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Al-Aizari AA, Dewir YH, Ghazy AH, Al-Doss A, Al-Obeed RS. Micropropagation and Genetic Fidelity of Fegra Fig ( Ficus palmata Forssk.) and Grafting Compatibility of the Regenerated Plants with Ficus carica. Plants (Basel) 2024; 13:1278. [PMID: 38732493 PMCID: PMC11085510 DOI: 10.3390/plants13091278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 04/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
Ficus palmata is an important fig species that produces edible and nutritious fruit and possesses several therapeutic uses. This study reports an effective method for the micropropagation of F. palmata using nodal explants. In vitro shoots were cultured for 7 weeks onto MS medium fortified with different concentrations of cytokinins, light intensities, sucrose concentrations, and light/dark incubation treatments. Optimal axillary shoot proliferation (10.9 shoots per explant) was obtained on a medium containing 30 g/L sucrose and supplemented with 2 mg/L 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) under 35 μmol/m2/s light intensity. Dark incubation limited the foliage growth but favored shoot elongation and rooting compared with light incubation. Elongated shoots, under dark conditions, were rooted (100%; 6.67 roots per explant) onto MS medium containing 1 mg/L indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and 1.5 g/L activated charcoal. The micropropagated plantlets were acclimatized with a 95% survival rate. In this study, the genetic fidelity of micropropagated F. palmata clones along with their mother plant was tested using randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD), inter-simple sequence repeats (ISSR), and start codon targeted (SCoT) molecular markers. The genetic similarity between the micropropagated plantlets and the mother plant of F. palmata was nearly 95.9%, assuring high uniformity and true-to-type regenerated plants. Using micropropagated F. palmata plantlets as a rootstock proved appropriate for the grafting F. carica 'Brown Turkey'. These findings contribute to the commercial propagation and production of the fig crop.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yaser Hassan Dewir
- Plant Production Department, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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2
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Swenson ER, Burtscher M. Individual assessment of ventilatory acclimatization at high altitude. Exp Physiol 2024. [PMID: 38638075 DOI: 10.1113/ep091920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Erik R Swenson
- Department of Medicine, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Martin Burtscher
- Department of Sport Science, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
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Garrett EJ, Prasad SK, Schweizer RM, McClelland GB, Scott GR. Evolved changes in phenotype across skeletal muscles in deer mice native to high altitude. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2024; 326:R297-R310. [PMID: 38372126 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00206.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
The cold and hypoxic conditions at high altitude necessitate high metabolic O2 demands to support thermogenesis while hypoxia reduces O2 availability. Skeletal muscles play key roles in thermogenesis, but our appreciation of muscle plasticity and adaptation at high altitude has been hindered by past emphasis on only a small number of muscles. We examined this issue in deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus). Mice derived from both high-altitude and low-altitude populations were born and raised in captivity and then acclimated as adults to normoxia or hypobaric hypoxia (12 kPa O2 for 6-8 wk). Maximal activities of citrate synthase (CS), cytochrome c oxidase (COX), β-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase (HOAD), hexokinase (HK), pyruvate kinase (PK), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were measured in 20 muscles involved in shivering, locomotion, body posture, ventilation, and mastication. Principal components analysis revealed an overall difference in muscle phenotype between populations but no effect of hypoxia acclimation. High-altitude mice had greater activities of mitochondrial enzymes and/or lower activities of PK or LDH across many (but not all) respiratory, limb, core and mastication muscles compared with low-altitude mice. In contrast, chronic hypoxia had very few effects across muscles. Further examination of CS in the gastrocnemius showed that population differences in enzyme activity stemmed from differences in protein abundance and mRNA expression but not from population differences in CS amino acid sequence. Overall, our results suggest that evolved increases in oxidative capacity across many skeletal muscles, at least partially driven by differences in transcriptional regulation, may contribute to high-altitude adaptation in deer mice.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Most previous studies of muscle plasticity and adaptation in high-altitude environments have focused on a very limited number of skeletal muscles. Comparing high-altitude versus low-altitude populations of deer mice, we show that a large number of muscles involved in shivering, locomotion, body posture, ventilation, and mastication exhibit greater mitochondrial enzyme activities in the high-altitude population. Therefore, evolved increases in mitochondrial oxidative capacity across skeletal muscles contribute to high-altitude adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily J Garrett
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Srikripa K Prasad
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rena M Schweizer
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana, United States
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Pollinating Insects Research Unit, Utah State University, Logan, Utah, United States
| | | | - Graham R Scott
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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Holmström PK, Harman TS, Kalker A, Steiner B, Hawkins E, Jorgensen KC, Zhu KT, Kunwar AJ, Thakur N, Dhungel S, Sherpa N, Day TA, Schagatay EK, Bigham AW, Brutsaert TD. Differential splenic responses to hyperoxic breathing at high altitude in Sherpa and lowlanders. Exp Physiol 2024; 109:535-548. [PMID: 38180087 PMCID: PMC10988702 DOI: 10.1113/ep091579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
The human spleen contracts in response to stress-induced catecholamine secretion, resulting in a temporary rise in haemoglobin concentration ([Hb]). Recent findings highlighted enhanced splenic response to exercise at high altitude in Sherpa, possibly due to a blunted splenic response to hypoxia. To explore the potential blunted splenic contraction in Sherpas at high altitude, we examined changes in spleen volume during hyperoxic breathing, comparing acclimatized Sherpa with acclimatized individuals of lowland ancestry. Our study included 14 non-Sherpa (7 female) residing at altitude for a mean continuous duration of 3 months and 46 Sherpa (24 female) with an average of 4 years altitude exposure. Participants underwent a hyperoxic breathing test at altitude (4300 m; barrometric pressure = ∼430 torr;P O 2 ${P_{{{\mathrm{O}}_{\mathrm{2}}}}}$ = ∼90 torr). Throughout the test, we measured spleen volume using ultrasonography and monitored oxygen saturation (S p O 2 ${S_{{\mathrm{p}}{{\mathrm{O}}_{\mathrm{2}}}}}$ ). During rest, Sherpa exhibited larger spleens (226 ± 70 mL) compared to non-Sherpa (165 ± 34 mL; P < 0.001; effect size (ES) = 0.95, 95% CI: 0.3-1.6). In response to hyperoxia, non-Sherpa demonstrated 22 ± 12% increase in spleen size (35 ± 17 mL, 95% CI: 20.7-48.9; P < 0.001; ES = 1.8, 95% CI: 0.93-2.66), while spleen size remained unchanged in Sherpa (-2 ± 13 mL, 95% CI: -2.4 to 7.3; P = 0.640; ES = 0.18, 95% CI: -0.10 to 0.47). Our findings suggest that Sherpa and non-Sherpas of lowland ancestry exhibit distinct variations in spleen volume during hyperoxia at high altitude, potentially indicating two distinct splenic functions. In Sherpa, this phenomenon may signify a diminished splenic response to altitude-related hypoxia at rest, potentially contributing to enhanced splenic contractions during physical stress. Conversely, non-Sherpa experienced a transient increase in spleen size during hyperoxia, indicating an active tonic contraction, which may influence early altitude acclimatization in lowlanders by raising [Hb].
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Affiliation(s)
- Pontus K. Holmström
- Department of Health SciencesMid‐Sweden UniversityÖstersundSweden
- Department of Exercise ScienceSyracuse UniversitySyracuseNew YorkUSA
| | - Taylor S. Harman
- Department of AnthropologySyracuse UniversitySyracuseNew YorkUSA
| | - Anne Kalker
- Department of AnesthesiologyRadboud Medical CenterNijmegenNetherlands
| | - Bethany Steiner
- Department of Exercise ScienceSyracuse UniversitySyracuseNew YorkUSA
| | - Ella Hawkins
- Department of AnthropologySyracuse UniversitySyracuseNew YorkUSA
| | | | - Kimberly T. Zhu
- Department of AnthropologyUniversity of CaliforniaLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - Ajaya J. Kunwar
- Kathmandu Center for Genomics and Research LaboratoryGlobal Hospital, GwarkoLalitpurNepal
| | - Nilam Thakur
- Kathmandu Center for Genomics and Research LaboratoryGlobal Hospital, GwarkoLalitpurNepal
| | - Sunil Dhungel
- College of MedicineNepalese Army Institute of Health SciencesKathmanduNepal
| | - Nima Sherpa
- Local collaborator without institutional affiliation
| | - Trevor A. Day
- Department of BiologyFaculty of Science and TechnologyMount Royal UniversityCalgaryABCanada
| | | | - Abigail W. Bigham
- Department of AnthropologyUniversity of CaliforniaLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - Tom D. Brutsaert
- Department of Exercise ScienceSyracuse UniversitySyracuseNew YorkUSA
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Patrician A, Anholm JD, Ainslie PN. A narrative review of periodic breathing during sleep at high altitude: From acclimatizing lowlanders to adapted highlanders. J Physiol 2024. [PMID: 38534039 DOI: 10.1113/jp285427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Periodic breathing during sleep at high altitude is almost universal among sojourners. Here, in the context of acclimatization and adaptation, we provide a contemporary review on periodic breathing at high altitude, and explore whether this is an adaptive or maladaptive process. The mechanism(s), prevalence and role of periodic breathing in acclimatized lowlanders at high altitude are contrasted with the available data from adapted indigenous populations (e.g. Andean and Tibetan highlanders). It is concluded that (1) periodic breathing persists with acclimatization in lowlanders and the severity is proportional to sleeping altitude; (2) periodic breathing does not seem to coalesce with poor sleep quality such that, with acclimatization, there appears to be a lengthening of cycle length and minimal impact on the average sleeping oxygen saturation; and (3) high altitude adapted highlanders appear to demonstrate a blunting of periodic breathing, compared to lowlanders, comprising a feature that withstands the negative influences of chronic mountain sickness. These observations indicate that periodic breathing persists with high altitude acclimatization with no obvious negative consequences; however, periodic breathing is attenuated with high altitude adaptation and therefore potentially reflects an adaptive trait to this environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Patrician
- Centre for Heart, Lung and Vascular Health, School of Health and Exercise Sciences, University of British Columbia - Okanagan, Kelowna, BC, Canada
| | - James D Anholm
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Philip N Ainslie
- Centre for Heart, Lung and Vascular Health, School of Health and Exercise Sciences, University of British Columbia - Okanagan, Kelowna, BC, Canada
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Yang T, Amanullah S, Li S, Gao P, Bai J, Li C, Ma J, Luan F, Wang X. Deciphering the Genomic Characterization of the GGP Gene Family and Expression Verification of CmGGP1 Modulating Ascorbic Acid Biosynthesis in Melon Plants. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:397. [PMID: 38671845 PMCID: PMC11047344 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13040397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2024] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Ascorbic acid (AsA), also known as vitamin C, is a well-known antioxidant found in living entities that plays an essential role in growth and development, as well as in defensive mechanisms. GDP-L-galactose phosphorylase (GGP) is a candidate gene regulating AsA biosynthesis at the translational and transcriptional levels in plants. In the current study, we conducted genome-wide bioinformatic analysis and pinpointed a single AsA synthesis rate-limiting enzyme gene in melon (CmGGP1). The protein prediction analysis depicted that the CmGGP1 protein does not have a signaling peptide or transmembrane structure and mainly functions in the chloroplast or nucleus. The constructed phylogenetic tree analysis in multispecies showed that the CmGGP1 protein has a highly conserved motif in cucurbit crops. The structural variation analysis of the CmGGP1 gene in different domesticated melon germplasms showed a single non-synonymous type-base mutation and indicated that this gene was selected by domestication during evolution. Wild-type (WT) and landrace (LDR) germplasms of melon depicted close relationships to each other, and improved-type (IMP) varieties showed modern domestication selection. The endogenous quantification of AsA content in both the young and old leaves of nine melon varieties exhibited the major differentiations for AsA synthesis and metabolism. The real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) analysis of gene co-expression showed that AsA biosynthesis in leaves was greater than AsA metabolic consumption, and four putative interactive genes (MELO3C025552.2, MELO3C007440.2, MELO3C023324.2, and MELO3C018576.2) associated with the CmGGP1 gene were revealed. Meanwhile, the CmGGP1 gene expression pattern was noticed to be up-regulated to varying degrees in different acclimated melons. We believe that the obtained results would provide useful insights for an in-depth genetic understanding of the AsA biosynthesis mechanism, aimed at the development of improving crop plants for melon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiantian Yang
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (T.Y.); (S.L.); (P.G.); (J.B.); (C.L.); (F.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticulture Crops (Northeast Region), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Sikandar Amanullah
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (T.Y.); (S.L.); (P.G.); (J.B.); (C.L.); (F.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticulture Crops (Northeast Region), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Shenglong Li
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (T.Y.); (S.L.); (P.G.); (J.B.); (C.L.); (F.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticulture Crops (Northeast Region), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Peng Gao
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (T.Y.); (S.L.); (P.G.); (J.B.); (C.L.); (F.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticulture Crops (Northeast Region), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Junyu Bai
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (T.Y.); (S.L.); (P.G.); (J.B.); (C.L.); (F.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticulture Crops (Northeast Region), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Chang Li
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (T.Y.); (S.L.); (P.G.); (J.B.); (C.L.); (F.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticulture Crops (Northeast Region), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Jie Ma
- Bayannur Institute of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Science, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Bayannur 015000, China;
| | - Feishi Luan
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (T.Y.); (S.L.); (P.G.); (J.B.); (C.L.); (F.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticulture Crops (Northeast Region), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Xuezheng Wang
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (T.Y.); (S.L.); (P.G.); (J.B.); (C.L.); (F.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticulture Crops (Northeast Region), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Harbin 150030, China
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Huang W, Meng L, Xiao Z, Tan R, Yang E, Wang Y, Huang X, Yu K. Heat-tolerant intertidal rock pool coral Porites lutea can potentially adapt to future warming. Mol Ecol 2024; 33:e17273. [PMID: 38265168 DOI: 10.1111/mec.17273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 12/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
The growing threat of global warming on coral reefs underscores the urgency of identifying heat-tolerant corals and discovering their adaptation mechanisms to high temperatures. Corals growing in intertidal rock pools that vary markedly in daily temperature may have improved heat tolerance. In this study, heat stress experiments were performed on scleractinian coral Porites lutea from subtidal habitat and intertidal rock pool of Weizhou Island in the northern South China Sea. Thermotolerance differences in corals from the two habitats and their mechanisms were explored through phenotype, physiological indicators, ITS2, 16S rRNA, and RNA sequencing. At the extremely high temperature of 34°C, rock pool P. lutea had a stronger heat tolerance than those in the subtidal habitat. The strong antioxidant capacity of the coral host and its microbial partners was important in the resistance of rock pool corals to high temperatures. The host of rock pool corals at 34°C had stronger immune and apoptotic regulation, downregulated host metabolism and disease-infection-related pathways compared to the subtidal habitat. P. lutea, in this habitat, upregulated Cladocopium C15 (Symbiodiniaceae) photosynthetic efficiency and photoprotection, and significantly increased bacterial diversity and coral probiotics, including ABY1, Ruegeria, and Alteromonas. These findings indicate that rock pool corals can tolerate high temperatures through the integrated response of coral holobionts. These corals may be 'touchstones' for future warming. Our research provides new insights into the complex mechanisms by which corals resist global warming and the theoretical basis for coral reef ecosystem restoration and selection of stress-resistant coral populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Huang
- Guangxi Laboratory on the Study of Coral Reefs in the South China Sea, Coral Reef Research Center of China, School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Linqing Meng
- Guangxi Laboratory on the Study of Coral Reefs in the South China Sea, Coral Reef Research Center of China, School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Zunyong Xiao
- Guangxi Laboratory on the Study of Coral Reefs in the South China Sea, Coral Reef Research Center of China, School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
- School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Ronghua Tan
- Guangxi Laboratory on the Study of Coral Reefs in the South China Sea, Coral Reef Research Center of China, School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Enguang Yang
- Guangxi Laboratory on the Study of Coral Reefs in the South China Sea, Coral Reef Research Center of China, School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Yonggang Wang
- Guangxi Laboratory on the Study of Coral Reefs in the South China Sea, Coral Reef Research Center of China, School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Xueyong Huang
- Guangxi Laboratory on the Study of Coral Reefs in the South China Sea, Coral Reef Research Center of China, School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Kefu Yu
- Guangxi Laboratory on the Study of Coral Reefs in the South China Sea, Coral Reef Research Center of China, School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, China
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Kelly MK, Smith ES, Brown HA, Jardine WT, Convit L, Bowe SJ, Condo D, Guy JH, Burke LM, Périard JD, Snipe RMJ, Snow RJ, Carr AJ. Auditing the Representation of Females Versus Males in Heat Adaptation Research. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab 2024; 34:111-121. [PMID: 38211577 DOI: 10.1123/ijsnem.2023-0186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
The aim of this audit was to quantify female representation in research on heat adaptation. Using a standardized audit tool, the PubMed database was searched for heat adaptation literature from inception to February 2023. Studies were included if they investigated heat adaptation among female and male adults (≥18-50 years) who were free from noncommunicable diseases, with heat adaptation the primary or secondary outcome of interest. The number and sex of participants, athletic caliber, menstrual status, research theme, journal impact factor, Altmetric score, Field-Weighted Citation Impact, and type of heat exposure were extracted. A total of 477 studies were identified in this audit, including 7,707 participants with ∼13% of these being female. Most studies investigated male-only cohorts (∼74%, n = 5,672 males), with ∼5% (n = 360 females) including female-only cohorts. Of the 126 studies that included females, only 10% provided some evidence of appropriate methodological control to account for ovarian hormone status, with no study meeting best-practice recommendations. Of the included female participants, 40% were able to be classified to an athletic caliber, with 67% of these being allocated to Tier 2 (i.e., trained/developmental) or below. Exercise heat acclimation was the dominant method of heat exposure (437 interventions), with 21 studies investigating sex differences in exercise heat acclimation interventions. We recommend that future research on heat adaptation in female participants use methodological approaches that consider the potential impact of sexual dimorphism on study outcomes to provide evidence-based guidelines for female athletes preparing for exercise or competition in hot conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica K Kelly
- Centre for Sport Research, Deakin University, Burwood, VIC, Australia
| | - Ella S Smith
- Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Harry A Brown
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise (UCRISE), University of Canberra, Bruce, ACT, Australia
| | - William T Jardine
- Centre for Sport Research, Deakin University, Burwood, VIC, Australia
| | - Lilia Convit
- Centre for Sport Research, Deakin University, Burwood, VIC, Australia
| | - Steven J Bowe
- Deakin Biostatistics Unit, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Burwood, VIC, Australia
- Faculty and School of Health, Victoria University of Wellington, Kelburn, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Dominique Condo
- Centre for Sport Research, Deakin University, Burwood, VIC, Australia
| | - Joshua H Guy
- School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Cairns, QLD, Australia
| | - Louise M Burke
- Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Julien D Périard
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise (UCRISE), University of Canberra, Bruce, ACT, Australia
| | | | - Rodney J Snow
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, Deakin University, Burwood, VIC, Australia
| | - Amelia J Carr
- Centre for Sport Research, Deakin University, Burwood, VIC, Australia
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Ibrahim A, Stefani A, Cesari M, Roche J, Gatterer H, Holzknecht E, Turner R, Vinetti G, Furian M, Heidbreder A, Högl B, Siebenmann C. Effects of periodic breathing on sleep at high altitude: a randomized, placebo-controlled, crossover study using inspiratory CO 2. J Physiol 2024. [PMID: 38408065 DOI: 10.1113/jp285397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia at high altitude facilitates changes in ventilatory control that can lead to nocturnal periodic breathing (nPB). Here, we introduce a placebo-controlled approach to prevent nPB by increasing inspiratory CO2 and used it to assess whether nPB contributes to the adverse effects of hypoxia on sleep architecture. In a randomized, single-blinded, crossover design, 12 men underwent two sojourns (three days/nights each, separated by 4 weeks) in hypobaric hypoxia corresponding to 4000 m altitude, with polysomnography during the first and third night of each sojourn. During all nights, subjects' heads were encompassed by a canopy retaining exhaled CO2 , and CO2 concentration in the canopy (i.e. inspiratory CO2 concentration) was controlled by adjustment of fresh air inflow. Throughout the placebo sojourn inspiratory CO2 was ≤0.2%, whereas throughout the other sojourn it was increased to 1.76% (IQR, 1.07%-2.44%). During the placebo sojourn, total sleep time (TST) with nPB was 54.3% (37.4%-80.8%) and 45.0% (24.5%-56.5%) during the first and the third night, respectively (P = 0.042). Increased inspiratory CO2 reduced TST with nPB by an absolute 38.1% (28.1%-48.1%), the apnoea-hypopnoea index by 58.1/h (40.1-76.1/h), and oxygen desaturation index ≥3% by 56.0/h (38.9.1-73.2/h) (all P < 0.001), whereas it increased the mean arterial oxygen saturation in TST by 2.0% (0.4%-3.5%, P = 0.035). Increased inspiratory CO2 slightly increased the percentage of N3 sleep during the third night (P = 0.045), without other effects on sleep architecture. Increasing inspiratory CO2 effectively prevented hypoxia-induced nPB without affecting sleep macro-architecture, indicating that nPB does not explain the sleep deterioration commonly observed at high altitudes. KEY POINTS: Periodic breathing is common during sleep at high altitude, and it is unclear how this affects sleep architecture. We developed a placebo-controlled approach to prevent nocturnal periodic breathing (nPB) with inspiratory CO2 administration and used it to assess the effects of nPB on sleep in hypobaric hypoxia. Nocturnal periodic breathing was effectively mitigated by an increased inspiratory CO2 fraction in a blinded manner. Prevention of nPB did not lead to relevant changes in sleep architecture in hypobaric hypoxia. We conclude that nPB does not explain the deterioration in sleep architecture commonly observed at high altitude.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abubaker Ibrahim
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Ambra Stefani
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Matteo Cesari
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Johanna Roche
- Institute of Mountain Emergency Medicine, Eurac Research, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Hannes Gatterer
- Institute of Mountain Emergency Medicine, Eurac Research, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Evi Holzknecht
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Rachel Turner
- Institute of Mountain Emergency Medicine, Eurac Research, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Giovanni Vinetti
- Institute of Mountain Emergency Medicine, Eurac Research, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Michael Furian
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Anna Heidbreder
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Birgit Högl
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
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Kiuchi M, Uno T, Hasegawa T, Koyama K, Horiuchi M. Influence of short-term hypoxic exposure on spatial learning and memory function and brain-derived neurotrophic factor in rats-A practical implication to human's lost way. Front Behav Neurosci 2024; 18:1330596. [PMID: 38380151 PMCID: PMC10876868 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2024.1330596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the effects of a short period of normobaric hypoxic exposure on spatial learning and memory, and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels in the rat hippocampus. Hypoxic conditions were set at 12.5% O2. We compared all variables between normoxic trials (Norm), after 24 h (Hypo-24 h), and after 72 h of hypoxic exposure (Hypo-72 h). Spatial learning and memory were evaluated by using a water-finding task in an open field. Time to find water drinking fountains was significantly extended in Hypo 24 h (36.2 ± 21.9 s) compared to those in Norm (17.9 ± 12.8 s; P < 0.05), whereas no statistical differences between Norm and Hypo-72 h (22.7 ± 12.3 s). Moreover, hippocampal BDNF level in Hypo-24 h was significantly lower compared to Norm (189.4 ± 28.4 vs. 224.9 ± 47.7 ng/g wet tissue, P < 0.05), whereas no statistically differences in those between Norm and Hypo-72 h (228.1 ± 39.8 ng/g wet tissue). No significant differences in the changes in corticosterone and adrenocorticotropic hormone levels were observed across the three conditions. When data from Hypo-24 h and Hypo-72 h of hypoxia were pooled, there was a marginal negative relationship between the time to find drinking fountains and BDNF (P < 0.1), and was a significant negative relationship between the locomotor activities and BDNF (P < 0.05). These results suggest that acute hypoxic exposure (24 h) may impair spatial learning and memory; however, it recovered after 72 h of hypoxic exposure. These changes in spatial learning and memory may be associated with changes in the hippocampal BDNF levels in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masataka Kiuchi
- Graduate School Department of Interdisciplinary Research, University of Yamanashi, Kofu, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Tadashi Uno
- Division of Human Environmental Science, Mount Fuji Research Institute, Fujiyoshida, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Hasegawa
- Division of Human Environmental Science, Mount Fuji Research Institute, Fujiyoshida, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Katsuhiro Koyama
- Faculty of Sport Science, Yamanashi Gakuin University, Kofu, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Masahiro Horiuchi
- Division of Human Environmental Science, Mount Fuji Research Institute, Fujiyoshida, Yamanashi, Japan
- Faculty of Sports and Life Science, National Institute of Fitness and Sports in Kanoya, Kanoya, Kagoshima, Japan
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Hilty MP, Siebenmann C, Rasmussen P, Keiser S, Müller A, Lundby C, Maggiorini M. Beta-adrenergic blockade increases pulmonary vascular resistance and causes exaggerated hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction at high altitude: a physiological study. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Pharmacother 2024:pvae004. [PMID: 38216517 DOI: 10.1093/ehjcvp/pvae004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND An increasing number of hypertensive persons travel to high altitude while using antihypertensive medications such as betablockers. Nevertheless, while hypoxic exposure initiates an increase in pulmonary artery pressure (Ppa) and pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR), the contribution of the autonomic nervous system is unclear. In animals, β-adrenergic blockade has induced pulmonary vasoconstriction in normoxia and exaggerated hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction (HPV) and both effects were abolished by muscarinic blockade. We thus hypothesized that in humans propranolol (PROP) increases Ppa and PVR in normoxia and exaggerates HPV, and that these effects of PROP are abolished by glycopyrrolate (GLYC). METHODS In seven healthy male lowlanders, pulmonary artery pressure was invasively measured without medication, with PROP and PROP+GLYC, both at sea level (SL, 488m) and after a three-week sojourn at 3454m altitude (HA). Bilateral thigh-cuff release maneuvers were performed to derive pulmonary pressure-flow relationships and pulmonary vessel distensibility. RESULTS At SL, PROP increased Ppa and PVR from (mean±SEM) 14±1 to 17±1mmHg and from 69±8 to 108±11dyn*s*cm-5 (21 and 57% increase, p=0.01 and p<0.0001). The PVR response to PROP was amplified at HA to 76% (p<0.0001, p[interaction]=0.05). At both altitudes, PROP+GLYC abolished the effect of PROP on Ppa and PVR. Pulmonary vessel distensibility decreased from 2.9±0.5 to 1.7±0.2 at HA (p<0.0001) and to 1.2±0.2 with PROP, and further decreased to 0.9±0.2%*mmHg-1 with PROP+GLYC (p=0.01). CONCLUSIONS Our data show that β-adrenergic blockade increases, and muscarinic blockade decreases PVR, whereas both increase pulmonary artery elastance. Future studies may confirm potential implications from the finding that β-adrenergic blockade exaggerates HPV for the management of mountaineers using β-blockers for prevention or treatment of cardiovascular conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Peter Hilty
- Institute of Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Christoph Siebenmann
- Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich, Switzerland
- Institute of Mountain Emergency Medicine, EURAC Research, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Peter Rasmussen
- Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Stefanie Keiser
- Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Andrea Müller
- Institute of Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Carsten Lundby
- Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Health and Exercise Physiology, Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, Lillehammer, Norway
| | - Marco Maggiorini
- Institute of Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital of Zurich, Switzerland
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12
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Ramchandani R, Florica IT, Zhou Z, Alemi A, Baranchuk A. Review of Athletic Guidelines for High-Altitude Training and Acclimatization. High Alt Med Biol 2024. [PMID: 38207236 DOI: 10.1089/ham.2023.0042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Ramchandani, Rashi, Ioana Tereza Florica, Zier Zhou, Aziz Alemi, and Adrian Baranchuk. Review of athletic guidelines for high-altitude training and acclimatization. High Alt Med Biol. 00:000-000, 2024. Introduction: Exposure to high altitude results in hypobaric hypoxia with physiological acclimatization changes that are thought to influence athletic performance. This review summarizes existing literature regarding implications of high-altitude training and altitude-related guidelines from major governing bodies of sports. Methods: A nonsystematic review was performed using PubMed and OVID Medline to identify articles regarding altitude training and guidelines from international governing bodies of various sports. Sports inherently involving training or competing at high altitude were excluded. Results: Important physiological compensatory mechanisms to high-altitude environments include elevations in blood pressure, heart rate, red blood cell mass, tidal volume, and respiratory rate. These responses can have varying effects on athletic performance. Governing sport bodies have limited and differing regulations for training and competition at high altitudes with recommended acclimatization periods ranging from 3 days to 3 weeks. Discussion: Physiological changes in response to high terrestrial altitude exposure can have substantial impacts on athletic performance. Major sport governing bodies have limited regulations and recommendations regarding altitude training and competition. Existing guidelines are variable and lack substantial evidence to support recommendations. Additional studies are needed to clarify the implications of high-altitude exposure on athletic ability to optimize training and competition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashi Ramchandani
- Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ioana Tereza Florica
- Department of Medicine, Kingston Health Science Center, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Zier Zhou
- Atherosclerosis, Genomics and Vascular Biology Division, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Aziz Alemi
- Department of Cardiology, Kingston Health Science Center, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Adrian Baranchuk
- Department of Medicine, Kingston Health Science Center, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Cardiology, Kingston Health Science Center, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
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13
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Vompe AD, Epstein HE, Speare KE, Schmeltzer ER, Adam TC, Burkepile DE, Sharpton TJ, Vega Thurber R. Microbiome ecological memory and responses to repeated marine heatwaves clarify variation in coral bleaching and mortality. Glob Chang Biol 2024; 30:e17088. [PMID: 38273492 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.17088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Microbiomes are essential features of holobionts, providing their hosts with key metabolic and functional traits like resistance to environmental disturbances and diseases. In scleractinian corals, questions remain about the microbiome's role in resistance and resilience to factors contributing to the ongoing global coral decline and whether microbes serve as a form of holobiont ecological memory. To test if and how coral microbiomes affect host health outcomes during repeated disturbances, we conducted a large-scale (32 exclosures, 200 colonies, and 3 coral species sampled) and long-term (28 months, 2018-2020) manipulative experiment on the forereef of Mo'orea, French Polynesia. In 2019 and 2020, this reef experienced the two most severe marine heatwaves on record for the site. Our experiment and these events afforded us the opportunity to test microbiome dynamics and roles in the context of coral bleaching and mortality resulting from these successive and severe heatwaves. We report unique microbiome responses to repeated heatwaves in Acropora retusa, Porites lobata, and Pocillopora spp., which included: microbiome acclimatization in A. retusa, and both microbiome resilience to the first marine heatwave and microbiome resistance to the second marine heatwave in Pocillopora spp. Moreover, observed microbiome dynamics significantly correlated with coral species-specific phenotypes. For example, bleaching and mortality in A. retusa both significantly increased with greater microbiome beta dispersion and greater Shannon Diversity, while P. lobata colonies had different microbiomes across mortality prevalence. Compositional microbiome changes, such as changes to proportions of differentially abundant putatively beneficial to putatively detrimental taxa to coral health outcomes during repeated heat stress, also correlated with host mortality, with higher proportions of detrimental taxa yielding higher mortality in A. retusa. This study reveals evidence for coral species-specific microbial responses to repeated heatwaves and, importantly, suggests that host-dependent microbiome dynamics may provide a form of holobiont ecological memory to repeated heat stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex D Vompe
- Department of Microbiology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
| | - Hannah E Epstein
- Department of Microbiology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
- School of Life Sciences, University of Essex, Colchester, Essex, UK
| | - Kelly E Speare
- School of Geographical Sciences and Urban Planning, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Marine Biology, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California, USA
| | - Emily R Schmeltzer
- Department of Microbiology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
| | - Thomas C Adam
- Marine Science Institute, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California, USA
| | - Deron E Burkepile
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Marine Biology, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California, USA
- Marine Science Institute, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California, USA
| | - Thomas J Sharpton
- Department of Microbiology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
- Department of Statistics, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
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14
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Nybo L, Rønnestad B, Lundby C. High or hot-Perspectives on altitude camps and heat-acclimation training as preparation for prolonged stage races. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2024; 34:e14268. [PMID: 36350277 DOI: 10.1111/sms.14268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Adaptation to heat stress and hypoxia are relevant for athletes participating in Tour de France or similar cycling races taking place during the summertime in landscapes with varying altitude. Both to minimize detrimental performance effects associated with arterial desaturation occurring at moderate altitudes in elite athletes, respectively, reduce the risk of hyperthermia on hot days, but also as a pre-competition acclimatization strategy to boost blood volume in already highly adapted athletes. The hematological adaptations require weeks of exposure to manifest, but are attractive as an augmented hemoglobin mass may improve arterial oxygen delivery and hence benefit prolonged performances. Altitude training camps have in this context a long history in exercise physiology and are still common practice in elite cycling. However, heat-acclimation training provides an attractive alternative for some athletes either as a stand-alone approach or in combination with altitude. The present paper provides an update and practical perspectives on the potential to utilize hypoxia and heat exposure to optimize hematological adaptations. Furthermore, we will consider temporal aspects both in terms of onset and decay of the adaptations relevant for improved thermoregulatory capacity and respiratory adaptations to abate arterial desaturation during altitude exposure. From focus on involved physiological mechanisms, time course, and responsiveness in elite athletes, we will provide guidance based on our experience from practical implementation in cyclists preparing for prolonged stage races such as the Tour de France.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars Nybo
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sport, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Bent Rønnestad
- Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, Lillehammer, Norway
| | - Carsten Lundby
- Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, Lillehammer, Norway
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15
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Radice VZ, Martinez A, Paytan A, Potts DC, Barshis DJ. Complex dynamics of coral gene expression responses to low pH across species. Mol Ecol 2024; 33:e17186. [PMID: 37905582 DOI: 10.1111/mec.17186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
Coral capacity to tolerate low pH affects coral community composition and, ultimately, reef ecosystem function. Low pH submarine discharges ('Ojo'; Yucatán, México) represent a natural laboratory to study plasticity and acclimatization to low pH in relation to ocean acidification. A previous >2-year coral transplant experiment to ambient and low pH common garden sites revealed differential survivorship across species and sites, providing a framework to compare mechanistic responses to differential pH exposures. Here, we examined gene expression responses of transplants of three species of reef-building corals (Porites astreoides, Porites porites and Siderastrea siderea) and their algal endosymbiont communities (Symbiodiniaceae) originating from low pH (Ojo) and ambient pH native origins (Lagoon or Reef). Transplant pH environment had the greatest effect on gene expression of Porites astreoides hosts and symbionts and P. porites hosts. Host P. astreoides Ojo natives transplanted to ambient pH showed a similar gene expression profile to Lagoon natives remaining in ambient pH, providing evidence of plasticity in response to ambient pH conditions. Although origin had a larger effect on host S. siderea gene expression due to differences in symbiont genera within Reef and Lagoon/Ojo natives, subtle effects of low pH on all origins demonstrated acclimatization potential. All corals responded to low pH by differentially expressing genes related to pH regulation, ion transport, calcification, cell adhesion and stress/immune response. This study demonstrates that the magnitude of coral gene expression responses to pH varies considerably among populations, species and holobionts, which could differentially affect acclimatization to and impacts of ocean acidification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Z Radice
- Department of Biological Sciences, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia, USA
| | - Ana Martinez
- University of California, Santa Cruz, California, USA
| | - Adina Paytan
- University of California, Santa Cruz, California, USA
| | | | - Daniel J Barshis
- Department of Biological Sciences, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia, USA
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16
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Shindell D, Hunter R, Faluvegi G, Parsons L. Premature Deaths Due To Heat Exposure: The Potential Effects of Neighborhood-Level Versus City-Level Acclimatization Within US Cities. Geohealth 2024; 8:e2023GH000970. [PMID: 38169989 PMCID: PMC10759151 DOI: 10.1029/2023gh000970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
For the population of a given US city, the risk of premature death associated with heat exposure increases as temperatures rise, but risks in hotter cities are generally lower than in cooler cities at equivalent temperatures due to factors such as acclimatization. Those living in especially hot neighborhoods within cities might therefore suffer much more than average if such adaptation is only at the city-wide level, whereas they might not experience greatly increased risk if adjustment is at the neighborhood level. To compare these possibilities, we use high spatial resolution temperature data to evaluated heat-related deaths assuming either adjustment at the city-wide or at the neighborhood scale in 10 large US cities. On average, we find that if inhabitants are adjusted to their local conditions, a neighborhood that was 10°C hotter than a cooler one would experience only about 1.0-1.5 excess heat deaths per year per 100,000 persons. By contrast, if inhabitants are acclimatized to city-wide temperatures, the hotter neighborhood would experience about 15 excess deaths per year per 100,000 persons. Using idealized analyses, we demonstrate that current city-wide epidemiological data do not differentiate between these differing adjustments. Given the very large effects of assumptions about neighborhood-level acclimatization found here, as well as the fact that current literature is conflicting on the spatial scale of acclimatization, more neighborhood-level epidemiological data are urgently needed to determine the health impacts of variations in heat exposure within urban areas, better constrain projected changes, and inform mitigation efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. Shindell
- Nicholas School of the EnvironmentDuke UniversityDurhamNCUSA
| | - R. Hunter
- Nicholas School of the EnvironmentDuke UniversityDurhamNCUSA
| | - G. Faluvegi
- NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies and Center for Climate Systems ResearchColumbia UniversityNew YorkNYUSA
| | - L. Parsons
- Nicholas School of the EnvironmentDuke UniversityDurhamNCUSA
- Global ScienceThe Nature ConservancyDurhamNCUSA
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17
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Brown KT, Lenz EA, Glass BH, Kruse E, McClintock R, Drury C, Nelson CE, Putnam HM, Barott KL. Divergent bleaching and recovery trajectories in reef-building corals following a decade of successive marine heatwaves. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2312104120. [PMID: 38113265 PMCID: PMC10756270 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2312104120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Increasingly frequent marine heatwaves are devastating coral reefs. Corals that survive these extreme events must rapidly recover if they are to withstand subsequent events, and long-term survival in the face of rising ocean temperatures may hinge on recovery capacity and acclimatory gains in heat tolerance over an individual's lifespan. To better understand coral recovery trajectories in the face of successive marine heatwaves, we monitored the responses of bleaching-susceptible and bleaching-resistant individuals of two dominant coral species in Hawai'i, Montipora capitata and Porites compressa, over a decade that included three marine heatwaves. Bleaching-susceptible colonies of P. compressa exhibited beneficial acclimatization to heat stress (i.e., less bleaching) following repeat heatwaves, becoming indistinguishable from bleaching-resistant conspecifics during the third heatwave. In contrast, bleaching-susceptible M. capitata repeatedly bleached during all successive heatwaves and exhibited seasonal bleaching and substantial mortality for up to 3 y following the third heatwave. Encouragingly, bleaching-resistant individuals of both species remained pigmented across the entire time series; however, pigmentation did not necessarily indicate physiological resilience. Specifically, M. capitata displayed incremental yet only partial recovery of symbiont density and tissue biomass across both bleaching phenotypes up to 35 mo following the third heatwave as well as considerable partial mortality. Conversely, P. compressa appeared to recover across most physiological metrics within 2 y and experienced little to no mortality. Ultimately, these results indicate that even some visually robust, bleaching-resistant corals can carry the cost of recurring heatwaves over multiple years, leading to divergent recovery trajectories that may erode coral reef resilience in the Anthropocene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen T. Brown
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA19104
| | - Elizabeth A. Lenz
- University of Hawai’i Sea Grant College Program, University of Hawai’i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI96822
| | - Benjamin H. Glass
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA19104
| | - Elisa Kruse
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA19104
| | - Rayna McClintock
- Daniel K. Inouye Center for Microbial Oceanography: Research and Education, Department of Oceanography, University of Hawai’i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI96822
| | - Crawford Drury
- Hawai’i Institute of Marine Biology, University of Hawai’i at Mānoa, Kāne‘ohe, HI96744
| | - Craig E. Nelson
- University of Hawai’i Sea Grant College Program, University of Hawai’i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI96822
- Daniel K. Inouye Center for Microbial Oceanography: Research and Education, Department of Oceanography, University of Hawai’i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI96822
| | - Hollie M. Putnam
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI02881
| | - Katie L. Barott
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA19104
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18
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Storz JF, Scott GR. To what extent do physiological tolerances determine elevational range limits of mammals? J Physiol 2023:10.1113/JP284586. [PMID: 37889163 PMCID: PMC11052920 DOI: 10.1113/jp284586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
A key question in biology concerns the extent to which distributional range limits of species are determined by intrinsic limits of physiological tolerance. Here, we use common-garden data for wild rodents to assess whether species with higher elevational range limits typically have higher thermogenic capacities in comparison to closely related lowland species. Among South American leaf-eared mice (genus Phyllotis), mean thermogenic performance is higher in species with higher elevational range limits, but there is little among-species variation in the magnitude of plasticity in this trait. In the North American rodent genus Peromyscus, highland deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus) have greater thermogenic maximal oxygen uptake (V ̇ O 2 max ${\dot V_{{{\mathrm{O}}_{\mathrm{2}}}{\mathrm{max}}}}$ ) than lowland white-footed mice (Peromyscus leucopus) at a level of hypoxia that matches the upper elevational range limit of the former species. In highland deer mice, the enhanced thermogenicV ̇ O 2 max ${\dot V_{{{\mathrm{O}}_{\mathrm{2}}}{\mathrm{max}}}}$ in hypoxia is attributable to a combination of evolved and plastic changes in physiological pathways that govern the transport and utilization of O2 and metabolic substrates. Experiments with Peromyscus mice also demonstrate that exposure to hypoxia during different stages of development elicits plastic changes in cardiorespiratory traits that improve thermogenicV ̇ O 2 max ${\dot V_{{{\mathrm{O}}_{\mathrm{2}}}{\mathrm{max}}}}$ via distinct physiological mechanisms. Evolved differences in thermogenic capacity provide clues about why some species are able to persist in higher-elevation habitats that lie slightly beyond the tolerable limits of other species. Such differences in environmental tolerance also suggest why some species might be more vulnerable to climate change than others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jay F Storz
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Graham R Scott
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
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19
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Stein W, Torres G, Giménez L, Espinosa-Novo N, Geißel JP, Vidal-Gadea A, Harzsch S. Thermal acclimation and habitat-dependent differences in temperature robustness of a crustacean motor circuit. Front Cell Neurosci 2023; 17:1263591. [PMID: 37920203 PMCID: PMC10619761 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2023.1263591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction At the cellular level, acute temperature changes alter ionic conductances, ion channel kinetics, and the activity of entire neuronal circuits. This can result in severe consequences for neural function, animal behavior and survival. In poikilothermic animals, and particularly in aquatic species whose core temperature equals the surrounding water temperature, neurons experience rather rapid and wide-ranging temperature fluctuations. Recent work on pattern generating neural circuits in the crustacean stomatogastric nervous system have demonstrated that neuronal circuits can exhibit an intrinsic robustness to temperature fluctuations. However, considering the increased warming of the oceans and recurring heatwaves due to climate change, the question arises whether this intrinsic robustness can acclimate to changing environmental conditions, and whether it differs between species and ocean habitats. Methods We address these questions using the pyloric pattern generating circuits in the stomatogastric nervous system of two crab species, Hemigrapsus sanguineus and Carcinus maenas that have seen a worldwide expansion in recent decades. Results and discussion Consistent with their history as invasive species, we find that pyloric activity showed a broad temperature robustness (>30°C). Moreover, the temperature-robust range was dependent on habitat temperature in both species. Warm-acclimating animals shifted the critical temperature at which circuit activity breaks down to higher temperatures. This came at the cost of robustness against cold stimuli in H. sanguineus, but not in C. maenas. Comparing the temperature responses of C. maenas from a cold latitude (the North Sea) to those from a warm latitude (Spain) demonstrated that similar shifts in robustness occurred in natural environments. Our results thus demonstrate that neuronal temperature robustness correlates with, and responds to, environmental temperature conditions, potentially preparing animals for changing ecological conditions and shifting habitats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang Stein
- School of Biological Sciences, Illinois State University, Normal, IL, United States
- Stiftung Alfried Krupp Kolleg Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Gabriela Torres
- Alfred-Wegener-Institut, Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung, Biologische Anstalt Helgoland, Helgoland, Germany
| | - Luis Giménez
- Alfred-Wegener-Institut, Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung, Biologische Anstalt Helgoland, Helgoland, Germany
- School of Ocean Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor, United Kingdom
| | - Noé Espinosa-Novo
- Alfred-Wegener-Institut, Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung, Biologische Anstalt Helgoland, Helgoland, Germany
| | - Jan Phillipp Geißel
- Alfred-Wegener-Institut, Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung, Biologische Anstalt Helgoland, Helgoland, Germany
- Department of Cytology and Evolutionary Biology, Zoological Institute and Museum, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Andrés Vidal-Gadea
- School of Biological Sciences, Illinois State University, Normal, IL, United States
| | - Steffen Harzsch
- Department of Cytology and Evolutionary Biology, Zoological Institute and Museum, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
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Dubey S, Bhattacharjee A, Pradhan S, Kumar A, Sharma S. Composition of fungal communities upon multiple passaging of rhizosphere microbiome for salinity stress mitigation in Vigna radiata. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2023; 99:fiad132. [PMID: 37838474 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiad132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The top-down approach of microbiome-mediated rhizosphere engineering has emerged as an eco-friendly approach for mitigating stress and enhancing crop productivity. It has been established to mitigate salinity stress in Vigna radiata using multi-passaging approach. During the process of acclimatization under increasing levels of salinity stress, the structure of rhizospheric microbial community undergoes dynamic changes, while facilitating stress mitigation in plants. In this study, using ITS-based amplicon sequencing, the dynamics of rhizosphere fungal community was unravelled over successive passages under salinity stress in V. radiata. Clear shifts were evident among the fungal community members under stress and non-stress conditions, upon application of acclimatized rhizosphere microbiome in V. radiata across successive passages. These shifts correlated with enhanced plant biometrics and reduced stress marker levels in plant. Significant changes in the fungal community structure were witnessed in the rhizosphere across specific passaging cycles under salinity stress, which possibly facilitated stress mitigation in V. radiata.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shubham Dubey
- Department of Biochemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Annapurna Bhattacharjee
- Department of Biochemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Salila Pradhan
- Department of Biochemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Abhay Kumar
- Department of Biochemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Shilpi Sharma
- Department of Biochemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India
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21
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Day TA, Wilson RJA. An apparent paradox across the time course and magnitude of oxygen sensing in humans - is a 'one-size-fits-all' hypoxic response up in the air? J Physiol 2023; 601:4245-4247. [PMID: 37712578 DOI: 10.1113/jp285341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/16/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Trevor A Day
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Mount Royal University, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Richard J A Wilson
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute and Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
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22
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Saxer S, Bader PR, Schneider SR, Mademilov M, Sheraliev U, Appenzeller P, Müller J, Sooronbaev TM, Bloch KE, Ulrich S, Lichtblau M. Corrigendum: Echocardiography and extravascular lung water during 3 weeks of exposure to high altitude in otherwise healthy asthmatics. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1280696. [PMID: 37711467 PMCID: PMC10499492 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1280696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023] Open
Abstract
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1214887.].
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Saxer
- Department of Pulmonology, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Swiss-Kyrgyz High Altitude Medicine and Research Initiative, Tuja-Ashu, Kyrgyzstan
- Eastern University of Applied Sciences, St Gallen, Switzerland
| | - P. R. Bader
- Department of Pulmonology, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Swiss-Kyrgyz High Altitude Medicine and Research Initiative, Tuja-Ashu, Kyrgyzstan
| | - S. R. Schneider
- Department of Pulmonology, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Swiss-Kyrgyz High Altitude Medicine and Research Initiative, Tuja-Ashu, Kyrgyzstan
| | - M. Mademilov
- Swiss-Kyrgyz High Altitude Medicine and Research Initiative, Tuja-Ashu, Kyrgyzstan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Center for Cardiology and Internal Medicine, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan
| | - U. Sheraliev
- Swiss-Kyrgyz High Altitude Medicine and Research Initiative, Tuja-Ashu, Kyrgyzstan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Center for Cardiology and Internal Medicine, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan
| | - P. Appenzeller
- Department of Pulmonology, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Swiss-Kyrgyz High Altitude Medicine and Research Initiative, Tuja-Ashu, Kyrgyzstan
| | - J. Müller
- Department of Pulmonology, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Swiss-Kyrgyz High Altitude Medicine and Research Initiative, Tuja-Ashu, Kyrgyzstan
| | - T. M. Sooronbaev
- Swiss-Kyrgyz High Altitude Medicine and Research Initiative, Tuja-Ashu, Kyrgyzstan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Center for Cardiology and Internal Medicine, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan
| | - K. E. Bloch
- Department of Pulmonology, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Swiss-Kyrgyz High Altitude Medicine and Research Initiative, Tuja-Ashu, Kyrgyzstan
| | - S. Ulrich
- Department of Pulmonology, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Swiss-Kyrgyz High Altitude Medicine and Research Initiative, Tuja-Ashu, Kyrgyzstan
| | - M. Lichtblau
- Department of Pulmonology, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Swiss-Kyrgyz High Altitude Medicine and Research Initiative, Tuja-Ashu, Kyrgyzstan
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23
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Méndez-Hernández HA, Galaz-Ávalos RM, Quintana-Escobar AO, Pech-Hoil R, Collí-Rodríguez AM, Salas-Peraza IQ, Loyola-Vargas VM. In Vitro Conversion of Coffea spp. Somatic Embryos in SETIS™ Bioreactor System. Plants (Basel) 2023; 12:3055. [PMID: 37687302 PMCID: PMC10490467 DOI: 10.3390/plants12173055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
Somatic embryogenesis (SE) is an excellent example of mass plant propagation. Due to its genetic variability and low somaclonal variation, coffee SE has become a model for in vitro propagation of woody species, as well as for large-scale production of vigorous plants that are advantageous to modern agriculture. The success of the large-scale propagation of an embryogenic system is dependent on the development, optimization, and transfer of complementary system technologies. In this study, two successful SE systems were combined with a SETIS™ bioreactor immersion system to develop an efficient and cost-effective approach for the in vitro development of somatic embryos of Coffea spp. This study used an efficient protocol for obtaining somatic embryos, utilizing direct and indirect SE for both C. canephora and C. arabica. Embryos in the cotyledonary stage were deposited in a bioreactor to complete their stage of development from embryo to plant with minimal manipulation. Following ten weeks of cultivation in the bioreactor, complete and vigorous plants were obtained. Different parameters such as fresh weight, length, number of leaves, and root length, as well as stomatal index and relative water content, were recorded. In addition, the survival rate and ex vitro development of plantlets during acclimatization was assessed. The best substrate combination was garden soil (GS), peat moss (PM), and agrolite (A) in a 1:1:0.5 ratio, in which the bioreactor-regenerated plants showed an acclimatization rate greater than 90%. This is the first report on the use of SETIS™ bioreactors for the in vitro development of somatic embryos in Coffea spp., providing a technology that could be utilized for the commercial in vitro propagation of coffee plants. A link between research and innovation is necessary to establish means of communication that facilitate technology transfer. This protocol can serve as a basis for the generation and scaling of different species of agroeconomic importance. However, other bottlenecks in the production chains and the field must be addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugo A. Méndez-Hernández
- Plant Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Unit, Yucatan Scientific Research Center, Street 43, No.130 x 32 y 34, Mérida 97205, Yucatán, Mexico; (H.A.M.-H.); (R.M.G.-Á.); (A.O.Q.-E.); (R.P.-H.)
| | - Rosa M. Galaz-Ávalos
- Plant Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Unit, Yucatan Scientific Research Center, Street 43, No.130 x 32 y 34, Mérida 97205, Yucatán, Mexico; (H.A.M.-H.); (R.M.G.-Á.); (A.O.Q.-E.); (R.P.-H.)
| | - Ana O. Quintana-Escobar
- Plant Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Unit, Yucatan Scientific Research Center, Street 43, No.130 x 32 y 34, Mérida 97205, Yucatán, Mexico; (H.A.M.-H.); (R.M.G.-Á.); (A.O.Q.-E.); (R.P.-H.)
| | - Rodolfo Pech-Hoil
- Plant Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Unit, Yucatan Scientific Research Center, Street 43, No.130 x 32 y 34, Mérida 97205, Yucatán, Mexico; (H.A.M.-H.); (R.M.G.-Á.); (A.O.Q.-E.); (R.P.-H.)
| | - Ana M. Collí-Rodríguez
- Yucatan Science and Technology Park, Carretera Sierra Papacal—Chuburna Puerto, Km. 5.5, Sierra Papacal 97302, Yucatán, Mexico; (A.M.C.-R.); (I.Q.S.-P.)
| | - Itzamná Q. Salas-Peraza
- Yucatan Science and Technology Park, Carretera Sierra Papacal—Chuburna Puerto, Km. 5.5, Sierra Papacal 97302, Yucatán, Mexico; (A.M.C.-R.); (I.Q.S.-P.)
| | - Víctor M. Loyola-Vargas
- Plant Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Unit, Yucatan Scientific Research Center, Street 43, No.130 x 32 y 34, Mérida 97205, Yucatán, Mexico; (H.A.M.-H.); (R.M.G.-Á.); (A.O.Q.-E.); (R.P.-H.)
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Frisby C, Eikelboom RH, Mahomed-Asmail F, Kuper H, Moore DR, de Kock T, Manchaiah V, Swanepoel DW. Mobile Health Hearing Aid Acclimatization and Support Program in Low-Income Communities: Feasibility Study. JMIR Form Res 2023; 7:e46043. [PMID: 37610802 PMCID: PMC10483300 DOI: 10.2196/46043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The most common management option for hearing loss is hearing aids. In addition to devices, patients require information and support, including maintenance and troubleshooting. Mobile health (mHealth) technologies can support hearing aid management, acclimatization, and use. This study developed an mHealth acclimatization and support program for first-time hearing aid users and subsequently implemented and pilot-tested the feasibility of the program. The program was facilitated by community health workers (CHWs) in low-income communities in South Africa. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility of an mHealth acclimatization and support program supported by CHWs in low-income communities. METHODS An application-based acclimatization and support was adapted and translated for use in low- and middle-income countries. This program was delivered in the form of 20 different voice notes accompanied by graphical illustrations via WhatsApp or 20 different SMS text messages. The program was provided to first-time hearing aid users immediately after a community-based hearing aid fitting in March 2021 in 2 low-income communities in the Western Cape, South Africa. The 20 messages were sent over a period of 45 days. Participants were contacted telephonically on days 8, 20, and 43 of the program and via open-ended paper-based questionnaires translated to isiXhosa 45 days and 6 months after the program started to obtain information on their experiences, perceptions, and accessibility of the program. Their responses were analyzed using inductive thematic analysis. RESULTS A total of 19 participants fitted with hearing aids received the mHealth acclimatization and support program. Most participants (15/19, 79%) received the program via WhatsApp, with 21% (4/19) of them receiving it via SMS text message. Participants described the program as helpful, supportive, informative, sufficient, and clear at both follow-ups. A total of 14 participants reported that they were still using their hearing aids at the 6-month follow-up. Three participants indicated that not all their questions about hearing aids were answered, and 5 others had minor hearing aid issues. This included feedback (n=1), battery performance (n=1), physical fit (n=2), and issues with hearing aid accessories (n=1). However, CHWs successfully addressed all these issues. There were no notable differences in responses between the participants who received the program via WhatsApp compared with those who received it through SMS text message. Most participants receiving WhatsApp messages reported that the voice notes were easier to understand, but the graphical illustrations supplemented the voice notes well. CONCLUSIONS An mHealth acclimatization and support program is feasible and potentially assists hearing aid acclimatization and use for first-time users in low-income communities. Scalable mHealth support options can facilitate increased access and improve outcomes of hearing care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin Frisby
- Department of Speech-Language Pathology and Audiology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
- Virtual Hearing Lab, Collaborative initiative between the University of Colorado and the University of Pretoria, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Robert H Eikelboom
- Department of Speech-Language Pathology and Audiology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
- Ear Science Institute Australia, Subiaco, Australia
- Ear Sciences Centre, Medical School, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Australia
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, Australia
| | - Faheema Mahomed-Asmail
- Department of Speech-Language Pathology and Audiology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
- Virtual Hearing Lab, Collaborative initiative between the University of Colorado and the University of Pretoria, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Hannah Kuper
- International Centre for Evidence in Disability, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - David R Moore
- Communication Sciences Research Center, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
- Manchester Centre for Audiology and Deafness, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | | | - Vinaya Manchaiah
- Department of Speech-Language Pathology and Audiology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
- Virtual Hearing Lab, Collaborative initiative between the University of Colorado and the University of Pretoria, Aurora, CO, United States
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States
- UCHealth Hearing and Balance, University of Colorado Hospital, Aurora, CO, United States
- Department of Speech and Hearing, School of Allied Health Sciences, Manipal University, Manipal, India
| | - De Wet Swanepoel
- Department of Speech-Language Pathology and Audiology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
- Virtual Hearing Lab, Collaborative initiative between the University of Colorado and the University of Pretoria, Aurora, CO, United States
- Ear Science Institute Australia, Subiaco, Australia
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States
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25
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Aragão J, de Lima GS, de Lima VLA, da Silva AAR, Capitulino JD, Caetano EJM, da Silva FDA, Soares LADA, Fernandes PD, de Farias MSS, Gheyi HR, Borborema LDA, Arruda TFDL, Santos LFS. Effect of Hydrogen Peroxide Application on Salt Stress Mitigation in Bell Pepper ( Capsicum annuum L.). Plants (Basel) 2023; 12:2981. [PMID: 37631192 PMCID: PMC10458158 DOI: 10.3390/plants12162981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of the foliar application of hydrogen peroxide on the attenuation of salt stress on the growth, photochemical efficiency, production and water use efficiency of 'All Big' bell pepper plants. The experiment was conducted under greenhouse conditions in Campina Grande, PB, Brazil. Treatments were distributed in a randomized block design, in a 5 × 5 factorial scheme, corresponding to five levels of electrical conductivity of irrigation water (0.8, 1.2, 2.0, 2.6 and 3.2 dS m-1) and five concentrations of hydrogen peroxide (0, 15, 30, 45 and 60 μM), with three replicates. Foliar application of hydrogen peroxide at concentration of 15 μM attenuated the deleterious effects of salt stress on photochemical efficiency, biomass accumulation and production components of bell pepper plants irrigated using water with an electrical conductivity of up to 3.2 dS m-1. Foliar spraying of hydrogen peroxide at a concentration of 60 μM intensified the effects of salt stress. The 'All Big' bell pepper was classified as moderately sensitive to salt stress, with an irrigation water salinity threshold of 1.43 dS m-1 and a unit decrease of 8.25% above this salinity level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jéssica Aragão
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa 36570-900, MG, Brazil;
| | - Geovani Soares de Lima
- Academic Unit of Agricultural Engineering, Federal University of Campina Grande, Campina Grande 58430-380, PB, Brazil; (V.L.A.d.L.); (A.A.R.d.S.); (J.D.C.); (E.J.M.C.); (F.d.A.d.S.); (P.D.F.); (M.S.S.d.F.); (H.R.G.); (L.D.A.B.); (T.F.d.L.A.); (L.F.S.S.)
| | - Vera Lúcia Antunes de Lima
- Academic Unit of Agricultural Engineering, Federal University of Campina Grande, Campina Grande 58430-380, PB, Brazil; (V.L.A.d.L.); (A.A.R.d.S.); (J.D.C.); (E.J.M.C.); (F.d.A.d.S.); (P.D.F.); (M.S.S.d.F.); (H.R.G.); (L.D.A.B.); (T.F.d.L.A.); (L.F.S.S.)
| | - André Alisson Rodrigues da Silva
- Academic Unit of Agricultural Engineering, Federal University of Campina Grande, Campina Grande 58430-380, PB, Brazil; (V.L.A.d.L.); (A.A.R.d.S.); (J.D.C.); (E.J.M.C.); (F.d.A.d.S.); (P.D.F.); (M.S.S.d.F.); (H.R.G.); (L.D.A.B.); (T.F.d.L.A.); (L.F.S.S.)
| | - Jessica Dayanne Capitulino
- Academic Unit of Agricultural Engineering, Federal University of Campina Grande, Campina Grande 58430-380, PB, Brazil; (V.L.A.d.L.); (A.A.R.d.S.); (J.D.C.); (E.J.M.C.); (F.d.A.d.S.); (P.D.F.); (M.S.S.d.F.); (H.R.G.); (L.D.A.B.); (T.F.d.L.A.); (L.F.S.S.)
| | - Edmilson Júnio Medeiros Caetano
- Academic Unit of Agricultural Engineering, Federal University of Campina Grande, Campina Grande 58430-380, PB, Brazil; (V.L.A.d.L.); (A.A.R.d.S.); (J.D.C.); (E.J.M.C.); (F.d.A.d.S.); (P.D.F.); (M.S.S.d.F.); (H.R.G.); (L.D.A.B.); (T.F.d.L.A.); (L.F.S.S.)
| | - Francisco de Assis da Silva
- Academic Unit of Agricultural Engineering, Federal University of Campina Grande, Campina Grande 58430-380, PB, Brazil; (V.L.A.d.L.); (A.A.R.d.S.); (J.D.C.); (E.J.M.C.); (F.d.A.d.S.); (P.D.F.); (M.S.S.d.F.); (H.R.G.); (L.D.A.B.); (T.F.d.L.A.); (L.F.S.S.)
| | | | - Pedro Dantas Fernandes
- Academic Unit of Agricultural Engineering, Federal University of Campina Grande, Campina Grande 58430-380, PB, Brazil; (V.L.A.d.L.); (A.A.R.d.S.); (J.D.C.); (E.J.M.C.); (F.d.A.d.S.); (P.D.F.); (M.S.S.d.F.); (H.R.G.); (L.D.A.B.); (T.F.d.L.A.); (L.F.S.S.)
| | - Maria Sallydelândia Sobral de Farias
- Academic Unit of Agricultural Engineering, Federal University of Campina Grande, Campina Grande 58430-380, PB, Brazil; (V.L.A.d.L.); (A.A.R.d.S.); (J.D.C.); (E.J.M.C.); (F.d.A.d.S.); (P.D.F.); (M.S.S.d.F.); (H.R.G.); (L.D.A.B.); (T.F.d.L.A.); (L.F.S.S.)
| | - Hans Raj Gheyi
- Academic Unit of Agricultural Engineering, Federal University of Campina Grande, Campina Grande 58430-380, PB, Brazil; (V.L.A.d.L.); (A.A.R.d.S.); (J.D.C.); (E.J.M.C.); (F.d.A.d.S.); (P.D.F.); (M.S.S.d.F.); (H.R.G.); (L.D.A.B.); (T.F.d.L.A.); (L.F.S.S.)
| | - Lucyelly Dâmela Araújo Borborema
- Academic Unit of Agricultural Engineering, Federal University of Campina Grande, Campina Grande 58430-380, PB, Brazil; (V.L.A.d.L.); (A.A.R.d.S.); (J.D.C.); (E.J.M.C.); (F.d.A.d.S.); (P.D.F.); (M.S.S.d.F.); (H.R.G.); (L.D.A.B.); (T.F.d.L.A.); (L.F.S.S.)
| | - Thiago Filipe de Lima Arruda
- Academic Unit of Agricultural Engineering, Federal University of Campina Grande, Campina Grande 58430-380, PB, Brazil; (V.L.A.d.L.); (A.A.R.d.S.); (J.D.C.); (E.J.M.C.); (F.d.A.d.S.); (P.D.F.); (M.S.S.d.F.); (H.R.G.); (L.D.A.B.); (T.F.d.L.A.); (L.F.S.S.)
| | - Larissa Fernanda Souza Santos
- Academic Unit of Agricultural Engineering, Federal University of Campina Grande, Campina Grande 58430-380, PB, Brazil; (V.L.A.d.L.); (A.A.R.d.S.); (J.D.C.); (E.J.M.C.); (F.d.A.d.S.); (P.D.F.); (M.S.S.d.F.); (H.R.G.); (L.D.A.B.); (T.F.d.L.A.); (L.F.S.S.)
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Suwan P, Boonsoongnern A, Phuttapatimok S, Sukmak M, Jirawattanapong P, Chumsing W, Boodde O, Woramahatthanon K, Woonwong Y. Effectiveness of gilt acclimatization - improvement procedures in a farm with recurrent outbreaks of porcine epidemic diarrhea. Vet World 2023; 16:1695-1701. [PMID: 37766703 PMCID: PMC10521180 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2023.1695-1701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim Porcine epidemic diarrhea (PED) is a severe infectious disease that causes very high mortality in newborn piglets up to 2-3 weeks age. The main cause of repeated outbreaks of PED in infected farms is the continuing circulation of the PED virus (PEDV). Improper gilt management, including inappropriate gut feedback, commingling, and inadequate immunization, causes a prolonged virus circulation in breeding herds. Moreover, insufficient transfer of passive immunity through the colostrum to newborn piglets can also increase infection risk. Therefore, a gilt management program that controls infection should focus on infection monitoring and acclimatization. We investigated the source of recurrent PEDV outbreaks and examined how the effect of immunization methods, specifically using gut feedback mechanism and vaccination, can reduce PEDV circulation and improve immune responses in replacement gilts. Materials and Methods The study site was a segregated commercial production farm with endemic PEDV. The acclimatization methods included gut feedback and vaccination. This longitudinal study evaluated two strategies of gilt acclimatization against PEDV: Program 1 (routine farm management) and Program 2 (early feedback program and all-in-all-out system). Levels of PED RNA in fecal samples were measured using quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, and the PEDV S gene was sequenced. Porcine epidemic diarrhea-specific immune responses were assessed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and the serum neutralization test. Results Porcine epidemic diarrhea outbreaks occurred in the farrowing, nursery, and finishing units and farrowed litters 5-10 days old were symptomatic of PED. Phylogenetic analyses of the S gene showed PEDV sequence divergence between PEDV field strains and vaccine strain, which may contribute to periodic outbreaks and continued persistence of PEDV in the farm. After gut feedback and acclimatization, replacement gilts from Program 1 continued to shed PEDV before being introduced to sow herds, while those from Program 2 did not shed PEDV before being introduced to sow herds. However, the components of the immune response against PEDV in serum samples, including specific immunoglobulin (Ig)G, specific IgA, and neutralizing antibodies were lower in gilts of Program 2 than those in Program 1. Conclusion We speculate that implementing the appropriate gilt acclimatization program can control PEDV circulation in farm. However, the acclimatization methods in Program 2 did not induce a strong and adequate immune response in replacement gilts. Therefore, maternal immunity levels and the degree of protection against PEDV require further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pimpakarn Suwan
- Graduate Program in Veterinary Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Kamphaeng Saen, Nakhon Pathom, 73140, Thailand
| | - Alongkot Boonsoongnern
- Department of Farm Resources and Production Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Kamphaeng Saen, Nakhon Pathom, 73140, Thailand
| | - Sahathat Phuttapatimok
- Kamphaengsaen Veterinary Diagnostic Center, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Kamphaeng Saen, Nakhon Pathom, 73140, Thailand
| | - Manakorn Sukmak
- Department of Farm Resources and Production Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Kamphaeng Saen, Nakhon Pathom, 73140, Thailand
| | - Pichai Jirawattanapong
- Department of Farm Resources and Production Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Kamphaeng Saen, Nakhon Pathom, 73140, Thailand
| | - Wilairat Chumsing
- Department of Farm Resources and Production Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Kamphaeng Saen, Nakhon Pathom, 73140, Thailand
| | - Orawan Boodde
- Department of Farm Resources and Production Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Kamphaeng Saen, Nakhon Pathom, 73140, Thailand
| | - Krithiran Woramahatthanon
- Kamphaengsaen Veterinary Diagnostic Center, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Kamphaeng Saen, Nakhon Pathom, 73140, Thailand
| | - Yonlayong Woonwong
- Department of Farm Resources and Production Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Kamphaeng Saen, Nakhon Pathom, 73140, Thailand
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Nouhou Moussa AW, Sawadogo B, Konate Y, Thianhoun B, Sidibe SDS, Heran M. Influence of Solid Retention Time on Membrane Fouling and Biogas Recovery in Anerobic Membrane Bioreactor Treating Sugarcane Industry Wastewater in Sahelian Climate. Membranes (Basel) 2023; 13:710. [PMID: 37623771 PMCID: PMC10456350 DOI: 10.3390/membranes13080710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Sugarcane industries produce wastewater loaded with various pollutants. For reuse of treated wastewater and valorization of biogas in a Sahelian climatic context, the performance of an anaerobic membrane bioreactor was studied for two solid retention times (40 days and infinity). The pilot was fed with real wastewater from a sugarcane operation with an organic load ranging from 15 to 22 gCOD/L/d for 353 days. The temperature in the reactor was maintained at 35 °C. Acclimatization was the first stage during which suspended solids (SS) and volatile suspended solids (VSS) evolved from 9 to 13 g/L and from 5 to 10 g/L respectively, with a VSS/SS ratio of about 80%. While operating the pilot at a solid retention time (SRT) of 40 days, the chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal efficiency reached 85%, and the (VSS)/(TSS) ratio was 94% in the reactor. At infinity solid retention time, these values were 96% and 80%, respectively. The 40-day solid retention time resulted in a change in transmembrane pressure (TMP) from 0.0812 to 2.18 bar, with a maximum methane production of 0.21 L/gCOD removed. These values are lower than those observed at an infinite solid retention time, at which the maximum methane production of 0.29 L/gCOD was achieved, with a corresponding transmembrane pressure variation of up to 3.1 bar. At a shorter solid retention time, the fouling seemed to decrease with biogas production. However, we note interesting retention rates of over 95% for turbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdoul Wahab Nouhou Moussa
- Laboratoire Eaux Hydro-Systèmes et Agriculture (LEHSA), Institut International d’Ingénierie de l’Eau et de l’Environnement (2iE), Rue de la science, Ouagadougou 01 BP 594, Burkina Faso; (B.S.); (Y.K.); (B.T.)
| | - Boukary Sawadogo
- Laboratoire Eaux Hydro-Systèmes et Agriculture (LEHSA), Institut International d’Ingénierie de l’Eau et de l’Environnement (2iE), Rue de la science, Ouagadougou 01 BP 594, Burkina Faso; (B.S.); (Y.K.); (B.T.)
| | - Yacouba Konate
- Laboratoire Eaux Hydro-Systèmes et Agriculture (LEHSA), Institut International d’Ingénierie de l’Eau et de l’Environnement (2iE), Rue de la science, Ouagadougou 01 BP 594, Burkina Faso; (B.S.); (Y.K.); (B.T.)
| | - Brony Thianhoun
- Laboratoire Eaux Hydro-Systèmes et Agriculture (LEHSA), Institut International d’Ingénierie de l’Eau et de l’Environnement (2iE), Rue de la science, Ouagadougou 01 BP 594, Burkina Faso; (B.S.); (Y.K.); (B.T.)
| | - Sayon dit Sadio Sidibe
- Laboratoire Energies Renouvelable et Efficacité Energétique (LaBEREE), Institut International d’Ingénierie de l’Eau et de l’Environnement (2iE), Rue de la science, Ouagadougou 01 BP 194, Burkina Faso;
| | - Marc Heran
- Institut Européen des Membranes (IEM), UMR-5635, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, Place Eugène Bataillon, CEDEX 5, 34095 Montpellier, France;
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Saxer S, Bader PR, Schneider SR, Mademilov M, Sheraliev U, Appenzeller P, Müller J, Sooronbaev TM, Bloch KE, Ulrich S, Lichtblau M. Echocardiography and extravascular lung water during 3 weeks of exposure to high altitude in otherwise healthy asthmatics. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1214887. [PMID: 37560159 PMCID: PMC10407397 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1214887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Asthma rehabilitation at high altitude is common. Little is known about the acute and subacute cardiopulmonary acclimatization to high altitude in middle-aged asthmatics without other comorbidities. Methods: In this prospective study in lowlander subjects with mostly mild asthma who revealed an asthma control questionnaire score >0.75 and participated in a three-week rehabilitation program, we assessed systolic pulmonary artery pressure (sPAP), cardiac function, and extravascular lung water (EVLW) at 760 m (baseline) by Doppler-echocardiography and on the second (acute) and last day (subacute) at a high altitude clinic in Kyrgyzstan (3100 m). Results: The study included 22 patients (eight male) with a mean age of 44.3 ± 12.4 years, body mass index of 25.8 ± 4.7 kg/m2, a forced expiratory volume in 1 s of 92% ± 19% predicted (post-bronchodilator), and partially uncontrolled asthma. sPAP increased from 21.8 mmHg by mean difference by 7.5 [95% confidence interval 3.9 to 10.5] mmHg (p < 0.001) during acute exposure and by 4.8 [1.0 to 8.6] mmHg (p = 0.014) during subacute exposure. The right-ventricular-to-pulmonary-artery coupling expressed by TAPSE/sPAP decreased from 1.1 by -0.2 [-0.3 to -0.1] mm/mmHg (p < 0.001) during acute exposure and by -0.2 [-0.3 to -0.1] mm/mmHg (p = 0.002) during subacute exposure, accordingly. EVLW significantly increased from baseline (1.3 ± 1.8) to acute hypoxia (5.5 ± 3.5, p < 0.001) but showed no difference after 3 weeks (2.0 ± 1.8). Conclusion: In otherwise healthy asthmatics, acute exposure to hypoxia at high altitude increases pulmonary artery pressure (PAP) and EVLW. During subacute exposure, PAP remains increased, but EVLW returns to baseline values, suggesting compensatory mechanisms that contribute to EVLW homeostasis during acclimatization.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Saxer
- Department of Pulmonology, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Swiss-Kyrgyz High Altitude Medicine and Research Initiative, Tuja-Ashu, Kyrgyzstan
- Eastern University of Applied Sciences, St Gallen, Switzerland
| | - P. R. Bader
- Department of Pulmonology, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Swiss-Kyrgyz High Altitude Medicine and Research Initiative, Tuja-Ashu, Kyrgyzstan
| | - S. R. Schneider
- Department of Pulmonology, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Swiss-Kyrgyz High Altitude Medicine and Research Initiative, Tuja-Ashu, Kyrgyzstan
| | - M. Mademilov
- Swiss-Kyrgyz High Altitude Medicine and Research Initiative, Tuja-Ashu, Kyrgyzstan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Center for Cardiology and Internal Medicine, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan
| | - U. Sheraliev
- Swiss-Kyrgyz High Altitude Medicine and Research Initiative, Tuja-Ashu, Kyrgyzstan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Center for Cardiology and Internal Medicine, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan
| | - P. Appenzeller
- Department of Pulmonology, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Swiss-Kyrgyz High Altitude Medicine and Research Initiative, Tuja-Ashu, Kyrgyzstan
| | - J. Müller
- Department of Pulmonology, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Swiss-Kyrgyz High Altitude Medicine and Research Initiative, Tuja-Ashu, Kyrgyzstan
| | - T. M. Sooronbaev
- Swiss-Kyrgyz High Altitude Medicine and Research Initiative, Tuja-Ashu, Kyrgyzstan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Center for Cardiology and Internal Medicine, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan
| | - K. E. Bloch
- Department of Pulmonology, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Swiss-Kyrgyz High Altitude Medicine and Research Initiative, Tuja-Ashu, Kyrgyzstan
| | - S. Ulrich
- Department of Pulmonology, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Swiss-Kyrgyz High Altitude Medicine and Research Initiative, Tuja-Ashu, Kyrgyzstan
| | - M. Lichtblau
- Department of Pulmonology, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Swiss-Kyrgyz High Altitude Medicine and Research Initiative, Tuja-Ashu, Kyrgyzstan
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Aboouf MA, Thiersch M, Soliz J, Gassmann M, Schneider Gasser EM. The Brain at High Altitude: From Molecular Signaling to Cognitive Performance. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10179. [PMID: 37373327 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241210179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The brain requires over one-fifth of the total body oxygen demand for normal functioning. At high altitude (HA), the lower atmospheric oxygen pressure inevitably challenges the brain, affecting voluntary spatial attention, cognitive processing, and attention speed after short-term, long-term, or lifespan exposure. Molecular responses to HA are controlled mainly by hypoxia-inducible factors. This review aims to summarize the cellular, metabolic, and functional alterations in the brain at HA with a focus on the role of hypoxia-inducible factors in controlling the hypoxic ventilatory response, neuronal survival, metabolism, neurogenesis, synaptogenesis, and plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa A Aboouf
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zürich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt
- Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Markus Thiersch
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zürich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
- Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jorge Soliz
- Institute Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec (IUCPQ), Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 4G5, Canada
| | - Max Gassmann
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zürich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
- Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Edith M Schneider Gasser
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zürich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
- Institute Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec (IUCPQ), Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 4G5, Canada
- Neuroscience Center Zurich, University of Zurich and ETH Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
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Pühringer R, Muckenthaler M, Burtscher M. Association Between Ferritin Levels and Altitude-Dependent Cardiorespiratory Fitness in Mountain Guides. High Alt Med Biol 2023; 24:139-143. [PMID: 37134197 DOI: 10.1089/ham.2023.0016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Pühringer, Reinhard, Martina Muckenthaler, and Martin Burtscher. Association between ferritin levels and altitude-dependent cardiorespiratory fitness in mountain guides. High Alt Med Biol. 24:139-143, 2023. Background: Higher ferritin levels may be associated with lower cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF; i.e., maximal oxygen uptake, VO2max) and may represent early markers of cardiovascular risk but may also support high-altitude acclimatization. To evaluate these potential associations, data recordings from a large sample of male mountain guides have been analyzed. Methods: A total of 154 data sets (including anthropometric data, VO2max, blood lipids, hemoglobin, ferritin, and transferrin levels) of regularly physically active and well-acclimatized mountain guides were available for analyses. Participants performed equal incremental cycle ergometer tests to exhaustion at low (600 m) and (∼1 week later) at moderate altitude (2,000 m). Results: Ferritin levels were positively correlated with levels of hemoglobin (r = 0.29, p < 0.01), total cholesterol (r = 0.18, p < 0.05), triglycerides (r = 0.23, p < 0.01), and low-density lipoprotein (r = 0.22, p < 0.01), and negatively with high-density lipoprotein levels (r = -0.16, p < 0.05) and also with baseline (taken at low altitude) VO2max values (r = -0.19, p < 0.05). In contrast, higher ferritin levels were associated with less VO2max decline from low-to-moderate altitude (r = 0.26, p < 0.01). Conclusion: Higher ferritin levels in male mountain guides are weakly associated with lower CRF and higher prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors but with slightly less reduction in VO2max when acutely exposed to moderate altitude. The clinical relevance of these observations needs further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reinhard Pühringer
- Department of Sport Science, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
- Austrian Society for Alpine- and High-Altitude Medicine, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Martina Muckenthaler
- Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology, Immunology and Pulmonology, Centre for Translational Biomedical Iron Research, Molecular Medicine Partnership Unit (MMPU) Group Leader, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Martin Burtscher
- Department of Sport Science, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
- Austrian Society for Alpine- and High-Altitude Medicine, Innsbruck, Austria
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31
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Sampson PE. "The lungs of a ship": Ventilation, acclimatization, and labor in the maritime environment, 1740-1800. Hist Sci 2023; 61:214-235. [PMID: 34581236 DOI: 10.1177/00732753211046449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
This article examines the connection between projects for shipboard ventilation and the shifting medical discourse about acclimatization in the British Empire during the eighteenth century. I argue that the design, use, and disuse of a class of shipboard "ventilators" proposed by natural philosopher Stephen Hales helps us to trace changing ideas about the ability of European bodies to acclimate, or "season," to tropical environments. These ventilating machines appealed to British administrators because they represented an embodiment of providential and enlightened ideas that validated the expansion of overseas empire. In addition, they promised to increase labor efficiency by reducing the mortality and misery experienced by the sailors and enslaved people during long sea voyages. As skepticism about acclimatization grew in response to stubbornly high mortality rates in the West Indies, Hales' ventilators fell out of favor - a development underscored by their dismissal as a potential solution for the appalling conditions found in the transatlantic slave trade. By examining ventilators' nearly fifty-year career in naval and slave ships, this article will show the role of technology and the shipboard environment in the transition from enlightened optimism about acclimatization toward later attitudes of racial and environmental essentialism.
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32
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Reeves C, Tikkinen M, Aronen T, Krajnakova J. Application of Cold Storage and Short In Vitro Germination for Somatic Embryos of Pinus radiata and P. sylvestris. Plants (Basel) 2023; 12:plants12112095. [PMID: 37299075 DOI: 10.3390/plants12112095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Somatic embryogenesis (SE) is an advanced vegetative propagation technology that, when used in combination with breeding and cryopreservation, offers the forest industry a powerful tool for the deployment of elite genotypes. Germination and acclimatization are critical and cost-intensive phases in the production of somatic plants. The efficient conversion of somatic embryos into robust plants is a necessity if a propagation protocol is to be successfully adopted by the industry. In this work, these late phases of the SE protocol of two pine species were investigated. A shortened germination protocol and more controlled acclimatization were investigated for Pinus radiata, testing embryos from 18 embryogenic cell lines. A more simplified protocol, including a cold storage phase, was also compared among 10 of these cell lines. A shortened germination period and more controlled protocols significantly improved the acclimatization of somatic embryos directly from the lab to the glasshouse. When results for all cell lines were pooled, there were significant improvements in all growth characteristics (shoot height, root length, root collar diameter, and root quadrant score). When the more simplified protocol involving cold storage was tested, improvements were seen in the root architecture. For Pinus sylvestris, the late phases of somatic embryogenesis were investigated on seven cell lines in a set of two trials (four to seven cell lines per trial). During the germination phase, a shortened and simplified in vitro period, a cold storage option and basal media were explored. Viable plants were obtained from all treatments. However, there is still the need to improve germination and related protocols together with growing regimes for Pinus sylvestris. The improvements to protocols presented here, particularly for Pinus radiata, result in greater survival and quality of somatic emblings, leading to reduced costs and increased confidence in the technology. Simplified protocols using a cold storage option show great promise and, with some further research, could lead to reductions in the cost of the technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cathie Reeves
- Scion, Te Papa Tipu Innovation Park, 49 Sala Street, Private Bag 3020, Rotorua 3046, New Zealand
| | - Mikko Tikkinen
- Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), FI-57200 Savonlinna, Finland
| | - Tuija Aronen
- Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), FI-57200 Savonlinna, Finland
| | - Jana Krajnakova
- Scion, Te Papa Tipu Innovation Park, 49 Sala Street, Private Bag 3020, Rotorua 3046, New Zealand
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Lee JW, Kim JU, Bang KH, Kwon N, Kim YC, Jo IH, Park YD. Efficient Somatic Embryogenesis, Regeneration and Acclimatization of Panax ginseng Meyer: True-to-Type Conformity of Plantlets as Confirmed by ISSR Analysis. Plants (Basel) 2023; 12:1270. [PMID: 36986958 PMCID: PMC10053578 DOI: 10.3390/plants12061270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Panax ginseng Meyer grows in east Russia and Asia. There is a high demand for this crop due to its medicinal properties. However, its low reproductive efficiency has been a hindrance to the crop's widespread use. This study aims to establish an efficient regeneration and acclimatization system for the crop. The type of basal media and strength were evaluated for their effects on somatic embryogenesis, germination, and regeneration. The highest rate of somatic embryogenesis was achieved for the basal media MS, N6, and GD, with the optimal nitrogen content (≥35 mM) and NH4+/NO3- ratio (1:2 or 1:4). The full-strength MS medium was the best one for somatic embryo induction. However, the diluted MS medium had a more positive effect on embryo maturation. Additionally, the basal media affected shooting, rooting, and plantlet formation. The germination medium containing 1/2 MS facilitated good shoot development; however, the medium with 1/2 SH yielded outstanding root development. In vitro-grown roots were successfully transferred to soil, and they exhibited a high survival rate (86.3%). Finally, the ISSR marker analysis demonstrated that the regenerated plants were not different from the control. The obtained results provide valuable information for a more efficient micropropagation of various P. ginseng cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Woo Lee
- Department of Herbal Crop Research, National Institution of Horticultural and Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration, Eumseong 27709, Republic of Korea
- Department of Horticultural Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Jang-Uk Kim
- Department of Herbal Crop Research, National Institution of Horticultural and Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration, Eumseong 27709, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyong-Hwan Bang
- Department of Herbal Crop Research, National Institution of Horticultural and Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration, Eumseong 27709, Republic of Korea
| | - Nayeong Kwon
- Department of Herbal Crop Research, National Institution of Horticultural and Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration, Eumseong 27709, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Chang Kim
- Research Policy Bureau, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju 54875, Republic of Korea
| | - Ick-Hyun Jo
- Department of Crop Science and Biotechnology, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Doo Park
- Department of Horticultural Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Republic of Korea
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Nye NS, Grubic T, Kim M, O'Connor F, Deuster PA. Universal Training Precautions: A Review of Evidence and Recommendations for Prevention of Exercise-Related Injury, Illness, and Death in Warfighters and Athletes. J Athl Train 2023; 58:232-243. [PMID: 35724358 PMCID: PMC10176841 DOI: 10.4085/1062-6050-0400.21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Facing pressure to train for victory, warfighters and athletes encounter numerous health risks that are directly related to their regular physical training. The concept of universal training precautions (UTPs) signifies universal processes designed to prevent unnecessary bodily harm, including injury, illness, and death, during physical training programs. Although no formal guidelines exist for collectively implementing a defined set of UTPs to address a broad scope of exercise-related health risks, recommendations and guidelines have been published relating to preventing sudden death during high school sports and collegiate conditioning sessions. A long list of critical topics must be considered as UTPs, including physical fitness factors, transition-period accommodation, hydration, environmental factors and acclimatization, appropriate recovery, use of medications and dietary supplements, and importantly, leadership. In this article, we outline in detail, with corresponding Strength of Recommendation Taxonomy ratings, what should be considered universal recommendations to minimize the risk of warfighters and athletes coming to harm when participating in group physical activities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tyler Grubic
- Aviation Survival Training Center, NAS Patuxent River, MD
| | - Michael Kim
- Sports Medicine Clinic, Fort Belvoir Community Hospital, VA
| | | | - Patricia A. Deuster
- USU/MEM Consortium for Health and Military Performance, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Silver Spring, MD
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Donelan SC, Ogburn MB, Breitburg D. Legacy of past exposure to hypoxia and warming regulates an ecosystem service provided by oysters. Glob Chang Biol 2023; 29:1328-1339. [PMID: 36541067 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Climate change is having substantial impacts on organism fitness and ability to deliver critical ecosystem services, but these effects are often examined only in response to current environments. Past exposure to stress can also affect individuals via carryover effects, and whether these effects scale from individuals to influence ecosystem function and services is unknown. We explored within-generation carryover effects of two coastal climate change stressors-hypoxia and warming-on oyster (Crassostrea virginica) growth and nitrogen bioassimilation, an important ecosystem service. Oysters were exposed to a factorial combination of two temperature and two diel-cycling dissolved oxygen treatments at 3-months-old and again 1 year later. Carryover effects of hypoxia and warming influenced oyster growth and nitrogen storage in complex and context-dependent ways. When operating, carryover effects of single stressors generally reduced oyster nitrogen bioassimilation and relative investment in tissue versus shell growth, particularly in warm environments, while early life exposure to multiple stressors generally allowed oysters to perform as well as control oysters. When extrapolated to the reef scale, carryover effects decreased nitrogen stored by modeled oyster reefs in most conditions, with reductions as large as 41%, a substantial decline in a critical ecosystem service. In some scenarios, however, carryover effects increased nitrogen storage by modeled oyster reefs, again highlighting the complexity of these effects. Hence, even brief exposure to climate change stressors early in life may have persistent effects on an ecosystem service 1 year later. Our results show for the first time that within-generation carryover effects on individual phenotypes can impact processes at the ecosystem scale and may therefore be an overlooked factor determining ecosystem service delivery in response to anthropogenic change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah C Donelan
- Smithsonian Environmental Research Center, Edgewater, Maryland, USA
| | - Matthew B Ogburn
- Smithsonian Environmental Research Center, Edgewater, Maryland, USA
| | - Denise Breitburg
- Smithsonian Environmental Research Center, Edgewater, Maryland, USA
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36
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Stacey BS, Hoiland RL, Caldwell HG, Howe CA, Vermeulen T, Tymko MM, Vizcardo‐Galindo GA, Bermudez D, Figueroa‐Mujíica RJ, Gasho C, Tuaillon E, Hirtz C, Lehmann S, Marchi N, Tsukamoto H, Villafuerte FC, Ainslie PN, Bailey DM. Lifelong exposure to high-altitude hypoxia in humans is associated with improved redox homeostasis and structural-functional adaptations of the neurovascular unit. J Physiol 2023; 601:1095-1120. [PMID: 36633375 PMCID: PMC10952731 DOI: 10.1113/jp283362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
High-altitude (HA) hypoxia may alter the structural-functional integrity of the neurovascular unit (NVU). Herein, we compared male lowlanders (n = 9) at sea level (SL) and after 14 days acclimatization to 4300 m (chronic HA) in Cerro de Pasco (CdP), Péru (HA), against sex-, age- and body mass index-matched healthy highlanders (n = 9) native to CdP (lifelong HA). Venous blood was assayed for serum proteins reflecting NVU integrity, in addition to free radicals and nitric oxide (NO). Regional cerebral blood flow (CBF) was examined in conjunction with cerebral substrate delivery, dynamic cerebral autoregulation (dCA), cerebrovascular reactivity to carbon dioxide (CVRCO2 ) and neurovascular coupling (NVC). Psychomotor tests were employed to examine cognitive function. Compared to lowlanders at SL, highlanders exhibited elevated basal plasma and red blood cell NO bioavailability, improved anterior and posterior dCA, elevated anterior CVRCO2 and preserved cerebral substrate delivery, NVC and cognition. In highlanders, S100B, neurofilament light-chain (NF-L) and T-tau were consistently lower and cognition comparable to lowlanders following chronic-HA. These findings highlight novel integrated adaptations towards regulation of the NVU in highlanders that may represent a neuroprotective phenotype underpinning successful adaptation to the lifelong stress of HA hypoxia. KEY POINTS: High-altitude (HA) hypoxia has the potential to alter the structural-functional integrity of the neurovascular unit (NVU) in humans. For the first time, we examined to what extent chronic and lifelong hypoxia impacts multimodal biomarkers reflecting NVU structure and function in lowlanders and native Andean highlanders. Despite lowlanders presenting with a reduction in systemic oxidative-nitrosative stress and maintained cerebral bioenergetics and cerebrovascular function during chronic hypoxia, there was evidence for increased axonal injury and cognitive impairment. Compared to lowlanders at sea level, highlanders exhibited elevated vascular NO bioavailability, improved dynamic regulatory capacity and cerebrovascular reactivity, comparable cerebral substrate delivery and neurovascular coupling, and maintained cognition. Unlike lowlanders following chronic HA, highlanders presented with lower concentrations of S100B, neurofilament light chain and total tau. These findings highlight novel integrated adaptations towards the regulation of the NVU in highlanders that may represent a neuroprotective phenotype underpinning successful adaptation to the lifelong stress of HA hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin S. Stacey
- Neurovascular Research Laboratory, Faculty of Life Sciences and EducationUniversity of South WalesPontypriddUK
| | - Ryan L. Hoiland
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Vancouver General HospitalUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverBritish ColumbiaCanada
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverBritish ColumbiaCanada
| | - Hannah G. Caldwell
- Centre for Heart, Lung and Vascular HealthUniversity of British Columbia‐Okanagan CampusKelownaBritish ColumbiaCanada
| | - Connor A. Howe
- Centre for Heart, Lung and Vascular HealthUniversity of British Columbia‐Okanagan CampusKelownaBritish ColumbiaCanada
| | - Tyler Vermeulen
- Centre for Heart, Lung and Vascular HealthUniversity of British Columbia‐Okanagan CampusKelownaBritish ColumbiaCanada
| | - Michael M. Tymko
- Centre for Heart, Lung and Vascular HealthUniversity of British Columbia‐Okanagan CampusKelownaBritish ColumbiaCanada
- Faculty of Kinesiology, Sport, and RecreationUniversity of AlbertaEdmontonAlbertaCanada
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverBritish ColumbiaCanada
| | - Gustavo A. Vizcardo‐Galindo
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Comparada, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas y Fisiológicas, Facultad de Ciencias y FilosofíaUniversidad Peruana Cayetano HerediaLima 31Peru
| | - Daniella Bermudez
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Comparada, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas y Fisiológicas, Facultad de Ciencias y FilosofíaUniversidad Peruana Cayetano HerediaLima 31Peru
| | - Rómulo J. Figueroa‐Mujíica
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Comparada, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas y Fisiológicas, Facultad de Ciencias y FilosofíaUniversidad Peruana Cayetano HerediaLima 31Peru
| | - Christopher Gasho
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical CareLoma Linda University School of MedicineLoma LindaCAUSA
| | - Edouard Tuaillon
- Department of Infectious DiseasesUniversity of MontpellierMontpellierFrance
| | - Christophe Hirtz
- LBPC‐PPCUniversité de Montpellier, IRMB CHU de Montpellier, INM INSERMMontpellierFrance
| | - Sylvain Lehmann
- LBPC‐PPCUniversité de Montpellier, IRMB CHU de Montpellier, INM INSERMMontpellierFrance
| | - Nicola Marchi
- Laboratory of Cerebrovascular and Glia Research, Department of Neuroscience, Institute of Functional GenomicsUniversity of MontpellierMontpellierFrance
| | - Hayato Tsukamoto
- Faculty of Sport and Health ScienceRitsumeikan UniversityKusatsuShigaJapan
| | - Francisco C. Villafuerte
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Comparada, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas y Fisiológicas, Facultad de Ciencias y FilosofíaUniversidad Peruana Cayetano HerediaLima 31Peru
| | - Philip N. Ainslie
- Neurovascular Research Laboratory, Faculty of Life Sciences and EducationUniversity of South WalesPontypriddUK
- Centre for Heart, Lung and Vascular HealthUniversity of British Columbia‐Okanagan CampusKelownaBritish ColumbiaCanada
| | - Damian M. Bailey
- Neurovascular Research Laboratory, Faculty of Life Sciences and EducationUniversity of South WalesPontypriddUK
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Zhong X, Du W, Zong Z, Jiang R, Jia Y, Ye Z, Yang H. Features of Coagulo-Fibrinolytic Derangement Due to Bleeding in Nonacclimatized Rabbits Acutely Exposed to High Altitude. High Alt Med Biol 2023; 24:68-75. [PMID: 36940102 DOI: 10.1089/ham.2022.0100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Zhong, Xin, Wenqiong Du, Zhaowen Zong, Renqing Jiang, Yijun Jia, Zhao Ye, and Haoyang Yang. Features of coagulo-fibrinolytic derangement due to bleeding in nonacclimatized rabbits acutely exposed to high altitude. High Alt Med Biol. 24:68-75, 2023. Background: The present study aimed to observe the time course of coagulo-fibrinolytic derangement due to bleeding in rabbits acutely exposed to high altitude (HA). Materials and Methods: Forty-eight rabbits were randomly divided into four groups and were subjected to minor bleeding at low altitude, major bleeding at low altitude, minor bleeding after acute exposure to HA, and major bleeding after acute exposure to HA. To produce minor and major bleeding, 10% and 30% of the total blood volume was removed, respectively. At designated time points, samples were taken for laboratory examination. Results: While minor bleeding at low altitude led to minor coagulo-fibrinolytic derangements, it led to complicated derangements at HA, which presented as an early hypercoagulable state and transition to hypocoagulable and hyperfibrinolytic states with lower clot firmness. Major bleeding at HA resulted in greater derangements of the R time, K values, the D-dimer concentration, the alpha angle, maximum amplitude, and the concentration of fibrinogen than were observed at low altitude. Conclusions: The extent of coagulo-fibrinolytic derangements due to bleeding in rabbits after acute exposure to HA was more severe and complicated than that at low altitude. Therefore, proper resuscitation should be applied based on these changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Department for Combat Casualty Care Training, Training Base for Army Health Care and Department of Orthopedics, XinQiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wenqiong Du
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Department for Combat Casualty Care Training, Training Base for Army Health Care and Department of Orthopedics, XinQiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhaowen Zong
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Department for Combat Casualty Care Training, Training Base for Army Health Care and Department of Orthopedics, XinQiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Renqing Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Department for Combat Casualty Care Training, Training Base for Army Health Care and Department of Orthopedics, XinQiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yijun Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Department for Combat Casualty Care Training, Training Base for Army Health Care and Department of Orthopedics, XinQiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhao Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Department for Combat Casualty Care Training, Training Base for Army Health Care and Department of Orthopedics, XinQiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Haoyang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Department for Combat Casualty Care Training, Training Base for Army Health Care and Department of Orthopedics, XinQiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Dewir YH, Habib MM, Alaizari AA, Malik JA, Al-Ali AM, Al-Qarawi AA, Alwahibi MS. Promising Application of Automated Liquid Culture System and Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi for Large-Scale Micropropagation of Red Dragon Fruit. Plants (Basel) 2023; 12:1037. [PMID: 36903898 PMCID: PMC10005386 DOI: 10.3390/plants12051037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Red dragon fruit (Hylocereus polyrhizus) is an economic and promising fruit crop in arid and semi-arid regions with water shortage. An automated liquid culture system using bioreactors is a potential tool for micropropagation and large-scale production. In this study, axillary cladode multiplication of H. polyrhizus was assessed using cladode tips and cladode segments in gelled culture versus continuous immersion air-lift bioreactors (with or without a net). Axillary multiplication using cladode segments (6.4 cladodes per explant) was more effective than cladode tip explants (4.5 cladodes per explant) in gelled culture. Compared with gelled culture, continuous immersion bioreactors provided high axillary cladode multiplication (45.9 cladodes per explant) with a higher biomass and length of axillary cladodes. Inoculation of H. polyrhizus micropropagated plantlets with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (Gigaspora margarita and Gigaspora albida) significantly increased the vegetative growth during acclimatization. These findings will improve the large-scale propagation of dragon fruit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaser Hassan Dewir
- Plant Production Department, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh 33516, Egypt
| | - Muhammad M. Habib
- Plant Production Department, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Ali Alaizari
- Plant Production Department, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jahangir A. Malik
- Plant Production Department, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali Mohsen Al-Ali
- Plant Production Department, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - AbdulAziz A. Al-Qarawi
- Plant Production Department, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mona S. Alwahibi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11495, Saudi Arabia
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Markou G, Kougia E, Arapoglou D, Chentir I, Andreou V, Tzovenis I. Production of Arthrospira platensis: Effects on Growth and Biochemical Composition of Long-Term Acclimatization at Different Salinities. Bioengineering (Basel) 2023; 10. [PMID: 36829727 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10020233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Arthrospira platensis is an edible cyanobacterium with high nutritional value. Even though A. platensis is not a marine species, it can be adapted to higher salinities, a strategy that could allow mass cultivation using brackish or saline water. In this work A. platensis was long-term adapted at different salinities (5-60 g/L NaCl added as natural sea salt) to evaluate the growth and biochemical composition of the biomass produced. Biomass production was enhanced in salinity up to 40 g/L NaCl, while at 60 g/L NaCl biomass production slightly decreased. However, it displayed higher values compared to the conventional Zarrouk growth medium. By increasing the salinity, carbohydrate content increases, while proteins, phycocyanin, carotenoids, and total phenolics decreased. Biomass content in lipids, and chlorophyll along with the antioxidant capacity of extracts, was not significantly affected. A. platensis tended to increase the unsaturated fatty acids, while amino acid composition was not significantly affected by the increased salinity. However, in vitro protein digestibility was negatively affected when salinity was above 20 g/L NaCl. It was macroscopically observed that trichomes were longer at higher salinities, and especially at 40 g/L NaCl. The results suggest that A. platensis when acclimated in long-term can be grown successfully at various salinities.
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Parzymies M, Pogorzelec M, Głębocka K, Sliwinska E. Micropropagation Protocol and Genetic Stability of the Salix myrtilloides Plants Cultivated In Vitro. Biology (Basel) 2023; 12:biology12020168. [PMID: 36829447 PMCID: PMC9952878 DOI: 10.3390/biology12020168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Salix myrtilloides L. is a relict species, threatened with extinction in many European countries. To prevent the loss of the species, tissue culture was established to produce plant material for reintroduction in natural habitats. Micropropagation was chosen as a method to obtain new plants. S. myrtilloides shoots were disinfected with NaOCl, AgNO3, or with a two-step disinfection with NaOCl, and then placed on MS medium supplemented with BA at 1 mg·dm-3 and IBA at 0.1 mg·dm-3. Regenerated shoots were cultivated in presence of BA, KIN, and 2iP to select the treatment with the highest multiplication rate. The obtained plants were acclimatized to ex vitro conditions. Inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) and flow cytometric analyses were conducted on in vitro regenerated plants to check their genetic stability. The best disinfection results were obtained when explants were treated with 1.5% NaOCl for 20 min. The highest multiplication rate and good quality plants were noted in the control media, without growth regualtors and in presence of kinetin at 0.5 mg·dm-3. Flow cytometry and ISSR analyses confirmed genetic stability in plantlets, which indicated the possibility to use the in vitro obtained plants for reintroduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzena Parzymies
- Institute of Horticultural Production, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 20-612 Lublin, Poland
| | - Magdalena Pogorzelec
- Department of Hydrobiology and Protection of Ecosystems, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 20-262 Lublin, Poland
- Correspondence:
| | - Katarzyna Głębocka
- Institute of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 20-950 Lublin, Poland
| | - Elwira Sliwinska
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Cytometry, Bydgoszcz University of Science and Technology, 85-796 Bydgoszcz, Poland
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Mallet RT, Burtscher J, Pialoux V, Pasha Q, Ahmad Y, Millet GP, Burtscher M. Molecular Mechanisms of High-Altitude Acclimatization. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021698. [PMID: 36675214 PMCID: PMC9866500 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
High-altitude illnesses (HAIs) result from acute exposure to high altitude/hypoxia. Numerous molecular mechanisms affect appropriate acclimatization to hypobaric and/or normobaric hypoxia and curtail the development of HAIs. The understanding of these mechanisms is essential to optimize hypoxic acclimatization for efficient prophylaxis and treatment of HAIs. This review aims to link outcomes of molecular mechanisms to either adverse effects of acute high-altitude/hypoxia exposure or the developing tolerance with acclimatization. After summarizing systemic physiological responses to acute high-altitude exposure, the associated acclimatization, and the epidemiology and pathophysiology of various HAIs, the article focuses on molecular adjustments and maladjustments during acute exposure and acclimatization to high altitude/hypoxia. Pivotal modifying mechanisms include molecular responses orchestrated by transcription factors, most notably hypoxia inducible factors, and reciprocal effects on mitochondrial functions and REDOX homeostasis. In addition, discussed are genetic factors and the resultant proteomic profiles determining these hypoxia-modifying mechanisms culminating in successful high-altitude acclimatization. Lastly, the article discusses practical considerations related to the molecular aspects of acclimatization and altitude training strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert T. Mallet
- Department of Physiology and Anatomy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
| | - Johannes Burtscher
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Lausanne, CH-1005 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Institute of Sport Sciences, University of Lausanne, CH-1005 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Vincent Pialoux
- Inter-University Laboratory of Human Movement Biology EA7424, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, University of Lyon, FR-69008 Lyon, France
| | - Qadar Pasha
- Institute of Hypoxia Research, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Yasmin Ahmad
- Defense Institute of Physiology & Allied Sciences (DIPAS), Defense Research & Development Organization(DRDO), New Delhi 110054, India
| | - Grégoire P. Millet
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Lausanne, CH-1005 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Institute of Sport Sciences, University of Lausanne, CH-1005 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Martin Burtscher
- Department of Sport Science, University of Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
- Austrian Society for Alpine and High-Altitude Medicine, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
- Correspondence:
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Zila-Velasque JP, Grados-Espinoza P, Morán-Mariños C, Morales Pocco KO, Capcha-Jimenez US, Ortiz-Benique ZN. Adaptation and altitude sickness: A 40-year bibliometric analysis and collaborative networks. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1069212. [PMID: 36935697 PMCID: PMC10018125 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1069212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction We analyze the scientific production and collaboration networks of studies based on adaptation and altitude diseases in the period 1980-2020. Methods The publications were extracted from journals indexed in Scopus. The bibliometric analysis was used to analyze the scientific production, including the number of annual publications, the documents, and the characteristics of the publications. With the VOSviewer software, the analysis of collaborative networks, productivity of the countries, as well as the analysis of the co-occurrence of keywords were visualized. Results 15,240 documents were registered, of which 3,985 documents were analyzed. A significant trend was observed in the number of publications (R 2: 0.9847; P: < 0.001), with annual growth of 4.6%. The largest number of publications were original articles (77.8%), these published more frequently in the journal "Altitude Medicine and Biology". The largest number of countries were from Europe and Asia; however, the largest collaboration network was with the United States. Of the countries with high altitudes, China and Peru ranked first in scientific productivity. The research priorities were on the adaptation mechanism (37.1%), mainly anoxia and respiratory function. Acute mountain sickness (18.4%) and pulmonary edema (14.7%) were the most reported diseases. Of the top 10 institutions, "University of Colorado" and "Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia" contributed more than 100 publications. Conclusions Scientific production on adaptation and altitude illnesses continues to grow. The United States and United Kingdom present collaborative networks with high-altitude countries. The research is aimed at studying the mechanisms of adaptation to altitude and acute mountain sickness.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Pierre Zila-Velasque
- Red Latinoamericana de Medicina en la Altitud e Investigación, Pasco, Peru
- Facultad de Medicina Humana, Universidad Nacional Daniel Alcides Carrión, Pasco, Peru
- Unidad de Investigación en Bibliometría, Vicerrectorado de Investigación, Universidad San Ignacio de Loyola, Lima, Peru
| | - Pamela Grados-Espinoza
- Red Latinoamericana de Medicina en la Altitud e Investigación, Pasco, Peru
- Facultad de Medicina Humana, Universidad Nacional Daniel Alcides Carrión, Pasco, Peru
| | - Cristian Morán-Mariños
- Unidad de Investigación en Bibliometría, Vicerrectorado de Investigación, Universidad San Ignacio de Loyola, Lima, Peru
- Servicio de Neumología, Hospital Nacional Dos de Mayo, Lima, Peru
- Red de Eficacia Clinica y Sanitaria (REDECS), Lima, Peru
- *Correspondence: Cristian Morán-Mariños
| | - Kevin O. Morales Pocco
- Red Latinoamericana de Medicina en la Altitud e Investigación, Pasco, Peru
- Universidad Nacional del Altiplano Puno, Puno, Peru
- Asociación Científica de Estudiantes de Medicina – UNAP, Puno, Peru
| | - Uriel S. Capcha-Jimenez
- Red Latinoamericana de Medicina en la Altitud e Investigación, Pasco, Peru
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Peru
- Sociedad Científica de San Fernando, Lima, Peru
| | - Zhamanda N. Ortiz-Benique
- Red Latinoamericana de Medicina en la Altitud e Investigación, Pasco, Peru
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional de San Agustín, Arequipa, Peru
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Heldeweg MLA, Medina Feliz JX, Berend K. Altitude Pre- Acclimatization with an Erythropoiesis-Stimulating Agent. Eur J Case Rep Intern Med 2023; 10:003792. [PMID: 37051482 PMCID: PMC10084800 DOI: 10.12890/2023_003792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction High altitude illness is a complication of rapid ascent above 2,500 m elevation. Ventilatory, circulatory and haematological adjustments, known as acclimatization, occur to maintain adequate delivery of oxygen. Although (non-)pharmaceutical strategies that modulate ventilation and circulation have long been accepted, the haematological approach has not. Case description This report describes the application of a comprehensive strategy, including prior pre-acclimatization using an erythropoiesis-stimulating agent (ESA), in two healthy subjects ascending from sea level to 6,268 m. Following ESA administration 30 days prior to ascent, the subjects had a cumulative haemoglobin rise of 7.1% and 11.9%, respectively. Both subjects experienced minimal symptoms during four incremental ascents to the final altitude and no adverse events occurred. Discussion This report has limited external validity, lacking both a sample size and controls, but can serve as practical exploration of the concept. Administration of an ESA may be a safe and useful pre-acclimatization strategy but cannot be recommended based on current evidence. More comprehensive research is needed. LEARNING POINTS High altitude illness (HAI) is a debilitating syndrome with potentially lethal consequences caused by ascent to a hypobaric atmosphere without acclimatization.Pharmacological strategies aimed at increasing oxygen delivery may be used to prevent and treat HAI.Administration of an erythropoiesis-stimulating agent may be a safe and useful pre-acclimatization strategy but cannot be recommended based on current evidence alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Micah L A Heldeweg
- Department of Internal Medicine, Curaçao Medical Center, Willemstad, Curaçao
| | | | - Kenrick Berend
- Department of Internal Medicine, Curaçao Medical Center, Willemstad, Curaçao
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Eisa EA, Tilly-Mándy A, Honfi P, Shala AY, Gururani MA. Chrysanthemum: A Comprehensive Review on Recent Developments on In Vitro Regeneration. Biology (Basel) 2022; 11:1774. [PMID: 36552283 PMCID: PMC9775112 DOI: 10.3390/biology11121774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Chrysanthemum is a flowering plant grown worldwide and is one of the most popular ornamental plants. Chrysanthemums are usually cultivated using root suckers and shoot cuttings. This conventional technique is relatively slow. In addition, as cuttings are gained regularly from mother plants, there is a chance of viral infection and degeneration, which raises the production cost. The hurdles mentioned above have been managed by applying in vitro propagation techniques, which can enhance reproduction rates through in vitro culture and use very small explants, which are impossible with the conventional approach. Usually, it is difficult to get true-to-type plants as the parents with good quality, but clonal propagation of a designated elite species makes it possible. Hence, this review highlights recent studies of the in vitro propagation of Chrysanthemum included; the appropriate explant sources, medium compositions, alternative disinfection of culture media, plant growth regulators (PGRs), different mutagenesis applications, acclimatization efficiency, and alternative light sources to overcome the shortcomings of conventional propagation techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman Abdelhakim Eisa
- Department of Floriculture and Dendrology, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Science (MATE), 1118 Budapest, Hungary
- Botanical Gardens Research Department, Horticulture Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Giza 12619, Egypt
| | - Andrea Tilly-Mándy
- Department of Floriculture and Dendrology, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Science (MATE), 1118 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Péter Honfi
- Department of Floriculture and Dendrology, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Science (MATE), 1118 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Awad Yousef Shala
- Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Research Department, Horticulture Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Giza 12619, Egypt
| | - Mayank Anand Gururani
- Biology Department, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
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Roche J, Rasmussen P, Gatterer H, Roveri G, Turner R, van Hall G, Maillard M, Walzl A, Kob M, Strapazzon G, Goetze JP, Schäfer ST, Kammerer T, Nader E, Connes P, Robert M, Mueller T, Feraille E, Siebenmann C. Hypoxia briefly increases diuresis but reduces plasma volume by fluid redistribution in women. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2022; 323:H1068-H1079. [PMID: 36269645 PMCID: PMC9678412 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00394.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
We have recently reported that hypobaric hypoxia (HH) reduces plasma volume (PV) in men by decreasing total circulating plasma protein (TCPP). Here, we investigated whether this applies to women and whether an inflammatory response and/or endothelial glycocalyx shedding could facilitate the TCCP reduction. We further investigated whether acute HH induces a short-lived diuretic response that was overlooked in our recent study, where only 24-h urine volumes were evaluated. In a strictly controlled crossover protocol, 12 women underwent two 4-day sojourns in a hypobaric chamber: one in normoxia (NX) and one in HH equivalent to 3,500-m altitude. PV, urine output, TCPP, and markers for inflammation and glycocalyx shedding were repeatedly measured. Total body water (TBW) was determined pre- and postsojourns by deuterium dilution. PV was reduced after 12 h of HH and thereafter remained 230-330 mL lower than in NX (P < 0.0001). Urine flow was 45% higher in HH than in NX throughout the first 6 h (P = 0.01) but lower during the second half of the first day (P < 0.001). Twenty-four-hour urine volumes (P ≥ 0.37) and TBW (P ≥ 0.14) were not different between the sojourns. TCPP was lower in HH than in NX at the same time points as PV (P < 0.001), but inflammatory or glycocalyx shedding markers were not consistently increased. As in men, and despite initially increased diuresis, HH-induced PV contraction in women is driven by a loss of TCPP and ensuing fluid redistribution, rather than by fluid loss. The mechanism underlying the TCPP reduction remains unclear but does not seem to involve inflammation or glycocalyx shedding.NEW & NOTEWORTHY This study is the first to investigate the mechanisms underlying plasma volume (PV) contraction in response to hypoxia in women while strictly controlling for confounders. PV contraction in women has a similar time course and magnitude as in men and is driven by the same mechanism, namely, oncotically driven redistribution rather than loss of fluid. We further report that hypoxia facilitates an increase in diuresis, that is, however, short-lived and of little relevance for PV regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Roche
- 1Institute of Mountain Emergency Medicine, Eurac Research, Bolzano, Italy
| | | | - Hannes Gatterer
- 1Institute of Mountain Emergency Medicine, Eurac Research, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Giulia Roveri
- 1Institute of Mountain Emergency Medicine, Eurac Research, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Rachel Turner
- 1Institute of Mountain Emergency Medicine, Eurac Research, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Gerrit van Hall
- 3Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark,4Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark,5Clinical Metabolomics Core Facility, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Marc Maillard
- 6Service of Nephrology, University Hospital of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Anna Walzl
- 7Department of Anesthesiology, LMU Klinikum, Ludwig-Maximilians-University München, Munich, Germany
| | - Michael Kob
- 8Division of Clinical Nutrition, Bolzano Regional Hospital, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Giacomo Strapazzon
- 1Institute of Mountain Emergency Medicine, Eurac Research, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Jens Peter Goetze
- 3Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Simon Thomas Schäfer
- 7Department of Anesthesiology, LMU Klinikum, Ludwig-Maximilians-University München, Munich, Germany
| | - Tobias Kammerer
- 7Department of Anesthesiology, LMU Klinikum, Ludwig-Maximilians-University München, Munich, Germany,9Department for Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Elie Nader
- 10Laboratory LIBM EA7424, Vascular Biology and Red Blood Cell Team, University of Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Philippe Connes
- 10Laboratory LIBM EA7424, Vascular Biology and Red Blood Cell Team, University of Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Mélanie Robert
- 10Laboratory LIBM EA7424, Vascular Biology and Red Blood Cell Team, University of Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Thomas Mueller
- 11Department of Clinical Pathology, Hospital of Bolzano, Bolzano, Italy,12Department of Laboratory Medicine, Hospital Voecklabruck, Voecklabruck, Austria
| | - Eric Feraille
- 13National Center of Competence in Research Kidney Control of Homeostasis (Kidney.CH), Zurich, Switzerland,14Department of Cellular Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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Berendsen RR, Bärtsch P, Basnyat B, Berger MM, Hackett P, Luks AM, Richalet JP, Zafren K, Kayser B. Strengthening Altitude Knowledge: A Delphi Study to Define Minimum Knowledge of Altitude Illness for Laypersons Traveling to High Altitude. High Alt Med Biol 2022; 23:330-337. [PMID: 36201281 DOI: 10.1089/ham.2022.0083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Berendsen, Remco R., Peter Bärtsch, Buddha Basnyat, Marc Moritz Berger, Peter Hackett, Andrew M. Luks, Jean-Paul Richalet, Ken Zafren, Bengt Kayser, and the STAK Plenary Group. Strengthening altitude knowledge: a Delphi study to define minimum knowledge of altitude illness for laypersons traveling to high altitude. High Alt Med Biol. 23:330-337, 2022. Introduction: A lack of knowledge among laypersons about the hazards of high-altitude exposure contributes to morbidity and mortality from acute mountain sickness (AMS), high-altitude cerebral edema (HACE), and high-altitude pulmonary edema (HAPE) among high-altitude travelers. There are guidelines regarding the recognition, prevention, and treatment of acute-altitude illness for experts, but essential knowledge for laypersons traveling to high altitudes has not been defined. We sought expert consensus on the essential knowledge required for people planning to travel to high altitudes. Methods: The Delphi method was used. The panel consisted of two moderators, a core expert group and a plenary expert group. The moderators made a preliminary list of statements defining the desired minimum knowledge for laypersons traveling to high altitudes, based on the relevant literature. These preliminary statements were then reviewed, supplemented, and modified by a core expert group. A list of 33 statements was then presented to a plenary group of experts in successive rounds. Results: It took three rounds to reach a consensus. Of the 10 core experts invited, 7 completed all the rounds. Of the 76 plenary experts, 41 (54%) participated in Round 1, and of these 41 a total of 32 (78%) experts completed all three rounds. The final list contained 28 statements in 5 categories (altitude physiology, sleeping at altitude, AMS, HACE, and HAPE). This list represents an expert consensus on the desired minimum knowledge for laypersons planning high-altitude travel. Conclusion: Using the Delphi method, the STrengthening Altitude Knowledge initiative yielded a set of 28 statements representing essential learning objectives for laypersons who plan to travel to high altitudes. This list could be used to develop educational interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Remco R Berendsen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Peter Bärtsch
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Buddha Basnyat
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Patan Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Marc Moritz Berger
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Essen University Hospital, University Duisburg-Essen, Duisburg, Germany
| | - Peter Hackett
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Altitude Research Center, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Andrew M Luks
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine. University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Jean-Paul Richalet
- INSERM U1272, Hypoxie et Poumon, Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Bobigny, France
| | - Ken Zafren
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Bengt Kayser
- Institute of Sport Sciences (ISSUL), University of Lausanne, Switzerland
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Pigoń K, Grzanka R, Nowalany-Kozielska E, Tomasik A. Severe Respiratory Failure Developing in the Course of High-Altitude Pulmonary Edema in an Alpinist with COVID-19 Pneumonia: A Case Report. High Alt Med Biol 2022; 23:372-376. [PMID: 36520609 DOI: 10.1089/ham.2021.0176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Pigoń, Katarzyna, Ryszard Grzanka, Ewa Nowalany-Kozielska, and Andrzej Tomasik. Severe respiratory failure developing in the course of high-altitude pulmonary edema in an alpinist with COVID-19 pneumonia: a case report. High Alt Med Biol. 23:372-376, 2022.-The case of a 38-year-old Polish alpinist, evacuated from base camp (4,200 m) under Lenin's Peak due to severe high-altitude pulmonary edema (HAPE) and symptoms of acute mountain sickness/high-altitude cerebral edema (HACE), is presented. Starting the expedition, the man was asymptomatic and had a negative COVID-19 molecular test. After a few days of trekking, he developed typical HAPE and HACE. After evacuation to the hospital in Bishkek, a diagnosis of acute bronchopneumonia was made by computed tomography (CT) imaging. A COVID-19 test was not performed at that time. After returning to Poland, a complete noninvasive cardiac and pulmonary assessment disclosed no pathology. The initial chest CT reassessment was read as demonstrating the densities typical for COVID-19 pneumonia, and a SARS-CoV-2 antibody test corroborated the diagnosis. Pre-existing lung disease increases the risk of developing HAPE. In the era of the COVID-19 pandemic, people traveling at a high altitude and unaware of the infection are at particular risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Pigoń
- II Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine with Dentistry Division in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, Zabrze, Poland
| | - Ryszard Grzanka
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging District Hospital of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery Piekary Slaskie, Doctoral School of Medical University of Silesia, Zabrze, Poland
| | - Ewa Nowalany-Kozielska
- II Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine with Dentistry Division in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, Zabrze, Poland
| | - Andrzej Tomasik
- II Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine with Dentistry Division in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, Zabrze, Poland
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Vahdati K, Sadeghi-Majd R, Sestras AF, Licea-Moreno RJ, Peixe A, Sestras RE. Clonal Propagation of Walnuts ( Juglans spp.): A Review on Evolution from Traditional Techniques to Application of Biotechnology. Plants (Basel) 2022; 11:3040. [PMID: 36432769 PMCID: PMC9699183 DOI: 10.3390/plants11223040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Revised: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Walnuts (Juglans sp.) are allogamous species. Seed-derived plants are not always superior to the selected parent. Clonal propagation of selected stock plants is an essential requirement for the clonal fidelity of the descendants and to maintain their genetic structure. Selection of the desired plant is realized only after reaching maturity, and characterizing and evaluating the performance of adult trees require a long time. Clonal propagation methods ensure proper transmission of characters to descendants and can be used effectively in breeding programs. The commercialization of a cultivar or rootstock depends on the success of vegetative propagation. Walnuts, like other tree species, are recalcitrant to conventional vegetative propagation methods and even non-conventional in vitro culture (micropropagation). Elucidation of factors determining the success of cloning of desired plants would contribute to understanding current limitations for most genotypes of Juglans. We outline the role of grafting and cuttings and stool layering, as well as in vitro culture on walnut multiplication. These techniques are, in practice, entirely different; nevertheless, they are affected by common factors. The incompatibility of stock-scion and the reduced ability of stem cuttings to root are the main bottlenecks for grafting and cutting, respectively. Genotype, age, and physiological status, reinvigoration or rejuvenation-treatment of donor plant, period of harvesting and processing of explants critically affect the results of methods followed. The in vitro culture technology is the most suitable for walnut cloning. This also has constraints that affect commercial propagation of most desired genotypes. We describe comprehensive results and synthesis in this review on the asexual reproduction of walnuts, providing a better comprehension of the limiting factors and the ways to overcome them, with direct implications on commercial propagation and the releasing of outstanding genotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kourosh Vahdati
- Department of Horticulture, College of Aburaihan, University of Tehran, Tehran 3391653755, Iran
| | - Rasoul Sadeghi-Majd
- Department of Horticulture, College of Aburaihan, University of Tehran, Tehran 3391653755, Iran
| | - Adriana F. Sestras
- Department of Forestry, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | | | - Augusto Peixe
- MED–Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development, Department of Plant Science, School of Science and Technology, University of Évora, Pólo da Mitra, Ap. 94, 7006-554 Évora, Portugal
| | - Radu E. Sestras
- Department of Horticulture and Landscape, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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49
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Rieger MG, Tallon CM, Perkins DR, Smith KJ, Stembridge M, Piombo S, Radom-Aizik S, Cooper DM, Ainslie PN, McManus AM. Cardiopulmonary and cerebrovascular acclimatization in children and adults at 3800 m. J Physiol 2022; 600:4849-4863. [PMID: 36165275 DOI: 10.1113/jp283419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Maturational differences exist in cardiopulmonary and cerebrovascular function at sea-level, but the impact of maturation on acclimatization responses to high altitude is unknown. Ten children (9.8 ± 2.5 years) and 10 adults (34.7 ± 7.1 years) were assessed at sea-level (BL), 3000 m and twice over 4 days at 3800 m (B1, B4). Measurements included minute ventilation ( V ̇ E ${\dot{V}}_{\rm{E}}$ ), end-tidal partial pressures of oxygen ( P ETO 2 ${P}_{{\rm{ETO}}_{\rm{2}}}$ ) and carbon dioxide, echocardiographic assessment of pulmonary artery systolic pressure (PASP) and stroke volume (SV) and ultrasound assessment of blood flow through the internal carotid and vertebral arteries was performed to calculate global cerebral blood flow (gCBF). At 3000 m, V ̇ E ${\dot{V}}_{\rm{E}}$ was increased from BL by 19.6 ± 19.1% (P = 0.031) in children, but not in adults (P = 0.835); SV was reduced in children (-11 ± 13%, P = 0.020) but not adults (P = 0.827), which was compensated for by a larger increase in heart rate in children (+26 beats min-1 vs. +13 beats min-1 , P = 0.019). Between B1 and B4, adults increased V ̇ E ${\dot{V}}_{\rm{E}}$ by 38.5 ± 34.7% (P = 0.006), while V ̇ E ${\dot{V}}_{\rm{E}}$ did not increase further in children. The rise in PASP was not different between groups; however, ∆PASP from BL was related to ∆ P ETO 2 ${P}_{{\rm{ETO}}_{\rm{2}}}$ in adults (R2 = 0.288, P = 0.022), but not children. At BL, gCBF was 43% higher in children than adults (P = 0.017), and this difference was maintained at high altitude, with a similar pattern and magnitude of change in gCBF between groups (P = 0.845). Despite V ̇ E ${\dot{V}}_{\rm{E}}$ increasing in children but not adults at a lower altitude, the pulmonary vascular and cerebrovascular responses to prolonged hypoxia are similar between children and adults. KEY POINTS: Children have different ventilatory and metabolic requirements from adults, which may present differently in the pulmonary and cerebral vasculature upon ascent to high altitude. Children (ages 7-14) and adults (ages 23-44) were brought from sea level to high altitude (3000 to 3800 m) and changes in ventilation, pulmonary artery systolic pressure (PASP) and cerebral blood flow (CBF) were assessed over 1 week. Significant increases in ventilation and decreases in left ventricle stroke volume were observed at a lower altitude in children than adults. PASP and CBF increased by a similar relative amount between children and adults at 3800 m. These results help us better understand age-related differences in compensatory responses to prolonged hypoxia in children, despite similar changes in pulmonary artery pressure and CBF between children and adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- M G Rieger
- Centre for Heart, Lung & Vascular Health, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada
| | - C M Tallon
- Centre for Heart, Lung & Vascular Health, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada
| | - D R Perkins
- Cardiff School of Sport & Health Sciences, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff, UK.,Youth Physical Development Centre, Cardiff School of Sport & Health Sciences, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff, UK
| | - K J Smith
- Cerebrovascular Health, Exercise, and Environmental Research Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - M Stembridge
- Cardiff School of Sport & Health Sciences, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff, UK.,Youth Physical Development Centre, Cardiff School of Sport & Health Sciences, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff, UK
| | - S Piombo
- Pediatric Exercise and Genomics Research Center, University of California Irvine School of Medicine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - S Radom-Aizik
- Pediatric Exercise and Genomics Research Center, University of California Irvine School of Medicine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - D M Cooper
- Pediatric Exercise and Genomics Research Center, University of California Irvine School of Medicine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - P N Ainslie
- Centre for Heart, Lung & Vascular Health, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada
| | - A M McManus
- Centre for Heart, Lung & Vascular Health, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada
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Brown KT, Mello-Athayde MA, Sampayo EM, Chai A, Dove S, Barott KL. Environmental memory gained from exposure to extreme pCO 2 variability promotes coral cellular acid-base homeostasis. Proc Biol Sci 2022; 289:20220941. [PMID: 36100023 PMCID: PMC9470260 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2022.0941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Ocean acidification is a growing threat to coral growth and the accretion of coral reef ecosystems. Corals inhabiting environments that already endure extreme diel pCO2 fluctuations, however, may represent acidification-resilient populations capable of persisting on future reefs. Here, we examined the impact of pCO2 variability on the reef-building coral Pocillopora damicornis originating from reefs with contrasting environmental histories (variable reef flat versus stable reef slope) following reciprocal exposure to stable (218 ± 9) or variable (911 ± 31) diel pCO2 amplitude (μtam) in aquaria over eight weeks. Endosymbiont density, photosynthesis and net calcification rates differed between origins but not treatment, whereas primary calcification (extension) was affected by both origin and acclimatization to novel pCO2 conditions. At the cellular level, corals from the variable reef flat exhibited less intracellular pH (pHi) acidosis and faster pHi recovery rates in response to experimental acidification stress (pH 7.40) than corals originating from the stable reef slope, suggesting environmental memory gained from lifelong exposure to pCO2 variability led to an improved ability to regulate acid–base homeostasis. These results highlight the role of cellular processes in maintaining acidification resilience and suggest that prior exposure to pCO2 variability may promote more acidification-resilient coral populations in a changing climate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen T Brown
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.,ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies and School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Matheus A Mello-Athayde
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies and School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Eugenia M Sampayo
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies and School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Aaron Chai
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies and School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Sophie Dove
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies and School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Katie L Barott
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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