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Wang C, Miller N, Vines D, Severns PM, Momany M, Brewer MT. Azole resistance mechanisms and population structure of the human pathogen Aspergillus fumigatus on retail plant products. Appl Environ Microbiol 2024; 90:e0205623. [PMID: 38651929 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02056-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Aspergillus fumigatus is a ubiquitous saprotroph and human-pathogenic fungus that is life-threatening to the immunocompromised. Triazole-resistant A. fumigatus was found in patients without prior treatment with azoles, leading researchers to conclude that resistance had developed in agricultural environments where azoles are used against plant pathogens. Previous studies have documented azole-resistant A. fumigatus across agricultural environments, but few have looked at retail plant products. Our objectives were to determine if azole-resistant A. fumigatus is prevalent in retail plant products produced in the United States (U.S.), as well as to identify the resistance mechanism(s) and population genetic structure of these isolates. Five hundred twenty-five isolates were collected from retail plant products and screened for azole resistance. Twenty-four isolates collected from compost, soil, flower bulbs, and raw peanuts were pan-azole resistant. These isolates had the TR34/L98H, TR46/Y121F/T289A, G448S, and H147Y cyp51A alleles, all known to underly pan-azole resistance, as well as WT alleles, suggesting that non-cyp51A mechanisms contribute to pan-azole resistance in these isolates. Minimum spanning networks showed two lineages containing isolates with TR alleles or the F46Y/M172V/E427K allele, and discriminant analysis of principle components identified three primary clusters. This is consistent with previous studies detecting three clades of A. fumigatus and identifying pan-azole-resistant isolates with TR alleles in a single clade. We found pan-azole resistance in U.S. retail plant products, particularly compost and flower bulbs, which indicates a risk of exposure to these products for susceptible populations and that highly resistant isolates are likely distributed worldwide on these products.IMPORTANCEAspergillus fumigatus has recently been designated as a critical fungal pathogen by the World Health Organization. It is most deadly to people with compromised immune systems, and with the emergence of antifungal resistance to multiple azole drugs, this disease carries a nearly 100% fatality rate without treatment or if isolates are resistant to the drugs used to treat the disease. It is important to determine the relatedness and origins of resistant A. fumigatus isolates in the environment, including plant-based retail products, so that factors promoting the development and propagation of resistant isolates can be identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Wang
- Fungal Biology Group, Plant Pathology Department, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Natalie Miller
- Fungal Biology Group, Plant Pathology Department, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Douglas Vines
- Fungal Biology Group, Plant Pathology Department, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Paul M Severns
- Fungal Biology Group, Plant Pathology Department, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Michelle Momany
- Fungal Biology Group, Plant Biology Department, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Marin T Brewer
- Fungal Biology Group, Plant Pathology Department, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
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Hanne D, Philippe C, Karine G, Paulien L, Jessie C, De Elien V, Marc V, Liesbet B, Charlotte B, Claude S, Ann P. Detection of pan-azole resistant Aspergillus fumigatus in horticulture and a composting facility in Belgium. Med Mycol 2024:myae055. [PMID: 38769604 DOI: 10.1093/mmy/myae055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Azole resistance in A. fumigatus (ARAf) is becoming a worldwide health threat due to increasing occurrence in the environment. However, environmental surveillance programs are not commonly in place and are lacking in Belgium. Since no data on the occurrence of ARAf and the presence of hotspots for the selection of azole resistance is available in Belgium, a first study on the prevalence of ARAf in the environment was conducted. A total of 232 air and compost or soil samples were taken from two composting facilities, and from horticultural and agricultural crops. The azole susceptibility pattern was determined using the EUCAST method (E. Def. 9.4) and the cyp51A gene and its promotor region were sequenced in A. fumigatus isolates with phenotypic azole resistance. Six pan-azole resistant A. fumigatus isolates were identified, originating from compost and horticultural crops. Four isolates carried the TR34/L98H mutation and one isolate the TR46/Y121F/T289A mutation. However, we did not observe any ARAf isolates from agricultural crops. In conclusion, this study reported the first TR34/L98H and TR46/Y121F/T289A mutation isolated from a composting facility and horticulture in Belgium. The implementation of standardisation in environmental surveillance of A. fumigatus on a European level would be beneficial in order to identify hotspots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debergh Hanne
- Mycology and aerobiology, Sciensano, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
- Fundamental and Applied Research for Animal and Health (FARAH) Center, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | | | - Goens Karine
- Mycology and aerobiology, Sciensano, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | | | | | - Vits De Elien
- Mycology and aerobiology, Sciensano, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Vissers Marc
- Ornamental Plant Research, PCS, 9070 Destelbergen, Belgium
| | | | | | - Saegerman Claude
- Fundamental and Applied Research for Animal and Health (FARAH) Center, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Packeu Ann
- Mycology and aerobiology, Sciensano, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
- BCCM/IHEM, Mycology and aerobiology, Sciensano, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
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Koutsoumanis K, Allende A, Bolton D, Bover‐Cid S, Chemaly M, Herman L, Hilbert F, Lindqvist R, Nauta M, Nonno R, Peixe L, Skandamis P, Ru G, Simmons M, De Cesare A, Escamez PF, Suffredini E, Ortiz‐Pelaez A, Ordonez AA. Evaluation of alternative methods of tunnel composting (submitted by the European Composting Network) II. EFSA J 2024; 22:e8745. [PMID: 38681740 PMCID: PMC11046411 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2024.8745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Two alternative methods for producing compost in a tunnel, from certain category (Cat.) 3 animal by-products (ABP) and other non-ABP material, were assessed. The first method proposed a minimum temperature of 55°C for 72 h and the second 60°C for 48 h, both with a maximum particle size of 200 mm. The assessment of the Panel on Biological Hazards (BIOHAZ) exclusively focused on Cat. 3 ABP materials (catering waste and processed foodstuffs of animal origin no longer intended for human consumption). The proposed composting processes were evaluated for their efficacy to achieve a reduction of at least 5 log10 of Enterococcus faecalis and Salmonella Senftenberg (775W, H2S negative) and at least 3 log10 of relevant thermoresistant viruses. The applicant provided a list of biological hazards that may enter the composting process and selected parvoviruses as the indicator of the thermoresistant viruses. The evidence provided by the applicant included: (a) literature data on thermal inactivation of biological hazards; (b) results from validation studies on the reduction of E. faecalis, Salmonella Senftenberg 775W H2S negative and canine parvovirus carried out in composting plants across Europe; (c) and experimental data from direct measurements of reduction of infectivity of murine parvovirus in compost material applying the time/temperature conditions of the two alternative methods. The evidence provided showed the capacity of the proposed alternative methods to reduce E. faecalis and Salmonella Senftenberg 775W H2S negative by at least 5 log10, and parvoviruses by at least 3 log10. The BIOHAZ Panel concluded that the two alternative methods under assessment can be considered to be equivalent to the processing method currently approved in the Commission Regulation (EU) No 142/2011.
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Hrameche O, Tul S, Manolikaki I, Digalaki N, Kaltsa I, Psarras G, Koubouris G. Optimizing Agroecological Measures for Climate-Resilient Olive Farming in the Mediterranean. Plants (Basel) 2024; 13:900. [PMID: 38592939 PMCID: PMC10974610 DOI: 10.3390/plants13060900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2024] [Revised: 03/10/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
In order to evaluate the potential of climate change mitigation measures on soil physiochemical properties, an experiment based on the application of five agroecological practices such as the addition of composted olive-mill wastes, recycling pruning residue, cover crops, organic insect manure, and reduced soil tillage, solely or combined, was conducted over two years (2020 to 2022) in a 48-year-old olive plantation. The results showed significant increases in soil water content during the spring and summer periods for the combined treatment (compost + pruning residue + cover crops) (ALL) compared to the control (CONT) by 41.6% and 51.3%, respectively. Also, ALL expressed the highest soil organic matter (4.33%) compared to CONT (1.65%) at 0-10 cm soil depth. When comparing soil nutrient contents, ALL (37.86 mg kg-1) and cover crops (COVER) (37.21 mg kg-1) had significant increases in soil nitrate compared to CONT (22.90 mg kg-1), the lowest one. Concerning exchangeable potassium, ALL (169.7 mg kg-1) and compost (COMP) (168.7 mg kg-1) were higher than CONT (117.93 mg kg-1) at the 0-10 cm soil depth and had, respectively an increase of 100.9% and 60.7% in calcium content compared to CONT. Over the experimental period, the implementation of the five agroecological management practices resulted in enhanced soil fertility. In a long-term Mediterranean context, this study suggests that these sustainable practices would significantly benefit farmers by improving agroecosystem services, reducing reliance on synthetic fertilizers, optimizing irrigation water use, and ultimately contributing towards a circular economy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oumaima Hrameche
- Hellenic Agricultural Organization ELGO-DIMITRA, Institute of Olive Tree, Subtropical Crops and Viticulture, Leoforos Karamanli 167, GR-73100 Chania, Greece; (O.H.); (S.T.); (I.M.); (N.D.); (I.K.); (G.P.)
- Mediterranean Agronomic Institute of Chania—MAICh, CIHEAM, Makedonias 01, GR-73100 Chania, Greece
| | - Safiye Tul
- Hellenic Agricultural Organization ELGO-DIMITRA, Institute of Olive Tree, Subtropical Crops and Viticulture, Leoforos Karamanli 167, GR-73100 Chania, Greece; (O.H.); (S.T.); (I.M.); (N.D.); (I.K.); (G.P.)
- Mediterranean Agronomic Institute of Chania—MAICh, CIHEAM, Makedonias 01, GR-73100 Chania, Greece
| | - Ioanna Manolikaki
- Hellenic Agricultural Organization ELGO-DIMITRA, Institute of Olive Tree, Subtropical Crops and Viticulture, Leoforos Karamanli 167, GR-73100 Chania, Greece; (O.H.); (S.T.); (I.M.); (N.D.); (I.K.); (G.P.)
| | - Nektaria Digalaki
- Hellenic Agricultural Organization ELGO-DIMITRA, Institute of Olive Tree, Subtropical Crops and Viticulture, Leoforos Karamanli 167, GR-73100 Chania, Greece; (O.H.); (S.T.); (I.M.); (N.D.); (I.K.); (G.P.)
| | - Ioanna Kaltsa
- Hellenic Agricultural Organization ELGO-DIMITRA, Institute of Olive Tree, Subtropical Crops and Viticulture, Leoforos Karamanli 167, GR-73100 Chania, Greece; (O.H.); (S.T.); (I.M.); (N.D.); (I.K.); (G.P.)
| | - Georgios Psarras
- Hellenic Agricultural Organization ELGO-DIMITRA, Institute of Olive Tree, Subtropical Crops and Viticulture, Leoforos Karamanli 167, GR-73100 Chania, Greece; (O.H.); (S.T.); (I.M.); (N.D.); (I.K.); (G.P.)
| | - Georgios Koubouris
- Hellenic Agricultural Organization ELGO-DIMITRA, Institute of Olive Tree, Subtropical Crops and Viticulture, Leoforos Karamanli 167, GR-73100 Chania, Greece; (O.H.); (S.T.); (I.M.); (N.D.); (I.K.); (G.P.)
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Fernandes P, Pinto R, Correia C, Mourão I, Moura L, Brito LM. Valorization of kiwi waste through composting. Environ Technol 2024:1-15. [PMID: 38471044 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2024.2326797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Kiwi waste from the calibration process is a major environmental problem of kiwi production due to landfill deposition. This work aims to contribute to the agronomic use of recycled kiwi waste through composting. With this objective, a composting experiment was carried out with kiwi fruit waste mixed with 5%, 10% and 20% (fresh weight) of wheat straw from bundles used to protect kiwifruit trunks from frost, as abulking agent to increase aeration, in the piles 5S, 10S and 20S, respectively. The highest temperatures for piles 5S and 10S were above 60°C, whereas the temperature did not reach 40°C in the pile with the highest straw content (20S) because the aeration increased heat loss in addition to increased C/N ratio of this pile. Also, the amount of organic matter mineralized decreased with increasing amount of straw because of the high C/N ratio of the straw. The highest total N (29.7 g kg-1) and the lowest C/N ratio (13) of the compost with 5% of straw is important from the agricultural point of view to promote N availability. In contrast, the high electrical conductivity (4.6 dS m-1) of this compost increases the risk of salt accumulation in the soil. Our results show that the compost with 10% straw, with high degree of maturation, absence of poor hygiene indicators as coliforms and pathogens as Salmonella sp., high organic matter content and rich in nutrients, together with the adequate compost pH and low electrical conductivity improves compost quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo Fernandes
- Escola Superior de Tecnologia e Gestão, Instituto Politécnico de Viana do Castelo, Rua Escola Industrial e Comercial de Nun'Álvares, Viana do Castelo, Portugal
- Centro de Investigação e Desenvolvimento em Sistemas Agroalimentares e Sustentabilidade (CISAS), R. Escola Industrial e Comercial de Nun'Álvares, Viana do Castelo, Portugal
| | - Rui Pinto
- Centro de Investigação e Desenvolvimento em Sistemas Agroalimentares e Sustentabilidade (CISAS), R. Escola Industrial e Comercial de Nun'Álvares, Viana do Castelo, Portugal
| | - Cláudia Correia
- Escola Superior Agrária, Instituto Politécnico de Viana do Castelo, Ponte de Lima, Portugal
| | - Isabel Mourão
- Escola Superior Agrária, Instituto Politécnico de Viana do Castelo, Ponte de Lima, Portugal
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus Santa Apolónia, Bragança, Portugal
| | - Luísa Moura
- Centro de Investigação e Desenvolvimento em Sistemas Agroalimentares e Sustentabilidade (CISAS), R. Escola Industrial e Comercial de Nun'Álvares, Viana do Castelo, Portugal
- Escola Superior Agrária, Instituto Politécnico de Viana do Castelo, Ponte de Lima, Portugal
| | - Luis Miguel Brito
- Centro de Investigação e Desenvolvimento em Sistemas Agroalimentares e Sustentabilidade (CISAS), R. Escola Industrial e Comercial de Nun'Álvares, Viana do Castelo, Portugal
- Escola Superior Agrária, Instituto Politécnico de Viana do Castelo, Ponte de Lima, Portugal
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus Santa Apolónia, Bragança, Portugal
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Coles PS, McGiffen ME, Xu H, Frutos M. Compost Filling Methods Affect Green Mold Disease Incidence in Commercial Mushrooms. Plant Dis 2024; 108:666-670. [PMID: 37807093 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-06-23-1101-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Green mold (Trichoderma aggressivum) is an invasive disease of commercial mushrooms introduced into the United States from Europe that now has spread to commercial mushrooms throughout North America. We examined potential sources of invasive green mold inoculum and the association with different compost filling technologies on a large actively producing commercial mushroom farm. Green mold foci were sampled bed by bed, which generated 20,906 data points. Logistic regression was used to determine treatment differences. Mechanical filling of compost into the beds reduced green mold incidence over hand filling, apparently due to the reduced incidence of worker contact with the floor and between beds. Lower growing beds located closer to the floor had a higher incidence of green mold for both mechanical and hand-filled beds. We conclude that mechanical filling and generally reducing contact with the floor and between beds will reduce spread of green mold in commercial mushroom production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phillip S Coles
- Department of Decision and Technology Analytics, College of Business, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA 18015
| | - Milton E McGiffen
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521
| | - Huaying Xu
- Statistical Consulting Collaboratory, Department of Statistics, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521
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Yang C, Hayhow C, Jackman E, Andrews D, Brabander D. Municipal Compost Public Health, Waste Management, and Urban Agriculture: A Decadal Study of Fugitive Pb in City of Boston, Massachusetts, USA. Geohealth 2024; 8:e2023GH000810. [PMID: 38449815 PMCID: PMC10916439 DOI: 10.1029/2023gh000810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Compostable materials constitute roughly half of waste generated globally, but only 5% of waste is actually processed through composting, suggesting that expanding compost programs may be an effective way to process waste. Compostable waste, if properly collected and processed, has value-added end use options including: residential and park landscaping, remediation of brownfield sites, and as growing media in urban agriculture (UA). Since 2001, our lab has partnered with The Food Project, a non-profit focused on youth leadership development through urban farming. From 2006 to 2022 we collected compost materials that were delivered to the farm from a variety of local sources and analyzed a suite of biogeochemical properties including lead (Pb) concentrations, organic carbon, and grain size distribution. Pb concentrations of Boston's municipal compost always exceeded the current City of San Francisco soil and compost purchase standard (80 μg/g). In 2012 Boston's composting program was halted when it exceeded the 400 μg/g Environmental Protection Agency's Pb in soil benchmark. Urban Pb is geomobile and must be managed to minimize resuspension and transport of fines whose Pb concentration is often elevated compared to bulk compost. Consequently, urban farmers have to source lower Pb compost from suburban suppliers at significantly greater cost. Over a 15 year period and through several city vendor contracts, Pb concentrations in municipal compost remain at levels that warrant continued surveillance and risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chansie Yang
- Department of Environmental StudiesWellesley CollegeWellesleyMAUSA
- Now at Department of BiologyUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWAUSA
| | - Claire Hayhow
- Department of GeosciencesWellesley CollegeWellesleyMAUSA
- Now at Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary SciencesMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMAUSA
| | - Emma Jackman
- Department of GeosciencesWellesley CollegeWellesleyMAUSA
| | | | - Daniel Brabander
- Department of Environmental StudiesWellesley CollegeWellesleyMAUSA
- Department of GeosciencesWellesley CollegeWellesleyMAUSA
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Xu J, Feng K, Li Y, Xie J, Wang Y, Zhang Z, Hu Q. Enhanced Biodegradation Rate of Poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) Composites Using Reed Fiber. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:411. [PMID: 38337300 DOI: 10.3390/polym16030411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
To enhance the degradability of poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT), reed fiber (RF) was blended with PBAT to create composite materials. In this study, a fifteen day degradation experiment was conducted using four different enzyme solutions containing lipase, cellulase, Proteinase K, and esterase, respectively. The degradation process of the sample films was analyzed using an analytical balance, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The PBAT/RF composites exhibited an increased surface hydrophilicity, which enhanced their degradation capacity. Among all the enzymes tested, lipase had the most significant impact on the degradation rate. The weight loss of PBAT and PBAT/RF, caused by lipase, was approximately 5.63% and 8.17%, respectively. DSC analysis revealed an increase in the melting temperature and crystallinity over time, especially in the film containing reed fibers. FTIR results indicated a significant weakening of the ester bond peak in the samples. Moreover, this article describes a biodegradation study conducted for three months under controlled composting conditions of PBAT and PBAT/RF samples. The results showed that PBAT/RF degraded more easily in compost as compared to PBAT. The lag phase of PBAT/RF was observed to decrease by 23.8%, while the biodegradation rate exhibited an increase of 11.8% over a period of 91 days. SEM analysis demonstrated the formation of more cracks and pores on the surface of PBAT/RF composites during the degradation process. This leads to an increased contact area between the composites and microorganisms, thereby accelerating the degradation of PBAT/RF. This research is significant for preparing highly degradable PBAT composites and improving the application prospects of biodegradable green materials. PBAT/RF composites are devoted to replacing petroleum-based polymer materials with sustainable, natural materials in advanced applications such as constructional design, biomedical application, and eco-environmental packaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Xu
- Xiong'an Institute of Innovation, Baoding 071700, China
| | - Kunpeng Feng
- Xiong'an Institute of Innovation, Baoding 071700, China
| | - Yuan Li
- College of Chemistry and Environment Science, Hebei University, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Jixing Xie
- College of Chemistry and Environment Science, Hebei University, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Yingsai Wang
- Xiong'an Institute of Innovation, Baoding 071700, China
| | | | - Qing Hu
- Xiong'an Institute of Innovation, Baoding 071700, China
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Wilkes TI. The influence of a soil amendment on the abundance and interaction of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi with arable soils and host winter wheat. Access Microbiol 2024; 6:000581.v5. [PMID: 38361647 PMCID: PMC10866040 DOI: 10.1099/acmi.0.000581.v5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi have been shown to be associated with an estimated 70 % of vascular terrestrial plants. Such relationships have been shown to be sensitive to soil disturbance, for example, tillage in the preparation of a seed bed. From the application of arable soil management, AM fungal populations have been shown to be negatively impacted in abundance and diversity, reducing plant growth and development. The present study aims to utilise two sources (multipurpose compost and a commercial inocula) of mycorrhizal fungi for the amendment of arable soils supporting Zulu winter wheat under controlled conditions and quantify plant growth responses. A total of nine fields across three participating farms were sampled, each farm practicing either conventional, reduced, or zero tillage soil management exclusively. Soil textures were assessed for each sampled soil. Via the employment of AM fungal symbiosis quantification methods, AM fungi were compared between soil amendments and their effects on crop growth and development. The present study was able to quantify a mean 6 cm increase to crop height (P<0.001), 10 cm reduction to root length corresponding with a 2.45-fold increase in AM fungal arbuscular structures (P<0.001), a 1.15-fold increase in soil glomalin concentration corresponding to a 1.26-fold increase in soil carbon, and a 1.32-fold increase in the relative abundance of molecular identified AM fungal sequences for compost amended soils compared to control samples. Mycorrhizal inocula, however, saw no change to crop height or root length, AM fungal arbuscules were reduced by 1.43-fold, soil glomalin was additionally reduced by 1.55-fold corresponding to a reduction in soil carbon by 1.31-fold, and a reduction to relative AM fungal species abundance by 1.26-fold. The present study can conclude the addition of compost as an arable soil amendment is more beneficial for the restoration of AM fungi beneficial to wheat production and soil carbon compared to the addition of a commercial mycorrhizal inocula.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas I. Wilkes
- Department of Clinical, Pharmaceutical and Biological Science, School of Life and Medical Sciences, College Lane Campus, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, Hertfordshire AL10 9AB, UK
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Lawrence BT, Calle A, Saski CA, Melgar JC. Differential Gene Expression Patterns in Peach Roots under Non-Uniform Soil Conditions in Response to Organic Matter. Genes (Basel) 2024; 15:70. [PMID: 38254960 PMCID: PMC10815151 DOI: 10.3390/genes15010070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/01/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Organic matter (OM) amendments are often encouraged in sustainable agriculture programs but can create heterogeneous soil environments when applied to perennial crops such as peaches (Prunus persica (L.) Batsch). To better understand the responses of peach roots to non-uniform soil conditions, transcriptomic analysis was performed in a split-root study using uniform soil (the same soil type for all roots) or non-uniform soil (different soil types for each half of the root system) from either (1) autoclaved sand (S), (2) autoclaved sand with autoclaved compost (A), or (3) autoclaved sand with compost which included inherent biological soil life (B). Each uniform soil type (S, A, and B) was grouped and compared by uniform and non-uniform soil comparisons for a total of nine treatments. Comparisons revealed peach roots had differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and gene ontology terms between soil groups, with the S and B groups having a range of 106-411 DEGs and the A group having a range of 19-94 DEGs. Additionally, six modules were identified and correlated (p > 0.69) for six of the nine treatment combinations. This study broadly highlights the complexity of how OM and biological life in the rhizosphere interact with immediate and distant roots and sheds light on how non-homogenous soil conditions can influence peach root gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian T. Lawrence
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Clemson University, 105 Collings Street, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
- Horticulture Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Geneva, NY 14456, USA
| | - Alejandro Calle
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Clemson University, 105 Collings Street, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
- Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries (IRTA), Fruitcentre, PCiTAL, Gardeny Park, Fruitcentre Building, 25003 Lleida, Spain
| | - Christopher A. Saski
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Clemson University, 105 Collings Street, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
| | - Juan Carlos Melgar
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Clemson University, 105 Collings Street, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
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Vieira FR, Di Tomassi I, O'Connor E, Bull CT, Pecchia JA, Hockett KL. Manipulating Agaricus bisporus developmental patterns by passaging microbial communities in complex substrates. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0197823. [PMID: 37831469 PMCID: PMC10714785 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01978-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Agaricus bisporus is an economically important edible mushroom and manipulating its developmental patterns is crucial for maximizing yield and quality. One of the potential strategies for achieving such a goal is passaging microbial communities in compost or casing. The current study demonstrated that passaging substrates develop enriched microbial communities, and after a few passages, certain levels of changes in mushroom developmental patterns (the timing of fruiting bodies formation) were observed as well as shifts in the bacterial communities. Overall, a better understanding of the complex interactions between microorganisms present in the cultivation system may help farmers and researchers to develop more efficient and sustainable cultivation practices that can both benefit the environment and human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabricio Rocha Vieira
- Department of Plant Pathology and Environmental Microbiology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
- Microbiome Center, The Pennsylvanian State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Isako Di Tomassi
- Department of Plant Pathology and Environmental Microbiology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
- Microbiome Center, The Pennsylvanian State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Eoin O'Connor
- Department of Plant Pathology and Environmental Microbiology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
- Microbiome Center, The Pennsylvanian State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Carolee T. Bull
- Department of Plant Pathology and Environmental Microbiology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
- Microbiome Center, The Pennsylvanian State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - John A. Pecchia
- Department of Plant Pathology and Environmental Microbiology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Kevin L. Hockett
- Department of Plant Pathology and Environmental Microbiology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
- Microbiome Center, The Pennsylvanian State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
- The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
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12
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Asano F, Miyahara T, Miyamoto H, Kodama H. A Thermophile-Fermented Compost Modulates Intestinal Cations and the Expression of a Juvenile Hormone-Binding Protein Gene in the Female Larvae of Hercules Beetle Dynastes hercules (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae). Insects 2023; 14:910. [PMID: 38132584 PMCID: PMC10744137 DOI: 10.3390/insects14120910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
The Hercules beetle larvae grow by feeding on humus, and adding a thermophile-fermented compost to the humus can upregulate the growth of female larvae. In this study, the effects of compost on the intestinal environment, including pH, cation concentrations, and organic acid concentrations of intestinal fluids, were investigated, and the RNA profile of the fat body was determined. Although the total intestinal potassium ions were similar between the larvae grown without compost (control larvae) and those with compost (compost larvae), the proportion of potassium ions in the midgut of the compost larvae drastically increased. In the midgut, an unidentified organic acid was the most abundant, and its concentration increased in the compost larvae. Transcriptome analysis showed that a gene encoding hemolymph juvenile-binding protein (JHBP) was expressed in the compost female larvae and not in the control female larvae. Expression of many genes involved in the defensive system was decreased in the compost female larvae. These results suggest that the female-specific enhancement of larval growth by compost was associated with the increased JHBP expression under conditions in which the availability of nutrition from the humus was improved by an increase in potassium ions in the midgut.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Hiroaki Kodama
- Graduate School of Horticulture, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522, Japan; (F.A.); (T.M.); (H.M.)
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13
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Padoan E, Montoneri E, Baglieri A, Francavilla M, Negre M. Mild Chemical Treatment of Unsorted Urban Food Wastes. Molecules 2023; 28:7670. [PMID: 38005392 PMCID: PMC10674513 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28227670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Municipal biowastes are conventionally treated by assessed anaerobic and aerobic fermentation to produce biogas, anaerobic digestate, and compost. Low-temperature hydrolysis and the oxidation of the digestate and compost, which are still at the experimental stage, are known to yield water-soluble value-added chemical specialities for use in different sectors of the chemical industry and in agriculture. The present paper reports the application of the two chemical reactions to the biowastes before fermentation. The products obtained in this manner are compared with those obtained from the chemical reactions applied to the fermented biowastes. Based on the experimental results, the paper discusses the expected environmental and economic benefits of the above chemical processes and products in comparison with the products obtained by other known biotechnologies for the valorisation of biomass as a feedstock for the biobased chemical industry. The results point out that a sustainable biowaste-based refinery that produces biofuel and biobased chemicals may be developed by integrating chemical and fermentation technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elio Padoan
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Forestali e Alimentari, Università di Torino, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy; (E.P.); (M.N.)
| | - Enzo Montoneri
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Forestali e Alimentari, Università di Torino, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy; (E.P.); (M.N.)
| | - Andrea Baglieri
- Dipartimento di Scienze delle Produzioni Agrarie e Alimentari, Università di Catania, Via S. Sofia 98, 95123 Catania, Italy;
| | - Matteo Francavilla
- STAR Integrated Research Unit, Università di Foggia, 71121 Foggia, Italy;
| | - Michèle Negre
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Forestali e Alimentari, Università di Torino, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy; (E.P.); (M.N.)
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14
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Dominici F, Puglia D, Luzi F, Governatori C, Tosti G, Benincasa P. The Bran and Grain Grinding Level Affect the Tensile Characteristics of Bioplastics Derived from Wholegrain Wheat Flours. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:4381. [PMID: 38006105 PMCID: PMC10674300 DOI: 10.3390/polym15224381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The mechanical performance of thermoplastic bulk samples obtained by plasticizing wheat flours differing in grain hardness, alveographic parameters, absence or presence of bran, and grinding level was assessed. Grains of four bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars (Altamira, Aubusson, Blasco, and Bologna) were milled with the aim of producing single-cultivar refined flour (R), or wholegrain flour with fine (F) or coarse (C) grinding. The flours were plasticized, injection molded and tested for tensile properties. The results confirmed that the presence of bran increased the strength (σ) and reduced the elongation at break (ε) of thermoplastics obtained from the flours of each cultivar. The grinding level had an effect, since σ was higher and ε was lower in F than in C samples. SEM analysis of samples revealed that the bran and its texture affected the exposure of starch granules to plasticizer. Composting experiments also revealed that the formulations are able to disintegrate within 21 days with a mass loss rate higher in plastics from F than C flours, while germination tests carried out with cress seeds indicated that it takes two months before the compost loses its phytotoxic effects. Overall, the refining and bran particle size of wheat flours, besides their gluten composition and baking properties, represent novel choice factors to be considered when tailoring the manufacturing of plastic materials for selected requirements and uses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franco Dominici
- Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, University of Perugia, UdR INSTM, 05100 Terni, Italy;
| | - Debora Puglia
- Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, University of Perugia, UdR INSTM, 05100 Terni, Italy;
| | - Francesca Luzi
- Department of Science and Engineering of Matter, Environment and Urban Planning (SIMAU), 60131 Ancona, Italy;
| | - Catia Governatori
- AMAP, Agenzia Marche Agricoltura Pesca, Via Giulio Latini, 64, 60035 Jesi, Italy;
| | - Giacomo Tosti
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Perugia, Borgo XX Giugno, 74, 06124 Perugia, Italy; (G.T.); (P.B.)
| | - Paolo Benincasa
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Perugia, Borgo XX Giugno, 74, 06124 Perugia, Italy; (G.T.); (P.B.)
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15
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Ouhaddou R, Meddich A, Ikan C, Lahlali R, Ait Barka E, Hajirezaei MR, Duponnois R, Baslam M. Enhancing Maize Productivity and Soil Health under Salt Stress through Physiological Adaptation and Metabolic Regulation Using Indigenous Biostimulants. Plants (Basel) 2023; 12:3703. [PMID: 37960059 PMCID: PMC10648834 DOI: 10.3390/plants12213703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Salinity poses a persistent threat to agricultural land, continuously jeopardizing global food security. This study aimed to enhance sweet corn (SC) fitness under varying levels of salinity using indigenous biostimulants (BioS) and to assess their impacts on plant performance and soil quality. The experiment included control (0 mM NaCl), moderate stress (MS; 50 mM NaCl), and severe stress (SS; 100 mM NaCl) conditions. Indigenous biostimulants, including compost (C), Bacillus sp., Bacillus subtilis (R), and a consortium of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (A) were applied either individually or in combination. Growth traits, physiological and biochemical parameters in maize plants, and the physico-chemical properties of their associated soils were assessed. SS negatively affected plant growth and soil quality. The RC combination significantly improved plant growth under SS, increasing aerial (238%) and root (220%) dry weights compared to controls. This treatment reduced hydrogen peroxide by 54% and increased peroxidase activity by 46% compared to controls. The indigenous biostimulants, particularly C and R, enhanced soil structure and mineral composition (K and Mg). Soil organic carbon and available phosphorus increased notably in C-treated soils. Furthermore, RC (437%) and CAR (354%) treatments exhibited a significant increase in glomalin content under SS. Indigenous biostimulants offer a promising strategy to mitigate salinity-related threats to agricultural land. They improve plant fitness, fine-tune metabolism, and reduce oxidative stress. In addition, the biostimulants improved the soil structure and mineral composition, highlighting their potential for reconstitution and sustainability in salt-affected areas. This approach holds promise for addressing salinity-related threats to global food security.
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Affiliation(s)
- Redouane Ouhaddou
- Center of Agrobiotechnology and Bioengineering, Research Unit Labelled CNRST (Centre AgroBiotech-URL-7 CNRST-05), Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakesh 40000, Morocco
- Plant Physiology and Biotechnology Team, Laboratory of Agro-Food, Biotechnologies and Valorization of Plant Bioresources (AGROBIOVAL), Department of Biology, Faculty of Science Semlalia, Cadi Ayyad University (UCA), Marrakesh 40000, Morocco
| | - Abdelilah Meddich
- Center of Agrobiotechnology and Bioengineering, Research Unit Labelled CNRST (Centre AgroBiotech-URL-7 CNRST-05), Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakesh 40000, Morocco
- Plant Physiology and Biotechnology Team, Laboratory of Agro-Food, Biotechnologies and Valorization of Plant Bioresources (AGROBIOVAL), Department of Biology, Faculty of Science Semlalia, Cadi Ayyad University (UCA), Marrakesh 40000, Morocco
| | - Chayma Ikan
- Center of Agrobiotechnology and Bioengineering, Research Unit Labelled CNRST (Centre AgroBiotech-URL-7 CNRST-05), Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakesh 40000, Morocco
- Plant Physiology and Biotechnology Team, Laboratory of Agro-Food, Biotechnologies and Valorization of Plant Bioresources (AGROBIOVAL), Department of Biology, Faculty of Science Semlalia, Cadi Ayyad University (UCA), Marrakesh 40000, Morocco
| | - Rachid Lahlali
- Department of Plant Protection, Phytopathology Unit, Ecole Nationale d’Agriculture de Meknès, Km10, Rte Haj Kaddour, BP S/40, Meknès 50001, Morocco
- Plant Pathology Laboratory, AgroBioSciences, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University, Lot 660, Hay Moulay Rachid, Ben Guerir 43150, Morocco
| | - Essaid Ait Barka
- Unité de Recherche Résistance Induite et Bio-Protection des Plantes-EA 4707, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, 51100 Reims, France
| | - Mohammad-Reza Hajirezaei
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Molecular Plant Nutrition, Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, OT Gatersleben, Corrensstrasse 3, D-06466 Seeland, Germany
| | - Robin Duponnois
- Laboratoire des Symbioses Tropicales & Méditerranéennes UMR 113 IRD/CIRAD/INRAe/SupAgro Montpellier/UM Campus International de Baillarguet TA A-82/J, CEDEX 5, 34398 Montpellier, France
| | - Marouane Baslam
- Center of Agrobiotechnology and Bioengineering, Research Unit Labelled CNRST (Centre AgroBiotech-URL-7 CNRST-05), Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakesh 40000, Morocco
- Plant Physiology and Biotechnology Team, Laboratory of Agro-Food, Biotechnologies and Valorization of Plant Bioresources (AGROBIOVAL), Department of Biology, Faculty of Science Semlalia, Cadi Ayyad University (UCA), Marrakesh 40000, Morocco
- GrowSmart, Seoul 07516, Republic of Korea
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16
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Ahmed T, Noman M, Qi Y, Shahid M, Hussain S, Masood HA, Xu L, Ali HM, Negm S, El-Kott AF, Yao Y, Qi X, Li B. Fertilization of Microbial Composts: A Technology for Improving Stress Resilience in Plants. Plants (Basel) 2023; 12:3550. [PMID: 37896014 PMCID: PMC10609736 DOI: 10.3390/plants12203550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
Microbial compost plays a crucial role in improving soil health, soil fertility, and plant biomass. These biofertilizers, based on microorganisms, offer numerous benefits such as enhanced nutrient acquisition (N, P, and K), production of hydrogen cyanide (HCN), and control of pathogens through induced systematic resistance. Additionally, they promote the production of phytohormones, siderophore, vitamins, protective enzymes, and antibiotics, further contributing to soil sustainability and optimal agricultural productivity. The escalating generation of organic waste from farm operations poses significant threats to the environment and soil fertility. Simultaneously, the excessive utilization of chemical fertilizers to achieve high crop yields results in detrimental impacts on soil structure and fertility. To address these challenges, a sustainable agriculture system that ensures enhanced soil fertility and minimal ecological impact is imperative. Microbial composts, developed by incorporating characterized plant-growth-promoting bacteria or fungal strains into compost derived from agricultural waste, offer a promising solution. These biofertilizers, with selected microbial strains capable of thriving in compost, offer an eco-friendly, cost-effective, and sustainable alternative for agricultural practices. In this review article, we explore the potential of microbial composts as a viable strategy for improving plant growth and environmental safety. By harnessing the benefits of microorganisms in compost, we can pave the way for sustainable agriculture and foster a healthier relationship between soil, plants, and the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Temoor Ahmed
- Xianghu Laboratory, Hangzhou 311231, China; (T.A.)
- Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China;
| | - Muhammad Noman
- Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China;
| | - Yetong Qi
- Xianghu Laboratory, Hangzhou 311231, China; (T.A.)
| | - Muhammad Shahid
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Government College University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan;
| | - Sabir Hussain
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan;
| | - Hafiza Ayesha Masood
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
- MEU Research Unit, Middle East University, Amman 11831, Jordan
| | - Lihui Xu
- Institute of Eco-Environmental Protection, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China;
| | - Hayssam M. Ali
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Sally Negm
- Department of Life Sciences, College of Science and Art Mahyel Aseer, King Khalid University, Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Attalla F. El-Kott
- Department of Biology, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yanlai Yao
- Xianghu Laboratory, Hangzhou 311231, China; (T.A.)
| | - Xingjiang Qi
- Xianghu Laboratory, Hangzhou 311231, China; (T.A.)
| | - Bin Li
- Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China;
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17
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Nogues I, Passatore L, Bustamante MÁ, Pallozzi E, Luz J, Traquete F, Ferreira AEN, Sousa Silva M, Cordeiro C. Cultivation of Melilotus officinalis as a source of bioactive compounds in association with soil recovery practices. Front Plant Sci 2023; 14:1218594. [PMID: 37771488 PMCID: PMC10523325 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1218594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Melilotus officinalis is a Leguminosae with relevant applications in medicine and soil recovery. This study reports the application of Melilotus officinalis plants in soil recovery and as a source of bioactive compounds. Methods Plants were cultivated in semiarid soil under four different fertilizer treatments, urban waste compost at 10 t/ha and 20 t/ha, inorganic fertilizer and a control (no fertilizer). Agronomic properties of soil (pH, EC, soil respiration, C content, macro- and microelements) were analyzed before and after treatment. Also, germination, biomass, element contents, and physiological response were evaluated. Metabolite composition of plants was analyzed through Fourier-transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS). Results and discussion Results showed a significant enhancement of the soil microbial activity in planted soils amended with compost, though there were no other clear effects on the soil physicochemical and chemical characteristics during the short experimental period. An improvement in M. officinalis germination and growth was observed in soils with compost amendment. Metabolite composition of plants was analyzed through Fourier-transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS). Principal Component and Agglomerative Hierarchical Clustering models suggest that there is a clear separation of the metabolome of four groups of plants grown under different soil treatments. The five most important discriminative metabolites (annotated) were oleamide, palmitic acid, stearic acid, 3-hydroxy-cis-5-octenoylcarnitine, and 6-hydroxynon-7- enoylcarnitine. This study provides information on how the metabolome of Melilotus might be altered by fertilizer application in poor soil regions. These metabolome changes might have repercussions for the application of this plant in medicine and pharmacology. The results support the profitability of Melilotus officinalis cultivation for bioactive compounds production in association with soil recovery practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Nogues
- Research Institute on Terrestrial Ecosystems, National Research Council (IRET-CNR), Monterotondo Scalo, Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Passatore
- Research Institute on Terrestrial Ecosystems, National Research Council (IRET-CNR), Monterotondo Scalo, Rome, Italy
| | - María Ángeles Bustamante
- Centro de Investigación e Innovación Agroalimentaria y Agroambiental (CIAGRO-UMH), Miguel Hernández University, Orihuela, Alicante, Spain
| | - Emanuele Pallozzi
- Research Institute on Terrestrial Ecosystems, National Research Council (IRET-CNR), Monterotondo Scalo, Rome, Italy
- NBFC, National Biodiversity Future Center, Palermo, Italy
| | - João Luz
- Laboratório de FTICR e Espectrometria de Massa Estrutural, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
- Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute (BioISI), Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Francisco Traquete
- Laboratório de FTICR e Espectrometria de Massa Estrutural, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
- Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute (BioISI), Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - António E. N. Ferreira
- Laboratório de FTICR e Espectrometria de Massa Estrutural, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
- Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute (BioISI), Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Marta Sousa Silva
- Laboratório de FTICR e Espectrometria de Massa Estrutural, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
- Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute (BioISI), Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Carlos Cordeiro
- Laboratório de FTICR e Espectrometria de Massa Estrutural, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
- Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute (BioISI), Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
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18
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Eid S, Hassan HM, Al-Atfeehy NM, Selim KM, El Oksh ASA. Composting: A biosecurity measure to maximize the benefit of broilers̕ litter. J Adv Vet Anim Res 2023; 10:458-468. [PMID: 37969802 PMCID: PMC10636072 DOI: 10.5455/javar.2023.j699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of composting on the count of Salmonella spp., Clostridium perfringens, and New Castle virus (NDV) isolated from broilers' litter. Moreover, to verify the impact of compost thermal stress on the expression of thermal genes harbored in the isolated bacteria. Materials and Methods The prevalence of enteric aerobic and anaerobic infections by Salmonella spp., C. perfringens, and viral infections by NDV were investigated in litter samples collected from 100 broiler flocks by conventional methods and polymerase chain reaction. Results The samples were positive for Salmonella spp., C. perfringens, and NDV, with prevalence rates of 60%, 55%, and 30%, respectively. An experiment to study the effect of compost on the microbiological quality of litter was applied using five compost heaps with an initial average count of Salmonella typhimurium (3.2 × 105CFU CFU/gm), C. perfringens (6.4 × 105 CFU/gm), and an average titer NDV (105.5 embryo infectious dose50/gm). The microbiological count of heaps after 15 days of composting revealed a reduction in the count of S. typhimurium and C. perfringens by 4 log10 CFU/gm and 3 log10 CFU/gm, respectively. Moreover, the hemagglutinating test revealed no detection of NDV after 15 days of composting. A high degree of downregulation of expression of the thermal genes, dnaK in S. typhimurium isolates and cpe gene in C. perfringens isolates, was detected by quantitative reverse transcription PCR. Conclusion The reduction of pathogen counts, the simplicity, and the low cost associated with composting for only 15 days advocate the recommendation for raising awareness of composting as a routine biosecurity measure to prevent the spreading of infection and promote its safe use in agribusiness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samah Eid
- Bacteriology Department, Reference Laboratory for Quality Control on Poultry Production (RLQP), Animal Health Research Institute (AHRI), Agriculture Research Center (ARC), Egypt
| | - Heba M. Hassan
- Bacteriology Department, Reference Laboratory for Quality Control on Poultry Production (RLQP), Animal Health Research Institute (AHRI), Agriculture Research Center (ARC), Egypt
| | - Nayera M. Al-Atfeehy
- Bacteriology Department, Reference Laboratory for Quality Control on Poultry Production (RLQP), Animal Health Research Institute (AHRI), Agriculture Research Center (ARC), Egypt
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Doherty JR, Roberts JA. Topdressing Biochar Compost Mixtures and Biological Control Organism Applications Suppress Foliar Pathogens in Creeping Bentgrass Fairway Turf. Plant Dis 2023; 107:2346-2351. [PMID: 36627801 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-07-22-1629-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Biochar, compost, and biological control agents can suppress pathogens on their own; however, their reliability and efficacy are not as acceptable as synthetic fungicides commonly used to suppress pathogens. A multiyear field study was initiated to evaluate combinations of monthly applications of a biochar compost mixture and weekly or biweekly Bacillus subtilis QST713 applications for their ability to suppress foliar pathogens on a creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera L.) fairway and to measure their impact on strain QST713 establishment. Disease severity and turfgrass quality were measured every 14 days throughout the growing season. Populations of strain QST713 were quantified by quantitative PCR analysis on DNA extracted from foliage samples collected throughout the trial. Biochar compost mixture applications increased turfgrass quality in both years of the study and reduced dollar spot (Clarireedia jacksonii Salgado-Salazar) severity in 2021. Weekly strain QST713 applications reduced copper spot (Gloeocercospora sorghi D. C. Bain & Edgerton) severity compared with biweekly applications and the nontreated control in 2020, yet monthly biochar compost mixture with weekly strain QST713 applications completely suppressed copper spot in 2021. Populations of strain QST713 were highest in weekly treated plots, and monthly biochar compost mixture applications did not affect strain QST713 establishment. Although there was not an interaction between biochar compost mixture and strain QST713 applications, implementing both in a season-long program will benefit turfgrass health and reduce disease severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph R Doherty
- Department of Plant Science and Landscape Architecture, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742
| | - Joseph A Roberts
- Department of Plant Science and Landscape Architecture, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742
- Plant and Environmental Sciences Department, Clemson University, Florence, SC 29506
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20
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Abbas F, Thomas P, Cully‐Duse B, Andronicos NM, Winter G. Cattle- compost-soil: The transfer of antibiotic resistance in livestock agriculture. Microbiologyopen 2023; 12:e1375. [PMID: 37642484 PMCID: PMC10436696 DOI: 10.1002/mbo3.1375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance is a major global health threat. Agricultural use of antibiotics is considered to be a main contributor to the issue, influencing both animals and humans as defined by the One Health approach. The purpose of the present study was to determine the abundance of antibiotic-resistant bacterial populations and the overall bacterial diversity of cattle farm soils that have been treated with animal manure compost. Soil and manure samples were collected from different sites at Tullimba farm, NSW. Cultures were grown from these samples in the presence of 11 commonly used antibiotics and antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB) colonies were identified. Soil and manure bacterial diversity was also determined using 16S ribosomal RNA next-generation sequencing. Results showed that ARB abundance was greatest in fresh manure and significantly lower in composted manure. However, the application of composted manure on paddock soil led to a significant increase in soil ARB abundance. Of the antibiotics tested, the number of ARB in each sample was greatest for antibiotics that inhibited the bacterial cell wall and protein synthesis. Collectively, these results suggest that the transfer of antibiotic resistance from composted animal manure to soil may not be solely mediated through the application of live bacteria and highlight the need for further research into the mechanism of antibiotic resistance transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fadhel Abbas
- School of Science and TechnologyThe University of New EnglandArmidaleNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Phil Thomas
- School of Science and TechnologyThe University of New EnglandArmidaleNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Bianca Cully‐Duse
- School of Science and TechnologyThe University of New EnglandArmidaleNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Nicholas M. Andronicos
- School of Science and TechnologyThe University of New EnglandArmidaleNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Gal Winter
- School of Science and TechnologyThe University of New EnglandArmidaleNew South WalesAustralia
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21
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Borelbach P, Kopitzky R, Dahringer J, Gutmann P. Degradation Behavior of Biodegradable Man-Made Fibers in Natural Soil and in Compost. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:2959. [PMID: 37447604 DOI: 10.3390/polym15132959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
In open environment applications, fibers are increasingly being used that are expected to biodegrade in the soil after their desired service life. Biodegradable polymer fibers are a versatile alternative to natural fibers. In this study, the degradation behavior of fibers made from polylactic acid (PLA) and a polyhydroxy alkanoate (PHA) blend with PLA, as well as a bicomponent fiber (BICO) made from polybutylene succinate (PBS) and PLA, was investigated. The fibers were stored in topsoil at 23 °C for 12 weeks. In addition, fibers were stored in compost at 58 °C for 4 weeks to investigate the degradation behavior in an industrial composting plant. Reference materials were also stored without substrate under the same temperatures and humidity conditions. Samples were taken regularly, and mechanical testing, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), gel permeation chromatography (GPC), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and infrared spectroscopy (IR) were used to study the degradation of the fibers. After 12 weeks in soil at ambient temperatures, the PLA and BICO fibers showed no degradation. The PHA fibers showed cracks in SEM, a decrease in molecular weight, and changes in the IR spectrum. No evidence of biological influence (bacteria or fungi) was found. Under industrial composting conditions, all fibers showed a decrease in strength and molecular weight. For the BICO and the PHA fibers, the SEM images show significant changes. Especially in the PHA fibers, fungal mycelia can be seen. The studies provide a better insight into the processes involved in the degradation behavior under different environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pia Borelbach
- Fraunhofer Institut für Umwelt-, Sicherheits- und Energietechnik UMSICHT, 46047 Oberhausen, Germany
| | - Rodion Kopitzky
- Fraunhofer Institut für Umwelt-, Sicherheits- und Energietechnik UMSICHT, 46047 Oberhausen, Germany
| | - Jörg Dahringer
- Indorama Ventures Fibers Germany GmbH, 86399 Bobingen, Germany
| | - Patrick Gutmann
- Indorama Ventures Fibers Germany GmbH, 86399 Bobingen, Germany
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22
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Torres-Cuesta D, Mora-Motta D, Chavarro-Bermeo JP, Olaya-Montes A, Vargas-Garcia C, Bonilla R, Estrada-Bonilla G. Phosphate-Solubilizing Bacteria with Low-Solubility Fertilizer Improve Soil P Availability and Yield of Kikuyu Grass. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1748. [PMID: 37512920 PMCID: PMC10386154 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11071748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Inoculation with phosphate-solubilizing bacteria (PSB) and the application of phosphorus (P) sources can improve soil P availability, enhancing the sustainability and efficiency of agricultural systems. The implementation of this technology in perennial grasses, such as Kikuyu grass, for cattle feed in soils with high P retention, such as Andisols, has been little explored. The objective of this study was to evaluate the productive response of Kikuyu grass and soil P dynamics to BSF inoculation with different P sources. The experiment was conducted on a Kikuyu pasture, which was evaluated for 18 months (September 2020 to March 2022). Three P fertilizers with different solubility levels were applied: diammonium phosphate (DAP) (high-solubility), rock phosphate (RP), and compost (OM) (low-solubility). Moreover, the inoculation of a PSB consortium (Azospirillum brasilense D7, Rhizobium leguminosarum T88 and Herbaspirillum sp. AP21) was tested. Inoculation with PSB and fertilization with rock phosphate (RP) increased soil labile P and acid phosphomonoesterase activity. Increased grass yield and quality were related with higher soil inorganic P (Pi) availability. This study validated, under field conditions, the benefits of PSB inoculation for soil P availability and Kikuyu grass productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Torres-Cuesta
- Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria (AGROSAVIA)-Tibaitatá, km 14 via Mosquera, Mosquera 250047, Colombia
| | - Duber Mora-Motta
- Centro de Investigaciones Amazónicas Cimaz-Macagual, Universidad de la Amazonia, Florencia 180002, Colombia
| | - Juan P Chavarro-Bermeo
- Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria (AGROSAVIA)-Tibaitatá, km 14 via Mosquera, Mosquera 250047, Colombia
| | - Andres Olaya-Montes
- Departamento de Ciencias do Solo, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras 37200-000, Brazil
| | - Cesar Vargas-Garcia
- Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria (AGROSAVIA)-Tibaitatá, km 14 via Mosquera, Mosquera 250047, Colombia
| | - Ruth Bonilla
- Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria (AGROSAVIA)-Tibaitatá, km 14 via Mosquera, Mosquera 250047, Colombia
| | - German Estrada-Bonilla
- Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria (AGROSAVIA)-Tibaitatá, km 14 via Mosquera, Mosquera 250047, Colombia
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23
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El-Hefny M, Mohamed AA, Abdelkhalek A, Salem MZM. Productivity and Phytochemicals of Asclepias curassavica in Response to Compost and Silver Nanoparticles Application: HPLC Analysis and Antibacterial Activity of Extracts. Plants (Basel) 2023; 12:2274. [PMID: 37375900 DOI: 10.3390/plants12122274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
The application of compost and metallic nanoparticles has a significant impact on the productivity and chemical composition of horticulture plants. In two subsequent growing seasons, 2020 and 2021, the productivity of Asclepias curassavica L. plants treated with various concentrations of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and compost was assessed. In the pot experiments, the soil was amended with 25% or 50% compost, and the plants were sprayed with 10, 20, and 30 mg/L of AgNPs. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), and dynamic light scattering (DLS) were used to characterize AgNPs. The TEM measurements of AgNPs showed that the particles had spherical forms and ranged in size from roughly 5 to 16 nm. Leaf methanol extracts (LMEs) were prepared from the treated plants and assayed against the growth of two soft rot bacteria, Dickeya solani and Pectobacterium atrosepticum. The maximum plant height, diameter, number of branches/plant, total fresh weight (g), total dry weight (g), and leaf area (cm2) was recorded when levels of 25% compost + AgNPs 20 mg/L, 25% compost, or 50% + AgNPs 20 mg/L, 25% compost + AgNPs 30 mg/L or 50% compost + AgNPs 20 mg/L, 50% compost + AgNPs 20 mg/L, 50% compost + AgNPs 30 or 20 mg/L, and 25% compost + AgNPs 30 mg/L, respectively, were applied. The plants treated with 25% or 50% compost + 30 mg/L AgNPs showed a high chlorophyll content, while the plants treated with 50% compost + AgNPs 30 mg/L or 20 mg/L showed the highest extract percentages. The highest inhibition zones (IZs), 2.43 and 2.2 cm, against the growth of D. solani were observed in the LMEs (4000 mg/L) extracted from the plants treated with compost (v/v) + AgNPs (mg/L) at the levels of 50% + 30 and 25% + 30, respectively. The highest IZs, 2.76 and 2.73 cm, against the growth of P. atrosepticum were observed in the LMEs (4000 mg/L) extracted from the plants treated at the levels of 50% + 30 and 25% + 30, respectively. Several phenolic compounds such as syringic acid, p-coumaric acid, chlorogenic acid, cinnamic acid, ellagic acid, caffeic acid, benzoic acid, gallic acid, ferulic acid, salicylic acid, pyrogallol, and catechol, as well as flavonoid compounds such as 7-hydroxyflavone, naringin, rutin, apigenin, quercetin, kaempferol, luteolin, hesperidin, catechin, and chrysoeriol, were identified in the LMEs as analyzed by HPLC with different concentrations according to the treatment of compost + AgNPs used for the plants. In conclusion, the specific criteria that were utilized to measure the growth of A. curassavica revealed the novelty of compost and AgNPs combination treatments, particularly at a concentration of 50% compost + AgNPs 30 mg/L or 20 mg/L, which is better for the growth and phytochemical production of A. curassavica in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mervat El-Hefny
- Department of Floriculture, Ornamental Horticulture and Garden Design, Faculty of Agriculture (El-Shatby), Alexandria University, Alexandria 21545, Egypt
| | - Abeer A Mohamed
- Plant Pathology Institute, Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Alexandria 21616, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Abdelkhalek
- Plant Protection and Biomolecular Diagnosis Department, ALCRI, City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications, New Borg El Arab City 21934, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Z M Salem
- Forestry and Wood Technology Department, Faculty of Agriculture (El-Shatby), Alexandria University, Alexandria 21545, Egypt
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24
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Hutchinson M, Duc HM, Flory GA, Ngan PH, Son HM, Hoa TTK, Lan NT, Rozeboom DW, Remmenga MD, Vuolo M, Miknis R, Miller LP, Burns A, Flory R. Static Aerated Composting of African Swine Fever Virus-Infected Swine Carcasses with Rice Hulls and Sawdust. Pathogens 2023; 12:pathogens12050721. [PMID: 37242391 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12050721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Identifying and ensuring the inactivation of the African Swine Fever virus in deadstock is a gap in the swine industry's knowledge and response capabilities. The results of our study demonstrate that ASFv in deadstock was inactivated using static aerated composting as the carcass disposal method. Replicated compost piles with whole market hogs and two different carbon sources were constructed. In-situ bags containing ASFv-infected spleen tissue were placed alongside each of the carcasses and throughout the pile. The bags were extracted at days 0, 1, 3, 7, 14, 28, 56, and 144 for ASFv detection and isolation. Real-time PCR results showed that DNA of ASFv was detected in all samples tested on day 28. The virus concentration identified through virus isolation was found to be below the detection limit by day 3 in rice hulls and by day 7 in sawdust. Given the slope of the decay, near-zero concentration with 99.9% confidence occurred at 5.0 days in rice hulls and at 6.4 days in sawdust. Additionally, the result of virus isolation also showed that the virus in bone marrow samples collected at 28 days was inactivated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Hutchinson
- Maine Food and Agriculture Center, University of Maine Cooperative Extension, Orono, ME 04473, USA
| | - Hoang Minh Duc
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Vietnam National University of Agriculture Trau Quy, Gia Lam, Hanoi 12400, Vietnam
| | - Gary A Flory
- G.A. Flory Consulting, Mt. Crawford, VA 22841, USA
| | - Pham Hong Ngan
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Vietnam National University of Agriculture Trau Quy, Gia Lam, Hanoi 12400, Vietnam
| | - Hoang Minh Son
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Trau Quy, Gia Lam, Hanoi 12400, Vietnam
| | - Tran Thi Khanh Hoa
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Vietnam National University of Agriculture Trau Quy, Gia Lam, Hanoi 12400, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Thi Lan
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Trau Quy, Gia Lam, Hanoi 12400, Vietnam
| | - Dale W Rozeboom
- Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Marta D Remmenga
- Center for Epidemiolgy and Animal Health, Veterinary Service, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Services, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Fort Collins, CO 80526, USA
| | - Matthew Vuolo
- Center for Epidemiolgy and Animal Health, Veterinary Service, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Services, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Fort Collins, CO 80526, USA
| | - Robert Miknis
- Center for Epidemiolgy and Animal Health, Veterinary Service, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Services, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Fort Collins, CO 80526, USA
| | - Lori P Miller
- Center for Epidemiolgy and Animal Health, Veterinary Service, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Services, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Fort Collins, CO 80526, USA
| | - Amira Burns
- Department of Statistics, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Renée Flory
- English Department, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
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25
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Wyszkowski M, Kordala N. Applicability of Compost and Mineral Materials for Reducing the Effect of Diesel Oil on Trace Element Content in Soil. Materials (Basel) 2023; 16:ma16103655. [PMID: 37241282 DOI: 10.3390/ma16103655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Petroleum-derived substances have become the factor adversely affecting the soil quality and, also, crop production. However, the ability to immobilise contaminants is limited in anthropogenically altered soils. Therefore, a study was undertaken to evaluate the effects of soil contamination with diesel oil (0, 2.5, 5 and 10 cm3 kg-1) on the contents of trace elements in the soil and determine the suitability of different neutralising materials (compost, bentonite and calcium oxide) for the in situ stabilisation of soil contaminated with this petroleum derivative. In the soil contaminated with the highest dose of diesel oil (10 cm3 kg-1), a decrease in chromium, zinc and cobalt and an increase in the total nickel, iron and cadmium concentrations were found in the series without the addition of neutralising materials. Remediation with compost and mineral materials contributed to a significant reduction of nickel and iron, as well as cobalt, in soil (calcium oxide only). All materials used contributed to an increase in cadmium, chromium, manganese and copper in the soil. The above-mentioned materials (most notably calcium oxide) can be successfully used to reduce the effect of diesel oil on the contents of some trace elements in soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirosław Wyszkowski
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Chemistry, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Łódzki 4 Sq., 10-727 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Natalia Kordala
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Chemistry, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Łódzki 4 Sq., 10-727 Olsztyn, Poland
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26
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Sarathchandra SS, Rengel Z, Solaiman ZM. A Review on Remediation of Iron Ore Mine Tailings via Organic Amendments Coupled with Phytoremediation. Plants (Basel) 2023; 12:plants12091871. [PMID: 37176929 PMCID: PMC10181287 DOI: 10.3390/plants12091871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 04/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Mining operations degrade natural ecosystems by generating a large quantity of mine tailings. Mine tailings remain in dams/open ponds without further treatment after valuable metals such as iron ore have been extracted. Therefore, rehabilitation of tailings to mitigate the negative environmental impacts is of the utmost necessity. This review compares existing physical, chemical and amendment-assisted phytoremediation methods in the rehabilitation of mine tailings from the perspective of cost, reliability and durability. After review and discussion, it is concluded that amendment-assisted phytoremediation has received comparatively great attention; however, the selection of an appropriate phytoremediator is the critical step in the process. Moreover, the efficiency of phytoremediation is solely dependent on the amendment type and rate. Further, the application of advanced plant improvement technologies, such as genetically engineered plants produced for this purpose, would be an alternative solution. Further research is needed to determine the suitability of this method for the particular environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajeevee S Sarathchandra
- UWA School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
- The UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Zed Rengel
- UWA School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
- The UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Zakaria M Solaiman
- UWA School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
- The UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
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27
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Soussani FE, Boutasknit A, Ben-Laouane R, Benkirane R, Baslam M, Meddich A. Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi and Compost-Based Biostimulants Enhance Fitness, Physiological Responses, Yield, and Quality Traits of Drought-Stressed Tomato Plants. Plants (Basel) 2023; 12:plants12091856. [PMID: 37176914 PMCID: PMC10180964 DOI: 10.3390/plants12091856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Climate change-driven water resource constraints cause tomatoes to suffer from drought. The use of biostimulants has emerged as an important approach to enhancing resilience to drought. However, the roles of biostimulants in the physicochemical characteristics of tomatoes in response to drought are poorly understood. In this study, we evaluated the ability of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and compost (versus NPK application) to improve the agro-physiology, yield, and fruit quality of tomato plants and their tolerance to drought by comparing them with conventional chemical fertilizers (NPK). Under drought conditions, plant growth traits associated with yield and fruit bioactive compounds (carotenoids: 73%; lycopene: 53%; polyphenols: 310%; and flavonoids: 158%) were increased in the AMF-tomato treatment. Compost significantly enhanced sugars (ca. 60%) and protein contents (ca. 20%). Moreover, AMF protected the photosynthetic apparatus from drought-induced oxidative stress, improved photosynthetic efficiency, leaf water potential, and osmolytes, and reduced malondialdehyde (MDA) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) accumulation by increasing peroxidase (POX) (140%) and polyphenol oxidase (PPO) (340%) activities compared to their controls. Our findings revealed that NPK is an important nutrient-based fertilizer for plant growth and development. However, its efficiency as a fertilizer is quite low. In addition, we highlighted different mechanisms mediated by AMF and compost, inducing drought tolerance in tomato plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatima Ezzahra Soussani
- Center of Agrobiotechnology and Bioengineering, Research Unit Labelled CNRST (Centre AgroBiotech-URL-CNRST-05), "Physiology of Abiotic Stresses" Team, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakesh 40000, Morocco
- Laboratory of Agro-Food, Biotechnologies and Valorization of Plant Bioresources (AGROBIOVAL), Department of Biology, Faculty of Science Semlalia, Cadi Ayyad University (UCA), Marrakesh 40000, Morocco
- Laboratory of Plant, Animal, and Agro-Industry Productions, Faculty of Science, University Ibn Toufail, Kenitra 14000, Morocco
| | - Abderrahim Boutasknit
- Center of Agrobiotechnology and Bioengineering, Research Unit Labelled CNRST (Centre AgroBiotech-URL-CNRST-05), "Physiology of Abiotic Stresses" Team, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakesh 40000, Morocco
- Laboratory of Agro-Food, Biotechnologies and Valorization of Plant Bioresources (AGROBIOVAL), Department of Biology, Faculty of Science Semlalia, Cadi Ayyad University (UCA), Marrakesh 40000, Morocco
| | - Raja Ben-Laouane
- Center of Agrobiotechnology and Bioengineering, Research Unit Labelled CNRST (Centre AgroBiotech-URL-CNRST-05), "Physiology of Abiotic Stresses" Team, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakesh 40000, Morocco
- Laboratory of Agro-Food, Biotechnologies and Valorization of Plant Bioresources (AGROBIOVAL), Department of Biology, Faculty of Science Semlalia, Cadi Ayyad University (UCA), Marrakesh 40000, Morocco
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Techniques, BP. 509, Boutalamine, Errachidia 52000, Morocco
| | - Rachid Benkirane
- Laboratory of Plant, Animal, and Agro-Industry Productions, Faculty of Science, University Ibn Toufail, Kenitra 14000, Morocco
| | - Marouane Baslam
- Center of Agrobiotechnology and Bioengineering, Research Unit Labelled CNRST (Centre AgroBiotech-URL-CNRST-05), "Physiology of Abiotic Stresses" Team, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakesh 40000, Morocco
- Laboratory of Agro-Food, Biotechnologies and Valorization of Plant Bioresources (AGROBIOVAL), Department of Biology, Faculty of Science Semlalia, Cadi Ayyad University (UCA), Marrakesh 40000, Morocco
| | - Abdelilah Meddich
- Center of Agrobiotechnology and Bioengineering, Research Unit Labelled CNRST (Centre AgroBiotech-URL-CNRST-05), "Physiology of Abiotic Stresses" Team, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakesh 40000, Morocco
- Laboratory of Agro-Food, Biotechnologies and Valorization of Plant Bioresources (AGROBIOVAL), Department of Biology, Faculty of Science Semlalia, Cadi Ayyad University (UCA), Marrakesh 40000, Morocco
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28
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Tie J, Qiao Y, Jin N, Gao X, Liu Y, Lyu J, Zhang G, Hu L, Yu J. Yield and Rhizosphere Soil Environment of Greenhouse Zucchini in Response to Different Planting and Breeding Waste Composts. Microorganisms 2023; 11:microorganisms11041026. [PMID: 37110447 PMCID: PMC10143665 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11041026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Composting, planting, and breeding waste for return to the field is the most crucial soil improvement method under the resource utilization of agricultural waste. However, how the vegetable yield and rhizosphere soil environment respond to different composts is still unknown. Therefore, eight formulations were designed for compost fermentation using agricultural waste [sheep manure (SM), tail vegetable (TV), cow manure (CM), mushroom residue (MR), and corn straw (CS)] without fertilizer (CK1) and local commercial organic fertilizer (CK2) as controls to study the yield and rhizosphere soil environment of greenhouse zucchini in response to different planting and breeding waste compost. Applying planting and breeding waste compost significantly increased the soil's organic matter and nutrient content. It inhibited soil acidification, which T4 (SM:TV:CS = 6:3:1) and T7 (SM:TV:MR:CS = 6:2:1:1) treatments affected significantly. Compared to CK2 treatment, T4 and T7 treatments showed a greater increase, with a significant increase of 14.69% and 11.01%, respectively. Therefore, T4, T7, and two control treatments were selected for high-throughput sequencing based on yield performance. Compared with the CK1 treatment, although multiple applications of chemical fertilizers led to a decrease in bacterial and fungal richness, planting and breeding waste compost maintained bacterial diversity and enhanced fungal diversity. Compared to CK2, the relative abundance increased in T7-treated Proteobacteria (Sphingomonas, Pseudomonas, and Lysobacter) and T4-treated Bacteroidetes (Flavobacterium) among bacteria. An increase in T4-treated Ascomycota (Zopfiella and Fusarium) and Basidiomycota among fungi and a decrease in T7-treated Mortierellomycota have been observed. Functional predictions of the bacterial Tax4Fun and fungal FUNGuild revealed that applying planting and breeding waste compost from the T4 treatment significantly increased the abundance of soil bacterial Metabolism of Cities, Genetic Information Processing, and Cellular Processes decreased the abundance of Pathotroph and Saprotroph-Symbiotroph fungi and increased the abundance of Saprotroph fungi. Overall, planting and breeding waste compost increased zucchini yield by improving soil fertility and microbial community structure. Among them, T4 treatment has the most significant effect, so T4 treatment can be selected as the optimized formulation of local commercial organic fertilizer. These findings have valuable implications for sustainable agricultural development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianzhong Tie
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Yali Qiao
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Ning Jin
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Xueqin Gao
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Yayu Liu
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Jian Lyu
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
- Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Arid Land Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Guobin Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
- Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Arid Land Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Linli Hu
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
- Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Arid Land Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Jihua Yu
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
- Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Arid Land Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
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Omirou M, Fasoula D, Stylianou M, Zorpas AA, Ioannides IM. N-Source Determines Barley Productivity, Nutrient Accumulation, and Grain Quality in Cyprus Rainfed Agricultural Systems. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2023; 20:3943. [PMID: 36900954 PMCID: PMC10001598 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20053943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The Eastern Mediterranean and Middle East (EMME) region is already experiencing the negative effects of increased temperatures and the increase in prolonged drought periods. The use of organic fertilization could be a valuable tool to meet the main challenges of climate change and maintain the productivity, quality, and sustainability of rainfed agricultural ecosystems. In the current study, we compare the effect of manure, compost, and chemical fertilization (NH4NO3) on barley grain and straw yield in a field study for three consecutive growing seasons. The hypothesis that the barley productivity, nutrient accumulation, and grain quality remain similar among the different nutrient management strategies was tested. The results showed that both growing season and type of nutrient source significantly affected barley grain and straw yield (F6,96 = 13.57, p < 0.01). The lowest productivity was noticed in the non-fertilized plots while chemical and organic fertilization exhibited similar grain yield, ranging from 2 to 3.4 t/ha throughout the growing seasons. For straw, the use of compost had no effect on the yield in any of the growing seasons examined. The use of manure and compost had a significant effect on grain macro- and micronutrient content but this was highly related to growing season. Principal component analysis (PCA) clearly demonstrated the discrimination of the different type of fertilization on barley performance during the course of the study, while the application of compost was highly associated with an increase in micronutrients in grain samples. Furthermore, structural equational modeling (SEM) showed that both chemical and organic fertilization had a direct positive effect on macro- (r = 0.44, p < 0.01) and micronutrient (r = 0.88, p < 0.01) content of barley grain and a positive indirect effect on barley productivity through N accumulation in grain (β = 0.15, p = 0.007). The current study showed that barley grain and straw yield was similar between manure and NH4NO3 treatments, while compost exhibited a residual positive effect causing an increase in grain yield during the growing season. The results highlight that N fertilization under rainfed conditions is beneficial to barley productivity through its indirect effects on N accumulation in grain and straw, while it improves grain quality through the increased accumulation of micronutrients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michalis Omirou
- Department of Agrobiotechnology, Agricultural Research Institute, P.O. Box 22016, Nicosia 1516, Cyprus
| | - Dionysia Fasoula
- Department of Plant Breeding, Agricultural Research Institute, P.O. Box 22016, Nicosia 1516, Cyprus
| | - Marinos Stylianou
- Laboratory of Chemical Engineering and Engineering Sustainability, Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, Open University of Cyprus, Giannou Kranidioti 89, Latsia, Nicosia 2231, Cyprus
| | - Antonis A. Zorpas
- Laboratory of Chemical Engineering and Engineering Sustainability, Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, Open University of Cyprus, Giannou Kranidioti 89, Latsia, Nicosia 2231, Cyprus
| | - Ioannis M. Ioannides
- Department of Agrobiotechnology, Agricultural Research Institute, P.O. Box 22016, Nicosia 1516, Cyprus
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Yang H, Lee J, Cho KS. Dynamics of Functional Genes and Bacterial Community during Bioremediation of Diesel-Contaminated Soil Amended with Compost. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 33:1-14. [PMID: 36788462 DOI: 10.4014/jmb.1210.10038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
Compost is widely used as an organic additive to improve the bioremediation of dieselcontaminated soil. In this study, the effects of compost amendment on the remediation performance, functional genes, and bacterial community are evaluated during the bioremediation of diesel-contaminated soils with various ratios of compost (0-20%, w/w). The study reveals that the diesel removal efficiency, soil enzyme (dehydrogenase and urease) activity, soil CH4 oxidation potential, and soil N2O reduction potential have a positive correlation with the compost amendment (p < 0.05). The ratios of denitrifying genes (nosZI, cnorB and qnorB) to 16S rRNA genes each show a positive correlation with compost amendment, whereas the ratio of the CH4-oxidizing gene (pmoA) to the 16S rRNA genes shows a negative correlation. Interestingly, the genera Acidibacter, Blastochloris, Erythrobacter, Hyphomicrobium, Marinobacter, Parvibaculum, Pseudoxanthomonas, and Terrimonas are strongly associated with diesel degradation, and have a strong positive correlation with soil CH4 oxidation potential. Meanwhile, the genera Atopostipes, Bacillus, Halomonas, Oblitimonas, Pusillimonas, Truepera, and Wenahouziangella are found to be strongly associated with soil N2O reduction potential. These results provide useful data for developing technologies that improve diesel removal efficiency while minimizing greenhouse gas emissions in the bioremediation process of diesel-contaminated soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyoju Yang
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiho Lee
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Suk Cho
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
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31
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Yang H, Lee J, Cho KS. Dynamics of Functional Genes and Bacterial Community during Bioremediation of Diesel-Contaminated Soil Amended with Compost. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 33:471-484. [PMID: 36788462 PMCID: PMC10164733 DOI: 10.4014/jmb.2210.10038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
Compost is widely used as an organic additive to improve the bioremediation of dieselcontaminated soil. In this study, the effects of compost amendment on the remediation performance, functional genes, and bacterial community are evaluated during the bioremediation of diesel-contaminated soils with various ratios of compost (0-20%, w/w). The study reveals that the diesel removal efficiency, soil enzyme (dehydrogenase and urease) activity, soil CH4 oxidation potential, and soil N2O reduction potential have a positive correlation with the compost amendment (p < 0.05). The ratios of denitrifying genes (nosZI, cnorB and qnorB) to 16S rRNA genes each show a positive correlation with compost amendment, whereas the ratio of the CH4-oxidizing gene (pmoA) to the 16S rRNA genes shows a negative correlation. Interestingly, the genera Acidibacter, Blastochloris, Erythrobacter, Hyphomicrobium, Marinobacter, Parvibaculum, Pseudoxanthomonas, and Terrimonas are strongly associated with diesel degradation, and have a strong positive correlation with soil CH4 oxidation potential. Meanwhile, the genera Atopostipes, Bacillus, Halomonas, Oblitimonas, Pusillimonas, Truepera, and Wenahouziangella are found to be strongly associated with soil N2O reduction potential. These results provide useful data for developing technologies that improve diesel removal efficiency while minimizing greenhouse gas emissions in the bioremediation process of diesel-contaminated soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyoju Yang
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiho Lee
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Suk Cho
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
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Silva AC, Rocha P, Geraldo D, Cunha A, Antelo J, Pinheiro JP, Fiol S, Bento F. Developing a Compost Quality Index (CQI) Based on the Electrochemical Quantification of Cd (HA) Reactivity. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28031503. [PMID: 36771168 PMCID: PMC9919838 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28031503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The present work demonstrates the use of Cd2+ as a reactivity probe of the fulvic acids (FAs), humic acids (HAs) and dissolved organic matter (DOM) compost extracts. Significant differences were observed between the extracts, with the HA extract showing the highest reactivity. Comparing the different composts, the largest reactivity variation was again observed for HA then FA and finally DOM extracts. The Cd2+ binding extent was used to calculate the quality of composts and compared with a reference of uncomposted organic fertiliser (FLW), leading to the definition of an operational scale of compost quality. The parameter equivalent mass of fertiliser (mEF) was used for this scale sorted the seven composts from 0.353 to 1.09 kg FLW, for compost of sewage sludge (CSS) and vermicompost of domestic waste (CVDW), respectively. The significance of this parameter was verified through a correlation analysis between binding extent and the effect of compost application on lettuce crop growth in a field trial. The results demonstrate the potentiality of FA and HA extracts as markers of compost bioactivity and the use of Cd2+ as a reactivity probe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana C. Silva
- Department of Chemistry, Centre of Chemistry, Campus Gualtar, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- CRETUS, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Pedro Rocha
- Department of Chemistry, Centre of Chemistry, Campus Gualtar, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Dulce Geraldo
- Department of Chemistry, Centre of Chemistry, Campus Gualtar, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Ana Cunha
- Department of Biology, Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology (CBMA), Campus de Gualtar, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Juan Antelo
- CRETUS, Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - José P. Pinheiro
- Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Environnements Continentaux (LIEC), Université de Lorraine/ CNRS, UMR 7360, F54501 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Sarah Fiol
- CRETUS, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Fátima Bento
- Department of Chemistry, Centre of Chemistry, Campus Gualtar, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- Correspondence:
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Petrikovszki R, Tóth F, Nagy PI. Aqueous Extracts of Organic Mulch Materials Have Nematicide and Repellent Effect on Meloidogyne incognita Infective Juveniles: A Laboratory Study. J Nematol 2023; 55:20230037. [PMID: 37664002 PMCID: PMC10473840 DOI: 10.2478/jofnem-2023-0037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
While the nematicidal effectiveness of mulching against root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) is calculated within organic crop protection, underlying mechanisms are not yet fully explored. Laboratory experiments were set up to determine whether mulch-derived substances cause mortality directly, or repel Meloidogyne juveniles from crop rhizosphere. Mortality and area choice tests were conducted with mulch-derived extracts, supported by the measurements on tannic acid content and the pH values of extracts as supplementary examinations. In our study, leaf litter and straw extracts were generally found lethal to the juveniles, which is in line with the results from area preference tests. However, compost extract had no effect on Meloidogyne incognita juveniles. Tannic acid content showed positive correlation with mortality only in the case of straw and sycamore leaf litter extracts. Tannic acid and pH weakly correlated with repellent effect of the applied extracts generally. Our results have inspired further experiments to explore nematicidal components of leaf litters, contributing to the development of a new approach in crop protection based on the repellent effect of these materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renáta Petrikovszki
- Department of Zoology and Ecology, Institute for Wildlife Management and Nature Conservation, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, H-2100, Páter Károly u. 1., Gödöllő, Hungary
| | - Ferenc Tóth
- Research Institute of Organic Agriculture, H-1033, Miklós tér 1., Budapest, Hungary
| | - Péter I Nagy
- Department of Zoology and Ecology, Institute for Wildlife Management and Nature Conservation, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, H-2100, Páter Károly u. 1., Gödöllő, Hungary
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34
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Bhatia L, Jha H, Sarkar T, Sarangi PK. Food Waste Utilization for Reducing Carbon Footprints towards Sustainable and Cleaner Environment: A Review. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2023; 20:ijerph20032318. [PMID: 36767685 PMCID: PMC9916134 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20032318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 01/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
There is world-wide generation of food waste daily in significant amounts, leading to depletion of natural resources and deteriorating air quality. One-third of global food produced is wasted laterally with the food value chain. Carbon footprint is an efficient way of communicating the issues related to climate change and the necessity of changing behavior. Valorization or utilization of food wastes helps in resolving issues related to environment pollution. Reduction in the carbon footprint throughout the chain of food supply makes the whole process eco-friendly. Prevailing food waste disposal systems focus on their economic and environmental viability and are putting efforts into using food waste as a resource input to agriculture. Effective and advanced waste management systems are adopted to deal with massive waste production so as to fill the gap between the production and management of waste disposal. Food waste biorefineries are a sustainable, eco-friendly, and cost-effective approach for the production of platform chemicals, biofuels, and other bio-based materials. These materials not only provide sustainable resources for producing various chemicals and materials but have the potential to reduce this huge environmental burden significantly. In this regard, technological advancement has occurred in past few years that has proven suitable for tackling this problem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Latika Bhatia
- Department of Microbiology & Bioinformatics, Atal Bihari Vajpayee University, Bilaspur 495001, India
| | - Harit Jha
- Department of Biotechnology, Guru Ghasidas University, Bilaspur 495009, India
| | - Tanushree Sarkar
- Department of Biotechnology, Guru Ghasidas University, Bilaspur 495009, India
| | - Prakash Kumar Sarangi
- College of Agriculture, Central Agricultural University, Imphal 795004, India
- Correspondence:
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35
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Werner KA, Feyen L, Hübner T, Brüggemann N, Prost K, Grohmann E. Fate of Horizontal-Gene-Transfer Markers and Beta-Lactamase Genes during Thermophilic Composting of Human Excreta. Microorganisms 2023; 11. [PMID: 36838273 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11020308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Thermophilic composting is a suitable treatment for the recycling of organic wastes for agriculture. However, using human excreta as feedstock for composting raises concerns about antibiotic resistances. We analyzed samples from the start and end of a thermophilic composting trial of human excreta, together with green cuttings and straw, with and without biochar. Beta-lactamase genes blaCTX-M, blaIMP, and blaTEM conferring resistance to broad-spectrum beta-lactam antibiotics, as well as horizontal gene transfer marker genes, intI1 and korB, were quantified using qPCR. We found low concentrations of the beta-lactamase genes in all samples, with non-significant mean decreases in blaCTX-M and blaTEM copy numbers and a mean increase in blaIMP copy numbers. The decrease in both intI1 and korB genes from start to end of composting indicated that thermophilic composting can decrease the horizontal spread of resistance genes. Thus, thermophilic composting can be a suitable treatment for the recycling of human excreta.
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Ghouili E, Sassi K, Hidri Y, M’Hamed HC, Somenahally A, Xue Q, Jebara M, Nefissi Ouertani R, Riahi J, de Oliveira AC, Abid G, Muhovski Y. Effects of Date Palm Waste Compost Application on Root Proteome Changes of Barley ( Hordeum vulgare L.). Plants (Basel) 2023; 12:526. [PMID: 36771612 PMCID: PMC9921465 DOI: 10.3390/plants12030526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2022] [Revised: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Proteomic analysis was performed to investigate the differentially abundant proteins (DAPs) in barley roots during the tillering stage. Bioinformatic tools were used to interpret the biological function, the pathway analysis and the visualisation of the network amongst the identified proteins. A total of 72 DAPs (33 upregulated and 39 downregulated) among a total of 2580 proteins were identified in response to compost treatment, suggesting multiple pathways of primary and secondary metabolism, such as carbohydrates and energy metabolism, phenylpropanoid pathway, glycolysis pathway, protein synthesis and degradation, redox homeostasis, RNA processing, stress response, cytoskeleton organisation, and phytohormone metabolic pathways. The expression of DAPs was further validated by qRT-PCR. The effects on barley plant development, such as the promotion of root growth and biomass increase, were associated with a change in energy metabolism and protein synthesis. The activation of enzymes involved in redox homeostasis and the regulation of stress response proteins suggest a protective effect of compost, consequently improving barley growth and stress acclimation through the reduction of the environmental impact of productive agriculture. Overall, these results may facilitate a better understanding of the molecular mechanism of compost-promoted plant growth and provide valuable information for the identification of critical genes/proteins in barley as potential targets of compost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emna Ghouili
- Laboratory of Legumes and Sustainable Agrosystems, Centre of Biotechnology of Borj-Cedria, (L2AD, CBBC), P.O. Box 901, Hammam-Lif 2050, Tunisia
| | - Khaled Sassi
- Laboratory of Agronomy, National Agronomy Institute of Tunisia (INAT), University of Carthage, Avenue Charles Nicolle, Tunis-Mahrajène, P.O. Box 43, Tunis 1082, Tunisia
| | - Yassine Hidri
- Laboratory of Integrated Olive Production in the Humid, Sub-humid and Semi-arid Region (LR16IO3), Olive Tree Institute, Cité Mahragène, P.O. Box 208, Tunis 1082, Tunisia
| | - Hatem Cheikh M’Hamed
- Agronomy Laboratory, National Institute of Agronomic Research of Tunis (INRAT), Carthage University, Hedi Karray Street, Ariana 2049, Tunisia
| | - Anil Somenahally
- Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, Texas A&M University, 370 Olsen Blvd, College Station, TX 77843-2474, USA
| | - Qingwu Xue
- Texas A&M AgriLife Research and Extension Center, Amarillo, TX 79403-6603, USA
| | - Moez Jebara
- Laboratory of Legumes and Sustainable Agrosystems, Centre of Biotechnology of Borj-Cedria, (L2AD, CBBC), P.O. Box 901, Hammam-Lif 2050, Tunisia
| | - Rim Nefissi Ouertani
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Centre of Biotechnology of Borj Cedria, P.O. Box 901, Hammam-Lif 2050, Tunisia
| | - Jouhaina Riahi
- Laboratory of Agronomy, National Agronomy Institute of Tunisia (INAT), University of Carthage, Avenue Charles Nicolle, Tunis-Mahrajène, P.O. Box 43, Tunis 1082, Tunisia
| | - Ana Caroline de Oliveira
- Biological Engineering Unit, Department of Life Sciences, Walloon Agricultural Research Centre, Chaussée de Charleroi, P.O. Box 234, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Ghassen Abid
- Laboratory of Legumes and Sustainable Agrosystems, Centre of Biotechnology of Borj-Cedria, (L2AD, CBBC), P.O. Box 901, Hammam-Lif 2050, Tunisia
| | - Yordan Muhovski
- Biological Engineering Unit, Department of Life Sciences, Walloon Agricultural Research Centre, Chaussée de Charleroi, P.O. Box 234, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium
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Shamugam S, Kertesz MA. Bacterial interactions with the mycelium of the cultivated edible mushrooms Agaricus bisporus and Pleurotus ostreatus. J Appl Microbiol 2023; 134:6908764. [PMID: 36626759 DOI: 10.1093/jambio/lxac018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The cultivated edible mushrooms Agaricus bisporus and Pleurotus ostreatus are valuable food crops and an important source of human nutrition. Agaricus bisporus is the dominant cultivated species in the western hemisphere and in Australia, while in Asian countries P. ostreatus is more prevalent. These two mushroom species are grown on fermented-pasteurized substrates, and bacteria and fungi play an important role in converting feedstocks into a selective medium for the mushroom mycelium. The mushrooms are usually introduced to the substrate as grain spawn, and the actively growing hyphae form a range of direct interactions with the diverse bacterial community in the substrate. Of these interactions, the most well studied is the removal of inhibitory volatile C8 compounds and ethylene by pseudomonads, which promotes mycelium growth and stimulates primordia formation of both A. bisporus and P. ostreatus. Bacterial biomass in the substrate is a significant nutrition source for the A. bisporus mycelium, both directly through bacteriolytic enzymes produced by A. bisporus, and indirectly through the action of extracellular bacterial enzymes, but this is less well studied for P. ostreatus. Apart from their role as a food source for the growing mycelium, bacteria also form extensive interactions with the mycelium of A. bisporus and P. ostreatus, by means other than those of the removal of inhibitory compounds. Although several of these interactions have been observed to promote mycelial growth, the proposed mechanisms of growth promotion by specific bacterial strains remain largely uncertain, and at times conflicting. Bacterial interactions also elicit varying growth-inhibitory responses from A. bisporus and P. ostreatus. This review explores characterized interactions involving bacteria and A. bisporus, and to a lesser degree P.ostreatus, and whilst doing so identifies existing research gaps and emphasizes directions for future work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivaghami Shamugam
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Michael A Kertesz
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
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Li QQ, Zhu ZR, Liu QG, An YT, Wang YX, Zhang SB, Li G. Characterization of a novel thermostable alkaline lipase derived from a compost metagenomic library and its potential application in the detergent industry. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1088581. [PMID: 36620038 PMCID: PMC9817002 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1088581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Using composted soil samples, a metagenomic library consisting of 36,000 clones was constructed. Then, a novel lipase, Lip54q, which belongs to the VIII family of lipolytic enzymes, was identified from the metagenomic library by functional screening. To explore the enzymatic properties of Lip54q, lip54q was heterologous expressed in Escherichia coli with a high expression level of recombinant protein up to 720 mg/L. The recombinant enzyme showed the highest activity (28,160 U/mg) against a C10 substrate at pH 9.0 and 47°C, and was stable at temperatures ≤50°C and pH 8.0-11.0. Of particular interest, the surfactants, Tween-20, Tween-80 and Tritonx-100, exhibited strong promoting effects on Lip54q activities regardless of whether low concentrations (0.1%) or high concentrations (10%) were used. Application studies of Lip54q using six commercial detergents indicated that the enzyme had strong tolerance and immersion resistance to all six detergents. The results of oil-stain removal experiments suggested that addition of the enzyme to various commercial detergents could significantly improve the abilities of these detergents to remove oil-stains. Furthermore, the results of a molecular docking analysis of Lip54q showed that both the C10 substrate and linoleic acid molecules could form hydrogen bond interactions with the catalytic amino acids, Ser-268, Glu-168, and Asp-192, in the catalytic center of the enzyme, and the hydrogen bond distances were shorter. The electrostatic attraction between the enzyme and the substrate formed by the hydrogen bond with a shorter distance is stronger, which is conducive to the formation of a more stable complex between the enzyme and the substrate, thus increasing the activity of the enzyme to such substrate. These results 1ay a good foundation for application of this enzyme in the detergent industry in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Qing Li
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zi-Ran Zhu
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qing-Gang Liu
- Guang Zhou Liby Enterprise Group Co., Ltd., Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu-Ting An
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yi-Xiang Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shu-Bin Zhang
- Guang Zhou Liby Enterprise Group Co., Ltd., Guangzhou, China
| | - Gang Li
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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39
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Pfohl P, Bahl D, Rückel M, Wagner M, Meyer L, Bolduan P, Battagliarin G, Hüffer T, Zumstein M, Hofmann T, Wohlleben W. Effect of Polymer Properties on the Biodegradation of Polyurethane Microplastics. Environ Sci Technol 2022; 56:16873-16884. [PMID: 36394826 PMCID: PMC9731262 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c05602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The release of fragments from plastic products, that is, secondary microplastics, is a major concern in the context of the global plastic pollution. Currently available (thermoplastic) polyurethanes [(T)PU] are not biodegradable and therefore should be recycled. However, the ester bond in (T)PUs might be sufficiently hydrolysable to enable at least partial biodegradation of polyurethane particles. Here, we investigated biodegradation in compost of different types of (T)PU to gain insights into their fragmentation and biodegradation mechanisms. The studied (T)PUs varied regarding the chemistry of their polymer backbone (aromatic/aliphatic), hard phase content, cross-linking degree, and presence of a hydrolysis-stabilizing additive. We developed and validated an efficient and non-destructive polymer particle extraction process for partially biodegraded (T)PUs based on ultrasonication and density separation. Our results showed that biodegradation rates and extents decreased with increasing cross-linking density and hard-segment content. We found that the presence of a hydrolysis stabilizer reduced (T)PU fragmentation while not affecting the conversion of (T)PU carbon into CO2. We propose a biodegradation mechanism for (T)PUs that includes both mother particle shrinkage by surface erosion and fragmentation. The presented results help to understand structure-degradation relationships of (T)PUs and support recycling strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrizia Pfohl
- BASF
SE, Carl-Bosch-Str. 38, 67056 Ludwigshafen, Germany
- Centre
for Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science, University of Vienna, Josef-Holaubek-Platz 2, Vienna 1090, Austria
- Doctoral
School in Microbiology and Environmental Science, University of Vienna, Vienna 1030, Austria
| | - Daniel Bahl
- BASF
SE, Carl-Bosch-Str. 38, 67056 Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - Markus Rückel
- BASF
SE, Carl-Bosch-Str. 38, 67056 Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - Marion Wagner
- BASF
SE, Carl-Bosch-Str. 38, 67056 Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - Lars Meyer
- BASF
SE, Carl-Bosch-Str. 38, 67056 Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | | | | | - Thorsten Hüffer
- Centre
for Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science, University of Vienna, Josef-Holaubek-Platz 2, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Michael Zumstein
- Centre
for Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science, University of Vienna, Josef-Holaubek-Platz 2, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Thilo Hofmann
- Centre
for Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science, University of Vienna, Josef-Holaubek-Platz 2, Vienna 1090, Austria
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Mayer A, Silver WL. The climate change mitigation potential of annual grasslands under future climates. Ecol Appl 2022; 32:e2705. [PMID: 35808918 DOI: 10.1002/eap.2705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Composted manure and green waste amendments have been shown to increase net carbon (C) sequestration in rangeland soils and have been proposed as a means to help lower atmospheric CO2 concentrations. However, the effect of climate change on soil organic C (SOC) stocks and greenhouse gas emissions in rangelands is not well understood, and the viability of climate change mitigation strategies under future conditions is even less certain. We used a process-based biogeochemical model (DayCent) at a daily time step to explore the long-term effects of potential future climate changes on C and greenhouse gas dynamics in annual grassland ecosystems. We then used the model to explore how the same ecosystems might respond to climate change following compost amendments to soils and determined the long-term viability of net SOC sequestration under changing climates. We simulated net primary productivity (NPP), SOC, and greenhouse gas fluxes across seven California annual grasslands with and without compost amendments. We drove the DayCent simulations with field data and with site-specific daily climate data from two Earth system models (CanESM2 and HadGEM-ES) and two representative concentration pathways (RCP4.5 and RCP8.5) through 2100. NPP and SOC stocks in unamended and amended ecosystems were surprisingly insensitive to projected climate changes. A one-time amendment of compost to rangeland acted as a slow-release organic fertilizer and increased NPP by up to 390-814 kg C ha-1 year-1 across sites. The amendment effect on NPP was not sensitive to Earth system model or emissions scenario and endured through the end of the century. Net SOC sequestration amounted to 1.96 ± 0.02 Mg C ha-1 relative to unamended soils at the maximum amendment effect. Averaged across sites and scenarios, SOC sequestration peaked 22 ± 1 years after amendment and declined but remained positive throughout the century. Though compost stimulated nitrous oxide (N2 O) emissions, the cumulative net emissions (in CO2 equivalents) due to compost were far less than the amount of SOC sequestered. Compost amendments resulted in a net climate benefit of 69.6 ± 0.5 Tg CO2 e 20 ± 1 years after amendment if applied to similar ecosystems across the state, amounting to 39% of California's rangeland. These results suggest that the biogeochemical benefits of a single amendment of compost to rangelands in California are insensitive to climate change and could contribute to decadal-scale climate change mitigation goals alongside emissions reductions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allegra Mayer
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
- Center for Accelerator Mass Spectrometry, Lawrence Livermore National Lab, Livermore, California, USA
| | - Whendee L Silver
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
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Gondek K, Micek P, Mierzwa-Hersztek M, Kowal J, Andres K, Szczurowska K, Lis M, Smoroń K. Effects of Functionalized Materials and Bacterial Metabolites on Quality Indicators in Composts. Materials (Basel) 2022; 15:8564. [PMID: 36500059 PMCID: PMC9739554 DOI: 10.3390/ma15238564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The addition of functionalized materials (biochar, zeolite, and diatomite) and lyophilized metabolic products of Pseudomonas sp. and Bacillus subtilis to composted biomass may bring many technological and environmental benefits. In this study, we verify the effects of biochar, zeolite Na-P1 (Na6Si10Al6O32·12 H2O), diatomite (SiO2_nH2O), and bacterial metabolites on the composting of biomass prepared from poultry litter, corn straw, grass, leonardite, and brown coal. The experimental design included the following treatments: C-biomass without the addition of functionalized materials and bacterial metabolites, CB-biomass with the addition of biochar, CBM-biomass with the addition of biochar and bacterial metabolites, CZ-biomass with the addition of zeolite, CZM-biomass with the addition of zeolite and bacterial metabolites, CD-biomass with the addition of diatomite, and CDM-biomass with the addition of diatomite and bacterial metabolites. Composts were analyzed for enzymatic and respiratory activities, mobility of heavy metals, and the presence of parasites. The results of this study revealed that, among the analyzed functionalized materials, the addition of diatomite to the composted biomass (CD and CDM) resulted in the most effective immobilization of Cd, Zn, Pb, and Cu. Zinc immobilization factors (IFHM) for diatomite-amended composts averaged 30%. For copper, each functionalized material was found to enhance mobilization of the element in bioavailable forms; similar observations were made for lead, except for the compost to which biochar and bacterial metabolites were added (CBM). The determined values of biochemical indicators proved the different effects of the applied functionalized materials and bacterial metabolites on the microbial communities colonizing individual composts. The dehydrogenase activity (DhA) was lower in all combinations as compared with the control, indicating an intensification of the rate of processes in the studied composts. The highest basal respiration (BR) and substrate-induced respiration (SIR) activities were determined in composts with the addition of bacterial metabolites (CBM, CZM, and CDM). The addition of functionalized materials completely inactivated Eimeria sp. in all combinations. In the case of Capillaria sp., complete inactivation was recorded for the combination with zeolite as well as biochar and diatomite without bacterial metabolites (CB, CZ, and CD).
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Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof Gondek
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Chemistry, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Al. Mickiewicza 21, 31-120 Krakow, Poland
| | - Piotr Micek
- Department of Nutrition, Animal Biotechnology and Fisheries, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Al. Mickiewicza 24/28, 30-059 Krakow, Poland
| | - Monika Mierzwa-Hersztek
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Chemistry, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Al. Mickiewicza 21, 31-120 Krakow, Poland
| | - Jerzy Kowal
- Department of Zoology and Animal Welfare, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Al. Mickiewicza 24/28, 30-059 Krakow, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Andres
- Department of Animal Reproduction, Anatomy and Genomics, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Al. Mickiewicza 24/28, 30-059 Krakow, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Szczurowska
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Chemistry, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Al. Mickiewicza 21, 31-120 Krakow, Poland
| | - Marcin Lis
- Department of Zoology and Animal Welfare, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Al. Mickiewicza 24/28, 30-059 Krakow, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Smoroń
- Specialized Mining Company “Górtech” sp. z o. o., ul. Wielicka 50, 30-552 Krakow, Poland
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Ghouili E, Abid G, Jebara M, Nefissi Ouertani R, de Oliveira AC, El Ayed M, Muhovski Y. Proteomic Analysis of Barley ( Hordeum vulgare L.) Leaves in Response to Date Palm Waste Compost Application. Plants (Basel) 2022; 11:3287. [PMID: 36501326 PMCID: PMC9737688 DOI: 10.3390/plants11233287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Composts are an emerging biofertilizers used in agronomy that can improve crop performance, but much less is known regarding their modes of action. The current study aimed to investigate the differentially abundant proteins (DAPs) in barley leaves associated with growth promotion induced by application of date palm waste compost. Morphophysiological measurements revealed that compost induced a significant increase in plant height, chlorophyll content, gas exchange parameters and plant biomass. LC-MS/MS analyses indicate that compost induced global changes in the proteome of barley leaves. A total of 62 DAPs (26 upregulated and 36 downregulated) among a total of 2233 proteins were identified in response to compost application. The expression of DAPs was further validated based on qRT-PCR. Compost application showed altered abundance of several proteins related to abiotic stress, plant defense, redox homeostasis, transport, tricarboxylic acid cycle, carbohydrate, amino acid, energy and protein metabolism. Furthermore, proteins related to metabolic processes of phytohormone, DNA methylation and secondary metabolites were induced. These results indicate that barley responds to compost application by complex metabolism pathways and may result in a positive alteration in a physiological and metabolic barley plant state which consequently could lead to improved growth and stress adaptation observed in compost-treated plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emna Ghouili
- Laboratory of Legumes and Sustainable Agrosystems, Centre of Biotechnology of Borj-Cedria, (L2AD, CBBC), P. B. 901, Hammam-Lif 2050, Tunisia
| | - Ghassen Abid
- Laboratory of Legumes and Sustainable Agrosystems, Centre of Biotechnology of Borj-Cedria, (L2AD, CBBC), P. B. 901, Hammam-Lif 2050, Tunisia
| | - Moez Jebara
- Laboratory of Legumes and Sustainable Agrosystems, Centre of Biotechnology of Borj-Cedria, (L2AD, CBBC), P. B. 901, Hammam-Lif 2050, Tunisia
| | - Rim Nefissi Ouertani
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Centre of Biotechnology of Borj Cedria, BP 901, Hammam-Lif 2050, Tunisia
| | - Ana Caroline de Oliveira
- Biological Engineering Unit, Department of Life Sciences, Walloon Agricultural Research Centre, Chaussée de Charleroi, BP 234, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Mohamed El Ayed
- Laboratory of Bioactive Substances, Centre of Biotechnology of Borj Cedria, BP 901, Hammam-Lif 2050, Tunisia
| | - Yordan Muhovski
- Biological Engineering Unit, Department of Life Sciences, Walloon Agricultural Research Centre, Chaussée de Charleroi, BP 234, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium
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Miguel N, López A, Jojoa-Sierra SD, Fernández J, Gómez J, Ormad MP. Physico-Chemical and Microbiological Control of the Composting Process of the Organic Fraction of Municipal Solid Waste: A Pilot-Scale Experience. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022; 19:15449. [PMID: 36497522 PMCID: PMC9740554 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192315449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this work was to carry out a pilot experiment to monitor OFMSW (organic fraction of municipal solid waste) composting processes using different types of installations (automatic reactor, aerated static pile and turned pile). To carry out the process, pruning waste was used as structuring material (SM), in a 1:1 and 1:2, v:v, OFMSW:SM ratio. Monitoring was carried out through the control of physico-chemical and microbiological parameters, such as temperature, pH, humidity, Rottegrade, Solvita tests, the presence of Salmonella sp. and Escherichia coli, total coliform, and Enterococcus sp. concentrations. After carrying out the tests, it can be affirmed that the three types of installations used worked correctly in terms of the monitoring of physico-chemical parameters, giving rise to a compost of sufficient stability and maturity to be applied on agricultural soil. In all cases the bacterial concentrations in the final compost were lower than those detected in the mixture of initial components for its preparation, thus complying with the requirements established in RD 506/2013 and RD 999/2017RD on fertilizer products. However, it cannot be affirmed that one of the three types of installation used produces a greater bacterial inactivation than the others. When composting with different types of facilities, it is of interest to optimize the irrigation and aeration system in order to have a better control of the process and to study the possible temperature gradients in the piles to ensure good sanitization without the risk of bacterial proliferation a posteriori. Finally, the different initial mixtures of OFMSW and SM used in this study did not have a significant influence on the functioning of the composting process or on the microbiological quality during the process. The irrigation water can provide a bacterial contribution that can lead to increases in concentration during the composting process. This study is part of the Life-NADAPTA project (LIFE16 IPC/ES/000001), an integrated strategy for adaptation to Climate Change in Navarra, where NILSA participates in water action and collaborates in agricultural action, which includes among its objectives the development of new soil amendments from different organic waste.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natividad Miguel
- Water and Environmental Health Research Group, University Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences of Aragon, Department of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Technologies, University of Zaragoza, María de Luna 3, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Andrea López
- Navarra de Infraestructuras Locales S.A. (NILSA) Avda, Barañain 22, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Sindy D. Jojoa-Sierra
- Water and Environmental Health Research Group, University Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences of Aragon, Department of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Technologies, University of Zaragoza, María de Luna 3, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Julen Fernández
- Navarra de Infraestructuras Locales S.A. (NILSA) Avda, Barañain 22, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Jairo Gómez
- Navarra de Infraestructuras Locales S.A. (NILSA) Avda, Barañain 22, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - María P. Ormad
- Water and Environmental Health Research Group, University Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences of Aragon, Department of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Technologies, University of Zaragoza, María de Luna 3, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
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Karydogianni S, Roussis I, Mavroeidis A, Kakabouki I, Tigka E, Beslemes D, Stavropoulos P, Katsenios N, Tsiplakou E, Bilalis D. The Influence of Fertilization and Plant Density on the Dry Matter Yield and Quality of Black Mustard [ Brassica nigra (L.) Koch]: An Alternative Forage Crop. Plants (Basel) 2022; 11:2683. [PMID: 36297707 PMCID: PMC9611005 DOI: 10.3390/plants11202683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Black mustard [Brassica nigra (L.) Koch] is mainly cultivated as a seed crop, and there is a lack of information on biomass quality and its potential for animal feeding. A 2-year field experiment was set up in a split-plot design with 2 main plots (plant densities: 46 and 76 plants m-2), 4 sub-plots (fertilization levels: control, compost, urea with and without urease and nitrification inhibitors) and 3 replications for each treatment. The highest dry matter yield (17.55-18.34 tn ha-1) was observed in high-density plots fertilized with urea fertilizer coated with double (nitrification and urease) inhibitors. In terms of the qualitive parameters of total above-ground biomass, the highest crude protein (CP) content was achieved in plots with low density and urea with double inhibitors. Moreover, the highest neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) contents of above-ground biomass were found under compost and urea with double inhibitors. The high ADF, NDF and relatively high CP content characterized that black mustard aerial biomass can meet the requirements of lactating animals, and therefore the production of black mustard biomass as a forage crop could be of great importance. As a conclusion, black mustard cultivated at plant densities higher than 46 plants m-2 and under inorganic fertilization, especially with urea coated with double inhibitors, could be successfully used as a novel forage crop in ruminants' diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stella Karydogianni
- Laboratory of Agronomy, Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, 11855 Athens, Greece
| | - Ioannis Roussis
- Laboratory of Agronomy, Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, 11855 Athens, Greece
| | - Antonios Mavroeidis
- Laboratory of Agronomy, Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, 11855 Athens, Greece
| | - Ioanna Kakabouki
- Laboratory of Agronomy, Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, 11855 Athens, Greece
| | - Evangelia Tigka
- Institute of Industrial and Forage Crops, Hellenic Agricultural Organization Demeter, 41335 Larissa, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Beslemes
- Institute of Industrial and Forage Crops, Hellenic Agricultural Organization Demeter, 41335 Larissa, Greece
| | - Panteleimon Stavropoulos
- Laboratory of Agronomy, Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, 11855 Athens, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Katsenios
- Department of Soil Science of Athens, Institute of Soil and Water Resources, Hellenic Agricultural Organization—Demeter, 14123 Attica, Greece
| | - Eleni Tsiplakou
- Laboratory of Nutritional Physiology and Feeding, Department of Animal Science, School of Animal Biosciences, Agricultural University of Athens, 11855 Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Bilalis
- Laboratory of Agronomy, Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, 11855 Athens, Greece
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Wang H, Shankar V, Jiang X. Compositional and Functional Changes in Microbial Communities of Composts Due to the Composting-Related Factors and the Presence of Listeria monocytogenes. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0184521. [PMID: 35703536 PMCID: PMC9430276 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01845-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes is a leading foodborne pathogen that can contaminate fresh produce in farm environment, resulting in deadly outbreaks. Composts contain a diversity of microorganisms, and some of them may be compost-adapted competitive exclusion microorganisms against L. monocytogenes. To understand interactions between compost microflora and the pathogen, both dairy- and poultry-wastes based composts (n = 12) were inoculated with L. monocytogenes, and then analyzed by next-generation sequencing approaches along with culturing methods. DNA extraction and enumeration of L. monocytogenes were performed at 0 and 72 h post-incubation at room temperature. The major bacterial phyla were identified as Firmicutes (23%), Proteobacteria (23%), Actinobacteria (19%), Chloroflexi (13%), Bacteroidetes (12%), Gemmatimonadetes (2%), and Acidobacteria (2%). The top three indicator genera enriched in different compost types were identified by LEfSe with LDA score > 2. The interactions between L. monocytogenes and indigenous microflora were limited as no significant changes in the dominant microbial members in compost ecosystem, but some discriminatory species such as Bacillus, Geobacillus, and Brevibacterium were identified by Random Forest analysis. Besides, changes in metabolic pathways and the increased abundance of bacteriocins category in the compost samples containing L. monocytogenes after 72 h postinoculation were revealed by metatranscriptomic sequencing. Taken together, the compost-related factors such as compost types, composting stages, and the collection farms are major drivers that affect compost microbial compositions, and the analysis of compost metagenome implied that interactions between L. monocytogenes and compost microflora may include competition for nutrients and the presence of antimicrobials. IMPORTANCE Listeria monocytogenes has been recognized as the etiological agent causing foodborne disease outbreaks, with fresh produce as vulnerable for contamination at even preharvest stage. Owing to the richness in microbial community, compost may mediate suppression of pathogens. In this study, the impact of compost-related factors and L. monocytogenes intrusion on dynamic changes in compost microbiome was investigated by next generation sequencing techniques. The compost-related factors such as compost types, composting stages, and the collection farms are major drivers that affect compost microbiome. The interactions between L. monocytogenes and compost microflora may include the competition for nutrients and the presence of antimicrobials produced by native compost microorganisms as potential competitive exclusion microorganisms. Findings from this study are important for the composting industry to understand the composition and functionality of microbial community in their products and help developing organic fertilizers fortified with anti-L. monocytogenes competitive exclusion microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongye Wang
- Department of Food, Nutrition, and Packaging Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, USA
| | - Vijay Shankar
- Center for Human Genetics, Clemson University, Greenwood, South Carolina, USA
| | - Xiuping Jiang
- Department of Food, Nutrition, and Packaging Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, USA
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Bergonzoli S, Romano E, Beni C, Latterini F, Lo Scalzo R, Scarfone A. Nectar Dynamics and Pollinators Preference in Sunflower. Insects 2022; 13:717. [PMID: 36005342 PMCID: PMC9409638 DOI: 10.3390/insects13080717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Nectar is a complex biochemical substance secreted with particular rhythm by flower nectaries. Nectar is the base of a mutualism in which pollinators consume nectar, as food source, and are involuntarily responsible for the transport of pollen and pollination. The dynamics and temporal patterns of nectar secretion are still not fully understood as well as the environmental and climatic factors influencing its production. The quantity and quality of nectar found in standing crops at flowering influence the mutualistic relationship with pollinators and their foraging behavior. This situation is even more significant considering the reduction in undisturbed environments, the loss of soil quality, the spread of monoculture agricultural management and the use of self-fertile hybrids. The objects of the study are understanding the relationship among soil properties and nectar quality, comparing the nectar composition in a sunflower hybrid variety and evaluate pollinator preferences in selecting nectar sources among hybrid and non-hybrid varieties. For these purposes, two different experimental tests were established. Results highlighted that fertilization strategy influenced crop biomass development, determined soil characteristics and nectar composition in Sunflower. However, when comparing nectar composition of hybrid and non-hybrid varieties of sunflower, no significant differences were found. Despite this, the analysis of number of visits on the two treatments showed statistically significant differences. This research provides further understanding of the very complex relationship among soil, crop and nectar to support the definition of agricultural management strategies and reach the optimal nectar composition level for pollinators in agricultural crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Bergonzoli
- Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e l’Analisi dell’Economia Agraria (CREA), Centro di Ricerca Ingegneria e Trasformazioni Agroalimentari, Via della Pascolare 15, 00015 Monterotondo, Italy
| | - Elio Romano
- Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e l’Analisi dell’Economia Agraria (CREA), Centro di Ricerca Ingegneria e Trasformazioni Agroalimentari, Via Milano 43, 24047 Treviglio, Italy
| | - Claudio Beni
- Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e l’Analisi dell’Economia Agraria (CREA), Centro di Ricerca Ingegneria e Trasformazioni Agroalimentari, Via della Pascolare 15, 00015 Monterotondo, Italy
| | - Francesco Latterini
- Institute of Dendrology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Parkowa 5, 62-035 Kórnik, Poland
| | - Roberto Lo Scalzo
- Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e l’Analisi dell’Economia Agraria (CREA), Centro di Ricerca Ingegneria e Trasformazioni Agroalimentari, Via Giacomo Venezian 26, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Antonio Scarfone
- Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e l’Analisi dell’Economia Agraria (CREA), Centro di Ricerca Ingegneria e Trasformazioni Agroalimentari, Via della Pascolare 15, 00015 Monterotondo, Italy
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Ajibade S, Nnadozie EC, Iwai CB, Ghotekar S, Chang SW, Ravindran B, Kumar Awasthi M. Biochar-based compost: a bibliometric and visualization analysis. Bioengineered 2022; 13:15013-15032. [PMID: 37105770 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2023.2177369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The co-application of biochar compost as organic amendment for crop production and soil remediation has gained momentum due to their positive effect on plant growth and soil quality improvement. The application of biochar and compost which are green and cost-effective soil remediators would promote the availability and distribution of food, planetary conservation, alleviate poverty, and enhance the attainment of Sustainable Millennium Development Goals (SDGs). A bibliometric analysis was conducted to overview research on biochar compost from 2011 to 2021. Two hundred and fifty-four research papers were retrieved from the Scopus database and analyzed using VOS viewer. Analysis revealed that 217 (85.43%) were articles, 21 (8.27%) were conference papers, and 12 (4.72%) were review papers. The results showed an exponential increase in the number of publications. The most productive countries in the investigated subject were China (49), followed by USA (36), Australia (29), Italy (28), Germany (25), and Indonesia (20). After the search terms, 'soil,' which had links with keywords like 'soil fertility,' 'soil quality,' 'soil pollution,' 'phosphorus,' 'nitrogen,' 'maize,' 'greenhouse gas,' etc., had the highest occurrences (94). From the results of the current hotspot research in the field, the effect of biochar-compost mixture and co-composted biochar on soil remediation is currently being studied by several researchers. Biochar and compost incorporation in soil reduce the uptake of pollutants by plants which consequently increase essential nutrients for plant and soil productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sinazo Ajibade
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Science and Agriculture, University of Fort Hare, Alice, South Africa
- Department of Soil Science, Institute of Environmental Sciences, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life 13 Sciences, Gödöllő, Hungary
| | | | - Chuleemas Boonthai Iwai
- Integrated Land and Water Resource Management Research and Development Center in Northeast Thailand, Khon Kaen University, Thailand
| | - Suresh Ghotekar
- Department of Chemistry, Smt. Devkiba Mohansinhji Chauhan College of Commerce and Science, University of Mumbai, Silvassa, India
| | - Soon Woong Chang
- Department of Environmental Energy & Engineering, Kyonggi University, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Balasubramani Ravindran
- Department of Environmental Energy & Engineering, Kyonggi University, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Mukesh Kumar Awasthi
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, PR China
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Lu M, Schneider D, Daniel R. Metagenomic Screening for Lipolytic Genes Reveals an Ecology-Clustered Distribution Pattern. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:851969. [PMID: 35756004 PMCID: PMC9226776 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.851969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipolytic enzymes are one of the most important enzyme types for application in various industrial processes. Despite the continuously increasing demand, only a small portion of the so far encountered lipolytic enzymes exhibit adequate stability and activities for biotechnological applications. To explore novel and/or extremophilic lipolytic enzymes, microbial consortia in two composts at thermophilic stage were analyzed using function-driven and sequence-based metagenomic approaches. Analysis of community composition by amplicon-based 16S rRNA genes and transcripts, and direct metagenome sequencing revealed that the communities of the compost samples were dominated by members of the phyla Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, and Chloroflexi. Function-driven screening of the metagenomic libraries constructed from the two samples yielded 115 unique lipolytic enzymes. The family assignment of these enzymes was conducted by analyzing the phylogenetic relationship and generation of a protein sequence similarity network according to an integrated classification system. The sequence-based screening was performed by using a newly developed database, containing a set of profile Hidden Markov models, highly sensitive and specific for detection of lipolytic enzymes. By comparing the lipolytic enzymes identified through both approaches, we demonstrated that the activity-directed complements sequence-based detection, and vice versa. The sequence-based comparative analysis of lipolytic genes regarding diversity, function and taxonomic origin derived from 175 metagenomes indicated significant differences between habitats. Analysis of the prevalent and distinct microbial groups providing the lipolytic genes revealed characteristic patterns and groups driven by ecological factors. The here presented data suggests that the diversity and distribution of lipolytic genes in metagenomes of various habitats are largely constrained by ecological factors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Rolf Daniel
- Department of Genomic and Applied Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology and Genetics, Georg August University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
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Moreno-Resendez A, Reyes-Carrillo JL, Rodriguez-Dimas N, Reyes-Munguia A, Carrillo-Inungaray ML, Elzebieta Marszalek J, Leos-Escobedo L. Nutraceutical Quality and Soluble Solids of Cucumis melo Developed in Vermi compost-River Sand Mixtures, Under Shade Mesh Conditions. Pak J Biol Sci 2022; 25:619-626. [PMID: 36098168 DOI: 10.3923/pjbs.2022.619.626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
<b>Background and Objective:</b> There is ample evidence that the consumption of fruits and vegetables, with a high content of secondary metabolites, favours better human health. In the same sense, the application of organic fertilizers has favoured the content of phenolic compounds and a greater antioxidant capacity in various crops. Factoring that the application of Vermicompost (VC) increases the nutritional quality of plants. This research determined the content of soluble solids, biochemical components and the antioxidant capacity of the melon fruits (<i>Cucumis melo</i> L.) developed under shade net conditions with VC as a source of fertilization. <b>Materials and Methods:</b> During the 2020 spring-summer season, a hybrid melon Honeydew type was grown under five mixtures of VC: River sand (RS), with ratios 0:1, 1:1, 1:2, 1:3 and 1:4. Nutrient Steiner solution was applied only in the first mixture (control) while VC was used as an organic nutrient for all other mixtures. The five formulated mixtures, with five replications, were randomly distributed. The total phenolic content, total flavonoids, antioxidant capacity and the total soluble solids of the melon fruit were determined. Data obtained were statistically analyzed by analysis of variance and means were compared by Tukey 0.05 test. <b>Results:</b> The ANOVA indicates that no statistical differences were registered for any of the variables under study, however, the levels of the parameters were high. <b>Conclusion:</b> VC treatment of melon fruit is proven to be a promising source of nutrients to plants increasing their natural antioxidants and content of soluble solids.
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Yee WL, Kruger CE, O'Neill T. Heat Treatments for Killing Apple Maggot Fly (Diptera: Tephritidae) Puparia for Application in Disinfesting Organic Yard Waste. J Econ Entomol 2022; 115:493-500. [PMID: 35089347 DOI: 10.1093/jee/toab269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Organic yard waste from western Washington, U.S. that may contain puparia of apple maggot fly, Rhagoletis pomonella (Walsh) (Diptera: Tephritidae), had been moved to central Washington for composting, threatening the $3 billion apple industry concentrated in that region. Heating waste to kill fly puparia before it is transported could be a solution to this problem. Here, we report results of studies in 2016-2021 that sought to identify a minimum heat treatment simulating that obtained using a low-pressure steam generator for maximizing kill of R. pomonella puparia. In two experiments, puparia were exposed to temperatures ramped linearly over 6 h from 21°C to 47.8, 51.1, 55.0, or 60.0°C in an oven. The 47.8, 51.1, and 55°C treatments did not achieve 100% mortality, although only one adult fly from 4,000 puparia was found in the 55°C treatment, while no puparia survived the 60°C treatment. In a third, similar experiment, no puparia out of 2,400 exposed to 55°C survived. In a fourth and final experiment conducted over 3 years, no puparia out of 61,223 exposed to a 6-h ramp from 21°C to 55°C followed by a 1-h hold time at 55°C produced flies. In addition, all puparia in this treatment died. Based on 42.3 to 69.8% control survival, 31,217 puparia were killed by this treatment with no survivors, for a probit 8.7190 level of security. Results suggest that the 55°C and 1-h hold time treatment here is close to the minimum heat regime needed for disinfesting organic waste of R. pomonella puparia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wee L Yee
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Temperate Tree Fruit & Vegetable Research Unit, 5230 Konnowac Pass Road, Wapato, WA, 98951, USA
| | - Chad E Kruger
- Washington State University, Tree Fruit Research and Extension Center and Center for Sustaining Agriculture & Natural Resources, 1100 N Western Avenue, Wenatchee, WA, 98801, USA
| | - Tim O'Neill
- Engineered Compost Systems, 4220 24th Avenue W, Seattle, WA, 98199, USA
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