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Westerlund K, Oroujeni M, Gestin M, Clinton J, Hani Rosly A, Tano H, Vorobyeva A, Orlova A, Eriksson Karlström A, Tolmachev V. Shorter Peptide Nucleic Acid Probes Improve Affibody-Mediated Peptide Nucleic Acid-Based Pretargeting. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2024; 7:1595-1611. [PMID: 38751640 PMCID: PMC11091976 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.4c00106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Affibody-mediated PNA-based pretargeting shows promise for HER2-expressing tumor radiotherapy. In our recent study, a 15-mer ZHER2:342-HP15 affibody-PNA conjugate, in combination with a shorter 9-mer [177Lu]Lu-HP16 effector probe, emerged as the most effective pretargeting strategy. It offered a superior tumor-to-kidney uptake ratio and more efficient tumor targeting compared to longer radiolabeled effector probes containing 12 or 15 complementary PNA bases. To enhance the production efficiency of our pretargeting system, we here introduce even shorter 6-, 7-, and 8-mer secondary probes, designated as HP19, HP21, and HP20, respectively. We also explore the replacement of the original 15-mer Z-HP15 primary probe with shorter 12-mer Z-HP12 and 9-mer Z-HP9 alternatives. This extended panel of shorter PNA-based probes was synthesized using automated microwave-assisted methods and biophysically screened in vitro to identify shorter probe combinations with the most effective binding properties. In a mouse xenograft model, we evaluated the biodistribution of these probes, comparing them to the Z-HP15:[177Lu]Lu-HP16 combination. Tumor-to-kidney ratios at 4 and 144 h postinjection of the secondary probe showed no significant differences among the Z-HP9:[177Lu]Lu-HP16, Z-HP9:[177Lu]Lu-HP20, and the Z-HP15:[177Lu]Lu-HP16 pairs. Importantly, tumor uptake significantly exceeded, by several hundred-fold, that of most normal tissues, with kidney uptake being the critical organ for radiation therapy. This suggests that using a shorter 9-mer primary probe, Z-HP9, in combination with 9-mer HP16 or 8-mer HP20 secondary probes effectively targets tumors while minimizing the dose-limiting kidney uptake of radionuclide. In conclusion, the Z-HP9:HP16 and Z-HP9:HP20 probe combinations offer good prospects for both cost-effective production and efficient in vivo pretargeting of HER2-expressing tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Westerlund
- Department
of Protein Science, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology
and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm 106 91, Sweden
| | - Maryam Oroujeni
- Department
of Immunology, Genetics and
Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala 751 23, Sweden
- Affibody
AB, Solna 171
65, Sweden
| | - Maxime Gestin
- Department
of Protein Science, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology
and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm 106 91, Sweden
| | - Jacob Clinton
- Department
of Protein Science, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology
and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm 106 91, Sweden
| | - Alia Hani Rosly
- Department
of Immunology, Genetics and
Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala 751 23, Sweden
| | - Hanna Tano
- Department
of Protein Science, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology
and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm 106 91, Sweden
| | - Anzhelika Vorobyeva
- Department
of Immunology, Genetics and
Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala 751 23, Sweden
| | - Anna Orlova
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala University, Uppsala 751 23, Sweden
| | - Amelie Eriksson Karlström
- Department
of Protein Science, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology
and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm 106 91, Sweden
| | - Vladimir Tolmachev
- Department
of Immunology, Genetics and
Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala 751 23, Sweden
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Shao Y, Gudla H, Mindemark J, Brandell D, Zhang C. Ion Transport in Polymer Electrolytes: Building New Bridges between Experiment and Molecular Simulation. Acc Chem Res 2024; 57:1123-1134. [PMID: 38569004 PMCID: PMC11025026 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.3c00791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
ConspectusPolymer electrolytes constitute a promising type of material for solid-state batteries. However, one of the bottlenecks for their practical implementation lies in the transport properties, often including restricted Li+ self-diffusion and conductivity and low cationic transference numbers. This calls for a molecular understanding of ion transport in polymer electrolytes in which molecular dynamics (MD) simulation can provide both new physical insights and quantitative predictions. Although efforts have been made in this area and qualitative pictures have emerged, direct and quantitative comparisons between experiment and simulation remain challenging because of the lack of a unified theoretical framework to connect them.In our work, we show that by computing the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the model system and using the normalized inverse temperature 1000/(T - Tg + 50), the Li+ self-diffusion coefficient can be compared quantitatively between MD simulations and experiments. This allows us to disentangle the effects of Tg and the polymer dielectric environment on ion conduction in polymer electrolytes, giving rise to the identification of an optimal solvating environment for fast ion conduction.Unlike Li+ self-diffusion coefficients and ionic conductivity, the transference number, which describes the fraction of current carried by Li+ ions, depends on the boundary conditions or the reference frame (RF). This creates a non-negligible gap when comparing experiment and simulation because the fluxes in the experimental measurements and in the linear response theory used in MD simulation are defined in different RFs. We show that by employing the Onsager theory of ion transport and applying a proper RF transformation, a much better agreement between experiment and simulation can be achieved for the PEO-LiTFSI system. This further allows us to derive the theoretical expression for the Bruce-Vincent transference number in terms of the Onsager coefficients and make a direct comparison to experiments. Since the Bruce-Vincent method is widely used to extract transference numbers from experimental data, this opens the door to calibrating MD simulations via reproducing the Bruce-Vincent transference number and using MD simulations to predict the true transference number.In addition, we also address several open questions here such as the time-scale effects on the ion-pairing phenomenon, the consistency check between different types of experiments, the need for more accurate force fields used in MD simulations, and the extension to multicomponent systems. Overall, this Account focuses on building new bridges between experiment and simulation for quantitative comparison, warnings of pitfalls when comparing apples and oranges, and clarifying misconceptions. From a physical chemistry point of view, it connects to concentrated solution theory and provides a unified theoretical framework that can maximize the power of MD simulations. Therefore, this Account will be useful for the electrochemical energy storage community at large and set examples of how to approach experiments from theory and simulation (and vice versa).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunqi Shao
- Department of Chemistry—Ångström
Laboratory, Uppsala University, Lägerhyddsvägen 1, Box 538, 751 21 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Harish Gudla
- Department of Chemistry—Ångström
Laboratory, Uppsala University, Lägerhyddsvägen 1, Box 538, 751 21 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jonas Mindemark
- Department of Chemistry—Ångström
Laboratory, Uppsala University, Lägerhyddsvägen 1, Box 538, 751 21 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Daniel Brandell
- Department of Chemistry—Ångström
Laboratory, Uppsala University, Lägerhyddsvägen 1, Box 538, 751 21 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Chao Zhang
- Department of Chemistry—Ångström
Laboratory, Uppsala University, Lägerhyddsvägen 1, Box 538, 751 21 Uppsala, Sweden
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Sethio D, Azzopardi E, Fdez. Galván I, Lindh R. A Story of Three Levels of Sophistication in SCF/KS-DFT Orbital Optimization Procedures. J Phys Chem A 2024; 128:2472-2486. [PMID: 38483190 PMCID: PMC10983011 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.3c07647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
In this work, three versions of self-consistent field/Kohn-Sham density functional theory (SCF/KS-DFT) orbital optimization are described and benchmarked. The methods are a modified version of the geometry version of the direct inversion in the iterative subspace approach (which we call r-GDIIS), the modified restricted step rational function optimization method (RS-RFO), and the novel subspace gradient-enhanced Kriging method combined with restricted variance optimization (S-GEK/RVO). The modifications introduced are aimed at improving the robustness and computational scaling of the procedures. In particular, the subspace approach in S-GEK/RVO allows the application to SCF/KS-DFT optimization of a machine learning technique that has proven to be successful in geometry optimizations. The performance of the three methods is benchmarked for a large number of small- to medium-sized organic molecules, at equilibrium structures and close to a transition state, and a second set of molecules containing closed- and open-shell transition metals. The results indicate the importance of the resetting technique in boosting the performance of the r-GDIIS procedure. Moreover, it is demonstrated that already at the inception of the subspace version of GEK to optimize SCF wave functions, it displays superior and robust convergence properties as compared to those of the standard state-of-the-art SCF/KS-DFT optimization methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Sethio
- Department
of Chemistry—BMC, Uppsala University, P.O. Box 576, SE-75123 Uppsala, Sweden
- Department
of Chemistry—Ångström, Uppsala University, P.O. Box 538, SE-75121 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Emily Azzopardi
- Department
of Chemistry—BMC, Uppsala University, P.O. Box 576, SE-75123 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ignacio Fdez. Galván
- Department
of Chemistry—BMC, Uppsala University, P.O. Box 576, SE-75123 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Roland Lindh
- Department
of Chemistry—BMC, Uppsala University, P.O. Box 576, SE-75123 Uppsala, Sweden
- Uppsala
Center for Computational Chemistry (UC3), Uppsala University, P.O. Box 576, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
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Filate T, Lee S, Franco LR, Chen Q, Genene Z, Marchiori CFN, Lee Y, Araujo M, Mammo W, Woo HY, Kim BJ, Wang E. Aqueous Processed All-Polymer Solar Cells with High Open-Circuit Voltage Based on Low-Cost Thiophene-Quinoxaline Polymers. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2024; 16:12886-12896. [PMID: 38425182 PMCID: PMC10941072 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c18994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Eco-friendly solution processing and the low-cost synthesis of photoactive materials are important requirements for the commercialization of organic solar cells (OSCs). Although varieties of aqueous-soluble acceptors have been developed, the availability of aqueous-processable polymer donors remains quite limited. In particular, the generally shallow highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) energy levels of existing polymer donors limit further increases in the power conversion efficiency (PCE). Here, we design and synthesize two water/alcohol-processable polymer donors, poly[(thiophene-2,5-diyl)-alt-(2-((13-(2,5,8,11-tetraoxadodecyl)-2,5,8,11-tetraoxatetradecan-14-yl)oxy)-6,7-difluoroquinoxaline-5,8-diyl)] (P(Qx8O-T)) and poly[(selenophene-2,5-diyl)-alt-(2-((13-(2,5,8,11-tetraoxadodecyl)-2,5,8,11-tetraoxatetradecan-14-yl)oxy)-6,7-difluoroquinoxaline-5,8-diyl)] (P(Qx8O-Se)) with oligo(ethylene glycol) (OEG) side chains, having deep HOMO energy levels (∼-5.4 eV). The synthesis of the polymers is achieved in a few synthetic and purification steps at reduced cost. The theoretical calculations uncover that the dielectric environmental variations are responsible for the observed band gap lowering in OEG-based polymers compared to their alkylated counterparts. Notably, the aqueous-processed all-polymer solar cells (aq-APSCs) based on P(Qx8O-T) and poly[(N,N'-bis(3-(2-(2-(2-methoxyethoxy)-ethoxy)ethoxy)-2-((2-(2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethoxy)ethoxy)-methyl)propyl)naphthalene-1,4,5,8-bis(dicarboximide)-2,6-diyl)-alt-(2,5-thiophene)] (P(NDIDEG-T)) active layer exhibit a PCE of 2.27% and high open-circuit voltage (VOC) approaching 0.8 V, which are among the highest values for aq-APSCs reported to date. This study provides important clues for the design of low-cost, aqueous-processable polymer donors and the fabrication of aqueous-processable OSCs with high VOC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadele
T. Filate
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers
University of Technology, SE-412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
- Department
of Chemistry, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 33658, 1000 Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Seungjin Lee
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 34141 Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Energy
Materials Research Center, Korea Research
Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), 34114 Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Leandro R. Franco
- Department
of Engineering and Physics, Karlstad University, 65188 Karlstad, Sweden
| | - Qiaonan Chen
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers
University of Technology, SE-412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Zewdneh Genene
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers
University of Technology, SE-412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
| | | | - Yoonjoo Lee
- Department
of Chemistry, Korea University, 02841 Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Moyses Araujo
- Department
of Engineering and Physics, Karlstad University, 65188 Karlstad, Sweden
- Materials
Theory Division, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, 75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Wendimagegn Mammo
- Department
of Chemistry, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 33658, 1000 Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Han Young Woo
- Department
of Chemistry, Korea University, 02841 Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Bumjoon J. Kim
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 34141 Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ergang Wang
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers
University of Technology, SE-412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
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Hermann V, Söderqvist F, Karlsson AC, Sarkadi A, Durbeej N. Mental health status according to the dual-factor model in Swedish adolescents: A cross sectional study highlighting associations with stress, resilience, social status and gender. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0299225. [PMID: 38427682 PMCID: PMC10906859 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0299225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024] Open
Abstract
In this cross-sectional study, we aimed to I) investigate the dual-factor model of mental health by forming and describing four participant groups and II) examine associations between mental health status and background factors, school-related factors, stress, and resilience among adolescents in a community population in Sweden. Data were collected through a survey completed by 2,208 students in lower and upper secondary school on the Swedish island of Gotland. After missing data were removed, a total of 1,833 participants were included in the study. The survey included the Mental Health Continuum Short Form (MHC-SF) for the assessment of mental well-being and the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) for the assessment of mental health problems. These two measures were combined into a dual-factor model, forming four mental health status subgroups: Vulnerable (47.5%), Complete mental health (36.2%), Troubled (13.9%), and Symptomatic but content (2.5%). Associations between these groups were explored regarding background factors, school-related factors, stress, and resilience through chi-squared tests and logistic regressions. Girls (OR: 1.88) and participants with high stress levels (OR: 2.23) had elevated odds for Vulnerable mental health status, whereas higher resilience (OR: 0.87) and subjective social status in school (OR: 0.76) were factors associated with reduced odds for this mental health status classification. Female gender (OR: 5.02) was also associated with Troubled mental health status. Similarly, a high level of stress (ORs: 4.08 and 11.36) was associated with Symptomatic but content and Troubled mental health status, and participants with higher levels of resilience had decreased odds for being classified into these groups (ORs: 0.88 and 0.81). The findings highlight the importance of interventions to increase resilience, reduce stress, and address stereotypic gender norms as well as social status hierarchies to support adolescents' mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Hermann
- Child Health And Parenting (CHAP), Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Fredrik Söderqvist
- University Health Care Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro Sweden
- Center for Clinical Research, Uppsala University, County Hospital, Västerås, Sweden
| | - Ann-Christin Karlsson
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Anna Sarkadi
- Child Health And Parenting (CHAP), Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Natalie Durbeej
- Child Health And Parenting (CHAP), Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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Olsson M, Björkelund AJ, Sandberg J, Blomberg A, Börjesson M, Currow D, Malinovschi A, Sköld M, Wollmer P, Torén K, Östgren CJ, Engström G, Ekström M. Factors most strongly associated with breathlessness in a population aged 50-64 years. ERJ Open Res 2024; 10:00582-2023. [PMID: 38529345 PMCID: PMC10962452 DOI: 10.1183/23120541.00582-2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Breathlessness is a troublesome and prevalent symptom in the population, but knowledge of related factors is scarce. The aim of this study was to identify the factors most strongly associated with breathlessness in the general population and to describe the shapes of the associations between the main factors and breathlessness. Methods A cross-sectional analysis was carried out of the multicentre population-based Swedish CArdioPulmonary bioImage Study (SCAPIS) of adults aged 50 to 64 years. Breathlessness was defined as a modified Medical Research Council breathlessness rating ≥2. The machine learning algorithm extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost) was used to classify participants as either breathless or nonbreathless using 449 factors, including physiological measurements, blood samples, computed tomography cardiac and lung measurements, lifestyle, health conditions and socioeconomics. The strength of the associations between the factors and breathlessness were measured by SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP), with higher scores reflecting stronger associations. Results A total of 28 730 participants (52% women) were included in the study. The strongest associated factors for breathlessness were (in order of magnitude): body mass index ( SHAP score 0.39), forced expiratory volume in 1 s (0.32), physical activity measured by accelerometery (0.27), sleep apnoea (0.22), diffusing lung capacity for carbon monoxide (0.21), self-reported physical activity (0.17), chest pain when hurrying (0.17), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (0.17), recent weight change (0.14) and cough (0.13). Conclusion This large population-based study of men and women aged 50-64 years identified the main factors related to breathlessness that may be prevented or amenable to public health interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max Olsson
- Lund University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Respiratory Medicine, Allergology and Palliative Medicine, Lund, Sweden
| | - Anders J. Björkelund
- Lund University, Faculty of Science, Centre for Environmental and Climate Science, Lund, Sweden
| | - Jacob Sandberg
- Lund University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Respiratory Medicine, Allergology and Palliative Medicine, Lund, Sweden
| | - Anders Blomberg
- Umeå University, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Mats Börjesson
- Dept of Molecular and Cardiovascular Medicine, Center for Health and Performance, Sahlgrenska Academy, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Dept MGAÖ, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - David Currow
- Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
| | - Andrei Malinovschi
- Dept of Medical Sciences, Clinical Physiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Magnus Sköld
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Medicine Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergy, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Per Wollmer
- Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Kjell Torén
- Occupational and Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Carl Johan Östgren
- Centre of Medical Image Science and Visualization, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
- Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, Linkoping, Sweden
| | - Gunnar Engström
- Lund University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Magnus Ekström
- Lund University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Respiratory Medicine, Allergology and Palliative Medicine, Lund, Sweden
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Berglund F, Eilertz E, Nimmersjö F, Wolf A, Nordlander C, Palm F, Parenmark F, Westerbergh J, Liss P, Frithiof R. Acute and long-term renal effects after iodine contrast media-enhanced computerised tomography in the critically ill-a retrospective bi-centre cohort study. Eur Radiol 2024; 34:1736-1745. [PMID: 37658144 PMCID: PMC10873227 DOI: 10.1007/s00330-023-10059-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine if current clinical use of iodine contrast media (ICM) for computerised tomography (CT) increases the risk of acute kidney injury (AKI) and long-term decline in renal function in patients treated in intensive care. METHODS A retrospective bi-centre cohort study was performed with critically ill subjects undergoing either ICM-enhanced or unenhanced CT. AKI was defined and staged based on the Kidney Disease Improve Global Outcome AKI criteria, using both creatinine and urine output criteria. Follow-up plasma creatinine was recorded three to six months after CT to assess any long-term effects of ICM on renal function. RESULTS In total, 611 patients were included in the final analysis, median age was 65.0 years (48.0-73.0, quartile 1-quartile 3 (IQR)) and 62.5% were male. Renal replacement therapy was used post-CT in 12.9% and 180-day mortality was 31.2%. Plasma creatinine level on day of CT was 100.0 µmol/L (66.0-166.5, IQR) for non-ICM group and 77.0 µmol/L (59.0-109.0, IQR) for the ICM group. The adjusted odds ratio for developing AKI if the patient received ICM was 1.03 (95% confidence interval 0.64-1.66, p = 0.90). No significant association between ICM and increase in plasma creatinine at long-term follow-up was found, with an adjusted effect size of 2.92 (95% confidence interval - 6.52-12.36, p = 0.543). CONCLUSIONS The results of this study do not indicate an increased risk of AKI or long-term decline in renal function when ICM is used for enhanced CT in patients treated at intensive care units. CLINICAL RELEVANCE STATEMENT Patients treated in intensive care units had no increased risk of acute kidney injury or persistent decline in renal function after contrast-enhanced CT. This information underlines the need for a proper risk-reward assessment before denying patients a contrast-enhanced CT. KEY POINTS • Iodine contrast media is considered a risk factor for the development of acute kidney injury. • Patients receiving iodine contrast media did not have an increased incidence of acute kidney injury or persistent decline in renal function. • A more clearly defined risk of iodine contrast media helps guide clinical decisions whether to perform contrast-enhanced CTs or not.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Berglund
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Radiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Ebba Eilertz
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Fredrik Nimmersjö
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Adam Wolf
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | - Fredrik Palm
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Fredric Parenmark
- Centre for Research and Development, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Johan Westerbergh
- Uppsala Clinical Research Center, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Per Liss
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Radiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Robert Frithiof
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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Hosseini AN, van der Spoel D. Martini on the Rocks: Can a Coarse-Grained Force Field Model Crystals? J Phys Chem Lett 2024; 15:1079-1088. [PMID: 38261634 PMCID: PMC10839907 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.4c00012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
Computational chemistry is an important tool in numerous scientific disciplines, including drug discovery and structural biology. Coarse-grained models offer simple representations of molecular systems that enable simulations of large-scale systems. Because there has been an increase in the adoption of such models for simulations of biomolecular systems, critical evaluation is warranted. Here, the stability of the amyloid peptide and organic crystals is evaluated using the Martini 3 coarse-grained force field. The crystals change shape drastically during the simulations. Radial distribution functions show that the distance between backbone beads in β-sheets increases by ∼1 Å, breaking the crystals. The melting points of organic compounds are much too low in the Martini force field. This suggests that Martini 3 lacks the specific interactions needed to accurately simulate peptides or organic crystals without imposing artificial restraints. The problems may be exacerbated by the use of the 12-6 potential, suggesting that a softer potential could improve this model for crystal simulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Najla Hosseini
- Department of Cell and Molecular
Biology, Uppsala University, Box 596, SE-75124 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - David van der Spoel
- Department of Cell and Molecular
Biology, Uppsala University, Box 596, SE-75124 Uppsala, Sweden
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Tkachenko O, Nikolaichuk A, Fihurka N, Backhaus A, Zimmerman JB, Strømme M, Budnyak TM. Kraft Lignin-Derived Microporous Nitrogen-Doped Carbon Adsorbent for Air and Water Purification. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2024; 16:3427-3441. [PMID: 38194630 PMCID: PMC10811628 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c15659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
The study presents a streamlined one-step process for producing highly porous, metal-free, N-doped activated carbon (N-AC) for CO2 capture and herbicide removal from simulated industrially polluted and real environmental systems. N-AC was prepared from kraft lignin─a carbon-rich and abundant byproduct of the pulp industry, using nitric acid as the activator and urea as the N-dopant. The reported carbonization process under a nitrogen atmosphere renders a product with a high yield of 30% even at high temperatures up to 800 °C. N-AC exhibited a substantial high N content (4-5%), the presence of aliphatic and phenolic OH groups, and a notable absence of carboxylic groups, as confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and Boehm's titration. Porosity analysis indicated that micropores constituted the majority of the pore structure, with 86% of pores having diameters less than 0.6 nm. According to BET adsorption analysis, the developed porous structure of N-AC boasted a substantial specific surface area of 1000 m2 g-1. N-AC proved to be a promising adsorbent for air and water purification. Specifically, N-AC exhibited a strong affinity for CO2, with an adsorption capacity of 1.4 mmol g-1 at 0.15 bar and 20 °C, and it demonstrated the highest selectivity over N2 from the simulated flue gas system (27.3 mmol g-1 for 15:85 v/v CO2/N2 at 20 °C) among all previously reported nitrogen-doped AC materials from kraft lignin. Moreover, N-AC displayed excellent reusability and efficient CO2 release, maintaining an adsorption capacity of 3.1 mmol g-1 (at 1 bar and 25 °C) over 10 consecutive adsorption-desorption cycles, confirming N-AC as a useful material for CO2 storage and utilization. The unique cationic nature of N-AC enhanced the adsorption of herbicides in neutral and weakly basic environments, which is relevant for real waters. It exhibited an impressive adsorption capacity for the herbicide 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) at 96 ± 6 mg g-1 under pH 6 and 25 °C according to the Langmuir-Freundlich model. Notably, N-AC preserves its high adsorption capacity toward 2,4-D from simulated groundwater and runoff from tomato greenhouse, while performance in real samples from Fyris river in Uppsala, Sweden, causes a decrease of only 4-5%. Owing to the one-step process, high yield, annual abundance of kraft lignin, and use of environmentally friendly activating agents, N-AC has substantial potential for large-scale industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleg Tkachenko
- Division
of Nanotechnology and Functional Materials, Department of Materials
Science and Engineering, The Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Lägerhyddsvägen 1, Uppsala 751 03, Sweden
| | - Alina Nikolaichuk
- Division
of Nanotechnology and Functional Materials, Department of Materials
Science and Engineering, The Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Lägerhyddsvägen 1, Uppsala 751 03, Sweden
| | - Nataliia Fihurka
- Division
of Nanotechnology and Functional Materials, Department of Materials
Science and Engineering, The Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Lägerhyddsvägen 1, Uppsala 751 03, Sweden
| | - Andreas Backhaus
- Center
for Green Chemistry and Green Engineering, School of the Environment, Yale University, 195 Prospect Street, New
Haven, Connecticut 06511, United States
| | - Julie B. Zimmerman
- Center
for Green Chemistry and Green Engineering, School of the Environment, Yale University, 195 Prospect Street, New
Haven, Connecticut 06511, United States
| | - Maria Strømme
- Division
of Nanotechnology and Functional Materials, Department of Materials
Science and Engineering, The Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Lägerhyddsvägen 1, Uppsala 751 03, Sweden
| | - Tetyana M. Budnyak
- Division
of Nanotechnology and Functional Materials, Department of Materials
Science and Engineering, The Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Lägerhyddsvägen 1, Uppsala 751 03, Sweden
- Center
for Green Chemistry and Green Engineering, School of the Environment, Yale University, 195 Prospect Street, New
Haven, Connecticut 06511, United States
- Department
of Earth Sciences, Uppsala University, P.O. Box 256, Uppsala 751 05, Sweden
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10
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Davies J, Lyonnet JR, Carvalho B, Sahoo B, Day CS, Juliá-Hernández F, Duan Y, Álvaro Velasco-Rubio, Obst M, Norrby PO, Hopmann KH, Martin R. Kinetically-Controlled Ni-Catalyzed Direct Carboxylation of Unactivated Secondary Alkyl Bromides without Chain Walking. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:1753-1759. [PMID: 38193812 PMCID: PMC10824404 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c11205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
Herein, we report the direct carboxylation of unactivated secondary alkyl bromides enabled by the merger of photoredox and nickel catalysis, a previously inaccessible endeavor in the carboxylation arena. Site-selectivity is dictated by a kinetically controlled insertion of CO2 at the initial C(sp3)-Br site by the rapid formation of Ni(I)-alkyl species, thus avoiding undesired β-hydride elimination and chain-walking processes. Preliminary mechanistic experiments reveal the subtleties of stereoelectronic effects for guiding the reactivity and site-selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Davies
- Institute
of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Julien R. Lyonnet
- Institute
of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
- Universitat
Rovira i Virgili, Departament de Química
Orgànica, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Bjørn Carvalho
- Department
of Chemistry, UiT The Arctic University
of Norway, N-9307 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Basudev Sahoo
- Institute
of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Craig S. Day
- Institute
of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
- Universitat
Rovira i Virgili, Departament de Química
Orgànica, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Francisco Juliá-Hernández
- Institute
of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Yaya Duan
- Institute
of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Álvaro Velasco-Rubio
- Institute
of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Marc Obst
- Department
of Chemistry, UiT The Arctic University
of Norway, N-9307 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Per-Ola Norrby
- Data
Science & Modelling, Pharmaceutical Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca Gothenburg, SE-431 83 Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Kathrin H. Hopmann
- Department
of Chemistry, UiT The Arctic University
of Norway, N-9307 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Ruben Martin
- Institute
of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
- ICREA, 08010 Barcelona, Spain
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11
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Kåks P, Stansert Katzen L, Målqvist M, Bergström A, Herzig van Wees S. Implementing a social innovation for community-based peer support for immigrant mothers in Sweden: a mixed-methods process evaluation. Front Public Health 2024; 11:1332738. [PMID: 38283291 PMCID: PMC10821792 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1332738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction A South African social innovation based on peer support for mothers was contextualized in southern Sweden. The objective of the project was to support expectant women and mothers of young children in immigrant communities to access public services that would benefit maternal and child health. This study aimed to assess how the intervention was implemented, what the contextual barriers and facilitators were, and how the implementation was perceived by those who delivered and received it. Methods The study used mixed methods with a convergent parallel design and followed the Medical Research Council guidance on process evaluations of complex interventions. Semi-structured interviews (n = 19) were conducted with peer supporters, client mothers, and key stakeholders involved in the intervention. The qualitative data were analyzed using content analysis. Quantitative data on peer supporters' activities were collected during contacts with client mothers and were presented descriptively. Results The five peer supporters had 1,294 contacts with client mothers, of which 507 were first-time contacts. The reach was perceived as wide, and the dose of the intervention was tailored to individual needs. Barriers to implementation included community mistrust of social services, norms on gender roles and parenting, and funding challenges. The implementation was facilitated by the organization's reputation, network, experience, and third-sector affiliation. Peer supporters tended to prioritize linking clients to other services over the educational components of the intervention, sometimes doing more than what was originally planned. Implementation strategies used included building trust, using multiple outreach venues, using internal support structures, and providing practical assistance as an entry point to comprehensive psychosocial support. The personal connection between peer supporters and clients was highly valued, and the building of relationships enabled them to address sensitive topics. Peer supporters sometimes experienced a blurred line between professional and personal roles. Conclusions Peer supporters used a variety of strategies to navigate identified barriers and facilitators. Trust was central both as a contextual factor and a strategy for implementation. It is valuable to maintain a balance between flexibility and adherence to the function of peer supporters. Further research is needed to evaluate the effects of the intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Per Kåks
- SWEDESD, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Linnea Stansert Katzen
- SWEDESD, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Mats Målqvist
- SWEDESD, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Anna Bergström
- SWEDESD, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Sibylle Herzig van Wees
- SWEDESD, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
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12
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Gustafsson H, Kozdra M, Smit B, Barthel S, Mace A. Predicting Ion Diffusion from the Shape of Potential Energy Landscapes. J Chem Theory Comput 2024; 20:18-29. [PMID: 38113514 PMCID: PMC10782449 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.3c01005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
We present an efficient method to compute diffusion coefficients of multiparticle systems with strong interactions directly from the geometry and topology of the potential energy field of the migrating particles. The approach is tested on Li-ion diffusion in crystalline inorganic solids, predicting Li-ion diffusion coefficients within 1 order of magnitude of molecular dynamics simulations at the same level of theory while being several orders of magnitude faster. The speed and transferability of our workflow make it well-suited for extensive and efficient screening studies of crystalline solid-state ion conductor candidates and promise to serve as a platform for diffusion prediction even up to the density functional level of theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannes Gustafsson
- Department
of Chemistry—Ångström, Uppsala University, Uppsala SE-751 21, Sweden
| | - Melania Kozdra
- Department
of Chemistry—Ångström, Uppsala University, Uppsala SE-751 21, Sweden
| | - Berend Smit
- Institut
des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Valais, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Rue de l’Industrie 17, Sion CH-1951, Switzerland
| | - Senja Barthel
- Department
of Mathematics, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam 1081 HV, Netherlands
| | - Amber Mace
- Department
of Chemistry—Ångström, Uppsala University, Uppsala SE-751 21, Sweden
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13
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Ekenberg M, Qvarnström M, Sundström A, Martinell M, Wettermark B. Socioeconomic factors associated with poor medication adherence in patients with type 2 diabetes. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 2024; 80:53-63. [PMID: 37870618 PMCID: PMC10781833 DOI: 10.1007/s00228-023-03571-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aims to determine initiation and persistence for patients with type 2 diabetes receiving their first prescription of an antidiabetic agent and the associations with socioeconomic factors. METHODS A cohort study including 8515 patients with type 2 diabetes who were prescribed their first antidiabetic medication between 2012 and 2019 in Uppsala, Sweden, was followed during 2 years. Medical records were linked to national registers on dispensed drugs and socioeconomic data. Adherence was assessed based on patients' medication claims within 30 days of prescription (initiation) and continued claims after 24 months (persistence). Multivariable logistic regression was used to determine the associations with the socioeconomic factors age, sex, living status, country of birth, education, occupation, and income. RESULTS Within 30 days, 92.4% of the patients claimed their first prescription, and 64.0% were still being dispensed the initially prescribed medication after 24 months. Unemployed patients had lower initiation rates, and women had lower persistence rates. Factors associated with both low initiation and persistence were low income, young or old age, birth outside Europe, and being prescribed other diabetes drugs than metformin monotherapy. CONCLUSION Socioeconomic factors have different impact on the initiation of a new medication and the persistence to treatment in type 2 diabetes. It is important to acknowledge these differences to develop appropriate interventions to improve medication nonadherence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Ekenberg
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Miriam Qvarnström
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Anders Sundström
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Mats Martinell
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Björn Wettermark
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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14
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Engström G, Lampa E, Dekkers K, Lin YT, Ahlm K, Ahlström H, Alfredsson J, Bergström G, Blomberg A, Brandberg J, Caidahl K, Cederlund K, Duvernoy O, Engvall JE, Eriksson MJ, Fall T, Gigante B, Gummesson A, Hagström E, Hamrefors V, Hedner J, Janzon M, Jernberg T, Johnson L, Lind L, Lindberg E, Mannila M, Nilsson U, Persson A, Persson HL, Persson M, Ramnemark A, Rosengren A, Schmidt C, Skoglund Larsson L, Sköld CM, Swahn E, Söderberg S, Torén K, Waldenström A, Wollmer P, Zaigham S, Östgren CJ, Sundström J. Pulmonary function and atherosclerosis in the general population: causal associations and clinical implications. Eur J Epidemiol 2024; 39:35-49. [PMID: 38165527 PMCID: PMC10811042 DOI: 10.1007/s10654-023-01088-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Reduced lung function is associated with cardiovascular mortality, but the relationships with atherosclerosis are unclear. The population-based Swedish CArdioPulmonary BioImage study measured lung function, emphysema, coronary CT angiography, coronary calcium, carotid plaques and ankle-brachial index in 29,593 men and women aged 50-64 years. The results were confirmed using 2-sample Mendelian randomization. Lower lung function and emphysema were associated with more atherosclerosis, but these relationships were attenuated after adjustment for cardiovascular risk factors. Lung function was not associated with coronary atherosclerosis in 14,524 never-smokers. No potentially causal effect of lung function on atherosclerosis, or vice versa, was found in the 2-sample Mendelian randomization analysis. Here we show that reduced lung function and atherosclerosis are correlated in the population, but probably not causally related. Assessing lung function in addition to conventional cardiovascular risk factors to gauge risk of subclinical atherosclerosis is probably not meaningful, but low lung function found by chance should alert for atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gunnar Engström
- Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
| | - Erik Lampa
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Koen Dekkers
- Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Epidemiology and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Yi-Ting Lin
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institute, Huddinge, Sweden
- Department of Family Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
| | - Kristin Ahlm
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Section of Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Håkan Ahlström
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Section of Radiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- BFC, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
- Antaros Medical AB, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Joakim Alfredsson
- Department of Cardiology, Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Unit of Cardiovascular Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Göran Bergström
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Clinical Physiology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anders Blomberg
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Section of Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - John Brandberg
- Department of Radiology, Region Västra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Radiology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Kenneth Caidahl
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Sahlgrenska Academy, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Kerstin Cederlund
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Olov Duvernoy
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Section of Radiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jan E Engvall
- CMIV, Centre of Medical Image Science and Visualization, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Physiology; Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Maria J Eriksson
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tove Fall
- Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Epidemiology and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Bruna Gigante
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Science, Danderyd University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anders Gummesson
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Genetics and Genomics, Region Västra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Emil Hagström
- Department of Medical Sciences, Cardiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Uppsala Clinical Research Center, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Viktor Hamrefors
- Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Department of Cardiology, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Jan Hedner
- Pulmonary Department, Sleep Disorders Center, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Center of Sleep and Wake Disorders, Sahlgrenska Academy, Gothenburg University, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Magnus Janzon
- Department of Cardiology, Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Unit of Cardiovascular Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Tomas Jernberg
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Danderyd University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Linda Johnson
- Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Lars Lind
- Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Epidemiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Eva Lindberg
- Department of Medical Sciences, Respiratory, Allergy and Sleep Research, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Maria Mannila
- Heart and Vascular Theme, Department of Cardiology, and Clinical Genetics, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ulf Nilsson
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Section of Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Anders Persson
- CMIV, Centre of Medical Image Science and Visualization, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
- Department of Radiology, Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Huddinge University Hospital, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hans Lennart Persson
- Respiratory Medicine, Department of Medical and Health Sciences (IMH), Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Margaretha Persson
- Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Department of Internal Medicine, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Anna Ramnemark
- Department of Community Medicine and Rehabilitation, Geriatric Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Annika Rosengren
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Medicine Geriatrics and Emergency Medicine, Sahlgrenska University Hospital Östra Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Caroline Schmidt
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | - C Magnus Sköld
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergy, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
- Respiratory Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine Solna and Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Eva Swahn
- Department of Cardiology, Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Unit of Cardiovascular Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Stefan Söderberg
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Section of Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Kjell Torén
- Section of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anders Waldenström
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Section of Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Per Wollmer
- Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Suneela Zaigham
- Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Carl Johan Östgren
- CMIV, Centre of Medical Image Science and Visualization, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
- Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Johan Sundström
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- The George Institute for Global Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
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Siegbahn A, Eriksson N, Assarsson E, Lundberg M, Ballagi A, Held C, Stewart RAH, White HD, Åberg M, Wallentin L. Development and validation of a quantitative Proximity Extension Assay instrument with 21 proteins associated with cardiovascular risk (CVD-21). PLoS One 2023; 18:e0293465. [PMID: 37963145 PMCID: PMC10645335 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0293465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Treatment of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) is a substantial burden to healthcare systems worldwide. New tools are needed to improve precision of treatment by optimizing the balance between efficacy, safety, and cost. We developed a high-throughput multi-marker decision support instrument which simultaneously quantifies proteins associated with CVD. METHODS AND FINDINGS Candidate proteins independently associated with different clinical outcomes were selected from clinical studies by the screening of 368 circulating biomarkers. We then custom-designed a quantitative PEA-panel with 21 proteins (CVD-21) by including recombinant antigens as calibrator samples for normalization and absolute quantification of the proteins. The utility of the CVD-21 tool was evaluated in plasma samples from a case-control cohort of 4224 patients with chronic coronary syndrome (CCS) using multivariable Cox regression analyses and machine learning techniques. The assays in the CVD-21 tool gave good precision and high sensitivity with lower level of determination (LOD) between 0.03-0.7 pg/ml for five of the biomarkers. The dynamic range for the assays was sufficient to accurately quantify the biomarkers in the validation study except for troponin I, which in the modeling was replaced by high-sensitive cardiac troponin T (hs-TnT). We created seven different multimarker models, including a reference model with NT-proBNP, hs-TnT, GDF-15, IL-6, and cystatin C and one model with only clinical variables, for the comparison of the discriminative value of the CVD-21 tool. All models with biomarkers including hs-TnT provided similar discrimination for all outcomes, e.g. c-index between 0.68-0.86 and outperformed models using only clinical variables. Most important prognostic biomarkers were MMP-12, U-PAR, REN, VEGF-D, FGF-23, TFF3, ADM, and SCF. CONCLUSIONS The CVD-21 tool is the very first instrument which with PEA simultaneously quantifies 21 proteins with associations to different CVD. Novel pathophysiologic and prognostic information beyond that of established biomarkers were identified by a number of proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agneta Siegbahn
- Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Chemistry, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Uppsala Clinical Research Center, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Niclas Eriksson
- Uppsala Clinical Research Center, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | | | | | - Claes Held
- Uppsala Clinical Research Center, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Medical Sciences, Cardiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ralph A. H. Stewart
- Green Lane Cardiovascular Service, Te Whatu Ora Health New Zealand, Te Toka Tumai Auckland and University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Harvey D. White
- Green Lane Cardiovascular Service, Te Whatu Ora Health New Zealand, Te Toka Tumai Auckland and University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Mikael Åberg
- Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Chemistry, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Lars Wallentin
- Uppsala Clinical Research Center, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Medical Sciences, Cardiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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Wood S, Iacobelli R, Kopfer S, Lindblad C, Thelin EP, Fletcher-Sandersjöö A, Broman LM. Predictors of intracranial hemorrhage in neonatal patients on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. Sci Rep 2023; 13:19249. [PMID: 37935800 PMCID: PMC10630488 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-46243-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is a life-supportive treatment in neonatal patients with refractory lung and/or heart failure. Intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) is a severe complication and reliable predictors are warranted. The aims of this study were to explore the incidence and possible predictors of ICH in ECMO-treated neonatal patients. We performed a single-center retrospective observational cohort study. Patients aged ≤ 28 days treated with ECMO between 2010 and 2018 were included. Exclusion criteria were ICH, ischemic stroke, cerebrovascular malformation before ECMO initiation or detected within 12 h of admission, ECMO treatment < 12 h, or prior treatment with ECMO at another facility > 12 h. The primary outcome was a CT-verified ICH. Logistic regression models were employed to identify possible predictors of the primary outcome. Of the 223 patients included, 29 (13%) developed an ICH during ECMO treatment. Thirty-day mortality was 59% in the ICH group and 16% in the non-ICH group (p < 0.0001). Lower gestational age (p < 0.01, odds ratio (OR) 0.96; 95%CI 0.94-0.98), and higher pre-ECMO lactate levels (p = 0.017, OR 1.1; 95%CI 1.01-1.18) were independently associated with increased risk of ICH-development. In the clinical setting, identification of risk factors and multimodal neuromonitoring could help initiate steps that lower the risk of ICH in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Wood
- ECMO Centre Karolinska, Intensive Care and Transport, Pediatric Perioperative Medicine and Intensive Care, Karolinska University Hospital, Akademiska Stråket 14, 171 76, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Riccardo Iacobelli
- ECMO Centre Karolinska, Intensive Care and Transport, Pediatric Perioperative Medicine and Intensive Care, Karolinska University Hospital, Akademiska Stråket 14, 171 76, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Sarah Kopfer
- ECMO Centre Karolinska, Intensive Care and Transport, Pediatric Perioperative Medicine and Intensive Care, Karolinska University Hospital, Akademiska Stråket 14, 171 76, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Caroline Lindblad
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Neurosurgery, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Eric Peter Thelin
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Neurology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Alexander Fletcher-Sandersjöö
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Neurosurgery, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lars Mikael Broman
- ECMO Centre Karolinska, Intensive Care and Transport, Pediatric Perioperative Medicine and Intensive Care, Karolinska University Hospital, Akademiska Stråket 14, 171 76, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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17
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Kahraman AT, Fröding T, Toumpanakis D, Sladoje N, Sjöblom T. Automated detection, segmentation and measurement of major vessels and the trachea in CT pulmonary angiography. Sci Rep 2023; 13:18407. [PMID: 37891213 PMCID: PMC10611811 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-45509-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Mediastinal structure measurements are important for the radiologist's review of computed tomography pulmonary angiography (CTPA) examinations. In the reporting process, radiologists make measurements of diameters, volumes, and organ densities for image quality assessment and risk stratification. However, manual measurement of these features is time consuming. Here, we sought to develop a time-saving automated algorithm that can accurately detect, segment and measure mediastinal structures in routine clinical CTPA examinations. In this study, 700 CTPA examinations collected and annotated. Of these, a training set of 180 examinations were used to develop a fully automated deterministic algorithm. On the test set of 520 examinations, two radiologists validated the detection and segmentation performance quantitatively, and ground truth was annotated to validate the measurement performance. External validation was performed in 47 CTPAs from two independent datasets. The system had 86-100% detection and segmentation accuracy in the different tasks. The automatic measurements correlated well to those of the radiologist (Pearson's r 0.68-0.99). Taken together, the fully automated algorithm accurately detected, segmented, and measured mediastinal structures in routine CTPA examinations having an adequate representation of common artifacts and medical conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali T Kahraman
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, 751 85, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Tomas Fröding
- Department of Radiology, Nyköping Hospital, 611 39, Nyköping, Sweden
| | - Dimitrios Toumpanakis
- Department of Radiology, Uppsala University Hospital, 751 85, Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, 751 85, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Nataša Sladoje
- Centre for Image Analysis, Department of Information Technology, Uppsala University, 751 05, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Tobias Sjöblom
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, 751 85, Uppsala, Sweden.
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18
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Rafsan A, Rahman A, Akter S, Yeachin N, Faruqe T, Deb GK, Ha T, Hossain KS, Hossain MT, Kafi MA, Choi JW. Facile synthesis of CuONPs using Citrus limon juice for enhancing antibacterial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, beta-lactamase and tetracycline-resistant Escherichia coli. RSC Adv 2023; 13:29363-29375. [PMID: 37818266 PMCID: PMC10561029 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra04985j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) resulting from indiscriminate use of antibiotics in various fields of agriculture such as livestock farming, aquaculture, and croup fields become an emerging catatroph for the health (human, animal) and environment. Among those, poultry farming has been considered as one of the major contributors of multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria. Focusing this, the present research is designed for green synthesis of copper oxide nanoparticles (CuONPs) with the aim of their application in antibiotic-free poultry farming for curving use of antibiotics in that sector. For that, antibacterial CuONPs were nanoformulated to decrease the required doses of bulk CuSO4. We used a CuSO4·5H2O solution as a Cu2+ source and Citrus limon juice as a reducing agent as well as capping agent. Particle yield was initially confirmed by the λmax specific to CuONPs (295 nm) using UV-Vis spectroscopy. The presence of the Cu-O group during particle formation and crystallinity with the purity of yielded NPs was confirmed with Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray diffractometry. The round to spherical CuONPs of 92-155 nm average size was confirmed with atomic force, scanning electron, and transmission electron microscopy. The concentration of yielded NPs was calculated with the dynamic light scattering. The physical characterization tools indicated a maximum CuONPs yield with a 0.001 M ion source with 15% reducing agents after 12 h reduction. Antibacterial effectivity was tested against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and tetracycline- and beta-lactamase-resistant Escherichia coli, confirmed by PCR amplicon band at 163 bp, 643 bp, and 577 bp for the mecA, blaTEM-1 and tetA genes, respectively. An antibiogram assay of CuONPs showed a maximum zone of inhibition of 26 ± 0.5 mm for the synthesized particles. The minimum inhibitory and bactericidal concentrations were 1.6 μg ml-1 and 3.1 μg ml-1, respectively, for broad-spectrum application. Finally, the biocompatibility of CuONPs was determined by demonstrating a nonsignificant decrease of BHK-21 cell viability at <2 MIC doses for complying their future in vivo applicability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah Rafsan
- Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Bangladesh Agricultural University Mymensingh-2202 Bangladesh
| | - Aminur Rahman
- Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Bangladesh Agricultural University Mymensingh-2202 Bangladesh
| | - Samia Akter
- Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Bangladesh Agricultural University Mymensingh-2202 Bangladesh
| | - Nymul Yeachin
- Department of Physics, University of Dhaka Dhaka-1000 Bangladesh
| | - Tania Faruqe
- Experimental Physics Division, Atomic Energy Centre Dhaka Bangladesh
| | - Gautam Kumar Deb
- Department of Biotechnology, Bangladesh Livestock Research Institute Savar 1341 Dhaka Bangladesh
| | - Taehyeong Ha
- Department of Chemical and Bimolecular Engineering, Sogang University Seoul 04107 Republic of Korea
| | | | - Muhammad Tofazzal Hossain
- Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Bangladesh Agricultural University Mymensingh-2202 Bangladesh
| | - Md Abdul Kafi
- Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Bangladesh Agricultural University Mymensingh-2202 Bangladesh
| | - Jeong-Woo Choi
- Department of Chemical and Bimolecular Engineering, Sogang University Seoul 04107 Republic of Korea
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19
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Persson I, Sampaio F, Samkharadze T, Ssegonja R, Johansen K. Impact of developmental coordination disorder in childhood on educational outcomes in adulthood among neonatal intensive care recipients: a register-based longitudinal cohort study. BMJ Open 2023; 13:e071563. [PMID: 37748851 PMCID: PMC10533808 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-071563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Developmental coordination disorder (DCD) is related to poorer educational outcomes among children and adolescents. Evidence on this association into adulthood is lacking. Therefore, we aimed to investigate whether probable DCD (pDCD) in childhood affected educational outcomes among adults, and whether this was affected by sex or a co-occurring attention deficit in childhood. DESIGN Register-based longitudinal cohort study. SETTING Neonatal intensive care (NIC) recipients born at Uppsala University Children's Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden, from 1986 to 1989 until they reached the age of 28. PARTICIPANTS 185 NIC recipients. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES At the age of 6.5, 46 (24.6%) of the NIC recipients were diagnosed with pDCD. Using register-based longitudinal data, we compared participants with and without pDCD in terms of: (1) age at Upper Secondary School (USS) graduation, and (2) highest level of education achieved by age 28. RESULTS The median age at USS graduation was 19 years, with similar graduation ages and ranges between those with or without pDCD. However, a higher proportion of participants without pDCD had graduated from USS at ages 19 and 24. By age 29, most participants had completed USS. At age 28, 33% of participants had attained a bachelor's or master's degree. Although there was no significant difference between the groups, the proportion that had attained a degree was higher among those without pDCD and women without pDCD had achieved the highest level of education. Educational outcomes remained similar for those with pDCD, regardless of childhood attention deficit. CONCLUSIONS pDCD during childhood may have a lasting impact on educational outcomes, particularly among women. Raising awareness of DCD among parents, health and educational professionals is vital for early identification and the provision of appropriate support and interventions in schools, mitigating the potential negative consequences associated with DCD and promoting positive educational outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isak Persson
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Filipa Sampaio
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Tengiz Samkharadze
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Richard Ssegonja
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Kine Johansen
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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20
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Lindman J, Yadav A, Gising J, Larhed M. Two-Chamber Aminocarbonylation of Aryl Bromides and Triflates Using Amino Acids as Nucleophiles. J Org Chem 2023; 88:12978-12985. [PMID: 37639573 PMCID: PMC10507664 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c00972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
A palladium(0)-catalyzed aminocarbonylation reaction employing molybdenum hexacarbonyl as a carbon monoxide precursor for the production of N-capped amino acids using aryl and heteroaryl bromides and triflates is reported. The carbon monoxide is formed ex situ through the use of a two-chamber system, where carbon monoxide generated in one chamber is free to diffuse over and be consumed in the other palladium-catalyzed reaction chamber. Using this method, two series of aryl bromides and aryl triflates were utilized to synthesize 21 N-capped amino acids in isolated yields between 40 and 91%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens Lindman
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala University, Husargatan 3, SE-751
23 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Anubha Yadav
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala University, Husargatan 3, SE-751
23 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Johan Gising
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala University, Husargatan 3, SE-751
23 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Mats Larhed
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala University, Husargatan 3, SE-751
23 Uppsala, Sweden
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21
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Pesonen I, Johansson F, Johnsson Å, Blomberg A, Boijsen M, Brandberg J, Cederlund K, Egesten A, Emilsson ÖI, Engvall JE, Frølich A, Hagström E, Lindberg E, Malinovschi A, Stenfors N, Swahn E, Tanash H, Themudo R, Torén K, Vanfleteren LE, Wollmer P, Zaigham S, Östgren CJ, Sköld CM. High prevalence of interstitial lung abnormalities in middle-aged never-smokers. ERJ Open Res 2023; 9:00035-2023. [PMID: 37753274 PMCID: PMC10518870 DOI: 10.1183/23120541.00035-2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Interstitial lung abnormalities (ILA) are incidental findings on chest computed tomography (CT). These patterns can present at an early stage of fibrotic lung disease. Our aim was to estimate the prevalence of ILA in the Swedish population, in particular in never-smokers, and find out its association with demographics, comorbidities and symptoms. Methods Participants were recruited to the Swedish CArdioPulmonary BioImage Study (SCAPIS), a population-based survey including men and women aged 50-64 years performed at six university hospitals in Sweden. CT scan, spirometry and questionnaires were performed. ILA were defined as cysts, ground-glass opacities, reticular abnormality, bronchiectasis and honeycombing. Findings Out of 29 521 participants, 14 487 were never-smokers and 14 380 were men. In the whole population, 2870 (9.7%) had ILA of which 134 (0.5%) were fibrotic. In never-smokers, the prevalence was 7.9% of which 0.3% were fibrotic. In the whole population, age, smoking history, chronic bronchitis, cancer, coronary artery calcium score and high-sensitive C-reactive protein were associated with ILA. Both ILA and fibrotic ILA were associated with restrictive spirometric pattern and impaired diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide. However, individuals with ILA did not report more symptoms compared with individuals without ILA. Interpretation ILA are common in a middle-aged Swedish population including never-smokers. ILA may be at risk of being underdiagnosed among never-smokers since they are not a target for screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ida Pesonen
- Respiratory Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine Solna and Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergy, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Åse Johnsson
- Region Västra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Department of Radiology, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Radiology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anders Blomberg
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Section of Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Marianne Boijsen
- Region Västra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Department of Radiology, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Radiology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - John Brandberg
- Region Västra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Department of Radiology, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Radiology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Kerstin Cederlund
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Arne Egesten
- Respiratory Medicine, Allergology, and Palliative Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University and Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Össur Ingi Emilsson
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
- Department of Medical Sciences, Respiratory, Allergy and Sleep Research, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jan E. Engvall
- CMIV, Centre of Medical Image Science and Visualization, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Physiology, and Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Andreas Frølich
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Section of Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Emil Hagström
- Department of Medical Sciences, Cardiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Uppsala Clinical Research Center, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Eva Lindberg
- Department of Medical Sciences, Respiratory, Allergy and Sleep Research, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Andrei Malinovschi
- Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Physiology, Uppsala University, Sweden
| | - Nikolai Stenfors
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Section of Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Eva Swahn
- Department of Cardiology and Department of Health, Medicine, and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Hanan Tanash
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Raquel Themudo
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology at Karolinska Institute, Division of Medical Imaging and Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Radiology, Karolinska University Hospital in Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kjell Torén
- Section of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Lowie E.G.W. Vanfleteren
- COPD Center, Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Per Wollmer
- Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Suneela Zaigham
- Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Physiology, Uppsala University, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Carl Johan Östgren
- CMIV, Centre of Medical Image Science and Visualization, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
- Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - C. Magnus Sköld
- Respiratory Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine Solna and Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergy, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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Forooqi Motlaq V, Gedda L, Edwards K, Doutch J, Bergström LM. Spontaneous Formation of Ultrasmall Unilamellar Vesicles in Mixtures of an Amphiphilic Drug and a Phospholipid. Langmuir 2023; 39:11337-11344. [PMID: 37530182 PMCID: PMC10433524 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c01023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
We have observed ultrasmall unilamellar vesicles, with diameters of less than 20 nm, in mixtures of the tricyclic antidepressant drug amitriptyline hydrochloride (AMT) and the unsaturated zwitterionic phospholipid 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DOPC) in physiological saline solution. The size and shape of spontaneously formed self-assembled aggregates have been characterized using complementary techniques, i.e., small-angle neutron and X-ray scattering (SANS and SAXS) and cryo-transmission electron microscopy (cryo-TEM). We observe rodlike mixed micelles in more concentrated samples that grow considerably in length upon dilution, and a transition from micelles to vesicles is observed as the concentration approaches the critical micelle concentration of AMT. Unlike the micelles, the spontaneously formed vesicles decrease in size with each step of dilution, and ultrasmall unilamellar vesicles, with diameters as small as about 15 nm, were observed at the lowest concentrations. The spontaneously formed ultrasmall unilamellar vesicles maintain their size for as long we have investigated them (i.e., several months). To the best of our knowledge, such small vesicles have never before been reported to form spontaneously in a biocompatible phospholipid-based system. Most interestingly, the size of the vesicles was observed to be strongly dependent on the chemical structure of the phospholipid, and in mixtures of AMT and the phospholipid 1,2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DMPC), the vesicles were observed to be considerably larger in size. The self-assembly behavior in the phospholipid-drug surfactant system in many ways resembles the formation of equilibrium micelles and vesicles in mixed anionic/cationic surfactant systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vahid Forooqi Motlaq
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala University, P.O. Box 547, 751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Lars Gedda
- Department
of Chemistry—Ångström, P.O. Box 573, Uppsala University, 751
23 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Katarina Edwards
- Department
of Chemistry—Ångström, P.O. Box 573, Uppsala University, 751
23 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - James Doutch
- ISIS
Neutron and Muon Source, STFC, Rutherford
Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Campus, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, United Kingdom
| | - L. Magnus Bergström
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala University, P.O. Box 547, 751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
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23
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Dufils T, Knijff L, Shao Y, Zhang C. PiNNwall: Heterogeneous Electrode Models from Integrating Machine Learning and Atomistic Simulation. J Chem Theory Comput 2023; 19:5199-5209. [PMID: 37477645 PMCID: PMC10413855 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.3c00359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
Electrochemical energy storage always involves the capacitive process. The prevailing electrode model used in the molecular simulation of polarizable electrode-electrolyte systems is the Siepmann-Sprik model developed for perfect metal electrodes. This model has been recently extended to study the metallicity in the electrode by including the Thomas-Fermi screening length. Nevertheless, a further extension to heterogeneous electrode models requires introducing chemical specificity, which does not have any analytical recipes. Here, we address this challenge by integrating the atomistic machine learning code (PiNN) for generating the base charge and response kernel and the classical molecular dynamics code (MetalWalls) dedicated to the modeling of electrochemical systems, and this leads to the development of the PiNNwall interface. Apart from the cases of chemically doped graphene and graphene oxide electrodes as shown in this study, the PiNNwall interface also allows us to probe polarized oxide surfaces in which both the proton charge and the electronic charge can coexist. Therefore, this work opens the door for modeling heterogeneous and complex electrode materials often found in energy storage systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Dufils
- Department of Chemistry-Ångström
Laboratory, Uppsala University, Lägerhyddsvägen 1, P. O. Box 538, 75121 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Lisanne Knijff
- Department of Chemistry-Ångström
Laboratory, Uppsala University, Lägerhyddsvägen 1, P. O. Box 538, 75121 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Yunqi Shao
- Department of Chemistry-Ångström
Laboratory, Uppsala University, Lägerhyddsvägen 1, P. O. Box 538, 75121 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Chao Zhang
- Department of Chemistry-Ångström
Laboratory, Uppsala University, Lägerhyddsvägen 1, P. O. Box 538, 75121 Uppsala, Sweden
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Willows TM, Oliwa J, Onyango O, Mkumbo E, Maiba J, Schell CO, Baker T, McKnight J. COVID-19 and unintended steps towards further equity in global health research. BMJ Glob Health 2023; 8:e011888. [PMID: 37328283 PMCID: PMC10276961 DOI: 10.1136/bmjgh-2023-011888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023] Open
Abstract
There was, and possibly still is, potential for COVID-19 to disrupt power inequities and contribute to positive transformation in global health research that increases equity. While there is consensus about the need to decolonise by transforming global health, and a roadmap outlining how we could approach it, there are few examples of steps that could be taken to transform the mechanics of global health research. This paper contributes lessons learnt from experiences and reflections of our diverse multinational team of researchers involved in a multicountry research project. We demonstrate the positive impact on our research project of making further steps towards improving equity within our research practices. Some of the approaches adopted include redistributing power to researchers from the countries of interest at various stages in their career, by involving the whole team in decisions about the research; meaningfully involving the whole team in research data analysis; and providing opportunities for all researchers from the countries of interest to voice their perspectives as first authors in publications. Although this approach is consistent with how research guidance suggests research should be run, in reality it does not often happen in this way. The authors of this paper hope that by sharing our experience, we can contribute towards discussions about the processes required to continue developing a global health sector that is equitable and inclusive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Mulenga Willows
- Tropical Medicine and Global Health, University of Oxford Medical Sciences Division, Oxford, UK
| | - Jacquie Oliwa
- Health Services Unit, KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Onesmus Onyango
- Health Services Unit, KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Elibariki Mkumbo
- Health Systems, Impact Evaluation and Policy, Ifakara Health Institute, Ifakara, Tanzania
| | - John Maiba
- Health Systems, Impact Evaluation and Policy, Ifakara Health Institute, Ifakara, Tanzania
| | - Carl Otto Schell
- Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tim Baker
- Health Systems, Impact Evaluation and Policy, Ifakara Health Institute, Ifakara, Tanzania
- Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jacob McKnight
- Center for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, University of Oxford Centre for Tropical Medicine, Oxford, UK
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Hossain QS, Ahmed S, Nishat SS, Hossain MZ, Khan MNI, Hasan T, Bashar MS, Hakim M, Syed IM, Hossain KS, Ahmed I. An ab initio DFT perspective on experimentally synthesized CuBi 2O 4. RSC Adv 2023; 13:14291-14305. [PMID: 37180022 PMCID: PMC10170495 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra01813j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Here we present a comprehensive density functional theory (DFT) based ab initio study of copper bismuth oxide CuBi2O4 (CBO) in combination with experimental observations. The CBO samples were prepared following both solid-state reaction (SCBO) and hydrothermal (HCBO) methods. The P4/ncc phase purity of the as-synthesized samples was corroborated by Rietveld refinement of the powdered X-ray diffraction measurements along with Generalized Gradient Approximation of Perdew-Burke-Ernzerhof (GGA-PBE) and the Hubbard interaction U corrected GGA-PBE+U relaxed crystallographic parameters. Scanning and field emission scanning electron micrographs confirmed the particle size of the SCBO and HCBO samples to be ∼250 and ∼60 nm respectively. The GGA-PBE and GGA-PBE+U derived Raman peaks are in better agreement with that of the experimentally observed ones when compared to local density approximation based results. The DFT derived phonon density of states conforms with the absorption bands in Fourier transform infrared spectra. Both structural and dynamic stability criteria of the CBO are confirmed by elastic tensor and density functional perturbation theory-based phonon band structure simulations respectively. The CBO band gap underestimation of GGA-PBE as compared to UV-vis diffuse reflectance derived 1.8 eV was eliminated by tuning the U and the Hartree-Fock exact-exchange mixing parameter αHF in GGA-PBE+U and Heyd-Scuseria-Ernzerhof (HSE06) hybrid functionals respectively. The HSE06 with αHF = 14% yields the optimum linear optical properties of CBO in terms of the dielectric function, absorption, and their derivatives as compared to that of GGA-PBE and GGA-PBE+U functionals. Our as-synthesized HCBO shows ∼70% photocatalytic efficiency in degrading methylene blue dye under 3 h optical illumination. This DFT-guided experimental approach to CBO may help to gain a better understanding of its functional properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quazi Shafayat Hossain
- Materials Science Research Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Dhaka Dhaka-1000 Bangladesh
| | - Shahran Ahmed
- Materials Science Research Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Dhaka Dhaka-1000 Bangladesh
| | - Sadiq Shahriyar Nishat
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute Troy NY USA
| | - Md Zarif Hossain
- Materials Science Research Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Dhaka Dhaka-1000 Bangladesh
| | - M N I Khan
- Materials Science Division, Atomic Energy Centre Dhaka-1000 Bangladesh
| | - Tarique Hasan
- Materials Science Research Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Dhaka Dhaka-1000 Bangladesh
- Department of Physics, University of Jyväskylä Jyväskylä 40500 Finland
| | - Muhammad Shahriar Bashar
- Institute of Fuel Research and Development, Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research Dhaka-1205 Bangladesh
| | - Mahmuda Hakim
- Biomedical and Toxicological Research Institute, Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research Dhaka-1205 Bangladesh
| | - Ishtiaque M Syed
- Department of Physics, University of Dhaka Dhaka-1000 Bangladesh
- Semiconductor Technology Research Centre, University of Dhaka Dhaka-1000 Bangladesh
- Centre for Advanced Research in Sciences, University of Dhaka Dhaka-1000 Bangladesh
| | - Khandker Saadat Hossain
- Nanophysics and Soft Matter Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Dhaka Dhaka-1000 Bangladesh
| | - Imtiaz Ahmed
- Materials Science Research Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Dhaka Dhaka-1000 Bangladesh
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Bericat-Vadell R, Zou X, Drillet M, Corvoysier H, Silveira VR, Konezny SJ, Sá J. Carrier Dynamics in Solution-Processed CuI as a P-Type Semiconductor: The Origin of Negative Photoconductivity. J Phys Chem Lett 2023; 14:1007-1013. [PMID: 36693133 PMCID: PMC9900634 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c03720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
There is an urgent need for efficient solution-processable p-type semiconductors. Copper(I) iodide (CuI) has attracted attention as a potential candidate due to its good electrical properties and ease of preparation. However, its carrier dynamics still need to be better understood. Carrier dynamics after bandgap excitation yielded a convoluted signal of free carriers (positive signal) and a negative feature, which was also present when the material was excited with sub-bandgap excitation energies. This previously unseen feature was found to be dependent on measurement temperature and attributed to negative photoconductivity. The unexpected signal relates to the formation of polarons or strongly bound excitons. The possibility of coupling CuI to plasmonic sensitizers is also tested, yielding positive results. The outcomes mentioned above could have profound implications regarding the applicability of CuI in photocatalytic and photovoltaic systems and could also open a whole new range of possible applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Bericat-Vadell
- Physical
Chemistry Division, Department of Chemistry - Angstrom Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 523, 751 20Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Xianshao Zou
- Physical
Chemistry Division, Department of Chemistry - Angstrom Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 523, 751 20Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Mélio Drillet
- Physical
Chemistry Division, Department of Chemistry - Angstrom Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 523, 751 20Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Hugo Corvoysier
- Physical
Chemistry Division, Department of Chemistry - Angstrom Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 523, 751 20Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Vitor R. Silveira
- Physical
Chemistry Division, Department of Chemistry - Angstrom Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 523, 751 20Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Steven J. Konezny
- Departments
of Physics and Chemistry and Energy Sciences Institute, Yale University, 217 Prospect Street, P.O. Box
208120, New Haven, Connecticut06520-8120, United States
| | - Jacinto Sá
- Physical
Chemistry Division, Department of Chemistry - Angstrom Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 523, 751 20Uppsala, Sweden
- Institute
of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of
Sciences, Marcina Kasprzaka
44/52, 01-224Warsaw, Poland
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27
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Khamisi S, Lundqvist M, Rasmusson AJ, Engström BE, Karlsson FA, Ljunggren Ö. Vitamin D and bone metabolism in Graves' disease: a prospective study. J Endocrinol Invest 2023; 46:425-433. [PMID: 36166168 PMCID: PMC9859854 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-022-01927-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Vitamin D and osteoporosis in Graves' disease (GD) have been examined in cross-sectional studies with divergent results. Here, we prospectively studied vitamin D metabolism and bone health in patients with newly diagnosed GD. METHODS Thirty consecutive patients with de novo overt thyrotoxicosis diagnosed with GD were included. At diagnosis, none of the patients were treated with vitamin D or anti-osteoporotic drugs. All patients were initially treated with antithyroid drugs. Blood samplings were taken at baseline and at 6 weeks, 3, 6, 12 and 24 months after treatment start. Serum levels of 25OHD3, 1,25OH2D3, calcium, parathyroid hormone (PTH), and C-terminal telopeptides of Type I collagen (CTX-I) were analysed. Bone mineral density (BMD) was measured at baseline, and 1 and 2 years after treatment initiation. RESULTS At diagnosis, patients with GD did not have vitamin D deficiency. There were no significant correlations between levels of 25OHD3 and thyrotoxicosis. Upon treatment of the thyrotoxicosis, serum calcium fell transiently, and PTH and 1,25OH2D3 increased. 25OHD3 fell within the normal range and stabilised at 6 months. CTX-I fell over 12 months, BMD increased significantly up to 2 years, p = 0.002, < 0.001 and 0.005 in the spine, left total hip and left femoral neck, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The present data underline that thyrotoxicosis has a negative impact on bone health and demonstrate fine-tuned dynamics in bone and vitamin D metabolism. Upon treatment, bone health improved over a follow-up period of 24 months despite rising PTH. Increased conversion of 25OHD3 to 1,25OH2D3 occurs during treatment of GD.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Khamisi
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Uppsala University Hospital, 751 85, Uppsala, Sweden.
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - M Lundqvist
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Uppsala University Hospital, 751 85, Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - A J Rasmusson
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - B E Engström
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Uppsala University Hospital, 751 85, Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - F A Karlsson
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Uppsala University Hospital, 751 85, Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ö Ljunggren
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Uppsala University Hospital, 751 85, Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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Söderström M, Matt C, Odell LR. Thioacetalation and Multi-Component Thiomethylative Friedel-Crafts Arylation Using BF 3SMe 2. ACS Omega 2023; 8:4320-4330. [PMID: 36743056 PMCID: PMC9893757 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c07608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Herein, a method for thioacetalation using BF3SMe2 is presented. The method allows for convenient and odor-free transformation of aldehydes to methyl-dithioacetals, a simple but sparsely reported structural moiety, in good yields with a diverse set of aromatic aldehydes. In addition, a thiomethylative Friedel-Crafts reaction was discovered, affording thiomethylated diarylmethanes in good to excellent yields. The resulting diarylmethane core is of interest as it is found in many biologically active compounds, and its utility is further demonstrated as a novel precursor to unsymmetrical triarylmethanes. This work also highlights the usefulness and the synthetic capabilities of the readily available reagent BF3SMe2 beyond its reactivity profile as a dealkylation reagent.
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Astenvald R, Frick MA, Neufeld J, Bölte S, Isaksson J. Emotion dysregulation in ADHD and other neurodevelopmental conditions: a co-twin control study. Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health 2022; 16:92. [PMID: 36443776 PMCID: PMC9706824 DOI: 10.1186/s13034-022-00528-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Emotion dysregulation (ED) is common in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and often results in adverse outcomes. However, ED has been suggested as a transdiagnostic construct, why the specific association between ADHD and ED when adjusting for other mental health conditions needs further investigation. It is also important to determine the aetiological basis of the association between ADHD and ED to inform the theoretical conceptualization of ADHD. METHOD This study used a co-twin control design, including a sample of dizygotic (DZ) and monozygotic (MZ) twins (N = 389; 45.8% females, age = 8-31 years, MZ twin pairs 57.6%). ED was assessed using the dysregulation profile from the parent-rated Child Behaviour Checklist and its adult version. Regression analyses were used across individuals and within the pairs, while adjusting for diagnoses of autism, intellectual disability, other neurodevelopmental conditions and affective conditions. RESULTS ADHD was significantly associated with ED, even when adjusting for age, sex, attention problems and other mental health conditions, and was the diagnosis most strongly associated with ED. Within-pair analyses revealed that twins with ADHD had higher levels of ED compared to their co-twin without ADHD. This association remained within DZ twins and was non-significant in the MZ subsample, with non-overlapping confidence intervals between the DZ and MZ estimates. CONCLUSION ADHD is strongly and in part independently linked to ED, stressing the importance of early detection and treatment of emotional difficulties within this group. The findings from the within-pair analyses indicate a genetic influence on the association between ADHD and ED.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecka Astenvald
- Department of Medical Sciences, Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Unit, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Matilda A Frick
- Department of Medical Sciences, Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Unit, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Psychology, Division of Emotion Psychology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Janina Neufeld
- Center of Neurodevelopmental Disorders (KIND), Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet & Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm, Sweden
- Swedish Collegium for Advanced Study (SCAS), Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Sven Bölte
- Center of Neurodevelopmental Disorders (KIND), Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet & Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm, Sweden
- Curtin Autism Research Group, Curtin School of Allied Health, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Johan Isaksson
- Department of Medical Sciences, Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Unit, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
- Center of Neurodevelopmental Disorders (KIND), Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet & Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Grönberg A, Espes D, Carlsson PO, Ludvigsson J. Higher risk of severe hypoglycemia in children and adolescents with a rapid loss of C-peptide during the first 6 years after type 1 diabetes diagnosis. BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care 2022; 10:10/6/e002991. [PMID: 36384886 PMCID: PMC9670837 DOI: 10.1136/bmjdrc-2022-002991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The progression to insulin deficiency in type 1 diabetes is heterogenous. This study aimed to identify early characteristics associated with rapid or slow decline of beta-cell function and how it affects the clinical course. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Stimulated C-peptide was assessed by mixed meal tolerance test in 50 children (<18 years) during 2004-2017, at regular intervals for 6 years from type 1 diabetes diagnosis. 40% of the children had a rapid decline of stimulated C-peptide defined as no measurable C-peptide (<0.03 nmol/L) 30 months after diagnosis. RESULTS At diagnosis, higher frequencies of detectable glutamic acid decarboxylase antibodies (GADA) and IA-2A (p=0.027) were associated with rapid loss of beta-cell function. C-peptide was predicted positively by age at 18 months (p=0.017) and 30 months duration (p=0.038). BMI SD scores (BMISDS) at diagnosis predicted higher C-peptide at diagnosis (p=0.006), 3 months (p=0.002), 9 months (p=0.005), 30 months (p=0.022), 3 years (p=0.009), 4 years (p=0.016) and 6 years (p=0.026), whereas high HbA1c and blood glucose at diagnosis predicted a lower C-peptide at diagnosis (p=<0.001) for both comparisons. Both GADA and IA-2A were negative predictors of C-peptide at 9 months (p=0.011), 18 months (p=0.008) and 30 months (p<0.001). Ten children had 22 events of severe hypoglycemia, and they had lower mean C-peptide at 18 months (p=0.025), 30 months (p=0.008) and 6 years (p=0.018) compared with others. Seven of them had a rapid decline of C-peptide (p=0.030), and the odds to experience a severe hypoglycemia were nearly fivefold increased (OR=4.846, p=0.04). CONCLUSIONS Low age and presence of multiple autoantibodies at diagnosis predicts a rapid loss of beta-cell function in children with type 1 diabetes. Low C-peptide is associated with an increased risk of severe hypoglycemia and higher Hemoglobin A1C. A high BMISDS at diagnosis is predictive of remaining beta-cell function during the 6 years of follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annika Grönberg
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala Universitet Institutionen for kvinnors och barns halsa, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Daniel Espes
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Per-Ola Carlsson
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Johnny Ludvigsson
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Scienses, Linkopings Universitet, Linkoping, Sweden
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Kulmizev A, Nivre J. Schrödinger's tree-On syntax and neural language models. Front Artif Intell 2022; 5:796788. [PMID: 36325030 PMCID: PMC9618648 DOI: 10.3389/frai.2022.796788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last half-decade, the field of natural language processing (NLP) has undergone two major transitions: the switch to neural networks as the primary modeling paradigm and the homogenization of the training regime (pre-train, then fine-tune). Amidst this process, language models have emerged as NLP's workhorse, displaying increasingly fluent generation capabilities and proving to be an indispensable means of knowledge transfer downstream. Due to the otherwise opaque, black-box nature of such models, researchers have employed aspects of linguistic theory in order to characterize their behavior. Questions central to syntax-the study of the hierarchical structure of language-have factored heavily into such work, shedding invaluable insights about models' inherent biases and their ability to make human-like generalizations. In this paper, we attempt to take stock of this growing body of literature. In doing so, we observe a lack of clarity across numerous dimensions, which influences the hypotheses that researchers form, as well as the conclusions they draw from their findings. To remedy this, we urge researchers to make careful considerations when investigating coding properties, selecting representations, and evaluating via downstream tasks. Furthermore, we outline the implications of the different types of research questions exhibited in studies on syntax, as well as the inherent pitfalls of aggregate metrics. Ultimately, we hope that our discussion adds nuance to the prospect of studying language models and paves the way for a less monolithic perspective on syntax in this context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artur Kulmizev
- Computational Linguistics Group, Department of Linguistics and Philology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Joakim Nivre
- Computational Linguistics Group, Department of Linguistics and Philology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Kista, Sweden
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Lind L, Sundström J, Elmståhl S, Dekkers KF, Smith JG, Engström G, Fall T, Ärnlöv J. The metabolomic profile associated with clustering of cardiovascular risk factors—A multi-sample evaluation. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0274701. [PMID: 36107885 PMCID: PMC9477278 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0274701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background
A clustering of cardiovascular risk factors is denoted the metabolic syndrome (MetS), but the mechanistic underpinnings of this clustering is not clear. Using large-scale metabolomics, we aimed to find a metabolic profile common for all five components of MetS.
Methods and findings
791 annotated non-xenobiotic metabolites were measured by ultra-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry in five different population-based samples (Discovery samples: EpiHealth, n = 2342 and SCAPIS-Uppsala, n = 4985. Replication sample: SCAPIS-Malmö, n = 3978, Characterization samples: PIVUS, n = 604 and POEM, n = 501). MetS was defined by the NCEP/consensus criteria. Fifteen metabolites were related to all five components of MetS (blood pressure, waist circumference, glucose, HDL-cholesterol and triglycerides) at a false discovery rate of <0.05 with adjustments for BMI and several life-style factors. They represented different metabolic classes, such as amino acids, simple carbohydrates, androgenic steroids, corticosteroids, co-factors and vitamins, ceramides, carnitines, fatty acids, phospholipids and metabolonic lactone sulfate. All 15 metabolites were related to insulin sensitivity (Matsuda index) in POEM, but only Palmitoyl-oleoyl-GPE (16:0/18:1), a glycerophospholipid, was related to incident cardiovascular disease over 8.6 years follow-up in the EpiHealth sample following adjustment for cardiovascular risk factors (HR 1.32 for a SD change, 95%CI 1.07–1.63).
Conclusion
A complex metabolic profile was related to all cardiovascular risk factors included in MetS independently of BMI. This profile was also related to insulin sensitivity, which provide further support for the importance of insulin sensitivity as an important underlying mechanism in the clustering of cardiovascular risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars Lind
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- * E-mail:
| | - Johan Sundström
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Sölve Elmståhl
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Koen F. Dekkers
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - J. Gustav Smith
- Department of Cardiology, Clinical Sciences, Lund University and Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
- Wallenberg Laboratory, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Gothenburg University, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Cardiology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Wallenberg Center for Molecular Medicine and Lund University Diabetes Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Gunnar Engström
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Tove Fall
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Johan Ärnlöv
- Division of Family Medicine and Primary Care, Department of Neurobiology, Care Science and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
- School of Health and Social Studies, Dalarna University, Falun, Sweden
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Börjesson E, Svennblad B, Wisten A, Börjesson M, Stattin EL. Symptoms and ECG changes precede sudden cardiac death in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy—A nationwide study among the young in Sweden. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0273567. [PMID: 36103477 PMCID: PMC9473420 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0273567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a major cause of sudden cardiac death (SCD) in the young. We aimed to characterize detailed family history, symptoms, hospital utilization and ECG changes before SCD. Methods We extracted all cases suffering SCD with HCM from the SUDDY cohort, which includes all cases of SCD between 2000–2010 in Sweden among individuals aged 0–35 years along with their controls. We gathered data from mandatory national registries, autopsy reports, medical records, ECGs (including military conscripts), and detailed family history from an interview-based questionnaire (with relatives, post-mortem). Results Thirty-eight cases (7 female), mean age 22 years, with HCM were identified. Among these, 71% presented with possible cardiac symptoms (chest pain [26%], syncope [22%], palpitations [37%]), before death; 69% received medical care (vs 21% in controls) within 180 days before death. The majority (68%) died during recreational activity (n = 14) or exercise/competitive sports (n = 12). Fifteen (39%) had a known cardiac disorder prior to death, with HCM being diagnosed pre-mortem in nine cases. 58% presented with abnormal ECG recordings pre-mortem, and 50% had a positive family history (1st-3rd generation) for heart disease. Conclusion In this comprehensive, nationwide study of SCD due to HCM, 87% (33/38) of cases had one or more abnormality prior to death, including cardiac symptoms, a positive family history, known cardiac disease or ECG abnormalities. They sought medical care prior death, to a larger extent than controls. These findings suggest that cardiac screening should be expanded beyond competitive athletes to aid SCD prevention in the young population with HCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik Börjesson
- Sahlgrenska University Hospital/Östra Göteborg, Göteborg, Sweden
- * E-mail:
| | - Bodil Svennblad
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Aase Wisten
- Department of Community Medicine and Rehabilitation, Geriatric Medicine, Sunderby Research Unit, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Mats Börjesson
- Sahlgrenska University Hospital/Östra Göteborg, Göteborg, Sweden
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, Göteborg University, Göteborg, Sweden
- Center for Health and Performance, Department of Food, Nutrition and Sport Science, Göteborg University, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Eva-Lena Stattin
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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Lindman J, Gopalan G, Palo-Nieto C, Brandt P, Gising J, Larhed M. Diastereoselective Synthesis of N-Methylspiroindolines by Intramolecular Mizoroki-Heck Annulations. ACS Omega 2022; 7:32525-32535. [PMID: 36120037 PMCID: PMC9476516 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c04111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Spiroindolines represent a privileged structure in medicinal chemistry, although stereocontrol around the spirocarbon can be a synthetic challenge. Here we present a palladium(0)-catalyzed intramolecular Mizoroki-Heck annulation reaction from (+)-Vince lactam-derived cyclopentenyl-tethered 2-bromo-N-methylanilines for the formation of N-methylspiroindolines. A series of 14 N-methylspiroindolines were synthesized in 59-81% yield with diastereoselectivity >98%, which was rationalized by density functional theory calculations and confirmed through X-ray crystallography. One spiroindoline was converted to an N- and C-terminal protected rigidified unnatural amino acid, which could be orthogonally deprotected.
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35
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Luther T, Eckerbom P, Cox E, Lipcsey M, Bülow S, Hultström M, Torrente FM, Weis J, Palm F, Francis S, Frithiof R, Liss P. Decreased renal perfusion during acute kidney injury in critical COVID-19 assessed by magnetic resonance imaging: a prospective case control study. Crit Care 2022; 26:262. [PMID: 36050748 PMCID: PMC9434518 DOI: 10.1186/s13054-022-04132-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Renal hypoperfusion has been suggested to contribute to the development of acute kidney injury (AKI) in critical COVID-19. However, limited data exist to support this. We aim to investigate the differences in renal perfusion, oxygenation and water diffusion using multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging in critically ill COVID-19 patients with and without AKI. METHODS A prospective case-control study where patients without prior kidney disease treated in intensive care for respiratory failure due to COVID-19 were examined. Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes Creatinine criteria were used for group allocation. Main comparisons were tested using Mann-Whitney U test. RESULTS Nineteen patients were examined, ten with AKI and nine without AKI. Patients with AKI were examined in median 1 [0-2] day after criteria fulfillment. Age and baseline Plasma-Creatinine were similar in both groups. Total renal blood flow was lower in patients with AKI compared with patients without (median 645 quartile range [423-753] vs. 859 [746-920] ml/min, p = 0.037). Regional perfusion was reduced in both cortex (76 [51-112] vs. 146 [123-169] ml/100 g/min, p = 0.015) and medulla (28 [18-47] vs. 47 [38-73] ml/100 g/min, p = 0.03). Renal venous saturation was similar in both groups (72% [64-75] vs. 72% [63-84], ns.), as was regional oxygenation (R2*) in cortex (17 [16-19] vs. 17 [16-18] 1/s, ns.) and medulla (29 [24-39] vs. 27 [23-29] 1/s, ns.). CONCLUSIONS In critically ill COVID-19 patients with AKI, the total, cortical and medullary renal blood flows were reduced compared with similar patients without AKI, whereas no differences in renal oxygenation were demonstrable in this setting. Trial registration ClinicalTrials ID: NCT02765191 , registered May 6 2014 and updated May 7 2020.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomas Luther
- Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala University, 751 85, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Per Eckerbom
- Section of Radiology, Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Eleanor Cox
- Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre, School of Physics & Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
- NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust and the University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Miklos Lipcsey
- Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala University, 751 85, Uppsala, Sweden
- Hedenstierna Laboratory, Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Sara Bülow
- Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala University, 751 85, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Michael Hultström
- Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala University, 751 85, Uppsala, Sweden
- Integrative Physiology, Department Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Francisco Martinez Torrente
- Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala University, 751 85, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jan Weis
- Department of Medical Physics, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Fredrik Palm
- Integrative Physiology, Department Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Susan Francis
- Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre, School of Physics & Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
- NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust and the University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Robert Frithiof
- Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala University, 751 85, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Per Liss
- Section of Radiology, Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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36
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Wickramasinghe A, Axemo P, Essén B, Trenholm J. Ragging as an expression of power in a deeply divided society; a qualitative study on students perceptions on the phenomenon of ragging at a Sri Lankan university. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0271087. [PMID: 35816476 PMCID: PMC9273066 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0271087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Initiation rituals such as hazing, bullying, and ragging, as it is referred to in Sri Lanka, is a global phenomenon and has become a serious public health problem. Students are bullied and harassed by senior students causing them to suffer severe adverse consequences including depression, increased university dropouts and suicide. Although this has led to a significant burden on the country, research on ragging is scarce. The aim of this study was to explore the perceptions of students concerning the phenomenon of ragging and to understand how ragging affects student life and culture at the University of Jaffna, Sri Lanka. This paper is based on 17 focus group discussions with male and female students of Sinhalese, Tamil, and Muslim ethnicity. Thematic analysis was employed to navigate through the theoretical lenses of structural violence, intersectionality, and social dominance. The findings revealed how students perceived ragging differently; as an expression of power to initiate order and as a way to express dissatisfaction towards social inequalities occurring within the larger society or to facilitate bonds between university students. Students trivialized violence related to ragging and accepted it as a part of the university subculture despite being aware of the dire consequences. There was a described cyclical nature to ragging whereby victims become perpetrators. The student’s perspective appeared to be a missed opportunity in finding feasible solutions to a societal problem that must take all parties involved, into consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayanthi Wickramasinghe
- International Maternal and Child health unit, Department of Women and Children’s health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- * E-mail:
| | - Pia Axemo
- International Maternal and Child health unit, Department of Women and Children’s health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Birgitta Essén
- International Maternal and Child health unit, Department of Women and Children’s health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jill Trenholm
- International Maternal and Child health unit, Department of Women and Children’s health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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Bonander C, Nilsson A, Björk J, Blomberg A, Engström G, Jernberg T, Sundström J, Östgren CJ, Bergström G, Strömberg U. The value of combining individual and small area sociodemographic data for assessing and handling selective participation in cohort studies: Evidence from the Swedish CardioPulmonary bioImage Study. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0265088. [PMID: 35259202 PMCID: PMC8903292 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0265088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives
To study the value of combining individual- and neighborhood-level sociodemographic data to predict study participation and assess the effects of baseline selection on the distribution of metabolic risk factors and lifestyle factors in the Swedish CardioPulmonary bioImage Study (SCAPIS).
Methods
We linked sociodemographic register data to SCAPIS participants (n = 30,154, ages: 50–64 years) and a random sample of the study’s target population (n = 59,909). We assessed the classification ability of participation models based on individual-level data, neighborhood-level data, and combinations of both. Standardized mean differences (SMD) were used to examine how reweighting the sample to match the population affected the averages of 32 cardiopulmonary risk factors at baseline. Absolute SMDs >0.10 were considered meaningful.
Results
Combining both individual-level and neighborhood-level data gave rise to a model with better classification ability (AUC: 71.3%) than models with only individual-level (AUC: 66.9%) or neighborhood-level data (AUC: 65.5%). We observed a greater change in the distribution of risk factors when we reweighted the participants using both individual and area data. The only meaningful change was related to the (self-reported) frequency of alcohol consumption, which appears to be higher in the SCAPIS sample than in the population. The remaining risk factors did not change meaningfully.
Conclusions
Both individual- and neighborhood-level characteristics are informative in assessing study selection effects. Future analyses of cardiopulmonary outcomes in the SCAPIS cohort can benefit from our study, though the average impact of selection on risk factor distributions at baseline appears small.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carl Bonander
- School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- * E-mail:
| | - Anton Nilsson
- Epidemiology, Population Studies and Infrastructures (EPI@LUND), Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Centre for Economic Demography, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Jonas Björk
- Epidemiology, Population Studies and Infrastructures (EPI@LUND), Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Clinical Studies Sweden, Forum South, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Anders Blomberg
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Section of Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Gunnar Engström
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Tomas Jernberg
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Danderyd University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Johan Sundström
- Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Epidemiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- The George Institute for Global Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Carl Johan Östgren
- Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Göran Bergström
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Region Västra Götaland, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ulf Strömberg
- Department of Research and Development, Region Halland, Halmstad, Sweden
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Duncan KD, Hawkes JA, Berg M, Clarijs B, Gill CG, Bergquist J, Lanekoff I, Krogh ET. Membrane Sampling Separates Naphthenic Acids from Biogenic Dissolved Organic Matter for Direct Analysis by Mass Spectrometry. Environ Sci Technol 2022; 56:3096-3105. [PMID: 35175743 PMCID: PMC8892831 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c07359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Oil sands process waters can release toxic naphthenic acids (NAs) into aquatic environments. Analytical techniques for NAs are challenged by sample complexity and interference from naturally occurring dissolved organic matter (DOM). Herein, we report the use of a poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) polymer membrane for the on-line separation of NAs from DOM and use direct infusion electrospray ionization mass spectrometry to yield meaningful qualitative and quantitative information with minimal sample cleanup. We compare the composition of membrane-permeable species from natural waters fortified with a commercial NA mixture to those derived from weak anion exchange solid-phase extraction (SPE) using high-resolution mass spectrometry. The results show that SPE retains a wide range of carboxylic acids, including biogenic DOM, while permeation through PDMS was selective for petrogenic classically defined NAs (CnH2n+zO2). A series of model compounds (log Kow ∼1-7) were used to characterize the perm-selectivity and reveal the separation is based on hydrophobicity. This convenient sample cleanup method is selective for the O2 class of NAs and can be used prior to conventional analysis or as an on-line analytical strategy when coupled directly to mass spectrometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle D. Duncan
- Analytical
Chemistry, Department of Chemistry − BMC, Uppsala University, Husargatan 3, 751 24 Uppsala, Sweden
- Department
of Chemistry, Vancouver Island University, 900 Fifth Street, Nanaimo, British Columbia, Canada V9R 5S5
| | - Jeffrey A. Hawkes
- Analytical
Chemistry, Department of Chemistry − BMC, Uppsala University, Husargatan 3, 751 24 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Mykelti Berg
- Applied
Environmental Research Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, Vancouver Island University, 900 Fifth Street, Nanaimo, British Columbia, Canada V9R 5S5
| | - Bas Clarijs
- Analytical
Chemistry, Department of Chemistry − BMC, Uppsala University, Husargatan 3, 751 24 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Chris G. Gill
- Applied
Environmental Research Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, Vancouver Island University, 900 Fifth Street, Nanaimo, British Columbia, Canada V9R 5S5
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Victoria, P.O. Box 1700, Stn CSC, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada V8W 2Y2
- Department
of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Jonas Bergquist
- Analytical
Chemistry, Department of Chemistry − BMC, Uppsala University, Husargatan 3, 751 24 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ingela Lanekoff
- Analytical
Chemistry, Department of Chemistry − BMC, Uppsala University, Husargatan 3, 751 24 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Erik T. Krogh
- Applied
Environmental Research Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, Vancouver Island University, 900 Fifth Street, Nanaimo, British Columbia, Canada V9R 5S5
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Victoria, P.O. Box 1700, Stn CSC, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada V8W 2Y2
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39
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Källquist I, Ericson T, Lindgren F, Chen H, Shavorskiy A, Maibach J, Hahlin M. Potentials in Li-Ion Batteries Probed by Operando Ambient Pressure Photoelectron Spectroscopy. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2022; 14:6465-6475. [PMID: 35099928 PMCID: PMC8832392 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c12465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The important electrochemical processes in a battery happen at the solid/liquid interfaces. Operando ambient pressure photoelectron spectroscopy (APPES) is one tool to study these processes with chemical specificity. However, accessing this crucial interface and identifying the interface signal are not trivial. Therefore, we present a measurement setup, together with a suggested model, exemplifying how APPES can be used to probe potential differences over the electrode/electrolyte interface, even without direct access to the interface. Both the change in electron electrochemical potential over the solid/liquid interface, and the change in Li chemical potential of the working electrode (WE) surface at Li-ion equilibrium can be probed. Using a Li4Ti5O12 composite as a WE, our results show that the shifts in kinetic energy of the electrolyte measured by APPES can be correlated to the electrochemical reactions occurring at the WE/electrolyte interface. Different shifts in kinetic energy are seen depending on if a phase transition reaction occurs or if a single phase is lithiated. The developed methodology can be used to evaluate charge transfer over the WE/electrolyte interface as well as the lithiation/delithiation mechanism of the WE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ida Källquist
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy and Department of Chemistry-Ångström, Uppsala University, 751 20 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Tove Ericson
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy and Department of Chemistry-Ångström, Uppsala University, 751 20 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Fredrik Lindgren
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy and Department of Chemistry-Ångström, Uppsala University, 751 20 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Heyin Chen
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy and Department of Chemistry-Ångström, Uppsala University, 751 20 Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | - Julia Maibach
- Institute
for Applied Materials (IAM), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Maria Hahlin
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy and Department of Chemistry-Ångström, Uppsala University, 751 20 Uppsala, Sweden
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40
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Arkhypchuk AI, D'Imperio N, Wells JAL, Ott S. “[2+2] Cycloaddition of Phosphaalkenes as Key Step for the Reductive Coupling of Diaryl Ketones to Tetraaryl Olefins. Chem Sci 2022; 13:12239-12244. [PMID: 36349090 PMCID: PMC9600306 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc03073j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Procedures for the reductive coupling of carbonyl compounds to alkenes in the literature rely either on a radical coupling strategy, as in the McMurry coupling, or ionic pathways, sometimes catalysed by transition metals, as in more contemporary contributions. Herein, we present the first example of a third strategy that is based on the [2 + 2] cycloaddition of ketone-derived phosphaalkenes. Removal of P-trimethylsilyl groups at the intermediary 1,2-diphosphetane dimer results in its collapse and concomitant release of the tetraaryl-substituted alkene. In fact, the presented strategy is the only alternative to the McMurry coupling in the literature that allows tetraaryl alkene formation from diaryl ketones, with yields as high as 85%. The power of the methodology is illustrated in the reaction of tethered bis-benzophenones which engage in intramolecular reductive carbonyl couplings to form unusual macrocycles without the need for high dilution conditions or templating. Mechanistically distinct from all other carbonyl-to-alkene conversion methodologies, the [2 + 2] cycloaddition of phosphaalkene intermediates is established as the enabling elementary step in this transformation.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna I Arkhypchuk
- Department of Chemistry, Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University Box 523 75120 Uppsala Sweden
| | - Nicolas D'Imperio
- Department of Chemistry, Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University Box 523 75120 Uppsala Sweden
| | - Jordann A L Wells
- Department of Chemistry, Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University Box 523 75120 Uppsala Sweden
| | - Sascha Ott
- Department of Chemistry, Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University Box 523 75120 Uppsala Sweden
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41
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Gasslander N, Alfonsson S, Jackalin A, Tengberg C, Håkansson J, Huotari L, Buhrman M. Predictors of adherence to an internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy program for individuals with chronic pain and comorbid psychological distress. BMC Psychol 2021; 9:156. [PMID: 34641946 PMCID: PMC8507117 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-021-00663-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The burden caused by chronic pain is significant, affecting at least 10 percent of the world´s population. While internet-based treatments based on cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) have been shown to be promising in this area, attrition levels vary significantly. The purpose of this study was to investigate predictor variables for participants' adherence to an internet-based CBT treatment for individuals with chronic pain as well as to investigate associations between adherence and treatment outcome. METHODS Data for this study was retrieved from a randomized controlled trial including 95 individuals with chronic pain who received internet-based CBT. Treatment adherence was studied through three outcome variables: treatment progress, treatment completion and exercise completion. The predictor variables were grouped into four clusters: background variables (age, gender, marital status, level of education, and typical computer usage); the second cluster included health status variables (sick leave, current psychiatric diagnosis, previous psychotherapy for pain, current pharmacological treatment, previous depression, current depression, and current depressive symptoms); the third cluster included pain-related variables (opioid medication, history of pain, and pain symptoms) and the fourth cluster included motivation variables (measured with treatment preference, treatment credibility, compliance to the treatment schedule and contact with the therapists). RESULTS Findings showed that treatment progress was predicted by higher treatment credibility at baseline, whereas participants who were behind schedule in the second week of the program finished fewer treatment modules. When analyzing each cluster of predictor variables separately, current depressive symptoms also predicted fewer completed treatment modules. Among the pain-related variables, higher pain acceptance was the only predictor for completing more treatment modules. Treatment completion (which in this study was defined as having completed at least 75% of treatment modules) was predicted by higher treatment credibility and fewer depressive symptoms at baseline, and was thus similar to the results regarding treatment progress. Finally, all adherence variables predicted the treatment outcome pain interference. CONCLUSIONS Low treatment credibility, depressive symptoms and falling behind the treatment schedule early on were the most important predictor variables for low treatment adherence, while a number of demographical and pain-related variables were not related to adherence. The results from this study may help clinicians identify patients who are less likely to complete, and thus benefit from, their pain treatment. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov NTC03316846.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nils Gasslander
- Department of Psychology, Uppsala University, P.O. Box 1225, 751 42, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Sven Alfonsson
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute & Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Amanda Jackalin
- Department of Psychology, Uppsala University, P.O. Box 1225, 751 42, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Cecilia Tengberg
- Department of Psychology, Uppsala University, P.O. Box 1225, 751 42, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Johanna Håkansson
- Department of Psychology, Uppsala University, P.O. Box 1225, 751 42, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Linda Huotari
- Department of Psychology, Uppsala University, P.O. Box 1225, 751 42, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Monica Buhrman
- Department of Psychology, Uppsala University, P.O. Box 1225, 751 42, Uppsala, Sweden
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42
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Khamisi S, Lundqvist M, Emadi P, Almby K, Ljunggren Ö, Karlsson FA. Serum thyroglobulin is associated with orbitopathy in Graves' disease. J Endocrinol Invest 2021; 44:1905-1911. [PMID: 33515213 PMCID: PMC8357771 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-021-01505-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Serum thyroglobulin levels are often elevated in Graves' disease (GD) and in most cases decrease during treatment. Its relation to Graves' orbitopathy (GO) has not been clarified. Previously, a risk of GO has been linked to smoking, TSH receptor stimulation, high TSH-receptor antibodies (TRAb), low thyroid peroxidase and thyroglobulin antibodies (TPOAb, TgAb). METHODS We examined Tg levels in 30 consecutive patients with GD were given drug therapy (methimazole + thyroxine) for up to 24 months. GO was identified by clinical signs and symptoms. 17 patients had GO, 11 of whom had it at diagnosis while 6 developed GO during treatment. During the study, 5 subjects were referred to radioiodine treatment, 3 to surgery. The remaining 22 subjects (GO n = 12, non-GO n = 10) completed the drug regimen. RESULTS At diagnosis, Tg levels in GO patients (n = 11) were higher (84, 30-555 µg/L, median, range) than in non-GO patients (n = 19) (38, 3.5-287 µg/L), p = 0.042. Adding the 6 subjects who developed eye symptoms during treatment to the GO group (n = 17), yielded p = 0.001 vs. non-GO (n = 13). TRAb tended to be higher, while TPOAb and TgAb tended to be lower in the GO group. For the 22 patients who completed the drug regimen, Tg levels were higher in GO (n = 12) vs. non-GO (n = 10), p = 0.004, whereas TRAb levels did not differ. CONCLUSION The data may suggest that evaluation of thyroglobulin levels in GD could contribute to identify patients at increased risk of developing GO. Possibly, thyroidal release of Tg in GD reflects a disturbance that also impacts retroorbital tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Khamisi
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Uppsala University Hospital, 751 85, Uppsala, Sweden.
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - M Lundqvist
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Uppsala University Hospital, 751 85, Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - P Emadi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - K Almby
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Uppsala University Hospital, 751 85, Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ö Ljunggren
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Uppsala University Hospital, 751 85, Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - F A Karlsson
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Uppsala University Hospital, 751 85, Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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Lukoyanov N, Watanabe H, Carvalho LS, Kononenko O, Sarkisyan D, Zhang M, Andersen MS, Lukoyanova EA, Galatenko V, Tonevitsky A, Bazov I, Iakovleva T, Schouenborg J, Bakalkin G. Left-right side-specific endocrine signaling complements neural pathways to mediate acute asymmetric effects of brain injury. eLife 2021; 10:e65247. [PMID: 34372969 PMCID: PMC8354641 DOI: 10.7554/elife.65247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain injuries can interrupt descending neural pathways that convey motor commands from the cortex to spinal motoneurons. Here, we demonstrate that a unilateral injury of the hindlimb sensorimotor cortex of rats with completely transected thoracic spinal cord produces hindlimb postural asymmetry with contralateral flexion and asymmetric hindlimb withdrawal reflexes within 3 hr, as well as asymmetry in gene expression patterns in the lumbar spinal cord. The injury-induced postural effects were abolished by hypophysectomy and were mimicked by transfusion of serum from animals with brain injury. Administration of the pituitary neurohormones β-endorphin or Arg-vasopressin-induced side-specific hindlimb responses in naive animals, while antagonists of the opioid and vasopressin receptors blocked hindlimb postural asymmetry in rats with brain injury. Thus, in addition to the well-established involvement of motor pathways descending from the brain to spinal circuits, the side-specific humoral signaling may also add to postural and reflex asymmetries seen after brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolay Lukoyanov
- Departamento de Biomedicina da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Instituto de Biologia Molecular e CelularPortoPortugal
| | - Hiroyuki Watanabe
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala UniversityUppsalaSweden
| | - Liliana S Carvalho
- Departamento de Biomedicina da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Instituto de Biologia Molecular e CelularPortoPortugal
| | - Olga Kononenko
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala UniversityUppsalaSweden
| | - Daniil Sarkisyan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala UniversityUppsalaSweden
| | - Mengliang Zhang
- Neuronano Research Center, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund UniversityLundSweden
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern DenmarkOdenseDenmark
| | | | - Elena A Lukoyanova
- Departamento de Biomedicina da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Instituto de Biologia Molecular e CelularPortoPortugal
| | - Vladimir Galatenko
- Faculty of Mechanics and Mathematics, Lomonosov Moscow State UniversityMoscowRussian Federation
| | - Alex Tonevitsky
- Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, National Research University Higher School of EconomicsMoscowRussian Federation
- Shemyakin–Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry RASMoscowRussian Federation
| | - Igor Bazov
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala UniversityUppsalaSweden
| | - Tatiana Iakovleva
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala UniversityUppsalaSweden
| | - Jens Schouenborg
- Neuronano Research Center, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund UniversityLundSweden
| | - Georgy Bakalkin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala UniversityUppsalaSweden
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Andersson M, Johansson S, Bergman H, Xiao L, Behrendt L, Tenje M. A microscopy-compatible temperature regulation system for single-cell phenotype analysis - demonstrated by thermoresponse mapping of microalgae. Lab Chip 2021; 21:1694-1705. [PMID: 33949404 PMCID: PMC8095708 DOI: 10.1039/d0lc01288b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
This work describes a programmable heat-stage compatible with in situ microscopy for the accurate provision of spatiotemporally defined temperatures to different microfluidic devices. The heat-stage comprises an array of integrated thin-film Joule heaters and resistance temperature detectors (RTDs). External programming of the heat-stage is provided by a custom software program connected to temperature controllers and heater-sensor pairs. Biologically relevant (20-40 °C) temperature profiles can be supplied to cells within microfluidic devices as spatial gradients (0.5-1.5 °C mm-1) or in a time-varying approach via e.g. step-wise or sinusoidally varying profiles with negligible temperature over-shoot. Demonstration of the device is achieved by exposing two strains of the coral symbiont Symbiodinium to different temperature profiles while monitoring their single-cell photophysiology via chlorophyll fluorometry. This revealed that photophysiological responses to temperature depended on the exposure duration, exposure magnitude and strain background. Moreover, thermal dose analysis suggested that cell acclimatisation occurs under longer temperature (6 h) exposures but not under shorter temperature exposures (15 min). As the thermal sensitivity of Symbiodinium mediates the thermal tolerance in corals, our versatile technology now provides unique possibilities to research this interdependency at single cell resolution. Our results also show the potential of this heat-stage for further applications in fields such as biotechnology and ecotoxicology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Andersson
- Dept. Materials Science and Engineering, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 35, 751 03 Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Sofia Johansson
- Dept. Materials Science and Engineering, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 35, 751 03 Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Henrik Bergman
- Dept. Materials Science and Engineering, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 35, 751 03 Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Linhong Xiao
- Dept. Organismal Biology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 18 A, 752 36 Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Lars Behrendt
- Dept. Organismal Biology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 18 A, 752 36 Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Maria Tenje
- Dept. Materials Science and Engineering, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 35, 751 03 Uppsala, Sweden.
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Lanzilotto V, Grazioli C, Stredansky M, Zhang T, Schio L, Goldoni A, Floreano L, Motta A, Cossaro A, Puglia C. Tailoring surface-supported water-melamine complexes by cooperative H-bonding interactions. Nanoscale Adv 2021; 3:2359-2365. [PMID: 36133766 PMCID: PMC9419257 DOI: 10.1039/d0na01034k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The water-splitting photo-catalysis by carbon nitride heterocycles has been the subject of recent theoretical investigations, revealing a proton-coupled electron transfer (PCET) reaction from the H-bonded water molecule to the CN-heterocycle. In this context, a detailed characterization of the water-catalyst binding configuration becomes mandatory in order to validate and possibly improve the theoretical modeling. To this aim, we built a well-defined surface-supported water/catalyst interface by adsorbing water under ultra-high vacuum (UHV) conditions on a monolayer of melamine grown on the Cu(111) surface. By combining X-ray photoemission (XPS) and absorption (NEXAFS) spectroscopy we observed that melamine adsorbed onto copper is strongly tilted off the surface, with one amino group dangling to the vacuum side. The binding energy (BE) of the corresponding N 1s component is significantly higher compared to other N 1s contributions and displays a clear shift to lower BE as water is adsorbed. This finding along with density functional theory (DFT) results reveals that two adjacent melamine molecules concurrently work for stabilizing the H-bonded water-catalyst complex: one melamine acting as a H-donor via the amino-N (NH⋯OHH) and another one as a H-acceptor via the triazine-N (C[double bond, length as m-dash]N⋯HOH).
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Lanzilotto
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University P.O. Box 516 751 20 Uppsala Sweden
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome P.le Aldo Moro 8 00185 Roma Italy
- IOM-CNR, Istituto Officina dei Materiali Basovizza SS-14, Km 163.5 34149 Trieste Italy
| | - Cesare Grazioli
- IOM-CNR, Istituto Officina dei Materiali Basovizza SS-14, Km 163.5 34149 Trieste Italy
| | - Matus Stredansky
- IOM-CNR, Istituto Officina dei Materiali Basovizza SS-14, Km 163.5 34149 Trieste Italy
- Department of Physics, University of Trieste Via A. Valerio 2 34127 Trieste Italy
- School of Information and Electronics, MIIT Key Laboratory for Low-Dimensional Quantum Structure and Devices, Beijing Institute of Technology (BIT) 100081 Beijing China
| | - Teng Zhang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University P.O. Box 516 751 20 Uppsala Sweden
- School of Information and Electronics, MIIT Key Laboratory for Low-Dimensional Quantum Structure and Devices, Beijing Institute of Technology (BIT) 100081 Beijing China
| | - Luca Schio
- IOM-CNR, Istituto Officina dei Materiali Basovizza SS-14, Km 163.5 34149 Trieste Italy
| | - Andrea Goldoni
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A. Basovizza SS-14, Km 163.5 34149 Trieste Italy
| | - Luca Floreano
- IOM-CNR, Istituto Officina dei Materiali Basovizza SS-14, Km 163.5 34149 Trieste Italy
| | - Alessandro Motta
- Consortium INSTM Via G. Giusti 9 50121 Firenze Italy
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome P.le Aldo Moro 8 00185 Roma Italy
| | - Albano Cossaro
- IOM-CNR, Istituto Officina dei Materiali Basovizza SS-14, Km 163.5 34149 Trieste Italy
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste Via Giorgieri 1 34127 Trieste Italy
| | - Carla Puglia
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University P.O. Box 516 751 20 Uppsala Sweden
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Wallentin L, Eriksson N, Olszowka M, Grammer TB, Hagström E, Held C, Kleber ME, Koenig W, März W, Stewart RAH, White HD, Åberg M, Siegbahn A. Plasma proteins associated with cardiovascular death in patients with chronic coronary heart disease: A retrospective study. PLoS Med 2021; 18:e1003513. [PMID: 33439866 PMCID: PMC7817029 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1003513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Circulating biomarkers are associated with the development of coronary heart disease (CHD) and its complications by reflecting pathophysiological pathways and/or organ dysfunction. We explored the associations between 157 cardiovascular (CV) and inflammatory biomarkers and CV death using proximity extension assays (PEA) in patients with chronic CHD. METHODS AND FINDINGS The derivation cohort consisted of 605 cases with CV death and 2,788 randomly selected non-cases during 3-5 years follow-up included in the STabilization of Atherosclerotic plaque By Initiation of darapLadIb TherapY (STABILITY) trial between 2008 and 2010. The replication cohort consisted of 245 cases and 1,042 non-cases during 12 years follow-up included in the Ludwigshafen Risk and Cardiovascular Health (LURIC) study between 1997 and 2000. Biomarker levels were measured with conventional immunoassays and/or with the OLINK PEA panels CVD I and Inflammation. Associations with CV death were evaluated by Random Survival Forest (RF) and Cox regression analyses. Both cohorts had the same median age (65 years) and 20% smokers, while there were slight differences in male sex (82% and 76%), hypertension (70% and 78%), and diabetes (39% and 30%) in the respective STABILITY and LURIC cohorts. The analyses identified 18 biomarkers with confirmed independent association with CV death by Boruta analyses and statistical significance (all p < 0.0001) by Cox regression when adjusted for clinical characteristics in both cohorts. Most prognostic information was carried by N-terminal prohormone of brain natriuretic peptide (NTproBNP), hazard ratio (HR for 1 standard deviation [SD] increase of the log scale of the distribution of the biomarker in the replication cohort) 2.079 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.799-2.402), and high-sensitivity troponin T (cTnT-hs) HR 1.715 (95% CI 1.491-1.973). The other proteins with independent associations were growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF-15) HR 1.728 (95% CI 1.527-1.955), transmembrane immunoglobulin and mucin domain protein (TIM-1) HR 1.555 (95% CI 1.362-1.775), renin HR 1.501 (95% CI 1.305-1.727), osteoprotegerin (OPG) HR 1.488 (95% CI 1.297-1.708), soluble suppression of tumorigenesis 2 protein (sST2) HR 1.478 (95% CI 1.307-1.672), cystatin-C (Cys-C) HR 1.370 (95% CI 1.243-1.510), tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand receptor 2 (TRAIL-R2) HR 1.205 (95% CI 1.131-1.285), carbohydrate antigen 125 (CA-125) HR 1.347 (95% CI 1.226-1.479), brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) HR 1.399 (95% CI 1.255-1.561), interleukin 6 (IL-6) HR 1.478 (95% CI 1.316-1.659), hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) HR 1.259 (95% CI 1.134-1.396), spondin-1 HR 1.295 (95% CI 1.156-1.450), fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF-23) HR 1.349 (95% CI 1.237-1.472), chitinase-3 like protein 1 (CHI3L1) HR 1.284 (95% CI 1.129-1.461), tumor necrosis factor receptor 1 (TNF-R1) HR 1.486 (95% CI 1.307-1.689), and adrenomedullin (AM) HR 1.750 (95% CI 1.490-2.056). The study is limited by the differences in design, size, and length of follow-up of the 2 studies and the lack of results from coronary angiograms and follow-up of nonfatal events. CONCLUSIONS Profiles of levels of multiple plasma proteins might be useful for the identification of different pathophysiological pathways associated with an increased risk of CV death in patients with chronic CHD. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00799903.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars Wallentin
- Department of Medical Sciences, Cardiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Uppsala Clinical Research Center (UCR), Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- * E-mail: (LW); (AS)
| | - Niclas Eriksson
- Uppsala Clinical Research Center (UCR), Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Maciej Olszowka
- Department of Medical Sciences, Cardiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Uppsala Clinical Research Center (UCR), Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Tanja B. Grammer
- Mannheim Institute of Public Health, Social and Preventive Medicine, Mannheim Medical Faculty, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Emil Hagström
- Department of Medical Sciences, Cardiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Uppsala Clinical Research Center (UCR), Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Claes Held
- Department of Medical Sciences, Cardiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Uppsala Clinical Research Center (UCR), Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Marcus E. Kleber
- Medical Clinic V, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Koenig
- Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
- Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Winfried März
- Medical Clinic V, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- SYNLAB Academy, SYNLAB Holding Deutschland GmbH, Mannheim and Augsburg, Germany
| | - Ralph A. H. Stewart
- Green Lane Cardiovascular Service, Auckland City Hospital and University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Harvey D. White
- Green Lane Cardiovascular Service, Auckland City Hospital and University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Mikael Åberg
- Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Chemistry, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Agneta Siegbahn
- Uppsala Clinical Research Center (UCR), Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Chemistry, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- * E-mail: (LW); (AS)
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Fridjonsdottir E, Shariatgorji R, Nilsson A, Vallianatou T, Odell LR, Schembri LS, Svenningsson P, Fernagut PO, Crossman AR, Bezard E, Andrén PE. Mass spectrometry imaging identifies abnormally elevated brain l-DOPA levels and extrastriatal monoaminergic dysregulation in l-DOPA-induced dyskinesia. Sci Adv 2021; 7:7/2/eabe5948. [PMID: 33523980 PMCID: PMC7787486 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abe5948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
l-DOPA treatment for Parkinson's disease frequently leads to dyskinesias, the pathophysiology of which is poorly understood. We used MALDI-MSI to map the distribution of l-DOPA and monoaminergic pathways in brains of dyskinetic and nondyskinetic primates. We report elevated levels of l-DOPA, and its metabolite 3-O-methyldopa, in all measured brain regions of dyskinetic animals and increases in dopamine and metabolites in all regions analyzed except the striatum. In dyskinesia, dopamine levels correlated well with l-DOPA levels in extrastriatal regions, such as hippocampus, amygdala, bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, and cortical areas, but not in the striatum. Our results demonstrate that l-DOPA-induced dyskinesia is linked to a dysregulation of l-DOPA metabolism throughout the brain. The inability of extrastriatal brain areas to regulate the formation of dopamine during l-DOPA treatment introduces the potential of dopamine or even l-DOPA itself to modulate neuronal signaling widely across the brain, resulting in unwanted side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elva Fridjonsdottir
- Medical Mass Spectrometry Imaging, Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Reza Shariatgorji
- Medical Mass Spectrometry Imaging, Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Science for Life Laboratory, National Resource for Mass Spectrometry Imaging, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Anna Nilsson
- Medical Mass Spectrometry Imaging, Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Science for Life Laboratory, National Resource for Mass Spectrometry Imaging, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Theodosia Vallianatou
- Medical Mass Spectrometry Imaging, Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Luke R Odell
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Luke S Schembri
- Medical Mass Spectrometry Imaging, Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Science for Life Laboratory, National Resource for Mass Spectrometry Imaging, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Per Svenningsson
- Section of Neurology, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Pierre-Olivier Fernagut
- Université de Bordeaux, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Bordeaux, France
- CNRS, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Bordeaux, France
- Université de Poitiers, INSERM, U0-1084, Laboratoire de Neurosciences Expérimentales et Cliniques, Poitiers, France
| | | | - Erwan Bezard
- Université de Bordeaux, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Bordeaux, France.
- CNRS, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Bordeaux, France
- Motac Neuroscience, Manchester M15 6WE, UK
| | - Per E Andrén
- Medical Mass Spectrometry Imaging, Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
- Science for Life Laboratory, National Resource for Mass Spectrometry Imaging, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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Mogensen I, Jacinto T, Alving K, Fonseca JA, Janson C, Malinovschi A. Inflammatory patterns in fixed airflow obstruction are dependent on the presence of asthma. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0243109. [PMID: 33270766 PMCID: PMC7714172 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0243109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Fixed airflow obstruction (FAO) can complicate asthma. Inflammation is a proposed underlying mechanism. OBJECTIVE Our aim in this cross-sectional investigation was to evaluate the blood leucocyte pattern and level of exhaled nitric oxide in asthmatics and non-asthmatics with or without FAO. METHODS A total of 11,579 individuals aged ≥20 years from the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were included. They were grouped as: controls without asthma and FAO (n = 9,935), asthmatics without FAO (n = 674), asthmatics with FAO (n = 180) and non-asthmatics with FAO (n = 790). FAO was defined as post-bronchodilator FEV1/FVC < lower limit of normal. Exhaled nitric oxide ≥ 25ppb, blood eosinophil levels ≥300 cells/μL, and blood neutrophil levels ≥5100 cells/μL were defined as elevated. Stratified analyses for smoking and smoking history were performed. RESULTS Elevated blood eosinophil levels were more common in all groups compared to the controls, with the highest prevalence in the group with asthma and fixed airflow obstruction (p<0.01). In a multiple logistic regression model adjusted for potential confounders including smoking, the asthma groups had significantly higher odds ratios for elevated B-Eos levels compared to the control group (odds ratio 1.4, (confidence interval: 1.1-1.7) for the asthma group without fixed airflow obstruction and 2.5 (1.4-4.2) for the asthma group with fixed airflow obstruction). The group with fixed airflow obstruction without asthma had higher odds ratio for elevated blood neutrophil levels compared to the controls: 1.4 (1.1-1.8). Smoking and a history of smoking were associated to elevated B-Neu levels. CONCLUSION Fixed airflow obstruction in asthma was associated with elevated blood eosinophil levels, whereas fixed airflow obstruction without asthma was associated with elevated blood neutrophil levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ida Mogensen
- Dept. of Medical Sciences: Clinical Physiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Dept. of Medical Sciences: Respiratory, Allergy and Sleep Research, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- * E-mail:
| | - Tiago Jacinto
- CINTESIS, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto & Instituto e Hospital CUF, Porto, Portugal
| | - Kjell Alving
- Pediatric Research, Dept. of Women’s and Children’s Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - João A. Fonseca
- CINTESIS, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto & Instituto e Hospital CUF, Porto, Portugal
| | - Christer Janson
- Dept. of Medical Sciences: Respiratory, Allergy and Sleep Research, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Andrei Malinovschi
- Dept. of Medical Sciences: Clinical Physiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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Holloway B, Mathur A, Pathak A, Bergström A. Utilisation of diagnostics in India: a rapid ethnographic study exploring context and behaviour. BMJ Open 2020; 10:e041087. [PMID: 33243808 PMCID: PMC7692986 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-041087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To explore factors that influence behaviour in the utilisation of diagnostics by caregivers of sick children. Utilisation is defined as a caregiver assisting a child to get diagnostic tests done and return for follow-up of results. Understanding these experiences may help inform the development of interventions and implementation strategies to improve the use of diagnostics, thereby target treatment and optimise antibiotic use. DESIGN A rapid ethnographic qualitative study using 3 months of unstructured observations, 1 month of structured observations of diagnostic utilisation and 43 semi-structured interviews. Transcripts were coded and analysed using inductive thematic analysis. Findings were explored from a behavioural perspective through the lens of the 'Capability, Opportunity, Motivation and Behaviour' (COM-B) model for understanding behaviour. The multiple methods of investigation applied allowed for triangulation and cross-validation of the findings. SETTING The paediatric outpatient department of a teaching hospital in rural, central India. PARTICIPANTS Caregivers of sick children attending the paediatric outpatient department who were sent for one or more diagnostic test. RESULTS Three key themes were identified that influenced caregivers' behaviour. Caregivers trusted and understood the importance of diagnostics but their acceptance wavered depending on the severity of illness and preference to treat their child directly with medicines. Caregivers struggled to access diagnostics, describing delays in testing, receiving results and follow-up, further complicated by travel time, distance and competing priorities such as work. Diagnostics were relatively cheap compared with other healthcare facilities however, the cost of the test, travel expenses and wages lost for missing work, were barriers to getting the tests done and returning for follow-up. CONCLUSIONS Diagnostics are generally accepted and their purpose understood, however, the organisation of diagnostic services, direct and indirect costs hinder caregivers from using diagnostics. Improvements in accessibility and affordability may increase caregiver motivation to use diagnostics and return for follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bronwen Holloway
- Department of Womens and Childrens Health, Uppsala Global Health Research on Implementation and Sustainability, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Aditya Mathur
- Department of Pediatrics, Ruxmaniben Deepchand Gardi Medical College, Ujjain, India
| | - Ashish Pathak
- Department of Pediatrics, Ruxmaniben Deepchand Gardi Medical College, Ujjain, India
- Department of Global Public Health, Health Systems and Policy: Medicines, Focusing Antibiotics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna Bergström
- Department of Womens and Childrens Health, Uppsala Global Health Research on Implementation and Sustainability, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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Svedbo Engström M, Leksell J, Johansson UB, Borg S, Palaszewski B, Franzén S, Gudbjörnsdottir S, Eeg-Olofsson K. New Diabetes Questionnaire to add patients' perspectives to diabetes care for adults with type 1 and type 2 diabetes: nationwide cross-sectional study of construct validity assessing associations with generic health-related quality of life and clinical variables. BMJ Open 2020; 10:e038966. [PMID: 33203629 PMCID: PMC7674110 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-038966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To study evidence for construct validity, the aim was to describe the outcome from the recently developed Diabetes Questionnaire, assess the associations of that outcome with clinical variables and generic health-related quality of life, and study the sensitivity to differences between clinically relevant groups of glycaemic control in adults with type 1 and type 2 diabetes in a nation-wide setting. DESIGN Cross-sectional survey. SETTING Swedish diabetes care clinics connected to the National Diabetes Register (NDR). PARTICIPANTS Among 2479 adults with type 1 diabetes and 2469 with type 2 diabetes selected at random from the NDR, 1373 (55.4%) with type 1 and 1353 (54.8%) with type 2 diabetes chose to participate. OUTCOME MEASURES The Diabetes Questionnaire, the generic 36-item Short Form version 2 (SF-36v2) health survey and clinical variables. RESULTS Related to the prespecified assumptions, supporting evidence for construct validity for the Diabetes Questionnaire was found. Supporting divergent validity, the statistically significant correlations with the clinical variables were few and weak. In relation to the SF-36v2 and in support of convergent validity, the strongest correlations were seen in the Diabetes Questionnaire scales General Well-being and Mood and Energy. In those scales, machine learning analyses showed that about 40%-45% of the variance was explained by the SF-36v2 results and clinical variables. In multiple regression analyses among three groups with differing levels of glycated haemoglobin adjusted for demographics, other risk factors, and diabetes complications, the high-risk group had, in support of sensitivity to clinically relevant groups, statistically significant lower scores than the well-controlled group in most Diabetes Questionnaire scales. CONCLUSIONS This nation-wide study shows that the Diabetes Questionnaire captures some generic health-related quality-of-life dimensions, in addition to adding diabetes-specific information not covered by the SF-36v2 and clinical variables. The Diabetes Questionnaire is also sensitive to differences between clinically relevant groups of glycaemic control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Svedbo Engström
- School of Education, Health and Social Studies, Dalarna University, Falun, Sweden
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Janeth Leksell
- School of Education, Health and Social Studies, Dalarna University, Falun, Sweden
- Clinical Diabetology and Metabolism, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Unn-Britt Johansson
- Department of Health Promotion Science, Sophiahemmet University, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Education, Södersjukhuset, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sixten Borg
- Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö, Health Economics Unit, Medicon Village, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Bo Palaszewski
- Department of Data Management and Analysis, Västra Götalandsregionen, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Stefan Franzén
- Register Center Västra Götaland, Västra Götalandsregionen, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Soffia Gudbjörnsdottir
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Register Center Västra Götaland, Västra Götalandsregionen, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Katarina Eeg-Olofsson
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Medicine, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
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