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Zheng L, Zhou P, Pan Y, Li B, Shen R, Lan P. Proteomic profile of the germinating seeds reveals enhanced seedling growth in Arabidopsis rpp1a mutant. Plant Mol Biol 2023; 113:105-120. [PMID: 37804450 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-023-01378-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023]
Abstract
Ribosomal phosphoprotein P1 (RPP1) is an integral component of the P-protein stalk in the 60S subunit of eukaryotic ribosomes and is required for the efficient elongation of translation. Previously, Arabidopsis RPP1A was revealed to be involved in the regulation of seed size and seed storage protein accumulation. In this work, the seedling growth analysis shows that the knockout mutation of Arabidopsis RPP1A significantly promoted seedling growth, particularly in the shoots. The label-free quantitative proteomic analysis demonstrated that a total of 593 proteins were differentially accumulated between the germinating seeds of the wild-type Col-0 and rpp1a mutant. And these proteins were significantly enriched in the intracellular transport, nitrogen compound transport, protein transport, and organophosphate metabolic process. The abundance of proteins involved in the RNA and protein processing processes, including ncRNA processing and protein folding, were significantly increased in the rpp1a mutant. Mutation in RPP1A highlighted the effects on the ribosome, energy metabolism, and nitrogen metabolism. The abundance of enzymes involved in glycolysis and pyruvate mechanism was decreased in the germinating seeds of the rpp1a mutant. Whereas the processes of amino acid biosynthesis, protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum, and biosynthesis of cofactors were enhanced in the germinating seeds of the rpp1a mutant. Taken together, the lack of RPP1A triggered changes in other ribosomal proteins, and the higher amino acid contents in the seedlings of the rpp1a mutant probably contributed to enhanced biosynthesis, processing, and transport of proteins, resulting in accelerated growth. Our results show the novel role of a P-protein and shed new light on the regulatory mechanism of seedling growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Peijun Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yilin Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Bingjuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Renfang Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Ping Lan
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
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Wang K, Wu Y, Wang Y, Yang Z, Zhang Y, Liu Z. The effects of phosphate fertilizer on the growth and reproduction of Pardosa pseudoannulata and its potential mechanisms. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2023; 265:109538. [PMID: 36563951 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2022.109538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
In fields, the natural enemy spider, Pardosa pseudoannulata, plays important roles in insect pest control. Agrochemicals, such as phosphate fertilizer, disturb the ecosystem and weaken the pest control efficiency of the spider. According to the usual habitat of the spider in soil cracks, the soil-application of phosphate fertilizer was carried out to determine its effects on the growth and reproduction of P. pseudoannulata. Phosphate fertilizer treatment prolonged longevity and increased mortality in subadults. The treatment also negatively affected reproduction of P. pseudoannulata adults even with removing phosphate fertilizer stress before adult emergence, leading to a lower mating rate, fewer eggsacs and eggs per female, and fewer offsprings in the first eggsac. The transcriptomic sequencing analysis revealed the up-regulation of unigenes related to stress resistance and down-regulation of unigenes associated with protein processing and proteasomal degradation in phosphate fertilizer-treated P. pseudoannulata. Decline in proper protein processing by E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase complex and endopeptidase activity might provide a partial explanation for negative effects of phosphate fertilizer on the spider reproduction. The study put a notice on negative effects of phosphate fertilizer on beneficial arthropods, which provide a great potential in the protection of P. pseudoannulata and other predator spider species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests (Ministry of Education), College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Weigang 1, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yong Wu
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests (Ministry of Education), College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Weigang 1, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yunchao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests (Ministry of Education), College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Weigang 1, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Zhiming Yang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests (Ministry of Education), College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Weigang 1, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yixi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests (Ministry of Education), College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Weigang 1, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Zewen Liu
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests (Ministry of Education), College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Weigang 1, Nanjing 210095, China.
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Yu H, He Y, Zhang J, Zhang Z, Zhang X. Hepatic transcriptome analysis reveals the metabolic strategies of largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) under different dissolved oxygen condition. Comp Biochem Physiol Part D Genomics Proteomics 2023; 45:101032. [PMID: 36371883 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbd.2022.101032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Dissolved oxygen (DO) affects aquatic animals at a fundamental level so that the differences in its metabolic strategies under prolonged hypoxic conditions need an urgent exploration. In this experiment, largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) were chronically exposed (6 weeks) to severe hypoxia (S-HYP, DO: 2.0 ± 0.4 mg/L) and mild hypoxia (M-HYP, DO: 5.1 ± 0.4 mg/L). Compared to the control group (CON, DO:8.4 ± 0.4 mg/L), 1196 and 232 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were obtained in S-HYP and M-HPY groups via transcriptome analysis, respectively. In S-HYP, lipolysis was promoted while anabolism was blocked. Meanwhile, significantly less fat droplet area was observed in the liver histology of S-HYP. Additionally, the cell cycle also responded to hypoxia, being blocked in the G1 phase with the suspension of DNA replication process. In M-HYP, the processing of protein in the endoplasmic reticulum and the synthesis of various aminoacyl t-RNA were inhibited, and a novel balance of the urea cycle might be established in the biosynthesis of arginine. The key DEGs involved in the above metabolic pathways, such as atgl, cpt1, arg1, etc., were validated by Q-PCR yielding results consistent with transcriptome data. This study indicates that the largemouth bass is prone to increase the proportion of lipid as an energy supply to adapt to the reprogramming of energy metabolism, while reducing the rate of cell proliferation to adapt to chronic severe hypoxia. This is also an undescribed observation in fish liver metabolism that largemouth bass may transform the synthesis and processing strategies of protein when exposed to chronic mild hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haodong Yu
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University; Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education; Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pond Aquaculture, Wuhan 430070, China; Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Ya He
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University; Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education; Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pond Aquaculture, Wuhan 430070, China; Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jinying Zhang
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University; Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education; Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pond Aquaculture, Wuhan 430070, China; Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Ziyi Zhang
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University; Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education; Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pond Aquaculture, Wuhan 430070, China; Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xuezhen Zhang
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University; Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education; Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pond Aquaculture, Wuhan 430070, China; Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan 430070, China.
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Lee YH, Kim SJ, Surh YJ. Role of Post-translational Modification of Silent Mating Type Information Regulator 2 Homolog 1 in Cancer and Other Disorders. J Cancer Prev 2022; 27:157-169. [PMID: 36258719 PMCID: PMC9537581 DOI: 10.15430/jcp.2022.27.3.157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Silent mating type information regulator 2 homolog 1 (SIRT1), an NAD+-dependent histone/protein deacetylase, has multifarious physiological roles in development, metabolic regulation, and stress response. Thus, its abnormal expression or malfunction is implicated in pathogenesis of various diseases. SIRT1 undergoes post-translational modifications, including phosphorylation, oxidation/reduction, carbonylation, nitrosylation, glycosylation, ubiquitination/deubiquitination, SUMOylation etc. which can modulate its catalytic activity, stability, subcellular localization, and also binding affinity for substrate proteins. This short review highlights the regulation of SIRT1 post-translational modifications and their pathophysiologic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeon-Hwa Lee
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul, Korea
| | - Su-Jung Kim
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Science, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young-Joon Surh
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul, Korea,Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea,Correspondence to Young-Joon Surh, E-mail: , https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8310-1795
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Pang AP, Luo Y, Hu X, Zhang F, Wang H, Gao Y, Durrani S, Li C, Shi X, Wu FG, Li BZ, Lu Z, Lin F. Transmembrane transport process and endoplasmic reticulum function facilitate the role of gene cel1b in cellulase production of Trichoderma reesei. Microb Cell Fact 2022; 21:90. [PMID: 35590356 PMCID: PMC9118834 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-022-01809-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background A total of 11 β-glucosidases are predicted in the genome of Trichoderma reesei, which are of great importance for regulating cellulase biosynthesis. Nevertheless, the relevant function and regulation mechanism of each β-glucosidase remained unknown. Results We evidenced that overexpression of cel1b dramatically decreased cellulase synthesis in T. reesei RUT-C30 both at the protein level and the mRNA level. In contrast, the deletion of cel1b did not noticeably affect cellulase production. Protein CEL1B was identified to be intracellular, being located in vacuole and cell membrane. The overexpression of cel1b reduced the intracellular pNPGase activity and intracellular/extracellular glucose concentration without inducing carbon catabolite repression. On the other hand, RNA-sequencing analysis showed the transmembrane transport process and endoplasmic reticulum function were affected noticeably by overexpressing cel1b. In particular, some important sugar transporters were notably downregulated, leading to a compromised cellular uptake of sugars including glucose and cellobiose. Conclusions Our data suggests that the cellulase inhibition by cel1b overexpression was not due to the β-glucosidase activity, but probably the dysfunction of the cellular transport process (particularly sugar transport) and endoplasmic reticulum (ER). These findings advance the knowledge of regulation mechanism of cellulase synthesis in filamentous fungi, which is the basis for rationally engineering T. reesei strains to improve cellulase production in industry. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12934-022-01809-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ai-Ping Pang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yongsheng Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xin Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Funing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Haiyan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yichen Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Samran Durrani
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chengcheng Li
- International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials and Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Xiaotong Shi
- International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials and Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Fu-Gen Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Bing-Zhi Li
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Zuhong Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Fengming Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China.
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Pulman J, Ruzzenente B, Horak M, Barcia G, Boddaert N, Munnich A, Rötig A, Metodiev MD. Variants in the MIPEP gene presenting with complex neurological phenotype without cardiomyopathy, impair OXPHOS protein maturation and lead to a reduced OXPHOS abundance in patient cells. Mol Genet Metab 2021; 134:267-273. [PMID: 34620555 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2021.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Most mitochondrial proteins are synthesized in the cytosol and targeted to mitochondria via N-terminal mitochondrial targeting signals (MTS) that are proteolytically removed upon import. Sometimes, MTS removal is followed by a cleavage of an octapeptide by the mitochondrial intermediate peptidase (MIP), encoded by the MIPEP gene. Previously, MIPEP variants were linked to four cases of multisystemic disorder presenting with cardiomyopathy, developmental delay, hypotonia and infantile lethality. We report here a patient carrying compound heterozygous MIPEP variants-one was not previously linked to mitochondrial disease-who did not have cardiomyopathy and who is alive at the age of 20 years. This patient had developmental delay, global hypotonia, mild optic neuropathy and mild ataxia. Functional characterization of patient fibroblasts and HEK293FT cells carrying MIPEP hypomorphic alleles demonstrated that deficient MIP activity was linked to impaired post-import processing of subunits from four of the five OXPHOS complexes and decreased abundance and activity of some of these complexes in human cells possibly underlying the development of mitochondrial disease. Thus, our work expands the genetic and clinical spectrum of MIPEP-linked disease and establishes MIP as an important regulator of OXPHOS biogenesis and function in human cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliette Pulman
- Genetics of Mitochondrial Disorders, INSERM UMR1163, Université de Paris, Institut Imagine, Paris, France
| | - Benedetta Ruzzenente
- Genetics of Mitochondrial Disorders, INSERM UMR1163, Université de Paris, Institut Imagine, Paris, France
| | - Martin Horak
- Genetics of Mitochondrial Disorders, INSERM UMR1163, Université de Paris, Institut Imagine, Paris, France
| | - Giulia Barcia
- Department of Genetics, Reference Center for Mitochondrial Diseases (CARAMMEL), Hôpital Necker-Enfants-Malades, Paris, France
| | - Nathalie Boddaert
- Department of Pediatric Radiology, Hôpital Necker-Enfants-Malades, AP-HP, Université de Paris, INSERM U1163, Institut Imagine, Paris, France
| | - Arnold Munnich
- Genetics of Mitochondrial Disorders, INSERM UMR1163, Université de Paris, Institut Imagine, Paris, France; Department of Genetics, Reference Center for Mitochondrial Diseases (CARAMMEL), Hôpital Necker-Enfants-Malades, Paris, France
| | - Agnès Rötig
- Genetics of Mitochondrial Disorders, INSERM UMR1163, Université de Paris, Institut Imagine, Paris, France
| | - Metodi D Metodiev
- Genetics of Mitochondrial Disorders, INSERM UMR1163, Université de Paris, Institut Imagine, Paris, France.
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Cao X, Wang Y, Rogers J, Hartson S, Kanost MR, Jiang H. Changes in composition and levels of hemolymph proteins during metamorphosis of Manduca sexta. Insect Biochem Mol Biol 2020; 127:103489. [PMID: 33096211 PMCID: PMC7704632 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2020.103489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The tobacco hornworm, Manduca sexta, is a lepidopteran model species widely used to study insect biochemical processes. Some of its larval hemolymph proteins are well studied, and a detailed proteomic analysis of larval plasma proteins became available in 2016, revealing features such as correlation with transcriptome data, formation of immune complexes, and constitution of an immune signaling system in hemolymph. It is unclear how the composition of these proteins may change in other developmental stages. In this paper, we report the proteomes of cell-free hemolymph from prepupae, pupae on day 4 and day 13, and young adults. Of the 1824 proteins identified, 907 have a signal peptide and 410 are related to immunity. Drastic changes in abundance of the storage proteins, lipophorins and vitellogenin, for instance, reflect physiological differences among prepupae, pupae, and adults. Considerably more proteins lacking signal peptide are present in the late pupae, suggesting that plasma contains relatively low concentrations of intracellular components released from remodeling tissues during metamorphosis. The defense proteins detected include 43 serine proteases and 11 serine protease homologs. Some of these proteins are members of the extracellular immune signaling network found in feeding larvae, and others may play additional roles and hence confer new features in the later life stages. In summary, the proteins and their levels revealed in this study, together with their transcriptome data, are expected to stimulate focused explorations of humoral immunity and other physiological systems in wandering larvae, pupae, and adults of M. sexta and shed light upon functional and comparative genomic research in other holometabolous insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolong Cao
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, 74078, USA
| | - Yang Wang
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, 74078, USA
| | - Janet Rogers
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, 74078, USA
| | - Steve Hartson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, 74078, USA
| | - Michael R Kanost
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, USA
| | - Haobo Jiang
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, 74078, USA.
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8
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Belsham GJ, Kristensen T, Jackson T. Foot-and-mouth disease virus: Prospects for using knowledge of virus biology to improve control of this continuing global threat. Virus Res 2020; 281:197909. [PMID: 32126297 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2020.197909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Understanding of the biology of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) has grown considerably since the nucleotide sequence of the viral RNA was determined. The ability to manipulate the intact genome and also to express specific parts of the genome individually has enabled detailed analyses of viral components, both RNA and protein. Such studies have identified the requirements for specific functional elements for virus replication and pathogenicity. Furthermore, information about the functions of individual virus proteins has enabled the rational design of cDNA cassettes to express non-infectious empty capsid particles that can induce protective immunity in the natural host animals and thus represent new vaccine candidates. Similarly, attempts to block specific virus activities using antiviral agents have also been performed. However, currently, only the well-established, chemically inactivated FMDV vaccines are commercially available and suitable for use to combat this important disease of livestock animals. These vaccines, despite certain shortcomings, have been used very successfully (e.g. in Europe) to control the disease but it still remains endemic in much of Africa, southern Asia and the Middle East. Hence there remains a significant risk of reintroduction of the disease into highly susceptible animal populations with enormous economic consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graham J Belsham
- University of Copenhagen, Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Grønnegårdsvej 15, 1870, Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
| | - Thea Kristensen
- University of Copenhagen, Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Grønnegårdsvej 15, 1870, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Terry Jackson
- The Pirbright Institute, Pirbright, Woking, Surrey, GU24 0NF. UK
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Bhowmick K, Tehlan A, Sunita, Sudhakar R, Kaur I, Sijwali PS, Krishnamachari A, Dhar SK. Plasmodium falciparum GCN5 acetyltransferase follows a novel proteolytic processing pathway that is essential for its function. J Cell Sci 2020; 133:jcs.236489. [PMID: 31862795 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.236489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The pathogenesis of human malarial parasite Plasmodium falciparum is interlinked with its timely control of gene expression during its complex life cycle. In this organism, gene expression is partially controlled through epigenetic mechanisms, the regulation of which is, hence, of paramount importance to the parasite. The P. falciparum (Pf)-GCN5 histone acetyltransferase (HAT), an essential enzyme, acetylates histone 3 and regulates global gene expression in the parasite. Here, we show the existence of a novel proteolytic processing for PfGCN5 that is crucial for its activity in vivo We find that a cysteine protease-like enzyme is required for the processing of PfGCN5 protein. Immunofluorescence and immuno-electron microscopy analysis suggest that the processing event occurs in the vicinity of the digestive vacuole of the parasite following its trafficking through the classical ER-Golgi secretory pathway, before it subsequently reaches the nucleus. Furthermore, blocking of PfGCN5 processing leads to the concomitant reduction of its occupancy at the gene promoters and a reduced H3K9 acetylation level at these promoters, highlighting the important correlation between the processing event and PfGCN5 activity. Altogether, our study reveals a unique processing event for a nuclear protein PfGCN5 with unforeseen role of a food vacuolar cysteine protease. This leads to a possibility of the development of new antimalarials against these targets.This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishanu Bhowmick
- Special Centre for Molecular Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Ankita Tehlan
- Special Centre for Molecular Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Sunita
- School of Computational and Integrative Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Renu Sudhakar
- Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad, Telengana 500007, India
| | - Inderjeet Kaur
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Puran Singh Sijwali
- Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad, Telengana 500007, India
| | | | - Suman Kumar Dhar
- Special Centre for Molecular Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
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Hartung F, Patil A, Meshram RJ, Weber GF. Gene expression signatures of site-specificity in cancer metastases. Clin Exp Metastasis 2019; 37:159-171. [PMID: 31555944 DOI: 10.1007/s10585-019-09995-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
We have previously shown that metastases are generally characterized by a core program of gene expression that induces the oxidative energy metabolism, activates vascularization/tissue remodeling, silences extracellular matrix interactions, and alters ion homeostasis. This core program distinguishes metastases from their originating primary tumors as well as from their target host tissues. We hypothesized that organ preference is reflected in additional, site-selective components within the metastatic gene expression programs. Expanding our prior analysis of 653 human gene expression profiles plus data from a murine model, we find that the release from the primary tumor is associated with a suppression of functions that are important for the identity of the organ of origin, such as a down-regulation of steroid hormone responsiveness in the disseminated foci derived from prostate cancer. Metastases adjust to their target microenvironment by up-regulating-even overexpressing-genes and genetic programs that are characteristic of that organ. Finally, alterations in RNA and protein processing as well as immune deviation are common. In the clinic, metastases are mostly treated with the chemotherapy protocols devised for their primary tumors. Adjustments that account for the gene expression differences between primary and metastatic cancers have the potential to improve the currently dismal success rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franz Hartung
- University of Cincinnati Academic Health Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Aditya Patil
- Bioinformatics Centre, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Rohan J Meshram
- Bioinformatics Centre, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Georg F Weber
- University of Cincinnati Academic Health Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
- James L. Winkle College of Pharmacy, University of Cincinnati, 231 Albert Sabin Way, Cincinnati, OH, 45267-0514, USA.
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Kampstra ASB, van Heemst J, Janssen GM, de Ru AH, van Lummel M, van Veelen PA, Toes REM. Ligandomes obtained from different HLA-class II-molecules are homologous for N- and C-terminal residues outside the peptide-binding cleft. Immunogenetics 2019; 71:519-530. [PMID: 31520135 PMCID: PMC6790208 DOI: 10.1007/s00251-019-01129-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Human CD4+ T lymphocytes play an important role in inducing potent immune responses. T cells are activated and stimulated by peptides presented in human leucocyte antigen (HLA)-class II molecules. These HLA-class II molecules typically present peptides of between 12 and 20 amino acids in length. The region that interacts with the HLA molecule, designated as the peptide-binding core, is highly conserved in the residues which anchor the peptide to the molecule. In addition, as these peptides are the product of proteolytic cleavages, certain conserved residues may be expected at the N- and C-termini outside the binding core. To study whether similar conserved residues are present in different cell types, potentially harbouring different proteolytic enzymes, the ligandomes of HLA-DRB1*03:01/HLA-DRB > 1 derived from two different cell types (dendritic cells and EBV-transformed B cells) were identified with mass spectrometry and the binding core and N- and C-terminal residues of a total of 16,568 peptides were analysed using the frequencies of the amino acids in the human proteome. Similar binding motifs were found as well as comparable conservations in the N- and C-terminal residues. Furthermore, the terminal conservations of these ligandomes were compared to the N- and C-terminal conservations of the ligandome acquired from dendritic cells homozygous for HLA-DRB1*04:01. Again, comparable conservations were evident with only minor differences. Taken together, these data show that there are conservations in the terminal residues of peptides, presumably the result of the activity of proteases involved in antigen processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arieke S B Kampstra
- Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Jurgen van Heemst
- Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - George M Janssen
- Center of Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Arnoud H de Ru
- Center of Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Menno van Lummel
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Peter A van Veelen
- Center of Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - René E M Toes
- Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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12
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Klaver E, Zhao P, May M, Flanagan-Steet H, Freeze HH, Gilmore R, Wells L, Contessa J, Steet R. Selective inhibition of N-linked glycosylation impairs receptor tyrosine kinase processing. Dis Model Mech 2019; 12:dmm.039602. [PMID: 31101650 PMCID: PMC6602306 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.039602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Global inhibition of N-linked glycosylation broadly reduces glycan occupancy on glycoproteins, but identifying how this inhibition functionally impacts specific glycoproteins is challenging. This limits our understanding of pathogenesis in the congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDG). We used selective exo-enzymatic labeling of cells deficient in the two catalytic subunits of oligosaccharyltransferase - STT3A and STT3B - to monitor the presence and glycosylation status of cell surface glycoproteins. We show reduced abundance of two canonical tyrosine receptor kinases - the insulin receptor and insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF-1R) - at the cell surface in STT3A-null cells, due to decreased N-linked glycan site occupancy and proteolytic processing in combination with increased endoplasmic reticulum localization. Providing cDNA for Golgi-resident proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 5a (PCSK5a) and furin cDNA to wild-type and mutant cells produced under-glycosylated forms of PCSK5a, but not furin, in cells lacking STT3A. Reduced glycosylation of PCSK5a in STT3A-null cells or cells treated with the oligosaccharyltransferase inhibitor NGI-1 corresponded with failure to rescue receptor processing, implying that alterations in the glycosylation of this convertase have functional consequences. Collectively, our findings show that STT3A-dependent inhibition of N-linked glycosylation on receptor tyrosine kinases and their convertases combines to impair receptor processing and surface localization. These results provide new insight into CDG pathogenesis and highlight how the surface abundance of some glycoproteins can be dually impacted by abnormal glycosylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elsenoor Klaver
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Peng Zhao
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Melanie May
- Research Division, Greenwood Genetic Center, Greenwood, SC 29646, USA
| | | | - Hudson H Freeze
- Sanford Children's Health Research Center, Sanford-Burnham-Prebys Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Reid Gilmore
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worchester, MA 01655, USA
| | - Lance Wells
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Joseph Contessa
- Departments of Therapeutic Radiology and Pharmacology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Richard Steet
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA .,Research Division, Greenwood Genetic Center, Greenwood, SC 29646, USA
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13
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Ning L, Lin Z, Gu J, Gan L, Li Y, Wang H, Miao L, Zhang L, Wang B, Li M. The initial deficiency of protein processing and flavonoids biosynthesis were the main mechanisms for the male sterility induced by SX-1 in Brassica napus. BMC Genomics 2018; 19:806. [PMID: 30404610 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-018-5203-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Rapeseed (Brassica napus) is an important oil seed crop in the Brassicaceae family. Chemical induced male sterility (CIMS) is one of the widely used method to produce the hybrids in B. napus. Identification of the key genes and pathways that involved in CIMS were important to understand the underlying molecular mechanism. In the present report, a multi-omics integrative analysis, including of the proteomic, transcriptomic and miRNAs, combined with morphological and physiological analysis were conducted. Results Earlier degeneration of the tapetosomes and elaioplasts, aberrantly stacking in tapetal cells and incompletely deposition in tryphine of pollen wall were observed in chemical hybridization agent (CHA) of SX-1 treated B. napus through SEM and TEM analysis. It was revealed that the deficiencies in protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and flavonoids biosynthesis were occurred at early stage in the SX-1 treated materials. Subsequently, plant hormone signal transduction, biosynthesis of amino acids, fatty acids and steroid in anther at later stages were identified down-regulated after SX-1 treatment. 144 transcript factors (TFs) were also indentified to down-regulated at early stage, which suggested the early regulation in anther and pollen wall development were disordered in CHA treated B. napus. In addition, 7 important miRNAs were identified and 2 of the predicted target genes of miRNAs were Rf-like genes. Conclusions Taken together, an interaction network of candidate genes and the putative metabolism pathways were constructed based on the multi-omics integrative analysis, it provided a new insight into the male sterility induced by CHA of SX-1 in B. napus. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12864-018-5203-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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14
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Anouar Y, Lihrmann I, Falluel-Morel A, Boukhzar L. Selenoprotein T is a key player in ER proteostasis, endocrine homeostasis and neuroprotection. Free Radic Biol Med 2018; 127:145-152. [PMID: 29800653 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.05.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Revised: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Selenoprotein T (SELENOT, SELT) is a thioredoxin-like enzyme anchored at the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane, whose primary structure is highly conserved during evolution. SELENOT is abundant in embryonic tissues and its activity is essential during development since its gene knockout in mice is lethal early during embryogenesis. Although its expression is repressed in most adult tissues, SELENOT remains particularly abundant in endocrine organs such as the pituitary, pancreas, thyroid and testis, suggesting an important role of this selenoprotein in hormone production. Our recent studies showed indeed that SELENOT plays a key function in insulin and corticotropin biosynthesis and release by regulating ER proteostasis. Although SELENOT expression is low or undetectable in most cerebral structures, its gene conditional knockout in brain provokes anatomical alterations that impact mice behavior. This suggests that SELENOT also plays an important role in brain development and function. In addition, SELENOT is induced after injury in brain or liver and exerts a cytoprotective effect. Thus, the data gathered during the last ten years of intense investigation of this newly discovered thioredoxin-like enzyme point to an essential function during development and in adult endocrine organs or lesioned brain, most likely by regulating ER redox circuits that control homeostasis and survival of cells with intense metabolic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youssef Anouar
- Rouen-Normandie University, UNIROUEN, INSERM, U1239, Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication Laboratory, 76821 Mont-Saint-Aignan, France; Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine of Normandy, 76000 Rouen, France.
| | - Isabelle Lihrmann
- Rouen-Normandie University, UNIROUEN, INSERM, U1239, Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication Laboratory, 76821 Mont-Saint-Aignan, France; Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine of Normandy, 76000 Rouen, France
| | - Anthony Falluel-Morel
- Rouen-Normandie University, UNIROUEN, INSERM, U1239, Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication Laboratory, 76821 Mont-Saint-Aignan, France; Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine of Normandy, 76000 Rouen, France
| | - Loubna Boukhzar
- Rouen-Normandie University, UNIROUEN, INSERM, U1239, Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication Laboratory, 76821 Mont-Saint-Aignan, France; Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine of Normandy, 76000 Rouen, France
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15
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Abstract
For proteins to cause IgE-mediated allergic reactions, several common characteristics have to be defined, including small molecular size, solubility and stability to changing pH levels and enzymatic degradation. Nevertheless, these features are not unique for potent allergens, but are also observed in non-allergenic proteins. Due to the increasing awareness by regulatory authorities regarding the allergy pandemic, definition of characteristics unique to potent allergens would facilitate allergenicity assessment in the future. Despite major research efforts even to date the features unique for major allergens have not been elucidated so far. The route of allergen entry into the organism determines to a great extent these required characteristics. Especially orally ingested allergens are exposed to the harsh milieu of the gastrointestinal tract but might additionally be influenced by food processing. Depending on molecular properties such as disulphide bonds contributing to protein fold and formation of conformational IgE epitopes, posttranslational protein modification or protein food matrix interactions, enzymatic and thermal stability might differ between allergens. Moreover, also ligand binding influences structural stability. In the current review article, we aim at highlighting specific characteristics and molecular pattern contributing to a stabilized protein structure and overall allergenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith Pekar
- Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Davide Ret
- Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; Division of Macromolecular Chemistry, Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, Vienna University of Technology, 1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Eva Untersmayr
- Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
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16
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Böser A, Drexler HCA, Bartscherer K. Tissue Extracts for Quantitative Mass Spectrometry of Planarian Proteins Using SILAC. Methods Mol Biol 2018; 1774:539-53. [PMID: 29916177 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-7802-1_24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
Abstract
SILAC (stable isotope labeling by amino acids in cell culture) proteomics enables the relative quantification of proteins in one or more biological samples by mass spectrometry. This technology is based on the metabolic incorporation of heavy isotope-labeled essential amino acids into nascent proteins in vivo. Here, we describe the preparation of SILAC protein samples from planarians, flatworms with high regenerative potential and tissue plasticity. Applications for SILAC proteomics of planarians include the analysis of protein abundances, protein-protein interactions and turnover rates during stem cell-based regeneration and tissue homeostasis.
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17
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De Marchis F, Colanero S, Klein EM, Mainieri D, Prota VM, Bellucci M, Pagliuca G, Zironi E, Gazzotti T, Vitale A, Pompa A. Expression of CLAVATA3 fusions indicates rapid intracellular processing and a role of ERAD. Plant Sci 2018; 271:67-80. [PMID: 29650159 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2018.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Revised: 02/16/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The 12 amino acid peptide derived from the Arabidopsis soluble secretory protein CLAVATA3 (CLV3) acts at the cell surface in a signalling system that regulates the size of apical meristems. The subcellular pathway involved in releasing the peptide from its precursor is unknown. We show that a CLV3-GFP fusion expressed in transfected tobacco protoplasts or transgenic tobacco plants has very short intracellular half-life that cannot be extended by the secretory traffic inhibitors brefeldin A and wortmannin. The fusion is biologically active, since the incubation medium of protoplasts from CLV3-GFP-expressing tobacco contains the CLV3 peptide and inhibits root growth. The rapid disappearance of intact CLV3-GFP requires the signal peptide and is inhibited by the proteasome inhibitor MG132 or coexpression with a mutated CDC48 that inhibits endoplasmic reticulum-associated protein degradation (ERAD). The synthesis of CLV3-GFP is specifically supported by the endoplasmic reticulum chaperone endoplasmin in an in vivo assay. Our results indicate that processing of CLV3 starts intracellularly in an early compartment of the secretory pathway and that ERAD could play a regulatory or direct role in the active peptide synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca De Marchis
- Istituto di Bioscienze e Biorisorse, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Perugia, Italy
| | - Sara Colanero
- Istituto di Bioscienze e Biorisorse, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Perugia, Italy
| | - Eva M Klein
- Istituto di Biologia e Biotecnologia Agraria, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Milano, Italy
| | - Davide Mainieri
- Istituto di Biologia e Biotecnologia Agraria, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Milano, Italy
| | - Viviana M Prota
- Istituto di Biologia e Biotecnologia Agraria, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Milano, Italy
| | - Michele Bellucci
- Istituto di Bioscienze e Biorisorse, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Perugia, Italy
| | - Giampiero Pagliuca
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche Veterinarie, Università di Bologna 40064 Ozzano Emilia, BO, Italy
| | - Elisa Zironi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche Veterinarie, Università di Bologna 40064 Ozzano Emilia, BO, Italy
| | - Teresa Gazzotti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche Veterinarie, Università di Bologna 40064 Ozzano Emilia, BO, Italy
| | - Alessandro Vitale
- Istituto di Biologia e Biotecnologia Agraria, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Milano, Italy.
| | - Andrea Pompa
- Istituto di Bioscienze e Biorisorse, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Perugia, Italy.
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18
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Feijoo-Siota L, Rama JLR, Sánchez-Pérez A, Villa TG. Expression, activation and processing of a novel plant milk-clotting aspartic protease in Pichia pastoris. J Biotechnol 2018; 268:28-39. [PMID: 29339117 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2018.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Galium verum, also known as Lady's Bedstraw or Cheese Rennet, is an herbaceous perennial plant traditionally used in cheese-making. We used RACE PCR to isolate novel enzymes from Galium verum with the ability to clot milk. This approach generated two cDNA sequences (named preprogaline A and B) encoding proteins displaying the typical plant aspartic protease primary structure. Preprogaline B was expressed in the yeast Pichia pastoris, after deleting and replacing its original signal peptide with the yeast α-factor signal peptide from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The secreted recombinant protein was obtained by growing P. pastoris in YPD medium and had the ability to clot milk. The mature form of progaline B is a heterodimeric glycosylated enzyme, with a molecular weight of approximately 48 kDa, that contains a heavy (30.7 kDa) and a light (13.5 kDa) polypeptide chains linked by disulfide bonds. Western blot analysis revealed that progaline B is activated by the acidification of the yeast culture medium and that enzymatic activation requires two steps. First the precursor protein is cleaved into two polypeptide chains by partial removal of the plant-specific insert (PSI) present in plant aspartic proteases; this is later followed by propeptide removal. By altering the pH of the P. pastoris culture medium, we were able to obtain either active or inactive forms of the enzyme. Recombinant progaline B displayed a κ-casein hydrolysis pattern analogous to those produced by the animal and microbial coagulants currently used in the dairy industry, but it exhibited a different digestion profile on α- and β-caseins. The plant protease progaline B displays milk-clotting activities suitable for the production of novel dairy products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucía Feijoo-Siota
- Department of Microbiology, Biotechnology Unit, University of Santiago de Compostela 15706, Spain
| | - José Luis R Rama
- Department of Microbiology, Biotechnology Unit, University of Santiago de Compostela 15706, Spain
| | - Angeles Sánchez-Pérez
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Tomás G Villa
- Department of Microbiology, Biotechnology Unit, University of Santiago de Compostela 15706, Spain.
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19
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Shi S, Kelly BJ, Wang C, Klingler K, Chan A, Eckert GJ, Trippel SB. Human IGF-I propeptide A promotes articular chondrocyte biosynthesis and employs glycosylation-dependent heparin binding. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2017; 1862:567-575. [PMID: 29174671 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2017.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Revised: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) is a key regulator of chondrogenesis, but its therapeutic application to articular cartilage damage is limited by rapid elimination from the repair site. The human IGF-I gene gives rise to three IGF-I propeptides (proIGF-IA, proIGF-IB and proIGF-IC) that are cleaved to create mature IGF-I. In this study, we elucidate the processing of IGF-I precursors by articular chondrocytes, and test the hypotheses that proIGF-I isoforms bind to heparin and regulate articular chondrocyte biosynthesis. METHODS Human IGF-I propeptides and mutants were overexpressed in bovine articular chondrocytes. IGF-I products were characterized by ELISA, western blot and FPLC using a heparin column. The biosynthetic activity of IGF-I products on articular chondrocytes was assayed for DNA and glycosaminoglycan that the cells produced. RESULTS Secreted IGF-I propeptides stimulated articular chondrocyte biosynthetic activity to the same degree as mature IGF-I. Of the three IGF-I propeptides, only one, proIGF-IA, strongly bound to heparin. Interestingly, heparin binding of proIGF-IA depended on N-glycosylation at Asn92 in the EA peptide. To our knowledge, this is the first demonstration that N-glycosylation determines the binding of a heparin-binding protein to heparin. CONCLUSION The biosynthetic and heparin binding abilities of proIGF-IA, coupled with its generation of IGF-I, suggest that proIGF-IA may have therapeutic value for articular cartilage repair. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE These data identify human pro-insulin-like growth factor IA as a bifunctional protein. Its combined ability to bind heparin and augment chondrocyte biosynthesis makes it a promising therapeutic agent for cartilage damage due to trauma and osteoarthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuiliang Shi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, United States.
| | - Brian J Kelly
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, United States
| | - Congrong Wang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, United States
| | - Ken Klingler
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, United States
| | - Albert Chan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, United States
| | - George J Eckert
- Department of Biostatistics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, United States
| | - Stephen B Trippel
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, United States; Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, United States; Orthopaedic Surgery Service, Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN 46202, United States
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Abstract
Obesity and cancer are two interrelated conditions of high epidemiological need, with studies showing that obesity is responsible for nearly 25% of the relative contribution to cancer incidence. Given the connection between these conditions, a drug that can operate on both obesity and cancer is highly desirable. Such a drug is accomplishable through the development of potent anti-angiogenesis agents due to the shared underlying role of angiogenesis in the development of both diseases. Prior research has demonstrated a key role of type-2 methionine aminopeptidase (MetAP2) for angiogenesis, which has led to the development of numerous of novel inhibitors. Several irreversible MetAP2 inhibitors have entered clinical trials without great success. Though this lack of success could be attributed to off-target adverse effects, the underlying causes remain unclear. More promising reversible inhibitors have been recently developed with excellent pre-clinical results. However, due to insufficient knowledge of the biological functions of N-terminal protein processing, it is hard to predict whether these novel inhibitors would successfully pass clinical trials and thereby benefit cancer and obesity patients. Significantly more efforts are needed to advance our understanding of the regulation of methionine aminopeptidases and the processes by which they govern the function of proteins.
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21
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Hieronimus B, Pfohl J, Busch C, Graeve L. Expression and Characterization of Membrane-Type 4 Matrix Metalloproteinase (MT4-MMP) and its Different Forms in Melanoma. Cell Physiol Biochem 2017; 42:198-210. [PMID: 28531887 DOI: 10.1159/000477311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Membrane-type matrix metalloproteinases (MT-MMPs) are expressed on the cell surface and hydrolyze extracellular matrix components and signaling molecules by which they influence cancer cell migration and metastasis. Two of the six known MT-MMPs are anchored to the plasma membrane via a GPI anchor, one of which is MT4-MMP. Only little is known about MT4-MMP expression, synthesis, regulation and degradation. METHODS We analyzed several human cancer cell lines as well as tissue homogenates using Western blotting and quantitative PCR for the expression of MT4-MMP. Organelles of SK-Mel-28 cells were separated using continuous Iodixanol gradients. Glycosylation of the SK-Mel-28 protein was studied via glucosidases and site directed mutagenesis of the MT4-MMP cDNA prior to transfection. RESULTS We found the MT4-MMP highly expressed in human melanoma cell lines as well as skin and melanoma tissue samples. Three forms of MT4-MMP with molecular masses of 45 kDa, 58 kDa and 69 kDa were detected. Further, we demonstrate that the 58 kDa form is the mature protein in the cell membrane, while the 69 kDa form is its precursor found in intracellular compartments. The 69 kDa forms are processed by furin cleavage in the Golgi apparatus. Moreover, we identified Asn318 as the single N-glycosylation site of MT4-MMP. CONCLUSION We demonstrate the novel expression of MT4-MMP in melanocytic tissues and propose a precursor/product-relationship of the different forms of MT4-MMP in melanoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bettina Hieronimus
- Institute of Biological Chemistry and Nutrition, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Julian Pfohl
- Institute of Biological Chemistry and Nutrition, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Christian Busch
- Section of Dermatolo-Oncology, Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany.,Dermateam, Winterthur, Switzerland
| | - Lutz Graeve
- Institute of Biological Chemistry and Nutrition, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
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22
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Wang W, Moerman-Herzog AM, Slaton A, Barger SW. Presenilin 1 mutations influence processing and trafficking of the ApoE receptor apoER2. Neurobiol Aging 2016; 49:145-153. [PMID: 27810638 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2016.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Revised: 09/29/2016] [Accepted: 10/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Presenilin (PS)-1 is an intramembrane protease serving as the catalytic component of γ-secretase. Mutations in the PS1 gene are the most common cause of familial Alzheimer's disease (FAD). The low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-receptor family member apoER2 is a γ-secretase substrate that has been associated with AD in several ways, including acting as a receptor for apolipoprotein E (ApoE). ApoER2 is processed by γ-secretase into a C-terminal fragment (γ-CTF) that appears to regulate gene expression. FAD PS1 mutations were tested for effects on apoER2. PS1 mutation R278I showed impaired γ-secretase activity for apoER2 in the basal state or after exposure to Reelin. PS1 M146V mutation permitted accumulation of apoER2 CTFs after Reelin treatment, whereas no difference was seen between wild-type (WT) and M146V in the basal state. PS1 L282V mutation, combined with the γ-secretase inhibitor N-(N-[3,5-Difluorophenacetyl]-L-alanyl)-S-phenylglycine t-butyl ester, greatly reduced the cell-surface levels of apoER2 without affecting total apoER2 levels, suggesting a defect in receptor trafficking. These findings indicate that impaired processing or localization of apoER2 may contribute to the pathogenic effects of FAD mutations in PS1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Department of Geriatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | | | - Arthur Slaton
- Department of Geriatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Steven W Barger
- Department of Geriatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA; Department of Neurobiology & Developmental Sciences, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA; Geriatrics Research, Education and Clinical Center, Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System, Little Rock, AR, USA.
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Sharma S, Martin S, Sykes MJ, Dave A, Hewitt AW, Burdon KP, Ronci M, Voelcker NH, Craig JE. Biological effect of LOXL1 coding variants associated with pseudoexfoliation syndrome. Exp Eye Res 2016; 146:212-23. [PMID: 26997634 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2016.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2015] [Revised: 03/01/2016] [Accepted: 03/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Pseudoexfoliation (PEX) syndrome is a systemic disease involving the extracellular matrix. It increases the risk of glaucoma, an irreversible cause of blindness, and susceptibility to heart disease, stroke and hearing loss. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the LOXL1 (Lysyl oxidase-like 1) gene are the major known genetic risk factor for PEX syndrome. Two coding SNPs, rs1048861 (G > T; Arg141Leu) and rs3825942 (G > A; Gly153Asp), in the LOXL1 gene are strongly associated with the disease risk in multiple populations worldwide. In the present study, we investigated functional effects of these SNPs on the LOXL1 protein. We show through molecular modelling that positions 141 and 153 are likely surface residues and hence possible recognition sites for protein-protein interactions; the Arg141Leu and Gly153Asp substitutions cause charge changes that would lead to local differences in protein electrostatic potential and in turn the potential to modify protein-protein interactions. In RFL-6 rat fetal lung fibroblast cells ectopically expressing the LOXL1 protein variants related to PEX (Arg141_Gly153, Arg141_Asp153 or Leu141_Gly153), immunoprecipitation of the secreted variants showed differences in their processing by endogenous proteins, possibly Bone morphogenetic protein-1 (BMP-1) that cleaves and leads to enzymatic activation of LOXL1. Immunofluorescence labelling of the ectopically expressed protein variants in RFL-6 cells showed no significant difference in their extracellular accumulation tendency. In conclusion, this is the first report of a biological effect of the coding SNPs in the LOXL1 gene associated with PEX syndrome, on the LOXL1 protein. The findings indicate that the disease associated coding variants themselves may be involved in the manifestation of PEX syndrome.
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Canut H, Albenne C, Jamet E. Post-translational modifications of plant cell wall proteins and peptides: A survey from a proteomics point of view. Biochim Biophys Acta 2016; 1864:983-90. [PMID: 26945515 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2016.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2015] [Revised: 02/12/2016] [Accepted: 02/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Plant cell wall proteins (CWPs) and peptides are important players in cell walls contributing to their assembly and their remodeling during development and in response to environmental constraints. Since the rise of proteomics technologies at the beginning of the 2000's, the knowledge of CWPs has greatly increased leading to the discovery of new CWP families and to the description of the cell wall proteomes of different organs of many plants. Conversely, cell wall peptidomics data are still lacking. In addition to the identification of CWPs and peptides by mass spectrometry (MS) and bioinformatics, proteomics has allowed to describe their post-translational modifications (PTMs). At present, the best known PTMs consist in proteolytic cleavage, N-glycosylation, hydroxylation of P residues into hydroxyproline residues (O), O-glycosylation and glypiation. In this review, the methods allowing the capture of the modified proteins based on the specific properties of their PTMs as well as the MS technologies used for their characterization are briefly described. A focus is done on proteolytic cleavage leading to protein maturation or release of signaling peptides and on O-glycosylation. Some new technologies, like top-down proteomics and terminomics, are described. They aim at a finer description of proteoforms resulting from PTMs or degradation mechanisms. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Plant Proteomics--a bridge between fundamental processes and crop production, edited by Dr. Hans-Peter Mock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hervé Canut
- Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, 24 chemin de Borde Rouge, Auzeville, BP42617, 31326 Castanet Tolosan, France
| | - Cécile Albenne
- Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, 24 chemin de Borde Rouge, Auzeville, BP42617, 31326 Castanet Tolosan, France
| | - Elisabeth Jamet
- Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, 24 chemin de Borde Rouge, Auzeville, BP42617, 31326 Castanet Tolosan, France.
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Walton A, Tsiatsiani L, Jacques S, Stes E, Messens J, Van Breusegem F, Goormachtig S, Gevaert K. Diagonal chromatography to study plant protein modifications. Biochim Biophys Acta 2016; 1864:945-51. [PMID: 26772901 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2016.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2015] [Revised: 12/01/2015] [Accepted: 01/04/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
An interesting asset of diagonal chromatography, which we have introduced for contemporary proteome research, is its high versatility concerning proteomic applications. Indeed, the peptide modification or sorting step that is required between consecutive peptide separations can easily be altered and thereby allows for the enrichment of specific, though different types of peptides. Here, we focus on the application of diagonal chromatography for the study of modifications of plant proteins. In particular, we show how diagonal chromatography allows for studying proteins processed by proteases, protein ubiquitination, and the oxidation of protein-bound methionines. We discuss the actual sorting steps needed for each of these applications and the obtained results. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Plant Proteomics--a bridge between fundamental processes and crop production, edited by Dr. Hans-Peter Mock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan Walton
- Department of Medical Protein Research, VIB, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biochemistry, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Liana Tsiatsiani
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, the Netherlands; Netherlands Proteomics Centre, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Silke Jacques
- Department of Medical Protein Research, VIB, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biochemistry, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Elisabeth Stes
- Department of Medical Protein Research, VIB, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biochemistry, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Joris Messens
- Structural Biology Research Center, VIB, 1050 Brussels, Belgium; Brussels Center for Redox Biology, 1050 Brussels, Belgium; Structural Biology Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Frank Van Breusegem
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sofie Goormachtig
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kris Gevaert
- Department of Medical Protein Research, VIB, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biochemistry, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
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Ashnest JR, Huynh DL, Dragwidge JM, Ford BA, Gendall AR. Arabidopsis Intracellular NHX-Type Sodium-Proton Antiporters are Required for Seed Storage Protein Processing. Plant Cell Physiol 2015; 56:2220-33. [PMID: 26416852 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcv138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2015] [Accepted: 09/18/2015] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The Arabidopsis intracellular sodium-proton exchanger (NHX) proteins AtNHX5 and AtNHX6 have a well-documented role in plant development, and have been used to improve salt tolerance in a variety of species. Despite evidence that intracellular NHX proteins are important in vacuolar trafficking, the mechanism of this role is poorly understood. Here we show that NHX5 and NHX6 are necessary for processing of the predominant seed storage proteins, and also influence the processing and activity of a vacuolar processing enzyme. Furthermore, we show by yeast two-hybrid and bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC) technology that the C-terminal tail of NHX6 interacts with a component of Retromer, another component of the cell sorting machinery, and that this tail is critical for NHX6 activity. These findings demonstrate that NHX5 and NHX6 are important in processing and activity of vacuolar cargo, and suggest a mechanism by which NHX intracellular (IC)-II antiporters may be involved in subcellular trafficking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanne R Ashnest
- Department of Animal, Plant and Soil Sciences, AgriBio, Centre for AgriBiosciences, 5 Ring Road, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC 3086, Australia
| | - Dung L Huynh
- Department of Animal, Plant and Soil Sciences, AgriBio, Centre for AgriBiosciences, 5 Ring Road, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC 3086, Australia
| | - Jonathan M Dragwidge
- Department of Animal, Plant and Soil Sciences, AgriBio, Centre for AgriBiosciences, 5 Ring Road, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC 3086, Australia
| | - Brett A Ford
- Department of Animal, Plant and Soil Sciences, AgriBio, Centre for AgriBiosciences, 5 Ring Road, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC 3086, Australia Present address: Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization Agriculture Flagship, Clunies Ross Street, Acton, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Anthony R Gendall
- Department of Animal, Plant and Soil Sciences, AgriBio, Centre for AgriBiosciences, 5 Ring Road, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC 3086, Australia
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27
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Lewis V, Johanssen VA, Crouch PJ, Klug GM, Hooper NM, Collins SJ. Prion protein "gamma-cleavage": characterizing a novel endoproteolytic processing event. Cell Mol Life Sci 2015; 73:667-83. [PMID: 26298290 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-015-2022-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2015] [Revised: 07/17/2015] [Accepted: 08/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The cellular prion protein (PrP(C)) is a ubiquitously expressed protein of currently unresolved but potentially diverse function. Of putative relevance to normal biological activity, PrP(C) is recognized to undergo both α- and β-endoproteolysis, producing the cleavage fragment pairs N1/C1 and N2/C2, respectively. Experimental evidence suggests the likelihood that these processing events serve differing cellular needs. Through the engineering of a C-terminal c-myc tag onto murine PrP(C), as well as the selective use of a far-C-terminal anti-PrP antibody, we have identified a new PrP(C) fragment, nominally 'C3', and elaborating existing nomenclature, 'γ-cleavage' as the responsible proteolysis. Our studies indicate that this novel γ-cleavage event can occur during transit through the secretory pathway after exiting the endoplasmic reticulum, and after PrP(C) has reached the cell surface, by a matrix metalloprotease. We found that C3 is GPI-anchored like other C-terminal and full length PrP(C) species, though it does not localize primarily at the cell surface, and is preferentially cleaved from an unglycosylated substrate. Importantly, we observed that C3 exists in diverse cell types as well as mouse and human brain tissue, and of possible pathogenic significance, γ-cleavage may increase in human prion diseases. Given the likely relevance of PrP(C) processing to both its normal function, and susceptibility to prion disease, the potential importance of this previously underappreciated and overlooked cleavage event warrants further consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Lewis
- Department of Medicine, RMH, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Vanessa A Johanssen
- Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Peter J Crouch
- Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Genevieve M Klug
- Department of Medicine, RMH, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia.,The Australian National Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease Registry, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Nigel M Hooper
- Institute of Brain, Behaviour and Mental Health, Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - Steven J Collins
- Department of Medicine, RMH, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia. .,The Australian National Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease Registry, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia.
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Rocha AJ, Soares EL, Costa JH, Costa WLG, Soares AA, Nogueira FCS, Domont GB, Campos FAP. Differential expression of cysteine peptidase genes in the inner integument and endosperm of developing seeds of Jatropha curcas L. (Euphorbiaceae). Plant Sci 2013; 213:30-37. [PMID: 24157205 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2013.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2013] [Revised: 08/26/2013] [Accepted: 08/27/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
In several plant tissues, programmed cell death (PCD) is mediated by the combined action of cysteine peptidases, namely KDEL-tailed cysteine peptidases (KDEL-CysEP) and vacuolar processing enzymes (VPE). Here, we performed a search of the draft genome of Jatropha curcas L. (Euphorbiaceae) and identified 2 genes for KDEL-CysEP (Jc-CysEP1 and Jc-CysEP2) and 3 genes for VPE (Jc-βVPE, Jc-γVPE and Jc-δVPE) and determined the expression patterns of these genes by RT-qPCR in integument and cellular endosperm of seeds collected at seven different developmental stages. We were able to demonstrate that the expression of Jc-CysEP1, Jc-CysEP2, Jc-βVPE and Jc-γVPE proceeded rapidly from Stage IV, with Jc-CysEP2 displaying the highest relative expression; expression of Jc-δVPE could not be detected in any of the tissues/developmental stages analyzed. Additionally, we showed that the expression pattern of these peptidases correlates with anatomical changes in integument and cellular endosperm, thus suggesting a role for both classes of peptidases in PCD and in protein processing, both of which occur simultaneously in each of these tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antônio J Rocha
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
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