1
|
Cai M, Zhao K, Wu L, Huang Y, Zhao M, Hu Q, Chen Q, Yao S, Li Z, Fan X, Liu Z. Artificial intelligence-based analysis of tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte spatial distribution for colorectal cancer prognosis. Chin Med J (Engl) 2024; 137:421-430. [PMID: 38238158 PMCID: PMC10876244 DOI: 10.1097/cm9.0000000000002964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Artificial intelligence (AI) technology represented by deep learning has made remarkable achievements in digital pathology, enhancing the accuracy and reliability of diagnosis and prognosis evaluation. The spatial distribution of CD3 + and CD8 + T cells within the tumor microenvironment has been demonstrated to have a significant impact on the prognosis of colorectal cancer (CRC). This study aimed to investigate CD3 CT (CD3 + T cells density in the core of the tumor [CT]) prognostic ability in patients with CRC by using AI technology. METHODS The study involved the enrollment of 492 patients from two distinct medical centers, with 358 patients assigned to the training cohort and an additional 134 patients allocated to the validation cohort. To facilitate tissue segmentation and T-cells quantification in whole-slide images (WSIs), a fully automated workflow based on deep learning was devised. Upon the completion of tissue segmentation and subsequent cell segmentation, a comprehensive analysis was conducted. RESULTS The evaluation of various positive T cell densities revealed comparable discriminatory ability between CD3 CT and CD3-CD8 (the combination of CD3 + and CD8 + T cells density within the CT and invasive margin) in predicting mortality (C-index in training cohort: 0.65 vs. 0.64; validation cohort: 0.69 vs. 0.69). The CD3 CT was confirmed as an independent prognostic factor, with high CD3 CT density associated with increased overall survival (OS) in the training cohort (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.22, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.12-0.38, P <0.001) and validation cohort (HR = 0.21, 95% CI: 0.05-0.92, P = 0.037). CONCLUSIONS We quantify the spatial distribution of CD3 + and CD8 + T cells within tissue regions in WSIs using AI technology. The CD3 CT confirmed as a stage-independent predictor for OS in CRC patients. Moreover, CD3 CT shows promise in simplifying the CD3-CD8 system and facilitating its practical application in clinical settings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ming Cai
- Department of Radiology, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence in Medical Image Analysis and Application, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - Ke Zhao
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
- Medical Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - Lin Wu
- Department of Pathology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Yunnan Cancer Hospital, Yunnan Cancer Center, Kunming, Yunnan 650118, China
| | - Yanqi Huang
- Department of Radiology, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence in Medical Image Analysis and Application, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - Minning Zhao
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Qingru Hu
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Qicong Chen
- Institute of Computing Science and Technology, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China
| | - Su Yao
- Department of Pathology, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - Zhenhui Li
- Department of Pathology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Yunnan Cancer Hospital, Yunnan Cancer Center, Kunming, Yunnan 650118, China
| | - Xinjuan Fan
- Department of Pathology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510655, China
| | - Zaiyi Liu
- Department of Radiology, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence in Medical Image Analysis and Application, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Cao W, Birkenbach M, Chen S. Patterns of Inflammatory Cell Infiltration and Expression of STAT6 in the Lungs of Patients With COVID-19: An Autopsy Study. Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol 2022; 30:350-357. [PMID: 35363626 PMCID: PMC9066507 DOI: 10.1097/pai.0000000000001023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 causes diffuse alveolar damage (DAD), lymphocyte infiltration in the lungs and a cytokine storm. In this study we examined inflammatory cell infiltrates and the expression of signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) 6 in the lungs of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). METHODS Eighteen COVID-19 autopsy cases, 9 non-COVID cases with DAD, and 11 controls without lung diseases were included. Immunostainings for STAT6, CD3, CD4, CD8, CD68, and broad-spectrum keratins were performed. RESULTS The average age of COVID-19 patients was 64.4±2.1 years. The disease duration was 7 to 53 days. The number of pneumocytes, macrophages or CD3+ T cells was significantly increased in the lungs of patients with COVID-19. Patients' age above 67 years, blood troponin levels >0.2 ng/mL, platelet count >100×109/L, lung macrophages >130/high-power field (HPF), CD3+ T cells >145/HPF, CD8+ T cells <30/HPF, and CD8/CD4 ratio <1 were associated with shorter survival duration after onset of symptoms. In addition, STAT6 staining was much stronger in pneumocytes and lymphocytes in the lungs of patients with COVID-19 than non-COVID DAD patients or controls. CONCLUSION Older age, high blood troponin level and platelet count, more macrophages and fewer CD8+ T cells in the lungs of COVID-19 were associated with poorer outcome. STAT6 expression was increased in pneumocytes and lymphocytes in the lungs of patients with COVID-19, implying a role of STAT6 in cytokine storms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weibiao Cao
- Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine
- Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital and The Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI
| | | | - Sonja Chen
- Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Benner SE, Walter DL, Thuma JR, Courreges M, James CBL, Schwartz FL, McCall KD. Toll-Like Receptor 3 Is Critical to the Pancreatic Islet Milieu That Is Required for Coxsackievirus B4-Induced Type 1 Diabetes in Female Nonobese Diabetic Mice. Pancreas 2022; 51:48-55. [PMID: 35195595 PMCID: PMC8865205 DOI: 10.1097/mpa.0000000000001960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Genetic and environmental influences play a role as triggers of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). Female nonobese diabetic (NOD) mice are useful for studying T1DM as they spontaneously develop T1DM, which can be accelerated by some viruses. Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) is believed to play a critical role in viral-induced T1DM and β-cell destruction, because female Tlr3 knockout (Tlr3-/-) NOD mice are protected from Coxsackievirus B4 (CVB4)-induced acceleration of T1DM. However, the exact role(s) TLR3 plays in the pathogenesis of CVB4-induced T1DM remain unknown. METHODS This longitudinal study used immunostaining, laser capture microdissection, and reverse transcription real-time polymerase chain reaction of islets from female uninfected and CVB4-infected Tlr3+/+ and Tlr3-/- NOD mice. RESULTS Islets isolated from female Tlr3+/+ NOD mice 4 to 8 weeks of age had higher amounts of insulitis, Cxcl10, Il1b, Tnfa, and Tgfb1 expression compared with Tlr3-/- NOD mice. After CVB4 infection, Tlr3+/+ NOD mice had higher amounts of insulitis and T-cell infiltration at 3 days after infection compared with Tlr3-/- CVB4-infected NOD mice. CONCLUSIONS Toll-like receptor 3 is necessary for establishment of a pancreatic islet inflammatory microenvironment by increasing insulitis and cytokine expression that facilitates CVB4-induced T1DM in female NOD mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E. Benner
- From the Molecular and Cellular Biology Program
- Department of Biological Sciences, Ohio University College of Arts & Sciences
| | - Debra L. Walter
- From the Molecular and Cellular Biology Program
- Department of Biological Sciences, Ohio University College of Arts & Sciences
| | | | | | - Calvin B. L. James
- From the Molecular and Cellular Biology Program
- Biomedical Sciences
- Diabetes Institute, Ohio University Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Athens, OH
| | - Frank L. Schwartz
- Departments of Specialty Medicine
- Diabetes Institute, Ohio University Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Athens, OH
| | - Kelly D. McCall
- From the Molecular and Cellular Biology Program
- Department of Biological Sciences, Ohio University College of Arts & Sciences
- Departments of Specialty Medicine
- Biomedical Sciences
- Diabetes Institute, Ohio University Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Athens, OH
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Chen W, Yang F, Wang C, Narula J, Pascua E, Ni I, Ding S, Deng X, Chu MLH, Pham A, Jiang X, Lindquist KC, Doonan PJ, Van Blarcom T, Yeung YA, Chaparro-Riggers J. One size does not fit all: navigating the multi-dimensional space to optimize T-cell engaging protein therapeutics. MAbs 2021; 13:1871171. [PMID: 33557687 PMCID: PMC7889206 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2020.1871171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
T-cell engaging biologics is a class of novel and promising immune-oncology compounds that leverage the immune system to eradicate cancer. Here, we compared and contrasted a bispecific diabody-Fc format, which displays a relatively short antigen-binding arm distance, with our bispecific IgG platform. By generating diverse panels of antigen-expressing cells where B cell maturation antigen is either tethered to the cell membrane or located to the juxtamembrane region and masked by elongated structural spacer units, we presented a systematic approach to investigate the role of antigen epitope location and molecular formats in immunological synapse formation and cytotoxicity. We demonstrated that diabody-Fc is more potent for antigen epitopes located in the membrane distal region, while bispecific IgG is more efficient for membrane-proximal epitopes. Additionally, we explored other parameters, including receptor density, antigen-binding affinity, and kinetics. Our results show that molecular format and antigen epitope location, which jointly determine the intermembrane distance between target cells and T cells, allow decoupling of cytotoxicity and cytokine release, while antigen-binding affinities appear to be positively correlated with both readouts. Our work offers new insight that could potentially lead to a wider therapeutic window for T-cell engaging biologics in general.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Chen
- Pfizer Worldwide R&D , BioMedicine Design, CA, USA.,Asher Bio, Protein Sciences , San Carlos, CA, USA
| | - Fan Yang
- Pfizer Worldwide R&D , BioMedicine Design, CA, USA
| | - Carole Wang
- Pfizer Worldwide R&D , BioMedicine Design, CA, USA
| | - Jatin Narula
- Pfizer Worldwide R&D , BioMedicine Design, CA, USA
| | | | - Irene Ni
- Pfizer Worldwide R&D , BioMedicine Design, CA, USA.,Asher Bio, Protein Sciences , San Carlos, CA, USA
| | - Sheng Ding
- Pfizer Worldwide R&D , BioMedicine Design, CA, USA.,Gilead Sciences, Biology Department , Foster City, CA, USA
| | - Xiaodi Deng
- Pfizer Worldwide R&D , BioMedicine Design, CA, USA.,Dren Bio, Biologics Department , San Carlos, CA, USA
| | - Matthew Ling-Hon Chu
- Pfizer Worldwide R&D , BioMedicine Design, CA, USA.,Tizona Therapeutics, Protein Sciences , Antibody Development & Technical Operations, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Amber Pham
- Pfizer Worldwide R&D , BioMedicine Design, CA, USA.,Arcus Biosciences, Protein Sciences , Hayward, CA, USA
| | - Xiaoyue Jiang
- Pfizer Worldwide R&D , BioMedicine Design, CA, USA.,Nektar Therapeutics, Biologics Analytical Development , San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Patrick J Doonan
- Pfizer Worldwide R&D , BioMedicine Design, CA, USA.,Janssen BioTherapeutics, Janssen Research & Development, LLC , Spring House, PA, USA
| | - Tom Van Blarcom
- Pfizer Worldwide R&D , BioMedicine Design, CA, USA.,Allogene Therapeutics, Protein Engineering , South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Yik Andy Yeung
- Pfizer Worldwide R&D , BioMedicine Design, CA, USA.,Asher Bio, Protein Sciences , San Carlos, CA, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Aziz N, Jamieson BD, Quint JJ, Martinez-Maza O, Chow M, Detels R. Longitudinal Intra- and Inter-individual variation in T-cell subsets of HIV-infected and uninfected men participating in the LA Multi-Center AIDS Cohort Study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2019; 98:e17525. [PMID: 31593126 PMCID: PMC6799419 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000017525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Revised: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
To assess the intra-individual and inter-individuals biological variation and the effect of aging on lymphocyte T-cells subsets.We assessed lymphocyte phenotypes (CD3, CD4, and CD8 T-cells) in 89 HIV-1-infected and 88 uninfected white non-Hispanic men every 6 months, to examine the biological variation for those measurements, and the average change in lymphocyte phenotype over 34 years.The markers showed significant intra-individuality in HIV-infected and uninfected individuals with index of individuality of <1.4. No mean changes were seen over the 34 years, with the exception of percentage CD4T-cells in HIV-uninfected individuals.In the pre-HAART era, HIV-infected individuals experienced an increase in mean absolute CD3 T-cell numbers (11.21 cells/μL, P = 0.02) and absolute CD8 T-cell numbers (34.57 cell/μl, P < .001), and in the percentage of CD8 T-cells (1.45%, P < .001) per year and a significant decrease in mean absolute CD4 T-cell numbers (23.68 cells/μl, P < .001) and in the percentage of CD4 T-cells (1.49%, P < .001) per year.In the post-HAART era, no changes in mean levels were observed in absolute CD3 T-cell count (P = .15) or percentage (P = .99). Significant decreases were seen in mean count (8.56 cells/μl, P < .001) and percentage (0.59%, P < .001) of CD8 T-cells, and increases in mean absolute count (10.72 cells/μl, P < .001) and percentage (0.47%, P < .001) of CD4 T-cells.With the exception of CD4 (%), no average changes per year were seen in lymphocyte phenotype of HIV-uninfected men. The results of coefficients of variation of intra and inter-individuals of this study can be useful for HIV-1 infection monitoring and in addition the observation could be a useful guide for intra- and inter-individual coefficient variations, and establishing quality goal studies of different blood biomarkers in healthy and other diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Najib Aziz
- Department of Epidemiology, UCLA Fielding School of Public Health
| | | | - Joshua J. Quint
- Department of Epidemiology, UCLA Fielding School of Public Health
| | - Otoniel Martinez-Maza
- Department of Epidemiology, UCLA Fielding School of Public Health
- Departments of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Microbiology Immunology and Molecular Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Marianne Chow
- Department of Epidemiology, UCLA Fielding School of Public Health
| | - Roger Detels
- Department of Epidemiology, UCLA Fielding School of Public Health
- Department of Medicine
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Kaur HB, Guedes LB, Lu J, Maldonado L, Reitz L, Barber JR, De Marzo AM, Tosoian JJ, Tomlins SA, Schaeffer EM, Joshu CE, Sfanos KS, Lotan TL. Association of tumor-infiltrating T-cell density with molecular subtype, racial ancestry and clinical outcomes in prostate cancer. Mod Pathol 2018; 31:1539-1552. [PMID: 29849114 PMCID: PMC6168349 DOI: 10.1038/s41379-018-0083-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Revised: 05/01/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The inflammatory microenvironment plays an important role in the pathogenesis and progression of tumors and may be associated with somatic genomic alterations. We examined the association of tumor-infiltrating T-cell density with clinical-pathologic variables, tumor molecular subtype, and oncologic outcomes in surgically treated primary prostate cancer occurring in patients of European-American or African-American ancestry. We evaluated 312 primary prostate tumors, enriched for patients with African-American ancestry and high grade disease. Tissue microarrays were immunostained for CD3, CD8, and FOXP3 and were previously immunostained for ERG and PTEN using genetically validated protocols. Image analysis for quantification of T-cell density in tissue microarray tumor spots was performed. Automated quantification of T-cell densities in tumor-containing regions of tissue microarray spots and standard histologic sections were correlated (r = 0.73, p < 0.00001) and there was good agreement between visual and automated T-cell density counts on tissue microarray spots (r = 0.93, p < 0.00001). There was a significant correlation between CD3+, CD8+, and FOXP3+ T-cell densities (p < 0.00001), but these were not associated with most clinical or pathologic variables. Increased T-cell density was significantly associated with ERG positivity (median 309 vs. 188 CD3+ T cells/mm2; p = 0.0004) and also with PTEN loss (median 317 vs. 192 CD3+ T cells/mm2; p = 0.001) in the combined cohort of matched European-American and African-American ancestry patients. The same association or a similar trend was present in patients of both ancestries when analyzed separately. When the African-American patients from the matched race set were combined with a separate high grade set of African-American cases, there was a weak association of increased FOXP3+ T-cell densities with increased risk of metastasis in multivariable analysis. Though high T-cell density is associated with specific molecular subclasses of prostate cancer, we did not find an association of T-cell density with racial ancestry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Harsimar B Kaur
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Liana B Guedes
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jiayun Lu
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Laneisha Maldonado
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Logan Reitz
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - John R Barber
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Angelo M De Marzo
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Urology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jeffrey J Tosoian
- Department of Urology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Scott A Tomlins
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Urology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Edward M Schaeffer
- Department of Urology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Urology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Corinne E Joshu
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Karen S Sfanos
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Urology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Tamara L Lotan
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Rathore AS, Kumar S, Konwar R, Makker A, Negi M, Goel MM. CD3+, CD4+ & CD8+ tumour infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) are predictors of favourable survival outcome in infiltrating ductal carcinoma of breast. Indian J Med Res 2014; 140:361-9. [PMID: 25366203 PMCID: PMC4248382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES Tumour infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) represent the host immune response against cancer cells associated with good or bad prognosis in different tumour types. This study was undertaken to evaluate the significance of CD3+, CD4+ and CD8+ TILs in breast cancer tissues in relation to clinico-pathological variables and survival outcome. METHODS Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was performed with antibodies against CD3, CD4 and CD8 antigens on formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue sections of 150 breast cancer patients. Intratumoural and stromal TIL counting was performed semiquantitatively. RESULTS The higher CD3+, CD4+ and CD8+ intratumoural and stromal counts showed independent and direct association with good prognosis. The prognostic predictor value of intratumoural counts was higher than stromal counts. The independent associations of intratumoural and stromal counts became more prominent when adjusted with stage and grade, respectively. Among intratumoural counts, the high (++/+++) CD4+ count (OR=3.85, 95% CI=3.28-16.71, P<0.001) showed the highest survival followed by CD3+ (OR=2.70, 95% CI=1.76-8.30, P=0.001) and CD8+ (OR=2.58, 95% CI=1.55-5.86, p0 =0.001) the least when compared to respective low (+) counts. In contrast, among stromal counts, the high CD8+ count (OR=3.13, 95% CI=2.20-9.57, p0 <0.001) showed the highest survival followed by CD4+ (OR=3.02, 95% CI=2.07-8.89, p0 <0.001) and CD3+ (OR=2.45, 95% CI=1.53-6.73, p0 =0.002) the least. INTERPRETATION & CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that intratumoural CD4+ and stromal CD8+ counts by immunohistochemistry may serve as an independent prognosticator for favourable outcome in breast cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sandeep Kumar
- Department of Surgery, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, India
| | - Rituraj Konwar
- Department of Endocrinology Division, Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
| | - Annu Makker
- Department of Pathology, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, India
| | - M.P.S. Negi
- Statistics Division, Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
| | - Madhu Mati Goel
- Department of Pathology, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, India,Reprint requests: Dr Madhu Mati Goel, Department of Pathology, King George's Medical University, Lucknow 226 003, India e-mail: Present address: 2Director, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhopal 426 026 (MP); 4 Senior Technician, clinical & Experimental Medicine, Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226 001, India
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Abstract
The experience with gemtuzumab ozogamicin has highlighted both the potential value and limitations of antibodies in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Recently, bispecific T-cell engager (BiTE) antibodies have emerged as a means to harness polyclonal cytotoxic T-cells and cause highly efficient lysis of targeted tumor cells. Promising early results have been obtained with the CD19-directed BiTE antibody, blinatumomab, in patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. A first candidate for AML is the CD33/CD3 molecule, AMG 330, for which several recent preclinical studies demonstrated high potency and efficacy in destroying CD33(+) human AML cells. Many questions remain to be addressed, but BiTE antibodies may offer an exciting new tool in a disease for which the outcomes in many patients remain unsatisfactory.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roland B Walter
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Ave N, D2-190, Seattle, WA 98109-1024, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Sakamoto KP, de Melo GD, Machado GF. T and B lymphocytes in the brains of dogs with concomitant seropositivity to three pathogenic protozoans: Leishmania chagasi, Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora caninum. BMC Res Notes 2013; 6:226. [PMID: 23758819 PMCID: PMC3701587 DOI: 10.1186/1756-0500-6-226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2012] [Accepted: 05/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Visceral leishmaniasis is a disease with great variability regarding the clinical manifestations in humans and dogs. Chronically infected dogs may develop neurological disorders, however, there are few reports that characterize the lesions and make clear the pathogenesis of the canine cerebral leishmaniasis. Concomitant with Leishmania chagasi, dogs may be infected by opportunistic pathogens, such as Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora caninum, which may contribute to the occurrence of lesions in the central nervous system. Hence, we aimed to compare the T and B lymphocytes population in the brains of infected dogs with seropositivity to L. chagasi, T. gondii and N. caninum concurrently (n = 24), seropositivity only to L. chagasi (n = 31), and seropositivity to T. gondii and N. caninum (n = 16). Uninfected dogs were used as control (n = 10). RESULTS Inflammatory lesions, characterised by mononuclear cell accumulation, composed mainly of CD3+ T lymphocytes predominated in several encephalic regions of the dogs from all the three infected groups, with no difference among them (P = 0.0004), whereas CD79α+ B lymphocytes were detected in very small intensity and presented no difference among groups (P = 0.5313). Furthermore, no association among diseases was detected at the serological enquire. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrate that the peripheral infection by L. chagasi per se can promote the influx of lymphocytes within the nervous milieu as occurs during Toxoplasma and Neospora infections, and the concomitant seropositivity against these pathogens does not exacerbate the inflammatory brain lesions. Therefore, these findings give additional support that the brain should be included in the list of organs affected by visceral leishmaniasis and that even asymptomatic infected dogs may develop brain lesions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Keila Priscilla Sakamoto
- Laboratory of Applied Pathology (LAPAP), College of Veterinary Medicine, UNESP – Univ Estadual Paulista, Rua Clóvis Pestana, 739, CEP 16050-680, Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Dias de Melo
- Laboratory of Applied Pathology (LAPAP), College of Veterinary Medicine, UNESP – Univ Estadual Paulista, Rua Clóvis Pestana, 739, CEP 16050-680, Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gisele Fabrino Machado
- Laboratory of Applied Pathology (LAPAP), College of Veterinary Medicine, UNESP – Univ Estadual Paulista, Rua Clóvis Pestana, 739, CEP 16050-680, Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Bellin MD, Barton FB, Heitman A, Alejandro R, Hering BJ, Balamurugan AN, Sutherland DER, Alejandro R, Hering BJ. Potent induction immunotherapy promotes long-term insulin independence after islet transplantation in type 1 diabetes. Am J Transplant 2012; 12:1576-83. [PMID: 22494609 PMCID: PMC3390261 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-6143.2011.03977.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 233] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The seemingly inexorable decline in insulin independence after islet transplant alone (ITA) has raised concern about its clinical utility. We hypothesized that induction immunosuppression therapy determines durability of insulin independence. We analyzed the proportion of insulin-independent patients following final islet infusion in four groups of ITA recipients according to induction immunotherapy: University of Minnesota recipients given FcR nonbinding anti-CD3 antibody alone or T cell depleting antibodies (TCDAb) and TNF-α inhibition (TNF-α-i) (group 1; n = 29); recipients reported to the Collaborative Islet Transplant Registry (CITR) given TCDAb+TNF-α-i (group 2; n = 20); CITR recipients given TCDAb without TNF-α-i (group 3; n = 43); and CITR recipients given IL-2 receptor antibodies (IL-2RAb) alone (group 4; n = 177). Results were compared with outcomes in pancreas transplant alone (PTA) recipients reported to the Scientific Registry of Transplant Recipients (group 5; n = 677). The 5-year insulin independence rates in group 1 (50%) and group 2 (50%) were comparable to outcomes in PTA (group 5: 52%; p>>0.05) but significantly higher than in group 3 (0%; p = 0.001) and group 4 (20%; p = 0.02). Induction immunosuppression was significantly associated with 5-year insulin independence (p = 0.03), regardless of maintenance immunosuppression or other factors. These findings support potential for long-term insulin independence after ITA using potent induction therapy, with anti-CD3 Ab or TCDAb+TNF-α-i.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Melena D Bellin
- The Schulze Diabetes Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | | | | | | | - Bernhard J Hering
- The Schulze Diabetes Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Yiemwattana I, Ngoenkam J, Paensuwan P, Kriangkrai R, Chuenjitkuntaworn B, Pongcharoen S. Essential role of the adaptor protein Nck1 in Jurkat T cell activation and function. Clin Exp Immunol 2012; 167:99-107. [PMID: 22132889 PMCID: PMC3248091 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2249.2011.04494.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/26/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The non-catalytic region of tyrosine kinase (Nck) is proposed to play an essential role in T cell activation. However, evidence based on functional and biochemical studies has brought into question the critical function of Nck. Therefore, the aim of the present work was to investigate the role of Nck in T cell activation. To study this, the human Jurkat T cell line was used as a model for human T lymphocytes. The short interfering (si) RNA targeting Nck1 gene was used with electroporation to knock-down Nck1 protein expression in Jurkat T cells. Primary human CD4 T cells were also transfected with the siRNA of Nck1. The results showed that decreased Nck1 protein expression did not affect the apoptosis of the transfected Jurkat T cells compared with control siRNA-transfected cells and non-transfected cells. Upon CD3ε/CD28 stimulation, knock-down of Nck1 in Jurkat T cells caused a decrease in CD69 expression and in interleukin (IL)-2 secretion. Similarly, knock-down of Nck1 in primary CD4 T cells also caused decreased CD69 expression. However, no significant alterations of CD69 and IL-2 expression were found upon phytohaemagglutinin (PHA)/phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) stimulation. Knock-down of Nck1 had no effect on the proliferation of Jurkat T cells stimulated with either PHA or anti-T cell receptor (TCR) monoclonal antibody (C305). The reduced Nck1 expression in Jurkat cells was also associated with a reduced phosphorylation of extracellular regulated kinase (Erk)1 and Erk2 proteins upon CD3ε/CD28 stimulation. In conclusion, the decreased Nck1 protein in Jurkat T cells resulted in an impairment of TCR-CD3-mediated activation involving a defective Erk phosphorylation pathway.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Adaptive Immunity/immunology
- Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/antagonists & inhibitors
- Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/genetics
- Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/physiology
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/immunology
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/pharmacology
- Antigens, CD/biosynthesis
- Antigens, CD/genetics
- Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte/biosynthesis
- Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte/genetics
- Apoptosis/drug effects
- Apoptosis/immunology
- CD28 Antigens/immunology
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- Electroporation
- Humans
- Interleukin-1/biosynthesis
- Interleukin-1/genetics
- Jurkat Cells/drug effects
- Jurkat Cells/immunology
- Jurkat Cells/metabolism
- Lectins, C-Type/biosynthesis
- Lectins, C-Type/genetics
- Lymphocyte Activation/drug effects
- Lymphocyte Activation/immunology
- Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1/metabolism
- Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3/metabolism
- Oncogene Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors
- Oncogene Proteins/genetics
- Oncogene Proteins/physiology
- Phosphorylation
- Phytohemagglutinins/pharmacology
- Protein Processing, Post-Translational
- RNA Interference
- RNA, Small Interfering/pharmacology
- Receptor-CD3 Complex, Antigen, T-Cell/immunology
- Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate/pharmacology
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- I Yiemwattana
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Kuhns MS, Girvin AT, Klein LO, Chen R, Jensen KD, Newell EW, Huppa JB, Lillemeier BF, Huse M, Chien YH, Garcia KC, Davis MM. Evidence for a functional sidedness to the alphabetaTCR. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2010; 107:5094-9. [PMID: 20202921 PMCID: PMC2841884 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1000925107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The T cell receptor (TCR) and associated CD3gammaepsilon, deltaepsilon, and zetazeta signaling dimers allow T cells to discriminate between different antigens and respond accordingly, but our knowledge of how these parts fit and work together is incomplete. In this study, we provide additional evidence that the CD3 heterodimers congregate on one side of the TCR in both the alphabeta and gammadeltaTCR-CD3 complexes. We also report that the other side of the alphabetaTCR mediates homotypic alphabetaTCR interactions and signaling. Specifically, an erythropoietin receptor-based dimerization assay was used to show that, upon complex assembly, the CD3epsilon chains of two CD3 heterodimers are arranged side-by-side in both the alphabeta and gammadeltaTCR-CD3 complexes. This system was also used to show that alphabetaTCRs can dimerize in the cell membrane and that mutating the unusual outer strands of the Calpha domain impairs this dimerization. Finally, we present data showing that, for CD4 T cells, the mutations that impair alphabetaTCR dimerization also alter ligand-induced calcium mobilization, TCR accumulation at the site of pMHC contact, and polarization toward the site of antigen contact. These data reveal a "functional-sidedness" to the alphabetaTCR constant region, with dimerization occurring on the side of the TCR opposite from where the CD3 heterodimers are located.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antigen-Presenting Cells/cytology
- CD3 Complex/metabolism
- Calcium Signaling
- Cell Line
- Cell Membrane/metabolism
- Cell Polarity
- Humans
- Intracellular Space/metabolism
- Mice
- Models, Molecular
- Mutation/genetics
- Protein Multimerization
- Protein Structure, Secondary
- Protein Subunits/metabolism
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/chemistry
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/genetics
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/metabolism
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, gamma-delta/metabolism
- T-Lymphocytes/cytology
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael S. Kuhns
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Andrew T. Girvin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology
- Graduate Program in Immunology
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Lawrence O. Klein
- Graduate Program in Biophysics
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Rebecca Chen
- CCIS/ITI Summer High School Research Program
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Kirk D.C. Jensen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Evan W. Newell
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Johannes B. Huppa
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Björn F. Lillemeier
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Morgan Huse
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Yueh-hsiu Chien
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - K. Christopher Garcia
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology
- Department of Structural Biology, and
- The Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD 20815; and
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Mark M. Davis
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology
- The Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD 20815; and
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Li J, Zhou B, Shentu J, Du L, Tan M, Hou S, Qian W, Li B, Zhang D, Dai J, Wang H, Zhang X, Chen J, Guo Y. Phase I trial of a humanized, Fc receptor nonbinding anti- CD3 antibody, hu12F6mu in patients receiving renal allografts. MAbs 2010; 2. [PMID: 20519962 PMCID: PMC3180091 DOI: 10.4161/mabs.2.4.12305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Hu12F6mu is an Fc-mutated, humanized anti-CD3 antibody developed in our lab. The aim of this study was to assess single dose escalation pharmacokinetics (PK) and safety profile of hu12F6mu and to measure the effects of the antibody on levels of circulating T cells over time. Twenty-seven patients receiving renal allografts were randomized to receive hu12F6mu intravenously at a single-dose of 2.5, 5 or 10 mg. The concentration-time data obtained by a validated ELISA method were subjected to non-compartmental PK analysis by DAS 2.1 software. Subgroups of CD2(+), CD3(+), CD4(+) and CD8(+) lymphocytes were monitored periodically by flow cytometry. Our results showed that hu12F6mu exhibited linear PK over the dose range of 2.5 to 10 mg. A significant decline in the proportion of T cells was observed immediately after the infusion, followed by a progressive increase occurring over the ensuing days of therapy. A significant negative correlation was observed between serum concentration of hu12F6mu and CD3(+) cell proportion. Intravenous infusion of hu12F6mu was well-tolerated in patients receiving renal allografts. These results suggest that hu12F6mu may have potential as a therapeutic agent, although further studies are needed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- PLA General Hospital Cancer Center and Department of Urology; The PLA Postgraduate School of Medicine; Beijing, China,International Cancer Research Institute; The Second Military Medical University; Shanghai, China,National Engineering Research Center of Antibody Medicine; Shanghai, China
| | - Bo Zhou
- PLA General Hospital Cancer Center and Department of Urology; The PLA Postgraduate School of Medicine; Beijing, China,International Cancer Research Institute; The Second Military Medical University; Shanghai, China,National Engineering Research Center of Antibody Medicine; Shanghai, China
| | - Jianzhong Shentu
- First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou, China
| | - Li Du
- PLA General Hospital Cancer Center and Department of Urology; The PLA Postgraduate School of Medicine; Beijing, China,International Cancer Research Institute; The Second Military Medical University; Shanghai, China
| | - Min Tan
- PLA General Hospital Cancer Center and Department of Urology; The PLA Postgraduate School of Medicine; Beijing, China,International Cancer Research Institute; The Second Military Medical University; Shanghai, China
| | - Sheng Hou
- PLA General Hospital Cancer Center and Department of Urology; The PLA Postgraduate School of Medicine; Beijing, China,International Cancer Research Institute; The Second Military Medical University; Shanghai, China,National Engineering Research Center of Antibody Medicine; Shanghai, China
| | - Weizhu Qian
- PLA General Hospital Cancer Center and Department of Urology; The PLA Postgraduate School of Medicine; Beijing, China,International Cancer Research Institute; The Second Military Medical University; Shanghai, China,National Engineering Research Center of Antibody Medicine; Shanghai, China
| | - Bohua Li
- PLA General Hospital Cancer Center and Department of Urology; The PLA Postgraduate School of Medicine; Beijing, China,International Cancer Research Institute; The Second Military Medical University; Shanghai, China,National Engineering Research Center of Antibody Medicine; Shanghai, China
| | - Dapeng Zhang
- PLA General Hospital Cancer Center and Department of Urology; The PLA Postgraduate School of Medicine; Beijing, China,International Cancer Research Institute; The Second Military Medical University; Shanghai, China,National Engineering Research Center of Antibody Medicine; Shanghai, China
| | - Jianxin Dai
- PLA General Hospital Cancer Center and Department of Urology; The PLA Postgraduate School of Medicine; Beijing, China,International Cancer Research Institute; The Second Military Medical University; Shanghai, China,National Engineering Research Center of Antibody Medicine; Shanghai, China
| | - Hao Wang
- PLA General Hospital Cancer Center and Department of Urology; The PLA Postgraduate School of Medicine; Beijing, China,International Cancer Research Institute; The Second Military Medical University; Shanghai, China,National Engineering Research Center of Antibody Medicine; Shanghai, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- PLA General Hospital Cancer Center and Department of Urology; The PLA Postgraduate School of Medicine; Beijing, China
| | - Jianghua Chen
- First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou, China
| | - Yajun Guo
- PLA General Hospital Cancer Center and Department of Urology; The PLA Postgraduate School of Medicine; Beijing, China,International Cancer Research Institute; The Second Military Medical University; Shanghai, China,National Engineering Research Center of Antibody Medicine; Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Robert G, Descazeaud A, Nicolaïew N, Terry S, Sirab N, Vacherot F, Maillé P, Allory Y, De La Taille A. Inflammation in benign prostatic hyperplasia: a 282 patients' immunohistochemical analysis. Prostate 2009; 69:1774-80. [PMID: 19670242 PMCID: PMC2833181 DOI: 10.1002/pros.21027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 195] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES Prostatic inflammation could be a key component in prostate enlargement and benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) progression. Our aim was to characterize inflammatory cells infiltrate within BPH tissue and to correlate inflammation and clinical data. MATERIAL AND METHODS Inflammation was profiled on three clinical outcome tissue microarrays (TMAs), including 282 patients treated by surgery for a complicated and/or symptomatic BPH. Inflammation score was defined by combining six cytological parameters and five markers on immunohistochemistry (IHC). Cytological parameters were lymphocytes, macrophages, and polynuclears leukocytes infiltrates, and three glandular aspect modifications: glandular atrophy, glandular destruction, and tissue fibrosis. IHC markers were CD3, CD4, and CD8 decorating T-lymphocytes, CD20 decorating B-lymphocytes, and CD163 decorating macrophages. RESULTS The majority of patients had inflammatory cells infiltrating BPH tissues: 81% had T-lymphocytes markers (CD3), 52% had B-lymphocytes markers (CD20), and 82% had macrophages markers (CD163). IPSS score (21 vs. 12; P = 0.02) and prostate volume (77 cm(3) vs. 62 cm(3); P = 0.002) were significantly higher in patients with high-grade prostatic inflammation. CONCLUSION We characterized inflammatory cells infiltrate in a large cohort of surgically treated BPH specimens. The role of inflammation in BPH development was highlighted by the strong correlation between histological inflammation, IPSS, and prostate volume. Prostate enlargement due to chronic inflammatory process may progressively conduce to BPH progression. Therefore, inflammation is a therapeutic target for BPH.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Grégoire Robert
- Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale
INSERM : U955Université Paris XII Val de MarneIFR10FR
- Service d'urologie
Pellegrin University HospitalDepartment of UrologyBordeaux-2 Victor Segalen UniversityBordeaux,FR
| | - Aurélien Descazeaud
- Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale
INSERM : U955Université Paris XII Val de MarneIFR10FR
- Service d'urologie
Dupuytren HospitalCHU de LimogesDepartment of UrologyF-87000 Limoges,FR
| | - Nathalie Nicolaïew
- Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale
INSERM : U955Université Paris XII Val de MarneIFR10FR
| | - Stéphane Terry
- Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale
INSERM : U955Université Paris XII Val de MarneIFR10FR
| | - Nanor Sirab
- Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale
INSERM : U955Université Paris XII Val de MarneIFR10FR
| | - Francis Vacherot
- Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale
INSERM : U955Université Paris XII Val de MarneIFR10FR
| | - Pascale Maillé
- Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale
INSERM : U955Université Paris XII Val de MarneIFR10FR
- Service d'anatomie pathologique
AP-HPHôpital Henri MondorUniversité Paris XII Val de MarneCréteil,FR
| | - Yves Allory
- Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale
INSERM : U955Université Paris XII Val de MarneIFR10FR
| | - Alexandre De La Taille
- Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale
INSERM : U955Université Paris XII Val de MarneIFR10FR
- Service d'urologie
AP-HPHôpital Henri MondorUniversité Paris XII Val de Marne51, av du Maréchal de Tassigny, Créteil,FR
- * Correspondence should be adressed to: Alexandre De La Taille
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Brandl C, Haas C, d’Argouges S, Fisch T, Kufer P, Brischwein K, Prang N, Bargou R, Suzich J, Baeuerle PA, Hofmeister R. The effect of dexamethasone on polyclonal T cell activation and redirected target cell lysis as induced by a CD19/ CD3-bispecific single-chain antibody construct. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2007; 56:1551-63. [PMID: 17310380 PMCID: PMC11030660 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-007-0298-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2006] [Accepted: 01/27/2007] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BiTE molecules comprise a new class of bispecific single-chain antibodies redirecting previously unstimulated CD8+ and CD4+ T cells for the elimination of target cells. One example is MT103 (MEDI-538; bscCD19xCD3), a CD19-specific BiTE that can induce lysis of normal and malignant B cells at low picomolar concentrations, which is accompanied by T cell activation. Here, we explored in cell culture the impact of the glucocorticoid derivative dexamethasone on various activation parameters of human T cells in response to MT103. In case cytokine-related side effects should occur with BiTE molecules and other T cell-based approaches during cancer therapy it is important to understand whether glucocorticoids do interfere with the cytotoxic potential of T cells. We found that MT103 induced in the presence of target cells secretion by peripheral T cells of interleukin (IL)-2, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), IL-6, IL-10 and IL-4 into the cell culture medium. Production of all studied cytokines was effectively reduced by dexamethasone at a concentration between 1 and 3x10(-7) M. In contrast, upregulation of activation markers CD69, CD25, CD2 and LFA-1 on both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, and T cell proliferation were barely affected by the steroid hormone analogue. Most importantly, dexamethasone did not detectably inhibit the cytotoxic activity of MT103-activated T cells against a human B lymphoma line as investigated with lymphocytes from 12 human donors. Glucocorticoids thus qualify as a potential co-medication for therapeutic BiTE molecules and other cytotoxic T cell therapies for treatment of cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Cornelia Haas
- Micromet AG, Staffelseestr. 2, 814777 Munich, Germany
| | | | - Tanja Fisch
- Micromet AG, Staffelseestr. 2, 814777 Munich, Germany
| | - Peter Kufer
- Micromet AG, Staffelseestr. 2, 814777 Munich, Germany
| | | | - Nadja Prang
- Micromet AG, Staffelseestr. 2, 814777 Munich, Germany
- Present Address: Serono International SA, Via di Valle Caia 22, 00040 Ardea, Italy
| | - Ralf Bargou
- University Clinic, Klinikstrasse 6-8, 97070 Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - JoAnn Suzich
- Medimmune Inc., One Medimmune Way, Gaithersburg, MD USA
| | | | - Robert Hofmeister
- Micromet AG, Staffelseestr. 2, 814777 Munich, Germany
- Present Address: Serono Research Institute, Inc., One Technology Place, Rockland, MA 02370 USA
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
López-Santalla M, Valeri AP, Pérez-Blas M, Aguilera-Montilla N, Gutiérrez A, Lasa I, Mugüerza JM, Martín J, García-Sancho L, Granell J, Martín-Villa JM. Expression of CD45 and proliferative response to CD3 as suitable classification markers of patients with gastric adenocarcinoma. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2006; 55:744-8. [PMID: 16175399 PMCID: PMC11031110 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-005-0072-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2005] [Accepted: 07/30/2005] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
25 patients with resectable gastric adenocarcinoma, subdivided according to the absence or presence of residual neoplasic disease (RND- or RND+, respectively), were studied. Cytofluorometric analysis and proliferative responses to mitogens was performed in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of patients. When compared to healthy subjects, the percentage of CD3-expressing cells was significantly reduced in both groups of patients studied (p < 0.0001 in all instances). However, when CD45 is considered instead of (CD3, its expression is found to be significantly reduced only in the RND+ patients (72% +/- 11), when compared with the control group (96 +/- 1%, p < 0.0001). Likewise, cells from these patients significantly less proliferated when stimulated with monoclonal antibodies to CD3 than control cells (18,920 +/- 6,019 cpm vs. 42,697 +/- 1,798 cpm, p = 0.0036); a difference not found if RND- patients (33,619 +/- 11,733 cpm) were considered. We propose that the low expression of CD45 and the poor response to CD3 are markers that are able to identify the subgroup of patients in whom the disease will tend to progress more rapidly. We also suggest the use of such markers as additional criteria for the classification of patients with gastric adenocarcinoma or to identify patients who require more aggressive therapeutic strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mercedes López-Santalla
- Departamento de Inmunología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Pabellón 5, 4a Planta, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Anna P. Valeri
- Departamento de Inmunología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Pabellón 5, 4a Planta, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Mercedes Pérez-Blas
- Departamento de Inmunología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Pabellón 5, 4a Planta, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Noemí Aguilera-Montilla
- Departamento de Inmunología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Pabellón 5, 4a Planta, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alberto Gutiérrez
- Servicio de Cirugía General y Aparato Digestivo, Hospital Universitario Príncipe de Asturias, Alcalá de Henares, Spain
| | - Inmaculada Lasa
- Servicio de Cirugía General y Aparato Digestivo, Hospital Universitario Príncipe de Asturias, Alcalá de Henares, Spain
| | - José M. Mugüerza
- Servicio de Cirugía General y Aparato Digestivo, Hospital Universitario Príncipe de Asturias, Alcalá de Henares, Spain
| | - José Martín
- Servicio de Cirugía General y Aparato Digestivo, Hospital Universitario Príncipe de Asturias, Alcalá de Henares, Spain
| | - Luis García-Sancho
- Servicio de Cirugía General y Aparato Digestivo, Hospital Universitario Príncipe de Asturias, Alcalá de Henares, Spain
| | - Javier Granell
- Servicio de Cirugía General y Aparato Digestivo, Hospital Universitario Príncipe de Asturias, Alcalá de Henares, Spain
| | - José M. Martín-Villa
- Departamento de Inmunología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Pabellón 5, 4a Planta, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Yang H, Parkhouse RME, Wileman T. Monoclonal antibodies that identify the CD3 molecules expressed specifically at the surface of porcine gammadelta-T cells. Immunology 2005; 115:189-96. [PMID: 15885124 PMCID: PMC1782146 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2567.2005.02137.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2004] [Revised: 12/21/2004] [Accepted: 01/05/2005] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The CD3 antigen is a surface structure associated with the T-cell receptor (TCR) to form a complex involved in antigen recognition and signal transduction. Reports on the structures of the CD3 molecules associated with alphabeta- and gammadelta-TCR have been contradictory. To investigate this issue, we raised a panel of monoclonal antibodies (mAb) against purified porcine CD3 molecules. Unlike the conventional anti-CD3, these mAb reacted specifically with peripheral gammadelta-T cells, but not with alphabeta-T cells. Immunoprecipitation showed that the antibody recognized a subset of CD3 molecules that were associated with gammadelta-TCR. Also unlike the conventional anti-CD3, these mAb, though directed at two different epitope groups, failed to induce antigenic modulation, T-cell proliferation and CD3-redirected cytotoxicity. Taken together, these results suggest that there are differences in the antigenicity, signal transduction potentials and probably structural differences between the CD3 molecules expressed at the surface of alphabeta- and gammadelta-T cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huaizhi Yang
- Immunology Division, BBSRC Institute for Animal Health, Pirbright, Surrey, UK.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Arnett KL, Harrison SC, Wiley DC. Crystal structure of a human CD3-epsilon/delta dimer in complex with a UCHT1 single-chain antibody fragment. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2004; 101:16268-73. [PMID: 15534202 PMCID: PMC528977 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0407359101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The alpha/beta T cell receptor complex transmits signals from MHC/peptide antigens through a set of constitutively associated signaling molecules, including CD3-epsilon/gamma and CD3-epsilon/delta. We report the crystal structure at 1.9-A resolution of a complex between a human CD3-epsilon/delta ectodomain heterodimer and a single-chain fragment of the UCHT1 antibody. CD3-epsilon/delta and CD3-epsilon/gamma share a conserved interface between the Ig-fold ectodomains, with parallel packing of the two G strands. CD3-delta has a more electronegative surface and a more compact Ig fold than CD3-gamma; thus, the two CD3 heterodimers have distinctly different molecular surfaces. The UCHT1 antibody binds near an acidic region of CD3-epsilon opposite the dimer interface, occluding this region from direct interaction with the TCR. This immunodominant epitope may be a uniquely accessible surface in the TCR/CD3 complex, because there is overlap between the binding site of the UCHT1 and OKT3 antibodies. Determination of the CD3-epsilon/delta structure completes the set of TCR/CD3 globular ectodomains and contributes information about exposed CD3 surfaces.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kelly L Arnett
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, 250 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Valeri AP, Pérez-Blas M, Gutiérrez A, López-Santalla M, Aguilera N, Rodríguez-Juan C, Sala-Silveira L, Martín J, Lasa I, Mugüerza JM, López A, García-Sancho L, Granell J, Martín-Villa JM. Intrinsic defects explain altered proliferative responses of T lymphocytes and HVS-derived T-cell lines in gastric adenocarcinoma. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2003; 52:708-14. [PMID: 12830324 PMCID: PMC11032921 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-003-0413-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2002] [Accepted: 04/14/2003] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
We have taken advantage of a recently described technique of transformation and immortalization of T lymphocytes using the lymphotropic Herpesvirus saimiri, to achieve long-lasting T-cell lines from gastric cancer patients and healthy volunteers. Blood samples were drawn and T lymphocytes were transformed. Once sustained growth was observed, lines were subjected to phenotypic and functional analyses, and the results compared with freshly isolated peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Cytofluorometric analysis revealed that CD3 and CD45 were found at lower proportion in primary cells from patients than from control individuals (54% vs 75%, p<0.001, 90% vs 96%, p<0.05, respectively), and in HVS-derived T-cell lines (90% vs 98%, p<0.05, 97% vs 100%, p<0.05, respectively). Proliferative analyses showed that primary isolated cells were unable to respond adequately to CD3-, CD2-, and PHA-mediated stimulation, as compared to controls. Similarly, T-cell lines from patients proliferated to a lesser extent when CD3- and CD2-mediated stimuli were considered, especially when simultaneous stimulation via CD3 and CD2 molecules was carried out (47,824 counts per minute [cpm] vs 121,478 cpm, p<0.05). Altogether these results show that the defects reported in T cells from patients with cancer are not exclusively due to tumour-derived factors, since the alterations persist in long-lasting, HVS-transformed, T-cell lines, suggesting that this model seems a suitable one to disclose them.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A. P. Valeri
- Inmunología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Pabellón 5, 4ª planta, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - M. Pérez-Blas
- Inmunología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Pabellón 5, 4ª planta, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - A. Gutiérrez
- Servicio de Cirugía General y Aparato Digestivo, Hospital Universitario Príncipe de Asturias, Alcalá de Henares, Spain
| | - M. López-Santalla
- Inmunología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Pabellón 5, 4ª planta, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - N. Aguilera
- Inmunología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Pabellón 5, 4ª planta, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - C. Rodríguez-Juan
- Inmunología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Pabellón 5, 4ª planta, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - L. Sala-Silveira
- Inmunología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Pabellón 5, 4ª planta, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - J. Martín
- Servicio de Cirugía General y Aparato Digestivo, Hospital Universitario Príncipe de Asturias, Alcalá de Henares, Spain
| | - I. Lasa
- Servicio de Cirugía General y Aparato Digestivo, Hospital Universitario Príncipe de Asturias, Alcalá de Henares, Spain
| | - J. M. Mugüerza
- Servicio de Cirugía General y Aparato Digestivo, Hospital Universitario Príncipe de Asturias, Alcalá de Henares, Spain
| | - A. López
- Servicio de Cirugía General y Aparato Digestivo, Hospital Universitario Príncipe de Asturias, Alcalá de Henares, Spain
| | - L. García-Sancho
- Servicio de Cirugía General y Aparato Digestivo, Hospital Universitario Príncipe de Asturias, Alcalá de Henares, Spain
| | - J. Granell
- Servicio de Cirugía General y Aparato Digestivo, Hospital Universitario Príncipe de Asturias, Alcalá de Henares, Spain
| | - J. M. Martín-Villa
- Inmunología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Pabellón 5, 4ª planta, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
|
21
|
Abstract
The aim of this study was to examine in detail the low functional capacity of human intraepithelial lymphocytes (IELs) in response to phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) and CD3 ligation. Human IELs were extracted from jejunal mucosa obtained from patients undergoing gastric bypass operations for morbid obesity and compared to peripheral blood (PB) lymphocytes composed predominantly of CD8+ T cells. Calcium influx ([Ca2+]i) was analysed using Fura-2-loaded cells; IL-2 receptor expression was measured by immunofluorescence and flow cytometry; IL-2 binding was determined using radiolabelled IL-2; IL-2 production was quantified by ELISA; and apoptosis was detected with Apo 2.7 staining. Compared to naive PB CD8+ T lymphocytes, calcium influx by IELs was only transient with CD3 ligation and low in amplitude with PHA. IL-2 receptor expression was reduced after CD3 ligation, yet normal in numbers and affinity after PHA stimulation. Both cell types secreted similar amounts of IL-2. CD3 expression on IELs, but not PB CD8+ T cells, declined upon activation, due partly to incomplete reexpression after modulation. Little apoptosis was found. The partial activation of IELs in response to PHA and CD3 ligation, as manifested by diminished [Ca2+]i, resulted in a decline in CD3 expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E C Ebert
- Department of Medicine, UMDNJ-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Thien CBF, Scaife RM, Papadimitriou JM, Murphy MA, Bowtell DDL, Langdon WY. A mouse with a loss-of-function mutation in the c-Cbl TKB domain shows perturbed thymocyte signaling without enhancing the activity of the ZAP-70 tyrosine kinase. J Exp Med 2003; 197:503-13. [PMID: 12591907 PMCID: PMC2193865 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20021498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The unique tyrosine kinase binding (TKB) domain of Cbl targets phosphorylated tyrosines on activated protein tyrosine kinases (PTKs); this targeting is considered essential for Cbl proteins to negatively regulate PTKs. Here, a loss-of-function mutation (G304E) in the c-Cbl TKB domain, first identified in Caenorhabditis elegans, was introduced into a mouse and its effects in thymocytes and T cells were studied. In marked contrast to the c-Cbl knockout mouse, we found no evidence of enhanced activity of the ZAP-70 PTK in thymocytes from the TKB domain mutant mouse. This finding contradicts the accepted mechanism of c-Cbl-mediated negative regulation, which requires TKB domain targeting of phosphotyrosine 292 in ZAP-70. However, the TKB domain mutant mouse does show aspects of enhanced signaling that parallel those of the c-Cbl knockout mouse, but these involve the constitutive activation of Rac and not enhanced PTK activity. Furthermore, the enhanced signaling in CD4(+)CD8(+) double positive thymocytes appears to be compensated by the selective down-regulation of CD3 on mature thymocytes and peripheral T cells from both strains of mutant c-Cbl mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christine B F Thien
- Department of Pathology, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Abstract
The T cell antigen receptor complexes expressed on alphabeta and gammadelta T cells differ not only in their respective clonotypic heterodimers but also in the subunit composition of their CD3 complexes. The gammadelta T cell receptors (TCRs) expressed on ex vivo gammadelta T cells lack CD3delta, whereas alphabeta TCRs contain CD3delta. While this result correlates with the phenotype of CD3delta(-/-) mice, in which gammadelta T cell development is unaffected, it is inconsistent with the results of previous studies reporting that CD3delta is a component of the gammadelta TCR. Since earlier studies examined the subunit composition of gammadelta TCRs expressed on activated and expanded peripheral gammadelta T cells or gammadelta TCR(+) intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes, we hypothesized that activation and expansion may lead to changes in the CD3 subunit composition of the gammadelta TCR. Here, we report that activation and expansion do in fact result in the inclusion of a protein, comparable in mass and mobility to CD3delta, in the gammadelta TCR. Further analyses revealed that this protein is not CD3delta, but instead is a differentially glycosylated form of CD3gamma. These results provide further evidence for a major difference in the subunit composition of alphabeta- and gammadelta TCR complexes and raise the possibility that modification of CD3gamma may have important functional consequences in activated gammadelta T cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sandra M Hayes
- Laboratory of Mammalian Genes and Development, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Mengozzi M, Malipatlolla M, De Rosa SC, Herzenberg LA, Herzenberg LA, Roederer M. Naive CD4 T cells inhibit CD28-costimulated R5 HIV replication in memory CD4 T cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2001; 98:11644-9. [PMID: 11562498 PMCID: PMC58783 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.211205098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Stimulation with antibodies to CD3 and CD28 coimmobilized on beads can be used to significantly expand T cells ex vivo. With CD4 T cells from HIV-infected patients, this expansion usually is accompanied by complete suppression of viral replication, presumed to be caused by down-regulation of the viral coreceptor CCR5 and up-regulation of CCR5 ligands. Here we show that this suppression occurs in total CD4 T cells acutely infected with R5 HIV, but not in purified CD62L(-) memory CD4 T cells. The lack of complete suppression in these memory cells, typically comprising 10-40% of total CD4 T cells, occurs despite high levels of CCR5 ligand secretion and down-regulation of CCR5. Significantly, adding back naive or CD62L(+) memory CD4 T cells inhibits the viral replication in the CD62L(-) cells, with the naive cells capable of completely repressing the virus. Although this inhibition was previously thought to be specific to bead-bound anti-CD3/CD28 stimulation, we show that the same suppression is obtained with sufficiently strong anti-CD3/B7.1 stimulation. Our results show that inhibitory mechanisms, expressed predominantly by strongly stimulated naive CD4 T cells and mediated independently of CCR5-binding chemokines, play a role in the inhibition of R5 HIV replication in CD4 T cells upon CD28 costimulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Mengozzi
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305-5318, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Deakin AM, Singh K, Crowe JS, Ellis JH, Dalgleish A, Leicester RJ, Finlayson CJ, Miles WF, Life PF. A lack of evidence for down-modulation of CD3 zeta expression in colorectal carcinoma and pregnancy using multiple detection methods. Clin Exp Immunol 1999; 118:197-204. [PMID: 10540179 PMCID: PMC1905430 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2249.1999.01044.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/14/1999] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Loss of the T cell receptor-associated CD3 zeta chain has been proposed as a possible mechanism of the acquired immunosuppression in both tumour-bearing hosts, and in symptomatic patients with HIV infection. However, other reports suggest that the zeta-chain loss may in part be caused by protease activity of contaminating phagocytes ex vivo. Using flow cytometry and Western blot analysis on highly purified T cells, and ensuring adequate addition of protease inhibitors, we have studied the expression of CD3zeta on peripheral blood T cells from patients with colorectal carcinoma, and compared these with normal controls, and pregnant donors, as a further example of an immunocompromised state. Immunohistochemistry was performed on tumour sections from patients with colorectal carcinoma to measure CD3zeta expression in tumour infiltrating T cells, and compared with normal mucosa and tonsil. Using these three approaches, our data provide no evidence for downregulation of CD3zeta chain expression either in colorectal carcinoma or pregnancy and suggest that this explanation is unlikely to fully account for the reduced T cell function associated with these conditions in all patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A M Deakin
- Immunopathology Unit, Glaxo Wellcome Medicines Research Centre, Stevenage, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Silvestri B, Calderazzo F, Coppola V, Rosato A, Iacobelli S, Natoli C, Ullrich A, Sures I, Azam M, Brakebush C, Chieco-Bianchi L, Amadori A. Differential effect on TCR: CD3 stimulation of a 90-kD glycoprotein (gp90/Mac-2BP), a member of the scavenger receptor cysteine-rich domain protein family. Clin Exp Immunol 1998; 113:394-400. [PMID: 9737668 PMCID: PMC1905063 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2249.1998.00654.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We studied the effects of a 90-kD glycoprotein (gp90/Mac-2BP) belonging to the scavenger receptor family, present in normal serum and at increased levels in inflammatory disease and cancer patients, on some T cell function parameters. Whereas the lymphocyte proliferative response to non-specific mitogens such as phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) and concanavalin A (Con A), but not pokeweed mitogen (PWM), was strongly reduced, probably due to the lectin-binding properties of gp90/Mac-2BP, the response to T cell receptor (TCR) agonists such as superantigens and allogeneic cells was potentiated. When lymphocytes were stimulated with different anti-TCR:CD3 MoAbs, both in soluble and solid-phase form, gp90/Mac-2BP was able to down-regulate the proliferative response to anti-CD3 MoAb, whereas the response to anti-TCR alphabeta MoAb was enhanced. A similar differential effect was observed when a MoAb against CD5 (another member of the scavenger receptor superfamily) was added to anti-CD3 or anti-TCR-stimulated cells; anti-CD5 MoAb strongly down-modulated the CD3-mediated response, whereas its presence in culture was associated with potentiation of the response to TCR alphabeta agonists. gp90/Mac-2BP was able per se to up-regulate Ca2+ levels in freshly isolated lymphocytes; moreover, its presence in culture was associated with increased Ca2+ mobilization following stimulation with anti-TCR alphabeta, but not anti-CD3 MoAb. These data indicate that gp90/Mac-2BP could be able to influence some immune responses, possibly through multiple homologous interactions with other members of the scavenger receptor family; moreover, our findings suggest that signalling through the different components of the TCR:CD3 complex may follow distinct activation pathways into the cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B Silvestri
- Department of Oncology and Surgical Sciences, Interuniversity Centre for Research on Cancer, University of Padova, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Abstract
Here we investigated the nature of cutaneous T cell lymphoma (CTCL) cells lacking surface CD3. A large number of CD3- CD4 T cells were found in the peripheral blood and lesional skin of a patient with Sézary syndrome, which is a variant of CTCL. Southern blot analysis revealed that a clonal rearrangement of T cell receptor (TCR) genes was detected in the separated CD3- CD4 cells, whereas CD3+ CD4 cells showed no clonal rearrangement, indicating that the CD3- CD4 cells represented CTCL cells. However, the CTCL cells expressed TCR with a particular Vbeta apart from CD3. The CTCL cells showed significant responses to staphylococcal enterotoxins (SEs) in vitro, although they hardly responded to phytohaemagglutinin, Mycobacterium tuberculosis antigen, and alloantigen. They required antigen-presenting cells (APC) to respond to SEB. Blocking analyses with MoAbs revealed that they recognized SEB through TCR depending on HLA-DR and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1). Taken collectively, these results indicate that the CTCL cells lacking surface CD3 could proliferate in response to bacterial superantigens, whereas the responses to conventional antigens were generally suppressed. These results also implied that CTCL could be exacerbated by bacterial infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Sano
- Department of Dermatology, Osaka University Medical School, Suita, Japan
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Raivich G, Jones LL, Kloss CU, Werner A, Neumann H, Kreutzberg GW. Immune surveillance in the injured nervous system: T-lymphocytes invade the axotomized mouse facial motor nucleus and aggregate around sites of neuronal degeneration. J Neurosci 1998; 18:5804-16. [PMID: 9671668 PMCID: PMC6793073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Although the CNS is an established immune-privileged site, it is under surveillance by the immune system, particularly under pathological conditions. In the current study we examined the lymphocyte infiltration, a key component of this neuroimmune surveillance, into the axotomized facial motor nucleus and analyzed the changes in proinflammatory cytokines and the blood-brain barrier. Peripheral nerve transection led to a rapid influx of CD3-, CD11a (alphaL, LFA1alpha)- and CD44-immunoreactive T-cells into the axotomized mouse facial motor nucleus, with a first, low-level plateau 2-4 d after injury, and a second, much stronger increase at 14 d. These T-cells frequently formed aggregates and exhibited typical cleaved lymphocyte nuclei at the EM level. Immunohistochemical colocalization with thrombospondin (TSP), a marker for phagocytotic microglia, revealed aggregation of the T-cells around microglia removing neuronal debris. The massive influx of lymphocytes at day 14 was also accompanied by the synthesis of mRNA encoding IL1beta, TNFalpha, and IFN-gamma. There was no infiltration by the neutrophil granulocytes, and the intravenous injection of horseradish peroxidase also showed an intact blood-brain barrier. However, mice with severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID), which lack differentiated T- and B-cells, still exhibited infiltration with CD11a-positive cells. These CD11a-positive cells also aggregated around phagocytotic microglial nodules. In summary, there is a site-selective infiltration of activated T-cells into the mouse CNS during the retrograde reaction to axotomy. The striking aggregation of these lymphocytes around neuronal debris and phagocytotic microglia suggests an important role for the immune surveillance during neuronal cell death in the injured nervous system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G Raivich
- Department of Neuromorphology, Max-Planck-Institute for Neurobiology, D-82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Abstract
This study examines the nature of T cell hypersensitivity in BD. Highly purified T cells from 32 BD patients, from 29 rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients and from 14 healthy individuals were cultured with various concentrations of Staphylococcal enterotoxins (SE) B and C1 in the presence of monocytes for 5 days, after which the production of interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) was assessed. High concentrations of SE (1 ng/ml) stimulated BD T cells as well as control T cells to produce comparably high amounts of IFN-gamma, whereas low concentrations of SE (1 pg/ml) stimulated BD T cells much more effectively than normal or RA T cells. The hypersensitivity of BD T cells to low concentrations of SEC1 was restored with RA monocytes instead of BD monocytes, whereas BD monocytes could not elicit the SEC1-induced IFN-gamma production of RA T cells. Moreover, there were no significant differences between BD T cells and RA T cells in monocyte-independent IFN-gamma production stimulated with low or high concentrations of immobilized anti-CD3, or in the monocyte-mediated enhancement of IFN-gamma production stimulated with a low concentration of immobilized anti-CD3. These results confirm that T cell hypersensitivity is not confined to certain specific antigens in BD. More importantly, the data strongly suggest that abnormalities in signal transduction triggered by perturbation of T cell receptors, but not in that induced by cross-linking of CD3 molecules nor in that delivered through costimulation molecules, play an important role in the pathogenesis of BD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Hirohata
- Department of Internal Medicine, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Bielefeldt-Ohmann H, Fitzpatrick DR, Marzo AL, Jarnicki AG, Himbeck RP, Davis MR, Manning LS, Robinson BW. Patho- and immunobiology of malignant mesothelioma: characterisation of tumour infiltrating leucocytes and cytokine production in a murine model. Cancer Immunol Immunother 1994; 39:347-59. [PMID: 8001022 PMCID: PMC11041107 DOI: 10.1007/bf01534421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/1994] [Accepted: 08/03/1994] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Malignant mesothelioma (MM) is an aggressive, uniformly fatal serosal tumour, usually associated with asbestos exposure, for which there currently is no effective treatment. In order to gain insight into the mechanism(s) whereby MM might escape immune surveillance, a murine model for MM was used (a) to characterise the tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) and macrophages (TIM) phenotypically, (b) to examine systemic immune recognition of MM, and (c) to examine the possible influence of tumour-derived cytokines on systemic and local pathobiological manifestations of MM. A profound down-regulation of lymphocyte surface markers, known to be involved in T cell activation, was found in TIL. Likewise, although TIM were present in large numbers, their expression of MHC class II antigen and integrins was weak or absent, suggestive of altered functional activity. Significant amounts of cytokines, in particular transforming growth factor beta, interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-1 and tumour necrosis factor were produced during the course of MM tumour development-directly by the MM cells and/or indirectly in response to tumour growth. These factors may contribute both to derangement of antitumour effector mechanisms and to the clinical and pathological manifestations of the disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H Bielefeldt-Ohmann
- University of Western Australia Department of Medicine, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|