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Knecht GT, Froelich N, Campiglia AD. Screening method for the analysis of Rhodamine B in chili powder. Food Chem 2024; 447:138936. [PMID: 38461717 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.138936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Rhodamine B is a synthetic dye known to enhance the visual appearance of chili powder. Due to its toxicity and carcinogenicity, chromatographic methods have been developed to monitor its presence in adulterated chili powder, but their assays are laborious, time consuming and expensive for screening purposes. The present studies propose an alternative for screening Rhodamine B in chili powder samples. The method combines thin layer chromatography (TLC) to solid surface room-temperature fluorescence spectroscopy. The scrape-dissolution procedure common to the instrumental analysis of TLC procedures was replaced with a fiber optic probe coupled to a commercial spectrofluorometer. The determination of Rhodamine B on the chromatographic plate is based on its retardation factor and maximum excitation and emission wavelengths. The limit of detection (1.9 ng.mL-1) and the limit of quantitation (5.2 ng.mL-1) are well below the usual contamination of Rhodamine B in adulterated foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Thomas Knecht
- Department of Chemistry, University of Central Florida, 4000 Central Florida Blvd., Physical Science Room 255, Orlando, FL 32816-8005, USA
| | - Noah Froelich
- Department of Chemistry, University of Central Florida, 4000 Central Florida Blvd., Physical Science Room 255, Orlando, FL 32816-8005, USA
| | - Andres D Campiglia
- Department of Chemistry, University of Central Florida, 4000 Central Florida Blvd., Physical Science Room 255, Orlando, FL 32816-8005, USA; National Center for Forensic Science, University of Central Florida, P.O. Box 162367, Orlando, FL 32816-2367, USA.
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Süssmann J, Fischer EK, Hildebrandt L, Walz E, Greiner R, Rohn S, Fritsche J. Nile red staining for rapid screening of plastic-suspect particles in edible seafood tissues. Anal Bioanal Chem 2024; 416:3459-3471. [PMID: 38727737 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-024-05296-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
Concerns regarding microplastic (MP) contamination in aquatic ecosystems and its impact on seafood require a better understanding of human dietary MP exposure including extensive monitoring. While conventional techniques for MP analysis like infrared or Raman microspectroscopy provide detailed particle information, they are limited by low sample throughput, particularly when dealing with high particle numbers in seafood due to matrix-related residues. Consequently, more rapid techniques need to be developed to meet the requirements of large-scale monitoring. This study focused on semi-automated fluorescence imaging analysis after Nile red staining for rapid MP screening in seafood. By implementing RGB-based fluorescence threshold values, the need for high operator expertise to prevent misclassification was addressed. Food-relevant MP was identified with over 95% probability and differentiated from natural polymers with a 1% error rate. Comparison with laser direct infrared imaging (LDIR), a state-of-the-art method for rapid MP analysis, showed similar particle counts, indicating plausible results. However, highly variable recovery rates attributed to inhomogeneous particle spiking experiments highlight the need for future development of certified reference material including sample preparation. The proposed method demonstrated suitability of high throughput analysis for seafood samples, requiring 0.02-0.06 h/cm2 filter surface compared to 4.5-14.7 h/cm with LDIR analysis. Overall, the method holds promise as a screening tool for more accurate yet resource-intensive MP analysis methods such as spectroscopic or thermoanalytical techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Süssmann
- Department of Safety and Quality of Milk and Fish Products, Max Rubner-Institut, Federal Research Institute of Nutrition and Food, Hermann-Weigmann-Straße 1, 24103, Kiel, Germany.
| | - Elke Kerstin Fischer
- Center for Earth System Research and Sustainability (CEN), University of Hamburg, Bundesstraße 55, 20146, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Lars Hildebrandt
- Department for Inorganic Environmental Chemistry, Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon, Institute of Coastal Environmental Chemistry, Max-Planck-Straße 1, 21502, Geesthacht, Germany
| | - Elke Walz
- Department of Food Technology and Bioprocess Engineering, Max Rubner-Institut, Federal Research Institute of Nutrition and Food, Haid-Und-Neu-Straße 9, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Ralf Greiner
- Department of Food Technology and Bioprocess Engineering, Max Rubner-Institut, Federal Research Institute of Nutrition and Food, Haid-Und-Neu-Straße 9, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Sascha Rohn
- Department of Food Chemistry and Analysis, Technische Universität Berlin, Institute of Food Technology and Food Chemistry, TIB 4/3-1, Gustav-Meyer-Allee 25, 13355, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jan Fritsche
- Department of Safety and Quality of Milk and Fish Products, Max Rubner-Institut, Federal Research Institute of Nutrition and Food, Hermann-Weigmann-Straße 1, 24103, Kiel, Germany
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Collet MO, Nielsen AH, Larsen LK, Laerkner E, Jensen JF, Mortensen CB, Lehmkuhl L, Thorn L, Rossen BS, Nielsen TA, Laursen E, Shiv LH, Villumsen M, Rahr MN, Svenningsen H. Delirium and delirium severity screening in the intensive care-correspondence of screenings tools. Aust Crit Care 2024; 37:407-413. [PMID: 37438182 DOI: 10.1016/j.aucc.2023.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Delirium severity scores are gaining acceptance for measuring delirium in the intensive care unit (ICU). OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate the concordance between the Confusion Assessment Method for the intensive care unit (CAM-ICU)-7 and the Intensive Care Delirium Screening Checklist (ICDSC) as delirium severity measurement tools. METHODS This was a prospective, comparative, observational multicentre study. This study was conducted in 18 Danish ICUs. Delirium was assessed in adult critically ill patients admitted to an ICU with a Richmond Agitation and Sedation Score (RASS) of -2 or above. ICU nurses assessed delirium with randomised paired delirium screening instruments, using the CAM-ICU, the ICDSC, and the CAM-ICU-7. The correlation between the CAM-ICU-7 and the ICDSC severity scores was evaluated for all predefined patient subgroups. RESULTS A total of 1126 paired screenings were conducted by 127 ICU nurses in 850 patients. The patients' median age was 70 years (interquartile range: 61-77), 40% (339/850) were female, and 54% (457/850) had at least one positive delirium score. Delirium severity ranges (CAM-ICU-7: 0-7; and ICDSC: 0-8) were positively correlated (Pearson's correlation coefficient, r = 0.83; p < 0.0001). The overall agreement between the CAM-ICU-7 and the ICDSC for delirium measurement (CAM-ICU-7: >2, and ICDSC: >3) was substantial (kappa = 0.74), but the agreement decreased to fair (kappa = 0.38) if a patient had a RASS less than 0. CONCLUSIONS The agreement between the CAM-ICU-7 and the ICDSC for delirium severity measurement was substantial but might be affected by the patient's sedation and agitation level at the time of assessment. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE Both CAM-ICU-7 and ICDSC can be implemented for delirium severity measurement. Attention is warranted in both scores if a patient has a RASS of -2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie O Collet
- Department of Intensive Care, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Denmark.
| | - Anne H Nielsen
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Goedstrup Hospital, Denmark AND Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Denmark
| | - Laura K Larsen
- Department of Neuroanaesthesiology, Neurointensive Care Unit 6021, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Denmark
| | - Eva Laerkner
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Odense University Hospital, Denmark
| | - Janet Froulund Jensen
- Department of Neurology, Zealand University Hospital, Region Zealand, Roskilde, Denmark; Department of Anesthesiology, Holbaek Hospital, Denmark; Department of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, Denmark
| | - Camilla B Mortensen
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Intensive Care Unit, Zealand University Hospital, Koege, Denmark
| | - Lene Lehmkuhl
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, OUH Svendborg Hospital, Svendborg, Denmark
| | - Linette Thorn
- Department of Intensive Care, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark
| | - Birgitte Sonne Rossen
- Department of Intensive Care Y13, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Denmark
| | | | - Edel Laursen
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Horsens Regional Hospital, Denmark
| | - Louise Hvid Shiv
- Department of Intensive Care, North Zealand Hospital, Dyrhavevej 29, 3400 Hillerød, Denmark
| | | | - Mette Nygaard Rahr
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Gødstrup Hospital, Denmark
| | - Helle Svenningsen
- Research Centre for Health and Welfare Technology, Programme for Rehabilitation, Programme for Physical and Mental Health, VIA University College, Campus Aarhus N, Denmark
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Lima CD, Magalhães de Almeida Melo L, Arantes LC, Conceição NDS, de França Schaffel I, Machado LL, de Queiroz Ferreira R, Pio Dos Santos WT. Simple and selective screening method for the synthetic cathinone MDPT in forensic samples using carbon nanofiber screen-printed electrodes. Talanta 2024; 269:125375. [PMID: 37977086 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.125375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
3',4'-Methylenedioxy-N-tert-butylcathinone (MDPT), also known as tBuONE or D-Tertylone, is a synthetic cathinone (SC) frequently abused for recreational purposes due to its potent stimulant effects and similarity to illegal substances like methamphetamine and ecstasy. The structural diversity and rapid introduction of new SC analogs to the market poses significant challenges for law enforcement and analytical methods for preliminary screening of illicit drugs. In this work, we present, for the first time, the electrochemical detection of MDPT using screen-printed electrodes modified with carbon nanofibers (SPE-CNF). MDPT exhibited three electrochemical processes (two oxidations and one reduction) on SPE-CNF. The proposed method for MDPT detection was optimized in 0.2 mol L-1 Britton-Robinson buffer solution at pH 10.0 using differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). The SPE-CNF showed a high stability for electrochemical responses of all redox processes of MDPT using the same or different electrodes, with relative standard deviations less than 4.7% and 1.5% (N = 3) for peak currents and peak potentials, respectively. Moreover, the proposed method provided a wide linear range for MDPT determination (0.90-112 μmol L-1) with low LOD (0.26 μmol L-1). Interference studies for two common adulterants, caffeine and paracetamol, and ten other illicit drugs, including amphetamine-like compounds and different SCs, showed that the proposed sensor is highly selective for the preliminarily identification of MDPT in seized forensic samples. Therefore, SPE-CNF with DPV can be successfully applied as a fast and simple screening method for MDPT identification in forensic analysis, addressing the significant challenges posed by the structural diversity of SCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Diana Lima
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Campus JK, 39100000, Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Larissa Magalhães de Almeida Melo
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Campus JK, 39100000, Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Luciano Chaves Arantes
- Laboratório de Química e Física Forense, Instituto de Criminalística, Polícia Civil do Distrito Federal, 70610-907, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil
| | - Nathália Dos Santos Conceição
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Campus Goiabeiras, 29075910, Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | - Izabela de França Schaffel
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Campus Goiabeiras, 29075910, Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | - Lara Lima Machado
- Departamento de Farmácia, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Campus JK, 39100000, Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Rafael de Queiroz Ferreira
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Campus Goiabeiras, 29075910, Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | - Wallans Torres Pio Dos Santos
- Departamento de Farmácia, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Campus JK, 39100000, Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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Franconeri L, Antona D, Cauchemez S, Lévy-Bruhl D, Paireau J. Two-dose measles vaccine effectiveness remains high over time: A French observational study, 2017-2019. Vaccine 2023; 41:5797-5804. [PMID: 37586955 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2023.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND From 2008 to 2019, France has experienced a resurgence of measles epidemics. Surveillance data have shown that the proportion of cases vaccinated with two doses of measles-containing vaccine (MCV) increased with age, raising concerns about the duration of vaccine protection. Our objectives were to investigate age-stratified vaccine effectiveness (VE) for the second dose of MCV (MCV2) and to quantify protection levels over time. METHODS We analyzed data on measles cases aged 2-31 years, reported via mandatory notification to the French measles surveillance system from October 2017 to September 2019. We estimated an age-stratified VE for MCV2 using the screening method, which compares the vaccination status of cases with that of the general population. We improved this method by accounting for natural immunity, exploring four scenarios with four possible levels of natural immunity in the population. In addition, we quantified the decay rate of protection over time, by fitting an exponential decay model among individuals vaccinated in early life. RESULTS In the baseline analysis (absence of natural immunity), VE estimates were high in all age groups and decreased with age, from 99.6 % (95 % confidence interval: 99.3-99.8) in 2-5 years old to 91.4 % (85.1-95.0) in 26-31 years old. Accounting for natural immunity increased VE in the older age group to 93.2-99.2 % depending on the scenario. We estimated that VE was slowly decreasing over time, with an exponential decay rate of 0.0022/year (0.0017-0.0028), leading to VE of 96.7 % (96.0-97.4) 16 years after MCV2 vaccination. This decline was most compatible with scenario 2, a scenario of 4.4 % naturally immunized, non-vaccinated individuals in the 26-31 years old. CONCLUSION Our study confirms the continued high effectiveness of two doses of MCV with only slight degradation, decades after immunization. These findings support the importance of achieving a very high vaccination coverage with 2 doses of MCV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Léa Franconeri
- Direction des Maladies Infectieuses, Santé publique France, 94415 Saint Maurice, France.
| | - Denise Antona
- Direction des Maladies Infectieuses, Santé publique France, 94415 Saint Maurice, France
| | - Simon Cauchemez
- Mathematical Modelling of Infectious Diseases Unit, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR 2000, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Daniel Lévy-Bruhl
- Direction des Maladies Infectieuses, Santé publique France, 94415 Saint Maurice, France
| | - Juliette Paireau
- Direction des Maladies Infectieuses, Santé publique France, 94415 Saint Maurice, France; Mathematical Modelling of Infectious Diseases Unit, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR 2000, 75015 Paris, France
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Carrington B, Sood R. Fluorescent PCR-based Screening Methods for Precise Knock-in of Small DNA Fragments and Point Mutations in Zebrafish. Bio Protoc 2023; 13:e4732. [PMID: 37575394 PMCID: PMC10415208 DOI: 10.21769/bioprotoc.4732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Generation of zebrafish (Danio rerio) models with targeted insertion of epitope tags and point mutations is highly desirable for functional genomics and disease modeling studies. Currently, CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knock-in is the method of choice for insertion of exogeneous sequences by providing a repair template for homology-directed repair (HDR). A major hurdle in generating knock-in models is the labor and cost involved in screening of injected fish to identify the precise knock-in events due to low efficiency of the HDR pathway in zebrafish. Thus, we developed fluorescent PCR-based high-throughput screening methods for precise knock-in of epitope tags and point mutations in zebrafish. Here, we provide a step-by-step guide that describes selection of an active sgRNA near the intended knock-in site, design of single-stranded oligonucleotide (ssODN) templates for HDR, quick validation of somatic knock-in using injected embryos, and screening for germline transmission of precise knock-in events to establish stable lines. Our screening method relies on the size-based separation of all fragments in an amplicon by fluorescent PCR and capillary electrophoresis, thus providing a robust and cost-effective strategy. Although we present the use of this protocol for insertion of epitope tags and point mutations, it can be used for insertion of any small DNA fragments (e.g., LoxP sites, in-frame codons). Furthermore, the screening strategy described here can be used to screen for precise knock-in of small DNA sequences in any model system, as PCR amplification of the target region is its only requirement. Key features This protocol expands the use of fluorescent PCR and CRISPR-STAT for screening of precise knock-in of small insertions and point mutations in zebrafish. Allows validation of selected sgRNA and HDR template within two weeks by somatic knock-in screening. Allows robust screening of point mutations by combining restriction digest with CRISPR-STAT. Graphical overview Overview of the three-phase knock-in pipeline in zebrafish (created with BioRender.com).
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Affiliation(s)
- Blake Carrington
- Zebrafish Core, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Raman Sood
- Zebrafish Core, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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Ma Z, Li Y, Lu C, Li M. On-site screening method for bioavailability assessment of the organophosphorus pesticide, methyl parathion, and its primary metabolite in soils by paper strip biosensor. J Hazard Mater 2023; 457:131725. [PMID: 37295330 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.131725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
An important public concern worldwide is soil pollution caused by organophosphorus pesticides and their primary metabolites. To protect the public's health, screening these pollutants on-site and determining their soil bioavailability is important, but doing so is still challenging. This work improved the already-existing organophosphorus pesticide hydrolase (mpd) and transcriptional activator (pobR), and it first designed and constructed a novel biosensor (Escherichia coli BL21/pNP-LacZ) that can precisely detect methyl parathion (MP) and its primary metabolite p-nitrophenol with low background value. To create a paper strip biosensor, E. coli BL21/pNP-LacZ was fixed to filter paper using bio-gel alginate and sensitizer polymyxin B. According to the calibrations of the paper strip biosensor for soil extracts and standard curve, the color intensity of the paper strip biosensor collected by the mobile app may be used to compute the concentration of MP and p-nitrophenol. This method's detection limits were 5.41 µg/kg for p-nitrophenol and 9.57 µg/kg for MP. The detection of p-nitrophenol and MP in laboratory and field soil samples confirmed this procedure. Paper strip biosensor on-site allows for the semi-quantitative measurement of p-nitrophenol and MP levels in soils in a simple, inexpensive, and portable method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Ma
- Archaeal Biology Center, Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, PR China; Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Microbiome Engineering, Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, PR China
| | - Yuanbo Li
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, PR China.
| | - Chao Lu
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Soil Improvement and Utilization (Coastal Saline-Alkali lands), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Meng Li
- Archaeal Biology Center, Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, PR China; Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Microbiome Engineering, Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, PR China.
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Nakamura S, Ito Y, Hayakawa H, Aoki S, Yamagata T, Osaka H. Establishment of a flow cytometry screening method for patients with glucose transporter 1 deficiency syndrome. Mol Genet Metab Rep 2023; 34:100954. [PMID: 36618999 PMCID: PMC9817163 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgmr.2022.100954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective We assessed the usefulness of flow cytometry as a functional assay to measure glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1) levels on the surface of red blood cells (RBCs) from Japanese patients with glucose transporter 1 deficiency syndrome (Glut1DS). Methods We recruited 13 genetically confirmed Glut1DS patients with a solute carrier family 2 member 1 (SLC2A1) mutation (eight missense, one frameshift, two nonsense, and two deletion) and one clinically suspected Glut1DS-like patient without an SLC2A1 mutation, and collected whole blood with informed consent. We stained pelleted RBCs (1 μL) from the patients with a Glut1.RBD ligand and anti-glycophorin A antibody, which recognizes a human RBC membrane protein, and analyzed the cells using flow cytometry. Results Relative GLUT1 levels quantified by flow cytometry in 11 of 13 patients with definite Glut1DS were 90% below those of healthy controls. Relative GLUT1 levels were not reduced in two of 13 Glut1DS patients who had a missense mutation and no intellectual disability and one Glut1DS-like patient without an SLC2A1 mutation. Relative GLUT1 levels were significantly reduced in Glut1DS patients with an SLC2A1 mutation, more severe intellectual disability, and spasticity. Conclusions This method to detect GLUT1 levels on RBCs is simple and appears to be an appropriate screening assay to identify severe Glut1DS patients in the early stage before the development of irreversible neurologic damage caused by chronic hypoglycorrhachia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachie Nakamura
- Department of Pediatrics, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Yasushi Ito
- Department of Pediatrics, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan,Research Department of Pediatric and Maternal Health, Aiiku Research Institute, Aiiku Maternal & Child Health Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroko Hayakawa
- Department of Biochemistry, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Shiho Aoki
- Department of Pediatrics, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | | | - Hitoshi Osaka
- Department of Pediatrics, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan,Corresponding author at: Dept. of Pediatrics, Jichi Medical University, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke-shi, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan.
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Takano C, Aoyagi H. Screening and isolation of acid-tolerant bacteria using a novel pH shift culture method. J Biosci Bioeng 2022; 134:521-527. [PMID: 36207257 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2022.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Acid-tolerant bacteria, which multiply under neutral pH and can survive under acidic pH conditions, have a potential role in various applications under acidic conditions. Despite higher biomass productivity, their isolation and utilisation are not sufficiently developed compared to those of acidophiles. It takes considerable effort to distinguish the acid-tolerant bacteria from the rest of the bacterial community using conventional screening methods. Thus, we developed a novel screening method for acid-tolerant bacteria, which involves shifting the pH between acidic and neutral conditions. With this method, the bacterium Enterobacter sp. AC06 was isolated. Based on comparisons with the results reported in previous studies, the strain can be classified as acid-tolerant bacteria. The decreases in the live cell concentrations were 3.87 and 6.16 log cycles after 3 h acid treatment under pH 3.0 and 2.5, respectively. These results suggest that it is possible to isolate acid-tolerant bacteria using the pH shift culture method. In summary, this is the first study on bacterial screening based on acid tolerance. Our novel method potentially contributes to the understanding and utilisation of acid-tolerant bacteria by enhancing screening efficiency. Furthermore, our novel concept shift culture is potentially valuable for screening previously uncultured bacteria tolerant to various selective stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chikara Takano
- Division of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan
| | - Hideki Aoyagi
- Division of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan; Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan.
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Gao J, Liu W. Advances in screening of thalassaemia. Clin Chim Acta 2022; 534:176-184. [PMID: 35932850 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2022.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Thalassaemia is a common hereditary haemolytic anaemia. Mild cases of this disease may be asymptomatic, while patients with severe thalassaemias require high-dose blood transfusions and regular iron removal to maintain life or haematopoietic stem cell transplantation to be cured, imposing an enormous familial and social burden. Therefore, early, timely, and accurate screening of patients is of great importance. In recent years, with the continuous development of thalassaemia screening technologies, the accuracy of thalassaemia screening has also improved significantly. This article reviews the current research on thalassaemia screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Gao
- Department of Pediatrics, Children Hematological Oncology and Birth Defects Laboratory, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China; Department of Pediatrics, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China
| | - Wenjun Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Children Hematological Oncology and Birth Defects Laboratory, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China; Department of Pediatrics, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China; Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Birth Defects, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China.
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Shlomo IB, Frankenthal H, Laor A, Greenhut AK. Detection of SARS-CoV-2 infection by exhaled breath spectral analysis: Introducing a ready-to-use point-of-care mass screening method. EClinicalMedicine 2022; 45:101308. [PMID: 35224472 PMCID: PMC8856887 DOI: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2022.101308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The current SARS-CoV-2 pandemic created an urgent need for rapid, infection screening applied to large numbers of asymptomatic individuals. To date, nasal/throat swab polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is considered the "gold standard". However, this is inconducive to mass, point-of-care (POC) testing due to person discomfort during sampling and a prolonged result turnaround. Breath testing for disease specific organic compounds potentially offers a practical, rapid, non-invasive, POC solution. The study compares the Breath of Health, Ltd. (BOH) breath analysis system to PCR's ability to screen asymptomatic individuals for SARS-CoV-2 infection. The BOH system is mobile and combines Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy with artificial intelligence (AI) to generate results within 2 min and 15 s. In contrast to prior SARS-CoV-2 breath analysis research, this study focuses on diagnosing SARS-CoV-2 via disease specific spectrometric profiles rather than through identifying the disease specific molecules. METHODS Asymptomatic emergency room patients with suspected SARS-CoV-2 exposure in two leading Israeli hospitals were selected between February through April 2021. All were tested via nasal/throat-swab PCR and BOH breath analysis. In total, 297 patients were sampled (mean age 57·08 ± SD 18·86, 156 males, 139 females, 2 unknowns). Of these, 96 were PCR-positive (44 males, 50 females, 2 unknowns), 201 were PCR-negative (112 males, 89 females). One hundred samples were used for AI identification of SARS-CoV-2 distinguishing spectroscopic wave-number patterns and diagnostic algorithm creation. Algorithm validation was tested in 100 proof-of-concept samples (34 PCR-positive, 66 PCR-negative) by comparing PCR with AI algorithm-based breath-test results determined by a blinded medical expert. One hundred additional samples (12 true PCR-positive, 85 true PCR-negative, 3 confounder false PCR-positive [not included in the 297 total samples]) were evaluated by two blinded medical experts for further algorithm validation and inter-expert correlation. FINDINGS The BOH system identified three distinguishing wave numbers for SARS-CoV-2 infection. In the first phase, the single expert identified the first 100 samples correctly, yielding a 1:1 FTIR/AI:PCR correlation. The two-expert second-phase also yielded 1:1 FTIR/AI:PCR correlation for 97 non-confounders and null correlation for the 3 confounders. Inter-expert correlation was 1:1 for all results. In total, the FTIR/AI algorithm demonstrated 100% sensitivity and specificity for SARS-CoV-2 detection when compared with PCR. INTERPRETATION The SARS-CoV-2 method of breath analysis via FTIR with AI-based algorithm demonstrated high PCR correlation in screening for asymptomatic individuals. This is the first practical, rapid, POC breath analysis solution with such high PCR correlation in asymptomatic individuals. Further validation is required with a larger sample size. FUNDING Breath of Health Ltd, Rehovot, Israel provided study funding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izhar Ben Shlomo
- Emergency Medicine Program, Zefat Academic College, Safed, Israel
| | - Hilel Frankenthal
- Emergency Medicine Program, Zefat Academic College, Safed, Israel
- Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Rebecca Sieff Hospital, Safed, Israel
| | - Arie Laor
- Breath of Health Ltd., Rehovot, Israel
| | - Ayala Kobo Greenhut
- Emergency Medicine Program, Zefat Academic College, Safed, Israel
- Corresponding author at: Emergency Medicine Program, Zefat Academic College, Ider 42, Haifa, Safed, Israel
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Marassi V, Mattarozzi M, Toma L, Giordani S, Ronda L, Roda B, Zattoni A, Reschiglian P, Careri M. FFF-based high-throughput sequence shortlisting to support the development of aptamer-based analytical strategies. Anal Bioanal Chem 2022; 414:5519-5527. [PMID: 35182166 PMCID: PMC9242963 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-022-03971-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2021] [Revised: 02/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Aptamers are biomimetic receptors that are increasingly exploited for the development of optical and electrochemical aptasensors. They are selected in vitro by the SELEX (Systematic Evolution of Ligands by Exponential Enrichment) procedure, but although they are promising recognition elements, for their reliable applicability for analytical purposes, one cannot ignore sample components that cause matrix effects. This particularly applies when different SELEX-selected aptamers and related truncated sequences are available for a certain target, and the choice of the aptamer should be driven by the specific downstream application. In this context, the present work aimed at investigating the potentialities of asymmetrical flow field-flow fractionation (AF4) with UV detection for the development of a screening method of a large number of anti-lysozyme aptamers towards lysozyme, including randomized sequences and an interfering agent (serum albumin). The possibility to work in native conditions and selectively monitor the evolution of untagged aptamer signal as a result of aptamer-protein binding makes the devised method effective as a strategy for shortlisting the most promising aptamers both in terms of affinity and in terms of selectivity, to support subsequent development of aptamer-based analytical devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Marassi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bologna, Via Selmi 2, Bologna, Italy. .,byFlow Srl, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Monica Mattarozzi
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 17/A, 43124, Parma, Italy.
| | - Lorenzo Toma
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 17/A, 43124, Parma, Italy
| | - Stefano Giordani
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bologna, Via Selmi 2, Bologna, Italy
| | - Luca Ronda
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze, 23/A, 43124, Parma, Italy.,Institute of Biophysics, CNR, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Barbara Roda
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bologna, Via Selmi 2, Bologna, Italy.,byFlow Srl, Bologna, Italy
| | - Andrea Zattoni
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bologna, Via Selmi 2, Bologna, Italy.,byFlow Srl, Bologna, Italy
| | - Pierluigi Reschiglian
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bologna, Via Selmi 2, Bologna, Italy.,byFlow Srl, Bologna, Italy
| | - Maria Careri
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 17/A, 43124, Parma, Italy
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Argante L, Abbing-Karahagopian V, Vadivelu K, Rappuoli R, Medini D. A re-assessment of 4CMenB vaccine effectiveness against serogroup B invasive meningococcal disease in England based on an incidence model. BMC Infect Dis 2021; 21:1244. [PMID: 34895161 PMCID: PMC8666080 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-021-06906-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The four-component serogroup B meningococcal 4CMenB vaccine (Bexsero, GSK) has been routinely given to all infants in the United Kingdom at 2, 4 and 12 months of age since September 2015. After 3 years, Public Health England (PHE) reported a 75% [95% confidence interval 64%; 81%] reduction in the incidence of serogroup B invasive meningococcal disease (IMD) in age groups eligible to be fully vaccinated. In contrast, vaccine effectiveness (VE) evaluated in the same immunization program applying the screening method was not statistically significant. We re-analyzed the data using an incidence model. METHODS Aggregate data-stratified by age, year and doses received-were provided by PHE: serogroup B IMD case counts for the entire population of England (years 2011-2018) and 4CMenB vaccine uptake in infants. We combined uptake with national population estimates to obtain counts of vaccinated and unvaccinated person-time by age and time. We re-estimated VE comparing incidence rates in vaccinated and non-vaccinated subjects using a Bayesian Poisson model for case counts with person-time data as an offset. The model was adjusted for age, time and number of doses received. RESULTS The incidence model showed that cases decreased until 2013-2014, followed by an increasing trend that continued in the non-vaccinated population during the immunization program. VE in fully vaccinated subjects (three doses) was 80.1% [95% Bayesian credible interval (BCI): 70.3%; 86.7%]. After a single dose, VE was 33.5% [12.4%; 49.7%]95%BCI and after two doses, 78.7% [71.5%; 84.5%]95%BCI. We estimated that vaccination averted 312 cases [252; 368]95%BCI between 2015 and 2018. VE was in line with the previously reported incidence reduction. CONCLUSIONS Our estimates of VE had higher precision than previous estimates based on the screening method, which were statistically not significant, and in line with the 75% incidence reduction previously reported by PHE. When disease incidence is low and vaccine uptake is high, the screening method applied to cases exclusively from the population eligible for vaccination may not be precise enough and may produce misleading point-estimates. Precise and accurate VE estimates are fundamental to inform public health decision making. VE assessment can be enhanced using models that leverage data on subjects not eligible for vaccination.
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Xiao X, Li H, Zhao L, Zhang Y, Liu Z. Oligonucleotide aptamers: Recent advances in their screening, molecular conformation and therapeutic applications. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 143:112232. [PMID: 34649356 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 09/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Aptamers are single stranded oligonucleotides with specific recognition and binding ability to target molecules, which can be obtained by Systematic Evolution of Ligands by Exponential Enrichment (SELEX). Aptamers have the advantages of low molecular weight, low immunogenicity, easy modification and high stability. They play promising role in promoting food safety, monitoring the environment and basic research, especially in clinical diagnosis and therapeutic drugs. To date, great achievements regarding the selection, modifications and application of aptamers have been made. However, since it is still a challenge to obtain aptamers with high affinity in a more effective way, few aptamer-based products have already successfully entered into clinical use. This review aims to provide a thorough overview of the latest advances in this rapidly developing field, focusing on aptamer screening methods for different targets, the structure of the interaction between aptamers and target substances, and the challenges and potential of current therapeutic aptamers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueran Xiao
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Quality Control of Hebei Province, Institute of Life Science and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Urology, Peking University International Hospital, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Lijian Zhao
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Quality Control of Hebei Province, Institute of Life Science and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Yanfen Zhang
- Technology Transfer Center, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China.
| | - Zhongcheng Liu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Quality Control of Hebei Province, Institute of Life Science and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China.
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Jendrny P, Twele F, Meller S, Osterhaus ADME, Schalke E, Volk HA. Canine olfactory detection and its relevance to medical detection. BMC Infect Dis 2021; 21:838. [PMID: 34412582 PMCID: PMC8375464 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-021-06523-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The extraordinary olfactory sense of canines combined with the possibility to learn by operant conditioning enables dogs for their use in medical detection in a wide range of applications. Research on the ability of medical detection dogs for the identification of individuals with infectious or non-infectious diseases has been promising, but compared to the well-established and-accepted use of sniffer dogs by the police, army and customs for substances such as money, explosives or drugs, the deployment of medical detection dogs is still in its infancy. There are several factors to be considered for standardisation prior to deployment of canine scent detection dogs. Individual odours in disease consist of different volatile organic molecules that differ in magnitude, volatility and concentration. Olfaction can be influenced by various parameters like genetics, environmental conditions, age, hydration, nutrition, microbiome, conditioning, training, management factors, diseases and pharmaceuticals. This review discusses current knowledge on the function and importance of canines' olfaction and evaluates its limitations and the potential role of the dog as a biomedical detector for infectious and non-infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Jendrny
- Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Bünteweg 9, 30559, Hannover, Germany
| | - Friederike Twele
- Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Bünteweg 9, 30559, Hannover, Germany
| | - Sebastian Meller
- Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Bünteweg 9, 30559, Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Esther Schalke
- Bundeswehr School of Dog Handling, Gräfin-Maltzan-Kaserne, Hochstraße, 56766, Ulmen, Germany
| | - Holger Andreas Volk
- Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Bünteweg 9, 30559, Hannover, Germany.
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Junker J, Kamp F, Winkler E, Steiner H, Bracher F, Müller C. Effective sample preparation procedure for the analysis of free neutral steroids, free steroid acids and sterol sulfates in different tissues by GC-MS. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2021; 211:105880. [PMID: 33757894 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2021.105880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Steroids play an important role in cell regulation and homeostasis. Many diseases like Alzheimer's disease or Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome are known to be associated with deviations in the steroid profile. Most published methods only allow the analysis of small subgroups of steroids and cannot give an overview of the total steroid profile. We developed and validated a method that allows the analysis of free neutral steroids, including intermediates of cholesterol biosynthesis, free oxysterols, C19 and C21 steroids, free steroid acids, including bile acids, and sterol sulfates using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Samples were analyzed in scan mode for screening purposes and in dynamic multiple reaction monitoring mode for highly sensitive quantitative analysis. The method was validated for mouse brain and liver tissue and consists of sample homogenization, lipid extraction, steroid group separation, deconjugation, derivatization and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis. We applied the method on brain and liver samples of mice (10 months and 3 weeks old) and cultured N2a cells and report the endogenous concentrations of 29 physiological steroids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Junker
- Department of Pharmacy - Center for Drug Research, Ludwig-Maximilians University-Munich, Butenandtstraße 5-13, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Frits Kamp
- Biomedical Center (BMC), Metabolic Biochemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians University-Munich, Feodor-Lynen-Straße 17, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Edith Winkler
- Biomedical Center (BMC), Metabolic Biochemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians University-Munich, Feodor-Lynen-Straße 17, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Harald Steiner
- Biomedical Center (BMC), Metabolic Biochemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians University-Munich, Feodor-Lynen-Straße 17, 81377, Munich, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Feodor-Lynen-Straße 17, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Franz Bracher
- Department of Pharmacy - Center for Drug Research, Ludwig-Maximilians University-Munich, Butenandtstraße 5-13, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Christoph Müller
- Department of Pharmacy - Center for Drug Research, Ludwig-Maximilians University-Munich, Butenandtstraße 5-13, 81377, Munich, Germany.
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Lieto A, Verginelli I, Zingaretti D, Lombardi F. Total organic carbon as a proxy for metal release from biostabilized wastes. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2021; 28:24650-24662. [PMID: 32705547 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-09960-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we introduce a simple screening method to predict the metal release from biostabilized wastes as a function of the total organic carbon (TOC) content of the sample. The method relies on a model that simulates the release of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) as a function of the applied liquid to solid (L/S) ratio. The metal release is then estimated using generic empirical DOC to metal correlation coefficients (KDOC,Me) extrapolated from the literature. Specifically, the results of leaching tests carried out on different types of biowastes and biostabilized wastes were used to calculate the upper and lower KDOC,Me values that can be expected for common metals of concern (Al, Ba, Cr, Cu, Mo, Ni, Pb, V, and Zn). The statistical analysis of the estimated empirical coefficients highlighted that for most of the investigated metals, the adoption of generic DOC to metal correlation coefficients introduces relatively low uncertainties. The quartiles ratio (QR calculated as the ratio of third and first quartile) of the KDOC,Me coefficients extrapolated from the literature was indeed below 3 for Cu, Ni, and Zn and below 5 for Al, Ba, Cr, Pb, and V. Only for Mo, the QR was around 10 indicating that for this element, DOC can be a poor indicator of the release expected as a function of the applied L/S. Furthermore, by performing a sensitivity analysis, we found that the experimental conditions only slightly influence the metals release predicted by the model. Based on this evidence, simple nomograms that estimate the cumulative metal release in percolation column tests as a function of the applied L/S are provided. Furthermore, a simple equation that predicts the cumulative metal release expected at L/S of 10 L/kg is presented. The application of the latter to the results of percolation column tests carried out on 8 mechanical biological treatment (MBT) waste samples highlighted that the predicted metals release was close to the measured values with deviations within a factor of 5 for all the investigated metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Lieto
- Department of Civil Engineering and Computer Science Engineering, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Via del Politecnico, 1, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Iason Verginelli
- Department of Civil Engineering and Computer Science Engineering, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Via del Politecnico, 1, 00133, Rome, Italy.
| | - Daniela Zingaretti
- Department of Civil Engineering and Computer Science Engineering, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Via del Politecnico, 1, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Lombardi
- Department of Civil Engineering and Computer Science Engineering, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Via del Politecnico, 1, 00133, Rome, Italy
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Wang C, Zhang L, Luo J, Qin J, Jiang J, Qin L, Zhao Z, Yang S, Yang M. Development of a sensitive indirect competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for high-throughput detection and risk assessment of aflatoxin B 1 in animal-derived medicines. Toxicon 2021; 197:99-105. [PMID: 33865888 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2021.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Animal-derived medicine is an important part of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). Studies have shown that many animal-derived medicinal products are susceptible to contaminate of aflatoxins, nevertheless, the rapid detection for animal-derived medicine is prone to be ignored. Here we developed a sensitive indirect competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (icELISA) for rapid screening of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) in ground beetle, cockroach, silkworm and earthworm. The sensitivity of the icELISA method was significantly enhanced. The IC50 for the four animal-derived medicinal samples ranged from 0.092 to 0.135 ng mL-1; the limit of detection (LOD) was 0.008-0.020 ng mL-1. To obtain high accuracy, the extraction solution and time were evaluated. By using this method, a total of 138 samples were investigated, and the detection rates of AFB1 in ground beetle and earthworm samples were 26.6% and 16.7%, respectively. The result was validated by liquid chromatography combined with tandem mass spectrometry, and an excellent correlation was observed between the two datasets, with a R2 value of 0.999. Our results indicate that the proposed method can be used for the rapid detection of AFB1 in animal-derived medicine. Furthermore, the quantitative risk assessment was conducted for ground beetle and earthworm based on the results, demonstrating that the intake of AFB1 in ground beetle had a slight threat to the risk of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changjian Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China; Laboratory of Cultivation and Breeding of Medicinal Plants, National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jiaoyang Luo
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jiaan Qin
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jiayi Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Lu Qin
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Zhigao Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China; Laboratory of Cultivation and Breeding of Medicinal Plants, National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Shihai Yang
- Laboratory of Cultivation and Breeding of Medicinal Plants, National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China.
| | - Meihua Yang
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China.
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Park KH, Kim M, Bae SE, Lee HJ, Kim KC, Choi BS, Kim YB. Study on suitable analysis method for HIV-1 non-catalytic integrase inhibitor. Virol J 2021; 18:17. [PMID: 33436020 PMCID: PMC7805210 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-020-01476-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Integrase (IN) is an essential protein for HIV replication that catalyzes insertion of the reverse-transcribed viral genome into the host chromosome during the early steps of viral infection. Highly active anti-retroviral therapy is a HIV/AIDS treatment method that combines three or more antiviral drugs often formulated from compounds that inhibit the activities of viral reverse transcriptase and protease enzymes. Early IN inhibitors (INIs) mainly serve as integrase strand transfer inhibitors (INSTI) that disrupt strand transfer by binding the catalytic core domain of IN. However, mutations of IN can confer resistance to INSTI. Therefore, non-catalytic integrase inhibitors (NCINI) have been developed as next-generation INIs.
Methods In this study, we evaluated and compared the activity of INSTI and NCINI according to the analysis method. Antiviral activity was compared using p24 ELISA with MT2 cell and TZM-bl luciferase system with TZM-bl cell. Each drug was serially diluted and treated to MT2 and TZM-b1 cells, infected with HIV-1 AD8 strain and incubated for 5 and 2 days, respectively. Additionally, to analyze properties of INSTI and NCINI, transfer inhibition assay and 3′-processing inhibition assay were performed. Results During screening of INIs using the p24 ELISA and TZM-bl luciferase systems, we found an inconsistent result with INSTI and NCINI drugs. Following infection of MT2 and TZM-bl cells with T-tropic HIV-1 strain, both INSTI and NCINI treatments induced significant p24 reduction in MT2 cells. However, NCINI showed no antiviral activity in the TZM-bl luciferase system, indicating that this widely used and convenient antiretroviral assay is not suitable for screening of NCINI compounds that target the second round of HIV-1 replication. Conclusion Accordingly, we recommend application of other assay procedures, such as p24 ELISA or reverse transcription activity, in lieu of the TZM-bl luciferase system for preliminary NCINI drug screening. Utilization of appropriate analytical methods based on underlying mechanisms is necessary for accurate assessment of drug efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ki Hoon Park
- Department of Bio-Industrial Technologies, College of Animal Bioscience and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Minjee Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, College of Animal Bioscience and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seoung Eun Bae
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, College of Animal Bioscience and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hee Jung Lee
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, College of Animal Bioscience and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyung-Chang Kim
- Division of AIDS, Center for Immunology and Pathology, Korea National Institute of Health, Osong, Chungcheongbuk, Korea
| | - Byeong Sun Choi
- Division of AIDS, Center for Immunology and Pathology, Korea National Institute of Health, Osong, Chungcheongbuk, Korea
| | - Young Bong Kim
- Department of Bio-Industrial Technologies, College of Animal Bioscience and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea. .,Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, College of Animal Bioscience and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea.
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Su WJ, Chuang PH, Chang LY, Lo HY, Chiang CS, Wang ET, Yang CH. Application of the screening and indirect cohort methods to evaluate the effectiveness of pneumococcal vaccination program in adults 75 years and older in Taiwan. BMC Infect Dis 2021; 21:45. [PMID: 33423657 PMCID: PMC7798272 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-020-05721-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The Taiwanese national 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPV23) program in adults ≥75 years of age and the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) program for children were implemented in 2008 and 2013, respectively. In this study we evaluated PPV23 vaccine effectiveness (PPV23VE) in the elderly, with regard to both direct protection from the vaccine itself and the indirect protection conferred by PCV13 immunization in children. Methods The incidence of invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) in Taiwan from July 2008 to June 2016 was collected from IPD surveillance data. A comparison of IPD incidence with a nationwide vaccination registry allowed an estimation of PPV23VE by the screening and indirect cohort methods. Results The incidence of IPD in adults ≥75 years of age ranged from 13.9 per 100,000 inhabitants during the period July 2008–June 2013 to 10.4 per 100,000 inhabitants between July 2013 and June 2016 (relative risk [RR]: 0.75; 95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 0.67–0.85). According to the screening method, PPV23VE against death within 30 days of IPD onset, all IPD, and PPV23-serotype IPD was 32.5% (95% CI: 17.5–44.7%), 33.9% (95% CI: 25.2–41.5%) and 43.4% (95% CI: 34.4–51.2%), respectively. PPV23VE with the indirect cohort method was 39.0% (95% CI: 15.5–55.9%) for all PPV23 serotypes and 71.5% (95% CI: 44.2–85.4%) for 11 serotypes included in PPV23 but not in PCV13. During the period July 2008–June 2012, PPV23VE against PPV23-serotype IPD was 55.1% (95% CI: 27.2–72.3%). Conclusions PPV23 is able to prevent IPD and 30-day fatality in adults 75 years of age and older due to a combination of direct effects from PPV23 and indirect effects from PCV13. It might confer higher protection against PPV23-serotype IPD before the introduction of PCV13 program in children. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12879-020-05721-0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Ju Su
- Division of Acute Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control, Ministry of Health and Welfare, 6, Linsen South Road, Taipei, 100, Taiwan, Republic of China.,Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Pei-Hung Chuang
- Center for Prevention and Treatment of Occupational Injury and Diseases, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China.,Division of Clinical Toxicology and Occupational Medicine, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Luan-Yin Chang
- Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Hsiu-Yun Lo
- Division of Acute Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control, Ministry of Health and Welfare, 6, Linsen South Road, Taipei, 100, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chuen-Sheue Chiang
- Division of Acute Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control, Ministry of Health and Welfare, 6, Linsen South Road, Taipei, 100, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Ez-Tzu Wang
- Division of Acute Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control, Ministry of Health and Welfare, 6, Linsen South Road, Taipei, 100, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chin-Hui Yang
- Division of Acute Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control, Ministry of Health and Welfare, 6, Linsen South Road, Taipei, 100, Taiwan, Republic of China.
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21
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Oliveira D, de Araújo A, Ribeiro W, Silva D, Duarte AC, de Sousa V, Pereira HG. Screening method of mildronate and over 300 doping agents by reversed-phase liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2020; 195:113870. [PMID: 33453569 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2020.113870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Considering the huge amount of substances associated with athletic performance improvement, current doping control analysis requires a comprehensive screening method, which leads to the detection of prohibited substances of different physico-chemical properties. This comprehensiveness associated with instrumental approaches based on high resolution mass spectrometry has allowed the development of extremely sensitive and selective detection methods. Furthermore, it is desirable the method to be simple, fast and straightforward. Mildronate is a highly polar quaternary amine, classified as metabolic modulator by the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA). The inclusion of mildronate in the screening strategy is a challenge considering its singular physicochemical properties, compared to numerous doping agents of low and medium polarity. For this purpose, a method combining solid-phase extraction (SPE) and dilute-and-shoot approach has been developed and validated, allowing the detection of mildronate and other 332 prohibited substances. In the sample preparation protocol, the enzymatic deconjugation step and SPE conditions were stressed to enable the recovery of mildronate without jeopardizing the detection of other doping agents. The C18/18% SPE cartridge without any type of ionic interaction, associated with the dilute-and-shoot approach proved to be effective for all monitored substances. The instrumental method employed was based on liquid chromatography using a reversed-phase column in a 12-minute gradient coupled to a high-resolution mass spectrometry in full scan with positive and negative switching and fragmentation in the positive mode, for the most critical detection compounds. The performance of the method was evaluated regarding selectivity, precision, recovery, carry-over, limit of detection and stability, following the recommendations of WADA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniely Oliveira
- Brazilian Doping Control Laboratory 'LBCD-LADETEC', Av. Horácio Macedo 1281 Cidade Universitária, 21941-598, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Amanda de Araújo
- Brazilian Doping Control Laboratory 'LBCD-LADETEC', Av. Horácio Macedo 1281 Cidade Universitária, 21941-598, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - William Ribeiro
- Brazilian Doping Control Laboratory 'LBCD-LADETEC', Av. Horácio Macedo 1281 Cidade Universitária, 21941-598, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Daniele Silva
- Brazilian Doping Control Laboratory 'LBCD-LADETEC', Av. Horácio Macedo 1281 Cidade Universitária, 21941-598, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina Duarte
- Brazilian Doping Control Laboratory 'LBCD-LADETEC', Av. Horácio Macedo 1281 Cidade Universitária, 21941-598, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Valeria de Sousa
- Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Department of Drugs and Pharmaceutics, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho 373 Cidade Universitária, 21941-170, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Henrique Gualberto Pereira
- Brazilian Doping Control Laboratory 'LBCD-LADETEC', Av. Horácio Macedo 1281 Cidade Universitária, 21941-598, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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22
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Li X, Chen M. Protein Transport Studied by a Model Asymmetric Membrane Army Arranged in a Dimple Chip. Methods Mol Biol 2021; 2186:213-25. [PMID: 32918740 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-0806-7_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
Abstract
Reconstituted model membrane systems are powerful platforms to tackle interesting problems existing in membrane biology. One of the barriers to efficient drug delivery, as therapeutics to disease, is the physical membrane barrier of the cell. Small molecule can typically diffuse through the membrane; however, biomolecules such as proteins or nucleic acids cannot passively diffuse the bilayer and thus much research has been geared to engineering protein and/or nucleic acids delivery methods. One delivery method uses cell penetrating peptides (CPPs). In this chapter, we introduce the model "membrane army" arranged in dimple chip to study the delivery of β-galactosidase by a CPP known as Pep-1. This method uses droplet interface bilayer technology (DIB). It accelerates the speed to screen through the working conditions in CPP-assisted protein translocations because each chip provides dimples that can accommodate 36 pairs of droplets or 18 model bilayers. We will use one of the successful translocation conditions of β-galactosidase delivery as the example to illustrate how the model "membrane army" is built and utilized.
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23
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Paalanne N, Wikstedt L, Pokka T, Salo J, Uhari M, Renko M, Tapiainen T. Diaper-embedded urine test device for the screening of urinary tract infections in children: a cohort study. BMC Pediatr 2020; 20:378. [PMID: 32781982 PMCID: PMC7419204 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-020-02277-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a need for an easy and sensitive method for screening of urinary tract infections in young children. We set out to test whether a novel diaper-embedded urine test device is feasible and reliable in screening for urinary tract infections. METHODS This prospective cohort study consisted of young children examined due to a suspected acute urinary tract infection at the Pediatric Emergency Department of the Oulu University Hospital, Finland. We analyzed the same urine samples using three different methods: 1) a diaper-embedded test device applied to the urine pad within the diaper, 2) a urine sample aspirated from the urine pad for the conventional point-of-care dipstick test, and 3) a urine sample aspirated from the urine pad and analyzed in the laboratory with an automated urine chemistry analyzer. The gold standard for confirming urinary tract infection was quantitative bacterial culture. RESULTS Urine samples were available from 565 children. Bacterial culture confirmed urinary tract infection in 143 children. Sensitivity of the positive leukocyte screening of the diaper-embedded urine test device was 93.1% (95% CI: 87.4-96.8) and that of the point-of-care urine dipstick analysis was 95.4% (90.3-98.3) in those with both tests results available (n = 528). The sensitivity of the positive leukocyte test of the diaper-embedded test device was 91.4% (85.4-95.5) and that of the automated analysis was 88.5% (82.0-93.3) in those with both tests available (n = 547). The time to the test result after urination was immediate for the diaper-embedded test, 1-5 min for point-of-care dipstick, and 30-60 min for laboratory-based automated urine chemistry analyzer. CONCLUSIONS In this prospective study, the diaper-embedded urine test device was an easy and sensitive screening method for UTIs in young children. The main clinical benefit of the diaper-embedded urine test device was that the screening test result was available immediately after urination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niko Paalanne
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland. .,PEDEGO Research Unit and Medical Research Centre, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.
| | - Lotta Wikstedt
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland.,PEDEGO Research Unit and Medical Research Centre, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Tytti Pokka
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland.,PEDEGO Research Unit and Medical Research Centre, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Jarmo Salo
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland.,PEDEGO Research Unit and Medical Research Centre, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Matti Uhari
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland.,PEDEGO Research Unit and Medical Research Centre, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Marjo Renko
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland.,PEDEGO Research Unit and Medical Research Centre, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Terhi Tapiainen
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland.,PEDEGO Research Unit and Medical Research Centre, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
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Höglund J, Elmahalawy ST, Halvarsson P, Gustafsson K. Detection of Haemonchus contortus on sheep farms increases using an enhanced sampling protocol combined with PCR based diagnostics. Vet Parasitol 2019; 276S:100018. [PMID: 32904718 PMCID: PMC7458376 DOI: 10.1016/j.vpoa.2019.100018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Revised: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
An enhanced sampling strategy for detection of gastrointestinal parasites of sheep based on faecal sampling covering approximately 10% of the animals in the flock was evaluated with focus on the major sheep pathogen Haemonchus contortus. We also compared traditional diagnostics based on faecal eggs counts (FEC) by microscopy with DNA detection on frozen faeces samples using a droplet digital (dd)PCR assay. The investigation was carried out in 2018 in 20 conventional and 19 organic sheep flocks in Sweden with between 70 and 250 production ewes. On 76 different sampling occasions a total of 810 individual faecal samples were collected. Samples were pooled in the laboratory into 270 triplets which were examined both by microscopy and a ddPCR assay. On most farms (95%) a minimum of three triplets were investigated, first from the ewes prior to turn-out and later from the lambs after they had been grazing for at least six weeks. Extra information about the Haemonchus status was provided on 48% of the 76 sampling occasions by including more triplets compared with the old sampling strategy applied in Sweden before 2015 based on two triplets per sampling occasion irrespective of flock size. At a farm level H. contortus was identified by microscopy in 22 (56%) of the 39 flocks and by ddPCR it was found in 28 (72%) flocks with the enhanced protocol. There was a substantial agreement between the two diagnostic tests (Cohens kappa = 0.70 ± 0.087). No significant differences in infection levels were observed between the two production systems (conventional and organic) irrespective of the diagnostic method used. However, samples from the ewes were more often Haemonchus positive than those from the lambs indicating that the level of parasite control was in general acceptable. Combined, our results show that Haemonchus infection is widespread throughout Sweden. In conclusion, we have validated a practical tool for sheep producers to assess Haemonchus infection with high precision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johan Höglund
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Veterinary Public Health, Section for Parasitology, Uppsala, Sweden
- Corresponding author.
| | - Safaa T. Elmahalawy
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Veterinary Public Health, Section for Parasitology, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Peter Halvarsson
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Veterinary Public Health, Section for Parasitology, Uppsala, Sweden
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25
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van Westrienen PE, Pisters MF, Veenhof C, de Wit NJ. Identification of patients with moderate medically unexplained physical symptoms in primary care with a five years follow-up. BMC Fam Pract 2019; 20:66. [PMID: 31113381 PMCID: PMC6530058 DOI: 10.1186/s12875-019-0950-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Background Patients with medically unexplained physical symptoms (MUPS) are common in primary care, with a spectrum from mild to moderate and chronic MUPS. The burden of chronic MUPS is high, and early identification of moderate MUPS patients is important to prevent chronicity. The PRESUME screening method to identify moderate MUPS patients in primary care was developed, but insight in prognostic accuracy is needed. Therefore, our objective is to determine the prognostic accuracy for identification of moderate MUPS patients using the screening method with 5 year follow-up. Methods The PRESUME screening method consists of three subsequent steps based on consultation frequency, exclusion of medical/psychiatric diagnosis and identification of MUPS. In a random 10% sample of patients from the Julius General Practitioners Network (n = 114.185), patients were identified with mild, moderate or chronic MUPS in 2008 (index year), using routine care data. In 5 years follow-up we calculated predictive values and odds ratio’s for sustained MUPS related symptoms. Results In 2008, 789 patients (6.9% of the patient population) were identified as having mild, moderate or chronic MUPS. On average 55.5% of the moderate MUPS patients in 2008, still had MUPS related symptoms or developed chronic MUPS in 5 year follow-up. Positive predictive values for maintaining MUPS related symptoms or worsening was 67% after 1 year, and 48.7% after 5 years for moderate MUPS patients. Conclusion The prognostic accuracy of the PRESUME screening method using electronic medical record data for identification of moderate MUPS patients is moderate. However, it might be a useful method to identify patients at increased risk of moderate MUPS, if combined with a validity check by the GP. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12875-019-0950-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Elisabeth van Westrienen
- Center for Physical Therapy Research and Innovation in Primary Care, Leidsche Rijn Julius Health Care Centers, Utrecht, The Netherlands. .,Physical Therapy Research, department of Rehabilitation, Physical Therapy Science and Sport, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands. .,Department of Health Innovation and Technology, Fontys University of Applied Sciences, Eindhoven, The Netherlands.
| | - Martijn Frits Pisters
- Center for Physical Therapy Research and Innovation in Primary Care, Leidsche Rijn Julius Health Care Centers, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Physical Therapy Research, department of Rehabilitation, Physical Therapy Science and Sport, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Department of Health Innovation and Technology, Fontys University of Applied Sciences, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Cindy Veenhof
- Center for Physical Therapy Research and Innovation in Primary Care, Leidsche Rijn Julius Health Care Centers, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Physical Therapy Research, department of Rehabilitation, Physical Therapy Science and Sport, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Expertise Center Innovation of Care, Research Group Innovation of Mobility Care, University of Applied Sciences Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Nicolaas Johannes de Wit
- Department of General Practice, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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26
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Jede C, Wagner C, Kubas H, Weber C, Weigandt M, Koziolek M, Weitschies W. Automated small-scale in vitro transfer model as screening tool for the prediction of in vivo-dissolution and precipitation of poorly solubles. Int J Pharm 2019; 556:150-158. [PMID: 30553006 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2018.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Revised: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Precipitation testing, especially for weakly basic APIs, represents a key parameter in drug substance characterization during early development stages, where the amount of API available is limited. Therefore, it was the aim of this study to develop an automated small-scale in vitro transfer model to characterize the supersaturation and precipitation behavior of two poorly water-soluble drugs. Following automation and scale-down of the standard transfer model, the developed small-scale model was used to assess the impact of gastrointestinal variability, i.e. gastric pH, gastric emptying, and gastrointestinal fluid volumes, on supersaturation and precipitation of two weakly basic model compounds, ketoconazole and a new chemical entity from the research laboratories of Merck KGaA, MSC-A. The experiments revealed that variations in gastrointestinal parameters affected the in vitro behavior of ketoconazole, but not of MSC-A. Elevated gastric pH, as it can result from co-medication with acid-reducing drugs, resulted in lower degrees of supersaturation for both substances. This result is in agreement with the observation that the oral bioavailability of ketoconazole is lowered when proton pump inhibitors are co-administered. The small-scale transfer model presented herein represents a valuable in vitro tool to assess the risk of drug precipitation, additionally covering a broad range of gastrointestinal parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Jede
- Institute of Pharmacy, Department of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Strasse 3, 17489 Greifswald, Germany; Pharmaceutical Technologies, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Development, Merck KGaA, Frankfurter Strasse 250, 64293 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Christian Wagner
- Pharmaceutical Technologies, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Development, Merck KGaA, Frankfurter Strasse 250, 64293 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Holger Kubas
- Pharmaceutical Technologies, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Development, Merck KGaA, Frankfurter Strasse 250, 64293 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Christian Weber
- Project and Dossier Leadership, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Development, Merck KGaA, Frankfurter Strasse 250, 64293 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Markus Weigandt
- Pharmaceutical Technologies, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Development, Merck KGaA, Frankfurter Strasse 250, 64293 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Mirko Koziolek
- Institute of Pharmacy, Department of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Strasse 3, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Werner Weitschies
- Institute of Pharmacy, Department of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Strasse 3, 17489 Greifswald, Germany.
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Rusak LA, de Castro Lisboa Pereira R, Freitag IG, Hofer CB, Hofer E, Asensi MD, Vallim DC. Rapid detection of Yersinia enterocolitica serotype O:3 using a duplex PCR assay. J Microbiol Methods 2018; 154:107-111. [PMID: 30366064 DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2018.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Revised: 10/21/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Yersinia enterocolitica, a member of the Enterobacteriaceae family, is a zoonotic agent that causes gastrointestinal diseases and some extraintestinal disorders in humans. Y. enterocolitica ssp. palearctica bioserotype 4/O:3 is the primary pathogenic bioserotype in Europe, where it has a high public health relevance. The isolation and identification of Y. enterocolitica from various sources on selective media have been seldom successful due to several reasons. In an attempt to overcome the problems associated with traditional culture-based methods, we developed a single duplex PCR assay for the detection of Y. enterocolitica ssp. palearctica bioserotype 4/O:3 using DNA extracted from a source. We combined the primer for tufA (elongation factor Tu) with the primer for rfbC (the biosynthesis of the O side chain) in one single reaction, which showed good results when we analyzed 88 Yersinia strains and when it was tested in the DNA from stool samples of two groups of pregnant women, one comprising HIV-positive women and the other comprising of HIV-negative women. Furthermore, the duplex PCR assay was found to be 16 times better in detecting Yersinia spp. in stool samples than the culture-based method. In addition, it was found to be a rapid screening method for the detection of Y. enterocolitica serotype O:3, and it could still detect other Y. enterocolitica serotypes and Yersinia species as well. We anticipate that the duplex PCR assay could be a useful tool for hospital and veterinary surveillance studies on Yersinia worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Alves Rusak
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Pesquisa em Infecção Hospitalar, Rio de Janeiro /RJ, Brazil; Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Zoonoses Bacterianas/Setor Listeria, Rio de Janeiro /RJ, Brazil.
| | | | - Isabelle Geoffroy Freitag
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Zoonoses Bacterianas/Setor Listeria, Rio de Janeiro /RJ, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Doenças Infecciosas e Parasitárias, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, /RJ, Brazil
| | - Cristina Barroso Hofer
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Doenças Infecciosas e Parasitárias, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, /RJ, Brazil
| | - Ernesto Hofer
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Zoonoses Bacterianas/Setor Listeria, Rio de Janeiro /RJ, Brazil
| | - Marise Dutra Asensi
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Pesquisa em Infecção Hospitalar, Rio de Janeiro /RJ, Brazil
| | - Deyse Christina Vallim
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Zoonoses Bacterianas/Setor Listeria, Rio de Janeiro /RJ, Brazil
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González-Gómez X, Cambeiro-Pérez N, Martínez-Carballo E, Simal-Gándara J. Screening of organic pollutants in pet hair samples and the significance of environmental factors. Sci Total Environ 2018; 625:311-319. [PMID: 29289779 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.12.270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2017] [Revised: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Organic pollutants (OPs) represent a wide range of chemicals that are potentially harmful for human and wildlife health. Many of these pollutants have been identified as endocrine disruptors that can alter hormonal balance producing adverse biological effects such as neurotoxicity, reproductive disorders, carcinogenicity and hepatotoxicity. For years, hair has been selected as a non-invasive source to assess levels of animal contamination. In the present study, a multiclass screening method for determining about 60 organic pollutants in pet hair was designed and validated for qualitative and quantitative purposes. Concentrations from different classes of organochlorine, and organophosphate pesticides (OCPs, and OPPs), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), polychlorinated biphenyls (NDL-PCBs and DL-PCBs), polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and organophosphate esters (OPEs) were identified in the selected pet hair samples from Ourense (NW, Spain). We detected most of these pollutants in the selected hair pets. The mean concentrations found ranged from 89 to 6556ng/g for OPEs, from 8.6 to 1031ng/g for PAHs, from 8.6 to 256ng/g for PBDEs, from 29 to 184ng/g for OPPs, from 0.29 to 139 for OCPs, from 0.30 to 59ng/g for NDL-PCBs and from 1.2 to 14ng/g for DL-PCBs. To our knowledge, this is the first study to document the presence of OPs in pets from North-West Spain and it could provide baseline information for future monitoring of OPs in the area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiana González-Gómez
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical and Food Chemistry, Food Science and Technology Faculty, University of Vigo - Ourense Campus, 32004 Ourense, Spain.
| | - Noelia Cambeiro-Pérez
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical and Food Chemistry, Food Science and Technology Faculty, University of Vigo - Ourense Campus, 32004 Ourense, Spain.
| | - Elena Martínez-Carballo
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical and Food Chemistry, Food Science and Technology Faculty, University of Vigo - Ourense Campus, 32004 Ourense, Spain.
| | - Jesús Simal-Gándara
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical and Food Chemistry, Food Science and Technology Faculty, University of Vigo - Ourense Campus, 32004 Ourense, Spain.
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García Ibarra V, Rodríguez Bernaldo de Quirós A, Paseiro Losada P, Sendón R. Identification of intentionally and non-intentionally added substances in plastic packaging materials and their migration into food products. Anal Bioanal Chem 2018; 410:3789-3803. [PMID: 29732500 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-018-1058-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Revised: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Plastic materials are widely used in food packaging applications; however, there is increased concern because of the possible release of undesirable components into foodstuffs. Migration of plastic constituents not only has the potential to affect product quality but also constitutes a risk to consumer health. In order to check the safety of food contact materials, analytical methodologies to identify potential migrants are required. In the first part of this work, a GC/MS screening method was developed for the identification of components from plastic packaging materials including intentionally and "non-intentionally added substances" (NIAS) as potential migrants. In the second part of this study, the presence of seven compounds (bis (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), diethyl phthalate (DEP), diisobutyl phthalate (DIBP), dibutyl phthalate (DBP), butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), acetyl tributyl citrate (ATBC), benzophenone (BP)) previously identified in packaging materials were investigated in food products (corn and potatoes snacks, cookies, and cakes). For this purpose, a suitable extraction method was developed and quantification was performed using GC-MS. The developed method was validated in terms of linearity, recovery, repeatability, and limits of detection and quantification. The spiked recoveries varied between 82.7 and 116.1%, and relative standard deviation (RSD) was in the range of 2.22-15.9%. The plasticizer ATBC was the most detected compound (94% samples), followed by DEP (65%), DEHP (47%), BP (44%), DBP (35%), DIBP (21%), and BHT (12%). Regarding phthalates, DEP and DEHP were the most frequently detected compounds in concentrations up to 1.44 μg g-1. In some samples, only DBP exceeded the European SML of 0.3 mg kg-1 established in Regulation 10/2011. Graphical abstract Chemical migration from plastic packaging into food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verónica García Ibarra
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Science, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Ana Rodríguez Bernaldo de Quirós
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Science, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
| | - Perfecto Paseiro Losada
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Science, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Raquel Sendón
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Science, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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Sciuto S, Prearo M, Desiato R, Bulfon C, Burioli EAV, Esposito G, Guglielmetti C, Dell'atti L, Ru G, Volpatti D, Acutis PL, Martucci F. Dioxin-like Compounds in Lake Fish Species: Evaluation by DR-CALUX Bioassay. J Food Prot 2018; 81:842-847. [PMID: 29652184 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-17-476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Fish consumption is the principal source of intake of organochlorinated compounds in humans. Compared with other types of foods of animal origin, fish contain the highest levels of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polychlorinated dibenzo- p-dioxins, and polychlorinated dibenzofurans, all of which are classified as highly toxic organochlorine compounds. Currently, lakes and fish farms in northern Italy are not regularly monitored for PCBs and dioxins in areas contaminated by industrial sources, partially because of the high costs of traditional analytical methods that limit the number of samples to be analyzed. The DR-CALUX cell bioassay is based on the uptake of the cellular aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) for dioxins and dioxin-like compounds. The aim of this study was to assess the levels of dioxins and dioxin-like PCB contamination in Lake Maggiore and Lake Como, two lakes in northwestern Italy, and in nearby areas. The levels were quantified using the cell bioassay DR-CALUX and reference controls in two wild fish species, perch ( Perca fluviatilis) and roach ( Rutilus rutilus), and in a farmed species, rainbow trout ( Oncorhynchus mykiss). Tissue samples collected from the farmed rainbow trout were also submitted to immunohistochemical analysis of CYP1A expression as a marker for environmental pollutant-induced liver damage. The levels of dioxins, furans, and dioxin-like PCBs were all below the maximum levels and action limits set by European Union Regulation, suggesting no risk for human health associated with the consumption of the fish species caught or farmed in these areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Sciuto
- 1 Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, via Bologna 148, 10154 Turin, Italy (ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6791-657X [F.M.]); and
| | - M Prearo
- 1 Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, via Bologna 148, 10154 Turin, Italy (ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6791-657X [F.M.]); and
| | - R Desiato
- 1 Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, via Bologna 148, 10154 Turin, Italy (ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6791-657X [F.M.]); and
| | - C Bulfon
- 2 Università degli Studi di Udine, Dipartimento di Scienze Agroalimentari, Ambientali e Animali, Sezione di Scienze Animali e Veterinarie, via Sondrio 2, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - E A V Burioli
- 1 Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, via Bologna 148, 10154 Turin, Italy (ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6791-657X [F.M.]); and
| | - G Esposito
- 1 Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, via Bologna 148, 10154 Turin, Italy (ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6791-657X [F.M.]); and
| | - C Guglielmetti
- 1 Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, via Bologna 148, 10154 Turin, Italy (ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6791-657X [F.M.]); and
| | - L Dell'atti
- 1 Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, via Bologna 148, 10154 Turin, Italy (ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6791-657X [F.M.]); and
| | - G Ru
- 1 Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, via Bologna 148, 10154 Turin, Italy (ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6791-657X [F.M.]); and
| | - D Volpatti
- 2 Università degli Studi di Udine, Dipartimento di Scienze Agroalimentari, Ambientali e Animali, Sezione di Scienze Animali e Veterinarie, via Sondrio 2, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - P L Acutis
- 1 Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, via Bologna 148, 10154 Turin, Italy (ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6791-657X [F.M.]); and
| | - F Martucci
- 1 Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, via Bologna 148, 10154 Turin, Italy (ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6791-657X [F.M.]); and
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Abstract
The present literature review was conducted to evaluate early diabetes screening in pregnancy. The review focuses on the various guidelines for early screening, the target populations for screening, and the assessment of various early screening targets and strategies. The advantages and disadvantages of each screening method are highlighted. The review emphasizes that there are no validated criteria for selecting high-risk pregnant women for early screening. The different early screening modalities, including fasting plasma glucose, random plasma glucose, postload glucose, and hemoglobin A1c, lack concordance and have not been validated for the early diagnosis of diabetes in pregnancy. Moreover, the benefit of early screening by earlier initiation of treatment has not been shown. Until a randomized controlled trial demonstrates benefit to screening and validates a particular screening method, it is not possible to provide evidence to support any single strategy for early diabetes screening in pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiri Shinar
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Howard Berger
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Galán Madruga D, Fernández Patier R, Sintes Puertas MA, Romero García MD, Cristóbal López A. Characterization and Local Emission Sources for Ammonia in an Urban Environment. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 2018; 100:593-599. [PMID: 29445848 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-018-2296-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2017] [Accepted: 02/07/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Ammonia levels were evaluated in the urban environment of Madrid City, Spain. A total of 110 samplers were distributed throughout the city. Vehicle traffic density, garbage containers and sewers were identified as local emission sources of ammonia. The average ammonia concentrations were 4.66 ± 2.14 µg/m3 (0.39-11.23 µg/m3 range) in the winter and 5.30 ± 1.81 µg/m3 (2.33-11.08 µg/m3 range) in the summer. Spatial and seasonal variations of ammonia levels were evaluated. Hotspots were located in the south and center of Madrid City in both winter and summer seasons, with lower ammonia concentrations located in the north (winter) and in the west and east (summer). The number of representative points that were needed to establish a reliable air quality monitoring network for ammonia was determined using a combined clustering and kriging approach. The results indicated that 40 samplers were sufficient to provide a reliable estimate for Madrid City.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Galán Madruga
- Department of Atmospheric Pollution, National Center for Environment Health, Health Institute Carlos III, Ctra. Majadahonda a Pozuelo km 2,2, 28220, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain.
| | - R Fernández Patier
- Department of Atmospheric Pollution, National Center for Environment Health, Health Institute Carlos III, Ctra. Majadahonda a Pozuelo km 2,2, 28220, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - M A Sintes Puertas
- Department of Atmospheric Pollution, National Center for Environment Health, Health Institute Carlos III, Ctra. Majadahonda a Pozuelo km 2,2, 28220, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - M D Romero García
- Department of Atmospheric Pollution, National Center for Environment Health, Health Institute Carlos III, Ctra. Majadahonda a Pozuelo km 2,2, 28220, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - A Cristóbal López
- General Directorate of Sustainability and Environmental Control, Municipality of Madrid, Spain
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Turnipseed SB, Storey JM, Wu IL, Gieseker CM, Hasbrouck NR, Crosby TC, Andersen WC, Lanier S, Casey CR, Burger R, Madson MR. Application and evaluation of a high-resolution mass spectrometry screening method for veterinary drug residues in incurred fish and imported aquaculture samples. Anal Bioanal Chem 2018; 410:5529-5544. [PMID: 29445835 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-018-0917-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Revised: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The ability to detect chemical contaminants, including veterinary drug residues in animal products such as fish, is an important example of food safety analysis. In this paper, a liquid chromatography high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS) screening method using a quadrupole-Orbitrap instrument was applied to the analysis of veterinary drug residues in incurred tissues from aquacultured channel catfish, rainbow trout, and Atlantic salmon and imported aquacultured products including European eel, yellow croaker, and tilapia. Compared to traditional MS methods, the use of HRMS with nontargeted data acquisition and exact mass measurement capability greatly increased the scope of compounds that could be monitored simultaneously. The fish samples were prepared for analysis using a simple efficient procedure that consisted of an acidic acetonitrile extraction followed by solid phase extraction cleanup. Two different HRMS acquisition programs were used to analyze the fish extracts. This method detected and identified veterinary drugs including quinolones, fluoroquinolones, avermectins, dyes, and aminopenicillins at residue levels in fish that had been dosed with those compounds. A metabolite of amoxicillin, amoxicillin diketone, was also found at high levels in catfish, trout, and salmon. The method was also used to characterize drug residues in imported fish. In addition to confirming findings of fluoroquinolone and sulfonamide residues that were found by traditional targeted MS methods, several new compounds including 2-amino mebendazole in eel and ofloxacin in croaker were detected and identified. Graphical Abstract Aquacultured samples are analyzed with a high-resolution mass spectrometry screening method to detect and identify unusual veterinary drug residues including ofloxacin in an imported fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherri B Turnipseed
- US Food and Drug Administration, Animal Drugs Research Center, Denver, CO, 80225, USA.
| | - Joseph M Storey
- US Food and Drug Administration, Animal Drugs Research Center, Denver, CO, 80225, USA
| | - I-Lin Wu
- US Food and Drug Administration, Animal Drugs Research Center, Denver, CO, 80225, USA
| | - Charles M Gieseker
- US Food and Drug Administration, Center for Veterinary Medicine, 8301 Muirkirk Rd., Laurel, MD, 20708, USA
| | - Nicholas R Hasbrouck
- US Food and Drug Administration, Center for Veterinary Medicine, 8301 Muirkirk Rd., Laurel, MD, 20708, USA
| | - Tina C Crosby
- US Food and Drug Administration, Center for Veterinary Medicine, 8301 Muirkirk Rd., Laurel, MD, 20708, USA
| | - Wendy C Andersen
- US Food and Drug Administration, Animal Drugs Research Center, Denver, CO, 80225, USA
| | - Shanae Lanier
- US Food and Drug Administration, Denver Laboratory, Denver, CO, 80225, USA
| | - Christine R Casey
- US Food and Drug Administration, Denver Laboratory, Denver, CO, 80225, USA
| | - Robert Burger
- US Food and Drug Administration, Denver Laboratory, Denver, CO, 80225, USA
| | - Mark R Madson
- US Food and Drug Administration, Animal Drugs Research Center, Denver, CO, 80225, USA
- US Food and Drug Administration, Denver Laboratory, Denver, CO, 80225, USA
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Bardet L, Le Page S, Leangapichart T, Rolain JM. LBJMR medium: a new polyvalent culture medium for isolating and selecting vancomycin and colistin-resistant bacteria. BMC Microbiol 2017; 17:220. [PMID: 29169321 PMCID: PMC5701432 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-017-1128-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2017] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Multi-drug resistant bacteria are a phenomenon which is on the increase around the world, particularly with the emergence of colistin-resistant Enterobacteriaceae and vancomycin-resistant enterococci strains. The recent discovery of a plasmid-mediated colistin resistance with the description of the transferable mcr-1 gene raised concerns about the need for an efficient detection method for these pathogens, to isolate infected patients as early as possible. The LBJMR medium was developed to screen for all polymyxin-resistant Gram-negative bacteria, including mcr-1 positive isolates, and vancomycin-resistant Gram-positive bacteria. Results The LBJMR medium was developed by adding colistin sulfate salt at a low concentration (4 μg/mL) and vancomycin (50 μg/mL), with glucose (7.5 g/L) as a fermentative substrate, to a Purple Agar Base (31 g/L). A total of 143 bacterial strains were used to evaluate this universal culture medium, and the sensitivity and specificity of detection were 100% for the growth of resistant strains. 68 stool samples were cultured on LBJMR, and both colistin-resistant Gram-negative and vancomycin-resistant Gram-positive strains were specifically detected. Conclusions The LBJMR medium is a multipurpose selective medium which makes it possible to identify bacteria of interest from clinical samples and to isolate contaminated patients in hospital settings. This is a simple medium that could be easily used for screening in clinical microbiology laboratories. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12866-017-1128-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Bardet
- URMITE, Aix Marseille Université UM63, CNRS 7278, IRD 198, INSERM 1095 IHU - Méditerranée Infection, 19-21 Boulevard Jean Moulin, 13385, Marseille Cedex 05, France
| | - Stéphanie Le Page
- URMITE, Aix Marseille Université UM63, CNRS 7278, IRD 198, INSERM 1095 IHU - Méditerranée Infection, 19-21 Boulevard Jean Moulin, 13385, Marseille Cedex 05, France
| | - Thongpan Leangapichart
- URMITE, Aix Marseille Université UM63, CNRS 7278, IRD 198, INSERM 1095 IHU - Méditerranée Infection, 19-21 Boulevard Jean Moulin, 13385, Marseille Cedex 05, France
| | - Jean-Marc Rolain
- URMITE, Aix Marseille Université UM63, CNRS 7278, IRD 198, INSERM 1095 IHU - Méditerranée Infection, 19-21 Boulevard Jean Moulin, 13385, Marseille Cedex 05, France.
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Fujii Y, Noguchi A, Miura S, Ishii H, Nakagomi T, Nakagomi O, Takahashi T. Effectiveness of rotavirus vaccines against hospitalisations in Japan. BMC Pediatr 2017; 17:156. [PMID: 28693503 PMCID: PMC5504614 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-017-0916-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In Japan, rotavirus hospitalisation occurs at a rate from 2.8 to 13.7 per 1000 child-years among children age less than 5 years, and it imposes a substantial burden to the healthcare system in the country. While both monovalent (RV1) and pentavalent (RV5) rotavirus vaccines are licensed in Japan, neither has been incorporated in the national infant immunization programme. In this study, we estimated vaccine effectiveness (VE) in Japan. METHODS This study was conducted in Yuri-Kumiai General Hospital located in a city in the north-western part of Japan. Age-eligible children for rotavirus vaccination were enrolled if they were hospitalized for rotavirus gastroenteritis between September 2013 and August 2016. Rotavirus gastroenteritis was defined by the detection of rotavirus antigen by immunochromatography. "Vaccinated" was defined as infant inoculated with at least one dose of either RV1 or RV5. A conditional logistic regression analysis was performed by modelling the year of birth, year of admission, residence of the children and vaccination status, and by matching the age of cases with that of test-negative controls. The adjusted odds ratio of the vaccinated over unvaccinated was then used to calculate VE in the formula of (1 - adjusted odds ratio) × 100. RESULTS Out of the 244 patients enrolled, rotavirus antigen was detected in 55 (22.5%) of whom 10 (18.2%) were vaccinated, whereas 94 (49.7%) of 189 test-negative controls were vaccinated. During the study period, the vaccine uptake rate in the controls increased from 36.2% to 61.8%. On the other hand, the vaccination coverage over the three years was 64.2% in Yuri-Honjo city (three quarters of the catchment), and 91.4% in Nikaho city (one quarter of the catchment). The VE was calculated to be 70.4% (95% confidence interval: 36.0-86.4%, P = 0.002). The point estimate of the VE was lower but its 95% confidence interval overlaps those of the efficacies obtained from clinical trials in Japan. CONCLUSION The rotavirus vaccine was effective in the real-world setting in Japan as in the clinical trials, and the introduction of rotavirus vaccine in the national infant immunization schedule will substantially reduce the number of rotavirus gastroenteritis hospitalisation in Japan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiyuki Fujii
- Department of Pediatrics, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Hondo 1-1-1, Akita, 010-8543, Japan
| | - Atsuko Noguchi
- Department of Pediatrics, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Hondo 1-1-1, Akita, 010-8543, Japan.
| | - Shinobu Miura
- Department of Pediatrics, Yuri-Kumiai General Hospital, 38 Kawaguti Aza Yago,Yurihonjo, Akita, 015-8511, Japan
| | - Haruka Ishii
- Department of Pediatrics, Yuri-Kumiai General Hospital, 38 Kawaguti Aza Yago,Yurihonjo, Akita, 015-8511, Japan
| | - Toyoko Nakagomi
- Center for Bioinformatics and Molecular Medicine, Nagasaki University, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852-8523, Japan.,Department of Molecular Epidemiology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852-8523, Japan
| | - Osamu Nakagomi
- Center for Bioinformatics and Molecular Medicine, Nagasaki University, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852-8523, Japan.,Department of Molecular Epidemiology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852-8523, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Takahashi
- Department of Pediatrics, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Hondo 1-1-1, Akita, 010-8543, Japan
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Pontiroli AE, Loreggian L, Rovati MPL, De Patto E, Folini L, Raveglia F, De Simone M, Baisi A, Cioffi U. Length of hospitalization is associated with selected biomarkers (albumin and lymphocytes) and with co-morbidities: study on 4000 patients. Biomark Res 2017; 5:13. [PMID: 28344803 PMCID: PMC5359975 DOI: 10.1186/s40364-017-0091-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2016] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Low albumin levels and low lymphocyte counts are intra hospital conditions that exert a negative influence on prognosis, healing and length of hospitalization. The study aimed to analyze the correlation between low blood levels of albumin, low lymphocytes, and length of stay. The secondary aim was to identify other co-morbidities associated with prolonged hospital stay. Methods Retrospective pilot study was conducted by analyzing anamnestic and biochemical data, related to 4038 patients admitted to ten wards of Hospital San Paolo (Milan), collected from July 1st 2012 to December 31st 2012. A statistical analysis was carried out using the Correlation method, Multivariate Analysis and Regression. Lymphocyte count and co-morbidities were evaluated in the whole cohort, albumin levels in 1437 patients. Results In the whole sample, low albumin levels and low lymphocyte counts were directly correlated to longer hospitalizations. The stratification of the results by department and diagnosis suggests that there is a higher correlation in certain subpopulations, and albumin shows a greater correlation with length of stay than lymphocytes. Also advanced age, high platelets, type of diagnosis, male gender and emergency admission led to longer hospitalizations. Conclusions A routine check of albumin, lymphocytes and a spectrum of significant variables can provide precious information which can eventually lead to a shorter hospital stay. Knowledge of the general health status of a patient and the possibility to estimate his/her length of hospital stay are essential information for Clinical Governance, and for the improvement of internal services of hospitals on a large scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio E Pontiroli
- 2nd Division of Medicine, Ospedale San Paolo and University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Lara Loreggian
- 2nd Division of Surgery, Ospedale San Paolo and University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Marco P L Rovati
- 2nd Division of Surgery, Ospedale San Paolo and University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Elena De Patto
- 2nd Division of Surgery, Ospedale San Paolo and University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Folini
- 2nd Division of Medicine, Ospedale San Paolo and University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Federico Raveglia
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Ospedale San Paolo and University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Alessandro Baisi
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Ospedale San Paolo and University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Ugo Cioffi
- Department of Surgery, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
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Bennaoum MN, Lazreg H, Adda A, Hammadi M. A new proposition for the screening of platelet function defects using an hematology analyzer. Med Hypotheses 2017; 101:28-9. [PMID: 28351485 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2017.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 02/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In this paper we suggest a new method for the screening of congenital thrombopathies using an hematology analyzer. This method is an improvement of the platelet count ratio principle which uses an impedance counter to search a decrease of the free platelet count after adding platelet agonist to whole blood. We suggest using novel platelet parameters provided by an optical hematology analyzer such as ADVIA 2120i (Siemens Healthcare Diagnostics) to search morphological and structural changes of platelet that are supposed reflecting platelet activation in normal platelets after addition of an agonist.
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Motwalli O, Essack M, Jankovic BR, Ji B, Liu X, Ansari HR, Hoehndorf R, Gao X, Arold ST, Mineta K, Archer JAC, Gojobori T, Mijakovic I, Bajic VB. In silico screening for candidate chassis strains of free fatty acid-producing cyanobacteria. BMC Genomics 2017; 18:33. [PMID: 28056772 PMCID: PMC5217662 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-016-3389-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Finding a source from which high-energy-density biofuels can be derived at an industrial scale has become an urgent challenge for renewable energy production. Some microorganisms can produce free fatty acids (FFA) as precursors towards such high-energy-density biofuels. In particular, photosynthetic cyanobacteria are capable of directly converting carbon dioxide into FFA. However, current engineered strains need several rounds of engineering to reach the level of production of FFA to be commercially viable; thus new chassis strains that require less engineering are needed. Although more than 120 cyanobacterial genomes are sequenced, the natural potential of these strains for FFA production and excretion has not been systematically estimated. RESULTS Here we present the FFA SC (FFASC), an in silico screening method that evaluates the potential for FFA production and excretion of cyanobacterial strains based on their proteomes. A literature search allowed for the compilation of 64 proteins, most of which influence FFA production and a few of which affect FFA excretion. The proteins are classified into 49 orthologous groups (OGs) that helped create rules used in the scoring/ranking of algorithms developed to estimate the potential for FFA production and excretion of an organism. Among 125 cyanobacterial strains, FFASC identified 20 candidate chassis strains that rank in their FFA producing and excreting potential above the specifically engineered reference strain, Synechococcus sp. PCC 7002. We further show that the top ranked cyanobacterial strains are unicellular and primarily include Prochlorococcus (order Prochlorales) and marine Synechococcus (order Chroococcales) that cluster phylogenetically. Moreover, two principal categories of enzymes were shown to influence FFA production the most: those ensuring precursor availability for the biosynthesis of lipids, and those involved in handling the oxidative stress associated to FFA synthesis. CONCLUSION To our knowledge FFASC is the first in silico method to screen cyanobacteria proteomes for their potential to produce and excrete FFA, as well as the first attempt to parameterize the criteria derived from genetic characteristics that are favorable/non-favorable for this purpose. Thus, FFASC helps focus experimental evaluation only on the most promising cyanobacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olaa Motwalli
- Computational Bioscience Research Center (CBRC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900 Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Magbubah Essack
- Computational Bioscience Research Center (CBRC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900 Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Boris R. Jankovic
- Computational Bioscience Research Center (CBRC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900 Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Boyang Ji
- Division of Systems & Synthetic Biology, Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Kemivägen 10, 41296 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Xinyao Liu
- SABIC Corporate Research and Development (CRD), Thuwal, 23955-6900 Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Hifzur Rahman Ansari
- Pathogen Genomics Laboratory, Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering (BESE) Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900 Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Robert Hoehndorf
- Computational Bioscience Research Center (CBRC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900 Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Xin Gao
- Computational Bioscience Research Center (CBRC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900 Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Stefan T. Arold
- Computational Bioscience Research Center (CBRC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900 Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Katsuhiko Mineta
- Computational Bioscience Research Center (CBRC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900 Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - John A. C. Archer
- Computational Bioscience Research Center (CBRC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900 Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Takashi Gojobori
- Computational Bioscience Research Center (CBRC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900 Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Ivan Mijakovic
- Division of Systems & Synthetic Biology, Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Kemivägen 10, 41296 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Vladimir B. Bajic
- Computational Bioscience Research Center (CBRC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900 Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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Komeda M, Arai M, Tamai K, Kawasaki K. Design and burn-up analyses of new type holder for silicon neutron transmutation doping. Appl Radiat Isot 2016; 113:60-5. [PMID: 27131643 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2016.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2015] [Revised: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 04/19/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
We have developed a new silicon irradiation holder with a neutron filter to increase the irradiation efficiency. The neutron filter is made of an alloy of aluminum and B4C particles. We fabricated a new holder based on the results of design analyses. This filter has limited use in applications requiring prolonged use due to a decrease in the amount of (10)B in B4C particles. We investigated the influence of (10)B reduction on doping distribution in a silicon ingot by using the Monte Carlo Code MVP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masao Komeda
- Nuclear Science and Engineering Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency Shirakata, Tokai-mura, Ibaraki 319-1195, Japan.
| | - Masaji Arai
- Department of Research Reactor and Tandem Accelerator, Japan Atomic Energy Agency Shirakata, Tokai-mura, Ibaraki 319-1195, Japan.
| | - Kazuo Tamai
- Department of Neutron Application Technology, Radiation Application Development Association Shirakata, Tokai-mura, Ibaraki 319-1195, Japan.
| | - Kozo Kawasaki
- Department of Neutron Application Technology, Radiation Application Development Association Shirakata, Tokai-mura, Ibaraki 319-1195, Japan.
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Vanhee C, Janvier S, Moens G, Deconinck E, Courselle P. A simple dilute and shoot methodology for the identification and quantification of illegal insulin. J Pharm Anal 2016; 6:326-334. [PMID: 29404000 PMCID: PMC5762622 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2016.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2016] [Revised: 04/13/2016] [Accepted: 04/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The occurrence of illegal medicines is a well-established global problem and concerns mostly small molecules. However, due to the advances in genomics and recombinant expression technologies there is an increased development of polypeptide therapeutics. Insulin is one of the best known polypeptide drug, and illegal versions of this medicine led to lethal incidents in the past. Therefore, it is crucial for the public health sector to develop reliable, efficient, cheap, unbiased and easily applicable active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) identification and quantification strategies for routine analysis of suspected illegal insulins. Here we demonstrate that our combined label-free full scan approach is not only able to distinguish between all those different versions of insulin and the insulins originating from different species, but also able to chromatographically separate human insulin and insulin lispro in conditions that are compatible with mass spectrometry (MS). Additionally, we were also able to selectively quantify the different insulins, including human insulin and insulin lispro according to the validation criteria, put forward by the United Nations (UN), for the analysis of seized illicit drugs. The proposed identification and quantification method is currently being used in our official medicines control laboratory to analyze insulins retrieved from the illegal market.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celine Vanhee
- Division of Food, Medicines and Consumer Safety, Section Medicinal Products, Scientific Institute of Public Health (WIV-ISP), J. Wytsmanstraat 14, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Steven Janvier
- Division of Food, Medicines and Consumer Safety, Section Medicinal Products, Scientific Institute of Public Health (WIV-ISP), J. Wytsmanstraat 14, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Goedele Moens
- Division of Food, Medicines and Consumer Safety, Section Medicinal Products, Scientific Institute of Public Health (WIV-ISP), J. Wytsmanstraat 14, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Eric Deconinck
- Division of Food, Medicines and Consumer Safety, Section Medicinal Products, Scientific Institute of Public Health (WIV-ISP), J. Wytsmanstraat 14, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Patricia Courselle
- Division of Food, Medicines and Consumer Safety, Section Medicinal Products, Scientific Institute of Public Health (WIV-ISP), J. Wytsmanstraat 14, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
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Kim WJ, Ku NS, Lee YJ, Ahn JY, Kim SB, Ahn HW, Hong KW, Song JY, Cheong HJ, Kim WJ, Kim JM, Namkoong K, Choi JY, Kim E. Utility of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) and its subset in HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder (HAND) screening. J Psychosom Res 2016; 80:53-7. [PMID: 26721548 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2015.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2015] [Revised: 11/12/2015] [Accepted: 11/21/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) is a useful screening tool for mild cognitive impairment. We aimed to know whether the full MoCA and subsets of the full test are effective for detecting HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder (HAND). METHODS We examined the socio-demographic, clinical, functional, and neuropsychological levels of 194 HIV-infected patients. We compared total scores and scores from each cognitive domain of MoCA between patients with and without HAND. We also examined the utility of subsets of the full test using a few selective domains. The diagnostic accuracies of MoCA and subset composition were evaluated. RESULTS The total scores of MoCA (P<0.001) and scores from Trail Making Test-B (P=0.020), attention domain (P=0.005), and immediate (P=0.003) and delayed recall (P=0.002) differed between patients with and without HAND. A subset composed of Trail Making Test-B, rescored serial subtraction, and immediate/delayed recall showed a 69.2% accuracy. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that the MoCA and its subsets alone are not sufficient in screening for HAND. Further studies will be needed to develop a simpler and easier screening tool for HAND based on this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woo Jung Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Seonam University College of Medicine, Myongji Hospital, Goyang, South Korea; Institute of Behavioral Science in Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
| | - Nam Su Ku
- Department of Internal Medicine and AIDS Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
| | - Young-Joon Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
| | - Jin Young Ahn
- Department of Internal Medicine and AIDS Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
| | - Sun Bean Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine and AIDS Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
| | - Hye-Won Ahn
- Department of Internal Medicine and AIDS Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
| | - Kyung-Wook Hong
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, South Korea.
| | - Joon Young Song
- Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
| | - Hee Jin Cheong
- Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
| | - Woo Joo Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
| | - June Myung Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine and AIDS Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
| | - Kee Namkoong
- Institute of Behavioral Science in Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Psychiatry, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
| | - Jun Yong Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine and AIDS Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
| | - Eosu Kim
- Institute of Behavioral Science in Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Psychiatry, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
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Fraga M, Vilariño N, Louzao MC, Fernández DA, Poli M, Botana LM. Detection of palytoxin-like compounds by a flow cytometry-based immunoassay supported by functional and analytical methods. Anal Chim Acta 2015; 903:1-12. [PMID: 26709295 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2015.09.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2015] [Revised: 09/15/2015] [Accepted: 09/20/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Palytoxin (PLTX) is a complex marine toxin produced by zoanthids (i.e. Palythoa), dinoflagellates (Ostreopsis) and cyanobacteria (Trichodesmium). PLTX outbreaks are usually associated with Indo-Pacific waters, however their recent repeated occurrence in Mediterranean-European Atlantic coasts demonstrate their current worldwide distribution. Human sickness and fatalities have been associated with toxic algal blooms and ingestion of seafood contaminated with PLTX-like molecules. These toxins represent a serious threat to human health. There is an immediate need to develop easy-to-use, rapid detection methods due to the lack of validated protocols for their detection and quantification. We have developed an immuno-detection method for PLTX-like molecules based on the use of microspheres coupled to flow-cytometry detection (Luminex 200™). The assay consisted of the competition between free PLTX-like compounds in solution and PLTX immobilized on the surface of microspheres for binding to a specific monoclonal anti-PLTX antibody. This method displays an IC50 of 1.83 ± 0.21 nM and a dynamic range of 0.47-6.54 nM for PLTX. An easy-to-perform extraction protocol, based on a mixture of methanol and acetate buffer, was applied to spiked mussel samples providing a recovery rate of 104 ± 8% and a range of detection from 374 ± 81 to 4430 ± 150 μg kg(-1) when assayed with this method. Extracts of Ostreopsis cf. siamensis and Palythoa tuberculosa were tested and yielded positive results for PLTX-like molecules. However, the data obtained for the coral sample suggested that this antibody did not detect 42-OH-PLTX efficiently. The same samples were further analyzed using a neuroblastoma cytotoxicity assay and UPLC-IT-TOF spectrometry, which also pointed to the presence of PLTX-like compounds. Therefore, this single detection method for PLTX provides a semi-quantitative tool useful for the screening of PLTX-like molecules in different matrixes.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Fraga
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 27002, Lugo, Spain
| | - Natalia Vilariño
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 27002, Lugo, Spain.
| | - M Carmen Louzao
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 27002, Lugo, Spain
| | - Diego A Fernández
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 27002, Lugo, Spain
| | - Mark Poli
- Diagnostic Systems Division, U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, MD, USA
| | - Luis M Botana
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 27002, Lugo, Spain.
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Neuberger S, Neusüß C. Determination of counterfeit medicines by Raman spectroscopy: Systematic study based on a large set of model tablets. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2015; 112:70-8. [PMID: 25956227 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2015.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2014] [Revised: 03/30/2015] [Accepted: 04/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In the last decade, counterfeit pharmaceutical products have become a widespread issue for public health. Raman spectroscopy which is easy, non-destructive and information-rich is particularly suitable as screening method for fast characterization of chemicals and pharmaceuticals. Combined with chemometric techniques, it provides a powerful tool for the analysis and determination of counterfeit medicines. Here, for the first time, a systematic study of the benefits and limitations of Raman spectroscopy for the analysis of pharmaceutical samples on a large set of model tablets, varying with respect to chemical and physical properties, was performed. To discriminate between the different mixtures, a combination of dispersive Raman spectroscopy performing in backscattering mode and principal component analysis was used. The discrimination between samples with different coatings, a varying amount of active pharmaceutical ingredients and a diversity of excipients were possible. However, it was not possible to distinguish between variations of the press power, mixing quality and granulation. As a showcase, the change in Raman signals of commercial acetylsalicylic acid effervescent tablets due to five different storage conditions was monitored. It was possible to detect early small chemical changes caused by inappropriate storage conditions. These results demonstrate that Raman spectroscopy combined with multivariate data analysis provides a powerful methodology for the fast and easy characterization of genuine and counterfeit medicines.
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Szöllősi A, Rezessy-Szabó JM, Hoschke Á, Nguyen QD. Novel method for screening microbes for application in microbial fuel cell. Bioresour Technol 2015; 179:123-127. [PMID: 25536509 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2014.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2014] [Revised: 12/02/2014] [Accepted: 12/03/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The ability to produce and to transport exo-electrons by microbes either to external acceptors or to electrodes are reported in our study. All investigated microorganisms (exception of Lactobacillus plantarum) exhibited strong iron-reducing capabilities in the absence of mediator meaning production and secretion of exo-electrons to the growth medium. L.plantarum, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Escherichia coli need an electron shuttle molecule to reduce Fe(3+) ion. Significant correlation was observed between growth and iron-reducing capacity, as well as between initial cell counts and iron-reducing capacity. Changes of bio-current generated in MFC and iron-reduction were experimentally monitored, and a mathematical model was established by regression analysis. Based on these results, a novel and rapid screening method was developed for the selection of microorganisms for potential application in MFC. The method is based on the measurement of absorbance of bacterial and yeast cultures at 460 nm, providing a robust and high sample throughput approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Attila Szöllősi
- Department of Brewing and Distilling, Corvinus University of Budapest, Ménesi út 45., 1118 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Judit M Rezessy-Szabó
- Department of Brewing and Distilling, Corvinus University of Budapest, Ménesi út 45., 1118 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ágoston Hoschke
- Department of Brewing and Distilling, Corvinus University of Budapest, Ménesi út 45., 1118 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Quang D Nguyen
- Department of Brewing and Distilling, Corvinus University of Budapest, Ménesi út 45., 1118 Budapest, Hungary.
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de Moraes MC, Santos JB, Dos Anjos DM, Rangel LP, Vieira TCRG, Moaddel R, da Silva JL. Prion protein-coated magnetic beads: synthesis, characterization and development of a new ligands screening method. J Chromatogr A 2014; 1379:1-8. [PMID: 25576041 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2014.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2014] [Revised: 12/01/2014] [Accepted: 12/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Prion diseases are characterized by protein aggregation and neurodegeneration. Conversion of the native prion protein (PrP(C)) into the abnormal scrapie PrP isoform (PrP(Sc)), which undergoes aggregation and can eventually form amyloid fibrils, is a critical step leading to the characteristic path morphological hallmark of these diseases. However, the mechanism of conversion remains unclear. It is known that ligands can act as cofactors or inhibitors in the conversion mechanism of PrP(C) into PrP(Sc). Within this context, herein, we describe the immobilization of PrP(C) onto the surface of magnetic beads and the morphological characterization of PrP(C)-coated beads by fluorescence confocal microscopy. PrP(C)-coated magnetic beads were used to identify ligands from a mixture of compounds, which were monitored by UHPLC-ESI-MS/MS. This affinity-based method allowed the isolation of the anti-prion compound quinacrine, an inhibitor of PrP aggregation. The results indicate that this approach can be applied to not only "fish" for anti-prion compounds from complex matrixes, but also to screening for and identify possible cellular cofactors involved in the deflagration of prion diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcela Cristina de Moraes
- Universidade Federal Fluminense, Instituto de Química, Departamento de Química Orgânica, 24210-141 Niterói, RJ, Brazil; Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Bioquímica Médica, 21941-902 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Juliana Bosco Santos
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Bioquímica Médica, 21941-902 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Daniel Meira Dos Anjos
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Bioquímica Médica, 21941-902 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Luciana Pereira Rangel
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia de Biologia Estrutural e Bioimagem, 21941-902 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Faculdade de Farmácia, 21941-902 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Tuane Cristine Ramos Gonçalves Vieira
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Bioquímica Médica, 21941-902 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia de Biologia Estrutural e Bioimagem, 21941-902 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Ruin Moaddel
- Biomedical Research Center, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, 251 Bayview Boulevard, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Jerson Lima da Silva
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Bioquímica Médica, 21941-902 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia de Biologia Estrutural e Bioimagem, 21941-902 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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Lin L, Jin Q, Liu Y, Ning B, Liao M, Luo L. Screening of a new cadmium hyperaccumulator, Galinsoga parviflora, from winter farmland weeds using the artificially high soil cadmium concentration method. Environ Toxicol Chem 2014; 33:2422-2428. [PMID: 25053512 DOI: 10.1002/etc.2694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2014] [Revised: 07/06/2014] [Accepted: 07/16/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
A new method, the artificially high soil cadmium (Cd) concentration method, was used to screen for Cd hyperaccumulators among winter farmland weeds. Galinsoga parviflora was the most promising remedial plant among 5 Cd accumulators or hyperaccumulators. In Cd concentration gradient experiments, as soil Cd concentration increased, root and shoot biomass decreased, and their Cd contents increased. In additional concentration gradient experiments, superoxide dismutase and peroxidase activities increased with soil Cd concentrations up to 75 mg kg(-1) , while expression of their isoenzymes strengthened. Catalase (CAT) activity declined and CAT isoenzyme expression weakened at soil Cd concentrations less than 50 mg kg(-1) . The maxima of Cd contents in shoots and roots were 137.63 mg kg(-1) and 105.70 mg kg(-1) , respectively, at 100 mg kg(-1) Cd in soil. The root and shoot bioconcentration factors exceeded 1.0, as did the translocation factor. In a field experiment, total extraction of Cd by shoots was 1.35 mg m(-2) to 1.43 mg m(-2) at soil Cd levels of 2.04 mg kg(-1) to 2.89 mg kg(-1) . Therefore, the artificially high soil Cd concentration method was effective for screening Cd hyperaccumulators. Galinsoga parviflora is a Cd hyperaccumulator that could be used to efficiently remediate Cd-contaminated farmland soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijin Lin
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan, China
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Fraga M, Vilariño N, Louzao MC, Rodríguez LP, Alfonso A, Campbell K, Elliott CT, Taylor P, Ramos V, Vasconcelos V, Botana LM. Multi-detection method for five common microalgal toxins based on the use of microspheres coupled to a flow-cytometry system. Anal Chim Acta 2014; 850:57-64. [PMID: 25441160 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2014.08.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2014] [Revised: 08/12/2014] [Accepted: 08/17/2014] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Freshwater and brackish microalgal toxins, such as microcystins, cylindrospermopsins, paralytic toxins, anatoxins or other neurotoxins are produced during the overgrowth of certain phytoplankton and benthic cyanobacteria, which includes either prokaryotic or eukaryotic microalgae. Although, further studies are necessary to define the biological role of these toxins, at least some of them are known to be poisonous to humans and wildlife due to their occurrence in these aquatic systems. The World Health Organization (WHO) has established as provisional recommended limit 1μg of microcystin-LR per liter of drinking water. In this work we present a microsphere-based multi-detection method for five classes of freshwater and brackish toxins: microcystin-LR (MC-LR), cylindrospermopsin (CYN), anatoxin-a (ANA-a), saxitoxin (STX) and domoic acid (DA). Five inhibition assays were developed using different binding proteins and microsphere classes coupled to a flow-cytometry Luminex system. Then, assays were combined in one method for the simultaneous detection of the toxins. The IC50's using this method were 1.9±0.1μg L(-1) MC-LR, 1.3±0.1μg L(-1) CYN, 61±4μg L(-1) ANA-a, 5.4±0.4μg L(-1) STX and 4.9±0.9μg L(-1) DA. Lyophilized cyanobacterial culture samples were extracted using a simple procedure and analyzed by the Luminex method and by UPLC-IT-TOF-MS. Similar quantification was obtained by both methods for all toxins except for ANA-a, whereby the estimated content was lower when using UPLC-IT-TOF-MS. Therefore, this newly developed multiplexed detection method provides a rapid, simple, semi-quantitative screening tool for the simultaneous detection of five environmentally important freshwater and brackish toxins, in buffer and cyanobacterial extracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Fraga
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain
| | - Natalia Vilariño
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain.
| | - M Carmen Louzao
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain
| | - Laura P Rodríguez
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain
| | - Amparo Alfonso
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain
| | - Katrina Campbell
- Institute for Global Food Security (IGFS), School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, David Keir Building, Stranmillis Road, Belfast BT9 5AG, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Christopher T Elliott
- Institute for Global Food Security (IGFS), School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, David Keir Building, Stranmillis Road, Belfast BT9 5AG, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Palmer Taylor
- Department of Pharmacology, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0657, United States
| | - Vítor Ramos
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, CIIMAR, and Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua dos Bragas 289, Porto 4050-123, Portugal
| | - Vítor Vasconcelos
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, CIIMAR, and Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua dos Bragas 289, Porto 4050-123, Portugal
| | - Luis M Botana
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain.
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Tran PT, Choi H, Kim SB, Lee HA, Choi D, Kim KH. A simple method for screening of plant NBS-LRR genes that confer a hypersensitive response to plant viruses and its application for screening candidate pepper genes against Pepper mottle virus. J Virol Methods 2014; 201:57-64. [PMID: 24552951 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2014.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2013] [Revised: 02/04/2014] [Accepted: 02/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Plant NBS-LRR genes are abundant and have been increasingly cloned from plant genomes. In this study, a method based on agroinfiltration and virus inoculation was developed for the simple and inexpensive screening of candidate R genes that confer a hypersensitive response to plant viruses. The well-characterized resistance genes Rx and N, which confer resistance to Potato virus X (PVX) and tobamovirus, respectively, were used to optimize a transient expression assay for detection of hypersensitive response in Nicotiana benthamiana. Infectious sap of PVX and Tobacco mosaic virus were used to induce hypersensitive response in Rx- and N-infiltrated leaves, respectively. The transient expression of the N gene induced local hypersensitive response upon infection of another tobamovirus, Pepper mild mottle virus, through both sap and transcript inoculation. When this method was used to screen 99 candidate R genes from pepper, an R gene that confers hypersensitive response to the potyvirus Pepper mottle virus was identified. The method will be useful for the identification of plant R genes that confer resistance to viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phu-Tri Tran
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-921, Republic of Korea; Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-921, Republic of Korea
| | - Hoseong Choi
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-921, Republic of Korea; Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-921, Republic of Korea
| | - Saet-Byul Kim
- Department of Plant Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-921, Republic of Korea; Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-921, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Ah Lee
- Department of Plant Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-921, Republic of Korea; Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-921, Republic of Korea
| | - Doil Choi
- Department of Plant Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-921, Republic of Korea; Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-921, Republic of Korea; Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul 151-921, Republic of Korea
| | - Kook-Hyung Kim
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-921, Republic of Korea; Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-921, Republic of Korea; Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul 151-921, Republic of Korea.
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49
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Franek M, Rubio D, Diblikova I, Rubio F. Analytical evaluation of a high-throughput enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for acrylamide determination in fried foods. Talanta 2014; 123:146-50. [PMID: 24725877 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2014.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2013] [Revised: 01/27/2014] [Accepted: 02/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The analytical performance and evaluation of a kit-based ELISA for the determination of acrylamide in fried potato and corn chip samples are described. The sample homogenate is subjected to clean-up using SPE, followed by analyte derivatization and ELISA detection. Accuracy, precision and linearity of the ELISA procedure have been validated using spiked samples. Analytical recovery ranged from 91.8% to 96.0% with coefficients of variation below 15%. Good linearity over a wide range of dilution and minimal assay drift was observed within a microtiter plate. IC50 value of the calibration curve was 110 ng/mL, with the limit of detection about 5 ng/mL and dynamic range from 10 to 1000 ng/mL. The high specificity of the ELISA was demonstrated by cross-reactivity study using 11 potential cross-reactants. A good correlation between the results obtained from the ELISA and GC-MS within the concentration range 120-1500 μg/kg was found in the chip samples (r=0.992, n=120). The data demonstrate that the evaluated and validated ELISA has a potential utility in a quick, simple and reliable acrylamide screening analysis for the medium- and large-sized food companies, as well as for residue laboratories and the food industry dealing with improving the chemical safety of foods available to the consumer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milan Franek
- Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 70, 621 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Daniel Rubio
- Abraxis LLC, 54 Steamwhistle Drive, Warminster, PA 18974, USA
| | - Iva Diblikova
- Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 70, 621 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Fernando Rubio
- Abraxis LLC, 54 Steamwhistle Drive, Warminster, PA 18974, USA
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50
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S C, J M B, M A T, A B, M C L. Transepithelial Brush Biopsy - Oral CDx® - A Noninvasive Method for the Early Detection of Precancerous and Cancerous Lesions. J Clin Diagn Res 2014; 8:222-6. [PMID: 24701540 DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2014/7659.4065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2013] [Accepted: 12/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The Oral CDx® brush biopsy (BB) method is a computer-assisted sample analysis that detects abnormal cells in all cell layers of the epithelium of the oral mucosa. METHOD We took 263 oral BBs from 200 patients with potentially malignant disorders. RESULTS We received 204 negative results and 39 atypical, 7 positive and 13 inadequate results. SBs were taken in 56 cases. Therefore, the sensitivity for the detection of abnormal cells was 90% and the specificity was 44.1%. The positive predictive value accounted for 47.2% and the NPV accounted for 88.2%. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION For the results of sensitivity and specificity of the Oral CDx® BB, there is still space for improvement but they are already high. Additional methods like DNA-image cytometry may enhance the results. But it is a simple and noninvasive method which does not need a special effort either from the patient or from the clinicians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Casparis S
- Faculty, Oral Surgery, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich , Switzerland
| | - Borm J M
- Faculty, Oral Surgery, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich , Switzerland
| | - Tomic M A
- Faculty, Oral Surgery, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich , Switzerland
| | - Burkhardt A
- Faculty, Institute of Pathology , Reutlingen, Germany
| | - Locher M C
- Faculty, Oral Surgery, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich , Switzerland
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