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Teng CY, Kao NJ, Nguyen NTK, Lin CI, Cross TWL, Lin SH. Effects of xylo-oligosaccharide on gut microbiota, brain protein expression, and lipid profile induced by high-fat diet. J Nutr Biochem 2024; 129:109640. [PMID: 38583497 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2024.109640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Midlife overweight and obesity are risk factors of cognitive decline and Alzheimer' s disease (AD) in late life. In addition to increasing risk of obesity and cognitive dysfunction, diets rich in fats also contributes to an imbalance of gut microbiota. Xylo-oligosaccharides (XOS) are a kind of prebiotic with several biological advantages, and can selectively promote the growth of beneficial microorganisms in the gut. To explore whether XOS can alleviate cognitive decline induced by high-fat diet (HFD) through improving gut microbiota composition, mice were fed with normal control or 60% HFD for 9 weeks to induce obesity. After that, mice were supplemented with XOS (30 g or 60 g/kg-diet) or without, respectively, for 12 weeks. The results showed that XOS inhibited weight gain, decreased epidydimal fat weight, and improved fasting blood sugar and blood lipids in mice. Additionally, XOS elevated spatial learning and memory function, decreased amyloid plaques accumulation, increased brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels, and improved neuroinflammation status in hippocampus. Changes in glycerolipids metabolism-associated lipid compounds caused by HFD in hippocampus were reversed after XOS intervention. On the other hand, after XOS intervention, increase in immune-mediated bacteria, Faecalibacterium was observed. In conclusion, XOS improved gut dysbiosis and ameliorated spatial learning and memory dysfunction caused by HFD by decreasing cognitive decline-associated biomarkers and changing lipid composition in hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chu-Yun Teng
- School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ning-Jo Kao
- Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, Kainan University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ngan Thi Kim Nguyen
- Program of Nutrition Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ching-I Lin
- Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, Chang-Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Wen L Cross
- Departmen of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Shyh-Hsiang Lin
- School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; School of Food Safety, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Castro C, Niknafs S, Gonzalez-Ortiz G, Tan X, Bedford MR, Roura E. Dietary xylo-oligosaccharides and arabinoxylans improved growth efficiency by reducing gut epithelial cell turnover in broiler chickens. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2024; 15:35. [PMID: 38433214 PMCID: PMC10910751 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-024-00991-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND One of the main roles of the intestinal mucosa is to protect against environmental hazards. Supplementation of xylo-oligosaccharides (XOS) is known to selectively stimulate the growth of beneficial intestinal bacteria and improve gut health and function in chickens. XOS may have an impact on the integrity of the intestinal epithelia where cell turnover is critical to maintain the compatibility between the digestive and barrier functions. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of XOS and an arabinoxylan-rich fraction (AXRF) supplementation on gut function and epithelial integrity in broiler chickens. METHODS A total of 128 broiler chickens (Ross 308) were assigned into one of two different dietary treatments for a period of 42 d: 1) control diet consisting of a corn/soybean meal-based diet; or 2) a control diet supplemented with 0.5% XOS and 1% AXRF. Each treatment was randomly distributed across 8 pens (n = 8) with 8 chickens each. Feed intake and body weight were recorded weekly. On d 42, one male chicken per pen was selected based on average weight and euthanized, jejunum samples were collected for proteomics analysis. RESULTS Dietary XOS/AXRF supplementation improved feed efficiency (P < 0.05) from d 1 to 42 compared to the control group. Proteomic analysis was used to understand the mechanism of improved efficiency uncovering 346 differentially abundant proteins (DAP) (Padj < 0.00001) in supplemented chickens compared to the non-supplemented group. In the jejunum, the DAP translated into decreased ATP production indicating lower energy expenditure by the tissue (e.g., inhibition of glycolysis and tricarboxylic acid cycle pathways). In addition, DAP were associated with decreased epithelial cell differentiation, and migration by reducing the actin polymerization pathway. Putting the two main pathways together, XOS/AXRF supplementation may decrease around 19% the energy required for the maintenance of the gastrointestinal tract. CONCLUSIONS Dietary XOS/AXRF supplementation improved growth efficiency by reducing epithelial cell migration and differentiation (hence, turnover), actin polymerization, and consequently energy requirement for maintenance of the jejunum of broiler chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Castro
- Centre for Nutrition and Food Sciences, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Shahram Niknafs
- Centre for Nutrition and Food Sciences, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | | | - Xinle Tan
- Centre for Nutrition and Food Sciences, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | | | - Eugeni Roura
- Centre for Nutrition and Food Sciences, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia.
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Gui Y, Wu Y, Shu T, Hou Z, Hu Y, Li W, Yu L. Multi-point immobilization of GH 11 endo-β-1,4-xylanase on magnetic MOF composites for higher yield of xylo-oligosaccharides. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 260:129277. [PMID: 38211918 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.129277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 12/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
GH 11 endo-β-1,4-xylanase (Xy) was a crucial enzyme for xylooligosaccharides (XOS) production. The lower reusability and higher cost of purification has limited the industrial application of Xy. Addressing these challenges, our study utilized various immobilization techniques, different supports and forces for Xy immobilization. This study presents a new method in the development of Fe3O4@PDA@MOF-Xy which is immobilized via multi-point interaction forces, demonstrating a significant advancement in protein loading capacity (80.67 mg/g), and exhibiting remarkable tolerance to acidic and alkaline conditions. This method significantly improved Xy reusability and efficiency for industrial applications, maintaining 60 % activity over 10 cycles. Approximately 23 % XOS production was achieved by Fe3O4@PDA@MOF-Xy. Moreover, the yield of XOS from cobcorn xylan using this system was 1.15 times higher than that of the free enzyme system. These results provide a theoretical and applicative basis for enzyme immobilization and XOS industrial production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Gui
- Institute of Resource Biology and Biotechnology, Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics Ministry of Education, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Ya Wu
- Institute of Resource Biology and Biotechnology, Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics Ministry of Education, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Tong Shu
- Institute of Resource Biology and Biotechnology, Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics Ministry of Education, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Ziqi Hou
- Institute of Resource Biology and Biotechnology, Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics Ministry of Education, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Yaofeng Hu
- Institute of Resource Biology and Biotechnology, Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics Ministry of Education, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Wei Li
- Institute of Resource Biology and Biotechnology, Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics Ministry of Education, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China.
| | - Longjiang Yu
- Institute of Resource Biology and Biotechnology, Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics Ministry of Education, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China.
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Zhang W, Li C, Cheng X, Xu L, Xu W, Zhang B, Wang H, Zhou Y, Xiao Y, Jiang J, Xu B. Structural characterization of lignin from the green pretreatments for co-producing xylo-oligosaccharides and glucose: Toward full biomass utilization. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 259:129235. [PMID: 38211916 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.129235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
Three green non-enzymatic catalysis pretreatments (NECPs) including autohydrolysis, subcritical CO2-assisted seawater autohydrolysis, and inorganic salt catalysis were utilized to simultaneously produce xylo-oligosaccharides (XOS), glucose, and cellulolytic enzyme lignin (CEL) from sugarcane bagasse (SCB). The yield of XOS in all three NECPs was over 50 % with a competitive glucose yield of enzymatic hydrolysis. And the effects of different pretreatments on the chemical structure and composition of CEL samples were also investigated. The pretreatments significantly increased the thermal stability, yield, and purity of the CEL samples. Moreover, the net yield of lignin was 58.3 % with lignin purity was 98.9 % in the autohydrolysis system. Furthermore, there was a decrease in the molecular weight of CEL samples as the pretreatment intensity increased. And the original lignin structural units sustained less damage during the NECPs, due to the cleavage of the β-O-4 bonds dominating lignin degradation. Meanwhile, these pretreatments increased the phenolic-OH in CEL samples, making the lignin more reactive, and enhancing its subsequent modification and utilization. Collectively, the described techniques have demonstrated practical significance for the coproduction of XOS and glucose, and lignin, providing a promising strategy for full utilization of biomass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Zhang
- School of Light Industry, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China.
| | - Chenxi Li
- School of Light Industry, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Xichuang Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Production of Forest Resources, MOE Engineering Research Center of Forestry Biomass Materials and Bioenergy, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Linlin Xu
- School of Light Industry, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Wei Xu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Linyi University, Linyi 276005, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- School of Light Industry, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Hanmin Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Yawen Zhou
- School of Light Industry, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Yang Xiao
- School of Light Industry, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Jianxin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Production of Forest Resources, MOE Engineering Research Center of Forestry Biomass Materials and Bioenergy, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Baocai Xu
- School of Light Industry, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
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Wang Y, Du J, Li Q, Tao Y, Cheng Y, Lu J, Wang H. Bioconversion of cellulose and hemicellulose in corn cob into L-lactic acid and xylo-oligosaccharides. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 253:126775. [PMID: 37699460 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.126775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
With the banning of antibiotic chemical feed additives, multi-functional bioactive feed additives have been extensively sought after by the feed industry. In this study, low-cost and renewable corn cobs were treated with liquid hot water and converted into bioactive xylo-oligosaccharides and L-lactic acid after enzymatic hydrolysis, strain activation, and fermentation under mild conditions, which achieved a full utilization of cellulose and hemicellulose in corn cobs. Simultaneous saccharification fermentation after strain activation with enzymatic hydrolysate delivered the highest conversion rate of glucose to L-lactic acid (93.00 %) and yielded 17.38 g/L L-lactic acid and 2.68 g/L xylo-oligosaccharides. On this basis, batch-feeding fermentation resulted in a 78.03 % conversion rate of glucose to L-lactic acid, 18.99 g/L L-lactic acid, and 2.84 g/L xylo-oligosaccharides. This work not only provided a green and clean bioconversion strategy to produce multi-functional feed additives but can also boost the full utilization of renewable and cheap biomass resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiqin Wang
- Liaoning Key Lab of Lignocellulose Chemistry and Biomaterials, Liaoning Collaborative Innovation Center for Lignocellulosic Biorefinery, College of Light Industry and Chemical Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Jian Du
- Liaoning Key Lab of Lignocellulose Chemistry and Biomaterials, Liaoning Collaborative Innovation Center for Lignocellulosic Biorefinery, College of Light Industry and Chemical Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Qiang Li
- College of Engineering, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; College of Horticulture & Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yehan Tao
- Liaoning Key Lab of Lignocellulose Chemistry and Biomaterials, Liaoning Collaborative Innovation Center for Lignocellulosic Biorefinery, College of Light Industry and Chemical Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Yi Cheng
- Liaoning Key Lab of Lignocellulose Chemistry and Biomaterials, Liaoning Collaborative Innovation Center for Lignocellulosic Biorefinery, College of Light Industry and Chemical Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Jie Lu
- Liaoning Key Lab of Lignocellulose Chemistry and Biomaterials, Liaoning Collaborative Innovation Center for Lignocellulosic Biorefinery, College of Light Industry and Chemical Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China.
| | - Haisong Wang
- Liaoning Key Lab of Lignocellulose Chemistry and Biomaterials, Liaoning Collaborative Innovation Center for Lignocellulosic Biorefinery, College of Light Industry and Chemical Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China.
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Lin Y, Lourenco JM, Olukosi OA. Effects of xylanase, protease, and xylo-oligosaccharides on growth performance, nutrient utilization, short chain fatty acids, and microbiota in Eimeria-challenged broiler chickens fed high fiber diet. Anim Nutr 2023; 15:430-442. [PMID: 38033611 PMCID: PMC10686808 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2023.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
A 21-d experiment was conducted to study the effect of xylanase, protease, and xylo-oligosaccharides on growth performance, nutrient utilization, gene expression of nutrient transporters, cecal short-chain fatty acids (SCFA), and cecal microbiota profile of broilers challenged with mixed Eimeria spp. The study utilized 392 zero-d-old male broiler chicks allocated to 8 treatments in a 4 × 2 factorial arrangement, as follows: corn-soybean meal diet with no enzyme (Con); Con plus xylanase alone (XYL); Con plus xylanase combined with protease (XYL + PRO); or Con plus xylo-oligosaccharides (XOS); with or without Eimeria challenge. Diets were based on a high-fiber (100 g/kg soluble fibers and 14 g/kg insoluble fibers) basal diet. At d 15, birds in challenged treatment were gavaged with a solution containing Eimeria maxima, Eimeria acervulina, and Eimeria tenella oocysts. At d 21, birds were sampled. Eimeria depressed (P < 0.01) growth performance and nutrient utilization, whereas supplementation had no effect. There were significant Eimeria × supplementation interactions for the sugar transporters GLUT5 (P = 0.02), SGLT1 (P = 0.01), SGLT4 (P < 0.01), and peptide transporter PepT1 (P < 0.01) in jejunal mucosa. Eimeria challenge increased the expression of GM-CSF2 (P < 0.01) and IL-17 (P = 0.04) but decreased (P = 0.03) IL-1β expression in the cecal tonsil. Eimeria × supplementation interactions for cecal acetate, butyrate, and total SCFA showed that concentrations increased or tended to be greater in the supplemented treatments, but only in non-challenged birds. Birds challenged with Eimeria spp. had higher concentrations of isobutyrate (P < 0.01), isovalerate (P < 0.01), and valerate (P = 0.02) in cecal content. Eimeria challenge significantly (P < 0.01) decreased the microbial richness and diversity, and increased (P < 0.01) the proportion of Anaerostipes butyraticus, Bifidobacterium pseudolongum, and Lactobacillus pontis. In conclusion, Eimeria infection depressed growth performance, nutrient utilization with regulating nutrient transporters. Furthermore, Eimeria challenge shifted the microbial profile and reduced microbial richness and diversity. On the other hand, enzyme supplementation showed limited benefits, which included increased concentrations of SCFA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Lin
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Jeferson M. Lourenco
- Department of Animal and Dairy Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
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Zhang X, Miao Q, Tang B, Mijakovic I, Ji XJ, Qu L, Wei Y. Discovery of novel alkaline-tolerant xylanases from fecal microbiota of dairy cows. Biotechnol Biofuels Bioprod 2023; 16:182. [PMID: 38012750 PMCID: PMC10683242 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-023-02435-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Xylo-oligosaccharides (XOS) are considered as a promising type of prebiotics that can be used in foods, feeds, and healthcare products. Xylanases play a key role in the production of XOS from xylan. In this study, we conducted a metagenomic analysis of the fecal microbiota from dairy cows fed with different types of fodders. Despite the diversity in their diets, the main phyla observed in all fecal microbiota were Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes. At the genus level, one group of dairy cows that were fed probiotic fermented herbal mixture-containing fodders displayed decreased abundance of Methanobrevibacter and increased growth of beneficial Akkermansia bacteria. Additionally, this group exhibited a high microbial richness and diversity. Through our analysis, we obtained a comprehensive dataset comprising over 280,000 carbohydrate-active enzyme genes. Among these, we identified a total of 163 potential xylanase genes and subsequently expressed 34 of them in Escherichia coli. Out of the 34 expressed genes, two alkaline xylanases with excellent temperature stability and pH tolerance were obtained. Notably, CDW-xyl-8 exhibited xylanase activity of 96.1 ± 7.5 U/mg protein, with an optimal working temperature of 55 ℃ and optimal pH of 8.0. CDW-xyl-16 displayed an activity of 427.3 ± 9.1 U/mg protein with an optimal pH of 8.5 and an optimal temperature at 40 ℃. Bioinformatic analyses and structural modeling suggest that CDW-xyl-8 belongs to GH10 family xylanase, and CDW-xyl-16 is a GH11 family xylanase. Both enzymes have the ability to hydrolyze beechwood xylan and produce XOS. In conclusion, this metagenomic study provides valuable insights into the fecal microbiota composition of dairy cows fed different fodder types, revealing main microbial groups and demonstrating the abundance of xylanases. Furthermore, the characterization of two novel xylanases highlights their potential application in XOS production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoling Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Qin Miao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Bingling Tang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Ivan Mijakovic
- Division of Systems and Synthetic Biology, Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, 41296, Sweden
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, 2800, Denmark
| | - Xiao-Jun Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Lingbo Qu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Yongjun Wei
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.
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Deng J, Yun J, Gu Y, Yan B, Yin B, Huang C. Evaluating the In Vitro and In Vivo Prebiotic Effects of Different Xylo-Oligosaccharides Obtained from Bamboo Shoots by Hydrothermal Pretreatment Combined with Endo-Xylanase Hydrolysis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13422. [PMID: 37686227 PMCID: PMC10488140 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Xylo-oligosaccharides (XOS) enriched with high fractions of X2-X3 are regarded as an effective prebiotic for regulating the intestinal microflora. In this study, the original XOS solution was obtained from bamboo shoots through hydrothermal pretreatment under optimized conditions. Subsequently, enzymatic hydrolysis with endo-xylanase was performed on the original XOS solution to enhance the abundance of the X2-X3 fractions. The results demonstrated that hydrothermal pretreatment yielded 21.24% of XOS in the hydrolysate solution, and subsequent enzymatic hydrolysis significantly increased the proportion of the X2-X3 fractions from 38.87% to 68.21%. Moreover, the XOS solutions with higher amounts of X2-X3 fractions exhibited superior performance in promoting the growth of probiotics such as Bifidobacterium adolescentis and Lactobacillus acidophilus in vitro, leading to increased production of short-chain fatty acids. In the in vivo colitis mouse model, XOS solutions with higher contents of X2-X3 fractions demonstrated enhanced efficacy against intestinal inflammation. Compared with the colitis mice (model group), the XOS solution with higher X2-X3 fractions (S1 group) could significantly increase the number of Streptomyces in the intestinal microflora, while the original XOS solution (S2 group) could significantly increase the number of Bacteroides in the intestinal microflora of colitis mice. In addition, the abundances of Alcaligenes and Pasteurella in the intestinal microflora of the S1 and S2 groups were much lower than in the model group. This effect was attributed to the ability of these XOS solutions to enhance species diversity, reversing the imbalance and disorder within the intestinal microflora. Overall, this work highlights the outstanding potential of XOS enriched with high contents of X2-X3 fractions as a regulator of the intestinal microbiota and as an anti-colitis agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junping Deng
- Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; (J.D.); (Y.G.); (B.Y.)
| | - Jinyan Yun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural Science and Technology University, Jilin 132109, China;
| | - Yang Gu
- Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; (J.D.); (Y.G.); (B.Y.)
| | - Bowen Yan
- Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; (J.D.); (Y.G.); (B.Y.)
| | - Baishuang Yin
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural Science and Technology University, Jilin 132109, China;
| | - Caoxing Huang
- Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; (J.D.); (Y.G.); (B.Y.)
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Li C, Cao H, Wu W, Meng G, Zhao C, Cao Y, Yuan J. Expression and characterization of α-L-arabinofuranosidase derived from Aspergillus awamori and its enzymatic degradation of corn byproducts with xylanase. Bioresour Technol 2023:129278. [PMID: 37290707 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.129278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In this study, α-L-arabinofuranosidase (AF) from Aspergillus awamori was heterologously expressed in Pichia pastoris X33, with a 1-fold increase in AF activity after codon and vector optimization. AF remained stable at 60-65 °C and displayed a broad pH stability range of 2.5-8.0. It also demonstrated considerable resistance to pepsin and trypsin. Furthermore, compared with xylanase alone, AF with xylanase exhibited a marked synergistic effect in the degradation of expanded corn bran, corn bran, and corn distillers' dried grains with solubles, reducing sugars by 3.6-fold, 1.4-fold, and 6.5-fold, respectively, with the degree of synergy increasing to 4.61, 2.44, and 5.4, respectively, while in vitro dry matter digestibility values were 17.6%, 5.2%, and 8.8%, respectively. After enzymatic saccharification, corn byproducts were converted to prebiotic xylo-oligosaccharides and arabinoses, thereby demonstrating the favorable properties of AF in the degradation of corn biomass and its byproducts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyue Li
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Heng Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Wei Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Gang Meng
- Ningxia Eppen Biotech Co., Ltd., China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Chunguang Zhao
- Ningxia Eppen Biotech Co., Ltd., China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yunhe Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jianmin Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
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Liu X, Cao R, Xu Y. Acidic hydrolyzed xylo-oligosaccharides bioactivity on the antioxidant and immune activities of macrophage. Food Res Int 2023; 163:112152. [PMID: 36596103 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.112152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Xylo-oligosaccharides (XOS) prepared by the acetic acid hydrolysis of corncob were adulterated with many impurities including pigments, salts, and monosaccharides. Monosaccharides, acids, and most of the pigment were removed by a combination of decolorization, bipolar membrane electrodialysis and catalysis by Gluconobacter oxydans. These steps retain 90% of XOS in the acidolysis slurry. In this study, the effects of purified-XOS (PXOS) and crude XOS (CXOS) on the antioxidant and immune activities of macrophage were compared to verify the bioactivity of acidic hydrolyzed XOS, mainly focusing on the benefits of the purification process. PXOS was more effective in increasing superoxide dismutase activity and reducing malondialdehyde content, and thus had more potent antioxidant activity. In addition, PXOS could more efficiently promote the secretion of tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6, nitric oxide, and interleukin-1β by macrophage. All these data, suggest that the purification process contributed to improve the immunomodulatory activity of XOS from acidolysis slurry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinlu Liu
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, People's Republic of China; Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Green Biomass-based Fuels and Chemicals, Nanjing 210037, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Forestry Genetics & Biotechnology (Nanjing Forestry University), Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210037, People's Republic of China
| | - Rou Cao
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, People's Republic of China; Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Green Biomass-based Fuels and Chemicals, Nanjing 210037, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Forestry Genetics & Biotechnology (Nanjing Forestry University), Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210037, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Xu
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, People's Republic of China; Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Green Biomass-based Fuels and Chemicals, Nanjing 210037, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Forestry Genetics & Biotechnology (Nanjing Forestry University), Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210037, People's Republic of China.
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11
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Brenelli LB, Bhatia R, Djajadi DT, Thygesen LG, Rabelo SC, Leak DJ, Franco TT, Gallagher JA. Xylo-oligosaccharides, fermentable sugars, and bioenergy production from sugarcane straw using steam explosion pretreatment at pilot-scale. Bioresour Technol 2022; 357:127093. [PMID: 35378280 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.127093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the production of xylo-oligosaccharides (XOS) from sugarcane straw (SCS) using steam explosion (SE) pretreatment at pilot-scale, as well as co-production of fermentable sugars and lignin-rich residues for bioethanol and bioenergy, respectively. SE conditions 200 °C; 15 bar; 10 min led to 1) soluble XOS yields of up to 35 % (w/w) of initial xylan with ∼50 % of the recovered XOS corresponding to xylobiose and xylotriose, considered the most valuable sugars for prebiotic applications; 2) fermentable glucose yields from the enzymatic hydrolysis of SE-pretreated SCS of up to ∼78 %; 3) increase in the energy content of saccharified SCS residues (16 %) compared to the untreated material. From an integrated biorefinery perspective, it demonstrated the potential use of SCS for the production of value-added XOS ingredients as well as liquid and solid biofuel products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lívia B Brenelli
- Interdisciplinary Center of Energy Planning, University of Campinas, Cora Coralina, 330, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
| | - Rakesh Bhatia
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Demi T Djajadi
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 23, DK-1958 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Lisbeth G Thygesen
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 23, DK-1958 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Sarita C Rabelo
- Department of Bioprocess and Biotechnology, School of Agriculture, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Avenida Universitária, 3780, Altos do Paraíso, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - David J Leak
- Department of Biology & Biochemistry, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Telma T Franco
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Av. Albert Einstein, Campinas, São Paulo 13083-852, Brazil
| | - Joe A Gallagher
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences (IBERS), Aberystwyth University, Plas Gogerddan, Aberystwyth SY23 3EE, UK
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12
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Liu J, Wang B, Lai Q, Lu Y, Li L, Li Y, Liu S. Boosted growth performance, immunity, antioxidant capacity and disease resistance of crucian carp (Carassius auratus) by single or in combination dietary Bacillus subtilis and xylo-oligosaccharides. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2022; 256:109296. [PMID: 35189356 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2022.109296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In this study, a total of 420 healthy crucian carp (9.77 ± 0.04 g) were randomly divided into CK, B·S, XOS and B·S + XOS group, and cultured for 8 weeks. Results showed that the dietary Bacillus subtilis (B. subtilis) and xylo-oligosaccharides (XOS) can significantly increased the final weight, weight gain, specific growth rate, feed efficiency, protein efficiency and survival rate of crucian carp. Dietary B. subtilis and XOS can significantly increased the activities of catalase, glutathione, superoxide dismutase and total antioxidant capacity, significantly decreased the contents of malondialdehyde, and significantly increased the activities of alkaline phosphatase, acid phosphatase, lysozyme and the contents of complement component 3,4 and immunoglobulin M in crucian carp serum. In addition, compared with CK group, the expression levels of TGF-β and IL-10 in B·S, XOS and B·S + XOS group were significantly increased, and the expression levels of TNF-α, HSP90, IL-1β, TLR4 and MyD88 were significantly decreased. Supplementation of B. subtilis and XOS can also improve the intestinal tissue morphology of crucian carp. After injection of 1 × 107 CFU/mL Aeromonas hydrophila (A. hydrophila), compared with CK group, the survival rates of the B·S group, the XOS group and the B·S + XOS group were increased by 13.98%, 10.56% and 30.74%, respectively. These results show that dietary B. subtilis and XOS can significantly improve the growth performance, antioxidant capacity, immunity and resistance to A. hydrophila of crucian carp, and the combined effect is better than that of single addition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology/College of Animal Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; Ministry of Education Laboratory of Animal Production and Quality Security, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Bo Wang
- Health Monitoring and Inspection Center of Jilin Province, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Qifang Lai
- East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, China
| | - Yuting Lu
- College of Animal Science and Technology/College of Animal Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; Ministry of Education Laboratory of Animal Production and Quality Security, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Liang Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology/College of Animal Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; Ministry of Education Laboratory of Animal Production and Quality Security, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Yuehong Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology/College of Animal Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; Ministry of Education Laboratory of Animal Production and Quality Security, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China.
| | - Shaojun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, Hunan, China.
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13
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Zhang L, Zhang X, Lei F, Jiang J, Ji L. Coproduction of xylo-oligosaccharides and glucose from sugarcane bagasse in subcritical CO 2-assisted seawater system. BIORESOUR BIOPROCESS 2022; 9:34. [PMID: 38647821 PMCID: PMC10991134 DOI: 10.1186/s40643-022-00525-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abundant seawater resources can replace the shortage of freshwater resources. The co-production of xylo-oligosaccharides and glucose from sugarcane bagasse by subcritical CO2-assisted seawater pretreatment was studied in this paper. We investigated the effects of pretreatment conditions of temperature, CO2 pressure and reaction time on the yield of xylo-oligosaccharides in subcritical CO2-assisted seawater systems. The maximum xylo-oligosaccharide yield of 68.23% was obtained at 165 °C/2 MPa/5 min. After further enzymatic hydrolysis of the solid residue, the highest glucose yield of 94.45% was obtained. In this system, there is a synergistic effect of mixed ions in seawater and CO2 to depolymerize xylan into xylo-oligosaccharides with a lower degree of polymerization. At the same time, the addition of CO2 increased the pore size and porosity of sugarcane bagasse, improved the efficiency of enzymatic hydrolysis and increased the yield of glucose. Therefore, this study provides a more environmentally friendly and sustainable process for the co-production of xylo-oligosaccharides and glucose from sugarcane bagasse, and improves the utilization of seawater resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leping Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, MOE Engineering Research Center of Forestry Biomass Materials and Bioenergy, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Xiankun Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, MOE Engineering Research Center of Forestry Biomass Materials and Bioenergy, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Fuhou Lei
- Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Engineering of Forest Products, State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Engineering of Forest Products, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University for Nationalities, Nanning, 530006, China
| | - Jianxin Jiang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, MOE Engineering Research Center of Forestry Biomass Materials and Bioenergy, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China.
| | - Li Ji
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, MOE Engineering Research Center of Forestry Biomass Materials and Bioenergy, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China.
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14
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Gu Y, Guo J, Zhou X, Xu Y. RSM-Modeling and Optimization of High Titer Functional Xylo-oligosaccharides Production by Edible Gluconic Acid Catalysis. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2022. [PMID: 35298767 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-022-03842-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Xylo-oligosaccharides have great value in food, feed fields. Previous studies have shown that organic acids catalyze the hydrolysis of xylan-rich sources for the production of xylo-oligosaccharides. In this study, gluconic acid of aldonic acid generated xylo-oligosaccharides via hydrolysis of xylan from corncob. In order to maximize efficiency of xylo-oligosaccharides production, the optimum conditions was ascertained by Box-Behnken design-based response surface methodology. The developed process resulted in a maximum xylo-oligosaccharides yield of 57.73% using 4.6% gluconic acid at 167 °C for 28 min, which was similar to the predicted value and fitted models of xylo-oligosaccharides production. The results showed that the reaction temperature was crucial to xylo-oligosaccharides production, and by-product yields (xylose and furfural) could be effectively controlled by both reaction temperature and time. In addition, 44.87 g/L XOS was achieved by decreasing the solid-liquid ratio. Overall, the described process may be a preferred option for future high concentration xylo-oligosaccharides production.
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15
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Karnaouri A, Asimakopoulou G, Kalogiannis KG, Lappas AA, Topakas E. Efficient production of nutraceuticals and lactic acid from lignocellulosic biomass by combining organosolv fractionation with enzymatic/fermentative routes. Bioresour Technol 2021; 341:125846. [PMID: 34474235 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.125846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/22/2021] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this work was to investigate the use of isobutanol as organic solvent for the efficient delignification and fractionation of beechwood through the OxiOrganosolv process in the absence of any catalyst. The results demonstrate that cellulose-rich solid pulp produced after pretreatment is a source of fermentable sugars that can be easily hydrolyzed and serve as a carbon source in microbial fermentations for the production of omega-3 fatty acids and D-lactic acid. The C5 sugars are recovered in the aqueous liquid fractions and comprise a fraction rich in xylo-oligosaccharides with prebiotic potential. The maximum production of optically pure D-lactic from Lactobacillus delbrueckii sp. bulgaricus reached 51.6 g/L (0.57 g/gbiomass), following a simultaneous saccharification and fermentation strategy. Crypthecodenium cohnii accumulated up to 52.1 wt% lipids with a DHA content of 54.1 %, while up to 43.3 % hemicellulose recovery in form of oligosaccharides was achieved in the liquid fraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthi Karnaouri
- Industrial Biotechnology & Biocatalysis Group, Biotechnology Lab, School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, 9 Iroon Polytechniou Str., Zografou Campus, 15780 Athens, Greece
| | - Georgia Asimakopoulou
- Industrial Biotechnology & Biocatalysis Group, Biotechnology Lab, School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, 9 Iroon Polytechniou Str., Zografou Campus, 15780 Athens, Greece
| | - Konstantinos G Kalogiannis
- Chemical Process and Energy Resources Institute (CPERI), CERTH, 6th km Harilaou-Thermi Road, Thermi, 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Angelos A Lappas
- Chemical Process and Energy Resources Institute (CPERI), CERTH, 6th km Harilaou-Thermi Road, Thermi, 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Evangelos Topakas
- Industrial Biotechnology & Biocatalysis Group, Biotechnology Lab, School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, 9 Iroon Polytechniou Str., Zografou Campus, 15780 Athens, Greece.
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16
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Yang Q, Ying W, Wen P, Zhu J, Xu Y, Zhang J. Delignification of poplar for xylo-oligosaccharides production using lactic acid catalysis. Bioresour Technol 2021; 342:125943. [PMID: 34547710 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.125943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Recently, xylo-oligosaccharides (XOS) production from lignocelluloses by organic acid catalysis has been widely reported. However, the effect of delignification of lignocelluloses on XOS production by organic acid catalysis was unclear, and lactic acid (LA) catalysis in XOS production from lignocelluloses has not been reported. In this work, the effect of delignification on XOS production from poplar by LA catalysis was investigated. Results demonstrated that hydrogen peroxide-acetic acid (HPAA) pretreatment removed 83.2% of lignin and retained 95.4% of xylan. After 2% LA catalysis (170 °C, 30 min), a high XOS yield of 42.7% was obtained from HPAA1-LA-pretreated poplar. Lignin removal from poplar was positively correlated with XOS yield. Glucose yield of HPAA1-LA-pretreated poplar by cellulase was 88.9%. Compared with LA-catalyzed poplar, the XOS and glucose production from HPAA1-LA-pretreated poplar by cellulase increased by 1.4-fold and 6.8-fold, respectively. This work presents a novel strategy for efficient producing XOS and monosaccharides from poplar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Yang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Wenjun Ying
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Peiyao Wen
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Junjun Zhu
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; Key Laboratory of Forestry Genetics & Biotechnology (Nanjing Forestry University), Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Yong Xu
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; Key Laboratory of Forestry Genetics & Biotechnology (Nanjing Forestry University), Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Junhua Zhang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; Key Laboratory of Forestry Genetics & Biotechnology (Nanjing Forestry University), Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210037, China; College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
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17
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Shen B, Hou S, Jia Y, Yang C, Su Y, Ling Z, Huang C, Lai C, Yong Q. Synergistic effects of hydrothermal and deep eutectic solvent pretreatment on co-production of xylo-oligosaccharides and enzymatic hydrolysis of poplar. Bioresour Technol 2021; 341:125787. [PMID: 34419877 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.125787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Full utilization of lignocellulose is critical for its biorefinery development. In this study, a sustainable biorefinery process based upon poplar sawdust was established using sequential hydrothermal and deep eutectic solvent treatment (HP-DES). Results showed that single hydrothermal pretreatment (HP) could produce 53.2% xylo-oligosaccharides (XOS) (based on raw xylan), while the enzymatic digestibility was low. Conversely, single DES treatment achieved effective enzymatic digestibility but low XOS yields. As compared to HP, both DES treatment and HP-DES showed high selectivity for lignin removal and high glucose yield. Surprisingly, most of HP-DES residues had obviously lower enzymatic digestibilities than those of single DES residues. This was mainly explained by the differences of the surface lignin contents between DES and HP-DES residues. Moreover, nearly complete enzymatic hydrolysis of HP-DES residues was achieved with the addition of bovine serum albumin. This work demonstrated this HP-DES yielded XOS, fermentable sugar, and pure lignin with high processibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Buzhen Shen
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuwen Hou
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Jia
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, People's Republic of China
| | - Chundong Yang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Su
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhe Ling
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, People's Republic of China
| | - Caoxing Huang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, People's Republic of China
| | - Chenhuan Lai
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Forestry Genetics & Biotechnology (Nanjing Forestry University), Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210037, People's Republic of China.
| | - Qiang Yong
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Forestry Genetics & Biotechnology (Nanjing Forestry University), Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210037, People's Republic of China
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18
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Lan K, Xu Y, Kim H, Ham C, Kelley SS, Park S. Techno-economic analysis of producing xylo-oligosaccharides and cellulose microfibers from lignocellulosic biomass. Bioresour Technol 2021; 340:125726. [PMID: 34426244 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.125726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This study assesses the economic performance of a biorefinery producing xylo-oligosaccharides (XOS) from miscanthus by autohydrolysis and purification based on a rigorous model developed in ASPEN Plus. Varied biorefinery capacities (50-250 oven dry metric ton (ODMT)/day) and three XOS content levels (80%, 90%, 95%) are analyzed. The XOS minimum selling price (XOS MSP) is varied between $3,430-$7,500, $4,030-$8,970, and $4,840-$10,640 per metric ton (MT) for 80%, 90%, and 95% content, respectively. The results show that increasing biorefinery capacity can significantly reduce the XOS MSP and higher purity leads to higher XOS MSP due to less yield, and higher capital and operating costs. This study also explores another system configuration to produce high-value byproducts, cellulose microfiber, by utilizing the cellulose to produce microfiber instead of combusting for energy recovery. The XOS MSP of cellulose microfiber case is $2,460-$7,040/MT and thus exhibits potential economic benefits over the other cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Lan
- Department of Forest Biomaterials, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Yiling Xu
- Department of Forest Biomaterials, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Hoyong Kim
- Center for Bio-based Chemistry, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Ulsan 44429, Republic of Korea
| | - Choonghyun Ham
- Starch & Sweetener R&D Center, Daesang Corporation, Icheon-si, Gyeonggi-do 17384, Republic of Korea
| | - Stephen S Kelley
- Department of Forest Biomaterials, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Sunkyu Park
- Department of Forest Biomaterials, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA.
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19
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Zhang F, Lan W, Li Z, Zhang A, Tang B, Wang H, Wang X, Ren J, Liu C. Co-production of functional xylo-oligosaccharides and fermentable sugars from corn stover through fast and facile ball mill-assisted alkaline peroxide pretreatment. Bioresour Technol 2021; 337:125327. [PMID: 34118741 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.125327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this work was to develop a feasible ball mill-assisted alkaline peroxide pretreatment followed by stepwise hydrolysis to improve the yield of xylo-oligosaccharides (XOS) and fermentable sugars. The hydrogen peroxide charge, ball-milling time, and solid-to-liquid ratio affected the compositions, particle sizes, morphology, and crystallinity of the corn stover, directly improving the following hydrolytic efficiency. The optimal pretreatment was with 0.45 g/g (H2O2: substrate) and 1:3 solid-to-liquid ratio (w/v) for 1.0 h ball-milling, resulting in 84.29% delignification. Physicochemical properties of the pretreated samples were characterized and their correlations to the enzymatic hydrolysis were revealed. Compared with one-step cellulase hydrolysis, the two-step xylanase-cellulase hydrolysis of the pretreated corn stover showed significant advance in preparing XOS, producing 69.65% (on the base of xylan content in pretreated sample) of XOS, along with 20.55% xylose, 68.94% glucose, and 21.15% gluco-oligosaccharides. The yield of XOS was 2-7 times higher than those in previous studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fulong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Wu Lan
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Zengyong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Aiping Zhang
- College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Baoling Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Huihui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Xiaoying Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Junli Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Chuanfu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China.
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Khaleghipour L, Linares-Pastén JA, Rashedi H, Ranaei Siadat SO, Jasilionis A, Al-Hamimi S, Sardari RRR, Karlsson EN. Extraction of sugarcane bagasse arabinoxylan, integrated with enzymatic production of xylo-oligosaccharides and separation of cellulose. Biotechnol Biofuels 2021; 14:153. [PMID: 34217334 PMCID: PMC8254973 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-021-01993-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Sugarcane processing roughly generates 54 million tonnes sugarcane bagasse (SCB)/year, making SCB an important material for upgrading to value-added molecules. In this study, an integrated scheme was developed for separating xylan, lignin and cellulose, followed by production of xylo-oligosaccharides (XOS) from SCB. Xylan extraction conditions were screened in: (1) single extractions in NaOH (0.25, 0.5, or 1 M), 121 °C (1 bar), 30 and 60 min; (2) 3 × repeated extraction cycles in NaOH (1 or 2 M), 121 °C (1 bar), 30 and 60 min or (3) pressurized liquid extractions (PLE), 100 bar, at low alkalinity (0-0.1 M NaOH) in the time and temperature range 10-30 min and 50-150 °C. Higher concentration of alkali (2 M NaOH) increased the xylan yield and resulted in higher apparent molecular weight of the xylan polymer (212 kDa using 1 and 2 M NaOH, vs 47 kDa using 0.5 M NaOH), but decreased the substituent sugar content. Repeated extraction at 2 M NaOH, 121 °C, 60 min solubilized both xylan (85.6% of the SCB xylan), and lignin (84.1% of the lignin), and left cellulose of high purity (95.8%) in the residuals. Solubilized xylan was separated from lignin by precipitation, and a polymer with β-1,4-linked xylose backbone substituted by arabinose and glucuronic acids was confirmed by FT-IR and monosaccharide analysis. XOS yield in subsequent hydrolysis by endo-xylanases (from glycoside hydrolase family 10 or 11) was dependent on extraction conditions, and was highest using xylan extracted by 0.5 M NaOH, (42.3%, using Xyn10A from Bacillus halodurans), with xylobiose and xylotriose as main products. The present study shows successful separation of SCB xylan, lignin, and cellulose. High concentration of alkali, resulted in xylan with lower degree of substitution (especially reduced arabinosylation), while high pressure (using PLE), released more lignin than xylan. Enzymatic hydrolysis was more efficient using xylan extracted at lower alkaline strength and less efficient using xylan obtained by PLE and 2 M NaOH, which may be a consequence of polymer aggregation, via remaining lignin interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Khaleghipour
- Division Biotechnology, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, P. O. Box 124, 22100, Lund, Sweden
- Biotechnology Group, School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Javier A Linares-Pastén
- Division Biotechnology, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, P. O. Box 124, 22100, Lund, Sweden
| | - Hamid Rashedi
- Biotechnology Group, School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
| | | | - Andrius Jasilionis
- Division Biotechnology, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, P. O. Box 124, 22100, Lund, Sweden
| | - Said Al-Hamimi
- Center for Analysis and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, P. O. Box 124, 22100, Lund, Sweden
| | - Roya R R Sardari
- Division Biotechnology, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, P. O. Box 124, 22100, Lund, Sweden
| | - Eva Nordberg Karlsson
- Division Biotechnology, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, P. O. Box 124, 22100, Lund, Sweden.
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Guo J, Huang K, Cao R, Zhang J, Xu Y. Aliphatic extractive effects on acetic acid catalysis of typical agricultural residues to xylo-oligosaccharide and enzymatic hydrolyzability of cellulose. Biotechnol Biofuels 2021; 14:97. [PMID: 33865437 PMCID: PMC8052792 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-021-01952-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Xylo-oligosaccharide is the spotlight of functional sugar that improves the economic benefits of lignocellulose biorefinery. Acetic acid acidolysis technology provides a promising application for xylo-oligosaccharide commercial production, but it is restricted by the aliphatic (wax-like) compounds, which cover the outer and inner surfaces of plants. RESULTS We removed aliphatic compounds by extraction with two organic solvents. The benzene-ethanol extraction increased the yield of acidolyzed xylo-oligosaccharides of corncob, sugarcane bagasse, wheat straw, and poplar sawdust by 14.79, 21.05, 16.68, and 7.26% while ethanol extraction increased it by 11.88, 17.43, 1.26, and 13.64%, respectively. CONCLUSION The single ethanol extraction was safer, more environmentally friendly, and more cost-effective than benzene-ethanol solvent. In short, organic solvent extraction provided a promising auxiliary method for the selective acidolysis of herbaceous xylan to xylo-oligosaccharides, while it had minimal impact on woody poplar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianming Guo
- Key Laboratory of Forestry Genetics & Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, People's Republic of China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, People's Republic of China
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Green Biomass-Based Fuels and Chemicals, Nanjing, 210037, People's Republic of China
| | - Kaixuan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Forestry Genetics & Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, People's Republic of China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, People's Republic of China
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Green Biomass-Based Fuels and Chemicals, Nanjing, 210037, People's Republic of China
| | - Rou Cao
- Key Laboratory of Forestry Genetics & Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, People's Republic of China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, People's Republic of China
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Green Biomass-Based Fuels and Chemicals, Nanjing, 210037, People's Republic of China
| | - Junhua Zhang
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, 3 Taicheng Road, Yangling, 712100, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Xu
- Key Laboratory of Forestry Genetics & Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, People's Republic of China.
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, People's Republic of China.
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Green Biomass-Based Fuels and Chemicals, Nanjing, 210037, People's Republic of China.
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Liu Y, Wang J, Bao C, Dong B, Cao Y. Characterization of a novel GH10 xylanase with a carbohydrate binding module from Aspergillus sulphureus and its synergistic hydrolysis activity with cellulase. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 182:701-711. [PMID: 33862072 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.04.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
A study was carried out to investigate the characterization of a novel Aspergillus sulphureus JCM01963 xylanase (AS-xyn10A) with a carbohydrate binding module (CBM) and its application in degrading alkali pretreated corncob, rapeseed meal and corn stover alone and in combination with a commercial cellulase. In this study, the 3D structure of AS-xyn10A, which contained a CBM at C-terminal. AS-xyn10A and its CBM-truncated variant (AS-xyn10A-dC) was codon-optimized and over-expressed in Komagaella phaffii X-33 (syn. Pichia pastoris) and characterized with optimal condition at 70 °C and pH 5.0, respectively. AS-xyn10A displayed high activity to xylan extracted from corn stover, corncob, and rapeseed meal. The concentration of hydrolyzed xylo-oligosaccharides (XOSs) reached 1592.26 μg/mL, 1149.92 μg/mL, and 621.86 μg/mL, respectively. Xylobiose was the main product (~70%) in the hydrolysis mixture. AS-xyn10A significantly synergized with cellulase to improve the hydrolysis efficiency of corn stover, corncob, and rapeseed meal to glucose. The degree of synergy (DS) was 1.32, 1.31, and 1.30, respectively. Simultaneously, XOSs hydrolyzed with AS-xyn10A and cellulase was improved by 46.48%, 66.13% and 141.45%, respectively. In addition, CBM variant decreased the yields of xylo-oligosaccharide and glucose in rapeseed meal degradation. This study provided a novel GH10 endo-xylanase, which has potential applications in hydrolysis of biomass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Chengling Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Bing Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunhe Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China.
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Guo J, Zhao J, Nawaz A, Haq IU, Chang W, Xu Y. In Situ Chemical Locking of Acetates During Xylo-Oligosaccharide Preparation by Lignocellulose Acidolysis. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2021; 193:2602-2615. [PMID: 33797025 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-021-03550-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Xylo-oligosaccharides with high value could be obtained by acidolysis of lignocellulosic biomass with acetic acid, which was an urgent problem to solve for the separation of acetic acid from crude xylo-oligosaccharides solution. Four neutralizers, CaCO3, CaO, Na2CO3, and NaOH, were used for in situ chemically locking the acetic acid in the acidolyzed hydrolysate of corncob. The chemically locked hydrolysate was analyzed and compared using vacuum evaporation and spray drying. After CaCO3, CaO, Na2CO3, and NaOH treatment, the locking rates of acetic acid were 92.62%, 94.89%, 95.05%, and 95.58%, respectively, and 39.55 g, 41.13 g, 41.78 g, and 41.87 g of the compound of xylo-oligosaccharide and acetate were obtained. Sodium neutralizer had lesser effect on xylo-oligosaccharide content, and Na2CO3 was the best chemical for locking acetic acid among these four neutralizers. This process provides a novel method for effectively utilizing acetic acid during the industrial production of xylo-oligosaccharides via acetic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianming Guo
- Key Laboratory of Forestry Genetics & Biotechnology, Nanjing Forestry University, Ministry of Education, Nanjing, 210037, People's Republic of China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, No. 159 Longpan Road, Nanjing, 210037, People's Republic of China
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Green Biomass-based Fuels and Chemicals, Nanjing, 210037, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianglin Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Forestry Genetics & Biotechnology, Nanjing Forestry University, Ministry of Education, Nanjing, 210037, People's Republic of China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, No. 159 Longpan Road, Nanjing, 210037, People's Republic of China
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Green Biomass-based Fuels and Chemicals, Nanjing, 210037, People's Republic of China
| | - Ali Nawaz
- Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, GC University, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Ikram Ul Haq
- Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, GC University, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Wenhuan Chang
- The Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Xu
- Key Laboratory of Forestry Genetics & Biotechnology, Nanjing Forestry University, Ministry of Education, Nanjing, 210037, People's Republic of China.
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, No. 159 Longpan Road, Nanjing, 210037, People's Republic of China.
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Green Biomass-based Fuels and Chemicals, Nanjing, 210037, People's Republic of China.
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Khaire KC, Sharma K, Thakur A, Moholkar VS, Goyal A. Extraction and characterization of xylan from sugarcane tops as a potential commercial substrate. J Biosci Bioeng 2021; 131:647-54. [PMID: 33676868 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2021.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Xylan is the major hemicellulose present in sugarcane stem secondary cell walls. Xylan is composed of xylose backbone with a high degree of substitutions, which affects its properties. In the present study, the xylan from sugarcane tops (SCT) was extracted and characterized. Compositional analysis of xylan extracted from SCT (SCTx) displayed the presence of 74% of d-xylose residues, 16% of d-glucuronic acid residues and 10% of l-arabinose. High performance size exclusion chromatographic analysis of SCTx displayed a single peak corresponding to a molecular mass of ∼57 kDa. The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic analysis of SCTx displayed the peaks corresponding to those obtained from commercial xylan. FESEM analysis of SCTx showed the granular and porous surface structure. Differential thermogravimetric analysis (DTG) of SCTx displayed two thermal degradation temperatures (Td) of 228°C, due to breakdown of the side chains of glucuronic acid and arabinose and 275°C, due to breakdown of xylan back bone. The presence of arabinose and glucuronic acid as a side chains was confirmed by the DTG and thermogravimetric analysis. The CHNS analysis of SCTx showed the presence of only carbon and hydrogen supporting its purity. The recombinant xylanase (CtXyn11A) from Clostridium thermocellum displayed a specific activity of 1394 ± 51 U/mg with SCTx, which was higher than those with commercial xylans. The thin layer chromatography and electrospray ionization mass spectroscopy analyses of CtXyn11A hydrolysed SCTx contained a series of linear xylo-oligosaccharides ranging from degree of polymerization 2-6 and no substituted xylo-oligosaccharides because of the endolytic activity of enzyme. The extracted xylan from SCT can be used as an alternative commercial substrate and for oligo-saccharide production.
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25
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Wang J, Xu Y, Meng X, Pu Y, Ragauskas A, Zhang J. Production of xylo-oligosaccharides from poplar by acetic acid pretreatment and its impact on inhibitory effect of poplar lignin. Bioresour Technol 2021; 323:124593. [PMID: 33387707 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.124593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Recently, efficient production of xylo-oligosaccharides (XOS) from poplar by acetic acid (AA) pretreatment was developed; but the effect of residual lignin on subsequent cellulase hydrolysis was unclear. Herein, XOS was produced from poplar by AA pretreatment and the effect of AA pretreatment on lignin inhibition to cellulase hydrolysis was investigated. The results indicated that a high XOS yield of 55.8% was obtained, and the inhibition degree of lignin in poplar increased from 1.0% to 6.8% after AA pretreatment. Lignin was acetylated and its molecular weight decreased from 12,211 to 2871 g/mol after AA pretreatment. The increase of S/G ratio, phenolic hydroxyl, and condensed units of lignin after AA pretreatment might be reasons for this intensified inhibition. The results advanced our understanding of the structural and inhibitory properties of lignin after production of XOS from poplar with AA pretreatment, and provided references for efficient cellulase hydrolysis of poplar after AA pretreatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinye Wang
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yong Xu
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; Key Laboratory of Forestry Genetics & Biotechnology (Nanjing Forestry University), Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Xianzhi Meng
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996-2200, USA
| | - Yunqiao Pu
- Joint Institute for Biological Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
| | - Arthur Ragauskas
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996-2200, USA; Joint Institute for Biological Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
| | - Junhua Zhang
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China; Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; Key Laboratory of Forestry Genetics & Biotechnology (Nanjing Forestry University), Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210037, China.
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26
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Swart LJ, Bedzo OKK, van Rensburg E, Görgens JF. Intensification of Xylo-oligosaccharides Production by Hydrothermal Treatment of Brewer's Spent Grains: The Use of Extremely Low Acid Catalyst for Reduction of Degradation Products Associated with High Solid Loading. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2021; 193:1979-2003. [PMID: 33534043 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-021-03525-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Brewers' spent grains (BSG) make up to 85% of a brewery's solid waste, and is either sent to landfill or sold as cheap animal feed supplement. Xylo-oligosaccharides (XOS) obtained from BSG are antioxidants and prebiotics that can be used in food formulations as low-calorie sweeteners and texturisers. The effect of extremely low acid (ELA) catalysis in liquid hot water (LHW) hydrothermal treatment (HTT) was assessed using BSG with dry matter contents of 15% and 25%, achieved by dewatering using a screw press. Batch experiments at low acid loadings of 5, 12.5 and 20 mg/g dry mass and temperatures of 120, 150 and 170 °C significantly affected XOS yield at both levels of dry mass considered. Maximum XOS yields of 76.4% (16.6 g/l) and 65.5% (31.7 g/l) were achieved from raw BSG and screw pressed BSG respectively, both at 170 °C and using 5 mg acid/g dry mass, after 15 min and 5 min, respectively. These XOS yields were obtained with BSG containing up to 63% less water and temperatures more than 20 °C lower than that reported previously. The finding confirms that ELA dosing in LHW HTT allows lowering of the required temperature that can result in a reduction of degradation products, which is especially relevant under high solid conditions. This substantial XOS production intensification through higher solid loadings in HTT not only achieved high product yield, but also provided benefits such as increased product concentrations and decreased process heat requirements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas J Swart
- Department of Process Engineering, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Stellenbosch, 7602, South Africa
| | - Oscar K K Bedzo
- Department of Process Engineering, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Stellenbosch, 7602, South Africa.
| | - Eugéne van Rensburg
- Department of Process Engineering, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Stellenbosch, 7602, South Africa
| | - Johann F Görgens
- Department of Process Engineering, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Stellenbosch, 7602, South Africa
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27
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Brenelli LB, Figueiredo FL, Damasio A, Franco TT, Rabelo SC. An integrated approach to obtain xylo-oligosaccharides from sugarcane straw: From lab to pilot scale. Bioresour Technol 2020; 313:123637. [PMID: 32535521 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.123637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Sugarcane straw (SS) is a widely available agricultural processing feedstock with the potential to produce 2nd generation bioethanol and bioproducts, in addition to the more conventional use for heat and/or electrical power generation. In this study, we investigated the operational parameters to maximize the production of xylo-oligosaccharides (XOS) using mild deacetylation, followed by hydrothermal pretreatment. From the laboratory to the pilot-scale, the optimized two-stage pretreatment promoted 81.5% and 70.5% hemicellulose solubilization and led to XOS yields up to 9.8% and 9.1% (w/w of initial straw), respectively. Moreover, different fungal xylanases were also tested to hydrolyze XOS into xylobiose (X2) and xylotriose (X3). GH10 from Aspergillus nidulans performed better than GH11 xylanases and the ratio of the desired products (X2 + X3) increased to 72% due to minimal monomeric sugar formation. Furthermore, a cellulose-rich fraction was obtained, which can be used in other high value-added applications, such as for the production of cello-oligomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lívia B Brenelli
- Brazilian Biorenewables National Laboratory (LNBR), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Giuseppe Máximo Scolfaro, 10.000, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil; Interdisciplinary Center of Energy Planning, University of Campinas, Cora Coralina, 330, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernanda L Figueiredo
- Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - André Damasio
- Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Telma T Franco
- Interdisciplinary Center of Energy Planning, University of Campinas, Cora Coralina, 330, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sarita C Rabelo
- Department of Bioprocess and Biotechnology, College of Agricultural Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Avenida Universitária, 3780 Altos do Paraíso, São Paulo, Brazil.
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28
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Gérard D, Méline T, Muzard M, Deleu M, Plantier-Royon R, Rémond C. Enzymatically-synthesized xylo-oligosaccharides laurate esters as surfactants of interest. Carbohydr Res 2020; 495:108090. [PMID: 32807358 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2020.108090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Lipase-catalyzed synthesis of xylo-oligosaccharides esters from pure xylobiose, xylotriose and xylotetraose in the presence of vinyl laurate was investigated. The influence of different experimental parameters such as the loading of lipase, the reaction duration or the use of a co-solvent was studied and the reaction conditions were optimized with xylobiose. Under the best conditions, a regioselective esterification occurred to yield a monoester with the acyl chain at the OH-4 of the xylose unit at the non-reducing end. Surface-active properties of these pure xylo-oligosaccharides fatty esters have been evaluated. They display interesting surfactant activities that differ according to the degree of polymerization (DP) of the glycone moiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Gérard
- Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne, INRAE, FARE, UMR A 614, Chaire AFERE, 51686, Reims, France; Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de Reims, CNRS UMR 7312, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, 51687, Reims Cedex, France
| | - T Méline
- Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne, INRAE, FARE, UMR A 614, Chaire AFERE, 51686, Reims, France
| | - M Muzard
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de Reims, CNRS UMR 7312, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, 51687, Reims Cedex, France
| | - M Deleu
- Université de Liège, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, Laboratoire de Biophysique Moléculaire Aux Interfaces, 2 Passage des Déportés, B-5030, Gembloux, Belgium
| | - R Plantier-Royon
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de Reims, CNRS UMR 7312, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, 51687, Reims Cedex, France
| | - C Rémond
- Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne, INRAE, FARE, UMR A 614, Chaire AFERE, 51686, Reims, France.
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29
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Dai H, Leung CE, Corradini MG, Xiao H, Kinchla AJ. Increasing the nutritional value of strawberry puree by adding xylo-oligosaccharides. Heliyon 2020; 6:e03769. [PMID: 32373726 PMCID: PMC7193321 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e03769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study identified the threshold concentration of xylo-oligosaccharides (XOS) that resulted in minimal quality changes (rheology, color, water activity, pH, and total soluble solids) in strawberry puree. Optimization of XOS concentration to 5% (w/w) did not significantly alter the quality attributes of the strawberry puree. In addition, this study also monitored the rheological properties, composition (total soluble solids, total phenolic content, flavonoids, and tannin content), physicochemical attributes (color, water activity, pH) and sensorial properties of XOS-enhanced (5%, w/w) strawberry puree after thermal processing (HTST: 75 °C, 15s and UHT: 121 °C, 2s) and storage after 1, 15, and 36 days at 4 °C and 55 °C. At 5% (w/w) concentration, the addition of XOS increased consumer preference without significantly compromising quality attributes. Thermally treated strawberry puree (HTST and UHT) were less preferred by consumers than fresh puree. However, all strawberry samples incorporated with XOS (5%, w/w) received statistically higher scores than the samples without the XOS addition. Thus, the proposed supplementation of strawberry puree with XOS could be a viable solution to increase consumers' dietary fiber intake with little need for behavioral changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haochen Dai
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 346 Chenoweth Laboratory, 102 Holdsworth Way, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA
| | - Caroline E. Leung
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 346 Chenoweth Laboratory, 102 Holdsworth Way, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA
| | - Maria G. Corradini
- Department of Food Science, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Hang Xiao
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 346 Chenoweth Laboratory, 102 Holdsworth Way, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA
| | - Amanda J. Kinchla
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 346 Chenoweth Laboratory, 102 Holdsworth Way, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA
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Bhatia R, Winters A, Bryant DN, Bosch M, Clifton-Brown J, Leak D, Gallagher J. Pilot-scale production of xylo-oligosaccharides and fermentable sugars from Miscanthus using steam explosion pretreatment. Bioresour Technol 2020; 296:122285. [PMID: 31715557 PMCID: PMC6920740 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.122285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Revised: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated pilot-scale production of xylo-oligosaccharides (XOS) and fermentable sugars from Miscanthus using steam explosion (SE) pretreatment. SE conditions (200 °C; 15 bar; 10 min) led to XOS yields up to 52 % (w/w of initial xylan) in the hydrolysate. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry demonstrated that the solubilised XOS contained bound acetyl- and hydroxycinnamate residues, physicochemical properties known for high prebiotic effects and anti-oxidant activity in nutraceutical foods. Enzymatic hydrolysis of XOS-rich hydrolysate with commercial endo-xylanases resulted in xylobiose yields of 380 to 500 g/kg of initial xylan in the biomass after only 4 h, equivalent to ~74 to 90 % conversion of XOS into xylobiose. Fermentable glucose yields from enzymatic hydrolysis of solid residues were 8 to 9-fold higher than for untreated material. In view of an integrated biorefinery, we demonstrate the potential for efficient utilisation of Miscanthus for the production of renewable sources, including biochemicals and biofuels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakesh Bhatia
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences (IBERS), Aberystwyth University, Plas Gogerddan, Aberystwyth SY23 3EE, UK.
| | - Ana Winters
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences (IBERS), Aberystwyth University, Plas Gogerddan, Aberystwyth SY23 3EE, UK
| | - David N Bryant
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences (IBERS), Aberystwyth University, Plas Gogerddan, Aberystwyth SY23 3EE, UK
| | - Maurice Bosch
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences (IBERS), Aberystwyth University, Plas Gogerddan, Aberystwyth SY23 3EE, UK
| | - John Clifton-Brown
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences (IBERS), Aberystwyth University, Plas Gogerddan, Aberystwyth SY23 3EE, UK
| | - David Leak
- Department of Biology & Biochemistry, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Joe Gallagher
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences (IBERS), Aberystwyth University, Plas Gogerddan, Aberystwyth SY23 3EE, UK
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Zhang W, Lei F, Li P, Zhang X, Jiang J. Co-catalysis of magnesium chloride and ferrous chloride for xylo-oligosaccharides and glucose production from sugarcane bagasse. Bioresour Technol 2019; 291:121839. [PMID: 31376673 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.121839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Revised: 07/13/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Inorganic salt treatment is a novel, high-yield, and environmentally friendly approach for the production of xylo-oligosaccharides from Sugarcane bagasse with degree of polymerization of 2-5. A xylo-oligosaccharides yield of 53.79% was obtained with 0.1 M MgCl2 treatment at 180 °C/10 min, and 41.89% with 0.1 M FeCl2 treatment at 140 °C/30 min. The xylo-oligosaccharides yield from the co-catalysis of 0.05 M FeCl2 + 0.05 M MgCl2 reached 54.68% (29.34% xylobiose and 20.94% xylotriose) at 140 °C/30 min. The co-catalysis not only effectively improved the xylobiose and xylotriose contents but also increased the total yield of xylo-oligosaccharides under mild reaction conditions. Additionally, the glucose yield observed from the solid residue after inorganic salt treatment was 71.62% by enzymatic hydrolysis. Mg2+ and Fe2+ are essential for good human health without separation from the system, therefore, the inorganic salt treatment can be potentially applied in the co-production of xylo-oligosaccharides and glucose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, MOE Engineering Research Center of Forestry Biomass Materials and Bioenergy, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Fuhou Lei
- GuangXi Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Engineering of Forest Products, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University for Nationalities, Nanning 530006, China
| | - Pengfei Li
- GuangXi Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Engineering of Forest Products, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University for Nationalities, Nanning 530006, China
| | - Xiankun Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, MOE Engineering Research Center of Forestry Biomass Materials and Bioenergy, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Jianxin Jiang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, MOE Engineering Research Center of Forestry Biomass Materials and Bioenergy, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.
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Pelpolage SW, Goto Y, Nagata R, Fukuma N, Furuta T, Mizu M, Han KH, Fukushima M. Colonic fermentation of water soluble fiber fraction extracted from sugarcane (Sacchurum officinarum L.) bagasse in murine models. Food Chem 2019; 292:336-45. [PMID: 31054683 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.04.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Revised: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Biochemical effects of the water soluble fiber fraction of sugarcane bagasse (BSF) fermented in the colon was examined to evaluate its potential health promoting effects. A feeding experiment involving Fischer 344 rats, was conducted with 3 experimental diets containing, cellulose (CON), a commercial xylo-oligosaccharide (XYO) and BSF (BGS). Cumulative feed intake was significantly lower in XYO group while cecal weight was significantly higher. Acetic and propionic acid contents in the cecal content were significantly higher in the BGS and XYO, respectively. Total short chain fatty acid content was significantly higher in BGS and XYO resulting significantly lower cecal pH. Beneficial bacteria such as Bifidobacterium, Blautia, Akkermansia and Roseburia abundance was significantly higher in the XYO and BGS groups. Further, mucin and immunoglobulin-A contents were significantly higher in BGS group compared to CON group. Thus, BSF exhibited its ability to enhance the intestinal and systemic health upon fermentation in the colon.
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Carvalho AFA, Marcondes WF, de Oliva Neto P, Pastore GM, Saddler JN, Arantes V. The potential of tailoring the conditions of steam explosion to produce xylo-oligosaccharides from sugarcane bagasse. Bioresour Technol 2018; 250:221-229. [PMID: 29174899 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.11.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2017] [Revised: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the potential of the steam explosion (SE) method to produce high levels XOS from sugarcane bagasse, a xylan-rich hemicellulosic feedstock, was assessed. The effect of different operating conditions on XOS production yield and selectivity were investigated using a mini-pilot scale SE unit. The results show that even under a non-optimized condition (190 °C, 5 min and 0.5% H2SO4 as catalyst), SE led to about 40% xylan recovery as XOS, which was comparable to the well-known, multi-step, enzymatic production of XOS from alkaline-extracted xylan, and other commonly employed chemical methods. In addition, the XOS-rich hydrolysate from SE constituted of greater diversity in the degree of polymerization, which has been shown to be desirable for prebiotic application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Flavia Azevedo Carvalho
- Department of Wood Science, Forest Sciences Centre, University of British Columbia, 2424 Main Mall, V6TIZ4 Vancouver, BC, Canada; Associated Laboratory of Bioenergy Research Institute (IPBEN), Bioprocess Unit, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Av. Dom Antonio, 2100, 19806-380 Assis, SP, Brazil; Department of Food Science, School of Food Engineering, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Rua Monteiro Lobato, 80, 13083-862 Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Wilian Fioreli Marcondes
- Department of Biotechnology, Lorena School of Engineering, University of São Paulo (USP), Lorena, SP, Brazil
| | - Pedro de Oliva Neto
- Associated Laboratory of Bioenergy Research Institute (IPBEN), Bioprocess Unit, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Av. Dom Antonio, 2100, 19806-380 Assis, SP, Brazil
| | - Glaucia Maria Pastore
- Department of Food Science, School of Food Engineering, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Rua Monteiro Lobato, 80, 13083-862 Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Jack N Saddler
- Department of Wood Science, Forest Sciences Centre, University of British Columbia, 2424 Main Mall, V6TIZ4 Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Valdeir Arantes
- Department of Biotechnology, Lorena School of Engineering, University of São Paulo (USP), Lorena, SP, Brazil.
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Li H, Wu H, Jiang F, Wu J, Xue Y, Gan L, Liu J, Long M. Heterologous Expression and Characterization of an Acidic GH11 Family Xylanase from Hypocrea orientalis. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2018; 184:228-38. [PMID: 28674832 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-017-2532-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Accepted: 06/05/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
A gene encoding glycoside hydrolase family 11 xylanase (HoXyn11B) from Hypocrea orientalis EU7-22 was expressed in Pichia pastoris with a high activity (413 IU/ml). HoXyn11B was partly N-glycosylated and appeared two protein bands (19-29 kDa) on SDS-PAGE. The recombinant enzyme exhibited optimal activity at pH 4.5 and 55 °C, and retained more than 90% of the original activity after incubation at 50 °C for 60 min. The determined apparent K m and V max values using beechwood xylan were 10.43 mg/ml and 3246.75 IU/mg, respectively. The modes of action of recombinant HoXyn11B on xylo-oligosaccharides (XOSs) and beechwood xylan were investigated by thin-layer chromatography (TLC), high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS), which indicated that the modes of action of HoXyn11B are different from HoXyn11A since it is able to release a significant amount of xylose from various substrates. This study provides an opportunity to better understand the hydrolysis mechanisms of xylan by xylanases from Trichoderma.
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Pu J, Zhao X, Xiao L, Zhao H. Development and validation of a HILIC-ELSD method for simultaneous analysis of non-substituted and acetylated xylo-oligosaccharides. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2017; 139:232-7. [PMID: 28292682 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2017.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Revised: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 03/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
A new HILIC-ELSD method was developed for compositional analysis of both xylo-oligosaccharides (XOS) with degree of polymerization (DP) from 2 to 8 and acetylated XOS with DP from 3 to 8. The method was carried out on a zwitterionic HILIC column using ELSD as a detector. The influences of mobile phase composition, column temperature and flow rate on the retention time and resolution of XOS were investigated. An excellent separation result was achieved with a linear gradient elution of 75%-50% acetonitrile in 30min, at a flow rate of 1mL/min and the column temperature at 35°C. In addition, LC-ESI-MS was employed to determine the structural information of X7, X8 and acetylated XOS. The proposed method was simple, reliable, and no derivatization procedure was needed. It is suitable for compositional analysis and quality control of XOS.
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Carvalho EA, Dos Santos Góes LM, Uetanabaro APT, da Silva EGP, Rodrigues LB, Pirovani CP, da Costa AM. Thermoresistant xylanases from Trichoderma stromaticum: Application in bread making and manufacturing xylo-oligosaccharides. Food Chem 2016; 221:1499-1506. [PMID: 27979121 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.10.144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2016] [Revised: 10/13/2016] [Accepted: 10/28/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The enzymes Xyl1 and Xyl2 from T. stromaticum were purified and identified by mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF/MS). Xyl1 contained three proteins with similarity to xylanase family 10, 62 and anarabinofuranosidase of the Trichoderma genus and Xyl2 contained a protein with similarity to endo-1,4-β-xylanase. High xylanase activity was found at 50°C for Xyl1 and 60°C for Xyl2 and pH 5.0 for both, retaining more than 80% of activities for one hour at 60°C and pH 5-8. Ag2+ and β-mercaptoethanol increased while SDS and EDTA inhibited the xylanase activity of both Xyl1 and Xyl2 extracts. The Km and Vmax values for purified Xyl2 were 9.6mg/mL and 28.57μmol/min/mg, respectively. In application tests, both Xyl1 and Xyl2 were effective in degrading beechwood xylan to produce xylo-oligosaccharides. In baking, adding Xyl1 increased the softness and volume of wheat bread and whole grain bread, qualities increasingly desired by consumers in this segment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elck Almeida Carvalho
- Food Technology Center, Instituto Federal Baiano, Uruçuca, Bahia, Brazil; Department of Biological Sciences, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, 45662-900 Ilhéus, Bahia, Brazil
| | | | - Ana Paula T Uetanabaro
- Department of Biological Sciences, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, 45662-900 Ilhéus, Bahia, Brazil
| | | | - Luciano Brito Rodrigues
- Departament of Animal and Rural Technology, Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia, Itapetinga, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Carlos Priminho Pirovani
- Department of Biological Sciences, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, 45662-900 Ilhéus, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Andréa Miura da Costa
- Department of Biological Sciences, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, 45662-900 Ilhéus, Bahia, Brazil.
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Pontonio E, Mahony J, Di Cagno R, O'Connell Motherway M, Lugli GA, O'Callaghan A, De Angelis M, Ventura M, Gobbetti M, van Sinderen D. Cloning, expression and characterization of a β-D-xylosidase from Lactobacillus rossiae DSM 15814(T). Microb Cell Fact 2016; 15:72. [PMID: 27142164 PMCID: PMC4855831 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-016-0473-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2016] [Accepted: 04/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Among the oligosaccharides that may positively affect the gut microbiota, xylo-oligosaccharides (XOS) and arabinoxylan oligosaccharides (AXOS) possess promising functional properties. Ingestion of XOS has been reported to contribute to anti-oxidant, anti-bacterial, immune-modulatory and anti-diabetic activities. Because of the structural complexity and chemical heterogeneity, complete degradation of xylan-containing plant polymers requires the synergistic activity of several enzymes. Endo-xylanases and β-D-xylosidases, collectively termed xylanases, represent the two key enzymes responsible for the sequential hydrolysis of xylan. Xylanase cocktails are used on an industrial scale for biotechnological purposes. Lactobacillus rossiae DSM 15814(T) can utilize an extensive set of carbon sources, an ability that is likely to contribute to its adaptive ability. In this study, the capacity of this strain to utilize XOS, xylan, D-xylose and L-arabinose was investigated. RESULTS Genomic and transcriptomic analyses revealed the presence of two gene clusters, designated xyl and ara, encoding proteins predicted to be responsible for XOS uptake and hydrolysis and D-xylose utilization, and L-arabinose metabolism, respectively. The deduced amino acid sequence of one of the genes of the xyl gene cluster, LROS_1108 (designated here as xylA), shows high similarity to (predicted) β-D-xylosidases encoded by various lactic acid bacteria, and belongs to glycosyl hydrolase family 43. Heterologously expressed XylA was shown to completely hydrolyse XOS to xylose and showed optimal activity at pH 6.0 and 40 °C. Furthermore, β-D-xylosidase activity of L. rossiae DSM 15814(T) was also measured under sourdough conditions. CONCLUSIONS This study highlights the ability of L. rossiae DSM 15814(T) to utilize XOS, which is a very useful trait when selecting starters with specific metabolic performances for sourdough fermentation or as probiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica Pontonio
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Science, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via G. Amendola 165/A, 70126, Bari, Italy
| | - Jennifer Mahony
- School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Raffaella Di Cagno
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Science, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via G. Amendola 165/A, 70126, Bari, Italy.
| | - Mary O'Connell Motherway
- School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,Alimentary Pharmabiotic Centre, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Gabriele Andrea Lugli
- Laboratory of Probiogenomics, Department of Life Sciences, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Amy O'Callaghan
- School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,Alimentary Pharmabiotic Centre, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Maria De Angelis
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Science, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via G. Amendola 165/A, 70126, Bari, Italy
| | - Marco Ventura
- Laboratory of Probiogenomics, Department of Life Sciences, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Marco Gobbetti
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Science, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via G. Amendola 165/A, 70126, Bari, Italy
| | - Douwe van Sinderen
- School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,Alimentary Pharmabiotic Centre, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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Martínez PM, Appeldoorn MM, Gruppen H, Kabel MA. The two Rasamsonia emersonii α-glucuronidases, ReGH67 and ReGH115, show a different mode-of-action towards glucuronoxylan and glucurono xylo-oligosaccharides. Biotechnol Biofuels 2016; 9:105. [PMID: 27195020 PMCID: PMC4870768 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-016-0519-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2016] [Accepted: 05/05/2016] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The production of biofuels and biochemicals from grass-type plant biomass requires a complete utilisation of the plant cellulose and hemicellulosic xylan via enzymatic degradation to their constituent monosaccharides. Generally, physical and/or thermochemical pretreatments are performed to enable access for the subsequent added carbohydrate-degrading enzymes. Nevertheless, partly substituted xylan structures remain after pretreatment, in particular the ones substituted with (4-O-methyl-)glucuronic acids (UAme). Hence, α-glucuronidases play an important role in the degradation of UAmexylan structures facilitating the complete utilisation of plant biomass. The characterisation of α-glucuronidases is a necessity to find the right enzymes to improve degradation of recalcitrant UAmexylan structures. RESULTS The mode-of-action of two α-glucuronidases was demonstrated, both obtained from the fungus Rasamsonia emersonii; one belonging to the glycoside hydrolase (GH) family 67 (ReGH67) and the other to GH115 (ReGH115). Both enzymes functioned optimal at around pH 4 and 70 °C. ReGH67 was able to release UAme from UAme-substituted xylo-oligosaccharides (UAmeXOS), but only the UAme linked to the non-reducing end xylosyl residue was cleaved. In particular, in a mixture of oligosaccharides, UAmeXOS having a degree of polymerisation (DP) of two were hydrolysed to a further extent than longer UAmeXOS (DP 3-4). On the contrary, ReGH115 was able to release UAme from both polymeric UAmexylan and UAmeXOS. ReGH115 cleaved UAme from both internal and non-reducing end xylosyl residues, with the exception of UAme attached to the non-reducing end of a xylotriose oligosaccharide. CONCLUSION In this research, and for the first time, we define the mode-of-action of two α-glucuronidases from two different GH families both from the ascomycete R. emersonii. To date, only four α-glucuronidases classified in GH115 are characterised. ReGH67 showed limited substrate specificity towards only UAmeXOS, cleaving UAme only when attached to the non-reducing end xylosyl residue. ReGH115 was much less substrate specific compared to ReGH67, because UAme was released from both polymeric UAmexylan and UAmeXOS, from both internal and non-reducing end xylosyl residues. The characterisation of the mode-of-action of these two α-glucuronidases helps understand how R. emersonii attacks UAmexylan in plant biomass and the knowledge presented is valuable to improve enzyme cocktails for biorefinery applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Murciano Martínez
- />Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Wageningen University, Bornse Weilanden 9, 6708 WG Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Maaike M. Appeldoorn
- />DSM Biotechnology Center, Alexander Fleminglaan 1, 2613 AX Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Harry Gruppen
- />Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Wageningen University, Bornse Weilanden 9, 6708 WG Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Mirjam A. Kabel
- />Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Wageningen University, Bornse Weilanden 9, 6708 WG Wageningen, The Netherlands
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Chen W, Guo C, Hussain S, Zhu B, Deng F, Xue Y, Geng M, Wu L. Role of xylo-oligosaccharides in protection against salinity-induced adversities in Chinese cabbage. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2016; 23:1254-64. [PMID: 26358207 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-5361-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2015] [Accepted: 09/02/2015] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Soil salinity is a stringent abiotic constraint limiting crop growth and productivity. The present study was carried out to appraise the role of xylo-oligosaccharides (XOSs) in improving the salinity tolerance of Chinese cabbage. Salinity stress (0.5% NaCl solution) and four levels (0, 40, 80, 120 mg L(-1)) of XOSs were imposed on 20-day-old plants cultured under controlled conditions. Salinity stress decreased the aboveground fresh biomass, photosynthesis, transpiration rate, stomatal conductance, internal CO2 concentration, water use efficiency, and chlorophyll contents but increased the stomatal limitation value of Chinese cabbage compared with control. Such physiological interferences, disturbances in plant water relations, and visually noticeable growth reductions in Chinese cabbage were significantly alleviated by the addition of XOSs under salinity stress. Under salinity stress, application of XOSs significantly enhanced the activities of enzymatic (superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, catalase) and non-enzymatic (ascorbate, carotene) antioxidants and reduced the malondialdehyde content in the leaves of Chinese cabbage. The XOS-applied plants under salinity stress also recorded higher soluble sugars, proline, and soluble protein content in their leaves. Exposure of salinity stress increased the ratio of Na(+)/K(+), Na(+)/Ca(2+), and Na(+)/Mg(2+) in shoot as well as root of Chinese cabbage, however, XOS application significantly reduced these ratios particularly in shoot. Lower levels of XOSs (40 or 80 mg L(-1)) were more effective for most of the studied attributes. The greater salinity tolerance and better growth in these treatments were related with enhanced antioxidative defense system, reduced lipid peroxidation, increased osmolyte accumulation, and maintenance of ionic balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Chen
- Microelement Research Center, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Chen Guo
- Microelement Research Center, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Saddam Hussain
- Microelement Research Center, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
| | - Bingxin Zhu
- Microelement Research Center, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Fang Deng
- Microelement Research Center, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Yan Xue
- Microelement Research Center, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Mingjian Geng
- Microelement Research Center, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Lishu Wu
- Microelement Research Center, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
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McCleary BV, McGeough P. A Comparison of Polysaccharide Substrates and Reducing Sugar Methods for the Measurement of endo-1,4-β-Xylanase. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2015; 177:1152-63. [PMID: 26289020 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-015-1803-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2015] [Accepted: 08/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The most commonly used method for the measurement of the level of endo-xylanase in commercial enzyme preparations is the 3,5-dinitrosalicylic acid (DNS) reducing sugar method with birchwood xylan as substrate. It is well known that with the DNS method, much higher enzyme activity values are obtained than with the Nelson-Somogyi (NS) reducing sugar method. In this paper, we have compared the DNS and NS reducing sugar assays using a range of xylan-type substrates and accurately compared the molar response factors for xylose and a range of xylo-oligosaccharides. Purified beechwood xylan or wheat arabinoxylan is shown to be a suitable replacement for birchwood xylan which is no longer commercially available, and it is clearly demonstrated that the DNS method grossly overestimates endo-xylanase activity. Unlike the DNS assay, the NS assay gave the equivalent colour response with equimolar amounts of xylose, xylobiose, xylotriose and xylotetraose demonstrating that it accurately measures the quantity of glycosidic bonds cleaved by the endo-xylanase. The authors strongly recommend cessation of the use of the DNS assay for measurement of endo-xylanase due to the fact that the values obtained are grossly overestimated due to secondary reactions in colour development.
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Lasrado LD, Gudipati M. Antioxidant property of synbiotic combination of Lactobacillus sp. and wheat bran xylo-oligosaccharides. J Food Sci Technol 2015; 52:4551-7. [PMID: 26139924 PMCID: PMC4486558 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-014-1481-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 07/10/2014] [Accepted: 07/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Wheat bran water unextractable portion (WB-WUP) was subjected to xylanase treatment to obtain a mixture of xylo-oligosaccharides (XOS). XOS mixture was purified on charcoal-celite column and the individual oligosaccharides were separated on a Bio-Gel P-2 column. The sugar composition of the purified oligosaccharides was determined by GLC and their structure was deduced by ESI-MS and (1)H and (13)C NMR. The major oligosaccharides identified were xylobiose and xylotriose (consisting of arabinose). Five strains of lactobacilli (probiotics), XOS (prebiotics) and a combination of both (synbiotics) in milk (as medium) were monitored for antioxidant activity. DPPH radical scavenging activity (~70 %) as well as ferric reducing power (~80 mg/100 ml FeSO4eq) were significantly higher (p < 0.05) in all the synbiotic preparations compared to that of control. The present study indicated that the synbiotic preparations consisting of XOS and lactobacilli can be effectively used as dietary supplement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lyned D. Lasrado
- Department of Biochemistry and Nutrition, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore, 570020, Karnataka India
| | - Muralikrishna Gudipati
- Department of Biochemistry and Nutrition, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore, 570020, Karnataka India
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Kapoor RK, Rajan K, Carrier DJ. Applications of Trametes versicolor crude culture filtrates in detoxification of biomass pretreatment hydrolyzates. Bioresour Technol 2015; 189:99-106. [PMID: 25876229 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2015.03.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2015] [Revised: 03/20/2015] [Accepted: 03/21/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Laccases have wide range of substrate specificity and find applications from pulp industry to waste water remediation. Laccases have also been used in combined pretreatment of biomass hydrolyzates to remove enzymatic and fermentation inhibitors. In this study, laccase production by Trametes versicolor strains isolated from different regions of the United States was induced using copper salts. T. versicolor crude culture filtrates (CCF), without any purification step, were tested for removal of model inhibitor compounds as well as in poplar and rice straw pretreatment hydrolyzates. Phenolic inhibitors were removed by 76% and 94% from the dilute acid hydrolyzates of rice straw and poplar, respectively, when incubated with the CCF for 12h, at room temperature. Xylo-oligosaccharide concentrations present in rice straw hydrolyzates were reduced by 64% when incubated with T. versicolor CCF. T. versicolor CCF could be a low cost technology for decreasing enzymatic and fermentation inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajeev Kumar Kapoor
- Department of Microbiology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, India
| | - Kalavathy Rajan
- Department of Food Science, University of Arkansas, 2650 N Young Ave, Fayetteville, AR 72704, USA
| | - Danielle Julie Carrier
- Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, 203 White Engineering Hall, 1 University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA.
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Pourabedin M, Guan L, Zhao X. Xylo-oligosaccharides and virginiamycin differentially modulate gut microbial composition in chickens. Microbiome 2015; 3:15. [PMID: 25874109 PMCID: PMC4396176 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-015-0079-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2014] [Accepted: 03/26/2015] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The emergence and spread of antibiotic resistance in pathogens have led to a restriction on the use of antibiotic growth promoters (AGPs) in animal feed in some countries. The potential negative after-effects of a ban on AGPs could be mitigated by improving animal intestinal health with prebiotic dietary fibers such as xylo-oligosaccharides (XOS). However, the mechanism(s) by which an antibiotic or prebiotic contributes to the health and growth of animals are not well understood. Here, we evaluated XOS and virginiamycin (VIRG)-mediated changes in gut microbiota of broiler chickens using pyrosequencing of the 16S rRNA gene. RESULTS There was a significant change in the relative abundance of certain bacteria, but the overall microbial diversity was not affected by treatment with either XOS or VIRG. Supplementation of HXOS (2 g XOS/kg diet) increased the proportion of Lactobacillus genus in the cecum, whereas Propionibacterium and Corynebacterium genera were enriched in the ileum of VIRG (16 mg/kg) treated birds. Furthermore, an increase in the cecal concentrations of acetate and propionate was observed in HXOS- and VIRG-fed chickens, respectively. These two groups of birds had better feed conversion efficiencies in comparison with the control group from day 7 to 21. In addition, temporal variations in the gut microbiota were evident in the chickens of different ages. CONCLUSIONS Treatments with XOS or VIRG modified the relative abundance but not the presence or absence of specific microbial genus. The increase in both Lactobacillus spp. and acetate production in the cecum of HXOS-treated chickens may promote intestinal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Pourabedin
- />Department of Animal Science, McGill University, 21111 Lakeshore Road, Ste-Anne-De-Bellevue, Quebec Canada
| | - Leluo Guan
- />Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, 116 St. and 85 Ave., Edmonton, Alberta Canada
| | - Xin Zhao
- />Department of Animal Science, McGill University, 21111 Lakeshore Road, Ste-Anne-De-Bellevue, Quebec Canada
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Bandikari R, Poondla V, Obulam VSR. Enhanced production of xylanase by solid state fermentation using Trichoderma koeningi isolate: effect of pretreated agro-residues. 3 Biotech 2014; 4:655-664. [PMID: 28324314 PMCID: PMC4235890 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-014-0239-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2014] [Accepted: 07/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The main objective of this study was to isolate the fungal strain for enhanced production of xylanase using different agro-residues and fruit peels by solid state fermentation and its potentiality was tested on the pretreated corn cob. Fermentation was carried out with Trichoderma koeningi isolate using untreated and pretreated corn cob supplemented with pineapple peel powder showed higher production of xylanase 2,869.8 ± 0.4 (IU/g) and extracellular protein 7.6 ± 0.2 (mg/g) of corn cob, in the latter than the former yielding 1,347.2 ± 0.7 (IU/g) and 4.9 ± 0.1 (mg/g) of corn cob, respectively, at pH 6.5 and incubation period for 96 h. In the FT-IR spectrum, the bands at 1,155, 1,252 and 1,738 cm-1 had disappeared. This indicates the depolymerization of hemicellulose and the band at 1,053 cm-1 shows the presence of β (1-4)-xylan in the pretreated corn cobs. The pretreated biomass hydrolysed with a xylanase concentration of 14 U and 6 h incubation showed mainly xylose and its oligosaccharides, which were quantified using HPLC. From the results we can conclude that pretreated energy-value and cheaply available agro-residues can be effectively used as substrates for the enhanced production of xylanase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramesh Bandikari
- Department of Biochemistry, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati, 517 502, India
| | - Vijayakumar Poondla
- Department of Biochemistry, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati, 517 502, India
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Rajan K, Carrier DJ. Characterization of Rice Straw Prehydrolyzates and Their Effect on the Hydrolysis of Model Substrates Using a Commercial endo-Cellulase, β-Glucosidase and Cellulase Cocktail. ACS Sustain Chem Eng 2014; 2:2124-2130. [PMID: 25243103 PMCID: PMC4165551 DOI: 10.1021/sc5002947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2014] [Revised: 06/30/2014] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Pretreatment and enzymatic saccharification are two major upstream processes that affect the economic feasibility and sustainability of lignocellulosic biofuel production. Cellulase-inhibiting degradation products, generated during dilute acid pretreatment, increase enzyme usage, and therefore, it is essential to mitigate their production. In an attempt to elucidate the most deleterious degradation product to enzymatic hydrolysis, hydrolyzates were generated from rice straw, and their effect on enzyme activity was determined. Ground rice straw was subjected to the following pretreatments having a combined severity factor of 1.75: T1-160 °C, pH 1.7; T2-180 °C, pH 2.25; and T3-220 °C, pH 7.0. The liquid prehydrolyzates were freeze-dried, and their inhibitory effects on the activities of a commercial cellulase cocktail, endo-cellulase, and β-glucosidase were determined using filter paper, carboxymethyl cellulose, and cellobiose, respectively. Addition of 15 g L-1 of T1, T2, or T3 freeze-dried prehydrolyzates resulted in 67%, 57%, and 77% reduction in CMC-ase activity of endo-cellulase, respectively. In the presence of 35 g L-1 of T1, T2, or T3 prehydrolyzates, the filter paper activity of the cellulase cocktail was reduced by 64%, 68%, and 82%, respectively. Characterization of the freeze-dried prehydrolyzates showed that T3 had significantly higher xylo-oligosaccharides and total phenolic content than T2 and T1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalavathy Rajan
- Department
of Food Science, University of Arkansas, 2650 N. Young Ave, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72704, United States
| | - Danielle Julie Carrier
- Department
of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, University of Arkansas, 203 Engineering Hall, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, United
States
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Wang JL, Nie GX. Xylo-oligosaccharides and the gut micro-ecosystem. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2011; 19:710-717. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v19.i7.710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The human gastrointestinal microbiota is a complex micro-ecosystem. It influences a variety of intestinal functions and plays a key role in nutrition regulation, in maintaining the integrity of the epithelial barrier, and in the development of mucosal immunity. In the normal gut the population structure of the microbiota is relatively stable and the relationship between the microbiota and the host is mutually beneficial. The complex network of host-microbe interactions is thought to prohibit colonization by intruding pathogens and any disruption of the net may lead to the loss of the microecological balance which will bring about the relevant diseases. Xylo-oligosaccharides (XOS), an emerging food additive, cause prebiotic effects when ingested as part of the diet through the modulation of colonic microflora. XOS affect the gut health and remedy diseases related to intestinal microbe dysbiosis by promoting the growth of good bacteria and diminishing the growth of deleterious microorganisms.
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Madhukumar MS, Muralikrishna G. Fermentation of xylo-oligosaccharides obtained from wheat bran and Bengal gram husk by lactic acid bacteria and bifidobacteria. J Food Sci Technol 2011; 49:745-52. [PMID: 24293694 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-010-0226-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 12/16/2010] [Accepted: 12/29/2010] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Different strains of Bifidobacteria, Lactobacilli and Pediococci spp. were evaluated for their utilization of xylo-oligosaccharides derived from Bengal gram husk and wheat bran water extractable polysaccharides. The fermentation pattern of xylo-oligosaccharides by bacteria depends on the nature of xylo-oligosaccharides i.e. degree of polymerization and arabinose to xylose ratio as well as the bacterial strain tested, which inturn are very important for designing species-specific prebiotic xylo-oligosaccharides and synbiotic preparations for incorporation in various health foods. All the bacterial strains tested readily utilized xylo-oligosaccharides derived from bengal gram husk and wheat bran as indicated by the increase in (a) turbidity of the culture broth (b) xylanase, xylosidase and arabinosidase activities (c) dry cell mass and (d) the liberation of short chain fatty acids (SCFA). Acetate was found to be the major SCFA produced as the end product of fermentation and its amount varied from 75.4 to 100 mol%. Xylo-oligosaccharides derived from wheat bran were found to have better prebiotic activity compared to the one derived from Bengal gram husk and this can be ascribed to relatively high amount of arabinose.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Madhukumar
- Department of Biochemistry and Nutrition, Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore, 570020 Karnataka India
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