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Heng E, Neuwirth M, Mas F, Contant G, Mazighi M, Feriel J, Montpellier B, Brumpt C, Jourdi G, Curis E, Siguret V. Assessment of inter-operator variability in peripheral monocyte subset gating strategy using flow cytometry in patients with suspected acute stroke. Cytometry A 2024; 105:171-180. [PMID: 37971361 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.24810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Innovative tools to reliably identify patients with acute stroke are needed. Peripheral monocyte subsets, that is, classical-Mon1, intermediate-Mon2, and non-classical-Mon3, with their activation marker expression analyzed using flow-cytometry (FCM) could be interesting cell biomarker candidates. AIM To assess the inter-operator variability in a new peripheral monocyte subset gating strategy using FCM in patients with suspected acute stroke. METHODS In BOOST-study ("Biomarkers-algOrithm-for-strOke-diagnoSis-and Treatment-resistance-prediction," NCT04726839), patients ≥18 years with symptoms suggesting acute stroke within the last 24 h were included. Blood was collected upon admission to emergency unit. FCM analysis was performed using the FACS-CANTO-II® flow-cytometer and Flow-Jo™-software. Analyzed markers were CD45/CD91/CD14/CD16 (monocyte backbone) and CD62L/CD11b/HLA-DR/CD86/CCR2/ICAM-1/CX3CR1/TF (activation markers). Inter-operator agreement (starting from raw-data files) was quantified by the measure distribution and, for each patient, the coefficient of variation (CV). RESULTS Three operators analyzed 20 patient blood samples. Median inter-operator CVs were below the pre-specified tolerance limits (10% [for Mon1 counts], 20% [Mon2, Mon3 counts], 15% [activation marker median-fluorescence-intensities]). We observed a slight, but systematic, inter-operator effect. Overall, absolute inter-operator differences in fractions of monocyte subsets were <0.03. CONCLUSION Our gating strategy allowed monocyte subset gating with an acceptable inter-operator variability. Although low, the inter-operator effect should be considered in monocyte data analysis of BOOST-patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelyne Heng
- INSERM, Innovative Therapies in Haemostasis, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Service d'Hématologie Biologique, Hôpital Lariboisière, APHP.Nord, Paris, France
| | - Marie Neuwirth
- INSERM, Innovative Therapies in Haemostasis, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Service d'Hématologie Biologique, Hôpital Lariboisière, APHP.Nord, Paris, France
| | - Floriane Mas
- R&D Hematology and Hemostasis department, Biocytex, Marseille, France
| | | | - Mikaël Mazighi
- Unité Neuro-vasculaire, Hôpital Lariboisière, APHP.Nord, Paris, France
| | - Joffrey Feriel
- Développement clinique, Diagnostica Stago, Asnières-sur-Seine, France
| | | | - Caren Brumpt
- Service d'Hématologie Biologique, Hôpital Lariboisière, APHP.Nord, Paris, France
| | - Georges Jourdi
- INSERM, Innovative Therapies in Haemostasis, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Service d'Hématologie Biologique, Hôpital Lariboisière, APHP.Nord, Paris, France
| | - Emmanuel Curis
- Service d'Hématologie Biologique, Hôpital Lariboisière, APHP.Nord, Paris, France
- UR 7537 BioSTM (Biostatistics), Faculté de Pharmacie de Paris, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Virginie Siguret
- INSERM, Innovative Therapies in Haemostasis, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Service d'Hématologie Biologique, Hôpital Lariboisière, APHP.Nord, Paris, France
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Kurmanova A, Urazbayeva G, Terlikbayeva A, Salimbaeva D, Ayazbekov A. Diagnostic significance of blood lymphocyte activation markers in pre-eclampsia. Clin Exp Immunol 2024; 215:94-103. [PMID: 37921073 PMCID: PMC10776238 DOI: 10.1093/cei/uxad121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The adaptive and innate immune system is important in both initiating and preventing functional disorders during pregnancy, one of which is pre-eclampsia. The research aims to conduct the comparative quantification of selected subpopulations of peripheral blood immunoregulatory cells in pregnant women with pre-eclampsia in the third trimester. The marker receptors CD4, CD8, CD95, CD25, and CD27 and the marker antigen HLA-DR were considered. The screening was performed by flow cytometry with dual phenotyping using phycoerythrin- and fluorescein-isothiocyanate-labeled monoclonal antibodies. Data processing consisted in calculating a likelihood value to assess the statistical significance of the difference between the samples. A statistically significant decrease in the subpopulation titer of T and B lymphocytes with marker receptors CD4, CD8, and CD19 was found in pre-eclampsia patients. In the CD4 carrier T-lymphocyte population, there was an increased expression of the CD25/CD95 activation and apoptosis markers. In the CD8 T-killer population, a decreased representation of the CD27/CD25/CD95 markers of differentiation, activation, and apoptosis was deterministic. The expression pattern of the major histocompatibility complex antigen HLA-DR did not change significantly in normality and pathology. The titer of peripheral natural killer cells carrying the CD56 marker increased in patients with various degrees of disease severity, while the number of CD16 natural killer remained at the level of the control group. The research results suggest that a change in the ratio of the above receptors is a diagnostic indicator for pre-eclampsia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Almagul Kurmanova
- Department of Clinical Disciplines, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty, Republic of Kazakhstan
- Department of Science and Strategic Development, Scientific Center of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, Almaty, Republic of Kazakhstan
| | - Gulfairuz Urazbayeva
- Scientific Center of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, Almaty, Republic of Kazakhstan
| | - Aigul Terlikbayeva
- Scientific Center of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, Almaty, Republic of Kazakhstan
| | - Damilya Salimbaeva
- Department of Science and Strategic Development, Scientific Center of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, Almaty, Republic of Kazakhstan
| | - Ardak Ayazbekov
- Department of Obstetrician and Gynecology, Khoja Akhmet Yassawi International Kazakh-Turkish University, Turkistan, Republic of Kazakhstan
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3
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Adamczyk M, Bartosińska J, Raczkiewicz D, Kowal M, Surdacka A, Krasowska D, Michalak-Stoma A, Krasowska D. The Expression of Activation Markers CD25 and CD69 Increases during Biologic Treatment of Psoriasis. J Clin Med 2023; 12:6573. [PMID: 37892710 PMCID: PMC10607364 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12206573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Revised: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
CD (cluster of differentiation) 69 and CD25 are considered early and late markers of the activation of lymphocytes, respectively. CD25 is a part of the IL-2 receptor and is present on the surface of immune and non-immune cells, with high amounts on activated lymphocytes and regulatory T cells. CD69 is expressed on various types of white blood cells, including newly activated lymphocytes, lymphocytes infiltrating tissues isolated from subjects with chronic auto-inflammatory diseases, several subtypes of memory T cells and regulatory T cells. Primarily, CD69 was considered to be an early marker of the activation of lymphocytes, but, right now, data derived from in vitro and in vivo studies have revealed the immunomodulatory role of this surface antigen. In 84 patients with psoriasis, of whom 28 were treated with different biologic drugs, as well as in 29 healthy control subjects, the expression of CD25 and CD69 on different subtypes of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) was studied with the use of flow cytometry. Significantly higher levels of CD3/CD69-, CD8/CD69- and CD19/CD69-positive PBMCs as well as within CD3+ cells were present in subjects suffering from psoriasis when compared to healthy controls. In patients with psoriasis who were treated with biologic drugs, the levels of CD3/CD69-, CD4/CD69- and CD19/CD69-positive PBMCs, and CD3/CD69 within CD3+ cells, CD4/CD69 within CD4+ cells, CD4/CD25 within CD4+ cells and CD19/CD69 within CD19+ cells were significantly higher than before therapy. Our results support a role for activation markers, especially CD69, in psoriasis. Further research is warranted to fully clarify their significance in this common dermatosis, especially during biologic treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michał Adamczyk
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Pediatric Dermatology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-081 Lublin, Poland; (J.B.); (M.K.); (A.M.-S.); (D.K.)
| | - Joanna Bartosińska
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Pediatric Dermatology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-081 Lublin, Poland; (J.B.); (M.K.); (A.M.-S.); (D.K.)
- Department of Cosmetology and Aesthetic Dermatology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Dorota Raczkiewicz
- Department of Medical Statistics, Center of Postgraduate Medical Education, School of Public Health, 01-826 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Małgorzata Kowal
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Pediatric Dermatology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-081 Lublin, Poland; (J.B.); (M.K.); (A.M.-S.); (D.K.)
| | - Agata Surdacka
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Danuta Krasowska
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Doctoral School, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Anna Michalak-Stoma
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Pediatric Dermatology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-081 Lublin, Poland; (J.B.); (M.K.); (A.M.-S.); (D.K.)
| | - Dorota Krasowska
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Pediatric Dermatology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-081 Lublin, Poland; (J.B.); (M.K.); (A.M.-S.); (D.K.)
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Boyko AA, Ustiuzhanina MO, Vavilova JD, Streltsova MA, Kust SA, Siniavin AE, Astrakhantseva IV, Drutskaya MS, Kovalenko EI. Phenotypic Changes in T and NK Cells Induced by Sputnik V Vaccination. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:1047. [PMID: 37376436 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11061047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
A highly effective humoral immune response induced by the Sputnik V vaccine was demonstrated in independent studies, as well as in large-scale post-vaccination follow-up studies. However, the shifts in the cell-mediated immunity induced by Sputnik V vaccination are still under investigation. This study was aimed at estimating the impact of Sputnik V on activating and inhibitory receptors, activation and proliferative senescence markers in NK and T lymphocytes. The effects of Sputnik V were evaluated by the comparison of PBMC samples prior to vaccination, and then three days and three weeks following the second (boost) dose. The prime-boost format of Sputnik V vaccination induced a contraction in the T cell fraction of senescent CD57+ cells and a decrease in HLA-DR-expressing T cells. The proportion of NKG2A+ T cells was down-regulated after vaccination, whereas the PD-1 level was not affected significantly. A temporal increase in activation levels of NK cells and NKT-like cells was recorded, dependent on whether the individuals had COVID-19 prior to vaccination. A short-term elevation of the activating NKG2D and CD16 was observed in NK cells. Overall, the findings of the study are in favor of the Sputnik V vaccine not provoking a dramatic phenotypic rearrangement in T and NK cells, although it induces their slight temporal non-specific activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna A Boyko
- Shemyakin & Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Maria O Ustiuzhanina
- Shemyakin & Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997 Moscow, Russia
- Center of Life Sciences, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, 121205 Moscow, Russia
| | - Julia D Vavilova
- Shemyakin & Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Maria A Streltsova
- Shemyakin & Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Sofya A Kust
- Shemyakin & Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Andrei E Siniavin
- Shemyakin & Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997 Moscow, Russia
- N.F. Gamaleya National Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 123098 Moscow, Russia
| | - Irina V Astrakhantseva
- Division of Immunobiology and Biomedicine, Center of Genetics and Life Sciences, Sirius University of Science and Technology, 354340 Federal Territory Sirius, Russia
| | - Marina S Drutskaya
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Elena I Kovalenko
- Shemyakin & Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997 Moscow, Russia
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Taylor D, Meyer CT, Graves D, Sen R, Fu J, Tran E, Mirza B, Rodriguez G, Lang C, Feng H, Quaranta V, Wilson JT, Kim YJ, Korrer MJ. MuSyC dosing of adjuvanted cancer vaccines optimizes antitumor responses. Front Immunol 2022; 13:936129. [PMID: 36059502 PMCID: PMC9437625 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.936129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
With the clinical approval of T-cell-dependent immune checkpoint inhibitors for many cancers, therapeutic cancer vaccines have re-emerged as a promising immunotherapy. Cancer vaccines require the addition of immunostimulatory adjuvants to increase vaccine immunogenicity, and increasingly multiple adjuvants are used in combination to bolster further and shape cellular immunity to tumor antigens. However, rigorous quantification of adjuvants' synergistic interactions is challenging due to partial redundancy in costimulatory molecules and cytokine production, leading to the common assumption that combining both adjuvants at the maximum tolerated dose results in optimal efficacy. Herein, we examine this maximum dose assumption and find combinations of these doses are suboptimal. Instead, we optimized dendritic cell activation by extending the Multidimensional Synergy of Combinations (MuSyC) framework that measures the synergy of efficacy and potency between two vaccine adjuvants. Initially, we performed a preliminary in vitro screening of clinically translatable adjuvant receptor targets (TLR, STING, NLL, and RIG-I). We determined that STING agonist (CDN) plus TLR4 agonist (MPL-A) or TLR7/8 agonist (R848) as the best pairwise combinations for dendritic cell activation. In addition, we found that the combination of R848 and CDN is synergistically efficacious and potent in activating both murine and human antigen-presenting cells (APCs) in vitro. These two selected adjuvants were then used to estimate a MuSyC-dose optimized for in vivo T-cell priming using ovalbumin-based peptide vaccines. Finally, using B16 melanoma and MOC1 head and neck cancer models, MuSyC-dose-based adjuvating of cancer vaccines improved the antitumor response, increased tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, and induced novel myeloid tumor infiltration changes. Further, the MuSyC-dose-based adjuvants approach did not cause additional weight changes or increased plasma cytokine levels compared to CDN alone. Collectively, our findings offer a proof of principle that our MuSyC-extended approach can be used to optimize cancer vaccine formulations for immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Taylor
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Christian T. Meyer
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States
| | - Diana Graves
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Rupashree Sen
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Juan Fu
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Emily Tran
- College Arts and Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Bilal Mirza
- Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Gabriel Rodriguez
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Cara Lang
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Hanwen Feng
- Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Vito Quaranta
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - John T. Wilson
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Young J. Kim
- Oncology Chair, Global Development, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Tarrytown, NY, United States
| | - Michael J. Korrer
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
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Adjobimey T, Meyer J, Terkeš V, Parcina M, Hoerauf A. Helminth antigens differentially modulate the activation of CD4 + and CD8 + T lymphocytes of convalescent COVID-19 patients in vitro. BMC Med 2022; 20:241. [PMID: 35764965 PMCID: PMC9241220 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-022-02441-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a respiratory disease caused by SARS-CoV-2, a recently discovered strain of coronavirus. The virus has spread rapidly, causing millions of death worldwide. Contrary to the predictions, prevalence and mortality due to COVID-19 have remained moderate on the African continent. Several factors, including age, genetics, vaccines, and co-infections, might impact the course of the pandemic in Africa. Helminths are highly endemic in Sub-Saharan Africa and are renowned for their ability to evade, skew, and suppress human immune responses through various immune-modulatory mechanisms. Such effects will likely impact SARS-CoV-2 transmission and disease progression. METHODS Here, we analyzed in vitro the impact of antigen extracts from three major helminth parasites, including Onchocerca volvulus, Brugia malayi, and Ascaris lumbricoides, on the immune reactivity to SARS-CoV-2 peptides in COVID-19 patients. Activation of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells was investigated using flow cytometry to monitor the expression of CD137 (4-1BB) and CD69. Cytokine expression, including IL-6, IL-10, IFN-γ, and TNFα, was measured by Luminex in cell culture supernatants. RESULTS We observed that helminth antigens significantly reduced the frequency of SARS-CoV-2-reactive CD4+ T helper cells. In contrast, the expression of SARS-CoV-2-reactive CD8+ T cells was not affected and even significantly increased when PBMCs from COVID-19 patients living in Benin, an endemic helminth country, were used. In addition, stimulation with helminth antigens was associated with increased IL-10 and a reduction of IFNγ and TNFα. CONCLUSIONS Our data offer a plausible explanation for the moderate incidence of COVID-19 in Africa and support the hypothesis that helper T cell-mediated immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 are mitigated in the presence of helminth antigens, while virus-specific cytotoxic T cell responses are maintained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomabu Adjobimey
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology (IMMIP), University Hospital Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Straße 25, 53105, Bonn, Germany. .,Unité de Biochimie et de Biologie Moléculaire, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques (FAST), Université d'Abomey-Calavi, Abomey-Calavi, Bénin.
| | - Julia Meyer
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology (IMMIP), University Hospital Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Straße 25, 53105, Bonn, Germany
| | - Vedrana Terkeš
- Department of Infectiology, General Hospital Zadar, Zadar, Croatia
| | - Marijo Parcina
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology (IMMIP), University Hospital Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Straße 25, 53105, Bonn, Germany
| | - Achim Hoerauf
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology (IMMIP), University Hospital Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Straße 25, 53105, Bonn, Germany.,Bonn-Cologne Site, German Center for Infectious Disease Research (DZIF), Bonn, Germany
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Mitarotonda R, Saraceno M, Todone M, Giorgi E, Malchiodi EL, Desimone MF, De Marzi MC. Surface chemistry modification of silica nanoparticles alters the activation of monocytes. Ther Deliv 2021; 12:443-59. [PMID: 33902308 DOI: 10.4155/tde-2021-0006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: Nanoparticles (NPs) interaction with immune system is a growing topic of study. Materials & methods: Bare and amine grafted silica NPs effects on monocytes/macrophages cells were analyzed by flow cytometry, MTT test and LIVE/DEAD® viability/cytotoxicity assay. Results: Bare silica NPs inhibited proliferation and induced monocyte/macrophages activation (increasing CD40/CD80 expression besides pro-inflammatory cytokines and nitrite secretion). Furthermore, silica NPs increased cell membrane damage and reduced the number of living cells. In contrast, amine grafted silica NPs did not alter these parameters. Conclusion: Cell activation properties of bare silica NPs could be hindered after grafting with amine moieties. This strategy is useful to tune the immune system stimulation by NPs or to design NPs suitable to transport therapeutic molecules.
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Thurman M, Johnson S, Acharya A, Pallikkuth S, Mahesh M, Byrareddy SN. Biomarkers of Activation and Inflammation to Track Disparity in Chronological and Physiological Age of People Living With HIV on Combination Antiretroviral Therapy. Front Immunol 2020; 11:583934. [PMID: 33162998 PMCID: PMC7581935 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.583934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
With advancement, prompt use, and increasing accessibility of antiretroviral therapy, people with HIV are living longer and have comparable lifespans to those negative for HIV. However, people living with HIV experience tradeoffs with quality of life often developing age-associated co-morbid conditions such as cancers, cardiovascular diseases, or neurodegeneration due to chronic immune activation and inflammation. This creates a discrepancy in chronological and physiological age, with HIV-infected individuals appearing older than they are, and in some contexts ART-associated toxicity exacerbates this gap. The complexity of the accelerated aging process in the context of HIV-infection highlights the need for greater understanding of biomarkers involved. In this review, we discuss markers identified in different anatomical sites of the body including periphery, brain, and gut, as well as markers related to DNA that may serve as reliable predictors of accelerated aging in HIV infected individuals as it relates to inflammatory state and immune activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michellie Thurman
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Samuel Johnson
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Arpan Acharya
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Suresh Pallikkuth
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Mohan Mahesh
- Southwest National Primate Research Institute, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Siddappa N Byrareddy
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
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Vickers MA, Darboe F, Muefong CN, Mbayo G, Barry A, Gindeh A, Njie S, Riley AJ, Sarr B, Sambou B, Dockrell HM, Charalambous S, Rachow A, Owolabi O, Jayasooriya S, Sutherland JS. Monitoring Anti-tuberculosis Treatment Response Using Analysis of Whole Blood Mycobacterium tuberculosis Specific T Cell Activation and Functional Markers. Front Immunol 2020; 11:572620. [PMID: 33679684 PMCID: PMC7931252 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.572620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Blood-based biomarkers have been proposed as an alternative to current sputum-based treatment monitoring methods in active tuberculosis (ATB). The aim of this study was to validate previously described phenotypic, activation, and cytokine markers of treatment response in a West African cohort. Methods Whole blood immune responses to Mycobacterium tuberculosis ESAT-6/CFP-10 (EC) and purified protein derivative (PPD) were measured in twenty adults at baseline and after 2 months of standard TB treatment. Patients were classified as fast or slow responders based on a negative or positive sputum culture result at 2 months, respectively. Cellular expression of activation markers (CD38, HLA-DR), memory markers (CD27), and functional intracellular cytokine and proliferation (IFN-γ, Ki-67, TNF-α) markers were measured using multi-color flow cytometry. Results There was a significant increase in the proportion of CD4+CD27+ cells expressing CD38 and HLA-DR following EC stimulation at 2 months compared to baseline (p = 0.0328 and p = 0.0400, respectively). Following PPD stimulation, slow treatment responders had a significantly higher proportion of CD8+CD27–IFN-γ+ (p = 0.0105) and CD4+CD27+HLA-DR+CD38+ (p = 0.0077) T cells than fast responders at baseline. Receiver operating curve analysis of these subsets resulted in 80% sensitivity and 70 and 100% specificity, respectively (AUC of 0.82, p = 0.0156 and 0.84, p = 0.0102). Conclusion Our pilot data show reductions in expression of T cell activation markers were seen with treatment, but this was not associated with fast or slow sputum conversion at 2 months. However, baseline proportions of activated T cell subsets are potentially predictive of the subsequent speed of response to treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Molly A Vickers
- Department of Infection Biology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom.,Vaccines and Immunity Theme, MRC Unit The Gambia at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Fajara, Gambia
| | - Fatoumatta Darboe
- Vaccines and Immunity Theme, MRC Unit The Gambia at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Fajara, Gambia
| | - Caleb N Muefong
- Vaccines and Immunity Theme, MRC Unit The Gambia at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Fajara, Gambia
| | - Georgetta Mbayo
- Vaccines and Immunity Theme, MRC Unit The Gambia at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Fajara, Gambia
| | - Amadou Barry
- Vaccines and Immunity Theme, MRC Unit The Gambia at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Fajara, Gambia
| | - Awa Gindeh
- Vaccines and Immunity Theme, MRC Unit The Gambia at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Fajara, Gambia
| | - Sainabou Njie
- Vaccines and Immunity Theme, MRC Unit The Gambia at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Fajara, Gambia
| | - Abi-Janet Riley
- Vaccines and Immunity Theme, MRC Unit The Gambia at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Fajara, Gambia
| | - Binta Sarr
- Vaccines and Immunity Theme, MRC Unit The Gambia at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Fajara, Gambia
| | - Basil Sambou
- Vaccines and Immunity Theme, MRC Unit The Gambia at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Fajara, Gambia
| | - Hazel M Dockrell
- Department of Infection Biology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Andrea Rachow
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.,German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Olumuyiwa Owolabi
- Vaccines and Immunity Theme, MRC Unit The Gambia at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Fajara, Gambia
| | - Shamanthi Jayasooriya
- Vaccines and Immunity Theme, MRC Unit The Gambia at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Fajara, Gambia.,Academic Unit of Primary Care, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Jayne S Sutherland
- Vaccines and Immunity Theme, MRC Unit The Gambia at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Fajara, Gambia
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10
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de Ruiter K, Tahapary DL, Sartono E, Nutman TB, Smit JWA, Koenderman L, Supali T, Yazdanbakhsh M. The Effect of Helminths on Granulocyte Activation: A Cluster-Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trial in Indonesia. J Infect Dis 2020; 219:1474-1482. [PMID: 30452713 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiy665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Eosinophils are a prominent cell type in the host response to helminths, and some evidence suggests that neutrophils might also play a role. However, little is known about the activation status of these granulocytes during helminth infection. METHODS We analyzed the expression of eosinophil and neutrophil activation markers in peripheral blood by flow cytometry and measured serum levels of eosinophil granule proteins in 300 subjects residing in an area endemic for soil-transmitted helminths (STH). The data generated are on samples before and after 1 year of 3-monthly albendazole treatment. RESULTS Anthelmintic treatment significantly reduced the prevalence of STH. While eosinophil numbers were significantly higher in STH-infected compared to uninfected subjects and significantly decreased following albendazole treatment, there was no effect exerted by the helminths on either eosinophil nor neutrophil activation. Although at baseline eosinophil granule protein levels were not different between STH-infected and uninfected subjects, treatment significantly reduced the levels of eosinophil-derived neurotoxin (EDN) in those infected at baseline. CONCLUSIONS These results show that besides decreasing eosinophil numbers, anthelmintic treatment does not significantly change the activation status of eosinophils, nor of neutrophils, and the only effect seen was a reduction in circulating levels of EDN. CLINICAL TRIALS REGISTRATION http://www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN75636394.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin de Ruiter
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands
| | - Dicky L Tahapary
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands.,Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo National General Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Erliyani Sartono
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands
| | - Thomas B Nutman
- Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Johannes W A Smit
- Department of Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands.,Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Leo Koenderman
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Taniawati Supali
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Maria Yazdanbakhsh
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands
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11
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Liechti T, Roederer M. OMIP-060: 30-Parameter Flow Cytometry Panel to Assess T Cell Effector Functions and Regulatory T Cells. Cytometry A 2019; 95:1129-1134. [PMID: 31334913 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.23853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Revised: 05/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
We developed this comprehensive 28-color flow cytometry panel with the aim to measure a variety of T cell effector functions in combination with T cell differentiation markers (CCR7, CD27, CD28, CD45RO, CD95) in γδ T cells and CD4+ and CD8+ αβ T cells (Table 1). The effector functions measured in this panel include activation and co-stimulatory molecules (CD69, CD137, and CD154), cytokines (IL-2, IL-13, IL-17A, IL-21, IL-22, TNF, and IFNγ), the chemokine IL-8, cytotoxic molecules (perforin and granzyme B), and the degranulation marker CD107a. In addition, Ki67 enables the identification and analysis of recently activated T cells. To characterize regulatory T cells (Tregs ), we included CD25, CD39, and the canonical Tregs transcription factor FoxP3. We developed and optimized this panel for cryopreserved human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and stimulation with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) and ionomycin. However, we successfully tested other types of stimulation such as staphylococcus enterotoxin B (SEB) or a mix of immunodominant peptides (CEF peptide pool) from cytomegalovirus (CMV), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and influenza. Published 2019. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Liechti
- ImmunoTechnology Section, Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, 20892
| | - Mario Roederer
- ImmunoTechnology Section, Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, 20892
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12
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Dentone C, Di Biagio A, Cozzi Lepri A, Fenoglio D, Filaci G, Lichtner M, Carrara S, Giacometti A, Sighinolfi L, Marchetti G, Antinori A, D'arminio Monforte A. Inflammatory effects of atazanavir/ritonavir versus darunavir/ritonavir in treatment naïve, HIV-1-infected patients. HIV Clin Trials 2018; 19:158-162. [PMID: 30422095 DOI: 10.1080/15284336.2018.1488453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Limited studies have compared the impact of different antiretroviral regimens on soluble markers of inflammation with discordant results. METHODS In this prospective study, treatment naïve HIV-1-infected patients were included if they started their current regimen with atazanavir/ritonavir (ATV/r) (N = 73, Group 1) or darunavir/ritonavir (DRV/r) (N = 85, Group 2) plus tenofovir/emtricitabine. The analysis of IL-6, MCP-1, sCD163, VCAM-1, ox-LDL, and adiponectine was performed on two stored plasma samples, the first prior to antiretroviral therapy initiation and the second one year after initiation. RESULTS The results of our analysis show a difference in ox-LDL between the two groups with higher mean (SD) values in ATV/r based group 608.5 ± 137.4 versus 519.1 ± 119.6 in DRV/r group, after controlling for baseline levels of ox-LDL as well as other potential confounding factors controlled by means of matching design or linear regression modelling. CONCLUSIONS Our analysis provides further data examining the association between the modulation of vascular inflammatory and of activation markers with specific protease inhibitors-based treatments over one year of exposure to these drugs. The data show little evidence for an association, supporting the notion that antiretroviral regimens has generally poor efficiency in downregulating these soluble markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Dentone
- a Infectious Diseases Unit , Sanremo Hospital , Imperia , Italy
| | - Antonio Di Biagio
- b Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of Internal Medicine , Ospedale Policlinico S. Martino , Genoa , Italy
| | - Alessandro Cozzi Lepri
- c Centre for Clinical Research, Epidemiology, Modelling and Evaluation (CREME) , Institute for Global Health UCL , Rowland Hill St , London , UK
| | - Daniela Fenoglio
- d Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Research , University of Genoa , Genoa , Italy.,e Department of Internal Medicine (DIMI) , University of Genoa , Ospedale Policlinico San Martino , Genoa , Italy
| | - Gilberto Filaci
- d Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Research , University of Genoa , Genoa , Italy.,e Department of Internal Medicine (DIMI) , University of Genoa , Ospedale Policlinico San Martino , Genoa , Italy
| | - Miriam Lichtner
- f Infectious Diseases Unit , Sapienza University , Latina , Italy
| | - Stefania Carrara
- g National Institute for Infectious Diseases (INMI) L. Spallanzani - IRCCS , Rome , Italy
| | - Andrea Giacometti
- h Clinic of Infectious Diseases , Azienda O.U. Ospedali Riuniti di Ancona , Ancona , Italy
| | - Laura Sighinolfi
- i Clinica Malattie Infettive , Hospital and University of Ferrara , Ferrara , Italy
| | - Giulia Marchetti
- j Clinica di Malattie Infettive , San Paolo Hospital, University of Milan , Milan , Italy
| | - Andrea Antinori
- g National Institute for Infectious Diseases (INMI) L. Spallanzani - IRCCS , Rome , Italy
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13
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Rodrigues-Santos P, López-Sejas N, Almeida JS, Ruzičková L, Couceiro P, Alves V, Campos C, Alonso C, Tarazona R, Freitas-Tavares P, Solana R, Santos-Rosa M. Effect of Age on NK Cell Compartment in Chronic Myeloid Leukemia Patients Treated With Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2587. [PMID: 30487792 PMCID: PMC6246921 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are a very important component of the innate immune response involved in the lysis of virus infected and tumor cells. Aging has a profound impact in the frequency, phenotype and function of NK cells. Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML) is caused by the BCR-ABL gene formation encoding aberrant oncoprotein tyrosine kinase. Treatment with tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) induces durable deep molecular response. The response to treatment and life expectancy is lower in older patients with chronic phase of CML than in younger patients. In this work we analyse NK cells from TKI-treated CML patients and healthy controls stratified according to age. We have analyzed the expression of NK receptors, activation markers, NK cell differentiation in CD56bright and CD56dim NK cell subsets and the expression of CD107a and IFN-γ in NK cells stimulated with K562. Whereas significant differences on the phenotype and function of NK cells were found between middle-aged (35–65 years old) and elderly (older than 65) healthy individuals, NK cells from TKI-treated CML patients do not show significant differences related with age in most parameters studied, indicating that age is not a limitation of the NK cell recovery after treatment with TKI. Our results also revealed differences in the expression of NK receptors, activation markers and functional assays in NK cells from TKI-treated CML patients compared with age-matched healthy controls. These results highlight the relevance of NK cells in TKI-treated patients and the need of an extensive analysis of the effect of aging on NK cell phenotype and function in these patients in order to define new NK-cell based strategies directed to control CML progression and achieve long-term disease remission after TKI cessation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo Rodrigues-Santos
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Immunology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Laboratory of Immunology and Oncology, Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Faculty of Medicine, Center of Investigation in Environment, Genetics and Oncobiology - CIMAGO, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Nelson López-Sejas
- Department of Immunology, Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba - Reina Sofia University Hospital - University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Jani Sofia Almeida
- Laboratory of Immunology and Oncology, Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Faculty of Medicine, Center of Investigation in Environment, Genetics and Oncobiology - CIMAGO, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Lenka Ruzičková
- Hematology Service, Coimbra Hospital and Universitary Centre, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Patricia Couceiro
- Laboratory of Immunology and Oncology, Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Faculty of Medicine, Center of Investigation in Environment, Genetics and Oncobiology - CIMAGO, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Vera Alves
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Immunology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Faculty of Medicine, Center of Investigation in Environment, Genetics and Oncobiology - CIMAGO, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Carmen Campos
- Department of Immunology, Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba - Reina Sofia University Hospital - University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Corona Alonso
- Department of Immunology, Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba - Reina Sofia University Hospital - University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | | | | | - Rafael Solana
- Department of Immunology, Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba - Reina Sofia University Hospital - University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Manuel Santos-Rosa
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Immunology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Faculty of Medicine, Center of Investigation in Environment, Genetics and Oncobiology - CIMAGO, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
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14
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Chawansuntati K, Chotirosniramit N, Sugandhavesa P, Aurpibul L, Thetket S, Kosashunhanan N, Supindham T, Kaewthip O, Sroysuwan P, Sirisanthana T, Suparatpinyo K, Wipasa J. Low expression of activation marker CD69 and chemokine receptors CCR5 and CXCR3 on memory T cells after 2009 H1N1 influenza A antigen stimulation in vitro following H1N1 vaccination of HIV-infected individuals. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2015; 11:2253-65. [PMID: 26091502 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2015.1051275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Unlike well-studied antibody responses to pandemic 2009 H1N1 influenza A virus vaccines in human immunodeficiency virus-infected (HIV+) individuals, less well understood are cell-mediated immune (CMI) responses to this antigen in this susceptible population. We investigated such influenza-specific CMI responses in 61 HIV+ individuals and in 20 HIV-negative (HIV-) healthy controls. Each was vaccinated with a single licensed dose of inactivated, split-virion vaccine comprised of the influenza A/California/7/2009 (H1N1) virus-like strain. Cells collected just prior to vaccination and at 1 and 3 months afterwards were stimulated in vitro with dialyzed vaccine antigen and assayed by flow cytometry for cytokines TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-2, and IL-10, for degranulation marker CD107a, as well as phenotypes of memory T-cell subpopulations. Comparable increases of cytokine-producing and CD107a-expressing T cells were observed in both HIV+ subjects and healthy HIV-controls. However, by 3 months post-vaccination, in vitro antigen stimulation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells induced greater expansion in controls of both CD4 and CD8 central memory and effector memory T cells, as well as higher expression of the activation marker CD69 and chemokine receptors CCR5 and CXCR3 than in HIV+ subjects. We concluded CD4+ and CD8+ memory T cells produce cytokines at comparable levels in both groups, whereas the expression after in vitro stimulation of molecules critical for cell migration to infection sites are lower in the HIV+ than in comparable controls. Further immunization strategies against influenza are needed to improve the CMI responses in people living with HIV.
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15
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Sudan B, Wacker MA, Wilson ME, Graff JW. A Systematic Approach to Identify Markers of Distinctly Activated Human Macrophages. Front Immunol 2015; 6:253. [PMID: 26074920 PMCID: PMC4445387 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2015.00253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2015] [Accepted: 05/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Polarization has been a useful concept for describing activated macrophage phenotypes and gene expression profiles. However, macrophage activation status within tumors and other settings are often inferred based on only a few markers. Complicating matters for relevance to human biology, many macrophage activation markers have been best characterized in mice and sometimes are not similarly regulated in human macrophages. To identify novel markers of activated human macrophages, gene expression profiles for human macrophages of a single donor subjected to 33 distinct activating conditions were obtained and a set of putative activation markers were subsequently evaluated in macrophages from multiple donors using integrated fluidic circuit (IFC)-based RT-PCR. Using unsupervised hierarchical clustering of the microarray screen, highly altered transcripts (>4-fold change in expression) sorted the macrophage transcription profiles into two major and 13 minor clusters. Among the 1874 highly altered transcripts, over 100 were uniquely altered in one major or two related minor clusters. IFC PCR-derived data confirmed the microarray results and determined the kinetics of expression of potential macrophage activation markers. Transcripts encoding chemokines, cytokines, and cell surface were prominent in our analyses. The activation markers identified by this study could be used to better characterize tumor-associated macrophages from biopsies as well as other macrophage populations collected from human clinical samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bayan Sudan
- Infectious Diseases Division, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa , Iowa City, IA , USA
| | - Mark A Wacker
- Infectious Diseases Division, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa , Iowa City, IA , USA
| | - Mary E Wilson
- Infectious Diseases Division, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa , Iowa City, IA , USA ; Iowa City VA Medical Center , Iowa City, IA , USA
| | - Joel W Graff
- Infectious Diseases Division, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa , Iowa City, IA , USA ; Iowa City VA Medical Center , Iowa City, IA , USA
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16
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Enriquez-Algeciras M, Bhattacharya SK, Serra HM. Deimination level and peptidyl arginine deiminase 2 expression are elevated in astrocytes with increased incubation temperature. J Neurosci Res 2015; 93:1388-98. [PMID: 25801379 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.23587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2014] [Revised: 02/20/2015] [Accepted: 02/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Astrocytes respond to environmental cues, including changes in temperatures. Increased deimination, observed in many progressive neurological diseases, is thought to be contributed by astrocytes. We determined the level of deimination and expression of peptidyl arginine deiminase 2 (PAD2) in isolated primary astrocytes in response to changes on either side (31°C and 41°C) of the optimal temperature (37°C). We investigated changes in the astrocytes by using a number of established markers and accounted for cell death with the CellTiter-Blue assay. We found increased expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein, ALDH1L1, and J1-31, resulting from increased incubation temperature and increased expression of TSP1, S100β, and AQP4, resulting from decreased incubation temperature vs. optimal temperature, suggesting activation of different biochemical pathways in astrocytes associated with different incubation temperatures. Mass spectrometric analyses support such trends. The PAD2 level was increased only as a result of increased incubation temperature with a commensurate increased level of deimination. Actin cytoskeleton and iso[4]LGE, a lipid peroxidase modification, also showed an increase with higher incubation temperature. Altogether, these results suggest that temperature, as an environmental cue, activates astrocytes in a different manner on either side of the optimal temperature and that increase in deimination is associated only with the higher temperature side of the spectrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mabel Enriquez-Algeciras
- Department of Ophthalmology, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami, Miami, Florida.,CIBICI, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, National University of Córdoba, Córdoba, República Argentina
| | - Sanjoy K Bhattacharya
- Department of Ophthalmology, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
| | - Horacio M Serra
- CIBICI, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, National University of Córdoba, Córdoba, República Argentina
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17
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Meng H, Lee Y, Ba Z, Fleming JA, Furumoto EJ, Roberts RF, Kris-Etherton PM, Rogers CJ. In vitro Production of IL-6 and IFN-γ is Influenced by Dietary Variables and Predicts Upper Respiratory Tract Infection Incidence and Severity Respectively in Young Adults. Front Immunol 2015; 6:94. [PMID: 25788896 PMCID: PMC4349184 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2015.00094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2015] [Accepted: 02/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Assessment of immune responses in healthy adults following dietary or lifestyle interventions is challenging due to significant inter-individual variability. Thus, gaining a better understanding of host factors that contribute to the heterogeneity in immunity is necessary. To address this question, healthy adults [n = 36, 18-40 years old, body mass index (BMI) 20-35 kg/m(2)] were recruited. Dietary intake was obtained via 3-day dietary recall records, physical activity level was evaluated using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire, and peripheral blood mononuclear cells were isolated from peripheral blood. Expression of activation markers on unstimulated immune subsets was assessed by flow cytometry. T-cell proliferation and cytokine secretion was assessed following in vitro stimulation with anti-CD3 or lipopolysaccharide. Furthermore, the incidence and severity of cold or flu symptoms were obtained from self-reported upper respiratory tract infection (URTI) questionnaires. The relationship between activation marker expression on T cells and T-cell effector functions; and in vitro cytokine secretion and URTI was determined by linear or logistic regression. CD69 and CD25 expression on unstimulated T cells was significantly associated with T-cell proliferation and interleukin-2 secretion. Incidence and severity of cold or flu symptoms was significantly associated with in vitro interleukin-6 and interferon-gamma secretion, respectively. Furthermore, host factors (e.g., age, BMI, physical activity, and diet) contributed significantly to the relationship between activation marker expression and T-cell effector function, and cytokine secretion and cold and flu status. In conclusion, these results suggest that lifestyle and dietary factors are important variables that contribute to immune responses and should be included in human clinical trials that assess immune endpoints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huicui Meng
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Pennsylvania State University , University Park, PA , USA
| | - Yujin Lee
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Pennsylvania State University , University Park, PA , USA
| | - Zhaoyong Ba
- Department of Food Science, Pennsylvania State University , University Park, PA , USA
| | - Jennifer A Fleming
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Pennsylvania State University , University Park, PA , USA
| | - Emily J Furumoto
- Department of Food Science, Pennsylvania State University , University Park, PA , USA
| | - Robert F Roberts
- Department of Food Science, Pennsylvania State University , University Park, PA , USA
| | - Penny M Kris-Etherton
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Pennsylvania State University , University Park, PA , USA
| | - Connie J Rogers
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Pennsylvania State University , University Park, PA , USA
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18
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Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) has been modeled in vitro in a number of species, including rat, cow and human. Coculture of multiple cell types is required for the correct expression of tight junction proteins by microvascular brain endothelial cells (MBEC). Markers of inflammation, especially MHC-II, and cell adhesion molecules, such as VCAM-1, are not expressed on the luminal surface of the barrier under resting conditions. The rhesus macaque model has been used to study early events of HIV-neuropathogenesis in vivo, but a suitable in vitro model has not been available for detailed mechanistic studies. Here we describe an in vitro rhesus macaque blood-brain barrier that utilizes autologous MBEC and astrocytes. We believe that this model is highly relevant for examining immunological events at the blood-brain barrier and demonstrate its potential usefulness for examining early events in AIDS neuropathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew G MacLean
- New England Regional Primate Research Center, Harvard Medical School, Southborough, MA 01772-9102, USA
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