCID: PMC11058476 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra01966k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Chemical investigations of the sea urchin Clypeaster humilis has led to separation of twelve compounds including one new sulfonic acid derivative (7R) tridec-1-en-7-yl hydrogen sulphate (1), first isolated from natural source, pyridine-3-yl methane sulfonate (2), and first isolated from marine organisms, boldine (12), in addition to nine known compounds (3-11), which were isolated for the first time from the genus Clypeaster. Their structures were elucidated based on spectroscopic analyses (1D and 2D NMR), HR-ESI-MS as well as comparison with the previously reported data. The antiviral activity of the crude extract and sulphated compounds were evaluated using MTT colorimetric assay against Coxsackie B4 virus. The crude extract and compound 1 showed very potent antiviral activity with a percentage of inhibition equal to 89.7 ± 0.53% and 86.1 ± 0.92%, respectively. Results of the molecular docking analysis of the isolated compounds within Coxsackie Virus B4 (COX-B4) X-ray crystal structure and quantum chemical calculation for three sulphated compounds are in a consistent adaptation with the in vitro antiviral results. The pharmacokinetic properties (ADME) of isolated compounds were determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahd M Abdelkarem
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University Assiut 71524 Egypt
| | - Hamdy K Assaf
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University Assiut 71524 Egypt
| | - Yaser A Mostafa
- Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University Assiut 71526 Egypt
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Badr University Assiut 77771 Egypt
| | - Aldoushy Mahdy
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University Assiut 71524 Egypt
| | - Modather F Hussein
- Chemistry Department, Collage of Science, Jouf University P.O. Box 2014 Sakaka 72388 Saudi Arabia
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University Asyut Branch Assiut 71524 Egypt
| | - Samir A Ross
- National Center for Natural Products Research, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi Mississippi 38677 USA
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, Division of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi Mississippi 38677 USA
| | - Nesma M Mohamed
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University Assiut 71526 Egypt
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Badr University Assiut 77771 Egypt
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Al-Hinai TZS, Mackay CL, Fry SC. Fruit softening: evidence for rhamnogalacturonan lyase action in vivo in ripe fruit cell walls. Ann Bot 2024; 133:547-558. [PMID: 38180460 PMCID: PMC11037484 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcad197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The softening of ripening fruit involves partial depolymerization of cell-wall pectin by three types of reaction: enzymic hydrolysis, enzymic elimination (lyase-catalysed) and non-enzymic oxidative scission. Two known lyase activities are pectate lyase and rhamnogalacturonan lyase (RGL), potentially causing mid-chain cleavage of homogalacturonan and rhamnogalacturonan-I (RG-I) domains of pectin respectively. However, the important biological question of whether RGL exhibits action in vivo had not been tested. METHODS We developed a method for specifically and sensitively detecting in-vivo RGL products, based on Driselase digestion of cell walls and detection of a characteristic unsaturated 'fingerprint' product (tetrasaccharide) of RGL action. KEY RESULTS In model experiments, potato RG-I that had been partially cleaved in vitro by commercial RGL was digested by Driselase, releasing an unsaturated tetrasaccharide ('ΔUA-Rha-GalA-Rha'), taken as diagnostic of RGL action. This highly acidic fingerprint compound was separated from monosaccharides (galacturonate, galactose, rhamnose, etc.) by electrophoresis at pH 2, then separated from ΔUA-GalA (the fingerprint of pectate lyase action) by thin-layer chromatography. The 'ΔUA-Rha-GalA-Rha' was confirmed as 4-deoxy-β-l-threo-hex-4-enopyranuronosyl-(1→2)-l-rhamnosyl-(1→4)-d-galacturonosyl-(1→2)-l-rhamnose by mass spectrometry and acid hydrolysis. Driselase digestion of cell walls from diverse ripe fruits [date, sea buckthorn, cranberry, yew (arils), mango, plum, blackberry, apple, pear and strawberry] yielded the same fingerprint compound, demonstrating that RGL had been acting in vivo in these fruits prior to harvest. The 'fingerprint' : (galacturonate + rhamnose) ratio in digests from ripe dates was approximately 1 : 72 (mol/mol), indicating that ~1.4 % of the backbone Rha→GalA bonds in endogenous RG-I had been cleaved by in-vivo RGL action. CONCLUSIONS The results provide the first demonstration that RGL, previously known from studies of fruit gene expression, proteomic studies and in-vitro enzyme activity, exhibits enzyme action in the walls of soft fruits and may thus be proposed to contribute to fruit softening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thurayya Z S Al-Hinai
- The Edinburgh Cell Wall Group, Institute of Molecular Plant Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Daniel Rutherford Building, The King’s Buildings, Max Born Crescent, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, UK
| | - C Logan Mackay
- EastCHEM School of Chemistry, The University of Edinburgh, The King’s Buildings, Edinburgh EH9 3FJ, UK
| | - Stephen C Fry
- The Edinburgh Cell Wall Group, Institute of Molecular Plant Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Daniel Rutherford Building, The King’s Buildings, Max Born Crescent, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, UK
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Wong SK. Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3 Beta (GSK3β) as a Potential Drug Target in Regulating Osteoclastogenesis: An Updated Review on Current Evidence. Biomolecules 2024; 14:502. [PMID: 38672518 PMCID: PMC11047881 DOI: 10.3390/biom14040502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Glycogen synthase kinase 3-beta (GSK3β) is a highly conserved protein kinase originally involved in glucose metabolism, insulin activity, and energy homeostasis. Recent scientific evidence demonstrated the significant role of GSK3β in regulating bone remodelling through involvement in multiple signalling networks. Specifically, the inhibition of GSK3β enhances the conversion of osteoclast progenitors into mature osteoclasts. GSK3β is recognised as a pivotal regulator for the receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa B (RANK)/receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa B ligand (RANKL)/osteoprotegerin (OPG), phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT), nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB), nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2)/Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (KEAP1), canonical Wnt/beta (β)-catenin, and protein kinase C (PKC) signalling pathways during osteoclastogenesis. Conversely, the inhibition of GSK3β has been shown to prevent bone loss in animal models with complex physiology, suggesting that the role of GSK3β may be more significant in bone formation than bone resorption. Divergent findings have been reported regarding the efficacy of GSK3β inhibitors as bone-protecting agents. Some studies demonstrated that GSK3β inhibitors reduced osteoclast formation, while one study indicated an increase in osteoclast formation in RANKL-stimulated bone marrow macrophages (BMMs). Given the discrepancies observed in the accumulated evidence, further research is warranted, particularly regarding the use of GSK3β silencing or overexpression models. Such efforts will provide valuable insights into the direct impact of GSK3β on osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sok Kuan Wong
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
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Ismail UN, Azlan CA, Khairullah S, Azman RR, Omar NF, Md Shah MN, Jackson N, Ng KH. Marrow Fat-Cortical Bone Relationship in β-Thalassemia: A Study Using MRI. J Magn Reson Imaging 2024. [PMID: 38556790 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.29366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Growing evidence suggests that marrow adipocytes play an active role in the regulation of bone metabolism and hematopoiesis. However, research on the relationship between bone and fat in the context of hematological diseases, particularly β-thalassemia, remains limited. PURPOSE To investigate the relationship between marrow fat and cortical bone thickness in β-thalassemia and to identify key determinants influencing these variables. STUDY TYPE Prospective. SUBJECTS Thirty-five subjects in four subject groups of increasing disease severity: 6 healthy control (25.0 ± 5.3 years, 2 male), 4 β-thalassemia minor, 13 intermedia, and 12 major (29.1 ± 6.4 years, 15 male). FIELD STRENGTH/SEQUENCE 3.0 T, 3D fast low angle shot sequence and T1-weighted turbo spin echo. ASSESSMENT Analyses on proton density fat fraction (PDFF) and R2* values in femur subregions (femoral head, greater trochanter, intertrochanteric, diaphysis, distal) and cortical thickness (CBI) of the subjects' left femur. Clinical data such as age, sex, body mass index (BMI), and disease severity were also included. STATISTICAL TESTS One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), mixed ANOVA, Pearson correlation and multiple regression. P-values <0.05 were considered significant. RESULTS Bone marrow PDFF significantly varied between the femur subregions, F(2.89,89.63) = 44.185 and disease severity, F(1,3) = 12.357. A significant interaction between subject groups and femur subregions on bone marrow PDFF was observed, F(8.67,89.63) = 3.723. Notably, a moderate positive correlation was observed between PDFF and CBI (r = 0.33-0.45). Multiple regression models for both PDFF (R2 = 0.476, F(13,151) = 10.547) and CBI (R2 = 0.477, F(13,151) = 10.580) were significant. Significant predictors for PDFF were disease severity (βTMi = 0.36, βTMa = 0.17), CBI (β = 0.24), R2* (β = -0.32), and height (β = -0.29) while for CBI, the significant determinants were sex (β = -0.27), BMI (β = 0.55), disease severity (βTMi = 2.15), and PDFF (β = 0.25). DATA CONCLUSION This study revealed a positive correlation between bone marrow fat fraction and cortical bone thickness in β-thalassemia with varying disease severity, potentially indicating a complex interplay between bone health and marrow composition. EVIDENCE LEVEL 2 TECHNICAL EFFICACY: Stage 3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umi Nabilah Ismail
- Makmal Pemprosesan Imej Kefungsian (Functional Image Processing Laboratory), Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Malaysia
| | - Che Ahmad Azlan
- Department of Biomedical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Shasha Khairullah
- Haematology Unit, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Raja Rizal Azman
- Department of Biomedical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nur Farhayu Omar
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Mohammad Nazri Md Shah
- Department of Biomedical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nicholas Jackson
- Red Cell Unit, Department of Haematology, University College London Hospital, London, UK
| | - Kwan Hoong Ng
- Department of Biomedical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Bala GA, Bery AA, Gnapragasan J, Akingboye AS. Development of novel resistivity-chargeability statistical relationships for subsurface characterization at Langkawi, Kedah. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2024:10.1007/s11356-024-32867-0. [PMID: 38532213 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-32867-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
The significance of resistivity-chargeability relationships has been acknowledged and applied in various geologic terrains and different environmental conditions. However, there remains an underexplored opportunity to fully utilize these methods in complex geological terrains with a mixture of granitic and sedimentary rocks where empirical relationships have not been established. Such discoveries are crucial for accurately delineating petrophysical and geomechanical properties, which are essential in addressing urgent environmental concerns like landslides, foundation collapse, groundwater shortages, and pollution. To address this research gap, a novel approach was employed: resistivity-chargeability data with simple linear regression modeling. The study focused on developing resistivity-chargeability relationships specifically tailored for tropical granitic environments, using a typical example from Kedah Langkawi, Malaysia. The regions are characterized by complex geological features, ruggedness, and irregular progressive weathering and fracturing of subsurface strata, making the task challenging. Despite these complexities, the study successfully derived an efficient resistivity-chargeability empirical relation that correlates resistivity and chargeability. The derived empirical relationship exhibited high accuracy, surpassing 87%, in predicting chargeability from resistivity datasets or vice versa. This achievement holds great promise in promptly and accurately addressing environmental issues specific to the target region under study. By utilizing this novel resistivity-chargeability relationship, geoscientists, engineers, and environmental practitioners can make informed decisions and effectively manage environmental challenges in these regions, especially during the pre-development stage.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Adedibu Sunny Akingboye
- Helmholt-Centre Potsdam - GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, Telegrafenberg, 14473, Potsdam, Germany
- Department of Earth Sciences, Adekunle Ajasin University, 001, Akungba-Akoko, Ondo State, Nigeria
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Salaish Kumar S, Mhd Jalil AM, Hussin N, Mat Daud Z'A, Ismail A. Effects of flavanols and procyanidins-rich cocoa consumption on metabolic syndrome: an update review (2013-2023). Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2024; 88:352-360. [PMID: 38285609 DOI: 10.1093/bbb/zbae011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
Studies indicated that cocoa-based products effectively mitigate the risks associated with metabolic syndrome (MetS), however, the effect varies based on cocoa types, dosages, and study durations. This review aimed to determine the flavanol-rich cocoa consumption on MetS outcomes within the last decade (2013-2023), adhering to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Seven randomized-controlled trials (RCTs) used cocoa-based products containing 0.3-1680 mg flavanol monomers and 3.5-1270 mg procyanidins. Cocoa-based products beneficially reduced glycemic response, blood pressure and lipid profiles. However, this review highlights little evidence pinpointing the best cocoa products type and required dosage for the observed effects. Further intervention aiming to improve MetS should justify the selection and concentration of flavanols (monomers and procyanidins). A robust study design should consider registering the trials before study commencement, consider multicenter RCT trials, and adjust for potential covariates that might "masked" the outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharvintha Salaish Kumar
- School of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Kuala Nerus, Malaysia
| | - Abbe Maleyki Mhd Jalil
- School of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Kuala Nerus, Malaysia
| | - Napisah Hussin
- School of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Kuala Nerus, Malaysia
| | - Zulfitri 'Azuan Mat Daud
- Department of Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Amin Ismail
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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Kadi M, Berraouaan A, Driouech M, Ziyyat A, Mekhfi H, Bnouham M, Legssyer A. Computational Evaluation of Bioactive Compounds from Dysphania ambrosioides Leaves. Chem Biodivers 2024; 21:e202301527. [PMID: 38253787 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202301527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Dysphania ambrosioides has been reported to have many medicinal properties, due to its possession of a multitude of biologically active molecules contained in its leaves. However, very few studies have been reported to evaluate their pharmacological properties. Consequently, in the present study, many computational tools have been performed to predict drug similarity and ADMET properties. Besides, the inhibitory potential of D.ambrosioides major compounds against Bacterial, Fungal and cardiovascular main receptor targets has been investigated. This study suggests that Carvone oxide, 5-Isopropenyl-2-Methylenecyclohexanol, and Caryophyllene oxide were the most active molecules belonging to D. ambrosioides Leaves, possessing drug-likeness with satisfactory bioactivity scores, having good pharmacokinetic values. Metabolism and toxicities were further studied using FAME3, GLORY, and pred-hERG. Slight cardiotoxicity and cytotoxicity were predicted, respectively, for Caryophyllene oxide and Carvone oxide, 5-Isopropenyl-2-Methylenecyclohexanol. Good inhibitory activities of the three compounds against Bacterial, Fungal, and Cardiovascular receptor targets. Hence, this is a comprehensive in silico approach to evaluate D.ambrosioides Leaves main phytocompounds in the background of its potential in future drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mounime Kadi
- Laboratory of Bioresources, Biotechnology, Ethnopharmacology and Health, Biology Department, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed First University, 60000, Oujda, MOROCCO
| | - Ali Berraouaan
- Laboratory of Bioresources, Biotechnology, Ethnopharmacology and Health, Biology Department, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed First University, 60000, Oujda, MOROCCO
| | - Mounia Driouech
- Laboratory of Bioresources, Biotechnology, Ethnopharmacology and Health, Biology Department, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed First University, 60000, Oujda, MOROCCO
| | - Abderrahim Ziyyat
- Laboratory of Bioresources, Biotechnology, Ethnopharmacology and Health, Biology Department, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed First University, 60000, Oujda, MOROCCO
| | - Hassan Mekhfi
- Laboratory of Bioresources, Biotechnology, Ethnopharmacology and Health, Biology Department, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed First University, 60000, Oujda, MOROCCO
| | - Mohamed Bnouham
- Laboratory of Bioresources, Biotechnology, Ethnopharmacology and Health, Biology Department, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed First University, 60000, Oujda, MOROCCO
| | - Abdelkhaleq Legssyer
- Laboratory of Bioresources, Biotechnology, Ethnopharmacology and Health, Biology Department, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed First University, 60000, Oujda, MOROCCO
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11
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Gunter NV, Teh SS, Jantan I, Law KP, Morita H, Mah SH. Natural xanthones as modulators of the Nrf2/ARE signaling pathway and potential gastroprotective agents. Phytother Res 2024. [PMID: 38372084 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.8160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is implicated in the initiation, pathogenesis, and progression of various gastric inflammatory diseases (GID). The prevalence of these diseases remains a concern along with the increasing risks of adverse effects in current clinical interventions. Hence, new gastroprotective agents capable of inhibiting oxidative stress by modulating cellular defense systems such as the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)/antioxidant response element (ARE) signaling pathway are critically needed to address these issues. A candidate to solve the present issue is xanthone, a natural compound that reportedly exerts gastroprotective effects via antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and cytoprotective mechanisms. Moreover, xanthone derivatives were shown to modulate the Nrf2/ARE signaling pathway to counter oxidative stress in both in vitro and in vivo models. Thirteen natural xanthones have demonstrated the ability to modulate the Nrf2/ARE signaling pathway and have high potential as lead compounds for GID as indicated by their in vivo gastroprotective action-particularly mangiferin (2), α-mangostin (3), and γ-mangostin (4). Further studies on these compounds are recommended to validate the Nrf2 modulatory ability in relation to their gastroprotective action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Vivien Gunter
- School of Biosciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, Subang Jaya, Malaysia
| | - Soek Sin Teh
- Energy and Environment Unit, Engineering and Processing Division, Malaysian Palm Oil Board, Kajang, Malaysia
| | - Ibrahim Jantan
- Institute of Systems Biology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Malaysia
| | - Kung Pui Law
- School of Pre-University Studies, Taylor's College, Subang Jaya, Malaysia
| | - Hiroyuki Morita
- Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Siau Hui Mah
- School of Biosciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, Subang Jaya, Malaysia
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12
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Khamis N, Zheng Y, Diamantakis MN, Clarkson GJ, Liu J, Wills M. Regio- and Enantioselective Asymmetric Transfer Hydrogenation of One Carbonyl Group in a Diketone through Steric Hindrance. J Org Chem 2024; 89:2759-2763. [PMID: 38308650 PMCID: PMC10877611 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c01950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
On the basis of steric hindrance, one carbonyl group in a diketone can be reduced in a regioselective manner, with high enantioselectivity. The methodology can be extended to ketones with varied length of hydrocarbon chain spacing, and the products can be converted by oxidation to hydroxy esters or lactones without loss of enantiopurity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noha Khamis
- Department
of Chemistry, The University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K.
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University
of Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Ye Zheng
- Department
of Chemistry, The University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K.
| | | | - Guy J. Clarkson
- Department
of Chemistry, The University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K.
| | - Jie Liu
- Department
of Physics, The University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K.
| | - Martin Wills
- Department
of Chemistry, The University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K.
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13
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Tan WN, Samling BA, Tong WY, Chear NJY, Yusof SR, Lim JW, Tchamgoue J, Leong CR, Ramanathan S. Chitosan-Based Nanoencapsulated Essential Oils: Potential Leads against Breast Cancer Cells in Preclinical Studies. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:478. [PMID: 38399856 PMCID: PMC10891598 DOI: 10.3390/polym16040478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Since ancient times, essential oils (EOs) derived from aromatic plants have played a significant role in promoting human health. EOs are widely used in biomedical applications due to their medicinal properties. EOs and their constituents have been extensively studied for treating various health-related disorders, including cancer. Nonetheless, their biomedical applications are limited due to several drawbacks. Recent advances in nanotechnology offer the potential for utilising EO-loaded nanoparticles in the treatment of various diseases. In this aspect, chitosan (CS) appears as an exceptional encapsulating agent owing to its beneficial attributes. This review highlights the use of bioactive EOs and their constituents against breast cancer cells. Challenges associated with the use of EOs in biomedical applications are addressed. Essential information on the benefits of CS as an encapsulant, the advantages of nanoencapsulated EOs, and the cytotoxic actions of CS-based nanoencapsulated EOs against breast cancer cells is emphasised. Overall, the nanodelivery of bioactive EOs employing polymeric CS represents a promising avenue against breast cancer cells in preclinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Nee Tan
- Chemistry Section, School of Distance Education, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden 11800, Penang, Malaysia;
| | - Benedict Anak Samling
- Chemistry Section, School of Distance Education, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden 11800, Penang, Malaysia;
- Faculty of Resource Science and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, Kota Samarahan 94300, Sarawak, Malaysia
| | - Woei-Yenn Tong
- Institute of Medical Science Technology, Universiti Kuala Lumpur, Kajang 43000, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nelson Jeng-Yeou Chear
- Centre for Drug Research, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden 11800, Penang, Malaysia; (N.J.-Y.C.); (S.R.Y.); (S.R.)
| | - Siti R. Yusof
- Centre for Drug Research, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden 11800, Penang, Malaysia; (N.J.-Y.C.); (S.R.Y.); (S.R.)
| | - Jun-Wei Lim
- HICoE-Centre for Biofuel and Biochemical Research, Institute of Self-Sustainable Building, Department of Fundamental and Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Seri Iskandar 32610, Perak Darul Ridzuan, Malaysia;
- Department of Biotechnology, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai 602105, India
| | - Joseph Tchamgoue
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé P.O. Box 812, Cameroon;
| | - Chean-Ring Leong
- Branch Campus Malaysian Institute of Chemical and Bioengineering Technology, Universiti Kuala Lumpur, Alor Gajah 78000, Melaka, Malaysia;
| | - Surash Ramanathan
- Centre for Drug Research, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden 11800, Penang, Malaysia; (N.J.-Y.C.); (S.R.Y.); (S.R.)
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14
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Liu L, Bashir S, Ling GZ, Hoe LK, Liew J, Kasi R, Subramaniam RT. Enhanced Sodium Ion Batteries' Performance: Optimal Strategies on Electrolytes for Different Carbon-based Anodes. ChemSusChem 2024; 17:e202300876. [PMID: 37695539 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202300876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Carbon-based materials have emerged as promising anodes for sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) due to the merits of cost-effectiveness and renewability. However, the unsatisfactory performance has hindered the commercialization of SIBs. During the past decades, tremendous attention has been put into enhancing the electrochemical performance of carbon-based anodes from the perspective of improving the compatibility of electrolytes and electrodes. Hence, a systematic summary of strategies for optimizing electrolytes between hard carbon, graphite, and other structural carbon anodes of SIBs is provided. The formulations and properties of electrolytes with solvents, salts, and additives added are comprehensively presented, which are closely related to the formation of solid electrolyte interface (SEI) and crucial to the sodium ion storage performance. Cost analysis of commonly used electrolytes has been provided as well. This review is anticipated to provide guidance in future rational tailoring of electrolytes with carbon-based anodes for sodium-ion batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Liu
- The Centre for Ionics Universiti Malaya (CIUM), Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, S0603, Kuala, Lumpur, Malaysia
- Hubei Three Gorges Polytechnic, Yichang, 443000, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Shahid Bashir
- Higher Institution Centre of Excellence (HICoE), UM Power Energy Dedicated Advanced Centre (UMPEDAC), Level 4, Wisma R&D, Universiti Malaya, Jalan Pantai Baharu, 59990, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Goh Zhi Ling
- The Centre for Ionics Universiti Malaya (CIUM), Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, S0603, Kuala, Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Loh Kah Hoe
- Higher Institution Centre of Excellence (HICoE), UM Power Energy Dedicated Advanced Centre (UMPEDAC), Level 4, Wisma R&D, Universiti Malaya, Jalan Pantai Baharu, 59990, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Jerome Liew
- The Centre for Ionics Universiti Malaya (CIUM), Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, S0603, Kuala, Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Ramesh Kasi
- The Centre for Ionics Universiti Malaya (CIUM), Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, S0603, Kuala, Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Ramesh T Subramaniam
- The Centre for Ionics Universiti Malaya (CIUM), Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, S0603, Kuala, Lumpur, Malaysia
- Department of Chemistry, Saveetha School of Engineering, Institute of Medical and Technical Science, Saveetha University, Chennai, 602105, Tamilnadu, India
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15
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Liang G, Kow ASF, Yusof R, Tham CL, Ho YC, Lee MT. Menopause-Associated Depression: Impact of Oxidative Stress and Neuroinflammation on the Central Nervous System-A Review. Biomedicines 2024; 12:184. [PMID: 38255289 PMCID: PMC10813042 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12010184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Perimenopausal depression, occurring shortly before or after menopause, is characterized by symptoms such as emotional depression, anxiety, and stress, often accompanied by endocrine dysfunction, particularly hypogonadism and senescence. Current treatments for perimenopausal depression primarily provide symptomatic relief but often come with undesirable side effects. The development of agents targeting the specific pathologies of perimenopausal depression has been relatively slow. The erratic fluctuations in estrogen and progesterone levels during the perimenopausal stage expose women to the risk of developing perimenopausal-associated depression. These hormonal changes trigger the production of proinflammatory mediators and induce oxidative stress, leading to progressive neuronal damage. This review serves as a comprehensive overview of the underlying mechanisms contributing to perimenopausal depression. It aims to shed light on the complex relationship between perimenopausal hormones, neurotransmitters, brain-derived neurotrophic factors, chronic inflammation, oxidative stress, and perimenopausal depression. By summarizing the intricate interplay between hormonal fluctuations, neurotransmitter activity, brain-derived neurotrophic factors, chronic inflammation, oxidative stress, and perimenopausal depression, this review aims to stimulate further research in this field. The hope is that an increased understanding of these mechanisms will pave the way for the development of more effective therapeutic targets, ultimately reducing the risk of depression during the menopausal stage for the betterment of psychological wellbeing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gengfan Liang
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UCSI University, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
| | | | - Rohana Yusof
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, UCSI University, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
| | - Chau Ling Tham
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
- Natural Medicines and Products Research Laboratory (NaturMeds), Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Yu-Cheng Ho
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung City 82445, Taiwan
| | - Ming Tatt Lee
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UCSI University, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
- Centre of Research for Mental Health and Well-Being, UCSI University, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
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16
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Sale S, Subramaniam S, Mad’ Atari MF. Trends in the Tissue Culture Techniques and the Synthesis of Bioactive Compounds in Eurycoma longifolia Jack-Current Status and Future Perspectives. Plants (Basel) 2023; 13:107. [PMID: 38202415 PMCID: PMC10780575 DOI: 10.3390/plants13010107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Over the last two decades, there has been a concerted effort by researchers to mass propagate Eurycoma longifolia and improve the yield of its very important and sought-after anti-cancer and aphrodisiac bioactive compounds. To achieve this, various techniques have been used to mass propagate and improve the yield of these bioactive compounds in tissue cultures. These techniques include the optimization of media conditions and application of various types and combinations of plant growth regulators (PGRs). In addition, some elicitation techniques have been used to improve the synthesis of these bioactive compounds. However, in comparison with other herbal species with similar economic importance, many techniques have not been applied to E. longifolia. Adopting the most recent methodologies would ensure efficiency and sustainability in the in vitro production of bioactive compounds in E. longifolia. Therefore, in this review, we present an up-to-date record on the success stories in the tissue culture techniques and synthesis of bioactive compounds. In addition, we attempted to identify some of the missing links on the road to the effective and sustainable biotechnological utilization of this super important biological resource.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sani Sale
- School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM), Georgetown 11800, Penang, Malaysia
- Department of Botany, Gombe State University, P.M.B 127, Gombe 760214, Nigeria
| | - Sreeramanan Subramaniam
- School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM), Georgetown 11800, Penang, Malaysia
- Centre for Chemical Biology (CCB), Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM), Bayan Lepas 11900, Penang, Malaysia
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia
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17
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Reza T, Mohamad Riza ZH, Sheikh Abdullah SR, Abu Hasan H, Ismail N‘I, Othman AR. Microplastic Removal in Wastewater Treatment Plants (WWTPs) by Natural Coagulation: A Literature Review. Toxics 2023; 12:12. [PMID: 38250968 PMCID: PMC10819662 DOI: 10.3390/toxics12010012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Urban industrialization has caused a ubiquity of microplastics in the environment. A large percentage of plastic waste originated from Southeast Asian countries. Microplastics arising from the primary sources of personal care items and industrial uses and the fragmentation of larger plastics have recently garnered attention due to their ubiquity. Due to the rising level of plastic waste in the environment, the bioaccumulation and biomagnification of plastics threaten aquatic and human life. Wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) effluents are one of the major sources of these plastic fragments. WWTPs in Southeast Asia contribute largely to microplastic pollution in the marine environment, and thus, further technological improvements are required to ensure the complete and efficient removal of microplastics. Coagulation is a significant process in removing microplastics, and natural coagulants are far superior to their chemical equivalents due to their non-toxicity and cost-effectiveness. A focused literature search was conducted on journal repository platforms, mainly ScienceDirect and Elsevier, and on scientific databases such as Google Scholar using the keywords Wastewater Treatment Plant, Coagulation, Microplastics, Marine Environment and Southeast Asia. The contents and results of numerous papers and research articles were reviewed, and the relevant papers were selected. The relevant findings and research data are summarized in this paper. The paper reviews (1) natural coagulants for microplastic removal and their effectiveness in removing microplastics and (2) the potential use of natural coagulants in Southeast Asian wastewater treatment plants as the abundance of natural materials readily available in the region makes it a feasible option for microplastic removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taskeen Reza
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan, Bandar Baru Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia; (T.R.); (Z.H.M.R.); (S.R.S.A.); (H.A.H.); (N.‘I.I.)
| | - Zahratul Huda Mohamad Riza
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan, Bandar Baru Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia; (T.R.); (Z.H.M.R.); (S.R.S.A.); (H.A.H.); (N.‘I.I.)
| | - Siti Rozaimah Sheikh Abdullah
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan, Bandar Baru Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia; (T.R.); (Z.H.M.R.); (S.R.S.A.); (H.A.H.); (N.‘I.I.)
| | - Hassimi Abu Hasan
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan, Bandar Baru Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia; (T.R.); (Z.H.M.R.); (S.R.S.A.); (H.A.H.); (N.‘I.I.)
- Research Centre for Sustainable Process Technology, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan, Bandar Baru Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nur ‘Izzati Ismail
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan, Bandar Baru Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia; (T.R.); (Z.H.M.R.); (S.R.S.A.); (H.A.H.); (N.‘I.I.)
| | - Ahmad Razi Othman
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan, Bandar Baru Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia; (T.R.); (Z.H.M.R.); (S.R.S.A.); (H.A.H.); (N.‘I.I.)
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18
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Abdelhady R, Senthong P, Eyers CE, Reamtong O, Cowley E, Cannizzaro L, Stimpson J, Cain K, Wilkinson OJ, Williams NH, Barran PE, Margison GP, Williams DM, Povey AC. Mass Spectrometric Analysis of the Active Site Tryptic Peptide of Recombinant O6-Methylguanine-DNA Methyltransferase Following Incubation with Human Colorectal DNA Reveals the Presence of an O6-Alkylguanine Adductome. Chem Res Toxicol 2023; 36:1921-1929. [PMID: 37983188 PMCID: PMC10731659 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.3c00207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Human exposure to DNA alkylating agents is poorly characterized, partly because only a limited range of specific alkyl DNA adducts have been quantified. The human DNA repair protein, O6-methylguanine O6-methyltransferase (MGMT), irreversibly transfers the alkyl group from DNA O6-alkylguanines (O6-alkGs) to an acceptor cysteine, allowing the simultaneous detection of multiple O6-alkG modifications in DNA by mass spectrometric analysis of the MGMT active site peptide (ASP). Recombinant MGMT was incubated with oligodeoxyribonucleotides (ODNs) containing different O6-alkGs, Temozolomide-methylated calf thymus DNA (Me-CT-DNA), or human colorectal DNA of known O6-MethylG (O6-MeG) levels. It was digested with trypsin, and ASPs were detected and quantified by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time-of-flight mass spectrometry. ASPs containing S-methyl, S-ethyl, S-propyl, S-hydroxyethyl, S-carboxymethyl, S-benzyl, and S-pyridyloxobutyl cysteine groups were detected by incubating MGMT with ODNs containing the corresponding O6-alkGs. The LOQ of ASPs containing S-methylcysteine detected after MGMT incubation with Me-CT-DNA was <0.05 pmol O6-MeG per mg CT-DNA. Incubation of MGMT with human colorectal DNA produced ASPs containing S-methylcysteine at levels that correlated with those of O6-MeG determined previously by HPLC-radioimmunoassay (r2 = 0.74; p = 0.014). O6-CMG, a putative O6-hydroxyethylG adduct, and other potential unidentified MGMT substrates were also detected in human DNA samples. This novel approach to the identification and quantitation of O6-alkGs in human DNA has revealed the existence of a human DNA alkyl adductome that remains to be fully characterized. The methodology establishes a platform for characterizing the human DNA O6-alkG adductome and, given the mutagenic potential of O6-alkGs, can provide mechanistic information about cancer pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasha Abdelhady
- Epidemiology
and Public Health Group, Division of Population Health, Health Services
Research and Primary Care, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology,
Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K.
| | - Pattama Senthong
- Epidemiology
and Public Health Group, Division of Population Health, Health Services
Research and Primary Care, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology,
Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K.
| | - Claire E. Eyers
- Department
of Chemistry and Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester, Manchester M1 7DN, U.K.
| | - Onrapak Reamtong
- Department
of Chemistry and Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester, Manchester M1 7DN, U.K.
| | - Elizabeth Cowley
- Epidemiology
and Public Health Group, Division of Population Health, Health Services
Research and Primary Care, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology,
Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K.
| | - Luca Cannizzaro
- Department
of Chemistry and Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester, Manchester M1 7DN, U.K.
| | - Joanna Stimpson
- Department
of Chemistry and Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester, Manchester M1 7DN, U.K.
| | - Kathleen Cain
- Department
of Chemistry and Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester, Manchester M1 7DN, U.K.
| | - Oliver J. Wilkinson
- Centre
for Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, Sheffield Institute
for Nucleic Acids, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7HF, U.K.
| | - Nicholas H. Williams
- Centre
for Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, Sheffield Institute
for Nucleic Acids, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7HF, U.K.
| | - Perdita E. Barran
- Department
of Chemistry and Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester, Manchester M1 7DN, U.K.
| | - Geoffrey P. Margison
- Epidemiology
and Public Health Group, Division of Population Health, Health Services
Research and Primary Care, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology,
Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K.
| | - David M. Williams
- Centre
for Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, Sheffield Institute
for Nucleic Acids, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7HF, U.K.
| | - Andrew C. Povey
- Epidemiology
and Public Health Group, Division of Population Health, Health Services
Research and Primary Care, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology,
Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K.
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19
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Tai MH, Thiam HS, Tee SF, Lim YS, Saw LH, Lai SO. Self-Healing Sulfonated Poly(ether ether ketone)-Based Polymer Electrolyte Membrane for Direct Methanol Fuel Cells: Effect of Solvent Content. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:4641. [PMID: 38139893 PMCID: PMC10747481 DOI: 10.3390/polym15244641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Proton exchange membranes (PEMs) with superior characteristics are needed to advance fuel cell technology. Nafion, the most used PEM in direct methanol fuel cells (DMFCs), has excellent proton conductivity but suffers from high methanol permeability and long-term performance degradation. Thus, this study aimed to create a healable PEM with improved durability and methanol barrier properties by combining sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone) (SPEEK) and poly-vinyl alcohol (PVA). The effect of changing the N,N-dimethylacetamide (DMAc) solvent concentration during membrane casting was investigated. Lower DMAc concentrations improved water absorption and, thus, membrane proton conductivity, but methanol permeability increased correspondingly. For the best trade-off between these two characteristics, the blend membrane with a 10 wt% DMAc solvent (SP10) exhibited the highest selectivity. SP10 also showed a remarkable self-healing capacity by regaining 88% of its pre-damage methanol-blocking efficiency. The ability to self-heal decreased with the increasing solvent concentration because of the increased crosslinking density and structure compactness, which reduced chain mobility. Optimizing the solvent concentration during membrane preparation is therefore an important factor in improving membrane performance in DMFCs. With its exceptional methanol barrier and self-healing characteristics, the pioneering SPEEK/PVA blend membrane may contribute to efficient and durable fuel cell systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mae Hwa Tai
- Lee Kong Chian Faculty of Engineering & Science, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Sungai Long Campus, Jalan Sungai Long, Bandar Sungai Long, Kajang 43000, Selangor, Malaysia; (M.H.T.); (S.F.T.); (Y.S.L.); (L.H.S.); (S.O.L.)
| | - Hui San Thiam
- Lee Kong Chian Faculty of Engineering & Science, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Sungai Long Campus, Jalan Sungai Long, Bandar Sungai Long, Kajang 43000, Selangor, Malaysia; (M.H.T.); (S.F.T.); (Y.S.L.); (L.H.S.); (S.O.L.)
- Centre for Advanced and Sustainable Materials Research, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Sungai Long Campus, Jalan Sungai Long, Bandar Sungai Long, Kajang 43000, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Shiau Foon Tee
- Lee Kong Chian Faculty of Engineering & Science, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Sungai Long Campus, Jalan Sungai Long, Bandar Sungai Long, Kajang 43000, Selangor, Malaysia; (M.H.T.); (S.F.T.); (Y.S.L.); (L.H.S.); (S.O.L.)
| | - Yun Seng Lim
- Lee Kong Chian Faculty of Engineering & Science, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Sungai Long Campus, Jalan Sungai Long, Bandar Sungai Long, Kajang 43000, Selangor, Malaysia; (M.H.T.); (S.F.T.); (Y.S.L.); (L.H.S.); (S.O.L.)
| | - Lip Huat Saw
- Lee Kong Chian Faculty of Engineering & Science, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Sungai Long Campus, Jalan Sungai Long, Bandar Sungai Long, Kajang 43000, Selangor, Malaysia; (M.H.T.); (S.F.T.); (Y.S.L.); (L.H.S.); (S.O.L.)
| | - Soon Onn Lai
- Lee Kong Chian Faculty of Engineering & Science, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Sungai Long Campus, Jalan Sungai Long, Bandar Sungai Long, Kajang 43000, Selangor, Malaysia; (M.H.T.); (S.F.T.); (Y.S.L.); (L.H.S.); (S.O.L.)
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20
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Banjar MF, Joynal Abedin FN, Fizal ANS, Muhamad Sarih N, Hossain MS, Osman H, Khalil NA, Ahmad Yahaya AN, Zulkifli M. Synthesis and Characterization of a Novel Nanosized Polyaniline. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:4565. [PMID: 38232004 PMCID: PMC10708272 DOI: 10.3390/polym15234565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Polyaniline (PANI) is a conductive polymer easily converted into a conducting state. However, its limited mechanical properties have generated interest in fabricating PANI composites with other polymeric materials. In this study, a PANI-prevulcanized latex composite film was synthesized and fabricated in two phases following chronological steps. The first phase determined the following optimum parameters for synthesizing nanosized PANI, which were as follows: an initial molar ratio of 1, a stirring speed of 600 rpm, a synthesis temperature of 25 °C, purification via filtration, and washing using dopant acid, acetone, and distilled water. The use of a nonionic surfactant, Triton X-100, at 0.1% concentration favored PANI formation in a smaller particle size of approximately 600 nm and good dispersibility over seven days of observation compared to the use of anionic sodium dodecyl sulfate. Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis) showed that the PANI synthesized using a surfactant was in the emeraldine base form, as the washing process tends to decrease the doping level in the PANI backbone. Our scanning electron microscopy analysis showed that the optimized synthesis parameters produced colloidal PANI with an average particle size of 695 nm. This higher aspect ratio explained the higher conductivity of nanosized PANI compared to micron-sized PANI. Following the chronological steps to determine the optimal parameters produced a nanosized PANI powder. The nanosized PANI had higher conductivity than the micron-sized PANI because of its higher aspect ratio. When PANI is synthesized in smaller particle sizes, it has higher conductivity. Atomic force microscopy analysis showed that the current flow is higher across a 5 µm2 scanned area of nanosized PANI because it has a larger surface area. Thus, more sites for the current to flow through were present on the nanosized PANI particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Faizar Banjar
- Malaysian Institute of Chemical and Bioengineering Technology, Universiti Kuala Lumpur (UniKL), Alor Gajah 78000, Melaka, Malaysia; (M.F.B.); (F.N.J.A.); (N.A.K.)
| | - Fatin Najwa Joynal Abedin
- Malaysian Institute of Chemical and Bioengineering Technology, Universiti Kuala Lumpur (UniKL), Alor Gajah 78000, Melaka, Malaysia; (M.F.B.); (F.N.J.A.); (N.A.K.)
| | - Ahmad Noor Syimir Fizal
- Centre for Sustainability of Ecosystem & Earth Resources (Pusat ALAM), Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Lebuh Persiaran Tun Khalil Yaakob, Gambang 26300, Pahang, Malaysia;
| | | | - Md. Sohrab Hossain
- HICoE-Centre for Biofuel and Biochemical Research, Institute of Self-Sustainable Building, Fundamental and Applied Sciences Department, Universiti Teknologi Petronas (UTP), Seri Iskandar 32610, Perak, Malaysia;
| | - Hakimah Osman
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering & Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Arau 02600, Perlis, Malaysia;
| | - Nor Afifah Khalil
- Malaysian Institute of Chemical and Bioengineering Technology, Universiti Kuala Lumpur (UniKL), Alor Gajah 78000, Melaka, Malaysia; (M.F.B.); (F.N.J.A.); (N.A.K.)
- Polymer Science Program, Division of Physical Science, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat-Yai 90110, Songkla, Thailand
| | - Ahmad Naim Ahmad Yahaya
- Green Chemistry and Sustainability Cluster, Branch Campus, Malaysian Institute of Chemical and Bio-Engineering Technology, Universiti Kuala Lumpur (UniKL), Taboh Naning, Alor Gajah 78000, Melaka, Malaysia;
| | - Muzafar Zulkifli
- Green Chemistry and Sustainability Cluster, Branch Campus, Malaysian Institute of Chemical and Bio-Engineering Technology, Universiti Kuala Lumpur (UniKL), Taboh Naning, Alor Gajah 78000, Melaka, Malaysia;
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21
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Saad H, Majer T, Bhattarai K, Lampe S, Nguyen DT, Kramer M, Straetener J, Brötz-Oesterhelt H, Mitchell DA, Gross H. Bioinformatics-guided discovery of biaryl-linked lasso peptides. Chem Sci 2023; 14:13176-13183. [PMID: 38023510 PMCID: PMC10664482 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc02380j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Lasso peptides are a class of ribosomally synthesized and post-translationally modified peptides (RiPPs) that feature an isopeptide bond and a distinct lariat fold. A growing number of secondary modifications have been described that further decorate lasso peptide scaffolds. Using genome mining, we have discovered a pair of lasso peptide biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) that include cytochrome P450 genes. Using mass spectrometry, stable isotope incorporation, and extensive 2D-NMR spectrometry, we report the structural characterization of two unique examples of (C-N) biaryl-linked lasso peptides. Nocapeptin A, from Nocardia terpenica, is tailored with a Trp-Tyr crosslink, while longipepetin A, from Longimycelium tulufanense, features a Trp-Trp linkage. Besides the unusual bicyclic frame, a Met of longipepetin A undergoes S-methylation to yield a trivalent sulfonium, a heretofore unprecedented RiPP modification. A bioinformatic survey revealed additional lasso peptide BGCs containing P450 enzymes which await future characterization. Lastly, nocapeptin A bioactivity was assessed against a panel of human and bacterial cell lines with modest growth-suppression activity detected towards Micrococcus luteus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamada Saad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tübingen Auf der Morgenstelle 8 72076 Tübingen Germany
- Department of Chemistry and the Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Urbana Illinois 61801 USA
| | - Thomas Majer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tübingen Auf der Morgenstelle 8 72076 Tübingen Germany
| | - Keshab Bhattarai
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tübingen Auf der Morgenstelle 8 72076 Tübingen Germany
| | - Sarah Lampe
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tübingen Auf der Morgenstelle 8 72076 Tübingen Germany
| | - Dinh T Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry and the Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Urbana Illinois 61801 USA
| | - Markus Kramer
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Tübingen Auf der Morgenstelle 18 72076 Tübingen Germany
| | - Jan Straetener
- Department of Microbial Bioactive Compounds, Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine, University of Tübingen Auf der Morgenstelle 28 72076 Tübingen Germany
| | - Heike Brötz-Oesterhelt
- Department of Microbial Bioactive Compounds, Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine, University of Tübingen Auf der Morgenstelle 28 72076 Tübingen Germany
- Cluster of Excellence: EXC 2124: Controlling Microbes to Fight Infection, University of Tübingen Tübingen Germany
| | - Douglas A Mitchell
- Department of Chemistry and the Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Urbana Illinois 61801 USA
| | - Harald Gross
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tübingen Auf der Morgenstelle 8 72076 Tübingen Germany
- Cluster of Excellence: EXC 2124: Controlling Microbes to Fight Infection, University of Tübingen Tübingen Germany
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22
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Arunrat N, Sansupa C, Sereenonchai S, Hatano R. Stability of soil bacteria in undisturbed soil and continuous maize cultivation in Northern Thailand. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1285445. [PMID: 38029158 PMCID: PMC10655093 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1285445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Rotational shifting cultivation (RSC) in Northern Thailand serves the dual purpose of ensuring food security and meeting economic goals through maize cultivation. However, the research question remains: Does the dynamics of soil bacterial communities differ between maize monoculture and RSC fields with continuous fallow throughout the season? Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate and compare the variation of soil bacterial communities in maize monoculture and fallow RSC fields. A continuous 5-year fallow field (undisturbed soil; CF-5Y) and a continuous 5-year maize cultivation field (M-5Y) in Mae Chaem District, Chiang Mai Province, Northern Thailand, were selected due to their similarities in microclimate, topography, and the 5-year duration of different field activities. Over the span of a year, we collected soil samples from the surface layer (0-2 cm depth) at both sites. These collections occurred at 3-month intervals, starting from March 2022 (summer season) and followed by June (rainy season), September (rainy season), December (winter season), and March 2023 (summer season). Soil bacterial diversity and composition were analyzed using 16S rRNA gene-based metagenomic analysis. The results found that undisturbed soil over a 5-year period exhibited more stability in the richness and diversity of bacteria across seasons compared with M-5Y. Notably, fertilizer application and tillage practices in M-5Y can enhance both the diversity and richness of soil bacteria. In terms of bacterial abundance, Proteobacteria prevailed in CF-5Y, while Actinobacteria dominated in M-5Y. At the genus level, Candidatus Udaeobacter dominated during the summer and winter seasons in both CF-5Y and M-5Y sites. Interestingly, during the rainy season, the dominant genus shifted to Bacillus in both CF-5Y and M-5Y fields. The soil bacterial community in M-5Y was strongly influenced by organic matter (OM) and organic carbon (OC). In contrast, in CF-5Y, there was no correlation between soil properties and the soil bacterial community, likely due to the lower variation in soil properties across seasons. β-Glucosidase was the dominant enzyme in both CF-5Y and M-5Y sites, and it showed a positive correlation with OM and OC. Further studies should continue to investigate soil bacteria dynamics, considering the changes in land management practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noppol Arunrat
- Faculty of Environment and Resource Studies, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Chakriya Sansupa
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Sukanya Sereenonchai
- Faculty of Environment and Resource Studies, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Ryusuke Hatano
- Laboratory of Soil Science, Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
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23
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Zahari NIN, Engku Abd Rahman ENS, Irekeola AA, Ahmed N, Rabaan AA, Alotaibi J, Alqahtani SA, Halawi MY, Alamri IA, Almogbel MS, Alfaraj AH, Ibrahim FA, Almaghaslah M, Alissa M, Yean CY. A Review of the Resistance Mechanisms for β-Lactams, Macrolides and Fluoroquinolones among Streptococcus pneumoniae. Medicina (Kaunas) 2023; 59:1927. [PMID: 38003976 PMCID: PMC10672801 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59111927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
Streptococcus pneumoniae (S. pneumoniae) is a bacterial species often associated with the occurrence of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). CAP refers to a specific kind of pneumonia that occurs in individuals who acquire the infection outside of a healthcare setting. It represents the leading cause of both death and morbidity on a global scale. Moreover, the declaration of S. pneumoniae as one of the 12 leading pathogens was made by the World Health Organization (WHO) in 2017. Antibiotics like β-lactams, macrolides, and fluoroquinolones are the primary classes of antimicrobial medicines used for the treatment of S. pneumoniae infections. Nevertheless, the efficacy of these antibiotics is diminishing as a result of the establishment of resistance in S. pneumoniae against these antimicrobial agents. In 2019, the WHO declared that antibiotic resistance was among the top 10 hazards to worldwide health. It is believed that penicillin-binding protein genetic alteration causes β-lactam antibiotic resistance. Ribosomal target site alterations and active efflux pumps cause macrolide resistance. Numerous factors, including the accumulation of mutations, enhanced efflux mechanisms, and plasmid gene acquisition, cause fluoroquinolone resistance. Furthermore, despite the advancements in pneumococcal vaccinations and artificial intelligence (AI), it is not feasible for individuals to rely on them indefinitely. The ongoing development of AI for combating antimicrobial resistance necessitates more research and development efforts. A few strategies can be performed to curb this resistance issue, including providing educational initiatives and guidelines, conducting surveillance, and establishing new antibiotics targeting another part of the bacteria. Hence, understanding the resistance mechanism of S. pneumoniae may aid researchers in developing a more efficacious antibiotic in future endeavors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurul Izzaty Najwa Zahari
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, Kubang Kerian 16150, Malaysia (E.N.S.E.A.R.)
| | - Engku Nur Syafirah Engku Abd Rahman
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, Kubang Kerian 16150, Malaysia (E.N.S.E.A.R.)
| | - Ahmad Adebayo Irekeola
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, Kubang Kerian 16150, Malaysia (E.N.S.E.A.R.)
- Microbiology Unit, Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural and Applied Sciences, Summit University Offa, Offa PMB 4412, Nigeria
| | - Naveed Ahmed
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, Kubang Kerian 16150, Malaysia (E.N.S.E.A.R.)
| | - Ali A. Rabaan
- Molecular Diagnostic Laboratory, Johns Hopkins Aramco Healthcare, Dhahran 31311, Saudi Arabia
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Public Health and Nutrition, The University of Haripur, Haripur 22610, Pakistan
| | - Jawaher Alotaibi
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh 11564, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Mohammed Y. Halawi
- Cytogenetics Department, Dammam Regional Laboratory and Blood Bank, Dammam 31411, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ibrahim Ateeq Alamri
- Blood Bank Department, Dammam Regional Laboratory and Blood Bank, Dammam 31411, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed S. Almogbel
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Hail, Hail 4030, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amal H. Alfaraj
- Pediatric Department, Abqaiq General Hospital, First Eastern Health Cluster, Abqaiq 33261, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fatimah Al Ibrahim
- Infectious Disease Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Dammam Medical Complex, Dammam 32245, Saudi Arabia
| | - Manar Almaghaslah
- Infectious Disease Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Dammam Medical Complex, Dammam 32245, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Alissa
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Chan Yean Yean
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, Kubang Kerian 16150, Malaysia (E.N.S.E.A.R.)
- Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, Kubang Kerian 16150, Malaysia
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24
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Chung KM, Liau XL, Tang SS. Bacteriophages and Their Host Range in Multidrug-Resistant Bacterial Disease Treatment. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1467. [PMID: 37895938 PMCID: PMC10610060 DOI: 10.3390/ph16101467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The rapid emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria in recent times has prompted the search for new and more potent antibiotics. Bacteriophages (commonly known as phages) are viruses that target and infect their bacterial hosts. As such, they are also a potential alternative to antibiotics. These phages can be broadly categorized into monovalent (with a narrow host range spectrum and specific to a single bacterial genus) and polyvalent (with a broad host range and specific to more than two genera). However, there is still much ambiguity in the use of these terms, with researchers often describing their phages differently. There is considerable research on the use of both narrow- and broad-host range phages in the treatment of infections and diseases caused by MDR bacteria, including tuberculosis, cystic fibrosis, and carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CRE) infectious diseases. From this, it is clear that the host range of these phages plays a vital role in determining the effectiveness of any phage therapy, and this factor is usually analyzed based on the advantages and limitations of different host ranges. There have also been efforts to expand phage host ranges via phage cocktail development, phage engineering and combination therapies, in line with current technological advancements. This literature review aims to provide a more in-depth understanding of the role of phage host ranges in the effectiveness of treating MDR-bacterial diseases, by exploring the following: phage biology, the importance of phages in MDR bacteria diseases treatment, the importance of phage host range and its advantages and limitations, current findings and recent developments, and finally, possible future directions for wide host range phages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ka Mun Chung
- Division of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, University Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Xiew Leng Liau
- Division of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, University Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Swee Seong Tang
- Division of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, University Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
- Centre for Research in Biotechnology for Agriculture, University Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
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25
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Nashihah AK, Muhammad Firdaus FI, Fauzi MB, Mobarak NN, Lokanathan Y. Role of Biomaterials in the Development of Epithelial Support in 3D In Vitro Airway Epithelium Development: A Systematic Review. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14935. [PMID: 37834382 PMCID: PMC10573735 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Respiratory diseases have a major impact on global health. The airway epithelium, which acts as a frontline defence, is one of the most common targets for inhaled allergens, irritants, or micro-organisms to enter the respiratory system. In the tissue engineering field, biomaterials play a crucial role. Due to the continuing high impact of respiratory diseases on society and the emergence of new respiratory viruses, in vitro airway epithelial models with high microphysiological similarities that are also easily adjustable to replicate disease models are urgently needed to better understand those diseases. Thus, the development of biomaterial scaffolds for the airway epithelium is important due to their function as a cell-support device in which cells are seeded in vitro and then are encouraged to lay down a matrix to form the foundations of a tissue for transplantation. Studies conducted in in vitro models are necessary because they accelerate the development of new treatments. Moreover, in comparatively controlled conditions, in vitro models allow for the stimulation of complex interactions between cells, scaffolds, and growth factors. Based on recent studies, the biomaterial scaffolds that have been tested in in vitro models appear to be viable options for repairing the airway epithelium and avoiding any complications. This review discusses the role of biomaterial scaffolds in in vitro airway epithelium models. The effects of scaffold, physicochemical, and mechanical properties in recent studies were also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ab Karim Nashihah
- Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia (F.I.M.F.); (M.B.F.)
| | - Fairuz Izan Muhammad Firdaus
- Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia (F.I.M.F.); (M.B.F.)
| | - Mh. Busra Fauzi
- Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia (F.I.M.F.); (M.B.F.)
| | - Nadhratun Naiim Mobarak
- School of Chemical Sciences and Food Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia UKM, Bangi 43600, Malaysia;
| | - Yogeswaran Lokanathan
- Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia (F.I.M.F.); (M.B.F.)
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26
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Majeed R, Elnawawy HM, Kutty MG, Yahya NA, Azami NH, Abu Kasim NH, Nabhan MS, Cooper PR, Camilleri J, Ahmed HMA. Physicochemical, mechanical and biological properties of nano-calcium silicate-based cements: a systematic review. Odontology 2023; 111:759-776. [PMID: 36864211 DOI: 10.1007/s10266-023-00786-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023]
Abstract
This systematic review evaluated the effects of nano-sized cement particles on the properties of calcium silicate-based cements (CSCs). Using defined keywords, a literature search was conducted to identify studies that investigated properties of nano-calcium silicate-based cements (NCSCs). A total of 17 studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Results indicated that NCSC formulations have favourable physical (setting time, pH and solubility), mechanical (push out bond strength, compressive strength and indentation hardness) and biological (bone regeneration and foreign body reaction) properties compared with commonly used CSCs. However, the characterization and verification for the nano-particle size of NCSCs were deficient in some studies. Furthermore, the nanosizing was not limited to the cement particles and a number of additives were present. In conclusion, the evidence available for the properties of CSC particles in the nano-range is deficient-such properties could be a result of additives which may have enhanced the properties of the material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rabia Majeed
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Hoda Mohamed Elnawawy
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Muralithran Govindan Kutty
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Noor Azlin Yahya
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Noor Hayati Azami
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Noor Hayaty Abu Kasim
- Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, 50300, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mohamed Shady Nabhan
- Department of Removable Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Paul Roy Cooper
- Department of Oral Sciences, University of Otago, Otago, New Zealand
| | - Josette Camilleri
- School of Dentistry, Institute of Clinical Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Hany Mohamed Aly Ahmed
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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27
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Ahmed N, Rabaan AA, Alwashmi ASS, Albayat H, Mashraqi MM, Alshehri AA, Garout M, Abduljabbar WA, Yusof NY, Yean CY. Immunoinformatic Execution and Design of an Anti-Epstein-Barr Virus Vaccine with Multiple Epitopes Triggering Innate and Adaptive Immune Responses. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2448. [PMID: 37894106 PMCID: PMC10609278 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11102448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the most important breakthroughs in healthcare is the development of vaccines. The life cycle and its gene expression in the numerous virus-associated disorders must be considered when choosing the target vaccine antigen for Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). The vaccine candidate used in the current study will also be effective against all other herpesvirus strains, based on the conservancy study, which verified that the protein is present in all herpesviruses. From the screening, two B-cell epitopes, four MHC-I, and five MHC-II restricted epitopes were chosen for further study. The refined epitopes indicated 70.59% coverage of the population in Malaysia and 93.98% worldwide. After removing the one toxin (PADRE) from the original vaccine design, it was projected that the new vaccine would not be similar to the human host and would instead be antigenic, immunogenic, non-allergenic, and non-toxic. The vaccine construct was stable, thermostable, soluble, and hydrophilic. The immunological simulation projected that the vaccine candidate would be subject to a long-lasting active adaptive response and a short-lived active innate response. With IgM concentrations of up to 450 cells per mm3 and active B-cell concentrations of up to 400 cells per mm3, the B-cells remain active for a considerable time. The construct also discovered other conformational epitopes, improving its ability to stimulate an immune response. This suggests that, upon injection, the epitope will target the B-cell surface receptors and elicit a potent immune response. Furthermore, the discotope analysis confirmed that our conformational B-cell epitope was not displaced during the design. Lastly, the docking complex was stable and exhibited little deformability under heat pressure. These computational results are very encouraging for future testing of our proposed vaccine, which may potentially help in the management and prevention of EBV infections worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naveed Ahmed
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Malaysia
| | - Ali A. Rabaan
- Molecular Diagnostic Laboratory, Johns Hopkins Aramco Healthcare, Dhahran 31311, Saudi Arabia
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Public Health and Nutrition, The University of Haripur, Haripur 22610, Pakistan
| | - Ameen S. S. Alwashmi
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hawra Albayat
- Infectious Disease Department, King Saud Medical City, Riyadh 12746, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mutaib M. Mashraqi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Najran University, Najran 61441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmad A. Alshehri
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Najran University, Najran 61441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Garout
- Department of Community Medicine and Health Care for Pilgrims, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Wesam A. Abduljabbar
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Fakeeh College for Medical Sciences, Jeddah 21461, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nik Yusnoraini Yusof
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, Kubang Kerian 16150, Malaysia
| | - Chan Yean Yean
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Malaysia
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, Kubang Kerian 16150, Malaysia
- Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, Kubang Kerian 16150, Malaysia
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Pan ML, Ahmad Puzi NN, Ooi YY, Ramasamy R, Vidyadaran S. Response Profiles of BV2 Microglia to IFN-γ and LPS Co-Stimulation and Priming. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2648. [PMID: 37893022 PMCID: PMC10604055 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11102648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: The latest research illustrates that microglia phenotype is not the binary 'resting' and 'activated' profiles. Instead, there is wide diversity in microglia states. Similarly, when testing different stimulation protocols for BV2 microglia, we discovered differences in the response of the cells in terms of the production of intracellular ROS (iROS), nitric oxide (NO), CD40 expression, and migratory capacity. (2) Methods: BV2 microglia were treated with single interferon gamma (IFN-γ) stimulation, LPS/IFN-γ co-stimulation, and priming with IFN-γ followed by stimulation with LPS for 24 h. The responses of BV2 microglia were then assessed using the H2DCFDA test for iROS, the Griess assay for NO, immunophenotyping for CD40/CD11b/MHC II, and migration using a transwell apparatus. (3) Results: Single stimulation with IFN-γ induced NO but not ROS in BV2 microglia. Co-stimulation with LPS200IFN-γ2.5 induced a higher iROS production (a 9.2-fold increase) and CD40 expression (28031 ± 8810.2 MFI), compared to priming with primedIFN-γ50LPS100 (a 4.0-fold increase in ROS and 16764 ± 1210.8 MFI of CD40). Co-stimulation also induced cell migration. On the other hand, priming BV2 microglia (primedIFN-γ50LPS100) resulted in a higher NO production (64 ± 1.4 µM) compared to LPS200IFN-γ2.5 co-stimulation (44 ± 1.7 µM). Unexpectedly, priming inhibited BV2 migration. (4) Conclusions: Taken together, the findings from this project reveal the ability of co-stimulation and priming in stimulating microglia into an inflammatory phenotype, and the heterogeneity of microglia responses towards different stimulating approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Liy Pan
- Neuroinflammation Group, Immunology Laboratory, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia; (M.L.P.); (N.N.A.P.)
| | - Nur Nabilah Ahmad Puzi
- Neuroinflammation Group, Immunology Laboratory, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia; (M.L.P.); (N.N.A.P.)
- Department of Craniofacial Diagnostics & Biosciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia
| | - Yin Yin Ooi
- School of Biosciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor’s University Lakeside Campus, 1, Jalan Taylor’s, Subang Jaya 47500, Malaysia;
- Medical Advancement for Better Quality of Life Impact Lab, Taylor’s University Lakeside Campus, 1, Jalan Taylor’s, Subang Jaya 47500, Malaysia
| | - Rajesh Ramasamy
- Stem Cell and Immunity Research Group, Immunology Laboratory, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia;
| | - Sharmili Vidyadaran
- Neuroinflammation Group, Immunology Laboratory, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia; (M.L.P.); (N.N.A.P.)
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Naomi R, Teoh SH, Embong H, Balan SS, Othman F, Mamat-Hamidi K, Bahari H, Yazid MD. Analyzing Active Compounds in Elateriospermum tapos Yogurt for Maternal Obesity: A Network Pharmacology and Molecular Docking Study. Foods 2023; 12:3575. [PMID: 37835227 PMCID: PMC10572448 DOI: 10.3390/foods12193575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Maternal obesity, characterized by an elevated body mass index (BMI) during pregnancy, is known to have adverse effects on the offspring. However, a recent study suggests that Elateriospermum tapos (E. tapos) yogurt may hold potential in mitigating excessive weight retention post-pregnancy. Thus, this study aims to employ network pharmacology to explore the pharmacological effects of the bioactive compounds present in E. tapos yogurt against maternal obesity. Initially, a screening process is conducted to identify the bioactive compounds in E. tapos yogurt, followed by the prediction of potential gene targets for these compounds using Swiss Target Prediction and the SuperPred databases. Maternal obesity-associated genes are sourced from the OMIM, DisGeNet, and GeneCards databases. The interaction between the identified compounds and maternal obesity genes is established via protein-protein interaction analysis, gene ontology examination, and KEGG pathway analysis. To validate the results, molecular docking studies are conducted using AutoDock Tools software. The findings reveal that out of the 64 compounds analyzed, three meet the screening criteria, resulting in a total of 380 potential gene targets. Among these targets, 240 are shared with maternal obesity-related genes. Further analysis demonstrates the favorable affinity of these active compounds with key targets, linking them to biological processes involving protein phosphorylation, inflammation, as well as the pathways related to lipid metabolism, atherosclerosis, and the other signaling pathways. In conclusion, this study provides valuable insights into the potential pharmacological effects of the bioactive compounds found in E. tapos yogurt against maternal obesity. These findings open avenues for further exploration and potential therapeutic interventions targeting maternal obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Naomi
- Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia
| | - Soo Huat Teoh
- Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 13200, Malaysia;
| | - Hashim Embong
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia;
| | - Santhra Segaran Balan
- Department of Diagnostic and Allied Health Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Management and Science University, Shah Alam 40100, Malaysia;
| | - Fezah Othman
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia;
| | - Kamalludin Mamat-Hamidi
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor 43400, Malaysia;
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia
| | - Hasnah Bahari
- Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Dain Yazid
- Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine (CTERM), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
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Chung KM, Nang SC, Tang SS. The Safety of Bacteriophages in Treatment of Diseases Caused by Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1347. [PMID: 37895818 PMCID: PMC10610463 DOI: 10.3390/ph16101347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Given the urgency due to the rapid emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria, bacteriophages (phages), which are viruses that specifically target and kill bacteria, are rising as a potential alternative to antibiotics. In recent years, researchers have begun to elucidate the safety aspects of phage therapy with the aim of ensuring safe and effective clinical applications. While phage therapy has generally been demonstrated to be safe and tolerable among animals and humans, the current research on phage safety monitoring lacks sufficient and consistent data. This emphasizes the critical need for a standardized phage safety assessment to ensure a more reliable evaluation of its safety profile. Therefore, this review aims to bridge the knowledge gap concerning phage safety for treating MDR bacterial infections by covering various aspects involving phage applications, including phage preparation, administration, and the implications for human health and the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ka Mun Chung
- Division of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Sue C Nang
- Department of Microbiology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Swee Seong Tang
- Division of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
- Centre for Research in Biotechnology for Agriculture, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
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Akbar MA, Mohd Yusof NY, Usup G, Ahmad A, Baharum SN, Bunawan H. Nutrient Deficiencies Impact on the Cellular and Metabolic Responses of Saxitoxin Producing Alexandrium minutum: A Transcriptomic Perspective. Mar Drugs 2023; 21:497. [PMID: 37755110 PMCID: PMC10532982 DOI: 10.3390/md21090497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Dinoflagellate Alexandrium minutum Halim is commonly associated with harmful algal blooms (HABs) in tropical marine waters due to its saxitoxin production. However, limited information is available regarding the cellular and metabolic changes of A. minutum in nutrient-deficient environments. To fill this gap, our study aimed to investigate the transcriptomic responses of A. minutum under nitrogen and phosphorus deficiency. The induction of nitrogen and phosphorus deficiency resulted in the identification of 1049 and 763 differently expressed genes (DEGs), respectively. Further analysis using gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) revealed 702 and 1251 enriched gene ontology (GO) terms associated with nitrogen and phosphorus deficiency, respectively. Our results indicate that in laboratory cultures, nitrogen deficiency primarily affects meiosis, carbohydrate catabolism, ammonium assimilation, ion homeostasis, and protein kinase activity. On the other hand, phosphorus deficiency primarily affects the carbon metabolic response, cellular ion transfer, actin-dependent cell movement, signalling pathways, and protein recycling. Our study provides valuable insights into biological processes and genes regulating A. minutum's response to nutrient deficiencies, furthering our understanding of the ecophysiological response of HABs to environmental change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhamad Afiq Akbar
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
- Aquatic Animal Health and Therapeutics Laboratory, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
- Institute of System Biology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia;
| | - Nurul Yuziana Mohd Yusof
- Department of Earth Science and Environment, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia; (N.Y.M.Y.); (G.U.)
| | - Gires Usup
- Department of Earth Science and Environment, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia; (N.Y.M.Y.); (G.U.)
| | - Asmat Ahmad
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia;
| | - Syarul Nataqain Baharum
- Institute of System Biology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia;
| | - Hamidun Bunawan
- Institute of System Biology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia;
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Voo WX, Chong WC, Teoh HC, Lau WJ, Chan YJ, Chung YT. Facile Preparation of Durable and Eco-Friendly Superhydrophobic Filter with Self-Healing Ability for Efficient Oil/Water Separation. Membranes (Basel) 2023; 13:793. [PMID: 37755215 PMCID: PMC10534750 DOI: 10.3390/membranes13090793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
The superhydrophobic feature is highly desirable for oil/water separation (OWS) operation to achieve excellent separation efficiency. However, using hazardous materials in fabricating superhydrophobic surfaces is always the main concern. Herein, superhydrophobic filters were prepared via an eco-friendly approach by anchoring silica particles (SiO2) onto the cotton fabric surface, followed by surface coating using natural material-myristic acid via a dip coating method. Tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) was used in the synthesis of SiO2 particles from the silica sol. In addition, the impact of the drying temperature on the wettability of the superhydrophobic filter was investigated. Moreover, the pristine cotton fabric and as-prepared superhydrophobic cotton filters were characterised based on Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX) and contact angle (CA) measurement. The superhydrophobic cotton filter was used to perform OWS using an oil-water mixture containing either chloroform, hexane, toluene, xylene or dichloroethane. The separation efficiency of the OWS using the superhydrophobic filter was as high as 99.9%. Moreover, the superhydrophobic fabric filter also demonstrated excellent durability, chemical stability, self-healing ability and reusability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Xin Voo
- Lee Kong Chian Faculty of Engineering and Science, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Sungai Long Campus, Jalan Sungai Long, Cheras, Kajang 43000, Selangor, Malaysia; (W.X.V.); (H.C.T.)
| | - Woon Chan Chong
- Lee Kong Chian Faculty of Engineering and Science, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Sungai Long Campus, Jalan Sungai Long, Cheras, Kajang 43000, Selangor, Malaysia; (W.X.V.); (H.C.T.)
- Centre for Photonics and Advanced Materials Research, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Sungai Long Campus, Jalan Sungai Long, Cheras, Kajang 43000, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Hui Chieh Teoh
- Lee Kong Chian Faculty of Engineering and Science, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Sungai Long Campus, Jalan Sungai Long, Cheras, Kajang 43000, Selangor, Malaysia; (W.X.V.); (H.C.T.)
- Centre for Photonics and Advanced Materials Research, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Sungai Long Campus, Jalan Sungai Long, Cheras, Kajang 43000, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Woei Jye Lau
- Advanced Membrane Technology Research Centre (AMTEC), Faculty of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru 81310, Johor, Malaysia;
| | - Yi Jing Chan
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Jalan Broga, Semenyih 43500, Selangor, Malaysia;
| | - Ying Tao Chung
- Department of Chemical & Petroleum Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Technology & Built Environment, UCSI University Kuala Lumpur Campus, Jalan Mandarina Damai 1, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia;
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Kumareswaran A, Ekeuku SO, Mohamed N, Muhammad N, Hanafiah A, Pang KL, Wong SK, Chew DCH, Chin KY. The Effects of Tocotrienol on Gut Microbiota: A Scoping Review. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:1882. [PMID: 37763286 PMCID: PMC10532613 DOI: 10.3390/life13091882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Gut dysbiosis has been associated with many chronic diseases, such as obesity, inflammatory bowel disease, and cancer. Gut dysbiosis triggers these diseases through the activation of the immune system by the endotoxins produced by gut microbiota, which leads to systemic inflammation. In addition to pre-/pro-/postbiotics, many natural products can restore healthy gut microbiota composition. Tocotrienol, which is a subfamily of vitamin E, has been demonstrated to have such effects. This scoping review presents an overview of the effects of tocotrienol on gut microbiota according to the existing scientific literature. A literature search to identify relevant studies was conducted using PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. Only original research articles which aligned with the review's objective were examined. Six relevant studies investigating the effects of tocotrienol on gut microbiota were included. All of the studies used animal models to demonstrate that tocotrienol altered the gut microbiota composition, but none demonstrated the mechanism by which this occurred. The studies induced diseases known to be associated with gut dysbiosis in rats. Tocotrienol partially restored the gut microbiota compositions of the diseased rats so that they resembled those of the healthy rats. Tocotrienol also demonstrated strong anti-inflammatory effects in these animals. In conclusion, tocotrienol could exert anti-inflammatory effects by suppressing inflammation directly or partially by altering the gut microbiota composition, thus achieving its therapeutic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aswini Kumareswaran
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Cheras 56000, Malaysia; (A.K.); (N.M.); (N.M.); (S.K.W.)
| | - Sophia Ogechi Ekeuku
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Cheras 56000, Malaysia;
| | - Norazlina Mohamed
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Cheras 56000, Malaysia; (A.K.); (N.M.); (N.M.); (S.K.W.)
| | - Norliza Muhammad
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Cheras 56000, Malaysia; (A.K.); (N.M.); (N.M.); (S.K.W.)
| | - Alfizah Hanafiah
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Cheras 56000, Malaysia;
| | - Kok-Lun Pang
- Newcastle University Medicine Malaysia, Iskandar Puteri 79200, Malaysia;
| | - Sok Kuan Wong
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Cheras 56000, Malaysia; (A.K.); (N.M.); (N.M.); (S.K.W.)
| | - Deborah Chia Hsin Chew
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Cheras 56000, Malaysia;
| | - Kok-Yong Chin
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Cheras 56000, Malaysia; (A.K.); (N.M.); (N.M.); (S.K.W.)
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Parameswaran K, Azman AF, Chia SL, Yusoff K, Ismail S. Knockdown of the Autophagy Protein Beclin-1 Does Not Affect Innate Cytokine Production in Human Lung Epithelial Cells during Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection. Trop Med Infect Dis 2023; 8:434. [PMID: 37755895 PMCID: PMC10535488 DOI: 10.3390/tropicalmed8090434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a major cause of respiratory tract infections in young children, globally. Autophagy is a cellular degradation process that mediates cell survival. Studies using mouse models have demonstrated that inhibiting autophagy affects the production of cytokines triggered by RSV. However, the effect of autophagy on RSV-induced cytokine production in human cells remains inadequately studied. Our previous research showed that inhibiting autophagy using pharmacological inhibitors did not affect the innate cytokine production in human lung epithelial cells (BEAS-2B) following RSV infection. In this study, we sought to validate these findings using a more specific approach, employing short-interfering RNA (siRNA) to target the important autophagy protein Beclin-1 (Bec-1). Prior to measuring cytokine production, we confirmed that silencing Bec-1 with siRNA effectively suppressed autophagy without affecting cell viability. Our results revealed that inhibiting autophagy through Bec-1 knockdown did not affect the production of innate cytokines CXCL8 and CCL5 in BEAS-2B cells during RSV infection, consistent with our previous findings using pharmacological inhibitors. Overall, our data suggest that targeting autophagy may not be an effective strategy for alleviating RSV-induced airway inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kavesha Parameswaran
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia; (K.P.); (A.F.A.); (S.L.C.); (K.Y.)
| | - Amiera Fatin Azman
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia; (K.P.); (A.F.A.); (S.L.C.); (K.Y.)
| | - Suet Lin Chia
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia; (K.P.); (A.F.A.); (S.L.C.); (K.Y.)
- UPM-MAKNA Cancer Research Laboratory, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia
| | - Khatijah Yusoff
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia; (K.P.); (A.F.A.); (S.L.C.); (K.Y.)
- Malaysia Genome and Vaccine Institute, National Institutes of Biotechnology Malaysia, Kajang 43000, Malaysia
| | - Saila Ismail
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia; (K.P.); (A.F.A.); (S.L.C.); (K.Y.)
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Yap CTJ, Lam SM, Sin JC, Zeng H, Li H, Huang L, Lin H. Treatment of diluted palm oil mill effluent (POME) synchronous with electricity production in a persulfate oxidant-promoted photocatalytic fuel cell. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2023; 30:96272-96289. [PMID: 37566326 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-29165-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
Attributable to the prosperous production growth of palm oil in Malaysia, the generated palm oil mill effluent (POME) poses a high threat owing to its highly polluted characteristic. Urged by the escalating concern of environmental conservation, POME pollution abatement and potential energy recovery from the effluent are flagged up as a research topic of interest. In this study, a cutting-edge photocatalytic fuel cell (PFC) system with employment of ZnO/Zn nanorod array (NRA) photoanode, CuO/Cu cathode, and persulfate (PS) oxidant was successfully designed to improve the treatment of POME and simultaneous energy production. The photoelectrodes were fabricated and characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy with energy (FESEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX), and Brunauer, Emmett, and Teller analysis (BET). Owing to the properties of strong oxidant of PS, the proposed PFC/PS system has exhibited exceptional performance, attaining chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal efficiency of 96.2%, open circuit voltage (Voc) of 740.0 mV, short circuit current density (Jsc) of 146.7 μA cm-2, and power density (Pmax) of 35.6 μW cm-2. The pre-eminent PFC/PS system performance was yielded under optimal conditions of 2.5 mM of persulfate oxidant, POME dilution factor of 1:20, and natural solution pH of 8.51. Subsequently, the postulated photoelectrocatalytic POME treatment mechanism was elucidated by the radical scavenging study and Mott-Schottky (M-S) analysis. The following recycling test affirmed the stability and durability of the photoanode after four continuous repetition usages while the assessed electrical energy efficiency revealed the economic viability of PFC system serving as a post-treatment for abatement of POME. These findings contributed toward enhancing the sustainability criteria and economic viability of palm oil by adopting sustainable and efficient POME post-treatment technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Ting Joyee Yap
- Faculty of Engineering and Green Technology, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Jalan Universiti, Bandar Barat, 31900, Kampar, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Sze-Mun Lam
- Faculty of Engineering and Green Technology, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Jalan Universiti, Bandar Barat, 31900, Kampar, Perak, Malaysia.
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, China.
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Theory and Technology for Environmental Pollution Control, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, China.
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Water Pollution Control and Water Safety in Karst Area, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, China.
| | - Jin-Chung Sin
- Faculty of Engineering and Green Technology, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Jalan Universiti, Bandar Barat, 31900, Kampar, Perak, Malaysia
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Theory and Technology for Environmental Pollution Control, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Water Pollution Control and Water Safety in Karst Area, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, China
| | - Honghu Zeng
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Theory and Technology for Environmental Pollution Control, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Water Pollution Control and Water Safety in Karst Area, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, China
| | - Haixiang Li
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Theory and Technology for Environmental Pollution Control, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Water Pollution Control and Water Safety in Karst Area, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, China
| | - Liangliang Huang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Theory and Technology for Environmental Pollution Control, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Water Pollution Control and Water Safety in Karst Area, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, China
| | - Hua Lin
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Theory and Technology for Environmental Pollution Control, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Water Pollution Control and Water Safety in Karst Area, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, China
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Ahmad MT, Shariff M, Goh YM, Banerjee S, Yusoff FM. Interaction of low-level dietary supplementation of Chlorella vulgaris Beijerinck, 1890, and feeding duration on growth hormone, growth performance and serum biochemistry of red hybrid tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus × Oreochromis niloticus). J Fish Biol 2023; 103:715-726. [PMID: 37249562 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.15469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Chlorella is one of the most widely accepted Chlorophyta used by many as livestock and aquaculture feed. Nonetheless, different studies on the overall performances of fish reported the unfavourable effect of high-level supplementations of Chlorella vulgaris. The current study determined the impact of low-level dietary supplementation of C. vulgaris alongside the different feeding durations and their interactions on the growth hormone (GH), growth performances, serum-biochemical indices, hepatic function and some immunological parameters of red hybrid tilapia. The fingerlings (mean weight: 14.25 ± 0.01 g, length: 13.5 ± 0.49 cm) were fed diets containing 0, 0.99%, 2.91% and 4.76% of C. vulgaris powder per kilogram dry diet for 90 days. GH, growth performance, serum-biochemical indices (total serum protein, albumin, globulin, glucose, aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase) and some immunological (respiratory burst and lysozyme activities) parameters of the fish were examined after 30, 60 and 90 days of feeding. The results demonstrated that tilapia fed C. vulgaris-supplemented diets showed increased levels of respiratory burst, lysozyme, albumin and total protein, GH and growth performances (P < 0.05), and the effects were duration dependent. After the 90 days of feeding, there was no adverse effect on the hepatic function of the fish. Besides, low survivability was observed in the control group than in the group fed the experimental diets. The group fed the diet supplemented with 4.76% C. vulgaris had significantly higher (P < 0.05) lysozyme activity throughout the duration of the feeding experiment. These results indicate that C. vulgaris enhanced growth performances, GH concentration, serum-biochemistry and some immunological parameters of red hybrid tilapia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Talba Ahmad
- Aquatic Animal Health Unit, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - Mohamed Shariff
- Aquatic Animal Health and Therapeutics Laboratory, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Yong Meng Goh
- Department of Veterinary Preclinical Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Sanjoy Banerjee
- Aquatic Animal Health and Therapeutics Laboratory, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Fatimah M Yusoff
- Aquatic Animal Health and Therapeutics Laboratory, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
- Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
- Laboratory of Aquatic Ecosystems and Management, International Institute of Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
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Poongan B, Rajendran J, Mariappan S, Rawat AS, Kumar N, Nathan A, Yarman BS. A 54 µW CMOS Auto-Trimming Bandgap References (ATBGR) Achieving 90 dB PSRR for Artificial Intelligence of Things (AIoT) Chips. Micromachines (Basel) 2023; 14:1724. [PMID: 37763888 PMCID: PMC10535921 DOI: 10.3390/mi14091724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
An Auto-Trimming CMOS Bandgap References Circuit (ATBGR) with PSRR enhancement circuit for Artificial Intelligence of Things (AIoT) chips is presented in this paper. The ATBGR is designed with a first-order temperature compensation technique providing a stable reference voltage of 1.25 V in the ranges of input voltages from 1.65 V to 4.5 V. An auto-trimming circuit is integrated into a PTAT resistor of BGR to minimize the influences of the process variations. The four parallel resistor pairs with PMOS switches are connected in series with the PTAT resistor. The reference voltage, VREF, is compared to an external constant value, 1.25 V, through an operational amplifier, and the output of the de-multiplexer is used to configure the PMOS switches. High power supply rejection is achieved through a PSRR enhancement circuit constituting a cascaded PMOS common gate pair. The ATBGR circuit is fabricated in 180 nm CMOS technology, consuming an area of 0.03277 mm2. The auto-trimming method yields an average temperature coefficient of 9.99 ppm/°C with temperature ranges from -40 °C to 125 °C, and a power supply rejection ratio of -90 dB at 100 MHz is obtained. The line regulation of the proposed circuit is 0.434%/V with power consumption of 54.12 µW at room temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balamahesn Poongan
- Collaborative Microelectronic Design Excellence Center (CEDEC), Universiti Sains Malaysia, Bayan Lepas 11900, Malaysia
| | - Jagadheswaran Rajendran
- Collaborative Microelectronic Design Excellence Center (CEDEC), Universiti Sains Malaysia, Bayan Lepas 11900, Malaysia
| | - Selvakumar Mariappan
- Collaborative Microelectronic Design Excellence Center (CEDEC), Universiti Sains Malaysia, Bayan Lepas 11900, Malaysia
| | - Arvind Singh Rawat
- School of Computing, DIT University, Dehradun 248009, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Narendra Kumar
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Arokia Nathan
- Darwin College, Cambridge University, Cambridge CB3 9EU, UK
| | - Binboga S Yarman
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Istanbul University, 34320 Istanbul, Turkey
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Ismail KI, Pang R, Ahmed R, Yap TC. Tensile Properties of In Situ 3D Printed Glass Fiber-Reinforced PLA. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:3436. [PMID: 37631493 PMCID: PMC10458518 DOI: 10.3390/polym15163436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
A 3D printed composite via the fused filament fabrication (FFF) technique has potential to enhance the mechanical properties of FFF 3D printed parts. The most commonly employed techniques for 3D composite printing (method 1) utilized premixed composite filaments, where the fibers were integrated into thermoplastic materials prior to printing. In the second method (method 2), short fibers and thermoplastic were mixed together within the extruder of a 3D printer to form a composite part. However, no research has been conducted on method 3, which involves embedding short fibers into the printed object during the actual printing process. A novel approach concerning 3D printing in situ fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) by embedding glass fibers between deposited layers during printing was proposed recently. An experimental investigation has been undertaken to evaluate the tensile behavior of the composites manufactured by the new manufacturing method. Neat polylactic acid (PLA) and three different glass fiber-reinforced polylactic acid (GFPLA) composites with 1.02%, 2.39%, and 4.98% glass fiber contents, respectively, were 3Dprinted. Tensile tests were conducted with five repetitions for each sample. The fracture surfaces of the samples were then observed under scanning electron microscopy (SEM). In addition, the porosities of the 3D printed samples were measured with a image processing software (ImageJ 1.53t). The result shows that the tensile strengths of GFPLA were higher than the neat PLA. The tensile strength of the composites increased from GFPLA-1 (with a 1.02% glass fiber content) to GFPLA-2.4 (with a 2.39% glass fiber content), but drastically dropped at GFPLA-5 (with a 4.98% glass fiber content). However, the tensile strength of GFPLA-5 is still higher than the neat PLA. The fracture surfaces of tensile samples were observed under scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The SEM images showed the average line width of the deposited material increased as glass fiber content increased, while layer height was maintained. The intralayer bond of the deposited filaments improved via the new fiber embedding method. Hence, the porosity area is reduced as glass fiber content increased.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khairul Izwan Ismail
- School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University Malaysia, No. 1, Jalan Venna P5/2, Precinct 5, Putrajaya 62200, Malaysia;
| | - Rayson Pang
- School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University Malaysia, No. 1, Jalan Venna P5/2, Precinct 5, Putrajaya 62200, Malaysia;
| | - Rehan Ahmed
- School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, UK;
| | - Tze Chuen Yap
- School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University Malaysia, No. 1, Jalan Venna P5/2, Precinct 5, Putrajaya 62200, Malaysia;
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Bhatt V, Ponnampalavanar SSLS, Chong CW, Tang LY, Krishnasamy K, Goh SSL, Teh CSJ. Socio-Demographic Factors and Public Knowledge of Antibiotic Resistance. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:2284. [PMID: 37628482 PMCID: PMC10454014 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11162284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Antibiotic resistance is a serious health issue, and raising public awareness of it is crucial to combating it. This study aimed to assess the socio-demographic factors associated with knowledge of antibiotics and antibiotic resistance in Malaysia. (2) Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out between April 2022 and March 2023. Malaysian adults aged ≥18 years old and able to understand English or Malay were recruited. During data collection, the WHO questionnaire "Antibiotic Resistance, Multi-Country Public Awareness Survey" was used. Data were collected across 14 states in Malaysia. (3) Results: A total of 517 participants completed the questionnaire. Most participants were females (67.9%), aged 30-49 (46%), and from central Malaysia (69.8%). Most participants (98.5%) reported taking antibiotics. A misconception presented was that sore throats, fevers, colds, and flu can be treated with antibiotics. A total of 58.8% of participants had high knowledge of antibiotic usage (scores 12-15), while 64% had high knowledge of antibiotic resistance (scores 9-14). Findings indicate that increasing age, income, and education were associated with higher knowledge. (4) Conclusions: This study highlights the knowledge deficiency of antibiotic resistance among Malaysians. Educational programs should engage a younger and lower socio-economic population to increase awareness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vedika Bhatt
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia;
| | | | - Chun Wie Chong
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway 47500, Selangor, Malaysia;
| | - Li Yoong Tang
- Department of Nursing Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia;
| | | | - Sheron Sir Loon Goh
- Department of Primary Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia;
| | - Cindy Shuan Ju Teh
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia;
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Tan XH, Chong WL, Lee VS, Abdullah S, Jasni K, Suarni SQ, Perera D, Sam IC, Chan YF. Substitution of Coxsackievirus A16 VP1 BC and EF Loop Altered the Protective Immune Responses in Chimera Enterovirus A71. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:1363. [PMID: 37631931 PMCID: PMC10458053 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11081363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) is a childhood disease caused by enterovirus A71 (EV-A71) and coxsackievirus A16 (CV-A16). Capsid loops are important epitopes for EV-A71 and CV-A16. Seven chimeric EV-A71 (ChiE71) involving VP1 BC (45.5% similarity), DE, EF, GH and HI loops, VP2 EF loop and VP3 GH loop (91.3% similarity) were substituted with corresponding CV-A16 loops. Only ChiE71-1-BC, ChiE71-1-EF, ChiE71-1-GH and ChiE71-3-GH were viable. EV-A71 and CV-A16 antiserum neutralized ChiE71-1-BC and ChiE71-1-EF. Mice immunized with inactivated ChiE71 elicited high IgG, IFN-γ, IL-2, IL-4 and IL-10. Neonatal mice receiving passive transfer of WT EV-A71, ChiE71-1-EF and ChiE71-1-BC immune sera had 100%, 80.0% and no survival, respectively, against lethal challenges with EV-A71, suggesting that the substituted CV-A16 loops disrupted EV-A71 immunogenicity. Passive transfer of CV-A16, ChiE71-1-EF and ChiE71-1-BC immune sera provided 40.0%, 20.0% and 42.9% survival, respectively, against CV-A16. One-day-old neonatal mice immunized with WT EV-A71, ChiE71-1-BC, ChiE71-1-EF and CV-A16 achieved 62.5%, 60.0%, 57.1%, and no survival, respectively, after the EV-A71 challenge. Active immunization using CV-A16 provided full protection while WT EV-A71, ChiE71-1-BC and ChiE71-1-EF immunization showed partial cross-protection in CV-A16 lethal challenge with survival rates of 50.0%, 20.0% and 40%, respectively. Disruption of a capsid loop could affect virus immunogenicity, and future vaccine design should include conservation of the enterovirus capsid loops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiu Hui Tan
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia; (X.H.T.); (I.-C.S.)
| | - Wei Lim Chong
- Department of Chemistry, Center of Theoretical and Computational Physics, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Vannajan Sanghiran Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Center of Theoretical and Computational Physics, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Syahril Abdullah
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia;
- Comparative Medicine and Technology Unit, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia
| | - Kartini Jasni
- Comparative Medicine and Technology Unit, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia
| | - Saiful Qushairi Suarni
- Comparative Medicine and Technology Unit, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia
| | - David Perera
- Institute of Health and Community Medicine, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, Kota Samarahan 94300, Malaysia;
| | - I-Ching Sam
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia; (X.H.T.); (I.-C.S.)
| | - Yoke Fun Chan
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia; (X.H.T.); (I.-C.S.)
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41
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Chin FW, Chan SC, Veerakumarasivam A. Homeobox Gene Expression Dysregulation as Potential Diagnostic and Prognostic Biomarkers in Bladder Cancer. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:2641. [PMID: 37627900 PMCID: PMC10453580 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13162641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Homeobox genes serve as master regulatory transcription factors that regulate gene expression during embryogenesis. A homeobox gene may have either tumor-promoting or tumor-suppressive properties depending on the specific organ or cell lineage where it is expressed. The dysregulation of homeobox genes has been reported in various human cancers, including bladder cancer. The dysregulated expression of homeobox genes has been associated with bladder cancer clinical outcomes. Although bladder cancer has high risk of tumor recurrence and progression, it is highly challenging for clinicians to accurately predict the risk of tumor recurrence and progression at the initial point of diagnosis. Cystoscopy is the routine surveillance method used to detect tumor recurrence. However, the procedure causes significant discomfort and pain that results in poor surveillance follow-up amongst patients. Therefore, the development of reliable non-invasive biomarkers for the early detection and monitoring of bladder cancer is crucial. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the diagnostic and prognostic potential of homeobox gene expression dysregulation in bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fee-Wai Chin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia;
| | - Soon-Choy Chan
- School of Liberal Arts, Science and Technology, Perdana University, Kuala Lumpur 50490, Malaysia
| | - Abhi Veerakumarasivam
- School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Bandar Sunway 47500, Selangor, Malaysia
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Chin FW, Hussin H, Chau DM, Ong TA, Yunus R, Abdul Razack AH, Yusoff K, Chan SC, Veerakumarasivam A. Differential Protein Expression Patterns of HOXA13 and HOXB13 Are Associated with Bladder Cancer Progression. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:2636. [PMID: 37627895 PMCID: PMC10453033 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13162636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Bladder cancer is a common urological cancer and has the highest recurrence rate of any cancer. The aim of our study was to profile and characterize the protein expression of homeobox A13 (HOXA13) and homeobox B13 (HOXB13) genes in Malaysian bladder cancer patients. The protein expression of HOXA13 and HOXB13 in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) bladder cancer tissues was determined by immunohistochemistry (IHC) analysis. The association between HOXA13/HOXB13 protein expression and demographic/clinicopathological characteristics of the bladder cancer patients was determined by chi-square analysis. Approximately 63.6% of the bladder cancer tissues harbored high HOXA13 expression. High HOXA13 expression was significantly associated with non-muscle invasive bladder cancer, lower tumor grade, higher number of lymph node metastases, and recurrence risk. In contrast, low HOXB13 expression (including those with negative expression) was observed in 71.6% of the bladder cancer tissues analyzed. Low HOXB13 expression was significantly associated with muscle-invasive bladder cancer, higher tumor stage, tumor grade, and metastatic risk. Both HOXA13 and HOXB13 protein expression were found to be associated with bladder tumorigenesis. The putative oncogenic and tumor suppressive roles of HOXA13 and HOXB13, respectively, suggest their potential utility as biomarkers in bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fee-Wai Chin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Huzlinda Hussin
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - De-Ming Chau
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Teng-Aik Ong
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Rosna Yunus
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Kuala Lumpur, Kuala Lumpur 50586, Malaysia
| | | | - Khatijah Yusoff
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
- Malaysia Genome and Vaccine Institute, National Institutes of Biotechnology Malaysia, Kajang 43000, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Soon-Choy Chan
- Malaysia Genome and Vaccine Institute, National Institutes of Biotechnology Malaysia, Kajang 43000, Selangor, Malaysia
- School of Liberal Arts, Science and Technology, Perdana University, Kuala Lumpur 50490, Malaysia
| | - Abhi Veerakumarasivam
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
- Malaysia Genome and Vaccine Institute, National Institutes of Biotechnology Malaysia, Kajang 43000, Selangor, Malaysia
- School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Bandar Sunway 47500, Selangor, Malaysia
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Kah Sem NAD, Abd Gani S, Chong CM, Natrah I, Shamsi S. Management and Mitigation of Vibriosis in Aquaculture: Nanoparticles as Promising Alternatives. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12542. [PMID: 37628723 PMCID: PMC10454253 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241612542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Vibriosis is one of the most common diseases in marine aquaculture, caused by bacteria belonging to the genus Vibrio, that has been affecting many species of economically significant aquatic organisms around the world. The prevention of vibriosis in aquaculture is difficult, and the various treatments for vibriosis have their limitations. Therefore, there is an imperative need to find new alternatives. This review is based on the studies on vibriosis, specifically on the various treatments and their limitations, as well as the application of nanoparticles in aquaculture. One of the promising nanoparticles is graphene oxide (GO), which has been used in various applications, particularly in biological applications such as biosensors, drug delivery, and potential treatment for infectious diseases. GO has been shown to have anti-bacterial properties against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, but no research has been published that emphasizes its impact on Vibrio spp. The review aims to explore the potential use of GO for treatment against vibriosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuan Anong Densaad Kah Sem
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia; (N.A.D.K.S.); (S.A.G.)
| | - Shafinaz Abd Gani
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia; (N.A.D.K.S.); (S.A.G.)
| | - Chou Min Chong
- Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia; (C.M.C.); (I.N.)
| | - Ikhsan Natrah
- Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia; (C.M.C.); (I.N.)
| | - Suhaili Shamsi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia; (N.A.D.K.S.); (S.A.G.)
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Naomi R, Teoh SH, Halim S, Embong H, Hasain Z, Bahari H, Kumar J. Unraveling Obesity: Transgenerational Inheritance, Treatment Side Effects, Flavonoids, Mechanisms, Microbiota, Redox Balance, and Bioavailability-A Narrative Review. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1549. [PMID: 37627544 PMCID: PMC10451614 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12081549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is known as a transgenerational vicious cycle and has become a global burden due to its unavoidable complications. Modern approaches to obesity management often involve the use of pharmaceutical drugs and surgeries that have been associated with negative side effects. In contrast, natural antioxidants, such as flavonoids, have emerged as a promising alternative due to their potential health benefits and minimal side effects. Thus, this narrative review explores the potential protective role of flavonoids as a natural antioxidant in managing obesity. To identify recent in vivo studies on the efficiency of flavonoids in managing obesity, a comprehensive search was conducted on Wiley Online Library, Scopus, Nature, and ScienceDirect. The search was limited to the past 10 years; from the search, we identified 31 articles to be further reviewed. Based on the reviewed articles, we concluded that flavonoids offer novel therapeutic strategies for preventing obesity and its associated co-morbidities. This is because the appropriate dosage of flavonoid compounds is able to reduce adipose tissue mass, the formation of intracellular free radicals, enhance endogenous antioxidant defences, modulate the redox balance, and reduce inflammatory signalling pathways. Thus, this review provides an insight into the domain of a natural product therapeutic approach for managing obesity and recapitulates the transgenerational inheritance of obesity, the current available treatments to manage obesity and its side effects, flavonoids and their sources, the molecular mechanism involved, the modulation of gut microbiota in obesity, redox balance, and the bioavailability of flavonoids. In toto, although flavonoids show promising positive outcome in managing obesity, a more comprehensive understanding of the molecular mechanisms responsible for the advantageous impacts of flavonoids-achieved through translation to clinical trials-would provide a novel approach to inculcating flavonoids in managing obesity in the future as this review is limited to animal studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Naomi
- Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia;
| | - Soo Huat Teoh
- Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kepala Batas 13200, Malaysia;
| | - Shariff Halim
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University Technology Mara (UiTM) Pulau Pinang, Bertam Campus, Kepala Batas 13200, Malaysia;
| | - Hashim Embong
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia;
| | - Zubaidah Hasain
- Unit of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Defence Health, Universiti Pertahanan Nasional Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia
| | - Hasnah Bahari
- Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia;
| | - Jaya Kumar
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
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Abd Aziz NA, Awang N, Chan KM, Kamaludin NF, Mohamad Anuar NN. Organotin (IV) Dithiocarbamate Compounds as Anticancer Agents: A Review of Syntheses and Cytotoxicity Studies. Molecules 2023; 28:5841. [PMID: 37570810 PMCID: PMC10421081 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28155841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Organotin (IV) dithiocarbamate has recently received attention as a therapeutic agent among organotin (IV) compounds. The individual properties of the organotin (IV) and dithiocarbamate moieties in the hybrid complex form a synergy of action that stimulates increased biological activity. Organotin (IV) components have been shown to play a crucial role in cytotoxicity. The biological effects of organotin compounds are believed to be influenced by the number of Sn-C bonds and the number and nature of alkyl or aryl substituents within the organotin structure. Ligands target and react with molecules while preventing unwanted changes in the biomolecules. Organotin (IV) dithiocarbamate compounds have also been shown to have a broad range of cellular, biochemical, and molecular effects, with their toxicity largely determined by their structure. Continuing the investigation of the cytotoxicity of organotin (IV) dithiocarbamates, this mini-review delves into the appropriate method for synthesis and discusses the elemental and spectroscopic analyses and potential cytotoxic effects of these compounds from articles published since 2010.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Normah Awang
- Center for Toxicology and Health Risk Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia; (N.A.A.A.); (K.M.C.); (N.F.K.); (N.N.M.A.)
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46
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Tan KS, Azman AS, Hassandarvish P, Amelia-Yap ZH, Tan TK, Low VL. Protein Profiling of Aedes aegypti Treated with Streptomyces sp. KSF103 Ethyl Acetate Extract Reveals Potential Insecticidal Targets and Metabolic Pathways. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12398. [PMID: 37569772 PMCID: PMC10418484 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241512398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The insecticidal activity of Streptomyces sp. KSF103 ethyl acetate (EA) extract against mosquitoes is known; however, the underlying mechanism behind this activity remains elusive. In this study, liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was employed to investigate changes in the protein profile of Aedes aegypti larvae and adults treated with lethal concentrations of 50 (LC50) EA extract. By comparing the treated and untreated mosquitoes, this study aimed to identify proteins or pathways that exhibit alterations, potentially serving as targets for future insecticide development. Treatment with a lethal concentration of EA extract upregulated 15 proteins in larvae, while in adults, 16 proteins were upregulated, and two proteins were downregulated. These proteins were associated with metabolism, protein regulation/degradation, energy production, cellular organization and structure, enzyme activity, and catalysis, as well as calcium ion transport and homeostasis. Notably, ATP synthase, fructose-bisphosphate aldolase (FBA), and ATP citrate synthase were significantly expressed in both groups. Gene ontology analysis indicated a focus on energy metabolic processes. Molecular docking revealed a strong interaction between dodemorph, selagine (compounds from the EA extract), and FBA, suggesting FBA as a potential protein target for insecticide development. Further studies such as Western blot and transcriptomic analyses are warranted to validate the findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ker Shien Tan
- Tropical Infectious Diseases Research and Education Centre (TIDREC), Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia; (K.S.T.); (P.H.); (Z.H.A.-Y.)
- Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | | | - Pouya Hassandarvish
- Tropical Infectious Diseases Research and Education Centre (TIDREC), Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia; (K.S.T.); (P.H.); (Z.H.A.-Y.)
| | - Zheng Hua Amelia-Yap
- Tropical Infectious Diseases Research and Education Centre (TIDREC), Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia; (K.S.T.); (P.H.); (Z.H.A.-Y.)
| | - Tiong Kai Tan
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia;
| | - Van Lun Low
- Tropical Infectious Diseases Research and Education Centre (TIDREC), Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia; (K.S.T.); (P.H.); (Z.H.A.-Y.)
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47
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Hami SSBM, Affandi NDN, Indrie L, Tripa S, Harun AM, Ahmad MR. Enhancing Mechanical Properties and Flux of Nanofibre Membranes for Water Filtration. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:3281. [PMID: 37571175 PMCID: PMC10422239 DOI: 10.3390/polym15153281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Nanofibres have gained attention for their highly porous structure, narrow pore size, and high specific surface area. One of the most efficient techniques for producing nanofibres is electrospinning. These fibres are used in various fields, including water filtration. Although they possess the ability to filter various components, the fibres generally have low mechanical strength, which can mitigate their performance over time. To address this, studies have focused on enhancing nanofibre membrane strength for water filtration. Previous analyses show that the mechanical properties of nanofibre mats can be improved through solvent vapour treatment, thermal treatment, and chemical crosslinking. These treatments promote interfibre bonding, leading to the improvement of mechanical strength. However, excessive treatment alters nanofibre behaviour. Excessive heat exposure reduces interfibre bonding, while too much solvent vapour decreases pore size and mechanical strength. Thus, a comprehensive understanding of these post-treatments is crucial. This review examines post-treatments aiming to increase the mechanical strength of nanofibre mats, discussing their advantages and disadvantages. Understanding these treatments is essential for optimising nanofibre membrane performance in water filtration and other applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siddratul Sarah Binti Mohd Hami
- Textile Research Group, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam 40450, Selangor, Malaysia; (S.S.B.M.H.); (M.R.A.)
| | - Nor Dalila Nor Affandi
- Textile Research Group, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam 40450, Selangor, Malaysia; (S.S.B.M.H.); (M.R.A.)
| | - Liliana Indrie
- Department of Textiles, Leather and Industrial Management, Faculty of Energy Engineering and Industrial Management, University of Oradea, Universitatii Str. No. 1, 410087 Oradea, Romania;
| | - Simona Tripa
- Department of Textiles, Leather and Industrial Management, Faculty of Energy Engineering and Industrial Management, University of Oradea, Universitatii Str. No. 1, 410087 Oradea, Romania;
| | - Ahmad Mukifza Harun
- Nano Lab, Faculty Engineering, University Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu 88400, Sabah, Malaysia;
| | - Mohd Rozi Ahmad
- Textile Research Group, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam 40450, Selangor, Malaysia; (S.S.B.M.H.); (M.R.A.)
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48
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Ang HP, Makpol S, Nasaruddin ML, Ahmad NS, Tan JK, Wan Zaidi WA, Embong H. Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Delirium-like Behaviour in a Rat Model of Chronic Cerebral Hypoperfusion Is Associated with Increased Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase Expression and Endotoxin Tolerance. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12248. [PMID: 37569622 PMCID: PMC10418785 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241512248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) and the tryptophan-kynurenine pathway (TRP-KP) are upregulated in ageing and could be implicated in the pathogenesis of delirium. This study evaluated the role of IDO/KP in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced delirium in an animal model of chronic cerebral hypoperfusion (CCH), a proposed model for delirium. CCH was induced by a permanent bilateral common carotid artery ligation (BCCAL) in Sprague Dawley rats to trigger chronic neuroinflammation-induced neurodegeneration. Eight weeks after permanent BCCAL, the rats were treated with a single systemic LPS. The rats were divided into three groups: (1) post-BCCAL rats treated with intraperitoneal (i.p.) saline, (2) post-BCCAL rats treated with i.p. LPS 100 μg/kg, and (3) sham-operated rats treated with i.p. LPS 100 μg/kg. Each group consisted of 10 male rats. To elucidate the LPS-induced delirium-like behaviour, natural and learned behaviour changes were assessed by a buried food test (BFT), open field test (OFT), and Y-maze test at 0, 24-, 48-, and 72 h after LPS treatment. Serum was collected after each session of behavioural assessment. The rats were euthanised after the last serum collection, and the hippocampi and cerebral cortex were collected. The TRP-KP neuroactive metabolites were measured in both serum and brain tissues using ELISA. Our data show that LPS treatment in CCH rats was associated with acute, transient, and fluctuated deficits in natural and learned behaviour, consistent with features of delirium. These behaviour deficits were mild compared to the sham-operated rats, which exhibited robust behaviour impairments. Additionally, heightened hippocampal IDO expression in the LPS-treated CCH rats was associated with reduced serum KP activity together with a decrease in the hippocampal quinolinic acid (QA) expression compared to the sham-operated rats, suggested for the presence of endotoxin tolerance through the immunomodulatory activity of IDO in the brain. These data provide new insight into the underlying mechanisms of delirium, and future studies should further explore the role of IDO modulation and its therapeutic potential in delirium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Phing Ang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia (N.S.A.)
| | - Suzana Makpol
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia; (M.L.N.); (J.K.T.)
| | - Muhammad Luqman Nasaruddin
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia; (M.L.N.); (J.K.T.)
| | - Nurul Saadah Ahmad
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia (N.S.A.)
| | - Jen Kit Tan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia; (M.L.N.); (J.K.T.)
| | - Wan Asyraf Wan Zaidi
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia;
| | - Hashim Embong
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia (N.S.A.)
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Abdullah SN, Kechik MMA, Kamarudin AN, Talib ZA, Baqiah H, Kien CS, Pah LK, Abdul Karim MK, Shabdin MK, Shaari AH, Hashim A, Suhaimi NE, Miryala M. Microstructure and Superconducting Properties of Bi-2223 Synthesized via Co-Precipitation Method: Effects of Graphene Nanoparticle Addition. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2023; 13:2197. [PMID: 37570515 PMCID: PMC10420798 DOI: 10.3390/nano13152197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
The effects of graphene addition on the phase formation and superconducting properties of (Bi1.6Pb0.4)Sr2Ca2Cu3O10 (Bi-2223) ceramics synthesized using the co-precipitation method were systematically investigated. Series samples of Bi-2223 were added with different weight percentages (x = 0.0, 0.3, 0.5 and 1.0 wt.%) of graphene nanoparticles. The samples' phase formations and crystal structures were characterized via X-ray diffraction (XRD), while the superconducting critical temperatures, Tc, were investigated using alternating current susceptibility (ACS). The XRD showed that a high-Tc phase, Bi-2223, and a small low-Tc phase, Bi-2212, dominated the samples. The volume fraction of the Bi-2223 phase increased for the sample with x = 0.3 wt.% and 0.5 wt.% of graphene and slightly reduced at x = 1.0 wt.%. The ACS showed that the onset critical temperature, Tc-onset, phase lock-in temperature, Tcj, and coupling peak temperature, TP, decreased when graphene was added to the samples. The susceptibility-temperature (χ'-T) and (χ″-T) curves of each sample, where χ' and χ″ are the real and imaginary parts of the susceptibility, respectively, were obtained. The critical temperature of the pure sample was also measured.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siti Nabilah Abdullah
- Laboratory of Superconductor and Thin Films, Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Mustafa Awang Kechik
- Laboratory of Superconductor and Thin Films, Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia
| | - Aliah Nursyahirah Kamarudin
- Laboratory of Superconductor and Thin Films, Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia
| | - Zainal Abidin Talib
- Department of Physics, College of Natural Sciences, Jeonbuk National University 567, Baekje-daero, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju-si 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Hussein Baqiah
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Biophysics, Institute of Biophysics, Dezhou University, No. 566 University Rd. West, Dezhou 253023, China
| | - Chen Soo Kien
- Laboratory of Superconductor and Thin Films, Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia
| | - Lim Kean Pah
- Laboratory of Superconductor and Thin Films, Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Khalis Abdul Karim
- Laboratory of Superconductor and Thin Films, Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Kashfi Shabdin
- Laboratory of Superconductor and Thin Films, Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia
| | - Abdul Halim Shaari
- Laboratory of Superconductor and Thin Films, Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia
| | - Azhan Hashim
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA Pahang, Jengka 26400, Malaysia
| | | | - Muralidhar Miryala
- Materials for Energy and Environmental Laboratory, Superconducting Materials, Shibaura Institute of Technology, 3 Chome-7-5 Toyosu, Koto, Tokyo 135-8548, Japan
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50
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Al-saffar FY, Wong LS, Paul SC. An Elucidative Review of the Nanomaterial Effect on the Durability and Calcium-Silicate-Hydrate (C-S-H) Gel Development of Concrete. Gels 2023; 9:613. [PMID: 37623068 PMCID: PMC10453857 DOI: 10.3390/gels9080613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Concrete as a building material is susceptible to degradation by environmental threats such as thermal diffusion, acid and sulphate infiltration, and chloride penetration. Hence, the inclusion of nanomaterials in concrete has a positive effect in terms of promoting its mechanical strength and durability performance, as well as resulting in energy savings due to reduced cement consumption in concrete production. This review article discussed the novel advances in research regarding C-S-H gel promotion and concrete durability improvement using nanomaterials. Basically, this review deals with topics relevant to the influence of nanomaterials on concrete's resistance to heat, acid, sulphate, chlorides, and wear deterioration, as well as the impact on concrete microstructure and chemical bonding. The significance of this review is a critical discussion on the cementation mechanism of nanoparticles in enhancing durability properties owing to their nanofiller effect, pozzolanic reactivity, and nucleation effect. The utilization of nanoparticles enhanced the hydrolysis of cement, leading to a rise in the production of C-S-H gel. Consequently, this improvement in concrete microstructure led to a reduction in the number of capillary pores and pore connectivity, thereby improving the concrete's water resistance. Microstructural and chemical evidence obtained using SEM and XRD indicated that nanomaterials facilitated the formation of cement gel either by reacting pozzolanically with portlandite to generate more C-S-H gel or by functioning as nucleation sites. Due to an increased rate of C-S-H gel formation, concrete enhanced with nanoparticles exhibited greater durability against heat damage, external attack by acids and sulphates, chloride diffusion, and surface abrasion. The durability improvement following nanomaterial incorporation into concrete can be summarised as enhanced residual mechanical strength, reduced concrete mass loss, reduced diffusion coefficients for thermal and chloride, improved performance against sulphates and acid attack, and increased surface resistance to abrasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farqad Yousuf Al-saffar
- Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Jalan IKRAM-UNITEN, Kajang 43000, Selangor, Malaysia
- Institute of Energy Infrastructure, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Jalan IKRAM-UNITEN, Kajang 43000, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Leong Sing Wong
- Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Jalan IKRAM-UNITEN, Kajang 43000, Selangor, Malaysia
- Institute of Energy Infrastructure, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Jalan IKRAM-UNITEN, Kajang 43000, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Suvash Chandra Paul
- Department of Civil Engineering, International University of Business Agriculture and Technology, 4 Embankment Drive Road, Sector 10, Dhaka 1230, Bangladesh
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