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Zhou H, Vu G, Ju Q, Julian McClements D. Development of plant-based whole egg analogs using emulsion technology. Food Res Int 2024; 187:114406. [PMID: 38763658 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2024.114406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
RuBisCO is a plant protein that can be derived from abundant and sustainable natural resources (such as duckweed), which can be used as both an emulsifying and gelling agent. Consequently, it has the potential to formulate emulsion gels that can be used for the development of plant-based replacements of whole eggs. In this study, we investigated the ability of RuBisCO-based emulsion gels to mimic the desirable properties of whole eggs. The emulsion gels contained 12.5 wt% RuBisCO and 10 wt% corn oil to mimic the macronutrient composition of real whole eggs. Initially, an oil-in-water emulsion was formed, which was then heated to convert it into an emulsion gel. The impact of oil droplet diameter (∼15, 1, and 0.2 μm) on the physicochemical properties of the emulsion gels was investigated. The lightness and hardness of the emulsion gels increased as the droplet size decreased, which meant that their appearance and texture could be modified by controlling droplet size. Different concentrations of curcumin (3, 6, and 9 mg/g oil) were incorporated into the emulsions using a pH-driven approach. The curcumin was used as a natural dual functional ingredient (colorant and nutraceutical). The yellow-orange color of curcumin allowed us to match the appearance of raw and cooked whole eggs. This study shows that whole egg analogs can be formulated using plant-based emulsion gels containing natural pigments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hualu Zhou
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Georgia, Griffin, GA 30223, USA.
| | - Giang Vu
- Biopolymers and Colloids Laboratory, Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Qian Ju
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - David Julian McClements
- Biopolymers and Colloids Laboratory, Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA; Department of Food Science & Bioengineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, 18 Xuezheng Street, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, China.
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2
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Al-Omiri MK, Atieh DWA, Abu-Awwad M, Al Nazeh AA, Almoammar S, Hassan SAB, Aljbab AA, Alfaifi MA, Shat NM, Lynch E. The knowledge regarding the impacts and management of black triangles among dental professionals and laypeople. Sci Rep 2024; 14:10840. [PMID: 38735998 PMCID: PMC11089043 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-61356-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to assess the knowledge regarding impacts, causes and management of black triangles (BT) among participants from different educational backgrounds including dental students, dentists and laypeople. This descriptive cross-sectional observational research included 435 participants who comprised 4 groups: pre-clinical (3rd year) dental students, clinical (4th and 5th year) dental students, dentists, and laypeople. A constructed self-reported questionnaire was utilized to assess participants' demographic data and their knowledge of the impacts, causes and management of BT. The VAS scale was used to assess participants' ratings for the impacts of BT on esthetics, with 0 meaning no impact and 10 meaning very severe negative impacts. The most reported treatments for BT were "cannot be treated" 99.3% and "non-surgical periodontal treatment" 67.1%. Meanwhile, the least reported was "modify the porcelain" 41.8%. The most reported cause of BT was "periodontal disease" 85.1%. However, the least reported were "parafunction" and "deep implants" 33.1% each. Dental professionals had better knowledge of the causes (t = 8.189, P < 0.001) and management (t = 8.289, P < 0.001) of BT than the non-dental participants. The dentists had the best knowledge, while the laypeople had the least knowledge of the causes (F = 62.056, P < 0.001) and treatment (F = 46.120, P < 0.001) of BT. The knowledge of the causes (t = 0.616, P = 0.538) and treatment (t = 1.113, P = 0.266) for BT was not significantly different between males and females. Age was not significantly related to the total knowledge about the causes (r = -0.034, P = 0.475) or treatment (r = -0.034, P = 0.482) for BT. Dental professionals had better knowledge of the impacts, causes and management of BT than the non-dental participants. The dentists were the best, while the laypeople were the worst in this regard. Age and gender had no relationships with the knowledge of causes or management of BT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud K Al-Omiri
- Department of Fixed and Removable Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, The University of Jordan, Queen Rania Street, Amman, 11942, Jordan.
- Department of Prosthodontics, The City of London Dental School, Canada Water, Lower Road, London, UK.
| | | | - Motasum Abu-Awwad
- Department of Fixed and Removable Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, The University of Jordan, Queen Rania Street, Amman, 11942, Jordan
| | - Abdullah A Al Nazeh
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Khalid University, Abha, Asir, Saudi Arabia
| | - Salem Almoammar
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Khalid University, Abha, Asir, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saeed Awod Bin Hassan
- Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Khalid University, Abha, Asir, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Mohammed A Alfaifi
- Department of Prosthetic Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Khalid University, Abha, Asir, Saudi Arabia
| | - Naji M Shat
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dental and Oral Surgery, University of Palestine, Gaza, Palestine
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Peng B, Zhang Q, Liu Y, Zhao Q, Zhao J, Zhang Z, Sun X, Peng J, Sun Y, Song X, Guo G, Huang Y, Pang R, Zhou W, Wang Q. OsAAP8 mutation leads to significant improvement in the nutritional quality and appearance of rice grains. Mol Breed 2024; 44:34. [PMID: 38725797 PMCID: PMC11076445 DOI: 10.1007/s11032-024-01473-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
Members of the permease gene family are responsible for important biological functions in the growth and development of rice. Here, we show that OsAAP8 is a constitutive expression gene, and its translated protein is localized on the cell membrane. Mutation of the OsAAP8 can promote the expression of genes related to protein and amylopectin synthesis, and also promote the enlargement of protein bodies in its endosperm, leading to an increase in the protein, amylopectin, and total amino acid content of grains in OsAAP8 mutants. Seeds produced by the OsAAP8 mutant were larger, and the chalkiness traits of the OsAAP8 mutants were significantly reduced, thereby improving the nutritional quality and appearance of rice grains. The OsAAP8 protein is involved in the transport of various amino acids; OsAAP8 mutation significantly enhanced the root absorption of a range of amino acids and might affect the distribution of various amino acids. Therefore, OsAAP8 is an important quality trait gene with multiple biological functions, which provides important clues for the molecular design of breeding strategies for developing new high-quality varieties of rice. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11032-024-01473-w.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Peng
- College of Life Sciences and Institute for Conservation and Utilization of Agro-Bioresources in Dabie Mountains, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, 464000 China
| | - Qingxi Zhang
- College of Life Sciences and Institute for Conservation and Utilization of Agro-Bioresources in Dabie Mountains, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, 464000 China
| | - Yan Liu
- College of Life Sciences and Institute for Conservation and Utilization of Agro-Bioresources in Dabie Mountains, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, 464000 China
| | - Qiang Zhao
- Henan Scientific Research Platform Service Center, Zhengzhou, 450003 China
| | - Jinhui Zhao
- College of Life Sciences and Institute for Conservation and Utilization of Agro-Bioresources in Dabie Mountains, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, 464000 China
| | - Zhiguo Zhang
- Henan Lingrui Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Xinyang, 464000 China
| | - Xiaoyu Sun
- College of Life Sciences and Institute for Conservation and Utilization of Agro-Bioresources in Dabie Mountains, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, 464000 China
| | - Juan Peng
- Xinyang Station of Plant Protection and Inspection, Xinyang, 464000 China
| | - Yanfang Sun
- College of Life Sciences and Institute for Conservation and Utilization of Agro-Bioresources in Dabie Mountains, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, 464000 China
| | - Xiaohua Song
- Xinyang Academy of Agricultural Science, Xinyang, 464000 China
| | - Guiying Guo
- Xinyang Academy of Agricultural Science, Xinyang, 464000 China
| | - Yaqin Huang
- College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Xinyang Agriculture and Forestry University, Xinyang, 464000 China
| | - Ruihua Pang
- College of Life Sciences and Institute for Conservation and Utilization of Agro-Bioresources in Dabie Mountains, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, 464000 China
| | - Wei Zhou
- College of Life Sciences and Institute for Conservation and Utilization of Agro-Bioresources in Dabie Mountains, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, 464000 China
| | - Quanxiu Wang
- College of Life Sciences and Institute for Conservation and Utilization of Agro-Bioresources in Dabie Mountains, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, 464000 China
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Baranda AB, Ríos Y, Llorente R, Naranjo AB, da Quinta N. Neuroscience tools to study the effect of the presentation form on food-evoked emotion for senior population. Food Res Int 2024; 183:114158. [PMID: 38760149 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2024.114158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
The elderly population holds significance among consumers because many of them experience alterations in taste and smell or suffer from physical disorders. These factors can lead to reduced food intake, malnutrition, and, consequently, serious health problems. Therefore, there is a need to develop tailored products for seniors, offering both nutrition and appealing foods with easily consumable textures. Among the various characteristics of food, appearance stands out as one of the most critical aspects influencing food preferences and choices. Surprisingly, there is limited knowledge about how food shape affects the holistic emotional responses of seniors. The objective of this study was to investigate the impact of food shape on the emotional responses of seniors. This exploration involved the use of explicit methods, such as self-reported questionnaires, and implicit methods, including the measurement of skin conductance responses and facial expressions, as well as their combination. To achieve this goal, we enlisted the participation of 50 individuals (54 % women) from the senior population aged between 55 and 75 years. These participants evaluated two food products with identical sensory characteristics in terms of taste, texture, and flavor. However, these products differed in terms of their shape. We measured their degree of liking and emotional responses using a 7-point hedonic scale, EsSense25, in conjunction with galvanic skin response, and facial expressions, which served as representatives of behavioural and physiological responses. The multivariate analysis allowed to examine sample configurations by gender and establish associations between variables. The combination of implicit and explicit methods led to better discrimination of samples of the same category than the use of each of the methods independently. Although both samples elicited equivalent liking perceptions, they evoked distinct emotional responses, measured at cognitive, physiological, and behavioural levels. In general, men and women experienced different emotions while observing, smelling, handling, or consuming both samples, both consciously and unconsciously. This newfound knowledge could be valuable when designing food products for this demographic. The ultimate goal is to engage consumers and enhance their enjoyment of the food experience by offering more visually appealing food options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana B Baranda
- AZTI, Food Research, Basque Research and Technological Alliance (BRTA). Parque Tecnológico de Bizkaia. Astondo Bidea, Edificio 609, 48160 Derio, Bizkaia, Spain.
| | - Yolanda Ríos
- AZTI, Food Research, Basque Research and Technological Alliance (BRTA). Parque Tecnológico de Bizkaia. Astondo Bidea, Edificio 609, 48160 Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Raquel Llorente
- AZTI, Food Research, Basque Research and Technological Alliance (BRTA). Parque Tecnológico de Bizkaia. Astondo Bidea, Edificio 609, 48160 Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Ana Belén Naranjo
- AZTI, Food Research, Basque Research and Technological Alliance (BRTA). Parque Tecnológico de Bizkaia. Astondo Bidea, Edificio 609, 48160 Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Noelia da Quinta
- AZTI, Food Research, Basque Research and Technological Alliance (BRTA). Parque Tecnológico de Bizkaia. Astondo Bidea, Edificio 609, 48160 Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
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5
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Boó Gustems N, Molano Castro JD, López-Capdevila L, Castro Álvarez MC, Muñoz Ruano EA, Domínguez Sevilla A, Román Verdasco J, Santamaria Fumas A, Sales Pérez JM, Sanchez Hukiyama AK. [Translated article] The effect of showing preoperative photographs on patient satisfaction following forefoot surgery. Rev Esp Cir Ortop Traumatol (Engl Ed) 2024; 68:T247-T252. [PMID: 38232936 DOI: 10.1016/j.recot.2024.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Postoperative outcome measurement typically relies on postoperative radiological results and clinical-functional scales; however, there is a growing interest in considering patient satisfaction (including subjective aspects) as part of the success of forefoot surgery. OBJECTIVE To determine whether showing a preoperative photograph improves satisfaction in postoperative forefoot surgery patients. MATERIAL AND METHODS An observational, cross-sectional, analytical study was conducted in the foot and ankle unit of our centre. We included 120 participants between 18 and 90 years old who underwent forefoot surgery. The degree of satisfaction was compared using the PSQ-10 questionnaire between a group of patients who received a preoperative foot appearance image at their 3-month postoperative follow-up and those who did not receive it. RESULTS The overall satisfaction rate was 78.33% at 3 months after the intervention. The 93.6% of patients who received the photograph were satisfied at the postoperative follow-up, while in the control group, it was 86.2% with a p value of 0.218. CONCLUSION The degree of satisfaction in patients undergoing forefoot surgery is not associated with the presentation of preoperative photographs.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Boó Gustems
- Unidad Pie y Tobillo, Servicio de Cirugía Ortopédica y Traumatología, Complex Hospitalari Moisès Broggi, Sant Joan Despí, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - J D Molano Castro
- Unidad Pie y Tobillo, Servicio de Cirugía Ortopédica y Traumatología, Complex Hospitalari Moisès Broggi, Sant Joan Despí, Barcelona, Spain
| | - L López-Capdevila
- Unidad Pie y Tobillo, Servicio de Cirugía Ortopédica y Traumatología, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M C Castro Álvarez
- Unidad Pie y Tobillo, Servicio de Cirugía Ortopédica y Traumatología, Consorci Sanitari Integral, Barcelona, Spain
| | - E A Muñoz Ruano
- Servicio de Cirugía Ortopédica y Traumatología, Hospital de Palamós, Palamós, Girona, Spain
| | - A Domínguez Sevilla
- Unidad Pie y Tobillo, Servicio de Cirugía Ortopédica y Traumatología, Complex Hospitalari Moisès Broggi, Sant Joan Despí, Barcelona, Spain
| | - J Román Verdasco
- Unidad Pie y Tobillo, Servicio de Cirugía Ortopédica y Traumatología, Complex Hospitalari Moisès Broggi, Sant Joan Despí, Barcelona, Spain
| | - A Santamaria Fumas
- Unidad Pie y Tobillo, Servicio de Cirugía Ortopédica y Traumatología, Complex Hospitalari Moisès Broggi, Sant Joan Despí, Barcelona, Spain
| | - J M Sales Pérez
- Unidad Pie y Tobillo, Servicio de Cirugía Ortopédica y Traumatología, Complex Hospitalari Moisès Broggi, Sant Joan Despí, Barcelona, Spain
| | - A K Sanchez Hukiyama
- Servicio de Cirugía Ortopédica y Traumatología, Clínica Internacional, Lima, Peru
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6
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Boó Gustems N, Molano Castro JD, López-Capdevila L, Castro Álvarez MC, Muñoz Ruano EA, Domínguez Sevilla A, Román Verdasco J, Santamaria Fumas A, Sales Pérez JM, Sanchez Hukiyama AK. The effect of showing preoperative photographs on patient satisfaction following forefoot surgery. Rev Esp Cir Ortop Traumatol (Engl Ed) 2024; 68:247-252. [PMID: 38043740 DOI: 10.1016/j.recot.2023.11.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Postoperative outcome measurement typically relies on postoperative radiological results and clinical-functional scales; however, there is a growing interest in considering patient satisfaction (including subjective aspects) as part of the success of forefoot surgery. OBJECTIVE To determine whether showing a preoperative photograph improves satisfaction in postoperative forefoot surgery patients. MATERIAL AND METHODS An observational, cross-sectional, analytical study was conducted in the foot and ankle unit of our center. We included 120 participants between 18 and 90 years old who underwent forefoot surgery. The degree of satisfaction was compared using the PSQ-10 questionnaire between a group of patients who received a preoperative foot appearance image at their 3-month postoperative follow-up and those who did not receive it. RESULTS The overall satisfaction rate was 78.33% at 3 months after the intervention. The 93.6% of patients who received the photograph were satisfied at the postoperative follow-up, while in the control group, it was 86.2% with a p-value of 0.218. CONCLUSION The degree of satisfaction in patients undergoing forefoot surgery is not associated with the presentation of preoperative photographs.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Boó Gustems
- Unidad Pie y Tobillo, Servicio de Cirugía Ortopédica y Traumatología, Complex Hospitalari Moisès Broggi, Sant Joan Despí, Barcelona, España.
| | - J D Molano Castro
- Unidad Pie y Tobillo, Servicio de Cirugía Ortopédica y Traumatología, Complex Hospitalari Moisès Broggi, Sant Joan Despí, Barcelona, España
| | - L López-Capdevila
- Unidad Pie y Tobillo, Servicio de Cirugía Ortopédica y Traumatología, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, España
| | - M C Castro Álvarez
- Unidad Pie y Tobillo, Servicio de Cirugía Ortopédica y Traumatología, Consorci Sanitari Integral, Barcelona, España
| | - E A Muñoz Ruano
- Servicio de Cirugía Ortopédica y Traumatología, Hospital de Palamós, Palamós, Girona, España
| | - A Domínguez Sevilla
- Unidad Pie y Tobillo, Servicio de Cirugía Ortopédica y Traumatología, Complex Hospitalari Moisès Broggi, Sant Joan Despí, Barcelona, España
| | - J Román Verdasco
- Unidad Pie y Tobillo, Servicio de Cirugía Ortopédica y Traumatología, Complex Hospitalari Moisès Broggi, Sant Joan Despí, Barcelona, España
| | - A Santamaria Fumas
- Unidad Pie y Tobillo, Servicio de Cirugía Ortopédica y Traumatología, Complex Hospitalari Moisès Broggi, Sant Joan Despí, Barcelona, España
| | - J M Sales Pérez
- Unidad Pie y Tobillo, Servicio de Cirugía Ortopédica y Traumatología, Complex Hospitalari Moisès Broggi, Sant Joan Despí, Barcelona, España
| | - A K Sanchez Hukiyama
- Servicio de Cirugía Ortopédica y Traumatología, Clínica Internacional, Lima, Perú
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Moritz WE, Volk GF, Kreysa H, Guntinas-Lichius O. Translation and validation of the German version of the FACE-Q paralysis module in adult patients with unilateral peripheral facial palsy. Sci Rep 2024; 14:7606. [PMID: 38556525 PMCID: PMC10982296 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-58159-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024] Open
Abstract
The aim was to develop and validate a German version of the FACE-Q paralysis module, a patient-reported outcome measure to assess health-related quality of life in adult patients with unilateral facial palsy. The FACE-Q craniofacial questionnaire, which includes the paralysis module, was translated. 213 patients with facial palsy completed the German FACE-Q paralysis along with the established FDI and FaCE questionnaires. Regression analyses were performed to examine the relationships between the different FACE-Q domains and patient and therapy characteristics. The FACE-Q scales had high internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha all > 0.6). High correlations were found between the FACE-Q and the FDI and FaCE (mean rho = 0.5), as well as within the FACE-Q (mean rho = 0.522). Unifactorial influences were found for all domains except Breathing (all p < 0.05). Multivariate independent predictors were found for some FACE-Q domains. Most influential predictors (> 8 subdomains): Patients who received physical therapy scored lower in ten subdomains than those who did not (all p < 0.05). Patients who had surgery scored lower in nine subdomains than patients without surgery (all p < 0.05). The German version of the FACE-Q Paralysis Module can now be used as a patient-reported outcome instrument in adult patients with facial nerve palsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wieta Elin Moritz
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Jena University Hospital, Am Klinikum 1, 07747, Jena, Germany
| | - Gerd Fabian Volk
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Jena University Hospital, Am Klinikum 1, 07747, Jena, Germany
- Facial-Nerve-Center, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
- Center for Rare Diseases, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Helene Kreysa
- Department for General Psychology and Cognitive Neuroscience, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany
| | - Orlando Guntinas-Lichius
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Jena University Hospital, Am Klinikum 1, 07747, Jena, Germany.
- Facial-Nerve-Center, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany.
- Center for Rare Diseases, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany.
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Murray K, Davey J, Dennis M, Harris D, Hayman E, Rieger E. The effect of appearance and functionality concerns, and weight status, on negative body image mental health literacy in women. Body Image 2024; 49:101703. [PMID: 38502983 DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2024.101703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
Few studies have investigated community knowledge and beliefs about negative body image. Yet, low rates of recognition and help-seeking for body image concerns have been reported. Given the prevalence of body image problems and associated mental health risks in women, the current online study investigated negative body image mental health literacy in 260 women aged 18 to 64 years recruited via Prolific. The mental health literacy paradigm was employed in a 2 × 2 experimental design in which the effect of a target's domain of body image concern (appearance versus body functionality) and weight status ("normal weight" versus "overweight") was assessed on problem recognition, beliefs, and help-seeking recommendations. Overall, low symptom recognition was observed, and ratings for beliefs and help-seeking suggested low levels of stigma. However, significantly greater sympathy and lifestyle support recommendations were observed in the overweight compared to normal weight condition, and a domain × weight interaction suggested significantly fewer negative emotional reactions in the appearance overweight condition compared to appearance normal weight, and functionality overweight, conditions. The findings suggest a need for education about body image independent of weight status in women. Future research would benefit from examining diverse samples, broader functionality concerns, and stigma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen Murray
- School of Medicine and Psychology, 39 University Avenue, Australian National University, Canberra ACT 2601, Australia.
| | - Jack Davey
- School of Medicine and Psychology, 39 University Avenue, Australian National University, Canberra ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Mosa Dennis
- School of Medicine and Psychology, 39 University Avenue, Australian National University, Canberra ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Darcy Harris
- School of Medicine and Psychology, 39 University Avenue, Australian National University, Canberra ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Erin Hayman
- School of Medicine and Psychology, 39 University Avenue, Australian National University, Canberra ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Elizabeth Rieger
- School of Medicine and Psychology, 39 University Avenue, Australian National University, Canberra ACT 2601, Australia
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Kling J, Billaud Feragen K. Experiences of appearance conversations among young people living with a visible difference. Body Image 2024; 49:101699. [PMID: 38489964 DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2024.101699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
Stigmatisation surrounding having a visible difference to the face or body may have a marked impact on how young people communicate about appearance. The aim of our study was therefore to explore the experiences of appearance conversations among young people living with a visible difference. Interviews were conducted with 32 young people (mean age 14.1 years; 67.7% girls), with a condition resulting in a visible difference (e.g., craniofacial condition or scarring). Using reflexive thematic analysis, we identified three themes. Importance of Safety and Understanding reflects the importance of feeling safe in order to be able to talk about appearance. Participants described appearance conversations as often originating in their need for emotional support or practical assistance when encountering difficulties (Conversations When in Need of Support), but appearance was also experienced as a sensitive topic that was difficult to talk about (Avoiding Appearance Conversations). Our results highlight the importance of creating spaces where young people with a visible difference feel safe to bring up the topic of appearance when in need of support. Elements that facilitate such conversations include others having knowledge about the condition and having one's feelings and experiences validated instead of minimised.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Kling
- Centre for Rare Disorders, Rikshospitalet, Oslo University Hospital, Norway; Department of Psychology, University of Gothenburg, Sweden.
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Al-Omiri MK, Atieh DWA, Al Nazeh AA, Almoammar S, Bin Hassan SA, Alshadidi AAF, Aldosari LIN, Aljehani A, Shat NM, Lynch E. Relationships between perception of black triangles appearance, personality factors and level of education. Sci Rep 2024; 14:5675. [PMID: 38454057 PMCID: PMC10920646 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-55855-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
This analytical cross-sectional study evaluated the perception of black triangles (BT) and examined the relationships between the perception of BT, personality factors, different educational backgrounds and demographic factors. 435 participants were included and divided into four groups: dentists, clinical (4th and 5th year) dental students, pre-clinical (3rd year) dental students, and laypeople. Participants' perception of the attractiveness of smile profiles of maxillary and mandibular anterior dentition with BT was rated using a ten-point VAS scale with 0 being the least, and 10 being the most attractive smile profile. The personality was assessed using the NEO-FFI personality questionnaire. The smile profile with multiple large BT was rated the least attractive for the maxillary (mean = 3.6) and mandibular (mean = 3.9) tested profiles. The smile profile without BT was rated the most attractive for the maxillary (mean = 9.1) and mandibular (mean = 8.8) tested profiles. The dental professionals perceived the maxillary smile profile with multiple large BT as less attractive than the non-dental participants (t = - 2.715, P = 0.007). Being a male, having dental education, having lower Neuroticism scores, as well as having higher Openness, Agreeableness, Conscientiousness, and Extraversion scores predicted and contributed more towards perceiving various tested smile profiles as more attractive. These findings show that black triangles negatively impacts the perception of smile attractiveness, and that personality traits and having dental education impact the perception of smile attractiveness for smiles with black triangles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud K Al-Omiri
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Jordan, Queen Rania Street, Amman, 11942, Jordan.
- Department of Prosthodontics, The City of London Dental School, Canada Water, Lower Road, London, UK.
| | | | - Abdullah A Al Nazeh
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Khalid University, Asir-Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Salem Almoammar
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Khalid University, Asir-Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saeed Awod Bin Hassan
- Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Khalid University, Asir-Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulkhaliq Ali F Alshadidi
- Department of Allied Dental Health Sciences, College of Medical Applied Sciences, King Khalid University, Asir-Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Lujain Ibrahim N Aldosari
- Department of Prosthetic Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Khalid University, Asir-Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmad Aljehani
- Dental Department-Periodontics Division, King Fahad Armed Forces Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Naji M Shat
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dental and Oral Surgery, University of Palestine, Al-Zahra, Palestine
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11
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Hewitt J, Murray K. Negative body image mental health literacy in women: Exploring aesthetic and functional concerns and the role of self-objectification. Body Image 2024; 48:101657. [PMID: 38061211 DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2023.101657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Despite its high prevalence in women, few studies have examined lay knowledge and beliefs about negative body image. Yet, studies applying mental health literacy to body image problems suggest recognition of appearance concerns is poor, which could impede help-seeking. The present study extended previous work by investigating problem recognition, beliefs and help-seeking for aesthetic and functional (physical ability focused) body image concerns in women, and the role of self-objectification in help-seeking. A within-subjects online survey design employing the mental health literacy paradigm was undertaken in a sample of 210 female-identifying adults residing in Australia (Mage = 31.25, SD = 12.76). Overall, results indicated that recognition of body image problems depicted via fictional text vignettes was limited. Moreover, recognition, as well as ratings of perceived prevalence, distress, sympathy, affective reactions, and help-seeking recommendations and intentions, were significantly greater for aesthetic compared to functional body image concerns. Self-objectification displayed significant negative associations with help-seeking recommendations for aesthetic (but not functional) concerns, and was not associated with help-seeking intentions. Findings suggest that negative body image mental health literacy is poor in women, particularly in relation to body functionality. More research is needed to facilitate help-seeking and reduce the impact of body image concerns in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Hewitt
- School of Medicine and Psychology, College of Health and Medicine, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia.
| | - Kristen Murray
- School of Medicine and Psychology, College of Health and Medicine, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
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12
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Jansson I, Thörne K, Masterson D. Beyond conventional healthcare for mental health problems: Experiences of existential group conversations. Scand J Occup Ther 2024; 31:2244547. [PMID: 37552998 DOI: 10.1080/11038128.2023.2244547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mental health problems (MHP) are a major public health challenge. Conventional healthcare has shown limitation on reducing MHP and there is a call for offering methods beyond healthcare as well as improve access to healthcare. AIMS To explore experiences among people having MHP of (i) taking part in existential conversations in groups beyond conventional healthcare and (ii) seeking and receiving conventional healthcare. MATERIALS AND METHODS Four focus group interviews were conducted after finishing existential conversations in groups. Data was analyzed following thematic analysis. RESULTS The theme Access to a community for exploration and acceptance describes communication through impressions and expressions together with others. A reflective perspective on everyday life, describes re-evaluation through reflection. Within the theme Experiences of healthcare related encounters, referring to the second aim, participants recollected feelings of disconnectedness, difficulties verbalizing MHP and dealing with rigid, standardized measures. CONCLUSION Existential conversations in group may contribute to a more reflected doing in accordance with one's own values as well as improved mental health literacy. Design and measures within healthcare need to explicitly address MHP and consider individual's own preferences. SIGNIFICANCE This study contributes to understanding of coping with MHP in everyday life from an existential perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inger Jansson
- Department of Rehabilitation, School of Health Sciences, Jönköping University, Jönköping, Sweden
| | - Karin Thörne
- Jönköping Academy for Improvement of Health and Welfare, Jönköping University, Jönköping, Sweden
- Futurum, Region Jönköping Council, Jönköping, Sweden
| | - Daniel Masterson
- Jönköping Academy for Improvement of Health and Welfare, Jönköping University, Jönköping, Sweden
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13
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Nowicki GP, Rodgers RF. Pressures to be "shedding for the wedding": An evaluation of the tripartite influence model of disordered eating and body dissatisfaction among engaged women. Eat Behav 2024; 52:101849. [PMID: 38308904 DOI: 10.1016/j.eatbeh.2024.101849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
Disordered eating and body image concerns are particularly prevalent among women who are engaged to be married (i.e., brides-to-be), and this population may be subject to increased social and cultural pressure to achieve specific appearance ideals. The tripartite influence model purports that appearance pressures from four sources (peers, family, romantic partners, and media) influence body image and disordered eating outcomes through thin ideal internalization and appearance comparison. The present cross-sectional study sought to examine the relationships between tripartite theory constructs, body image, and disordered eating among 329 brides-to-be using path analysis with robust estimation. In the final model, media influence was the only tripartite predictor associated with both thin ideal internalization and appearance comparison. Further, thin ideal internalization and appearance comparison were associated with disordered eating directly as well as indirectly through body dissatisfaction. Altogether, the influence variables explained 39 % of the variance in disordered eating. While appearance pressures from media, peers, and partners were indirectly associated with disordered eating through one or more hypothesized indirect pathways, appearance pressure from family was not, indicating this relationship may be uniquely impacted by other factors not captured in tripartite models. Results suggest that family and media influence are most strongly associated with disordered eating in this group and have the capacity to inform future research as well as intervention development and dissemination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genevieve P Nowicki
- APPEAR, Department of Applied Psychology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Rachel F Rodgers
- APPEAR, Department of Applied Psychology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Psychiatric Emergency and Acute Care, Lapeyronie Hospital, CHRU Montpellier, France
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14
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Farmer WS, Marathe KS. Atopic Dermatitis: Managing the Itch. Adv Exp Med Biol 2024; 1447:191-207. [PMID: 38724794 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-54513-9_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis has a substantial impact on sleep, appearance, psychological well-being, and other qualities of life. The visual appearance of lichenification, cheilitis, hyperpigmentation, ichthyosis, and erythema can be socially stigmatizing, and treatment of these symptoms is challenging. In managing pruritus in patients, practitioners should assess and document pruritus through questionnaires at each routine visit. Initially, practitioners should advise patients to employ nonpharmaceutical treatments such as emollients with wet wraps, elimination of triggers, changing scratching habits, and psychological interventions. If these methods of treatment are not successful or if the disease presentation is severe, pharmacological therapies should be employed. This chapter describes the therapeutic ladder for pruritus in atopic dermatitis and discusses each treatment modality in further detail for practitioners to advise their patients.First-line topical pharmaceutical agents include topical glucocorticoids and topical calcineurin inhibitors. Second-line topical agents include coal tar, menthol, capsaicin, or doxepin. After the use of topical agents has been exhausted, primary systemic agents can be applied. These include sedating antihistamines, nonsedating antihistamines, oral glucocorticoids, or cyclosporine A. Finally, neuromodulating or immunomodulating agents can be attempted, including SSRI/SNRIs, TCAs, immunosuppressants, neural modulators, and opioid receptor modulators. Outside of pharmacological treatments, phototherapy has been shown to provide a dramatic improvement of pruritus in atopic dermatitis and can be used at any stage of treatment including as a first-line agent.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kalyani S Marathe
- Department of Dermatology, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
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15
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Powell LD, Vasiliou VS, Thompson AR. An ACT self-help intervention for adults with a visible difference in appearance: A pilot feasibility and acceptability randomized controlled study. Body Image 2023; 47:101637. [PMID: 37839287 DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2023.101637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
Individuals living with a visible difference in appearance experience high levels of social anxiety, yet self-help interventions for this heterogeneous population are not available. We conducted a pilot trial of a novel Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) based self-help intervention.Individuals with anxiety about having a visible difference in appearance (n = 284) were randomized to an ACT-based four-week intervention (n = 145) or a waitlist control condition (n = 139). We collected pre and follow-up (four-weeks after the completion of the intervention) data. Primary outcomes included social anxiety and impairments in functioning. Psychological flexibility (PF) was also examined. ANCOVAs, controlling for pre scores, indicated significant improvements in functioning by the intervention group. No significant differences were observed for anxiety and PF between conditions at follow-up. Drop out was 68% for the intervention and 41% for the control group, with no differences in the groups in age, origin, gender, or type of visible difference. Participants in the intervention group found the intervention almost equally, useful (77%) and helpful (73%). An ACT-based self-help intervention can alleviate distress related to visible difference in appearance. More sophisticated designs are needed now, to collect idiographic and longitudinal data and examine personalized changes across time in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vasilis S Vasiliou
- South Wales Clinical Psychology Training, Cardiff University, 11th Floor, Tower Building, 70 Park Place, Cardiff CF10 3AT, Wales, UK; Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences (NDORMS), University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Andrew R Thompson
- University of Sheffield, School of Psychology, Sheffield, UK; South Wales Clinical Psychology Training, Cardiff University, 11th Floor, Tower Building, 70 Park Place, Cardiff CF10 3AT, Wales, UK.
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16
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Gao X, Zhao X, Hu F, Fu J, Zhang Z, Liu Z, Wang B, He R, Ma H, Ho CT. The latest advances on soy sauce research in the past decade: Emphasis on the advances in China. Food Res Int 2023; 173:113407. [PMID: 37803742 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.113407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023]
Abstract
As an indispensable soybean-fermented condiment, soy sauce is extensively utilized in catering, daily cooking and food industry in East Asia and Southeast Asia and is becoming popular in the whole world. In the past decade, researchers began to pay great importance to the scientific research of soy sauce, which remarkably promoted the advances on fermentation strains, quality, safety, function and other aspects of soy sauce. Of them, the screening and reconstruction of Aspergillus oryzae with high-yield of salt and acid-tolerant proteases, mechanism of soy sauce flavor formation, improvement of soy sauce quality through the combination of novel physical processing technique and microbial/enzyme, separation and identification of soy sauce functional components are attracting more attention of researchers, and related achievements have been reported continually. Meanwhile, we pointed out the drawbacks of the above research and the future research directions based on published literature and our knowledge. We believe that this review can provide an insightful reference for international related researchers to understand the advances on soy sauce research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianli Gao
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China.
| | - Xue Zhao
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China.
| | - Feng Hu
- Guangdong Meiweixian Flavoring Foods Co., Ltd., 1 Chubang Road, Zhongshan 5284012, China.
| | - Jiangyan Fu
- Guangdong Meiweixian Flavoring Foods Co., Ltd., 1 Chubang Road, Zhongshan 5284012, China.
| | - Zhankai Zhang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China.
| | - Zhan Liu
- Guangdong Meiweixian Flavoring Foods Co., Ltd., 1 Chubang Road, Zhongshan 5284012, China.
| | - Bo Wang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China.
| | - Ronghai He
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China.
| | - Haile Ma
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China.
| | - Chi-Tang Ho
- Department of Food Science, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA.
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17
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Forino S, Cameron L, Stones N, Freeman M. Horse-Rider Pairing Perception by Dressage Judges and Equestrian Coaches. J Equine Vet Sci 2023; 128:104864. [PMID: 37343691 DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2023.104864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
The ideal equestrian body image (BI) is a smaller physique and riders feel body shape (BS) influences subjective judge scoring within dressage competitions. The aims were to identify perceptions of equestrian coaches and dressage judges of rider body shape (BS), identify perceptions of appropriate horse-rider matching and establish the impact of BS on perceived rider ability. An online survey (GoogleFormsTM) was shared, respondents (n = 265, coaches = 174 judges = 91) viewed images of twelve riders of different BS (Ectomorph, Mesomorph, and Endomorph) mounted on three horses of different breeds/types and asked to indicate the best horse-rider match. Judges were asked if body shape or inappropriate horse-rider matching influenced scores given, this was used to identify any bias from judges. A significant perception for horse rider matching identified the cob as the most appropriate for the Endomorph physique (P < .001). Ectomorph was the most chosen as the ideal BS on all horses. Both coaches and judges identified the ideal physique as a smaller image from the BI scale. Both coaches and judges individually perceive that BS impacts rider ability (P < .001). These findings of BS perceived as linked to rider skill potentially identifies an issue and may correspond to the smaller physique being idealistic. Future research into physique related bias from judges is required to further identify the impact of BS on subjective judging within equestrian sport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Forino
- University Centre Sparsholt, Westley Lane, Winchester, SO21 2NF, UK.
| | - Lorna Cameron
- Hartpury University, Hartpury House, Gloucester GL19 3BE, UK
| | - Natalie Stones
- University Centre Sparsholt, Westley Lane, Winchester, SO21 2NF, UK
| | - Marianne Freeman
- University Centre Sparsholt, Westley Lane, Winchester, SO21 2NF, UK
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18
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Cecil V, Pendry LF, Ashbullby K, Salvatore J. Masquerading their way to authenticity: Does age stigma concealment benefit older women? J Women Aging 2023; 35:428-445. [PMID: 36174986 DOI: 10.1080/08952841.2022.2128245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/17/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
As women age they can be subject to both sexism and ageism, and consequently be stereotyped as low in competence and irrelevant despite having a relatively young subjective age. Drawing on theories of stigma, we conducted a survey study of older women (N = 184) with a strong interest in fashion and their visual image. We used template thematic analysis to understand their experiences in relation to their age-changed appearance. Two major themes were identified: unfavourable experiences of ageism and efforts to evade these experiences through attention to appearance. Our participants employed masquerade to conceal or reduce the visible evidence of their age-both to avoid ageism and to align their outward appearance more closely with their inner, felt, authentic selves. We interrogate the benefits and penalties of concealment for a group whose stigmatised condition is dynamic, changing as their appearance grows increasingly dissimilar to societally favoured youthfulness. Masquerade may for this group of women produce more positive than negative outcomes, via effects on felt authenticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Cecil
- Department of Psychology, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Louise F Pendry
- Department of Psychology, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Katherine Ashbullby
- Department of Psychology, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Jessica Salvatore
- Department of Psychology, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA, USA
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19
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Patel TA, Wilver NL, Cougle JR. Appearance-related safety behaviors predict symptoms of body dysmorphic disorder following internet-based treatment. Body Image 2023; 46:84-90. [PMID: 37245382 DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2023.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Recent experimental evidence has found that appearance related safety behaviors (i.e., practices meant to avoid a perceived feared outcome) likely play a crucial role in maintaining symptoms of body dysmorphic disorder (BDD). The present study sought to determine if these behaviors predicted BDD symptom severity following treatment. Participants (N = 50) with BDD were randomized to either eight sessions of interpretation bias modification or progressive muscle relaxation. Both treatments led to reductions in BDD symptom severity and appearance-related safety behaviors, though moderate levels of safety behaviors persisted at both posttreatment and follow-up. Importantly, post-treatment appearance related safety behaviors significantly predicted BDD symptom severity at three-month follow-up. Taken together, the present findings suggest appearance related safety behaviors maintain BDD symptoms following effective computerized treatments and provide further evidence for their importance in the treatment of BDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tapan A Patel
- Department of Psychology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | | | - Jesse R Cougle
- Department of Psychology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA.
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20
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Waite F, Diamond R, Collett N, Bold E, Chadwick E, Freeman D. Body image concerns in patients with persecutory delusions. Psychol Med 2023; 53:4121-4129. [PMID: 35387699 PMCID: PMC10317811 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291722000800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Persecutory fears build on feelings of vulnerability that arise from negative views of the self. Body image concerns have the potential to be a powerful driver of feelings of vulnerability. Body image concerns are likely raised in patients with psychosis given the frequent weight gain. We examined for the first-time body esteem - the self-evaluation of appearance - in relation to symptom and psychological correlates in patients with current persecutory delusions. METHODS One-hundred and fifteen patients with persecutory delusions in the context of non-affective psychosis completed assessments of body image, self-esteem, body mass index (BMI), psychiatric symptoms and well-being. Body esteem was also assessed in 200 individuals from the general population. RESULTS Levels of body esteem were much lower in patients with psychosis than non-clinical controls (d = 1.2, p < 0.001). In patients, body esteem was lower in women than men, and in the overweight or obese BMI categories than the normal weight range. Body image concerns were associated with higher levels of depression (r = -0.55, p < 0.001), negative self-beliefs (r = -0.52, p < 0.001), paranoia (r = -0.25, p = 0.006) and hallucinations (r = -0.21, p = 0.025). Body image concerns were associated with lower levels of psychological wellbeing (r = 0.41, p < 0.001), positive self-beliefs (r = 0.40, p < 0.001), quality of life (r = 0.23, p = 0.015) and overall health (r = 0.31, p = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Patients with current persecutory delusions have low body esteem. Body image concerns are associated with poorer physical and mental health, including more severe psychotic experiences. Improving body image for patients with psychosis is a plausible target of intervention, with the potential to result in a wide range of benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felicity Waite
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Oxford Health NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Rowan Diamond
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Oxford Health NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Nicola Collett
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Oxford Health NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Emily Bold
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Daniel Freeman
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Oxford Health NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
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21
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Kennedy DL, Chism-Balangue T, Furniss D. Reporting of scar outcomes in the hand and wrist; a state-of-the-art literature review. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2023; 24:249. [PMID: 37004025 PMCID: PMC10064537 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-023-06296-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this literature review was to synthesise and report current practice in evaluation and reporting of scar outcomes in hand and wrist clinical research. METHODS A systematic search from inception to 2022 was conducted using three electronic databases. English language randomized controlled trials and observational cohort studies reporting standardised scar outcome measures and/or scar symptoms, appearance, impairment, function, or mental health outcomes in patients with hand and wrist scars were included. Two independent reviewers determined study eligibility and performed data extraction of a priori identified scar outcome domains. Data analysis included descriptive statistics and identification of discordance in taxonomy. RESULTS Fifty-nine studies were included. Elective surgery cohorts were the most frequently included clinical population (n = 28; 47%) followed by burns (n = 16; 27%). Six different standardised scar outcome measures were reported by 25% of studies however only 7% of studies utilised a patient-reported measure. Scar symptoms were the most frequently reported outcome domain (81%); but taxonomy was incongruous, constructs lacked working definitions required for generalisability and outcome measurement was variable and unreported. Nineteen different measures of scar appearance and structure were reported by 30 (51%) of studies however only nine (23%) were patient-reported. Seven different hand function PROMs were reported by 25 (43%) studies. Person-centred domains including scar acceptability (12%), mental health impact (5%), and social participation (4%) were rarely reported. CONCLUSIONS This review highlights that evaluation and reporting of hand and wrist scar outcomes is not standardised, assessment methods and measures are under-reported and there is discordance in taxonomy. Evaluation is not person-centred, rather it is dependent on clinician assessment. Domains including scar acceptability, mental health, and social participation are rarely addressed. A stakeholder consensus derived hand and wrist scar core outcome measurement set will promote standardisation and underpin improvements in clinical research quality, transparency, and rigour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donna L Kennedy
- Therapy Department, Charing Cross Hospital, Fulham Palace Road, London, W6 8RF, UK.
- Pain Research, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK.
| | | | - Dominic Furniss
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology, and Musculoskeletal Science, University of Oxford, Botnar Research Centre, Oxford, UK
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22
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Roesler E, Heuring M, Onnasch L. (Hu)man-Like Robots: The Impact of Anthropomorphism and Language on Perceived Robot Gender. Int J Soc Robot 2023:1-12. [PMID: 37359431 PMCID: PMC10027596 DOI: 10.1007/s12369-023-00975-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
Implementing anthropomorphic features to robots is a frequently used approach to create positive perceptions in human-robot interaction. However, anthropomorphism does not always lead to positive consequences and might trigger a more gendered perception of robots. More precisely, anthropomorphic features of robots seem to evoke a male-robot bias. Yet, it is unclear if this bias is induced via a male appearance of higher anthropomorphic robots, a general male-technology bias, or even due to language aspects. As the word robot is differently grammatically gendered in different languages, this might be associated with the representation of robot gender. To target these open questions, we investigated how the degree of anthropomorphism and the way the word robot is gendered in different languages, as well as within one language influence the perceived gender of the robot. We therefore conducted two online-studies in which participants were presented with pictures of differently anthropomorphic robots. The first study investigated two different samples from which one was conducted in German, as grammatically-gendered language, and one in English as natural gender language. We did not find significant differences between both languages. Robots with a higher degree of anthropomorphism were perceived as significantly more male than neutral or female. The second study investigated the effect of grammatically-gendered descriptions (feminine, masculine, neuter) on the perception of robots. This study revealed that masculine grammatical gender tends to reinforce a male ascription of gender-neutral robots. The results suggest that the male-robot bias found in previous studies seems to be associated with appearance of most anthropomorphic robots, and the grammatical gender the robot is referenced by.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eileen Roesler
- Department of Psychology and Ergonomics, Technische Universität Berlin, Marchstr. 12, 10587 Berlin, Germany
| | - Maris Heuring
- Department of Psychology and Ergonomics, Technische Universität Berlin, Marchstr. 12, 10587 Berlin, Germany
| | - Linda Onnasch
- Department of Psychology and Ergonomics, Technische Universität Berlin, Marchstr. 12, 10587 Berlin, Germany
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Siemann I, Kleiss I, Beurskens C, Custers J, Kwakkenbos L. 'Everybody is watching me': A closer look at anxiety in people with facial palsy. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg 2023; 77:408-15. [PMID: 36638757 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjps.2022.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Objectives were to evaluate the sociodemographic and disease-related factors, and coping style associated with social interaction and social appearance anxiety in people with unilateral facial palsy. METHODS Medical data were extracted from electronic health records, and participants completed the Social Interaction Anxiety Scale (SIAS), Social Appearance Anxiety Scale (SAAS), and Coping Orientation to Problems Experienced inventory. Associations of SIAS and SAAS scores with sociodemographic and disease variables, and coping were assessed with multiple linear regression. RESULTS Among 111 participants (mean age 58.6 years; 59% women), higher age and greater use of emotion-focused coping were associated with lower SIAS scores, whereas greater use of avoidant coping was associated with higher SIAS scores. Higher age, male sex, and greater use of emotion-focused coping were associated with lower SAAS scores, whereas greater use of avoidant coping was associated with higher SAAS scores. CONCLUSIONS Healthcare providers should understand that women and younger people are more likely to have social appearance concerns and that this is not predicted by the objective severity of facial palsy.
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Alighieri C, Haeghebaert Y, Bettens K, Kissel I, D'haeseleer E, Meerschman I, Van Der Sanden R, Van Lierde K. Peer attitudes towards adolescents with speech disorders due to cleft lip and palate. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2023; 165:111447. [PMID: 36701818 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2023.111447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Individuals with speech disorders are often judged more negatively than peers without speech disorders. A limited number of studies examined the attitudes of adolescents toward peers with speech disorders due to a cleft lip with or without a cleft of the palate (CL ± P). Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the attitudes of peers toward the speech of adolescents with CL ± P. METHOD Seventy-eight typically developing adolescents (15-18 years, 26 boys, 52 girls) judged audio and audiovisual samples of two adolescents with CL ± P based on three attitude components, i.e., cognitive, affective, and behavioral. The degree of speech intelligibility was also scored by their peers. The study investigated whether the three attitudes were determined by speech intelligibility or appearance of an individual with CL ± P. Furthermore, the influence of knowing someone with a cleft, the age, and gender of the listeners on their attitudes were explored. RESULTS A significantly positive correlation was found between the speech intelligibility percentage and the three different attitude components: more positive attitudes were observed when the speech intelligibility of the speaker was higher. A different appearance due to a cleft lip does not lead to more negative attitudes. Furthermore, boys seem to have more negative attitudes toward individuals with CL ± P compared to girls. CONCLUSION This study provided additional evidence that peers show more negative attitudes toward adolescents with less intelligible speech due to CL ± P. Intervention should focus on changing the cognitive, affective, and behavioral attitudes of peers in a more positive direction and remove the stigma of patients with a cleft. Further research is needed to verify these results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassandra Alighieri
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Center for Speech and Language Sciences (CESLAS), Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Ymke Haeghebaert
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Center for Speech and Language Sciences (CESLAS), Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kim Bettens
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Center for Speech and Language Sciences (CESLAS), Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Imke Kissel
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Center for Speech and Language Sciences (CESLAS), Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Evelien D'haeseleer
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Center for Speech and Language Sciences (CESLAS), Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Iris Meerschman
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Center for Speech and Language Sciences (CESLAS), Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Rani Van Der Sanden
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Center for Speech and Language Sciences (CESLAS), Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kristiane Van Lierde
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Center for Speech and Language Sciences (CESLAS), Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Speech-Language Therapy and Audiology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
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Zimmer-Gembeck MJ, Rudolph JI, Gardner AA. Are you looking at me? A longitudinal vignette study of adolescent appearance rejection sensitivity and coping with peer evaluation. Body Image 2022; 43:253-263. [PMID: 36201861 DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2022.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Appearance rejection sensitivity (ARS) refers to anxiously over-expecting rejection because of perceived appearance flaws. ARS has been associated with poorer mental health, which suggests coping with stress may be negatively affected by ARS. In this study, we investigated if ARS was related to adolescents' emotions and ways of coping with negative appearance evaluation two years later (T2). Other potential correlates of emotions and ways of coping were also tested, including peer appearance teasing, social anxiety, and gender, as well as reports of victimization, social status, and attractiveness gathered from peers. At Time 1 (T1), 329 adolescents (M = 13.9 years, 54% girls) self-reported their ARS, experience of appearance teasing, and social anxiety. T1 appearance victimization, popularity, and attractiveness were measured using peer nominations, and peer likeability was measured with peer ratings. At T2, participants' emotions and coping were measured using vignettes portraying appearance evaluation by peers. In regression models, T1 ARS, appearance teasing, social anxiety and female gender were associated with more T2 negative emotions, social withdrawal, rumination, and (except for social anxiety) thoughts about appearance change. ARS was not significantly associated with T2 positive thinking or support seeking. No peer-report measure was significantly associated with T2 outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie J Zimmer-Gembeck
- Griffith University, School of Applied Psychology and Menzies Health Institute of Queensland, Australia.
| | - Julia I Rudolph
- Griffith University, School of Applied Psychology, Australia
| | - Alex A Gardner
- Griffith University, School of Applied Psychology and Menzies Health Institute of Queensland, Australia
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Sabiston CM, Doré I, Lucibello KM, Pila E, Brunet J, Thibault V, Bélanger M. Body image self-conscious emotions get worse throughout adolescence and relate to physical activity behavior in girls and boys. Soc Sci Med 2022; 315:115543. [PMID: 36413860 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2022.115543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Body image is a commonly-reported factor perpetuating declines in physical activity levels during adolescence. However, the evidence is predominantly qualitative, cross-sectional, and focused on girls. Furthermore, the affective dimension of body image has been overlooked compared to the perceptual (e.g., misrepresentations of body size) and cognitive (e.g., dissatisfaction) dimensions. Affective body image includes a range of self-conscious emotions including guilt, shame, envy, embarrassment, and authentic and hubristic pride. This study examined (i) body-related self-conscious emotions over time, and (ii) associations between body-related emotions and physical activity over five years during early-to-mid adolescence. Potential gender differences were also explored. Self-report data for this study were collected once a year over 5 years as part of the MATCH study. The main analyses involved mixed-effects modeling. Participants (n = 776, 55.8% girls) initially aged 12.6 (SD = 0.6) years who provided data on at least one occasion were included in the analysis. Girls reported higher body-related guilt, shame, envy, and embarrassment than boys, and boys reported higher hubristic pride than girls. Over five years from early to mid-adolescence, body-related shame, guilt, envy, and embarrassment significantly increased for boys and girls, authentic pride did not change, and hubristic pride increased for girls only. Controlling for gender and puberty status, body-related guilt, shame, and embarrassment were negatively, and body-related authentic and hubristic pride were positively, associated with physical activity over time. Body-related envy was not significantly related to physical activity. These findings suggest that adolescents express greater negative body-related self-conscious emotions over time. Since these were negatively related to physical activity, interventions focused on reducing negative body-related emotions and enhancing positive body-related emotions may be valuable in adolescence to help curb declining physical activity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Isabelle Doré
- Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, CHUM Research Centre, Montréal, Québec, Canada.
| | | | - Eva Pila
- Western University, London, ON, Canada.
| | | | | | - Mathieu Bélanger
- Université de Sherbrooke, Moncton, New Brunswick, Canada; Centre de Formation Médicale Du Nouveau-Brunswick, Moncton, New Brunswick, Research Services, Vitalité Health Network, Moncton, New Brunswick, Canada.
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Kling J, Zelihić D, Williamson H, Feragen KB. Is it safe? Exploring positive and negative outcome changes following a web-based intervention for adolescents distressed by a visible difference (YP Face IT). Body Image 2022; 43:8-16. [PMID: 35987178 DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2022.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
Despite the importance of making sure that psychological interventions are safe, research including both positive and negative effects of novel internet-delivered support is scarce. The aim of our study was to explore whether, and in what way, a new intervention for adolescents distressed by a visible difference (YP Face IT; YPF, Norwegian version) led to positive and/or negative outcome changes. Participants were 79 adolescents (62.00% girls; Mage = 13.84, SD = 1.73), with a visible difference. All had access to the YPF programme and answered questionnaires assessing social anxiety and body esteem pre- and post-intervention. Analyses included calculations of statistical as well as clinically significant and reliable changes. Results showed that fewer participants reported clinical levels of social anxiety and low body esteem after access to YPF. Results also indicated that participants who had a positive pre- to post-intervention change had lower levels of perceived self-worth pre-intervention, and spent more time on the intervention than those with a negative pre- to post change. Three participants showed a clinically significant negative and reliable change in social anxiety or body esteem from pre- to post-intervention. However, based on an examination of these participants' characteristics, preliminary findings support the safety of YPF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Kling
- Centre for Rare Disorders, Oslo University Hospital, Norway.
| | - Deniz Zelihić
- Centre for Rare Disorders, Oslo University Hospital, Norway
| | - Heidi Williamson
- Centre for Appearance Research, University of the West of England, Bristol, UK
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Gluppe S, Ellström Engh M, Bø K. Primiparous women's knowledge of diastasis recti abdominis, concerns about abdominal appearance, treatments, and perceived abdominal muscle strength 6-8 months postpartum. A cross sectional comparison study. BMC Womens Health 2022; 22:428. [PMID: 36324105 PMCID: PMC9632123 DOI: 10.1186/s12905-022-02009-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diastasis recti abdominis (DRA) is a prevalent condition in the postpartum period. To date, there is scant knowledge on how DRA influences physical, mental, and emotional health. This study investigates primiparous women`s knowledge about DRA, concerns about abdominal appearance, and perceived abdominal muscle strength, comparing women with and without reported DRA. METHODS This was a cross-sectional comparison study. Data were collected by a web-based questionnaire, mainly through social media in Norway. To be included in the study women had to be primiparous 6-8 months postpartum. The questionnaire contained questions regarding women`s knowledge about DRA, perceived protrusion, received treatment, concerns with abdominal appearance and muscle strength. Abdominal body image was measured through the shape concern questions from The Eating Disorder Examination questionnaire (EDE-Q 6.0). Demographic and other descriptive variables are presented as means with standard deviations (SD) or as frequencies with percentages. Chi-square test of independence and independent sample t-tests were used to compare differences between women with and without abdominal protrusion for categorical and continuous variables, respectively. RESULTS Our sample consisted of 460 women. Knowledge about DRA was reported by 415/440 (94.3%) women. A total of 73.3% reported to have been worried during pregnancy about abdominal appearance postpartum. Mean degree of concern about present abdominal appearance was 5.5/10 (SD 2.4). Almost 80% experienced weaker abdominal muscles than pre-pregnancy. Ninety-six women (20.9%) reported a protrusion along the midline of their abdomen. Significantly more women with protrusion reported weaker abdominal muscles than women without protrusion. The most frequent treatment women with protrusion reported were exercises for the abdominal muscles (92.6%). Mean score on the EDE-Q, shape concern questions, was higher in women with reported protrusion (mean score: 2.37 (SD 1.6) than women without protrusion (mean score: 2.14 (SD 1.4), p = 0.175. CONCLUSION Primiparous women are concerned about abdominal appearance both during pregnancy and after birth. Those reporting abdominal protrusion are less satisfied with their abdominal appearance and they report weaker abdominal muscles than women without protrusion. This study may contribute to improved knowledge about women`s health concerns, and assessment of DRA should be part of routine follow-up of postpartum women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Gluppe
- grid.412285.80000 0000 8567 2092Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sports Sciences, Sognsveien 220, 0806 Oslo, Norway
| | - Marie Ellström Engh
- grid.411279.80000 0000 9637 455XDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Akershus University Hospital, Sykehusveien 25, 1478 Lørenskog, Norway ,grid.5510.10000 0004 1936 8921Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kari Bø
- grid.412285.80000 0000 8567 2092Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sports Sciences, Sognsveien 220, 0806 Oslo, Norway ,grid.411279.80000 0000 9637 455XDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Akershus University Hospital, Sykehusveien 25, 1478 Lørenskog, Norway ,grid.5510.10000 0004 1936 8921Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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Frederick DA, Reynolds TA, Barrera CA, Murray SB. Demographic and sociocultural predictors of face image satisfaction: The U.S. Body Project I. Body Image 2022; 41:1-16. [PMID: 35228101 DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2022.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Despite substantial literature surrounding how people process and perceive faces, there is very little research investigating how people evaluate their own faces. We examined how gender, body mass, race, age, and sexual orientation were linked to people's satisfaction with the appearance of their eyes, nose, facial shape, and face overall among 11,620 adults recruited via Mechanical Turk. Most people mostly or definitely agreed they were happy with their facial appearance. There were notable racial differences, with Asian participants tending to report greater dissatisfaction. For example, only 66% of Asian women and 60% of Asian men mostly or definitely agreed that they were happy with the appearance of their eyes, which was lower than other racial groups. BMI and age were not strongly associated with face satisfaction. Sexual minority men were less satisfied than heterosexual men. About one in four gay and bisexual men, compared to only one in seven heterosexual men, reported dissatisfaction with their overall facial appearance. Men and women with poorer face image engaged in more appearance surveillance, more strongly internalized the thin-ideal, and perceived stronger sociocultural pressures from peers, parents, and media. The current study highlights important sociocultural and demographic factors tied to poorer face image.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Frederick
- Crean College of Health and Behavioral Sciences, Chapman University, Orange, CA, USA.
| | - Tania A Reynolds
- Psychology Department, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA; The Kinsey Institute, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Carlos A Barrera
- Department of Psychology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Stuart B Murray
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Wojtkowska A, Zaborski D, Modrzejewski A, Pastucha M. The effect of cosmetic surgery on mental self-image and life satisfaction in women undergoing breast augmentation: An intermediate role of evaluating the surgery as one of the most important life events. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg 2022; 75:1842-8. [PMID: 35140045 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjps.2022.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
AIM To estimate changes in self-perception and satisfaction in women undegoing breast augmentation surgery (BAS). METHODS Using a quasi-experimental questionnaire study design, we enrolled a cohort of BAS women treated at a private clinic during a 5-year interval. The primary predictor variable was treatment (before/after). The main outcome variables included effect of considering breast augmentation as one of the most important life events on self-image (BAOMILE), and subjective evaluation of physical appearance and life satisfaction. Other study variables were demographic data. The Mann-Whitney and the Wilcoxon signed-rank tests were used to compare the outcomes between before and after the surgery. The Spearman rank correlation and the Pearson chi-squared test were computed to analyze the relationships among variables. RESULTS The sample consisted of 53 subjects (52.3% married; 40.9% from medium-sized towns) with a mean age of 33.2 ± 6.4 years (range, 21-46). Life satisfaction was significantly increased after BAS in the whole cohort (preop., 7.83 vs. postop., 8.42; P = .003; 95% CI, -0.95 to -0.22) as well as in the BAOMILE subgroup (preop., 7.87 vs. postop., 8.56; P = .011; 95% CI, -1.20 to -0.17). Within the BAOMILE subgroup, there was a positive correlation between the appearance assessment and the number of positive traits before surgery (ρ = 0.63; P = .002; 95% CI, 0.27-0.83) and life satisfaction after surgery (ρ = 0.480; P = .03; 95% CI, 0.06-0.74). CONCLUSIONS The results of this study suggest that BAS improves self-perception and life satisfaction of the patients. The psychologist's role in understating patient's motivation for cosmetic surgery and the revision of their attitudes towards expected effects require further investigations.
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Nikita, Rani R, Kumar R. Body image distress among cancer patients: needs for psychosocial intervention development. Support Care Cancer 2022; 30:6035-6043. [PMID: 35412075 PMCID: PMC9002224 DOI: 10.1007/s00520-022-07049-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Objectives This study examines the body image distress among patients with head and neck cancer (HNC) visiting a tertiary care hospital for follow-ups. Design A cross-sectional survey purposively enrolled 170 head and neck cancer (HNC) patients who had undergone cancer surgery at a newly established tertiary care hospital, North India. Methods A structured pre-tested socio-demographic and clinical profile checklist and the Derriford Appearance Scale-24 (DAS-24) were used to collect information. An appropriate descriptive and inferential statistic was applied to compute the findings. Results The median age of the participants was 46.0 years, and 80% of the participants were unemployed. The mean body image distress score was 57.95 (SD = 10.3, 47–66.75, range 42–77). The body image distress shows a significant association with age (p < .001), gender (p = 0.003), and working status (p = 0.032) of the HNC patients. Multilinear regression reported gender as an independent predictor (95% CI: 0.615–8.646, p = 0.025) for body image distress in HNC patients. Conclusions HNC patients reported substantial body image distress due to changes in body appearance. Female patients who had undergone surgery at young age reported higher body image distress. Recommending cosmetic surgery and nurse-led psychosocial nursing intervention on routine follow-ups are other potential strategies to improve facial appearance to overcome the negative impact of body image.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikita
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India, 751029
| | - Ruchika Rani
- Department of Nursing, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India, 249203
| | - Rajesh Kumar
- Department of Nursing, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India, 249203.
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Babaee T, Moradi V, Rouhani N, Shariat A, Parent-Nichols J, Safarnejad H, Nakhaee M. Assessment of reliability and validity of the adapted Persian version of the Spinal Appearance Questionnaire in adolescents with idiopathic scoliosis. Spine Deform 2022; 10:317-326. [PMID: 34533776 DOI: 10.1007/s43390-021-00414-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study investigates the reliability and validity of the adapted Persian version of the Spinal Appearance Questionnaire (P-SAQ). METHODS The stages of cross-cultural adaptation were conducted according to an internationally accepted guidelines. Reliability of the P-SAQ was measured by evaluating internal consistency and test-retest reproducibility using Cronbach's α and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). Validity of the P-SAQ was assessed by factor analysis, and convergent and known-groups validities. Convergent validity was assessed through participant response on the P-SAQ and the revised 22-item Persian version of the Scoliosis Research Society (SRS-22r) questionnaire. Known-groups validity was assessed by comparing the P-SAQ scores according to the patients curve magnitude and treatment type. RESULTS A total of 106 patients with a diagnosis of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) were included. The P-SAQ demonstrated an acceptable internal consistency with a Cronbach's α of 0.77 (range 0.65-0.72). The test-retest reliability was excellent (range ICC 0.85-0.98). There was a correlation between the total score, average scores of the general, curve, rib prominence, kyphosis, and trunk shift subscales of the P-SAQ and subtotal and total scores of the SRS-22r, r = - 0.2 to - 0.4, p < 0.05. The P-SAQ discriminated between patients with differing Cobb angle magnitudes and treatment types (p < 0.01). Factor analysis supported the use of the appearance and expectations items as separate scales for the P-SAQ. CONCLUSION The P-SAQ is a valid and reliable tool that could be utilized to evaluate the perception of appearance for Persian-speaking AIS patients with different curve magnitude and treatment strategies. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level I- diagnostic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taher Babaee
- Department of Orthotics and Prosthetics, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Vahideh Moradi
- Iran-Helal Institute of Applied Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Naeimeh Rouhani
- Department of Orthotics and Prosthetics, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ardalan Shariat
- Sports Medicine Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | | | - Masoomeh Nakhaee
- Department of Rehabilitation, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Medical University Campus, Haft-Bagh Highway, Kerman, Iran.
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Wang BB, Patel KF, Wolfe AE, Wiechman S, McMullen K, Gibran NS, Kowalske K, Meyer WJ, Kazis LE, Ryan CM, Schneider JC. Adolescents with and without head and neck burns: comparison of long-term outcomes in the burn model system national database. Burns 2022; 48:40-50. [PMID: 33975762 PMCID: PMC8526620 DOI: 10.1016/j.burns.2021.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Facial burns account for persistent differences in psychosocial functioning in adult burn survivors. Although adolescent burn survivors experience myriad chronic sequelae, little is known about the effect of facial injuries. This study examines differences in long-term outcomes with and without head and neck involvement. METHODS Data collected for 392 burn survivors between 14-17.9 years of age from the Burn Model System National Database (2006-2015) were analyzed. Comparisons were made between two groups based on presence of a head and neck burn (H&N) using the following patient reported outcome measures: Satisfaction with Appearance Scale, Satisfaction with Life Scale, Community Integration Questionnaire, and Short Form-12 Health Survey at 6, 12, and 24 months after injury. Regression analyses were used to assess association between outcome measures and H&N group at 12-months. RESULTS The H&N group had more extensive burns, had longer hospital stays, were more likely to be burned by fire/flame and were more likely to be Hispanic compared to the non-H&N group. Regression analysis found that H&N burn status was associated with worse SWAP scores. No significant associations were found between H&N burn status and other outcome measures. CONCLUSIONS Adolescents with H&N burn status showed significantly worse satisfaction with appearance at 12-months after injury. Future research should examine interventions to help improve body image and coping for adolescent burn survivors with head and neck burns.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Khushbu F. Patel
- Shriners Hospitals for Children – Boston, Boston, MA United States,Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Audrey E. Wolfe
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Harvard Medical School, Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, Charlestown, MA, United States
| | - Shelley Wiechman
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Kara McMullen
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Nicole S. Gibran
- Department of Surgery, University of Washington Harborview, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Karen Kowalske
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Walter J. Meyer
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
| | - Lewis E. Kazis
- Department of Health Law, Policy and Management, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Colleen M. Ryan
- Shriners Hospitals for Children – Boston, Boston, MA United States,Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Jeffrey C. Schneider
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Harvard Medical School, Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, Charlestown, MA, United States,Corresponding author. (J.C. Schneider)
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Galway SC, Last N, Parker O, Gammage KL. Tone it down or tune it out? Effects of instructor cues on body image, enjoyment, and intentions to return during group exercise for older adults. Body Image 2021; 39:146-150. [PMID: 34399405 DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2021.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The use of appearance (versus functionality) cues in group exercise has been linked to negative body image outcomes in young women. This study examined the impact of appearance versus functionality-focused cues during an exercise class on state body image, enjoyment, and intentions to return to a future class, in older adults (60+ years). Participants (N = 107, Mage = 69 years) completed demographic and trait body image measures at a first session and attended either an appearance or functionality-focused full-body strength-based circuit class. Participants completed pre-and post-state body image measures, and measures of enjoyment and intention to return post-class. A General Linear Model approach to a repeated measures multivariate ANCOVA was used to examine pre-to-post-class differences between conditions for state body image; trait body satisfaction with appearance and functionality, BMI, and previous group exercise experience were entered as covariates. ANCOVAs were conducted to examine differences for enjoyment, (gender, BMI, and previous group exercise experience entered as covariates) and intention to return to a similar class, (previous group exercise experience as covariate). No significant differences were found across analyses (ps > .05). These findings contrast with similar studies conducted in younger populations. Future studies should continue to examine body image in aging populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah C Galway
- Faculty of Applied Health Sciences and Brock-Niagara Centre for Health and Well-Being, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, Ontario, L2S 3A1, Canada.
| | - Nicole Last
- Faculty of Applied Health Sciences and Brock-Niagara Centre for Health and Well-Being, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, Ontario, L2S 3A1, Canada
| | - Olivia Parker
- Faculty of Applied Health Sciences and Brock-Niagara Centre for Health and Well-Being, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, Ontario, L2S 3A1, Canada
| | - Kimberley L Gammage
- Faculty of Applied Health Sciences and Brock-Niagara Centre for Health and Well-Being, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, Ontario, L2S 3A1, Canada
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35
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Forino S, Cameron L, Stones N, Freeman M. Potential Impacts of Body Image Perception in Female Equestrians. J Equine Vet Sci 2021; 107:103776. [PMID: 34802624 DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2021.103776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Female body image (BI) has been investigated in many sports yet, in female-dominated equestrianism, there is a paucity of BI research. This study aimed to identify self-perceptions of BI, rider perceptions of judge and coach bias, relationships between BI and self-consciousness and effect of breast size. A four-part, 27 question survey (GoogleForms) was completed by female equestrians (n = 493). The second smallest BI was considered ideal for equestrianism (χ2 = 352.751, P < .001) regardless of age, own BI or level of riding commitment. There was a perception judges favor riders with smaller frames (χ2 = 54.2111, P < .001) and an association between riders with a larger BI feeling self-conscious when riding (χ2 = 87.514, P < .001). More respondents perceived the ideal equestrian BI to be smaller than theirs (Median = -1.5, W = 7777.00, P < .001) and an association between those dissatisfied with their BI and self-consciousness when riding was seen (χ2 = 83.649, P < .001). Perception of the ideal equestrian frame is smaller than many riders' own BI, and a larger BI perception negatively impacts self-confidence, potentially hindering performance and participation. Female riders with a larger frame feel they are perceived negatively by judges and further study is indicated to investigate the extent of this potential bias on subjective judging in equestrian disciplines.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lorna Cameron
- University Centre Sparsholt, Winchester, UK; Hartpury University, Gloucester, UK.
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36
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Anchieta NM, Mafra AL, Hokama RT, Varella MAC, Melo JDA, da Silva LO, da Silva CSA, Valentova JV. Makeup and Its Application Simulation Affect Women's Self-Perceptions. Arch Sex Behav 2021; 50:3777-3784. [PMID: 34741247 DOI: 10.1007/s10508-021-02127-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Appearance modification is ancient, universal and influences other and self-perceptions. It has been rarely addressed how expectation of appearance modification would affect women's self-perception. We analyzed self-assessments of women without makeup and after having makeup professionally applied at four increasing levels (light, moderate, heavy 1, and heavy 2 makeup). In the simulation phase, women were treated with colorless cosmetics. Fifty Brazilian women (Mage = 24.26 years; SD = 5.53) rated themselves on attractiveness, health, self-esteem, femininity, satisfaction with appearance, age, dominance, confidence, and competence in all experimental conditions. Women in the simulation phase considered themselves more feminine, healthier, and with higher self-esteem than without makeup. In the real makeup phases, these ratings were higher than in the simulation phase. Appearance satisfaction and attractiveness did not differ between simulation and the real makeup phases, both being higher than without makeup. Confidence increased only in real makeup phases, but there was no effect on competence. Thus, real appearance modification and/or an expectation thereof can differently affect specific domains of self-evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natália Machado Anchieta
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of São Paulo, Avenida Professor Mello de Morais, 1721 - Butantã, São Paulo, 05508-030, Brazil
| | - Anthonieta Looman Mafra
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of São Paulo, Avenida Professor Mello de Morais, 1721 - Butantã, São Paulo, 05508-030, Brazil.
| | - Roberta Tokumori Hokama
- Department of Beauty and Aesthetics, National Commercial Learning Service-SENAC, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marco Antonio Correa Varella
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of São Paulo, Avenida Professor Mello de Morais, 1721 - Butantã, São Paulo, 05508-030, Brazil
| | | | - Luana Oliveira da Silva
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of São Paulo, Avenida Professor Mello de Morais, 1721 - Butantã, São Paulo, 05508-030, Brazil
| | - Caio Santos Alves da Silva
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of São Paulo, Avenida Professor Mello de Morais, 1721 - Butantã, São Paulo, 05508-030, Brazil
| | - Jaroslava Varella Valentova
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of São Paulo, Avenida Professor Mello de Morais, 1721 - Butantã, São Paulo, 05508-030, Brazil
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Bringsén Å, Sjöbeck J, Petersson P. Nursing staff's experience of appearance issues in various nursing situations. BMC Nurs 2021; 20:204. [PMID: 34670528 PMCID: PMC8527644 DOI: 10.1186/s12912-021-00731-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Health care professionals frequently interact with unknown patients in a process involving appearance-based judgements and priority-setting, all of which has an effect on health care equality. The healthcare provider–patient interaction is also highly relevant for the awareness and support of patients’ appearance concerns, with an associated possibility for improving patients’ satisfaction with their appearance and health. The aim was therefore to explore nursing staff’s experience of patients’ appearance issues in various nursing situations, with the purpose to facilitate awareness raising and knowledge development. Method A qualitative research approach with focus group interviews was chosen due to the exploratory aim of the study. Five semi-structured focus group interviews were conducted with 24 nursing staff in total (19 women and five men). The participants’ ages varied (20 to 45 years) as did their professional nursing experience. The interviews lasted approximately one hour, were digitally recorded, transcribed verbatim and analysed through thematic analysis. Results The thematic analysis resulted in the two themes Patient perspective and Professional nursing role, with associated subthemes. The findings showed the importance and impact of appearance issues in nursing situations and how these are linked to the health of the patients. Some groups of patients were identified as more vulnerable than others, which was associated with health care inequalities and health disparities. Value-based strategies along with knowledge, and skills for holistic person-centred care were identified as important resources for the development of appearance-related awareness and support in various nursing situations. Conclusion Strategies for improvement can be realised through the educational system for nursing staff, but mainly by using collective reflective learning forums in different workplaces. An empowerment approach is considered a useful framework for the implementation of holistic person-centred care, functioning as a resource for appearance-related awareness and support in various nursing situations. However, more research is needed on the complex and challenging phenomenon of appearance issues in nursing situations. Knowledge development related to successful person-centred strategies for appearance-related awareness and support is important, especially strategies with a salutogenic perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Åsa Bringsén
- Faculty of Health Science, Kristianstad University, Kristianstad, Sweden.
| | - Johanna Sjöbeck
- Faculty of Health Science, Kristianstad University, Kristianstad, Sweden
| | - Pia Petersson
- Faculty of Health Science, Kristianstad University, Kristianstad, Sweden
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38
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Mekni K, El Fkih C. [ Appearance of partial molar pregnancy]. Pan Afr Med J 2021; 39:120. [PMID: 34512856 PMCID: PMC8396374 DOI: 10.11604/pamj.2021.39.120.29292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The study involved a 28-year-old female patient with no particular past medical history. At 7 weeks of amenorrhea, she presented at the Gynecological Emergency Department with pelvic pain. Clinical examination showed good general condition; vaginal examination objectified that the cervix was very far back (posterior), closed, without metrorrhagias or latero-uterine mass. Ultrasound showed fetal cardiac activity and all around the sac several “lacunae” (empty spaces) without leakage of fluid. Molar pregnancy was suspected based on image examination; hCG level was 37920 UI. The diagnosis of embryonated mole was evoked and complementary thoraco-abdominopelvic CT scan was performed to support the diagnosis and as staging evaluation. This showed partial hydatiform mole without signs of loco-regional or remote extension, with anterior intrauterine myoma. Ultrasound-guided aspiration was performed after availability of blood supply. During aspiration, vescicles were observed. Anatomo-pathological examination initially showed interrupted pregnancy with no chorionic villi. Given the strong suspicion of molar pregnancy, multiple sections were performed which showed rare large chorionic villi with edematous axis. These rare villi were lined with trophoblastic coverage of usual abundance and morphology, suggesting partial mole. The woman received effective contraception with weekly monitoring of BHCG levels. She was monitored until she experienced negative results from three consecutive tests (A, B, C, D).
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Affiliation(s)
- Karima Mekni
- Service de Gynéco-obstétrique, Hôpital Mahmoud El Matri, Faculté de Médecine de Tunis, Université Tunis El Manar, Ariana, Tunisie
| | - Chiraz El Fkih
- Service de Gynéco-obstétrique, Hôpital Mahmoud El Matri, Faculté de Médecine de Tunis, Université Tunis El Manar, Ariana, Tunisie
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39
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Rodgers RF, Paxton SJ, Wertheim EH. #Take idealized bodies out of the picture: A scoping review of social media content aiming to protect and promote positive body image. Body Image 2021; 38:10-36. [PMID: 33798800 DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2021.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Much evidence has highlighted detrimental effects of social media on body image, and attention has turned towards identifying content that could support and promote positive body image. This study aimed to conduct a scoping review of the emerging evidence focused on social media content that might support positive body image. A total of n = 35 studies (21 experimental) examining social media were identified along with n = 11 studies not specifically focusing on social media but with clear implications. Overall, findings suggest that images that do not portray individuals are most helpful for body image, as well as those portraying appearances diverging from appearance ideals. Our review also identifies types of social media content that have so far not been found to protect body image, and those not sufficiently evaluated. Regarding textual captions and comments, the most promising avenue involves highlighting the contrived and unrealistic nature of social media content. However, empirical data are limited and not robust. Body acceptance-related statements have so far not been found to be helpful for body image, and findings regarding the usefulness of using social marketing strategies (such as hashtags) to identify content that may be more realistic is nascent and conflicted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel F Rodgers
- APPEAR, Department of Applied Psychology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Psychiatric Emergency & Acute Care, Lapeyronie Hospital, CHRU, Montpellier, France.
| | - Susan J Paxton
- School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Bundoora (Melbourne), VIC, Australia
| | - Eleanor H Wertheim
- School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Bundoora (Melbourne), VIC, Australia
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40
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Keys J, Dempster M, Jackson J, Williams M, Coyle S. The psychosocial impact of losing an eye through traumatic injury and living with prosthetic restoration: A thematic analysis. Acta Psychol (Amst) 2021; 219:103383. [PMID: 34352606 DOI: 10.1016/j.actpsy.2021.103383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 07/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aims to explore the psychosocial factors and challenges affecting the lives of those who wear an ocular prosthesis following a traumatic eye injury. Thematic analysis of semi-structured interviews with eight individuals resulted in five themes: emotional devastation in the aftermath; moving forward; fear of negative social evaluation; keeping it normal - protecting self and close others; and threat of injury & blindness. Enucleation or evisceration of an eye causes significant emotional stress. Despite successful prosthetic restoration, many individuals continue to experience ongoing psychosocial challenges, as a consequence of their experiences of visible difference and visual impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joni Keys
- School of Psychology, Queen's University Belfast, University Road, Belfast BT7 1NN, UK
| | - Martin Dempster
- School of Psychology, Queen's University Belfast, University Road, Belfast BT7 1NN, UK.
| | - Jonathan Jackson
- Artificial Eye Service, Belfast Health & Social Care Trust, Shankill Wellbeing and Treatment Centre, 83 Shankill Road, Belfast BT13 1FP, UK
| | - Michael Williams
- School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, University Road, Belfast BT7 1NN, UK
| | - Sinead Coyle
- Artificial Eye Service, Belfast Health & Social Care Trust, Shankill Wellbeing and Treatment Centre, 83 Shankill Road, Belfast BT13 1FP, UK
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41
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Tyerman C, Shepherd L, De Boos D, Tickle A. Experiences of medical tattooing in women following burn injuries: An interpretative phenomenological analysis. Burns 2021; 48:1435-1444. [PMID: 34893373 DOI: 10.1016/j.burns.2021.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Physical changes to appearance caused by burn injuries can have significant psychological consequences. Medical tattooing is an intervention aimed at restoring appearance but little is known about the experiences of patients or the psychological impact of medical tattooing following burns. This study aimed to explore burn patients' psychological experiences of medical tattooing. METHOD In-depth interviews were conducted with eight adult women who had experienced a burn injury and subsequently undergone medical tattooing. RESULTS Using interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA) to analyse the verbatim transcripts of interviews, two subordinate themes ('Management of Hope' and 'The Medical Tattooing Process') and one superordinate theme ('Impact of Medical Tattooing: 'Normal-ish is Fantastic'') emerged, which were set within a broader context of another superordinate theme: 'Inner Conflict about Acceptability of Perceived Need'. The findings suggested that medical tattooing is experienced positively, may have positive psychological consequences, and may allow women to regain a sense of normality and an improved sense of being acceptable in society following burn injuries. Findings additionally highlighted a conflicting narrative of a pressure to conform to certain expectations of appearance, alongside a sense that a desire to meet these expectations may also not be viewed as important, acceptable or legitimate. CONCLUSIONS Medical tattooing may be a potentially valuable intervention psychologically, although support and information seem important and further research is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Tyerman
- Doctorate of Clinical Psychology, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, YANG Fujia Building, B Floor, Jubilee Campus, Wollaton Road, Nottingham, NG8 1BB, United Kingdom
| | - Laura Shepherd
- Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Department of Clinical Psychology & Neuropsychology, Queens Medical Centre Campus, Derby Road, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, United Kingdom.
| | - Danielle De Boos
- Doctorate of Clinical Psychology, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, YANG Fujia Building, B Floor, Jubilee Campus, Wollaton Road, Nottingham, NG8 1BB, United Kingdom
| | - Anna Tickle
- Doctorate of Clinical Psychology, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, YANG Fujia Building, B Floor, Jubilee Campus, Wollaton Road, Nottingham, NG8 1BB, United Kingdom
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Kang D, Lee JK, Kim N, Kim S, Lee SK, Lee JE, Nam SJ, Cho J. Effect of mind and body education on quality of life among young breast cancer patients: a randomized controlled trial. Support Care Cancer 2021; 30:721-729. [PMID: 34368886 DOI: 10.1007/s00520-021-06459-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aim was to evaluate efficacy of the combination with cosmetic and psychosocial education program on body image, sexual function, and emotional function among young-onset breast cancer (YBC). METHODS An unblended, randomized, controlled trial design was conducted in patients newly diagnosed with stage I-III breast cancer from 2014 to 2015. The intervention group received a structured education program including appearance management and mind control for 4 weeks. The outcome of this study shows effect on body image and sexual functioning and a distress due to altered appearance and anxiety after the intervention and 6 months after intervention. RESULTS Among 228 eligible patients, 109 (47.8%) agreed to participate in the present study and were randomized to intervention (n = 54) or control (n = 55) groups. After intervention, the intervention group reported significantly better body image compared to the control group (mean score of 75.0 vs. 59.3, respectively; P < 0.01). The intervention group also reported significantly lower levels of distress due to altered appearance and higher levels of sexual functioning compared to the control group after the intervention. The effects were maintained even 6 months after intervention. CONCLUSION(S) Body image intervention for YBC had effect on improving body image and sexual functioning and a reduction in distress due to altered appearance and anxiety. Trial registration number and date of registration: The study was registered at the Clinical Research Information Service (no. KCT0001191, https://cris.nih.go.kr/cris ) on 23 July 2014.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danbee Kang
- Department of Clinical Research Design and Evaluation, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Center for Clinical Epidemiology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Cancer Education Center, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Kyung Lee
- Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Nayeon Kim
- Department of Clinical Research Design and Evaluation, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Cancer Education Center, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sooyeon Kim
- Department of Clinical Research Design and Evaluation, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Center for Clinical Epidemiology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Se Kyung Lee
- Department of Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Eon Lee
- Department of Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok Jin Nam
- Department of Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Juhee Cho
- Department of Clinical Research Design and Evaluation, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Republic of Korea. .,Center for Clinical Epidemiology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea. .,Cancer Education Center, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Al Khayyal M, Al Halabi M, Hussein I, Salami A, Rodd H, Hassan A, Kowash M. How Do Schoolchildren View Other Children Who Have Discolored Teeth? J Int Soc Prev Community Dent 2021; 11:340-347. [PMID: 34268197 PMCID: PMC8257010 DOI: 10.4103/jispcd.jispcd_46_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Facial look and expression affect how people are viewed by others. This study aimed to evaluate how schoolchildren in the Emirate of Sharjah, United Arab Emirates view their peers who have discolored teeth. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study using randomized cluster sampling of Sharjah public schools was conducted. A previously developed and validated social attribute questionnaire was utilized to determine children’s dental appearance-related judgments. Children aged 11–14 years were given photographs of subjects either with discolored teeth or without, and they were asked to rate them using six positive and five negative signifiers. The total attribute score (TAS) ranged from 11 (most negative) to 44 (most positive). A linear regression analysis and t-tests were performed to determine the effects of gender and age in mean TAS. Results: TAS was significantly lower among discolored teeth photographs when compared with photographs without teeth discoloration (P = 0.004). TAS was found to be significantly higher with increased age (P = 0.035), but gender had no significant effect. Conclusion: Teeth discoloration resulted in more negative social judgment between Sharjah schoolchildren and their peers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moza Al Khayyal
- Pediatric Dentistry Department, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Heath Sciences, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Manal Al Halabi
- Pediatric Dentistry Department, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Heath Sciences, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Iyad Hussein
- Pediatric Dentistry Department, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Heath Sciences, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Anas Salami
- Pediatric Dentistry Department, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Heath Sciences, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Helen Rodd
- Unit of Oral Health, Dentistry, and Society, School of Clinical Dentistry, Sheffield, UK
| | - Amar Hassan
- Department of Biostatistics, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Heath Sciences, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mawlood Kowash
- Pediatric Dentistry Department, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Heath Sciences, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
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Lee YE, Lee HJ, Kim M, Yoon JW, Ryu M, Jo C. Analysis on difference of consumer's evaluation on visual features of pork cuts. J Anim Sci Technol 2021; 63:614-625. [PMID: 34189509 PMCID: PMC8203998 DOI: 10.5187/jast.2021.e58] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 03/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
This study investigates how visual appearance of pork cuts affects consumer
preference. Images of pork belly, Boston butt, and loin were chosen on the basis
of visible fattiness and used to analyze consumers’ perception of the
appearance of each pork cut. Meat color and visible fat proportion of images of
pork cuts were analyzed by the researchers before conducting the survey. A total
of 211 pork eaters evaluated the pork cuts based on appearance (lightness of
color, redness, visible fat proportion, and fat distribution), preferability,
and overall acceptability. Also, muscle pieces from different pork cuts were
taken and the relative area composition of muscle fibers was measured. Based on
survey results, correlation between visual traits and preferences of each pork
cut was analyzed. The survey results showed that preferred pork appearance
varied as per each individual’s favorite pork cut. Also, the respondents
evaluated visual characteristics and preference for each pork cut differently
possibly due to the different visual characteristics of each cut. Correlation
analysis between visual traits and preference indicated that overall
acceptability of pork cuts was mainly influenced by fat preference, followed by
color preference. Fat and color preferences for each pork cut were affected by
various visual attributes including redness, lightness of color, visible fat
proportion, and fat distribution, but their effects were considerably varied
among different pork cuts. Thus, Korean consumers perceived and assessed pork
appearance using various quality cues but the evaluation depended on which cut
was being observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yee Eun Lee
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Center for Food and Bioconvergence, and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Hyun Jung Lee
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Center for Food and Bioconvergence, and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Minsu Kim
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Center for Food and Bioconvergence, and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Ji Won Yoon
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Center for Food and Bioconvergence, and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Minkyung Ryu
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Center for Food and Bioconvergence, and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Cheorun Jo
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Center for Food and Bioconvergence, and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea.,Institute of Green Bio Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang 25354, Korea
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45
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Geronimo BC, Prudencio SH, Soares AL. Biochemical and technological characteristics of wooden breast chicken fillets and their consumer acceptance. J Food Sci Technol 2021; 59:1185-1192. [PMID: 33994581 PMCID: PMC8104458 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-021-05123-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The wooden breast (WB) has caused great damages to meat producing industries, being its etiology still not fully understood. Thus, the objective of this work was to investigate biochemistry and technological characteristics of WB chicken fillets and their consumer acceptance. WB fillets were evaluated in regards to color, pH, approximate chemical composition, water holding capacity, cooking loss, shear force, total and soluble collagen, and comparison estimated of pyridinoline. The sensorial analysis used real size images of fillets. The WB showed changes in physical parameters such as an increase in luminosity and shear force. In regards to the chemical parameters, showed an increase in pH value, moisture content, lipids, and mineral, and protein content reduction. There were biochemistry changes in the collagen with an increase of 17.32% in total collage content and a reduction by 30.96% in the estimated pyridinoline content. Technological parameters were negatively altered by a reduction in water holding capacity. WB fillets showed a low acceptance rate and intention to purchase. Results show the WB meat presented biochemistry and technological characteristics compromised besides a low acceptance and purchase intention, leading to economic losses for the poultry sector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna Caroline Geronimo
- Department of Food Science and Technology, State University of Londrina, P.O. Box 10.011, Londrina, PR Brazil
| | - Sandra Helena Prudencio
- Department of Food Science and Technology, State University of Londrina, P.O. Box 10.011, Londrina, PR Brazil
| | - Adriana Lourenço Soares
- Department of Food Science and Technology, State University of Londrina, P.O. Box 10.011, Londrina, PR Brazil
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46
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Klassen AF, Rae C, Riff W, Denadai R, Murray DJ, Bracken S, Courtemanche DJ, Bulstrode N, O'Hara J, Butler D, Goldstein J, Tassi A, Hol ML, Johnson D, Ganske IM, Kölby L, Benitez S, Breuning EE, Malic CC, Allen GC, Pusic AL, Cano S. FACE-Q craniofacial module: Part 2 Psychometric properties of newly developed scales for children and young adults with facial conditions. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg 2021; 74:2330-2340. [PMID: 34172403 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjps.2021.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The FACE-Q Craniofacial Module is a patient-reported outcome measure designed for patients aged 8 to 29 years with conditions associated with a facial difference. In part 1, we describe the psychometric findings for the original CLEFT-Q scales tested in patients with cleft and noncleft facial conditions. The aim of this study was to examine psychometric performance of new FACE-Q Craniofacial Module scales. METHODS Data were collected between December 2016 and December 2019 from patients aged 8 to 29 years with conditions associated with a visible or functional facial difference. Rasch measurement theory (RMT) analysis was used to examine psychometric properties of each scale. Scores were transformed from 0 (worst) to 100 (best) for tests of construct validity. RESULTS 1495 participants were recruited with a broad range of conditions (e.g., birthmarks, facial paralysis, craniosynostosis, craniofacial microsomia, etc.) RMT analysis resulted in the refinement of 7 appearance scales (Birthmark, Cheeks, Chin, Eyes, Forehead, Head Shape, Smile), two function scales (Breathing, Facial), and an Appearance Distress scale. Person separation index and Cronbach alpha values met criteria. Three checklists were also formed (Eye Function, and Eye and Face Adverse Effects). Significantly lower scores on eight of nine scales were reported by participants whose appearance or functional difference was rated as a major rather than minor or no difference. Higher appearance distress correlated with lower appearance scale scores. CONCLUSION The FACE-Q Craniofacial Module scales can be used to collect and compare patient reported outcomes data in children and young adults with a facial condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne F Klassen
- Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
| | - Charlene Rae
- Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
| | - Wong Riff
- Department of Surgery, Hospital for Sick Children, ON Canada.
| | - Rafael Denadai
- Institute of Plastic and Craniofacial Surgery, SOBRAPAR Hospital, Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Dylan J Murray
- National Paediatric Craniofacial Centre, Children's Health Ireland at Temple Street, Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Shirley Bracken
- National Paediatric Craniofacial Centre, Children's Health Ireland at Temple Street, Dublin, Ireland.
| | | | - Neil Bulstrode
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, United Kingdom.
| | - Justine O'Hara
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, United Kingdom.
| | - Daniel Butler
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, United Kingdom.
| | - Jesse Goldstein
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA United States.
| | - Ali Tassi
- Division of Graduate Orthodontics, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London ON, Canada.
| | - Marinka Lf Hol
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands AND Princess Maxima Center for Childhood oncology, Utrecht, Netherlands.
| | - David Johnson
- Oxford Craniofacial Unit, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, United Kingdom.
| | - Ingrid M Ganske
- Department of Plastic and Oral Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA United States.
| | - Lars Kölby
- University of Gothenburg, The Sahlgrenska Academy, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Department of Plastic Surgery, Sahlgrenska, University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Susana Benitez
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Clinica Las Condes, Santiago, Chile
| | - Eleonore E Breuning
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Alder Hey Children's Hospital, Liverpool, United Kingdom.
| | - Claudia C Malic
- University of Ottawa, Department of Surgery, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
| | - Gregory C Allen
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States.
| | - Andrea L Pusic
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.
| | - Stefan Cano
- Modus Outcomes, Letchworth Garden City, United Kingdom.
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47
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Alleva JM, Medoch MM, Priestley K, Philippi JL, Hamaekers J, Salvino EN, Humblet S, Custers M. "I appreciate your body, because…" Does promoting positive body image to a friend affect one's own positive body image? Body Image 2021; 36:134-138. [PMID: 33279786 DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2020.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/08/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Research has shown that individuals with a positive body image promote positive body image to others, yet also have close others who unconditionally accept their body and feel positively about their own body, too. This mutual interdependence between the individual and the environment with respect to positive body image has been termed reciprocity. Inspired by this research, we investigated whether promoting positive body image to others leads to improvements in one's own positive body image. To do so, undergraduate women (N = 154) were randomised to write a letter to a friend, expressing either appreciation for their friend's body functionality (experimental group) or appreciation for their shared memories (control group). Participants completed pretest and posttest measures of state functionality appreciation and state body appreciation, and filler items. Unexpectedly, there were no group differences in state functionality appreciation and state body appreciation. Instead, participants within both groups experienced medium to large improvements in state functionality appreciation and state body appreciation. To our knowledge, this is the first study to test the effects of promoting positive body image to others. Future research can shed further light on the effects of promoting positive body image to others in particular, and on the phenomenon of reciprocity more broadly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica M Alleva
- Department of Clinical Psychological Science, Maastricht University, the Netherlands.
| | - Melissa M Medoch
- Department of Clinical Psychological Science, Maastricht University, the Netherlands
| | - Kira Priestley
- Department of Clinical Psychological Science, Maastricht University, the Netherlands
| | - Johanna L Philippi
- Department of Clinical Psychological Science, Maastricht University, the Netherlands
| | - Jolien Hamaekers
- Department of Clinical Psychological Science, Maastricht University, the Netherlands
| | - Eva N Salvino
- Department of Clinical Psychological Science, Maastricht University, the Netherlands
| | - Sanne Humblet
- Department of Clinical Psychological Science, Maastricht University, the Netherlands
| | - Marieke Custers
- Department of Clinical Psychological Science, Maastricht University, the Netherlands
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48
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Otegbayo B, Madu T, Oroniran O, Chijioke U, Fawehinmi O, Okoye B, Tanimola A, Adebola P, Obidiegwu J. End-user preferences for pounded yam and implications for food product profile development. Int J Food Sci Technol 2021; 56:1458-1472. [PMID: 33776246 PMCID: PMC7984093 DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.14770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Pounded yam is a popular food in Nigeria. This study reports end-user preferences for pounded yam and implications for trait evaluation by breeding programme. The study was carried out in two pounded yam-consuming regions in Nigeria: south-east and south-west. Multistage sampling technique was used to collect information from users along food chain. This involved market, individual, key informant interviews and focus group discussions. Responses of participants were used to develop product profile of pounded yam from raw material (yam) to final product. Key user-preferred quality traits for pounded yam in both regions were colour and textural quality followed by taste and aroma which are lesser attributes. There were regional differences in ranking of these quality attributes but no gender difference. This information will be useful in determining food quality indicators that can be used to select breeding lines for preferred quality traits in pounded yam.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bolanle Otegbayo
- Department of Food Science and TechnologyBowen UniversityIwo232101Nigeria
| | - Tessy Madu
- National Root Crop Research InstituteUmudike440110Nigeria
| | - Oluyinka Oroniran
- Department of Food Science and TechnologyBowen UniversityIwo232101Nigeria
| | - Ugo Chijioke
- National Root Crop Research InstituteUmudike440110Nigeria
| | - Olabisi Fawehinmi
- Department of Food Science and TechnologyBowen UniversityIwo232101Nigeria
| | - Benjamin Okoye
- National Root Crop Research InstituteUmudike440110Nigeria
| | - Abiola Tanimola
- Department of Food Science and TechnologyBowen UniversityIwo232101Nigeria
| | - Patrick Adebola
- International institute of Tropical AgricultureIbadan200132Nigeria
| | - Jude Obidiegwu
- National Root Crop Research InstituteUmudike440110Nigeria
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49
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Yasri Y, Susanto P, Hoque ME, Gusti MA. Price perception and price appearance on repurchase intention of Gen Y: do brand experience and brand preference mediate? Heliyon 2020; 6:e05532. [PMID: 33294680 PMCID: PMC7701191 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e05532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The study examines the effect of price perception and price appearance on Gen Y's repurchase intention towards snack products of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), along with the mediating roles of consumers' brand experience and preference. A survey method for data collection in the study used with a structured questionnaire, in which the respondents were requested to give their responses to the experiment conducted on local specialty snack products produced by SMEs. Covariance-based structural equation modeling (CB-SEM) was used to analyze the hypothesized relationships in the research model. The findings show that all the direct effects in the proposed model have a significant effect, except for the relationship between price perception and brand preference that there is no significant effect. Similarly, the mediating roles of consumer brand experience and consumer-based brand preference proved to have a significant effect. Finally, the implications of this study will be discussed further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasri Yasri
- Department of Management, Faculty of Economics, Universitas Negeri Padang, Indonesia
| | - Perengki Susanto
- Department of Management, Faculty of Economics, Universitas Negeri Padang, Indonesia
| | - Mohammad Enamul Hoque
- UKM-Graduate School of Business, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Mia Ayu Gusti
- Department of Economics, Faculty of Economics, Universitas Negeri Padang, Indonesia
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50
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Wei Y, Zheng Y, Ma Y, Tong J, Zhang J, Zhang Y, Liang H, Zhao X. Microbiological and Physiological Attributes of Fresh-Cut Cucumbers in Controlled Atmosphere Storage. J Food Prot 2020; 83:1718-1725. [PMID: 32421793 DOI: 10.4315/jfp-19-618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Fresh-cut cucumbers are popular worldwide, but they are prone to spoilage due to tissue damage caused by processing. The effects of controlled atmosphere storage (CAS) at 3% O2 and 7% CO2 or 8% O2 and 2% CO2 on microorganisms and the quality of fresh-cut cucumbers (Cucumis sativus L. cv. Chinese Long) at 4°C and 90% relative humidity were investigated in this study. The results showed that compared with the control group, both controlled atmosphere treatments maintained chlorophyll concentration, appearance, and color of fresh-cut cucumbers effectively; inhibited respiration rate and polyphenoloxidase (PPO) and peroxidase (POD) activity; delayed the decrease in firmness and the increase in relative electrolyte leakage; and inhibited the growth of microorganisms on cucumbers during storage. On day 10, the chlorophyll concentration and firmness of cucumbers stored at 3% O2 and 7% CO2 was 1.15 and 1.04 times that of cucumbers stored at 8% O2 and 2% CO2, respectively. Respiration rate, relative electrolyte leakage, polyphenoloxidase activity, peroxidase activity, and levels of total bacteria, coliforms, and Pseudomonas spp. at 3% O2 and 7% CO2 were 19.79, 6.01, 5.45, 88.50, 18.07, 16.14, and 19.76% lower than at 8% O2 and 2% CO2, respectively. In conclusion, storage at 3% O2 and 7% CO2 was effective in inhibiting microorganisms and maintaining the quality of stored fresh-cut cucumbers. HIGHLIGHTS
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Affiliation(s)
- Yabo Wei
- College of Food Science, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832000, People's Republic of China (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2543-9285 [J.T.]).,Beijing Vegetable Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences; Beijing Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetable Storage and Processing, Key Laboratory of Vegetable Postharvest Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, 50 Zhanghua Road, Haidian District, 100097, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanyan Zheng
- Beijing Vegetable Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences; Beijing Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetable Storage and Processing, Key Laboratory of Vegetable Postharvest Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, 50 Zhanghua Road, Haidian District, 100097, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Ma
- Beijing Vegetable Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences; Beijing Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetable Storage and Processing, Key Laboratory of Vegetable Postharvest Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, 50 Zhanghua Road, Haidian District, 100097, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Junmao Tong
- College of Food Science, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832000, People's Republic of China (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2543-9285 [J.T.])
| | - Jian Zhang
- College of Food Science, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832000, People's Republic of China (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2543-9285 [J.T.])
| | - Yan Zhang
- Longda Food Group Co. Ltd, Shandong 265231, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Liang
- Longda Food Group Co. Ltd, Shandong 265231, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhao
- Beijing Vegetable Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences; Beijing Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetable Storage and Processing, Key Laboratory of Vegetable Postharvest Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, 50 Zhanghua Road, Haidian District, 100097, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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