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Iijima K, Matsuhashi T, Shimodaira Y, Mikami T, Yoshimura T, Yanai S, Kudara N, Tsuji T, Matsushita H, Watanabe H, Koike T, Kato K, Abe Y, Shirahata N, Hikichi T, Katakura K, Kono K, Sakuraba H, Ueno Y, Ohira H, Masamune A, Matsumoto T, Fukuda S. Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the performance of endoscopy in the Tohoku region of Japan. DEN Open 2024; 4:e249. [PMID: 37273519 PMCID: PMC10235797 DOI: 10.1002/deo2.249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Objectives The whole picture of the disturbance in endoscopy performance caused by the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic in Japan remains to be clarified. Therefore, the Japan Gastroenterological Endoscopy Society-Tohoku conducted this questionnaire survey in Tohoku region of Japan. Methods A questionnaire on the number of diagnostic endoscopy procedures and resulting diagnosed cancers in 2019 and 2020 was sent to all guidance/guidance cooperation hospitals in the Japan Gastroenterological Endoscopy Society who worked in the Tohoku region. The percentage change was calculated by comparing the numbers in 2020 with those in 2019 (the pre-COVID-19 period). Results Among the applicable 89 guidance/guidance cooperation hospitals, 83 (94%) returned the questionnaire. The number of endoscopy procedures promptly decreased to the nadir in April and May 2020 (during the first state of emergency in Japan); however, it recovered relatively quickly, within a few months after the state of emergency was lifted. Consequently, the annual reduction in the number of endoscopy procedures in 2020 (in comparison to 2019) was 10.1% for esophagogastroduodenoscopy and 7.9% for colonoscopy. The reduction in the number of diagnostic endoscopy procedures led to a 5.5% reduction in esophagogastric cancer and 2.7% in colorectal cancer. Conclusions This is the most comprehensive survey on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the performance of endoscopy and the resulting diagnosis of cancer in Japan. Understanding the magnitude of the decline in endoscopic examinations and cancer detection due to the pandemic is critical to understanding how many people will ultimately be affected and establishing a strategy for providing endoscopy during national emergencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsunori Iijima
- Department of GastroenterologyAkita University Graduate School of MedicineAkitaJapan
| | - Tamotsu Matsuhashi
- Department of GastroenterologyAkita University Graduate School of MedicineAkitaJapan
| | - Yosuke Shimodaira
- Department of GastroenterologyAkita University Graduate School of MedicineAkitaJapan
| | - Tatsuya Mikami
- Division of EndoscopyHirosaki University HospitalAomoriJapan
| | | | - Shunichi Yanai
- Department of Internal MedicineDivision of Gastroenterology and HepatologySchool of MedicineIwate Medical UniversityIwateJapan
| | - Norihiko Kudara
- Department of Internal Medicine and GastroenterologyIwate Prefectural Ofunato HospitalIwateJapan
| | | | | | | | - Tomoyuki Koike
- Division of GastroenterologyTohoku University Graduate School of MedicineMiyagiJapan
| | - Katsuaki Kato
- Cancer Detection Center, Miyagi Cancer SocietyMiyagiJapan
| | - Yasuhiko Abe
- Division of EndoscopyYamagata University HospitalYamagataJapan
| | - Nakao Shirahata
- Department of GastroenterologyYamagata Prefectural Central HospitalYamagataJapan
| | - Takuto Hikichi
- Department of EndoscopyFukushima Medical University HospitalFukushimaJapan
| | - Kyoko Katakura
- Department of GastroenterologyIwase general hospitalFukushimaJapan
| | - Koji Kono
- Department of Gastrointestinal Tract SurgeryFukushima Medical University School of MedicineFukushimaJapan
| | - Hirotake Sakuraba
- Department of GastroenterologyHirosaki University Graduate School of MedicineAomoriJapan
| | - Yoshiyuki Ueno
- Department of GastroenterologyFaculty of MedicineYamagata UniversityYamagataJapan
| | - Hiromasa Ohira
- Department of GastroenterologyFukushima Medical University School of MedicineFukushimaJapan
| | - Atsushi Masamune
- Division of GastroenterologyTohoku University Graduate School of MedicineMiyagiJapan
| | - Takayuki Matsumoto
- Department of Internal MedicineDivision of Gastroenterology and HepatologySchool of MedicineIwate Medical UniversityIwateJapan
| | - Shinsaku Fukuda
- Department of GastroenterologyHirosaki University Graduate School of MedicineAomoriJapan
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Vučelj S, Hasić R, Ašanin D, Šmit B, Caković A, Bogojeski J, Serafinović MĆ, Marković BS, Stojanović B, Pavlović S, Stanisavljević I, Ćorović I, Stojanović MD, Jovanović I, Soldatović TV, Stojanović B. Modes of Interactions with DNA/HSA Biomolecules and Comparative Cytotoxic Studies of Newly Synthesized Mononuclear Zinc(II) and Heteronuclear Platinum(II)/Zinc(II) Complexes toward Colorectal Cancer Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3027. [PMID: 38474273 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25053027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2024] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
A series of mono- and heteronuclear platinum(II) and zinc(II) complexes with 4,4',4″-tri-tert-butyl-2,2':6',2″-terpyridine ligand were synthesized and characterized. The DNA and protein binding properties of [ZnCl2(terpytBu)] (C1), [{cis-PtCl(NH3)2(μ-pyrazine)ZnCl(terpytBu)}](ClO4)2 (C2), [{trans-PtCl(NH3)2(μ-pyrazine)ZnCl(terpytBu)}](ClO4)2 (C3), [{cis-PtCl(NH3)2(μ-4,4'-bipyridyl)ZnCl(terpytBu)}](CIO4)2 (C4) and [{trans-PtCl(NH3)2(μ-4,4'-bipyridyl)ZnCl(terpytBu)}](CIO4)2 (C5) (where terpytBu = 4,4',4″-tri-tert-butyl-2,2':6',2″-terpyridine), were investigated by electronic absorption, fluorescence spectroscopic, and molecular docking methods. Complexes featuring transplatin exhibited lower Kb and Ksv constant values compared to cisplatin analogs. The lowest Ksv value belonged to complex C1, while C4 exhibited the highest. Molecular docking studies reveal that the binding of complex C1 to DNA is due to van der Waals forces, while that of C2-C5 is due to conventional hydrogen bonds and van der Waals forces. The tested complexes exhibited variable cytotoxicity toward mouse colorectal carcinoma (CT26), human colorectal carcinoma (HCT116 and SW480), and non-cancerous mouse mesenchymal stem cells (mMSC). Particularly, the mononuclear C1 complex showed pronounced selectivity toward cancer cells over non-cancerous mMSC. The C1 complex notably induced apoptosis in CT26 cells, effectively arrested the cell cycle in the G0/G1 phase, and selectively down-regulated Cyclin D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samir Vučelj
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Center for Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of Kragujevac, S. Markovića 69, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
- General Hospital of Novi Pazar, Department of Internal Medicine, Generala Živkovića 1, 36300 Novi Pazar, Serbia
| | - Rušid Hasić
- Department of Natural-Mathematical Sciences, State University of Novi Pazar, Vuka Karadžića 9, 36300 Novi Pazar, Serbia
| | - Darko Ašanin
- Institute for Information Technologies, University of Kragujevac, Jovana Cvijića bb, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Biljana Šmit
- Institute for Information Technologies, University of Kragujevac, Jovana Cvijića bb, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Angelina Caković
- Faculty of Science, University of Kragujevac, Radoja Domanovića 12, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Jovana Bogojeski
- Faculty of Science, University of Kragujevac, Radoja Domanovića 12, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | | | - Bojana Simović Marković
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Center for Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of Kragujevac, S. Markovića 69, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Bojan Stojanović
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Center for Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of Kragujevac, S. Markovića 69, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Department of Surgery, University of Kragujevac, S. Markovića 69, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Sladjana Pavlović
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Center for Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of Kragujevac, S. Markovića 69, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Isidora Stanisavljević
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Center for Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of Kragujevac, S. Markovića 69, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Irfan Ćorović
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Center for Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of Kragujevac, S. Markovića 69, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
- General Hospital of Novi Pazar, Department of Internal Medicine, Generala Živkovića 1, 36300 Novi Pazar, Serbia
| | - Milica Dimitrijević Stojanović
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Center for Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of Kragujevac, S. Markovića 69, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Department of Pathology, University of Kragujevac, S. Markovića 69, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Ivan Jovanović
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Center for Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of Kragujevac, S. Markovića 69, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Tanja V Soldatović
- Department of Natural-Mathematical Sciences, State University of Novi Pazar, Vuka Karadžića 9, 36300 Novi Pazar, Serbia
| | - Bojana Stojanović
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Center for Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of Kragujevac, S. Markovića 69, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Department of Pathophysiology, University of Kragujevac, S. Markovića 69, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
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Wang B, Deng J, Donati V, Merali N, Frampton AE, Giovannetti E, Deng D. The Roles and Interactions of Porphyromonas gingivalis and Fusobacterium nucleatum in Oral and Gastrointestinal Carcinogenesis: A Narrative Review. Pathogens 2024; 13:93. [PMID: 38276166 PMCID: PMC10820765 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens13010093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological studies have spotlighted the intricate relationship between individual oral bacteria and tumor occurrence. Porphyromonas gingivalis and Fusobacteria nucleatum, which are known periodontal pathogens, have emerged as extensively studied participants with potential pathogenic abilities in carcinogenesis. However, the complex dynamics arising from interactions between these two pathogens were less addressed. This narrative review aims to summarize the current knowledge on the prevalence and mechanism implications of P. gingivalis and F. nucleatum in the carcinogenesis of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), colorectal cancer (CRC), and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). In particular, it explores the clinical and experimental evidence on the interplay between P. gingivalis and F. nucleatum in affecting oral and gastrointestinal carcinogenesis. P. gingivalis and F. nucleatum, which are recognized as keystone or bridging bacteria, were identified in multiple clinical studies simultaneously. The prevalence of both bacteria species correlated with cancer development progression, emphasizing the potential impact of the collaboration. Regrettably, there was insufficient experimental evidence to demonstrate the synergistic function. We further propose a hypothesis to elucidate the underlying mechanisms, offering a promising avenue for future research in this dynamic and evolving field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Vrije Universiteit, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (B.W.); (J.D.); (V.D.); (E.G.)
| | - Juan Deng
- Department of Medical Oncology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Vrije Universiteit, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (B.W.); (J.D.); (V.D.); (E.G.)
| | - Valentina Donati
- Department of Medical Oncology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Vrije Universiteit, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (B.W.); (J.D.); (V.D.); (E.G.)
- Unit of Pathological Anatomy 2, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana, 56100 Pisa, Italy
| | - Nabeel Merali
- Minimal Access Therapy Training Unit (MATTU), Royal Surrey County Hospital, NHS Foundation Trust, Egerton Road, Guildford GU2 7XX, UK; (N.M.); (A.E.F.)
- Department of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary (HPB) Surgery, Royal Surrey County Hospital, NHS Foundation Trust, Egerton Road, Guildford GU2 7XX, UK
- Section of Oncology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Health Medical Science, University of Surrey, Guilford GU2 7WG, UK
| | - Adam E. Frampton
- Minimal Access Therapy Training Unit (MATTU), Royal Surrey County Hospital, NHS Foundation Trust, Egerton Road, Guildford GU2 7XX, UK; (N.M.); (A.E.F.)
- Department of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary (HPB) Surgery, Royal Surrey County Hospital, NHS Foundation Trust, Egerton Road, Guildford GU2 7XX, UK
- Section of Oncology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Health Medical Science, University of Surrey, Guilford GU2 7WG, UK
| | - Elisa Giovannetti
- Department of Medical Oncology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Vrije Universiteit, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (B.W.); (J.D.); (V.D.); (E.G.)
- Fondazione Pisana per la Scienza, 56100 Pisa, Italy
| | - Dongmei Deng
- Department of Prevention Dentistry, Academic Center for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universitreit Amsterdam, 1081 LA Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Lieto E, Cardella F, Wang D, Ronchi A, Del Sorbo G, Panarese I, Ferraraccio F, De Vita F, Galizia G, Auricchio A. Assessment of the DNA Mismatch Repair System Is Crucial in Colorectal Cancers Necessitating Adjuvant Treatment: A Propensity Score-Matched and Win Ratio Analysis. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 16:134. [PMID: 38201561 PMCID: PMC10778196 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16010134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
A deficient DNA mismatch repair (MMR) system is identified in a non-negligible part of sporadic colorectal cancers (CRCs), and its prognostic value remains controversial. High tumor mutational burden, along with a poor response to conventional chemotherapy and excellent results from immunotherapy, are the main features of this subset. The aim of this study was to evaluate the predictive value of DNA MMR system status for its best treatment. Four hundred and three CRC patients, operated on from 2014 to 2021 and not treated with immunotherapy, entered this study. Immunohistochemistry and polymerase chain reaction, as appropriate, were used to unequivocally group specimens into microsatellite stable (MSS) and instable (MSI) tumors. The win-ratio approach was utilized to compare composite outcomes. MSI tumors accounted for 12.9% of all series. The right tumor location represented the most important factor related to MSI. The status of the DNA MMR system did not appear to correlate with outcome in early-stage CRCs not requiring adjuvant treatment; in advanced stages undergoing conventional chemotherapy, MSI tumors showed significantly poorer overall and disease-free survival rates and the highest win ratio instead. The determination of DNA MMR status is crucial to recommending correct management. There is clear evidence that instable CRCs needing adjuvant therapy should undergo appropriate treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Lieto
- Division of GI Tract Surgical Oncology, Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (E.L.); (F.C.); (G.D.S.); (A.A.)
| | - Francesca Cardella
- Division of GI Tract Surgical Oncology, Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (E.L.); (F.C.); (G.D.S.); (A.A.)
| | - Duolao Wang
- Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Tropical Medicine Liverpool, Liverpool L7 8XZ, UK;
| | - Andrea Ronchi
- Division of Pathology, Department of Mental and Physical Health and Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Campania “L VanvItelli”, via Luciano Armanni, 80138 Naples, Italy; (A.R.); (I.P.); (F.F.)
| | - Giovanni Del Sorbo
- Division of GI Tract Surgical Oncology, Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (E.L.); (F.C.); (G.D.S.); (A.A.)
| | - Iacopo Panarese
- Division of Pathology, Department of Mental and Physical Health and Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Campania “L VanvItelli”, via Luciano Armanni, 80138 Naples, Italy; (A.R.); (I.P.); (F.F.)
| | - Francesca Ferraraccio
- Division of Pathology, Department of Mental and Physical Health and Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Campania “L VanvItelli”, via Luciano Armanni, 80138 Naples, Italy; (A.R.); (I.P.); (F.F.)
| | - Ferdinando De Vita
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Precision Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Campania ‘Luigi Vanvitelli’, 80138 Naples, Italy;
| | - Gennaro Galizia
- Division of GI Tract Surgical Oncology, Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (E.L.); (F.C.); (G.D.S.); (A.A.)
| | - Annamaria Auricchio
- Division of GI Tract Surgical Oncology, Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (E.L.); (F.C.); (G.D.S.); (A.A.)
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Jeong SM, Jung KW, Park J, Kim N, Shin DW, Suh M. Disparities in Cancer Incidence across Income Levels in South Korea. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:5898. [PMID: 38136441 PMCID: PMC10741676 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15245898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent nationwide studies of disparities in cancer incidence by income are scarce in Korea. This study investigated such disparities in cancer incidence and the stage at cancer diagnosis across income groups in Korea. METHODS This study utilized data from a national cancer database, specifically focusing on cases recorded in the year 2018. Income levels were categorized into quintiles according to the insurance premium paid in addition to the Medicaid benefit. The slope index of inequality (SII) and relative index of inequality (RII) were used to measure absolute and relative differences in cancer incidence by income. A multivariable logistic regression was performed to estimate the risk of a distant stage at cancer diagnosis. RESULTS The total number of cases of incident cancer was 223,371 (men: 116,320, women: 107,051) with shares of the total of 29.5% (5Q), 20.4% (4Q), 16.0% (3Q), 13.5% (2Q), 15.6% (1Q), and 5% (Medicaid). The most common cancer type was thyroid cancer, followed by gastric and colorectal cancers. The age-standardized incidence rate for all cancers was lowest in the highest income group, but the SII was not statistically significant (SII: -35.7), and the RII was -0.07. Colorectal and cervical cancers had lower incidence rates for higher income groups, while thyroid and prostate cancers had higher incidence rates for higher income groups. The odds ratio for a distant stage at diagnosis for all cancers increased for lower income groups relative to 5Q. CONCLUSIONS Disparities in cancer incidence in a Korean population differed by cancer type, and lower income was a significant predictor of a distant stage at diagnosis for cancers overall. These results emphasize the need for further study of the underlying causes of disparities in cancer incidence and the stage at diagnosis, as well as the need for interventions to mitigate these disparities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Min Jeong
- Department of Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea;
- Department of Family Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyu-Won Jung
- National Cancer Control Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang 10408, Republic of Korea; (K.-W.J.); (J.P.); (N.K.)
| | - Juwon Park
- National Cancer Control Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang 10408, Republic of Korea; (K.-W.J.); (J.P.); (N.K.)
| | - Nayeon Kim
- National Cancer Control Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang 10408, Republic of Korea; (K.-W.J.); (J.P.); (N.K.)
| | - Dong Wook Shin
- Department of Clinical Research Design and Evaluation, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Science and Technology, School of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul 16419, Republic of Korea
- Department of Family Medicine and Supportive Care Center, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea
| | - Mina Suh
- National Cancer Control Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang 10408, Republic of Korea; (K.-W.J.); (J.P.); (N.K.)
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Kwon IS, Hwang YN, Park JH, Na HH, Kwon TH, Park JS, Kim KC. Metallothionein Family Proteins as Regulators of Zinc Ions Synergistically Enhance the Anticancer Effect of Cannabidiol in Human Colorectal Cancer Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16621. [PMID: 38068944 PMCID: PMC10705991 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242316621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Cannabidiol (CBD) is a chemical obtained from Cannabis sativa; it has therapeutic effects on anxiety and cognition and anti-inflammatory properties. Although pharmacological applications of CBD in many types of tumors have recently been reported, the mechanism of action of CBD is not yet fully understood. In this study, we perform an mRNA-seq analysis to identify the target genes of CBD after determining the cytotoxic concentrations of CBD using an MTT assay. CBD treatment regulated the expression of genes related to DNA repair and cell division, with metallothionein (MT) family genes being identified as having highly increased expression levels induced by CBD. It was also found that the expression levels of MT family genes were decreased in colorectal cancer tissues compared to those in normal tissues, indicating that the downregulation of MT family genes might be highly associated with colorectal tumor progression. A qPCR experiment revealed that the expression levels of MT family genes were increased by CBD. Moreover, MT family genes were regulated by CBD or crude extract but not by other cannabinoids, suggesting that the expression of MT family genes was specifically induced by CBD. A synergistic effect between CBD and MT gene transfection or zinc ion treatment was found. In conclusion, MT family genes as novel target genes could synergistically increase the anticancer activity of CBD by regulating the zinc ions in human colorectal cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- In-Seo Kwon
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Kangwon, Republic of Korea; (I.-S.K.); (Y.-N.H.); (J.-H.P.); (H.-H.N.)
| | - Yu-Na Hwang
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Kangwon, Republic of Korea; (I.-S.K.); (Y.-N.H.); (J.-H.P.); (H.-H.N.)
| | - Ju-Hee Park
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Kangwon, Republic of Korea; (I.-S.K.); (Y.-N.H.); (J.-H.P.); (H.-H.N.)
| | - Han-Heom Na
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Kangwon, Republic of Korea; (I.-S.K.); (Y.-N.H.); (J.-H.P.); (H.-H.N.)
- Kangwon Center for System Imaging, Chuncheon 24341, Kangwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Hyung Kwon
- Chuncheon Bioindustry Foundation, Chuncheon 24232, Kangwon, Republic of Korea;
| | - Jin-Sung Park
- Korean Pharmacopuncture Institute, Seoul 07525, Republic of Korea;
| | - Keun-Cheol Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Kangwon, Republic of Korea; (I.-S.K.); (Y.-N.H.); (J.-H.P.); (H.-H.N.)
- Kangwon Center for System Imaging, Chuncheon 24341, Kangwon, Republic of Korea
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Adebayo AS, Agbaje K, Adesina SK, Olajubutu O. Colorectal Cancer: Disease Process, Current Treatment Options, and Future Perspectives. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2620. [PMID: 38004598 PMCID: PMC10674471 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15112620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the deadliest malignancies in the US, ranking fourth after lung, prostate, and breast cancers, respectively, in general populations. It continues to be a menace, and the incidence has been projected to more than double by 2035, especially in underdeveloped countries. This review seeks to provide some insights into the disease progression, currently available treatment options and their challenges, and future perspectives. Searches were conducted in the PubMed search engine in the university's online library. The keywords were "Colorectal Cancer" AND "disease process" OR "disease mechanisms" OR "Current Treatment" OR "Prospects". Selection criteria were original articles published primarily during the period of 2013 through 2023. Abstracts, books and documents, and reviews/systematic reviews were filtered out. Of over 490 thousand articles returned, only about 800 met preliminary selection criteria, 200 were reviewed in detail, but 191 met final selection criteria. Fifty-one other articles were used due to cross-referencing. Although recently considered a disease of lifestyle, CRC incidence appears to be rising in countries with low, low-medium, and medium social demographic indices. CRC can affect all parts of the colon and rectum but is more fatal with poor disease outcomes when it is right-sided. The disease progression usually takes between 7-10 years and can be asymptomatic, making early detection and diagnosis difficult. The CRC tumor microenvironment is made up of different types of cells interacting with each other to promote the growth and proliferation of the tumor cells. Significant advancement has been made in the treatment of colorectal cancer. Notable approaches include surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and cryotherapy. Chemotherapy, including 5-fluorouracil, irinotecan, oxaliplatin, and leucovorin, plays a significant role in the management of CRC that has been diagnosed at advanced stages. Two classes of monoclonal antibody therapies have been approved by the FDA for the treatment of colorectal cancer: the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) inhibitor, e.g., bevacizumab (Avastin®), and the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitor, e.g., cetuximab (Erbitux®) and panitumumab (Verbitix®). However, many significant problems are still being experienced with these treatments, mainly off-target effects, toxic side effects, and the associated therapeutic failures of small molecular drugs and the rapid loss of efficacy of mAb therapies. Other novel delivery strategies continue to be investigated, including ligand-based targeting of CRC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amusa S. Adebayo
- College of Pharmacy, Howard University, 2400 6th St NW, Washington, DC 20059, USA; (K.A.); (S.K.A.); (O.O.)
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Abdelrahim M, Esmail A, Abudayyeh A, Murakami N, Victor D, Kodali S, Cheah YL, Simon CJ, Noureddin M, Connor A, Saharia A, Moore LW, Heyne K, Kaseb AO, Gaber AO, Ghobrial RM. Transplant Oncology: An Emerging Discipline of Cancer Treatment. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:5337. [PMID: 38001597 PMCID: PMC10670243 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15225337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Transplant oncology is an emerging concept of cancer treatment with a promising prospective outcome. The applications of oncology, transplant medicine, and surgery are the core of transplant oncology to improve patients' survival and quality of life. The main concept of transplant oncology is to radically cure cancer by removing the diseased organ and replacing it with a healthy one, aiming to improve the survival outcomes and quality of life of cancer patients. Subsequently, it seeks to expand the treatment options and research for hepatobiliary malignancies, which have seen significantly improved survival outcomes after the implementation of liver transplantation (LT). In the case of colorectal cancer (CRC) in the transplant setting, where the liver is the most common site of metastasis of patients who are considered to have unresectable disease, initial studies have shown improved survival for LT treatment compared to palliative therapy interventions. The indications of LT for hepatobiliary malignancies have been slowly expanded over the years beyond Milan criteria in a stepwise manner. However, the outcome improvements and overall patient survival are limited to the specifics of the setting and systematic intervention options. This review aims to illustrate the representative concepts and history of transplant oncology as an emerging discipline for the management of hepatobiliary malignancies, in addition to other emerging concepts, such as the uses of immunotherapy in a peri-transplant setting as well as the use of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) for surveillance post-transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maen Abdelrahim
- Section of GI Oncology, Department of Medical Oncology, Houston Methodist Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (A.E.)
- Cockrell Center of Advanced Therapeutics Phase I Program, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Abdullah Esmail
- Section of GI Oncology, Department of Medical Oncology, Houston Methodist Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (A.E.)
| | - Ala Abudayyeh
- Section of Nephrology, Division of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Naoka Murakami
- Division of Renal Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA;
| | - David Victor
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
- Sherrie and Alan Conover Center for Liver Disease and Transplantation, JC Walter Jr. Center for Transplantation, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Sudha Kodali
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
- Sherrie and Alan Conover Center for Liver Disease and Transplantation, JC Walter Jr. Center for Transplantation, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Yee Lee Cheah
- Sherrie and Alan Conover Center for Liver Disease and Transplantation, JC Walter Jr. Center for Transplantation, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Caroline J. Simon
- Sherrie and Alan Conover Center for Liver Disease and Transplantation, JC Walter Jr. Center for Transplantation, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Mazen Noureddin
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
- Sherrie and Alan Conover Center for Liver Disease and Transplantation, JC Walter Jr. Center for Transplantation, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Ashton Connor
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
- Sherrie and Alan Conover Center for Liver Disease and Transplantation, JC Walter Jr. Center for Transplantation, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Ashish Saharia
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
- Sherrie and Alan Conover Center for Liver Disease and Transplantation, JC Walter Jr. Center for Transplantation, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Linda W. Moore
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
- Sherrie and Alan Conover Center for Liver Disease and Transplantation, JC Walter Jr. Center for Transplantation, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Kirk Heyne
- Section of GI Oncology, Department of Medical Oncology, Houston Methodist Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (A.E.)
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Ahmed O. Kaseb
- Department of Gastrointestinal (GI) Medical Oncology, Division of Cancer Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - A. Osama Gaber
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
- Sherrie and Alan Conover Center for Liver Disease and Transplantation, JC Walter Jr. Center for Transplantation, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Rafik Mark Ghobrial
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
- Sherrie and Alan Conover Center for Liver Disease and Transplantation, JC Walter Jr. Center for Transplantation, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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9
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Bhandari YR, Krishna V, Powers R, Parmar S, Thursby SJ, Gupta E, Kulak O, Gokare P, Reumers J, Van Wesenbeeck L, Bachman KE, Baylin SB, Easwaran H. Transcription factor expression repertoire basis for epigenetic and transcriptional subtypes of colorectal cancers. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2301536120. [PMID: 37487069 PMCID: PMC10401032 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2301536120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancers (CRCs) form a heterogenous group classified into epigenetic and transcriptional subtypes. The basis for the epigenetic subtypes, exemplified by varying degrees of promoter DNA hypermethylation, and its relation to the transcriptional subtypes is not well understood. We link cancer-specific transcription factor (TF) expression alterations to methylation alterations near TF-binding sites at promoter and enhancer regions in CRCs and their premalignant precursor lesions to provide mechanistic insights into the origins and evolution of the CRC molecular subtypes. A gradient of TF expression changes forms a basis for the subtypes of abnormal DNA methylation, termed CpG-island promoter DNA methylation phenotypes (CIMPs), in CRCs and other cancers. CIMP is tightly correlated with cancer-specific hypermethylation at enhancers, which we term CpG-enhancer methylation phenotype (CEMP). Coordinated promoter and enhancer methylation appears to be driven by downregulation of TFs with common binding sites at the hypermethylated enhancers and promoters. The altered expression of TFs related to hypermethylator subtypes occurs early during CRC development, detectable in premalignant adenomas. TF-based profiling further identifies patients with worse overall survival. Importantly, altered expression of these TFs discriminates the transcriptome-based consensus molecular subtypes (CMS), thus providing a common basis for CIMP and CMS subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuba R. Bhandari
- CRB1, Department of Oncology and The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD21287
| | - Vinod Krishna
- Infectious Diseases and Vaccines Therapeutic Area, Janssen Research and Development, Spring House, PA19477
| | - Rachael Powers
- CRB1, Department of Oncology and The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD21287
| | - Sehej Parmar
- CRB1, Department of Oncology and The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD21287
| | - Sara-Jayne Thursby
- CRB1, Department of Oncology and The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD21287
| | - Ekta Gupta
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD21287
| | - Ozlem Kulak
- Division of Gastrointestinal and Liver Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD21287
| | - Prashanth Gokare
- Oncology Therapeutic Area, Janssen Research and Development, Spring House, PA19477
| | - Joke Reumers
- Discovery Technologies and Molecular Pharmacology, Therapeutics Discovery, Janssen Research and Development, Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340Beerse, Belgiumg
| | - Liesbeth Van Wesenbeeck
- Infectious Diseases and Vaccines Therapeutic Area, Janssen Research and Development, Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340Beerse, Belgium
| | - Kurtis E. Bachman
- Oncology Therapeutic Area, Janssen Research and Development, Spring House, PA19477
| | - Stephen B. Baylin
- CRB1, Department of Oncology and The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD21287
| | - Hariharan Easwaran
- CRB1, Department of Oncology and The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD21287
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10
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Cianci P, Tartaglia N, Ambrosi A, Restini E. Editorial: Artificial intelligence in colorectal cancers. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1206311. [PMID: 37287913 PMCID: PMC10242180 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1206311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Pasquale Cianci
- Department of Surgery and Traumatology, Azienda Sanitaria Locale della Provincia di Barletta Andri Trani (ASL BT), Andria, Italy
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Nicola Tartaglia
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Antonio Ambrosi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Enrico Restini
- Department of Surgery and Traumatology, Azienda Sanitaria Locale della Provincia di Barletta Andri Trani (ASL BT), Andria, Italy
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11
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Głowacka-Mrotek I, Jankowski M, Skonieczny B, Tarkowska M, Ratuszek-Sadowska D, Lewandowska A, Nowikiewicz T, Ogurkowski K, Zegarski W, Mackiewicz-Milewska M. The Prevalence of Back Pain in Patients Operated on Due to Colorectal Cancer Depending on the Type of Surgical Procedure Performed. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15082298. [PMID: 37190225 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15082298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Low back pain presents a serious challenge for numerous medical specialties. The purpose of this study was to assess disability due to low back pain in patients operated on due to colorectal cancer depending on the type of surgery performed. METHODS This prospective observational study was carried out in the period of July 2019 through March 2020. Included in the study were patients with colorectal cancer for scheduled surgeries including anterior resection of rectum (AR), laparoscopic anterior resection of rectum (LAR), Hartmann's procedure (HART), or abdominoperineal resection of rectum (APR). The Oswestry Low Back Pain Disability Questionnaire was used as the research tool. The study patients were surveyed at three time points: before surgery, six months after surgery, and one year after surgery. RESULTS The analysis of study results revealed that an increase in the degree of disability and functioning impairment occurred in all groups between time points I and II, with the differences being statistically significant (p < 0.05). The inter-group comparative analysis of the total Oswestry questionnaire scores revealed statistically significant differences, with the impairment of function being most severe within the APR group and least severe within the LAR group. CONCLUSION The study results showed that low back pain contributes to impaired functioning of patients operated on due to colorectal cancer regardless of the type of procedure performed. A reduction in the degree of disability due to low back pain was observed one year after the procedure in patients having undergone LAR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iwona Głowacka-Mrotek
- Department of Rehabilitation, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Michał Jankowski
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Bartosz Skonieczny
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Magdalena Tarkowska
- Department of Urology, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Dorota Ratuszek-Sadowska
- Department of Rehabilitation, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Anna Lewandowska
- Department of Rehabilitation, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Tomasz Nowikiewicz
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Karol Ogurkowski
- Department of Rehabilitation, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Wojciech Zegarski
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Magdalena Mackiewicz-Milewska
- Department of Rehabilitation, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland
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12
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Khan I, Harshithkumar R, More A, Mukherjee A. Human Papilloma Virus: An Unraveled Enigma of Universal Burden of Malignancies. Pathogens 2023; 12:pathogens12040564. [PMID: 37111450 PMCID: PMC10146077 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12040564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
HPV, or Human Papilloma Virus, has been the primary causative agent of genital warts and cervical cancer worldwide. It is a sexually transmitted infection mainly affecting women of reproductive age group, also infecting men and high-risk group individuals globally, resulting in high mortality. In recent years, HPV has also been found to be the major culprit behind anogenital cancers in both gender and oropharyngeal and colorectal cancers. Few studies have reported the incidence of HPV in breast cancers as well. For a few decades, the burden of HPV-associated malignancies has been increasing at an alarming rate due to a lack of adequate awareness, famine vaccine coverage and hesitancy. The effectiveness of currently available vaccines has been limited to prophylactic efficacy and does not prevent malignancies associated with post-exposure persistent infection. This review focuses on the current burden of HPV-associated malignancies, their causes and strategies to combat the growing prevalence of the cancers. With the advent of new technologies associated with treatment pertaining to therapeutic interventions and employing effective vaccine coverage, the burden of this disease may be reduced in the population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ishrat Khan
- Division of Virology, ICMR-National AIDS Research Institute, Pune 411026, India
| | - R Harshithkumar
- Division of Virology, ICMR-National AIDS Research Institute, Pune 411026, India
| | - Ashwini More
- Division of Virology, ICMR-National AIDS Research Institute, Pune 411026, India
| | - Anupam Mukherjee
- Division of Virology, ICMR-National AIDS Research Institute, Pune 411026, India
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13
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Jackson K, Samaddar S, Markiewicz MA, Bansal A. Vaccination-Based Immunoprevention of Colorectal Tumors: A Primer for the Clinician. J Clin Gastroenterol 2023; 57:246-252. [PMID: 36730670 PMCID: PMC9911105 DOI: 10.1097/mcg.0000000000001808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) continues to be a significant public health problem worldwide. CRC screening programs have reduced the incidence rates of CRCs but still suffer from the problems of missed lesions and interval cancers. Chemopreventive strategies against CRC would benefit high-risk populations but trials testing synthetic and naturally occurring compounds have not yielded a front runner. Immune mechanisms promoting cancer have been modulated to develop immunotherapy for cancer treatment that has revolutionized cancer management, but could also be applied to cancer interception, that is, cancer immunoprevention. Cancer immunoprevention refers to approaches that can enhance the immune system, either directly or by removing natural breaks such as immune checkpoints, to survey and destroy tumor cells. In this primer, we aim to explain the concepts behind vaccine-based cancer immunoprevention. Multiple cancer vaccines have been tried in advanced cancer populations, but most have failed primarily because of an immunosuppressive environment that accompanies advanced cancers. Preventive vaccines in immunocompetent hosts may have a better clinical response compared with therapeutic vaccines in immunosuppressed hosts. The first randomized controlled trial testing the mucin1 vaccine against CRC in the prevention setting has been successfully completed. For the benefit of the clinician, we briefly discuss important concepts related to the workings of preventive vaccines. Prevention with vaccines is a highly attractive approach because of the potential for highly targeted therapy with minimal side effects that could theoretically provide lifelong protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katy Jackson
- Department of Medicine, The University of Kansas Health System
| | | | - Mary A. Markiewicz
- Department of Microbiology, Molecular Genetics and Immunology, The University of Kansas Medical Center
| | - Ajay Bansal
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology
- The University of Kansas Cancer Center, Kansas City, KS
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14
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Benek S, Zengin M. Clinical role of CD274 (PD-L1) and CD3+ lymphocytes in predicting high risk in advanced colorectal cancer patients receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy. POL J PATHOL 2023; 74:98-108. [PMID: 37728469 DOI: 10.5114/pjp.2023.129520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
In cancer research, the mechanism underlying the immune response to a tumour has been of great interest. In this study, we investigated the role of CD274 (programmed cell death-ligand 1 - PD-L1) and CD3+ tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in the prognosis of advanced colorectal cancer (CRC) patients treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy. We retrospectively examined primary tumour specimens from stage III/IV CRC patients operated on between 2008 and 2018. We found a significant association between these biomarkers and pT stage (PD-L1, p = 0.020; CD3+TILs, p = 0.025), tumour grade (PD-L1, p = 0.005; CD3+TILs, p = 0.004), positive surgical margin (PD-L1, p = 0.001; CD3+TILs, p = 0.001), MSI (PD-L1, p < 0.001; CD3+TILs, p < 0.001), etc. We also discovered that these biomarkers are independent risk factors for MSI (PD-L1, OR = 1.84 [1.27-4.02], p = 0.003; CD3+TILs, OR = 1.92 [1.31-4.35], p = 0.008). Univariate analysis results revealed that patients with high PD-L1, low CD3+TIL, and both showed poor relapse-free survival (RFS) and poor overall survival (OS) (PD-L1: RFS, p = 0.008 and OS, p = 0.001; CD3+TILs: RFS, p = 0.003 and OS, p = 0.005; PD-L1 and CD3+TILs: RFS, p < 0.001 and OS, p < 0.001). The results of the multivariate analysis showed that the combined use of high PD-L1 and low CD3+TILs was a better predictor of poor RFS and OS (PD-L1 and CD3+TILs: RFS, hazard ratio - HR, = 2.85 [95% CI: 1.36-3.84], p < 0.001); OS, HR = 2.74 [1.32-3.71], p < 0.001). We also found a high PD-L1 parameter as another independent overall and relapse-free survival parameter. Our findings suggest that a combination of high PD-L1 and low CD3+TIL can reliably predict poor survival in CRC patients receiving chemotherapy. Therefore, these biomarkers may be promising for the planning and execution of appropriate targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suat Benek
- Department of General Surgery, Tekirdağ University, Tekirdağ, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Zengin
- Department of Pathology, Ankara Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
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15
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Favre L, Cohen J, Calderaro J, Pécriaux A, Nguyen CT, Bourgoin R, Larnaudie L, Dupuy A, Ollier M, Lechapt E, Sloma I, Tournigand C, Rousseau B, Pujals A. High prevalence of unusual KRAS, NRAS and BRAF mutations in POLE hypermutated colorectal cancers. Mol Oncol 2022; 16:3055-3065. [PMID: 35624529 PMCID: PMC9441000 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.13257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Exonucleasic domain POLE (edPOLE) mutations, which are responsible for a hypermutated tumor phenotype, occur in 1–2% of colorectal cancer (CRC) cases. These alterations represent an emerging biomarker for response to immune checkpoint blockade. This study aimed to assess the molecular characteristics of edPOLE‐mutated tumors to facilitate patient screening. Based on opensource data analysis, we compared the prevalence of edPOLE mutations in a control group of unselected CRC patients (n = 222) vs a group enriched for unusual BRAF/RAS mutations (n = 198). Tumor mutational burden (TMB) and immune infiltrate of tumors harboring edPOLE mutations were then analyzed. In total, 420 CRC patients were analyzed: 11 edPOLE‐mutated tumors were identified, most frequently in microsatellite (MMR)‐proficient young (< 70 years) male patients, with left‐sided tumors harboring noncodon 12 KRAS mutation. The prevalence of edPOLE‐mutated tumors in the control vs the experimental screening group was, respectively, 0.45% (n = 1) vs 5.0% (n = 10). Among the 11 edPOLE‐mutated cases, two had a low TMB, three were hypermutated, and six were ultramutated. EdPOLE‐mutated cases had a high CD8+ tumor‐infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL) infiltration. These clinicopathological and molecular criteria may help to identify edPOLE mutations associated with a high TMB in CRC, and improve the selection of patients who could benefit from immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loetitia Favre
- AP-HP, UHC Henri Mondor, Département de Pathologie, 1 rue Gustave Eiffel, 94010, Créteil, France.,Univ Paris Est Creteil, INSERM, IMRB, 8 rue du général Sarrail, 94010, Creteil, France
| | - Justine Cohen
- AP-HP, UHC Henri Mondor, Département de Pathologie, 1 rue Gustave Eiffel, 94010, Créteil, France
| | - Julien Calderaro
- AP-HP, UHC Henri Mondor, Département de Pathologie, 1 rue Gustave Eiffel, 94010, Créteil, France.,Univ Paris Est Creteil, INSERM, IMRB, 8 rue du général Sarrail, 94010, Creteil, France
| | - Adrien Pécriaux
- AP-HP, UHC Henri Mondor, Département de Pathologie, 1 rue Gustave Eiffel, 94010, Créteil, France
| | - Cong-Trung Nguyen
- Univ Paris Est Creteil, INSERM, IMRB, 8 rue du général Sarrail, 94010, Creteil, France
| | - Rémi Bourgoin
- AP-HP, UHC Henri Mondor, Département de Pathologie, 1 rue Gustave Eiffel, 94010, Créteil, France
| | - Laura Larnaudie
- AP-HP, UHC Henri Mondor, Département de Pathologie, 1 rue Gustave Eiffel, 94010, Créteil, France
| | - Aurélie Dupuy
- Univ Paris Est Creteil, INSERM, IMRB, 8 rue du général Sarrail, 94010, Creteil, France
| | - Marie Ollier
- AP-HP, UHC Henri Mondor, Département de Pathologie, 1 rue Gustave Eiffel, 94010, Créteil, France
| | - Emmanuèle Lechapt
- AP-HP, UHC Henri Mondor, Département de Pathologie, 1 rue Gustave Eiffel, 94010, Créteil, France.,Univ Paris Est Creteil, INSERM, IMRB, 8 rue du général Sarrail, 94010, Creteil, France
| | - Ivan Sloma
- Univ Paris Est Creteil, INSERM, IMRB, 8 rue du général Sarrail, 94010, Creteil, France.,AP-HP, UHC Henri Mondor, Département d'hématologie biologique, 1 rue Gustave Eiffel, 94010, Créteil, France
| | - Christophe Tournigand
- Univ Paris Est Creteil, INSERM, IMRB, 8 rue du général Sarrail, 94010, Creteil, France.,AP-HP, UHC Hopital Henri Mondor, Service d'oncologie médicale, 1 rue Gustave Eiffel, 94010, Creteil, France
| | - Benoit Rousseau
- AP-HP, UHC Hopital Henri Mondor, Service d'oncologie médicale, 1 rue Gustave Eiffel, 94010, Creteil, France.,Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Mortimer B. Zuckerman Research Center, 417 E 68th St, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Anaïs Pujals
- AP-HP, UHC Henri Mondor, Département de Pathologie, 1 rue Gustave Eiffel, 94010, Créteil, France.,Univ Paris Est Creteil, INSERM, IMRB, 8 rue du général Sarrail, 94010, Creteil, France
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16
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Kus T, Isbilen E, Aktas G, Arak H. The predictive value of vitamin D follow-up and supplementation on recurrence in patients with colorectal cancer. Future Oncol 2022; 18:2247-2256. [PMID: 35469444 DOI: 10.2217/fon-2021-1410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: Vitamin D has a role in carcinogenesis and may have effect on recurrence. Thus, we aim to analyze the prognostic effect of vitamin D levels at beginning and follow-up together with the contribution of vitamin D supplementation on patients with colorectal cancer (CRC). Materials & methods: CRC patients who underwent curative surgery were included. Patients' vitamin D values were assessed under four groups according to baseline and follow-up vitamin D values, and whether vitamin D supplementation was used. Survival distributions were compared for vitamin D groups. Results: Patients with a high follow-up vitamin D level and a high vitamin D level after supplementation presented with better disease-free survival and overall survival than patients with low vitamin D and low vitamin D levels after supplementation. Conclusion: Follow-up vitamin D values seems to be a good predictive biomarker and vitamin D supplementation may have a positive effect on survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tulay Kus
- Gaziantep University, School of Medicine, Department of Medical Oncology, TR-27310, Gaziantep, Turkey
| | - Elif Isbilen
- Gaziantep University, School of Medicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry, TR-27310, Gaziantep, Turkey
| | - Gokmen Aktas
- Gaziantep Medical Park Hospital, Department of Medical Oncology, TR-27310, Gaziantep, Turkey
| | - Haci Arak
- Gaziantep University, School of Medicine, Department of Medical Oncology, TR-27310, Gaziantep, Turkey
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17
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Erdogan F, Radu TB, Orlova A, Qadree AK, de Araujo ED, Israelian J, Valent P, Mustjoki SM, Herling M, Moriggl R, Gunning PT. JAK-STAT core cancer pathway: An integrative cancer interactome analysis. J Cell Mol Med 2022; 26:2049-2062. [PMID: 35229974 PMCID: PMC8980946 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.17228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Through a comprehensive review and in silico analysis of reported data on STAT-linked diseases, we analysed the communication pathways and interactome of the seven STATs in major cancer categories and proposed rational targeting approaches for therapeutic intervention to disrupt critical pathways and addictions to hyperactive JAK/STAT in neoplastic states. Although all STATs follow a similar molecular activation pathway, STAT1, STAT2, STAT4 and STAT6 exert specific biological profiles associated with a more restricted pattern of activation by cytokines. STAT3 and STAT5A as well as STAT5B have pleiotropic roles in the body and can act as critical oncogenes that promote many processes involved in cancer development. STAT1, STAT3 and STAT5 also possess tumour suppressive action in certain mutational and cancer type context. Here, we demonstrated member-specific STAT activity in major cancer types. Through systems biology approaches, we found surprising roles for EGFR family members, sex steroid hormone receptor ESR1 interplay with oncogenic STAT function and proposed new drug targeting approaches of oncogenic STAT pathway addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fettah Erdogan
- Department of Chemical and Physical SciencesUniversity of Toronto MississaugaMississaugaOntarioCanada
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada
| | - Tudor Bogdan Radu
- Department of Chemical and Physical SciencesUniversity of Toronto MississaugaMississaugaOntarioCanada
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada
| | - Anna Orlova
- Institute of Animal Breeding and GeneticsUniversity of Veterinary MedicineViennaAustria
| | - Abdul Khawazak Qadree
- Department of Chemical and Physical SciencesUniversity of Toronto MississaugaMississaugaOntarioCanada
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada
| | - Elvin Dominic de Araujo
- Department of Chemical and Physical SciencesUniversity of Toronto MississaugaMississaugaOntarioCanada
| | - Johan Israelian
- Department of Chemical and Physical SciencesUniversity of Toronto MississaugaMississaugaOntarioCanada
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada
| | - Peter Valent
- Division of Hematology and HemostaseologyDepartment of Internal Medicine IMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Hematology and OncologyMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Satu M. Mustjoki
- Translational Immunology Research Program and Department of Clinical Chemistry and HematologyUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
- Hematology Research UnitHelsinki University Hospital Comprehensive Cancer CenterHelsinkiFinland
- iCAN Digital Precision Cancer Medicine FlagshipHelsinkiFinland
| | - Marco Herling
- Department of Hematology, Cellular Therapy, and HemostaseologyUniversity of LeipzigLeipzigGermany
| | - Richard Moriggl
- Institute of Animal Breeding and GeneticsUniversity of Veterinary MedicineViennaAustria
| | - Patrick Thomas Gunning
- Department of Chemical and Physical SciencesUniversity of Toronto MississaugaMississaugaOntarioCanada
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada
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18
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Reddy T, Esmail A, Chang JC, Ghobrial RM, Abdelrahim M. Utility of Cell-Free DNA Detection in Transplant Oncology. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14030743. [PMID: 35159010 PMCID: PMC8833373 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14030743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Transplant oncology is an emerging field in cancer treatment that applies transplant medicine, surgery, and oncology to improve cancer patient survival and quality of life. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the history and emergence of cfDNA technology, its applications to specifically monitor tumor burden at pre-and post-liver transplant stages, and evaluate transplant rejection. The use of ctDNA to evaluate transplant rejection has been extensively studied in non-hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) diseases. Emerging studies have also investigated the use of ctDNA detection in evaluating HCC tumor burden pre-and post-surgery as well as transplant rejection. However, extensive studies still need to be conducted to evaluate the role of ctDNA detection in the medical management of transplant oncology patients. Abstract Transplant oncology is an emerging field in cancer treatment that applies transplant medicine, surgery, and oncology to improve cancer patient survival and quality of life. A critical concept that must be addressed to ensure the successful application of transplant oncology to patient care is efficient monitoring of tumor burden pre-and post-transplant and transplant rejection. Cell-free DNA (cfDNA) detection has emerged as a vital tool in revolutionizing the management of cancer patients who undergo organ transplantation. The advances in cfDNA technology have provided options to perform a pre-transplant evaluation of minimal residual disease (MRD) and post-transplant evaluation of cancer recurrence and transplant rejection. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the history and emergence of cfDNA technology, its applications to specifically monitor tumor burden at pre-and post-transplant stages, and evaluate transplant rejection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tejaswini Reddy
- Section of GI Oncology, Department of Medical Oncology, Houston Methodist Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (T.R.); (A.E.)
- Texas A&M Health Science Center, College of Medicine, Bryan, TX 77807, USA
- Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
| | - Abdullah Esmail
- Section of GI Oncology, Department of Medical Oncology, Houston Methodist Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (T.R.); (A.E.)
- Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
| | - Jenny C. Chang
- Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
- Section of Breast, Department of Medical Oncology, Houston Methodist Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Rafik Mark Ghobrial
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA;
- Sherrie and Alan Conover Center for Liver Disease and Transplantation, JC Walter Jr Center for Transplantation, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Maen Abdelrahim
- Section of GI Oncology, Department of Medical Oncology, Houston Methodist Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (T.R.); (A.E.)
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA;
- Cockrell Center of Advanced Therapeutics Phase I program, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Correspondence:
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19
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Gold A, Choueiry F, Jin N, Mo X, Zhu J. The Application of Metabolomics in Recent Colorectal Cancer Studies: A State-of-the-Art Review. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:725. [PMID: 35158992 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14030725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Colorectal Cancer (CRC) is one of the leading causes of cancer-related death in the United States. Current diagnosis techniques are either highly invasive or lack sensitivity, suggesting the need for alternative techniques for biomarker detection. Metabolomics represents one such technique with great promise in identifying CRC biomarkers with high sensitivity and specificity, but thus far is rarely employed in a clinical setting. In order to provide a framework for future clinical usage, we characterized dysregulated metabolites across recent literature, identifying metabolites dysregulated across a variety of biospecimens. We additionally put special focus on the interplay of the gut microbiome and perturbed metabolites in CRC. We were able to identify many metabolites showing consistent dysregulation in CRC, demonstrating the value of metabolomics as a promising diagnostic technique. Abstract Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a highly prevalent disease with poor prognostic outcomes if not diagnosed in early stages. Current diagnosis techniques are either highly invasive or lack sufficient sensitivity. Thus, identifying diagnostic biomarkers of CRC with high sensitivity and specificity is desirable. Metabolomics represents an analytical profiling technique with great promise in identifying such biomarkers and typically represents a close tie with the phenotype of a specific disease. We thus conducted a systematic review of studies reported from January 2012 to July 2021 relating to the detection of CRC biomarkers through metabolomics to provide a collection of knowledge for future diagnostic development. We identified thirty-seven metabolomics studies characterizing CRC, many of which provided metabolites/metabolic profile-based diagnostic models with high sensitivity and specificity. These studies demonstrated that a great number of metabolites can be differentially regulated in CRC patients compared to healthy controls, adenomatous polyps, or across stages of CRC. Among these metabolite biomarkers, especially dysregulated were certain amino acids, fatty acids, and lysophosphatidylcholines. Additionally, we discussed the contribution of the gut bacterial population to pathogenesis of CRC through their modulation to fecal metabolite pools and summarized the established links in the literature between certain microbial genera and altered metabolite levels in CRC patients. Taken together, we conclude that metabolomics presents itself as a promising and effective method of CRC biomarker detection.
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Abdelrahim M, Esmail A, Abudayyeh A, Murakami N, Saharia A, McMillan R, Victor D, Kodali S, Shetty A, Nolte Fong JV, Moore LW, Heyne K, Gaber AO, Ghobrial RM. Transplant Oncology: An Evolving Field in Cancer Care. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:4911. [PMID: 34638395 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13194911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Transplant oncology is an emerging concept of cancer treatment with a promising prospective outcome. The application of oncology, transplant medicine, and surgery to improve patients' survival and quality of life is the core of transplant oncology. Hepatobiliary malignancies have been treated by liver transplantation (LT) with significant improved outcome. In addition, as the liver is the most common site of metastasis for colorectal cancer (CRC), patients with CRC who have stable unresectable liver metastases are good candidates for LT, and initial studies have shown improved survival compared to palliative systemic therapy. The indications of LT for hepatobiliary malignancies have been slowly expanded over the years in a stepwise manner; however, they have only been shown to improve patient survival in the setting of limited systemic therapy options. This review illustrates the concept and history of transplant oncology as an evolving field for the management of hepatocellular carcinoma, intrahepatic biliary cancer, and liver-only metastasis of non-hepatobiliary carcinoma. The utility of immunotherapy in the transplant setting is discussed as well as the feasibility of using circulating tumor DNA for surveillance post-transplantation.
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21
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Gök MA, Kafadar MT, Yeğen SF. Perforated colorectal cancers: clinical outcomes of 18 patients who underwent emergency surgery. Prz Gastroenterol 2021; 6:161-5. [PMID: 34276844 DOI: 10.5114/pg.2021.106667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Although colon cancer perforations are rare among acute abdominal syndromes, it is a clinical picture with high mortality that requires urgent treatment. Aim In this study, the clinical results of patients who were operated in emergency conditions due to colorectal cancer perforation were evaluated. Material and methods The data of 18 patients treated for colorectal cancer perforation in our clinic between February 2014 and February 2017 were retrospectively reviewed. The following data were evaluated: demographic features of the patients, location of the tumour, metastasis, stage of the tumour, number of lymph nodes dissected, survival, type, and prognosis of the surgery. Results Eight (44%) of 18 patients with perforated colon cancers were female and 10 (56%) were male. The mean age was 65.2 (31-104) years. Four of the patients had liver metastasis only, and 5 had multiple metastases. All cases had sudden abdominal pain and acute abdominal clinical findings. Fourteen of the patients underwent full resection, and 4 of them underwent partial resection and trephine stoma (colostomy). Perioperative mortality was not observed. The long-term mortality rate in our study was 77.7% (n = 14), and the operative mortality rate was 44% (n = 8). Additional organ injuries occurred during resection in 2 patients. Conclusions Colorectal cancer perforation seen in advanced ages is one of the causes of acute abdominal syndrome, which can be fatal. The general condition of the patient and the size and localization of the perforation should be taken into consideration in the choice of treatment. Curative surgery can also be performed in perforated colorectal cancers. However, partial resection and trephine colostomy should be performed in patients with multiple metastases and poor general condition.
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22
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Luo H, Cui L, Shen K, Li R, Wang Z, Xie Z. HER2 Overexpression and Mismatch Repair Deficiency are Correlated with Malignancy in Colorectal Cancer. Cancer Manag Res 2021; 13:3443-3454. [PMID: 33907467 PMCID: PMC8068489 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s297596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This study was designed to investigate the correlation between the expression of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), mismatch repair (MMR), and clinicopathological parameters and serum tumor markers in a total of 522 resection samples materials from colorectal cancer (CRC) patients. These data were also used to determine the links between HER2 and MMR expression and prognosis. METHODS We conducted a retrospective analysis of the clinical data from 522 CRC patients. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was used to detect HER2 overexpression and MMR deficiency (dMMR) in tumor specimens which were then correlated with various clinicopathological parameters. Prognostic value for HER2 and MMR expression was then evaluated using the data from 105 CRC patients. RESULTS HER2 overexpression was identified in 35.63% of the samples evaluated in this study, while the total dMMR rate was 12.64%. Expression of HER2 and several, MMR proteins (MLH1, MSH-2, MSH-6, and PMS-2) were then correlated with tumor location. HER2 overexpression is significantly associated with increased depth of tumor invasion, lymph node metastasis, distant metastases, pTNM staging, vascular invasion, nerve infiltration, and serum carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) levels. HER2 overexpression and dMMR increased with advancing clinical stage. In addition, deficiencies in MLH1 and PMS2 correlated with HER2 overexpression. Finally, the prognostic evaluations revealed that HER2 overexpression was closely associated with poorer clinical outcomes. CONCLUSION HER2 overexpression is significantly correlated with multiple clinicopathological parameters resulting in a poorer prognosis. Moreover, the prognosis of patients with HER2 overexpression was worse, confirming its significance during disease assessment. In clinical practice, clinicians should pay close attention to the HER2 profile of patients as they may require more extensive clinical intervention. In addition, deficiencies in MLH1, MSH-2, MSH-6, or PMS-2 correlate with tumor location, and MLH1 and PMS2 expression is associated with lymph node metastasis and pTNM stage, suggesting that these may be additional markers in CRC risk assessments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai Luo
- Gastrointestinal Colorectal and Anal Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lingzhi Cui
- General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Baotou Medical College, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou, Inner Mongolia, People’s Republic of China
| | - Kexin Shen
- Gastrointestinal Colorectal and Anal Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ruiqi Li
- Gastrointestinal Colorectal and Anal Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zeming Wang
- Gastrointestinal Colorectal and Anal Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhongshi Xie
- Gastrointestinal Colorectal and Anal Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, People’s Republic of China
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23
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Chung C. Predictive and prognostic biomarkers with therapeutic targets in colorectal cancer: A 2021 update on current development, evidence, and recommendation. J Oncol Pharm Pract 2021; 28:850-869. [PMID: 33832365 DOI: 10.1177/10781552211005525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Although therapeutically actionable molecular alterations are widely distributed across many cancer types, only a handful of them show evidence of clinical utility and are recommended for routine clinical practice in the management of cancers of colon and rectum (CRC). This 2021 update aims to provide a succinct summary on the use of prognostic and/or predictive biomarkers (expanded RAS, BRAF, microsatellite-high [MSI-H] or deficient mismatch repair [dMMR], neurotrophic tyrosine receptor kinase [NTRK] fusion genes, and human epidermal growth factor receptor type II [HER2] gene amplification) associated with CRC. Therapeutic implications of each relevant predictive or prognostic biomarker for patients with CRC are described, along with discussion on new developments on (1) biomarker-driven therapies such as testing of BRAF, MLH1 promoter methylation and MMR germline genes in differentiating sporadic CRC or hereditary conditions such as Lynch syndrome; (2) first-line use of immune checkpoint inhibitors in metastatic CRC; (3) risk stratification and therapy selection based on primary tumor location (left-sided vs. right-sided colon cancer); (3) atypical BRAF mutations; (4) use of EGFR directed therapy in the perioperative oligometastatic disease setting; (5) re-challenge of EGFR directed therapy and (6) personalizing therapy of fluoropyrimidine and irinotecan based on new evidence in pharmacogenomic testing. Data are collected and analyzed from available systematic reviews and meta-analyses of treatments with known therapeutic targets in CRC, which may be associated with predictive and/or prognostic biomarkers. Discussions are presented in an application-based format, with goal to empower pharmacists or other clinicians to gain awareness and understanding in biomarker-driven cancer therapy issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clement Chung
- 23530Houston Methodist West Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
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24
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Kang G, Pyo JS, Kim NY, Kang DW. Clinicopathological Significances of Tumor-Stroma Ratio (TSR) in Colorectal Cancers: Prognostic Implication of TSR Compared to Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-1α Expression and Microvessel Density. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 28:1314-24. [PMID: 33810015 DOI: 10.3390/curroncol28020125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The present study aimed to elucidate the clinicopathological significance and prognostic implications of tumor–stroma ratio (TSR) in colorectal cancers (CRCs). TSRs were investigated in 266 human CRC specimens. The correlations between TSR and clinicopathological characteristics and survival were evaluated. The hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) immunohistochemical expression of tumor cells and microvessel density (MVD) of stroma were compared between stroma-low and stroma-high subgroups. Results: Stroma-low was found in 185 of 266 CRCs (69.5%). Stroma-low was significantly correlated with less frequent vascular and perineural invasion and distant metastasis than stroma-high. HIF-1α of tumor cells was more highly expressed in the stroma-high subgroup than in the stroma-low subgroup. In addition, MVD was significantly higher in the stroma-high subgroup compared to the stroma-low subgroup. The stroma-low rate was increased considerably in CRCs with a mucinous component and decreased in CRCs with a micropapillary component. There were significant correlations between stroma-low and better overall and recurrence-free survivals. Similar to the literature, we observed that stroma-low was significantly correlated with favorable tumor behaviors and better survival. The microscopic examination of TSR can be useful for predicting the prognosis of CRC patients.
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25
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Choi YW, Kim YH, Oh SY, Suh KW, Kim Y, Lee G, Yoon JE, Park SS, Lee Y, Park YJ, Kim HS, Park SH, Kim J, Park TJ. Senescent Tumor Cells Build a Cytokine Shield in Colorectal Cancer. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2021; 8:2002497. [PMID: 33643790 PMCID: PMC7887594 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202002497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Cellular senescence can either support or inhibit cancer progression. Here, it is shown that intratumoral infiltration of CD8+ T cells is negatively associated with the proportion of senescent tumor cells in colorectal cancer (CRC). Gene expression analysis reveals increased expression of C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 12 (CXCL12) and colony stimulating factor 1 (CSF1) in senescent tumor cells. Senescent tumor cells inhibit CD8+ T cell infiltration by secreting a high concentration of CXCL12, which induces a loss of CXCR4 in T cells that result in impaired directional migration. CSF1 from senescent tumor cells enhance monocyte differentiation into M2 macrophages, which inhibit CD8+ T cell activation. Neutralization of CXCL12/CSF1 increases the effect of anti-PD1 antibody in allograft tumors. Furthermore, inhibition of CXCL12 from senescent tumor cells enhances T cell infiltration and results in reducing the number and size of tumors in azoxymethane (AOM)/dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced CRC. These findings suggest senescent tumor cells generate a cytokine barrier protecting nonsenescent tumor cells from immune attack and provide a new target for overcoming the immunotherapy resistance of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Won Choi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyAjou University School of MedicineSuwon16499Korea
- Department of Hematology–OncologyAjou University School of MedicineSuwon16499Korea
- Inflamm‐Aging Translational Research CenterAjou University Medical CenterSuwon16499Korea
| | - Young Hwa Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyAjou University School of MedicineSuwon16499Korea
- Department of Biomedical SciencesAjou University Graduate School of MedicineSuwon16499Korea
| | - Seung Yeop Oh
- Department of SurgeryAjou University School of MedicineSuwon16499Korea
| | - Kwang Wook Suh
- Department of SurgeryAjou University School of MedicineSuwon16499Korea
| | - Young‐Sam Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyAjou University School of MedicineSuwon16499Korea
- Department of Biomedical SciencesAjou University Graduate School of MedicineSuwon16499Korea
| | - Ga‐Yeon Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyAjou University School of MedicineSuwon16499Korea
- Department of Biomedical SciencesAjou University Graduate School of MedicineSuwon16499Korea
| | - Jung Eun Yoon
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyAjou University School of MedicineSuwon16499Korea
- Department of Biomedical SciencesAjou University Graduate School of MedicineSuwon16499Korea
| | - Soon Sang Park
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyAjou University School of MedicineSuwon16499Korea
- Department of Biomedical SciencesAjou University Graduate School of MedicineSuwon16499Korea
| | - Young‐Kyoung Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyAjou University School of MedicineSuwon16499Korea
- Inflamm‐Aging Translational Research CenterAjou University Medical CenterSuwon16499Korea
- Department of Biomedical SciencesAjou University Graduate School of MedicineSuwon16499Korea
| | - Yoo Jung Park
- Department of Hematology–OncologyAjou University School of MedicineSuwon16499Korea
| | - Hong Seok Kim
- Department of Molecular MedicineInha University School of MedicineIncheon22212Korea
| | - So Hyun Park
- Department of PathologyAjou University School of MedicineSuwon16499Korea
| | - Jang‐Hee Kim
- Inflamm‐Aging Translational Research CenterAjou University Medical CenterSuwon16499Korea
- Department of PathologyAjou University School of MedicineSuwon16499Korea
| | - Tae Jun Park
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyAjou University School of MedicineSuwon16499Korea
- Inflamm‐Aging Translational Research CenterAjou University Medical CenterSuwon16499Korea
- Department of Biomedical SciencesAjou University Graduate School of MedicineSuwon16499Korea
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26
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Zhang S, Kong C, Yang Y, Cai S, Li X, Cai G, Ma Y. Human oral microbiome dysbiosis as a novel non-invasive biomarker in detection of colorectal cancer. Am J Cancer Res 2020; 10:11595-11606. [PMID: 33052235 PMCID: PMC7545992 DOI: 10.7150/thno.49515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The oral microbiome may play an important role in colorectal carcinogenesis. However, few studies have investigated the association between oral microbiome and the development of colorectal cancer (CRC). We aimed to investigate whether oral health-colorectal tumor association has an underlying microbial basis, in the quest for novel non-invasive biomarkers for CRC. Methods: We collected oral swab samples from 161 patients with CRC, 34 patients with colorectal adenoma (CRA), and 58 healthy volunteers. The oral microbiota was assessed using 16S rRNA sequencing. We characterized oral microbiome, identified microbial markers, constructed and validated colorectal tumor (CRA and CRC) classifier. Results: Oral microbial composition and diversity were significantly different among the three groups, and the CRA group had the highest diversity. Analysis of the functional potential of oral microbiota demonstrated that the pathway involving cell motility was overrepresented in the CRA and CRC groups relative to that in the healthy controls. Moreover, a random forest model was constructed based on oral microbial markers, which could distinguish the colorectal tumor groups from the healthy controls and achieve a powerful classification potential in the discovery and validation cohorts. Conclusion: This study suggests a potential association between oral microbiome dysbiosis and colorectal cancer. Oral microbiota-based biomarkers may be helpful in predicting the risks for the development of CRA and CRC.
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27
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Akcay IM, Celik E, Agaoglu NB, Alkurt G, Kizilboga Akgun T, Yildiz J, Enc F, Kir G, Canbek S, Kilic A, Zemheri E, Ezberci F, Ozcelik M, Dinler Doganay G, Doganay L. Germline pathogenic variant spectrum in 25 cancer susceptibility genes in Turkish breast and colorectal cancer patients and elderly controls. Int J Cancer 2020; 148:285-295. [PMID: 32658311 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.33199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Revised: 06/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Inherited pathogenic variants account for 5% to 10% of all breast cancer (BC) and colorectal cancer (CRC) cases. Here, we sought to profile the pathogenic variants in 25 cancer susceptibility genes in Turkish population. Germline pathogenic variants were screened in 732 BC patients, 189 CRC patients and 490 cancer-free elderly controls, using next-generation sequencing-based multigene panel testing and multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification testing. Pathogenic variants were detected in 17.2% of high-risk BC patients and 26.4% of high-risk CRC patients. More than 95% of these variants were clinically actionable. BRCA1/2 and mismatch repair genes (MLH1, MSH2 and MSH6) accounted for two-thirds of all pathogenic variants detected in high-risk BC and CRC patients, respectively. Pathogenic variants in PALB2, CHEK2, ATM and TP53 were also prevalent in high-risk BC patients (4.5%). BRCA1 exons 17-18 deletion and CHEK2 c.592+3A>T were the most common variants predisposing to BC, and they are likely to be founder variants. Three frequent MUTYH pathogenic variants (c.884C>T, c.1437_1439delGGA and c.1187G>A) were responsible for all MUTYH biallelic cases (4.4% of high-risk CRC patients). The total pathogenic variant frequency was very low in controls (2.4%) and in low-risk BC (3.9%) and CRC (6.1%) patients. Our study depicts the pathogenic variant spectrum and prevalence in Turkish BC and CRC patients, guiding clinicians and health authorities for genetic testing applications and variant classification in Turkish population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izzet Mehmet Akcay
- Department of Molecular Biology-Genetics & Biotechnology, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey.,GLAB (Genomic Laboratory), Health Directorate of Istanbul, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Elifnaz Celik
- Department of Molecular Biology-Genetics & Biotechnology, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey.,GLAB (Genomic Laboratory), Health Directorate of Istanbul, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Nihat Bugra Agaoglu
- GLAB (Genomic Laboratory), Health Directorate of Istanbul, Istanbul, Turkey.,Department of Clinical Genetics, Umraniye Teaching and Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Gizem Alkurt
- Department of Molecular Biology-Genetics & Biotechnology, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey.,GLAB (Genomic Laboratory), Health Directorate of Istanbul, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Tugba Kizilboga Akgun
- Department of Molecular Biology-Genetics & Biotechnology, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey.,GLAB (Genomic Laboratory), Health Directorate of Istanbul, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Jale Yildiz
- Department of Molecular Biology-Genetics & Biotechnology, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey.,GLAB (Genomic Laboratory), Health Directorate of Istanbul, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Feruze Enc
- Department of Gastroenterology, Goztepe Teaching and Research Hospital, Medeniyet University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Gozde Kir
- Department of Pathology, Goztepe Teaching and Research Hospital, Medeniyet University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sezin Canbek
- GLAB (Genomic Laboratory), Health Directorate of Istanbul, Istanbul, Turkey.,Department of Clinical Genetics, Umraniye Teaching and Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ali Kilic
- Department of General Surgery, Umraniye Teaching and Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ebru Zemheri
- Department of Pathology, Umraniye Teaching and Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Fikret Ezberci
- Department of General Surgery, Umraniye Teaching and Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Melike Ozcelik
- Department of Oncology, Kartal Lutfi Kirdar Teaching and Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Istanbul, Turkey.,Department of Oncology, Umraniye Teaching and Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Gizem Dinler Doganay
- Department of Molecular Biology-Genetics & Biotechnology, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey.,GLAB (Genomic Laboratory), Health Directorate of Istanbul, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Levent Doganay
- GLAB (Genomic Laboratory), Health Directorate of Istanbul, Istanbul, Turkey.,Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Umraniye Teaching and Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Istanbul, Turkey
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Siraj AK, Bu R, Iqbal K, Parvathareddy SK, Masoodi T, Siraj N, Al-Rasheed M, Kong Y, Ahmed SO, Al-Obaisi KAS, Victoria IG, Arshad M, Al-Dayel F, Abduljabbar A, Ashari LH, Al-Kuraya KS. POLE and POLD1 germline exonuclease domain pathogenic variants, a rare event in colorectal cancer from the Middle East. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2020; 8:e1368. [PMID: 32567205 PMCID: PMC7434734 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.1368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a major contributor to morbidity and mortality related to cancer. Only ~5% of all CRCs occur as a result of pathogenic variants in well‐defined CRC predisposing genes. The frequency and effect of exonuclease domain pathogenic variants of POLE and POLD1 genes in Middle Eastern CRCs is still unknown. Methods Targeted capture sequencing and Sanger sequencing technologies were employed to investigate the germline exonuclease domain pathogenic variants of POLE and POLD1 in Middle Eastern CRCs. Immunohistochemical analysis of POLE and POLD1 was performed to look for associations between protein expression and clinico‐pathological characteristics. Results Five damaging or possibly damaging variants (0.44%) were detected in 1,135 CRC cases, four in POLE gene (0.35%, 4/1,135) and one (0.1%, 1/1,135) in POLD1 gene. Furthermore, low POLE protein expression was identified in 38.9% (417/1071) cases and a significant association with lymph node involvement (p = .0184) and grade 3 tumors (p = .0139) was observed. Whereas, low POLD1 expression was observed in 51.9% (555/1069) of cases and was significantly associated with adenocarcinoma histology (p = .0164), larger tumor size (T3 and T4 tumors; p = .0012), and stage III tumors (p = .0341). Conclusion POLE and POLD1 exonuclease domain pathogenic variants frequency in CRC cases was very low and these exonuclease domain pathogenic variants might be rare causative events of CRC in the Middle East. POLE and POLD1 can be included in multi‐gene panels to screen CRC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul K Siraj
- Human Cancer Genomic Research, Research Center, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, iyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rong Bu
- Human Cancer Genomic Research, Research Center, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, iyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kaleem Iqbal
- Human Cancer Genomic Research, Research Center, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, iyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sandeep K Parvathareddy
- Human Cancer Genomic Research, Research Center, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, iyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tariq Masoodi
- Human Cancer Genomic Research, Research Center, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, iyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nabil Siraj
- Human Cancer Genomic Research, Research Center, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, iyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maha Al-Rasheed
- Human Cancer Genomic Research, Research Center, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, iyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yan Kong
- Human Cancer Genomic Research, Research Center, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, iyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saeeda O Ahmed
- Human Cancer Genomic Research, Research Center, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, iyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khadija A S Al-Obaisi
- Human Cancer Genomic Research, Research Center, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, iyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ingrid G Victoria
- Human Cancer Genomic Research, Research Center, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, iyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maham Arshad
- Human Cancer Genomic Research, Research Center, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, iyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fouad Al-Dayel
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alaa Abduljabbar
- Colorectal Section, Department of Surgery, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Luai H Ashari
- Colorectal Section, Department of Surgery, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khawla S Al-Kuraya
- Human Cancer Genomic Research, Research Center, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, iyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Luo H, Shen K, Sun H, Li R, Wang Z, Xie Z. Correlation study between serum neuro-specific enolase and gastric and colorectal cancers. Medicine (Baltimore) 2020; 99:e19796. [PMID: 32311993 PMCID: PMC7440092 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000019796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the diagnostic value of preoperative serum neuro-specific enolase (NSE) in gastric cancer (GC) and colorectal cancer (CRC), and the diagnostic viability of combined serum NSE, carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), cancer antigen (CA)19-9, and CA242.Patients with GC and CRC, and a healthy control group (n = 666 and 266, respectively) were compared with regard to NSE, CEA, CA19-9, and CA242 serum levels. NSE was analyzed for associations with clinicopathological parameters. To estimate the diagnostic potential of NSE, a receiver operating characteristic curve was constructed and the area under the curve (AUCs) was calculated for different patient subgroups.The median serum NSE level of the tumor group (20.925 ng/mL) was significantly higher than that of the control (15.190 ng/mL). Serum NSE was associated with pathological tumor-node-metastasis staging, lymph node metastasis, distant metastasis, vascular invasion, and nerve infiltration. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) for NSE in GC and CRC (0.769) was higher than for the other 3 markers (0.571-0.680). The AUC of the combined markers was higher than for any of the markers individually (0.778-0.810).The AUC for NSE alone suggests it may be an independent tumor marker, and useful for diagnosis of GC and CRC. However, the AUC for combined NSE, CEA, CA19-9, and CA242 was higher and thus potentially more diagnostic value.
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30
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Lee SH, Yoo J, Song YS, Lim CH, Kim TM. Mutation Analysis of Colorectal and Gastric Carcinomas Originating from Adenomas: Insights into Genomic Evolution Associated with Malignant Progression. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12020325. [PMID: 32023847 PMCID: PMC7072232 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12020325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Revised: 01/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Small malignant tumor foci arising from benign lesions are rare but offer a unique opportunity to investigate the genomic evolution that occurs during malignant transformation. In this study, we analyzed 11 colorectal and 10 gastric adenoma–carcinoma pairs, each of which represented malignant tumors (carcinomas) embedded in benign lesions (adenomas) found in the same patient. Whole-exome sequencing revealed that mutation abundance was variable across different cases, but comparable between adenoma–carcinoma pairs. When mutations were classified as adenoma-specific, carcinoma-specific, or common, adenoma-specific mutations were more enriched with subclonal mutations than were carcinoma-specific mutations, indicative of a perturbation in mutational subclonal architecture (such as selective sweep) during malignant transformation. Among the recurrent mutations in colorectal cancers, APC and KRAS mutations were common between adenomas and carcinomas, indicative of their early occurrence during genomic evolution. TP53 mutations were often observed as adenoma-specific and therefore likely not associated with the emergence of malignant clones. Clonality-based enrichment analysis revealed that subclonal mutations of extracellular matrix genes in adenomas are more likely to be clonal in carcinomas, indicating potential roles for these genes in malignant transformation. Compared with colorectal cancers, gastric cancers showed more lesion-specific mutations than common mutations and higher levels of discordance in copy number profiles between matched adenomas and carcinomas, which may explain the elevated evolutionary dynamics and heterogeneity of gastric cancers compared to colorectal cancers. Taken together, this study demonstrates that co-existing benign and malignant lesions enable the evolution-based categorization of genomic alterations that may reveal clinically important biomarkers in colorectal and gastric cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Hak Lee
- Department of Hospital Pathology, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222 Banpodae-ro, Seocho-gu, Seoul 06591, Korea;
| | - Jinseon Yoo
- Department of Medical Informatics, The Catholic University of Korea, 222 Banpodae-ro, Seocho-gu, Seoul 06591, Korea;
- Cancer Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222 Banpodae-ro, Seocho-gu, Seoul 06591, Korea
| | - Young Soo Song
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Konyang University, 158 Gwanjeodong-ro, Seo-gu, Daejeon 35365, Korea;
| | - Chul-Hyun Lim
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Eunpyeong St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 1021, Tongil-ro, Eunpyeong-gu, Seoul 03312, Korea
- Correspondence: (C.-H.L.); (T.-M.K.); Tel.: +82-2-2030-4316 (C.-H.L.); +82-2-2258-7483 (T.-M.K.)
| | - Tae-Min Kim
- Department of Medical Informatics, The Catholic University of Korea, 222 Banpodae-ro, Seocho-gu, Seoul 06591, Korea;
- Cancer Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222 Banpodae-ro, Seocho-gu, Seoul 06591, Korea
- Correspondence: (C.-H.L.); (T.-M.K.); Tel.: +82-2-2030-4316 (C.-H.L.); +82-2-2258-7483 (T.-M.K.)
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31
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Quang LN, Hien NQ, Quang NT, Chung NT. Active Lifestyle Patterns Reduce the Risk of Colorectal Cancer in the North of Vietnam: A Hospital-Based Case-Control Study. Cancer Control 2020; 26:1073274819864666. [PMID: 31345054 PMCID: PMC6661796 DOI: 10.1177/1073274819864666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A hospital-based, case-control study was conducted to investigate the association between lifestyle patterns and risk of colorectal cancer (CRC) in the north of Vietnam. Demographic factors employed for the models were age, sex, marital status, occupation, education, income, smoking status, alcohol consumption, vegetable consumption, tea, coffee consumption, and physical activity (PA). Individuals of both groups (n = 154 for the control group and n = 136 for the CRC group) were interviewed using a questionnaire by trained interviewers. The findings showed that moderate PA was inversely associated with CRC risk: odds ratio (OR) = 0.19, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.10 to 0.36 with P < .01. The total PA showed that the highest tertile (>2.7 MET-h/d) was associated with the reduced risk of CRC compared with the lowest tertile one after controlling for confounding factors: adjusted OR = 0.25, 95% CI = 0.09 to 0.74, P < .01. Sedentary time was associated with an increased level of CRC risk by 57% as compared between the highest tertile and the lowest one after controlling for confounding factors. Daily consumption of vegetables and 1 to 3 cups of tea per day or more were also associated with decreased risk of CRC. Despite promising findings, a limitation of this research is that it did not establish a temporal relationship between risk factors and CRC due to its retrospective design. However, this is the first analytic study highlighting the role of the active lifestyle pattern associated with reduced CRC risk in Vietnamese adults.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Nguyen Thanh Chung
- 4 Department of Non-communicable Diseases Control and Prevention, National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Hanoi, Vietnam
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32
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Gang W, Yu-Zhu W, Yang Y, Feng S, Xing-Li F, Heng Z. The critical role of calcineurin/NFAT (C/N) pathways and effective antitumor prospect for colorectal cancers. J Cell Biochem 2019; 120:19254-19273. [PMID: 31489709 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.29243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Transcription factors (TFs) like a nuclear factor of activated T-cells (NFAT) and its controller calcineurin are highly expressed in primary intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) due to delamination, damage by tumor-associated flora and selective activation in the intestinal tract tumor are crucial in the progression and growth of colorectal cancer (CRC). This study sought to summarize the current findings concerning the dysregulated calcineurin/NFAT (C/N) signaling involved in CRC initiation and progression. These signalings include proliferation, T-cell functions, and glycolysis with high lactate production that remodels the acidosis, which genes in tumor cells provide an evolutionary advantage, or even increased their attack phenotype. Moreover, the relationship between C/N and gut microbiome in CRC, especially role of NFAT and toll-like receptor signaling in regulating intestinal microbiota are also discussed. Furthermore, this review will discuss the proteins and genes relating to C/N induced acidosis in CRC, which includes ASIC2 regulated C/N1 and TFs associated with the glycolytic by-product that affect T-cell functions and CRC cell growth. It is revealed that calcineurin or NFAT targeting to antitumor, selective calcineurin inhibition or targets in NFAT signaling may be useful for clinical treatment of CRC. This can further aid in the identification of specific targets via cancer patient-personalized approach. Future studies should be focused on targeting to C/N or TLR signaling by the combination of therapeutic agents to regulate T-cell functions and gut microbiome for activating potent anticancer property with the prospect of potentiating the antitumor therapy for CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang Gang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Shanghai Eight People's Hospital, Jiangsu University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wang Yu-Zhu
- Department of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yu Yang
- Department of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shi Feng
- Department of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Fu Xing-Li
- Department of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhang Heng
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing Lishui District People's Hospital, Zhongda Hospital Lishui Branch, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
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Wang G, Yu Y, Wang YZ, Wang JJ, Guan R, Sun Y, Shi F, Gao J, Fu XL. Role of SCFAs in gut microbiome and glycolysis for colorectal cancer therapy. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:17023-17049. [PMID: 30888065 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2018] [Revised: 02/02/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Increased risk of colorectal cancer (CRC) is associated with altered intestinal microbiota as well as short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) reduction of output The energy source of colon cells relies mainly on three SCFAs, namely butyrate (BT), propionate, and acetate, while CRC transformed cells rely mainly on aerobic glycolysis to provide energy. This review summarizes recent research results for dysregulated glucose metabolism of SCFAs, which could be initiated by gut microbiome of CRC. Moreover, the relationship between SCFA transporters and glycolysis, which may correlate with the initiation and progression of CRC, are also discussed. Additionally, this review explores the linkage of BT to transport of SCFAs expressions between normal and cancerous colonocyte cell growth for tumorigenesis inhibition in CRC. Furthermore, the link between gut microbiota and SCFAs in the metabolism of CRC, in addition, the proteins and genes related to SCFAs-mediated signaling pathways, coupled with their correlation with the initiation and progression of CRC are also discussed. Therefore, targeting the SCFA transporters to regulate lactate generation and export of BT, as well as applying SCFAs or gut microbiota and natural compounds for chemoprevention may be clinically useful for CRCs treatment. Future research should focus on the combination these therapeutic agents with metabolic inhibitors to effectively target the tumor SCFAs and regulate the bacterial ecology for activation of potent anticancer effect, which may provide more effective application prospect for CRC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Shanghai Eighth People's Hospital, Jiangsu University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang Yu
- Department of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yu-Zhu Wang
- Department of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jun-Jie Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Shanghai Eighth People's Hospital, Jiangsu University, Shanghai, China
| | - Rui Guan
- Information Resources Department, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, China
| | - Yan Sun
- Information Resources Department, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, China
| | - Feng Shi
- Department of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jing Gao
- Department of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xing-Li Fu
- Department of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
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Tsai HL, Miao ZF, Chen YT, Huang CW, Yeh YS, Yang IP, Wang JY. miR-148a inhibits early relapsed colorectal cancers and the secretion of VEGF by indirectly targeting HIF-1α under non-hypoxia/hypoxia conditions. J Cell Mol Med 2019; 23:3572-3582. [PMID: 30834693 PMCID: PMC6484316 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.14257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Revised: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is correlated with angiogenesis and early relapse of colorectal cancer (CRC). This study investigated the role of miR‐148a in the regulation of VEGF/angiogenesis and early relapse of CRC. We established a stable clone with miR‐148a expression in HCT116 and HT29 cell lines and created a hypoxic condition by using CoCl2 to determine the underlying mechanism of miR‐148a. The effects of miR‐148a on the phosphoryl‐ERK (pERK)/hypoxia‐inducible factor‐1α (HIF‐1α)/VEGF pathway were evaluated through Western blotting and the inhibitory effect of miR‐148a on angiogenesis was demonstrated through a tube formation assay. Sixty‐three CRC tissues (28 early relapse and 35 non‐early relapse) were analysed to assess the relationship between miR‐148a and HIF‐1α/VEGF. The protein expression of pERK/HIF‐1α/VEGF in HCT116 and HT29 cells was significantly decreased by miR‐148a (all P < 0.05). The protein expression of VEGF/HIF‐1α was strongly inversely associated with the expression of miR‐148a in the 63 CRC tissue samples (all P < 0.05). Tube formation assay demonstrated that miR‐148a significantly obliterated angiogenesis. miR‐148a suppresses VEGF through down‐regulation of the pERK/HIF‐1α/VEGF pathway and might lead to the inhibition of angiogenesis; miR‐148a down‐regulation increased the early relapse rate of CRC. This demonstrates that miR‐148a is a potential diagnostic and therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsiang-Lin Tsai
- Division of Colorectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Zhi-Feng Miao
- Division of Colorectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ting Chen
- Department of Pathology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Wen Huang
- Division of Colorectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Sung Yeh
- Division of Colorectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Division of Trauma and Surgical Critical Care, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - I-Ping Yang
- Department of Nursing, Shu-Zen College of Medicine and Management, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Jaw-Yuan Wang
- Division of Colorectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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Yu LCH. Microbiota dysbiosis and barrier dysfunction in inflammatory bowel disease and colorectal cancers: exploring a common ground hypothesis. J Biomed Sci 2018; 25:79. [PMID: 30413188 PMCID: PMC6234774 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-018-0483-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 220] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a multifactorial disease which arises as a result of the interaction of genetic, environmental, barrier and microbial factors leading to chronic inflammation in the intestine. Patients with IBD had a higher risk of developing colorectal carcinoma (CRC), of which the subset was classified as colitis-associated cancers. Genetic polymorphism of innate immune receptors had long been considered a major risk factor for IBD, and the mutations were also recently observed in CRC. Altered microbial composition (termed microbiota dybiosis) and dysfunctional gut barrier manifested by epithelial hyperpermeability and high amount of mucosa-associated bacteria were observed in IBD and CRC patients. The findings suggested that aberrant immune responses to penetrating commensal microbes may play key roles in fueling disease progression. Accumulative evidence demonstrated that mucosa-associated bacteria harbored colitogenic and protumoral properties in experimental models, supporting an active role of bacteria as pathobionts (commensal-derived opportunistic pathogens). Nevertheless, the host factors involved in bacterial dysbiosis and conversion mechanisms from lumen-dwelling commensals to mucosal pathobionts remain unclear. Based on the observation of gut leakiness in patients and the evidence of epithelial hyperpermeability prior to the onset of mucosal histopathology in colitic animals, it was postulated that the epithelial barrier dysfunction associated with mucosal enrichment of specific bacterial strains may predispose the shift to disease-associated microbiota. The speculation of leaky gut as an initiating factor for microbiota dysbiosis that eventually led to pathological consequences was proposed as the "common ground hypothesis", which will be highlighted in this review. Overall, the understanding of the core interplay between gut microbiota and epithelial barriers at early subclinical phases will shed light to novel therapeutic strategies to manage chronic inflammatory disorders and colitis-associated cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Chia-Hui Yu
- Graduate Institute of Physiology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Suite 1020, #1 Jen-Ai Rd. Sec. 1, Taipei, 100, Taiwan, Republic of China.
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Wu S, Qiu Y, Shao Y, Yin S, Wang R, Pang X, Ma J, Zhang C, Wu B, Koo S, Han L, Zhang Y, Gao X, Wang T, Yu H. Lycorine Displays Potent Antitumor Efficacy in Colon Carcinoma by Targeting STAT3. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:881. [PMID: 30135654 PMCID: PMC6092588 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) is an attractive therapeutic target for cancer treatment. In this study, we identify lycorine is an effective inhibitor of STAT3, leading to repression of multiple oncogenic processes in colon carcinoma. Lycorine selectively inactivates phospho-STAT3 (Tyr-705), and subsequent molecular docking uncovers that lycorine directly binds to the SH2 domain of STAT3. Consequently, we find that lycorine exhibits anti-proliferative activity and induces cell apoptosis on human colorectal cancer (CRC) in vitro. Lycorine induces the activation of the caspase-dependent mitochondrial apoptotic pathway, as indicated by activation of caspase and increase of the ratio of Bax/Bcl-2 and mitochondrial depolarization. Overexpressing STAT3 greatly blocks these effects by lycorine in CRC cells. Finally, lycorine exhibits a potential therapeutic effect in xenograft colorectal tumors by targeting STAT3 without observed toxicity. Taken together, the present study indicates that lycorine acts as a promising inhibitor of STAT3, which blocks tumorigenesis in colon carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Wu
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuling Qiu
- School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yingying Shao
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Shuangshuang Yin
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Xu Pang
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Junhong Ma
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Nankai Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Chunze Zhang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin, China
| | - Bo Wu
- School of Fundamental Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Sangho Koo
- Department of Chemistry, Myongji University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Lifeng Han
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiumei Gao
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Haiyang Yu
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
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Wang G, Wang JJ, Yin PH, Xu K, Wang YZ, Shi F, Gao J, Fu XL. New strategies for targeting glucose metabolism-mediated acidosis for colorectal cancer therapy. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:348-368. [PMID: 30069931 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a heterogeneous group of diseases that are the result of abnormal glucose metabolism alterations with high lactate production by pyruvate to lactate conversion, which remodels acidosis and offers an evolutional advantage for tumor cells, even enhancing their aggressive phenotype. This review summarizes recent findings that involve multiple genes, molecules, and downstream signaling in the dysregulated glycolytic pathway, which can allow a tumor to initiate acid byproducts and to progress, thereby resulting in acidosis commonly found in the tumor microenvironment of CRC. Moreover, the relationship between CRC cells and the tumor acidic microenvironment, especially for regulating lactate production and lactate dehydrogenase A levels, is also discussed, as well as comprehensively defining different aspects of glycolytic pathways that affect cancer cell proliferation, invasion, and migration. Furthermore, this review concentrates on glucose metabolism-mediated transduction factors in CRC, which include acid-sensing ion channels, triosephosphate isomerase and key glycolysis-related enzymes that regulate glycolytic metabolites, coupled with the effect on tumor cell glycolysis as well as signaling pathways. In conclusion, glucose metabolism mediated by glycolytic pathways that are integral to tumor acidosis in CRC is demonstrated. Therefore, selective metabolic inhibitors or agents against these targets in glucose metabolism through glycolytic pathways may be clinically useful to regulate the tumor's acidic microenvironment for CRC treatment and to identify specific targets that regulate tumor acidosis through a cancer patient-personalized approach. Furthermore, strategies for modifying the metabolic processes that effectively inhibit cancer cell growth and tumor progression and activate potent anticancer effects may provide more effective antitumor prospects for CRC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Shanghai Eighth People's Hospital, Jiangsu University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun-Jie Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Shanghai Eighth People's Hospital, Jiangsu University, Shanghai, China
| | - Pei-Hao Yin
- Department of Cancer, Institute of Chinese Integrative Medicine, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ke Xu
- Department of Cancer, Institute of Chinese Integrative Medicine, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu-Zhu Wang
- Department of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Feng Shi
- Department of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Jing Gao
- Department of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Xing-Li Fu
- Department of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
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Weber D, Amar L, Gödde D, Prinz C. Extensive screening of microRNA populations identifies hsa-miR-375 and hsa-miR-133a-3p as selective markers for human rectal and colon cancer. Oncotarget 2018; 9:27256-67. [PMID: 29930763 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.25535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Accepted: 04/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are ∼22-nt molecules exerting control of protein expression in cancer tissues. The current study determined the full spectrum of miRNA dysregulation in freshly isolated human colon or rectal cancer biopsies as well as in controls of healthy adjacent tissue (total of n = 100) using an Illumina sequencing technology. In this work, we aimed to identify miRNAs that may serve as future marker to discern between these two subtypes. DESeq2 analysis revealed 53 significantly dysregulated miRNAs in colon cancer, 67 miRNAs in rectal cancer, and 97 miRNAs in both at a Padj value < 0.05 and ≥ 10 read counts. 65% of miRNAs were upregulated in colon as well as rectal cancer. Highest significant dysregulation (Padj < 0.00001) was detected for hsa-miR-21-5p, -215-5p and -378a in both colon and rectal cancer. Among the group of miRNAs with Padj < 0.05 and more than 2-fold expression differences, hsa-miR-375 was detected in rectal cancer only, and hsa-miR-133a-3p only in colon cancer. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis confirmed highly distinct sensitivities for hsa-miR-375 to detect rectal cancer (area under the curve (AUC): 0.9), while hsa-miR-133a-3p (AUC: 0.89) had the highest sensitivity for detecting colon cancer. We conclude that hsa-miR-375 and hsa-miR-133a-3p may serve as new markers of rectal or colon cancer and should be further investigated to search for different etiologies of colorectal cancer.
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Nana AW, Chin YT, Lin CY, Ho Y, Bennett JA, Shih YJ, Chen YR, Changou CA, Pedersen JZ, Incerpi S, Liu LF, Whang-Peng J, Fu E, Li WS, Mousa SA, Lin HY, Davis PJ. Tetrac downregulates β-catenin and HMGA2 to promote the effect of resveratrol in colon cancer. Endocr Relat Cancer 2018; 25:279-293. [PMID: 29255096 DOI: 10.1530/erc-17-0450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The molecular pathogenesis of colorectal cancer encompasses the activation of several oncogenic signaling pathways that include the Wnt/β-catenin pathway and the overexpression of high mobility group protein A2 (HMGA2). Resveratrol - the polyphenolic phytoalexin - binds to integrin αvβ3 to induce apoptosis in cancer cells via cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) nuclear accumulation and p53-dependent apoptosis. Tetraiodothyroacetic acid (tetrac) is a de-aminated derivative of l-thyroxine (T4), which - in contrast to the parental hormone - impairs cancer cell proliferation. In the current study, we found that tetrac promoted resveratrol-induced anti-proliferation in colon cancer cell lines, in primary cultures of colon cancer cells, and in vivo The mechanisms implicated in this action involved the downregulation of nuclear β-catenin and HMGA2, which are capable of compromising resveratrol-induced COX-2 nuclear translocation. Silencing of either β-catenin or HMGA2 promoted resveratrol-induced anti-proliferation and COX-2 nuclear accumulation which is essential for integrin αvβ3-mediated-resveratrol-induced apoptosis in cancer cells. Concurrently, tetrac enhanced nuclear abundance of chibby family member 1, the nuclear β-catenin antagonist, which may further compromise the nuclear β-catenin-dependent gene expression and proliferation. Taken together, these results suggest that tetrac targets β-catenin and HMGA2 to promote resveratrol-induced-anti-proliferation in colon cancers, highlighting its potential in anti-cancer combination therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Wendindondé Nana
- PhD Program for Cancer Molecular Biology and Drug DiscoveryCollege of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University and Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Tang Chin
- PhD Program for Cancer Molecular Biology and Drug DiscoveryCollege of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Taipei Cancer CenterTaipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Yu Lin
- Center for Teeth Bank and Dental Stem Cell Technology and School of DentistryCollege of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yih Ho
- School of PharmacyCollege of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - James A Bennett
- Center for Immunology and Microbial DiseasesAlbany Medical College, Albany, New York, USA
| | - Ya-Jung Shih
- Taipei Cancer CenterTaipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ru Chen
- Taipei Cancer CenterTaipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chun A Changou
- PhD Program for Cancer Molecular Biology and Drug DiscoveryCollege of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University and Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Integrated LaboratoryCenter of Translational Medicine, Core Facility, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | | | - Leroy F Liu
- Taipei Cancer CenterTaipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | - Earl Fu
- Department of DentistryTaipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Shan Li
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Medicinal ChemistryInstitute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Doctoral Degree Program in Marine BiotechnologyNational Sun Yat-Sen University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shaker A Mousa
- Pharmaceutical Research InstituteAlbany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Albany, New York, USA
| | - Hung-Yun Lin
- PhD Program for Cancer Molecular Biology and Drug DiscoveryCollege of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Taipei Cancer CenterTaipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Pharmaceutical Research InstituteAlbany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Albany, New York, USA
- Traditional Herbal Medicine Research Center of Taipei Medical University HospitalTaipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Paul J Davis
- Pharmaceutical Research InstituteAlbany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Albany, New York, USA
- Department of MedicineAlbany Medical College, Albany, New York, USA
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Oh BY, Cho J, Hong HK, Bae JS, Park WY, Joung JG, Cho YB. Exome and transcriptome sequencing identifies loss of PDLIM2 in metastatic colorectal cancers. Cancer Manag Res 2017; 9:581-589. [PMID: 29184442 PMCID: PMC5685135 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s149002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Understanding the genomic determinants associated with metastasis in colorectal cancers (CRCs) provides crucial clues for improving patient care. Patients and methods In this study, we performed whole-exome sequencing as well as RNA sequencing analyses on five pairs of primary and liver metastasized samples from CRC patients together with blood/normal control samples for each pair. Results We identified genomic deletions in the region of 8p21-23 (q value <0.01) from analysis of recurrent regions with copy number variations in both primary and matched metastatic lesions. Consistent with this result, we found significantly decreased expression levels of all 12 genes (ADAMDEC1, C8orf80, CLDN23, EPHX2, GFRA2, NEFL, NEFM, PDLIM2, PTK2B, SCARA5, SLC18A1 and STMN4) located within this region (adjusted P<0.01). Notably, the mRNA levels of PDLIM2, a key regulator of well-known cancer-associated genes including the proto-oncogene c-MYC, an early response gene IER3, and regulators of apoptosis such as BCL2, FAS, and FASLG, were highly downregulated in tumors compared to normal tissues. Conclusion Taken together, our findings uncovered various genomic alterations potentially leading to metastasis in CRC and provide important insights into the development of potential therapeutic targets for preventing metastatic progression of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Young Oh
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul
| | - Jeonghee Cho
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science, Dankook University, Cheonan
| | - Hye Kyung Hong
- Department of Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine
| | | | - Woong-Yang Park
- Samsung Genome Institute, Samsung Medical Center.,Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Science and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University.,Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Je-Gun Joung
- Samsung Genome Institute, Samsung Medical Center
| | - Yong Beom Cho
- Department of Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine.,Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Science and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University
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Abstract
Objectives: The aim of this study was to describe trends of colorectal cancer incidence during the period 1994-2009 and to generate projections until 2024. Methods: The North-Tunisia Cancer Registry (NTCR) was the source of data for patients with CRC. This registry lists, since 1994, cases of malignant tumors in people living in North Tunisia, including the District of Tunis, the north east and the north west. Cases were classified using the International Classification of Diseases for Oncology. Data were analyzed using R software and Joinpoint one was employed to analyse trends. Projections were performed using the Age Period Cohort based on poisson regression. Results: During the period 1994 to 2009, 6,909 new cases of CRC were registered in Northern Tunisia. The age standardized incidence rate (ASR) increased significantly from 6.4/100,000 in 1994 to 12.4/100,000 in 2009. Trends in CRC incidence was significantly rising with an annual percentage change (APC) of + 3,9% [2.8% -5.1%]. Without effective interventions, the predicted CRC ASR would be 39.3/100,000 [CI 95%: 32,9/100,000 - 48,8/100,000] in 2024. Conclusion: The incidence of colorectal cancer is clearly increasing in Tunisia. Strengthening of screening and primary prevention measures is to be recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Houyem Khiari
- Department of Epidemiology, Salah Azaiez Institute of Tunis, Tunisia.
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Talebreza A, Yahaghi E, Bolvardi E, Masoumi B, Bahramian M, Darian EK, Ahmadi K. Investigation of clinicopathological parameters in emergency colorectal cancer surgery: a study of 67 patients. Arch Med Sci 2017; 13:1394-1398. [PMID: 29181070 PMCID: PMC5701685 DOI: 10.5114/aoms.2016.61385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2016] [Accepted: 06/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The aim of the present study was to establish, having adjusted for case mix, the size of the differences in postoperative mortality and 5-year survival between patients presenting as an emergency with evidence of obstruction and perforation and the association of clinicopathological factors with mortality (bivariate analyses). MATERIAL AND METHODS The study included 67 patients who presented with colorectal cancer (CRC) between 2009 and 2013 in Iran. The mean age of the patients was 59.7 years. Of the 67 patients, 37 (55.22%) were male and 30 (44.77%) were female. Certain parameters that correlated with CRC and surgical treatment were investigated. RESULTS Our results showed that 46 (68.65%) patients had obstruction, while perforation was observed in 21 (31.34%) cases. Among the patients with obstruction, obstruction of the right colon was observed in 29 (43.28%) cases. There was no significant difference in mortality rate between right and left colonic obstruction. Based on the bivariate analyses, our findings showed that death of patients was significantly related to tumor grade (p = 0.02) and TNM staging (p = 0.026), but no association was found between other parameters and death, including age, sex, and tumor site. CONCLUSIONS Compared with patients who undergo elective surgery for colon cancer, those who present as an emergency with evidence of obstruction or perforation have higher postoperative mortality rates and poorer cancer-specific survival. Also, colorectal cancer patients with emergency surgery showed aggressive histopathology and an advanced stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Talebreza
- Department of Surgery, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Emad Yahaghi
- Department of Molecular Biology, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ehsan Bolvardi
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Imam Reza Hospital, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Babak Masoumi
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mehran Bahramian
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Madani Hospital, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | | | - Koorosh Ahmadi
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
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Al-Antary N, Farghaly H, Aboulkassim T, Yasmeen A, Akil N, Al Moustafa AE. Epstein-Barr virus and its association with Fascin expression in colorectal cancers in the Syrian population: A tissue microarray study. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2017; 13:1573-1578. [PMID: 28350509 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2017.1302046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common malignancy in both men and women worldwide. Colorectal carcinogenesis is a complex, multistep process involving environmental and lifestyle features as well as sequential genetic changes in addition to bacterial and viral infections. Viral infection has a proven role in the incidence of approximately 20% of human cancers including gastric malignancies. Accordingly, Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) has been recently shown to be present in human gastric cancers, which could play an important role in the initiation and progression of these cancers. Therefore, this work explores the prevalence of EBV in 102 CRC tissues from the Syrian population using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and tissue microarray (TMA) analysis. We found that EBV is present in 37 (36.27%) of CRC samples. Additionally, the expression of LMP1 onco-protein of EBV was found to be correlated with Fascin expression/overexpression in the majority of CRC tissue samples, which are intermediate/high grade invasive carcinomas. Our data indicate that EBV is present in CRC and its presence is associated with more aggressive cancer phenotype. Consequently, future investigations are needed to expose the role of EBV in CRC initiation and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noor Al-Antary
- a College of Medicine & Biomedical Research Centre , Qatar University , Doha , Qatar
| | | | - Tahar Aboulkassim
- c Segal Cancer Centre, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research of the Sir Mortimer B. Davis-Jewish General Hospital , McGill University , Montreal , QC , Canada
| | - Amber Yasmeen
- c Segal Cancer Centre, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research of the Sir Mortimer B. Davis-Jewish General Hospital , McGill University , Montreal , QC , Canada
| | - Nizar Akil
- d Department of Pathology , Gaziantep University , Gaziantep , Turkey.,e Oncology Department , McGill University , Montreal , QC , Canada
| | - Ala-Eddin Al Moustafa
- a College of Medicine & Biomedical Research Centre , Qatar University , Doha , Qatar.,e Oncology Department , McGill University , Montreal , QC , Canada.,f Syrian Research Cancer Centre of the Syrian Society against Cancer , Aleppo , Syria
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Yang XF, Zhang JF, Li JJ, Zhao S, Shi S, Wu JC, Fang L, Jiang HM, Zheng HC. The pathological behaviors and prognostic factors of Chinese and Japanese colorectal cancers from general hospitals: a comparative study of the inpatients with surgical operation. Oncotarget 2016; 7:84155-84164. [PMID: 27677078 PMCID: PMC5356651 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.12228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2016] [Accepted: 08/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Here, we collected the information of 17304 and 2014 inpatients with colorectal cancer (CRC) from general hospitals of China and Japan respectively, and analyzed microscopic and macroscopic aspects, even stratified by the age and gender. It was found that Chinese CRC patients showed younger prone, more rectal and ascending cancers, less sigmoid and transverse cancers, larger size, less invasion into lymphatic system or metastasis into lymph node, and poorer differentiation than Japanese ones (p < 0.05). TNM staging was employed as an independent factor for the prognosis of the CRC patients regardless of the country (p < 0.05). Female patients showed larger tumor size, easier invasion and metastasis into lymphatic system, and worse differentiation than males (p < 0.05). The younger patients displayed frequent invasion and metastasis into lymphatic system, and poor differentiation in comparison to elder ones (p < 0.05). These findings demonstrated that Japanese patients seemed to have more invasion and metastasis due to standard and precise operation and pathological diagnosis accuracy. Actually, Chinese patients had more aggressive pathological characteristics and a poorer prognosis. Therefore, it is essential to establish a routine screening methodology, a standard treatment system and postoperative diagnosis protocol for the prevention and therapeutics of Chinese CRC patients, especially for female and young patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Feng Yang
- Cancer Center, Key Laboratory of Brain and Spinal Cord Injury of Liaoning Province, and Animal Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou 121001, China
| | - Ji-Feng Zhang
- Cancer Center, Key Laboratory of Brain and Spinal Cord Injury of Liaoning Province, and Animal Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou 121001, China
| | - Jun-Jun Li
- Cancer Center, Key Laboratory of Brain and Spinal Cord Injury of Liaoning Province, and Animal Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou 121001, China
| | - Shuang Zhao
- Cancer Center, Key Laboratory of Brain and Spinal Cord Injury of Liaoning Province, and Animal Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou 121001, China
| | - Shuai Shi
- Cancer Center, Key Laboratory of Brain and Spinal Cord Injury of Liaoning Province, and Animal Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou 121001, China
| | - Ji-Cheng Wu
- Cancer Center, Key Laboratory of Brain and Spinal Cord Injury of Liaoning Province, and Animal Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou 121001, China
| | - Lei Fang
- Cancer Center, Key Laboratory of Brain and Spinal Cord Injury of Liaoning Province, and Animal Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou 121001, China
| | - Hua-Mao Jiang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou 121001, China
| | - Hua-Chuan Zheng
- Cancer Center, Key Laboratory of Brain and Spinal Cord Injury of Liaoning Province, and Animal Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou 121001, China.,Life Science Institute of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou 121001, China
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Tee CL, Stephensen B, Sloss A, Grieve DA. Yield of adenomas and colorectal cancers within 5 years of a negative colonoscopy: are the guidelines guiding? ANZ J Surg 2016; 88:E1-E5. [PMID: 27301954 DOI: 10.1111/ans.13631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Revised: 03/30/2016] [Accepted: 04/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Screening for colorectal cancers outside the recommended guidelines presents a considerable burden to resource management in many public hospitals. The aim of this study is to evaluate the frequency, indications and outcomes for repeat colonoscopy performed within 5 years of a negative colonoscopy. METHODS A retrospective review of all colonoscopies at Nambour Hospital in 2008 was performed to identify those with a negative colonoscopy. The charts of patients undergoing repeat colonoscopy at the same institution within 5 years of a negative colonoscopy were examined further, and data obtained regarding indications and outcomes of subsequent colonoscopies. RESULTS A total of 616 colonoscopies were identified, 427 (69.3%) were negative for adenoma and carcinoma. Of these patients, 74 (17.3%) underwent a repeat colonoscopy at Nambour Hospital within 5 years. Eighteen out of 74 (24.3%) were outside guideline recommendation. Overall, one patient (1.4%) had cancer and 11 patients (14.9%) had polyps detected at repeat colonoscopy. Most of the polyps detected had low-risk features and were detected in the fourth and fifth years of the study period. CONCLUSION The yield of a second colonoscopy within 5 years of a good-quality negative colonoscopy is low but not zero. In the absence of new concerning symptoms or other risk factors, patients can be reassured and guidelines adhered to.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chin Li Tee
- Department of Surgery, Nambour Hospital, Nambour, Queensland, Australia
| | - Bree Stephensen
- Department of Surgery, Nambour Hospital, Nambour, Queensland, Australia
| | - Andrew Sloss
- Department of Surgery, Nambour Hospital, Nambour, Queensland, Australia
| | - David A Grieve
- Department of Surgery, Nambour Hospital, Nambour, Queensland, Australia
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Hong SN, Kim SJ, Kim ER, Chang DK, Kim YH. Epigenetic silencing of NDRG2 promotes colorectal cancer proliferation and invasion. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2016; 31:164-71. [PMID: 26250123 DOI: 10.1111/jgh.13068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2014] [Revised: 06/19/2015] [Accepted: 06/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genome-wide methylation arrays have revealed aberrant methylation of N-Myc downstream-regulated gene 2 (NDRG2) promoter in colorectal cancer (CRC). This study investigated the role of NDRG2 in colorectal carcinogenesis. METHODS The aberrant promoter methylation, mRNA, and protein expression of NDRG2 were evaluated in 27 pairs of human CRC and adjacent normal tissues and seven human CRC-derived cell-lines. After stable NDRG2 over-expressed RKO and DLD-1 human CRC cell-lines were constructed, in vitro functional assays, including colony formation, cell viability, proliferation, invasion and migration assays, and in vivo xenograft models were performed. RESULTS The promoter of NDRG2 was methylated in 89% human CRC tissue compared to adjacent normal colonic mucosa (7.4%; P < 0.001). High-level methylation of NDRG2 promoter was more prevalent in proximal CRC (P = 0.022) and advanced T stage (P = 0.039). NDRG2 mRNA and protein expression was down-regulated in 89% and 100% human CRC tissue, respectively. In human CRC cell-lines, the promoter of NDRG2 was methylated aberrantly and mRNA, and protein expression of NDRG2 was down-regulated. NDRG2 mRNA expression was reactivated by 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine. Colony formation of NDRG2 over-expressing RKO cells was inhibited (P = 0.012), as was the viability, proliferation, and invasion of NDRG2 over-expressing DLD-1 cells (P < 0.001, P = 0.003, and P = 0.044, respectively). Tumor volume in xenograft mice transplanted with NDRG2 over-expressing RKO and DLD-1 cells was smaller than that in controls (P = 0.002 and P = 0.001, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Epigenetic silencing of NDRG2 induces proliferation and invasion of CRC and may be associated with proximal CRC and advanced T stage. NDRG2 methylation might serve as novel biomarker of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Noh Hong
- Department of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Jin Kim
- Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Ran Kim
- Department of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Kyung Chang
- Department of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Ho Kim
- Department of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Bian B, Mongrain S, Cagnol S, Langlois MJ, Boulanger J, Bernatchez G, Carrier JC, Boudreau F, Rivard N. Cathepsin B promotes colorectal tumorigenesis, cell invasion, and metastasis. Mol Carcinog 2015; 55:671-87. [PMID: 25808857 PMCID: PMC4832390 DOI: 10.1002/mc.22312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2014] [Revised: 02/05/2015] [Accepted: 02/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cathepsin B is a cysteine proteinase that primarily functions as an endopeptidase within endolysosomal compartments in normal cells. However, during tumoral expansion, the regulation of cathepsin B can be altered at multiple levels, thereby resulting in its overexpression and export outside of the cell. This may suggest a possible role of cathepsin B in alterations leading to cancer progression. The aim of this study was to determine the contribution of intracellular and extracellular cathepsin B in growth, tumorigenesis, and invasion of colorectal cancer (CRC) cells. Results show that mRNA and activated levels of cathepsin B were both increased in human adenomas and in CRCs of all stages. Treatment of CRC cells with the highly selective and non‐permeant cathepsin B inhibitor Ca074 revealed that extracellular cathepsin B actively contributed to the invasiveness of human CRC cells while not essential for their growth in soft agar. Cathepsin B silencing by RNAi in human CRC cells inhibited their growth in soft agar, as well as their invasion capacity, tumoral expansion, and metastatic spread in immunodeficient mice. Higher levels of the cell cycle inhibitor p27Kip1 were observed in cathepsin B‐deficient tumors as well as an increase in cyclin B1. Finally, cathepsin B colocalized with p27Kip1 within the lysosomes and efficiently degraded the inhibitor. In conclusion, the present data demonstrate that cathepsin B is a significant factor in colorectal tumor development, invasion, and metastatic spreading and may, therefore, represent a potential pharmacological target for colorectal tumor therapy. © 2015 The Authors. Molecular Carcinogenesis, published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Bian
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Cancer Research Pavilion, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - Sébastien Mongrain
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Cancer Research Pavilion, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - Sébastien Cagnol
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Cancer Research Pavilion, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - Marie-Josée Langlois
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Cancer Research Pavilion, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - Jim Boulanger
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Cancer Research Pavilion, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - Gérald Bernatchez
- Gastroenterology Service, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - Julie C Carrier
- Gastroenterology Service, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - François Boudreau
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Cancer Research Pavilion, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - Nathalie Rivard
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Cancer Research Pavilion, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
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48
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Abstract
Predicting the response of colorectal cancer (CRC) tumors to novel chemotherapeutic agents is significantly complicated by their underlying genetic and epigenetic diversity. Large-scale clinical trials involving thousands of patients are often necessary in order to accurately determine efficacy during drug development. Recent advances in genetic sequencing has allowed us to improve the prediction of drug response through genetic stratification of patients into smaller populations, yet the complexity of the cancer genome still often confounds accuracy of drug response prediction. Ultimately, we may need to replicate patient's own tumor in a dish in order to test drug responses so that the optimal treatment can be identified. We recently developed highly efficient and tractable organoid culture system for intestinal stem cells, in which single stem cells form 3D structures recapitulating original tissue architecture. This technology has also been applied to colorectal tumors and enables us to monitor the growth and response of the patient's own tumors. In this review, we provide an overview focusing on CRC organoid culture and its perspective for clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Ohta
- Department of Gastroenterology, Keio University School of Medicine , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Toshiro Sato
- Department of Gastroenterology, Keio University School of Medicine , Tokyo , Japan
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Al-Saeed EF, Tunio MA, Al-Obaid O, Abdulla M, Al-Anazi A, Al-Shanifi J, Al-Ameer L, Al-Obaidan T, Al-Obaidan T. Correlation of pretreatment hemoglobin and platelet counts with clinicopathological features in colorectal cancer in Saudi population. Saudi J Gastroenterol 2014; 20:134-8. [PMID: 24705152 PMCID: PMC3987154 DOI: 10.4103/1319-3767.129479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS In Saudi Arabia, colorectal cancers (CRCs) are registered as the second most common cancers. However, no data has been reported about correlation of the severity of the anemia and pretreatment platelets level with clinicopathological features of CRCs. We aimed to evaluate the association between pretreatment hemoglobin and platelets level and the clinicopathological features of CRC patients in Saudi Arabia. MATERIALS AND METHODS Between September 2005 and November 2011, One hundred and fifty-four confirmed CRC patients underwent thorough physical examination, blood investigations, endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS), and computed tomography (CT) for staging before surgery. Findings of physical assessment, EUS, CT, and pathological specimens were correlated with pretreatment hemoglobin and platelets levels the Pearson-Kendall tau correlative coefficients. RESULTS The mean age of cohort was 56.6 years (range: 26-89). Left-sided CRC were predominant (97 patients; 63%). Mean size of primary tumor was 6 cms (1-18) SD ± 3.55. Mean values of hemoglobin, red blood cells, hematocrit, white blood cells, and platelets were 11.9 SD ± 2.3, 35.5 SD ± 5.7, 4.43 × 10 6 /mL SD ± 0.6, 7.67 10 6 /mL SD ± 2.44, and 343 × 10 3 /mL SD ± 164.4, respectively. Pretreatment hemoglobin was inversely correlated with primary tumor size (R: 0.71, R2: 1.55, P = 0.0001) and nodal status (R: 0.02, R2: 0.05, P = 0.01). Right-sided CRC had significantly low pretreatment hemoglobin levels ( P = 0.001). Interestingly, pretreatment thrombocytosis was seen only in right-sided CRC (P = 0.0001). CONCLUSION Pretreatment anemia and thrombocytosis were found mainly in right-sided CRCs and advanced primary and nodal stages. Pretreatment hemoglobin and thrombocytosis can be considered as useful prognostic markers in CRC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eyad F. Al-Saeed
- Consultant Radiation Oncology, King Khalid University Hospital, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mutahir A. Tunio
- Radiation Oncology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia,Address for correspondence: Dr. Mutahir Ali Tunio, Radiation Oncology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh - 59046, Saudi Arabia. E-mail:
| | - Omar Al-Obaid
- Consultant Colorectal Surgery, King Khalid University Hospital, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maha Abdulla
- Colorectal Center, King Khalid University Hospital, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alaa Al-Anazi
- Medical Students, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Leena Al-Ameer
- Medical Students, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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50
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Wang L, Gala M, Yamamoto M, Pino MS, Kikuchi H, Shue DS, Shirasawa S, Austin TR, Lynch MP, Rueda BR, Zukerberg LR, Chung DC. Adrenomedullin is a therapeutic target in colorectal cancer. Int J Cancer 2013; 134:2041-50. [PMID: 24519534 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.28542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2013] [Accepted: 09/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The KRAS oncogene influences angiogenesis, metastasis and chemoresistance in colorectal cancers (CRCs), and these processes are all enhanced in hypoxic conditions. To define functional activities of mutant KRAS in a hypoxic microenvironment, we first performed cDNA microarray experiments in isogenic DKs5 and DKO3 colon cancer cell lines that differ only by their expression of mutant KRAS (K-ras(D13)). Adrenomedullin (ADM) was identified as one of the most significantly upregulated genes in DKs5 cells that express the KRAS oncogene in hypoxia (3.2-fold, p = 1.47 × 10(-5)). Ectopic expression of mutant KRAS (K-ras(V12)) in Caco-2 cells (K-ras(WT)) induced ADM, whereas selective knockdown of mutant KRAS alleles (K-ras(D13) or K-ras(V12)) in HCT116, DLD1 and SW480 colon cancer cells suppressed the expression of ADM in hypoxia. Knockdown of ADM in colon tumor xenografts blocked angiogenesis and stimulated apoptosis, resulting in tumor suppression. Furthermore, ADM also regulated colon cancer cell invasion in vitro. Among 56 patients with CRC, significantly higher expression levels of ADM were observed in samples harboring a KRAS mutation. Collectively, ADM is a new target of oncogenic KRAS in the setting of hypoxia. This observation suggests that therapeutic targets may differ depending upon the specific tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangjing Wang
- Gastrointestinal Unit Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Gastroenterology Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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