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Çetin SA, Çinar D. Determination of Opinions on HPV Infection and HPV Vaccine among Nursing Students by Focus Group Discussion. J Adolesc Young Adult Oncol 2024. [PMID: 38738288 DOI: 10.1089/jayao.2024.0036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose: This study aimed to determine nursing students' opinions about human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and HPV vaccine. Methods: This is a qualitative focus group discussion study, in which a state university in Western Turkey, undergraduate nursing students are recruited through purposive sampling. The research data were collected on an online platform with the focus group interview method by using the Participant Information Form and Semistructured Interview Form. Results: Three main themes (HPV infection/vaccine perception, severity perception, and suggestions and requests/facilitators) and eight subthemes were developed based on the thematic analysis of the research findings. Conclusions: According to the findings, it was concluded that nursing students' opinions on HPV infection and HPV vaccine were affected by factors related to cultural, religious, and sexual behaviors. Based on study results, it is suggested to organize national cervical screening programs to increase public's knowledge and awareness on the subject in accordance with the sociocultural norms of the society with the agreement and cooperation of educated health service providers, policy makers, and educators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serpil Abali Çetin
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Nursing, Izmir Bakırçay University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Derya Çinar
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Oncology Nursing, Izmir Bakırçay University, Izmir, Turkey
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Tilahun KN, Adem JB, Atinafu WT, Walle AD, Mengestie ND, Birhanu AY. Intention to Use Mobile-Based Partograph and Its Predictors Among Obstetric Health Care Providers Working at Public Referral Hospitals in the Oromia Region of Ethiopia in 2022: Cross-Sectional Questionnaire Study. Online J Public Health Inform 2024; 16:e51601. [PMID: 38728079 DOI: 10.2196/51601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A partograph is a pictorial representation of the relationship between cervical dilatation and the time used to diagnose prolonged and obstructed labor. However, the utilization of paper-based partograph is low and it is prone to documentation errors, which can be avoided with the use of electronic partographs. There is only limited information on the proportion of intention to use mobile-based partographs and its predictors. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to determine the proportion of obstetric health care providers at public referral hospitals in Oromia, Ethiopia, in 2022 who had the intention to use mobile-based partographs and to determine the predictors of their intention to use mobile-based partographs. METHODS We performed an institution-based cross-sectional study from June 1 to July 1, 2022. Census was conducted on 649 participants. A self-administered structured English questionnaire was used, and a 5% pretest was performed. Data were entered into EpiData version 4.6 and exported to SPSS version 25 for descriptive analysis and AMOS (analysis of moment structure; version 23) for structural and measurement model assessment. Descriptive and structural equation modeling analyses were performed. The hypotheses developed based on a modified Technology Acceptance Model were tested using path coefficients and P values <.05. RESULTS About 65.7% (414/630; 95% CI 61.9%-69.4%) of the participants intended to use mobile-based electronic partographs, with a 97% (630/649) response rate. Perceived usefulness had a positive influence on intention to use (β=.184; P=.02) and attitude (β=.521; P=.002). Perceived ease of use had a positive influence on attitude (β=.382; P=.003), perceived usefulness (β=.503; P=.002), and intention to use (β=.369; P=.001). Job relevance had a positive influence on perceived usefulness (β=.408; P=.001) and intention to use (β=.185; P=.008). Attitude positively influenced intention to use (β=.309; P=.002). Subjective norms did not have a significant influence on perceived usefulness (β=.020; P=.61) and intention to use (β=-.066; P=.07). CONCLUSIONS Two-thirds of the obstetric health care providers in our study intended to use mobile-based partographs. Perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, job relevance, and attitude positively and significantly influenced their intention to use mobile-based electronic partographs. The development of a user-friendly mobile-based partograph that meets job and user expectations can enhance the intention to use.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Nebyu Demeke Mengestie
- Department of Health Informatics, Institute of Public Health, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Abraham Yeneneh Birhanu
- Department of Health Informatics, Institute of Public Health, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
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Lau N, Zhao X, O'Daffer A, Weissman H, Barton K. Pediatric Cancer Communication on Twitter: Natural Language Processing and Qualitative Content Analysis. JMIR Cancer 2024; 10:e52061. [PMID: 38713506 DOI: 10.2196/52061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND During the COVID-19 pandemic, Twitter (recently rebranded as "X") was the most widely used social media platform with over 2 million cancer-related tweets. The increasing use of social media among patients and family members, providers, and organizations has allowed for novel methods of studying cancer communication. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to examine pediatric cancer-related tweets to capture the experiences of patients and survivors of cancer, their caregivers, medical providers, and other stakeholders. We assessed the public sentiment and content of tweets related to pediatric cancer over a time period representative of the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS All English-language tweets related to pediatric cancer posted from December 11, 2019, to May 7, 2022, globally, were obtained using the Twitter application programming interface. Sentiment analyses were computed based on Bing, AFINN, and NRC lexicons. We conducted a supplemental nonlexicon-based sentiment analysis with ChatGPT (version 3.0) to validate our findings with a random subset of 150 tweets. We conducted a qualitative content analysis to manually code the content of a random subset of 800 tweets. RESULTS A total of 161,135 unique tweets related to pediatric cancer were identified. Sentiment analyses showed that there were more positive words than negative words. Via the Bing lexicon, the most common positive words were support, love, amazing, heaven, and happy, and the most common negative words were grief, risk, hard, abuse, and miss. Via the NRC lexicon, most tweets were categorized under sentiment types of positive, trust, and joy. Overall positive sentiment was consistent across lexicons and confirmed with supplemental ChatGPT (version 3.0) analysis. Percent agreement between raters for qualitative coding was 91%, and the top 10 codes were awareness, personal experiences, research, caregiver experiences, patient experiences, policy and the law, treatment, end of life, pharmaceuticals and drugs, and survivorship. Qualitative content analysis showed that Twitter users commonly used the social media platform to promote public awareness of pediatric cancer and to share personal experiences with pediatric cancer from the perspective of patients or survivors and their caregivers. Twitter was frequently used for health knowledge dissemination of research findings and federal policies that support treatment and affordable medical care. CONCLUSIONS Twitter may serve as an effective means for researchers to examine pediatric cancer communication and public sentiment around the globe. Despite the public mental health crisis during the COVID-19 pandemic, overall sentiments of pediatric cancer-related tweets were positive. Content of pediatric cancer tweets focused on health and treatment information, social support, and raising awareness of pediatric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy Lau
- Center for Child Health, Behavior and Development, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, United States
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Xin Zhao
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Alison O'Daffer
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
- Center for Empathy and Technology, Sanford Institute for Empathy and Compassion, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Hannah Weissman
- Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Krysta Barton
- Biostatistics Epidemiology and Analytics for Research (BEAR) Core, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, United States
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Goldstone RL, Dubova M, Aiyappa R, Edinger A. The Spread of Beliefs in Partially Modularized Communities. Perspect Psychol Sci 2024; 19:404-417. [PMID: 38019565 DOI: 10.1177/17456916231198238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
Many life-influencing social networks are characterized by considerable informational isolation. People within a community are far more likely to share beliefs than people who are part of different communities. The spread of useful information across communities is impeded by echo chambers (far greater connectivity within than between communities) and filter bubbles (more influence of beliefs by connected neighbors within than between communities). We apply the tools of network analysis to organize our understanding of the spread of beliefs across modularized communities and to predict the effect of individual and group parameters on the dynamics and distribution of beliefs. In our Spread of Beliefs in Modularized Communities (SBMC) framework, a stochastic block model generates social networks with variable degrees of modularity, beliefs have different observable utilities, individuals change their beliefs on the basis of summed or average evidence (or intermediate decision rules), and parameterized stochasticity introduces randomness into decisions. SBMC simulations show surprising patterns; for example, increasing out-group connectivity does not always improve group performance, adding randomness to decisions can promote performance, and decision rules that sum rather than average evidence can improve group performance, as measured by the average utility of beliefs that the agents adopt. Overall, the results suggest that intermediate degrees of belief exploration are beneficial for the spread of useful beliefs in a community, and so parameters that pull in opposite directions on an explore-exploit continuum are usefully paired.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert L Goldstone
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University
- Program in Cognitive Science, Indiana University
| | | | - Rachith Aiyappa
- Center for Complex Networks and Systems, Luddy School of Informatics, Computing, and Engineering, Indiana University
| | - Andy Edinger
- Program in Cognitive Science, Indiana University
- Center for Complex Networks and Systems, Luddy School of Informatics, Computing, and Engineering, Indiana University
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Hugo AJ, Mobara N. The voice of a group of teachers in full-service schools in South Africa. Afr J Disabil 2024; 13:1134. [PMID: 38445075 PMCID: PMC10912966 DOI: 10.4102/ajod.v13i0.1134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Full-service schools (FSSs) were introduced into the South African school system as part of the movement towards inclusive education. Objectives The authors of this article embarked on a study to obtain the opinions and feelings of a group of teachers about FSSs and inclusive education. Thus, the 'voice' of these teachers could be heard. Method The research followed a qualitative approach using group discussions and classroom observations. Triangulation was used to verify information. Results The data revealed that the teacher participants had definite opinions and feelings about inclusive education in FSSs and their classroom experiences also came to light. The themes arising from the research are the teachers' opinions about teaching in FSSs, support from the school and the school management, discipline in the schools, teaching methods, language issues, religion and parent involvement. Conclusion It is clear that the specific needs of teachers whose schools were transformed into FSSs will have to be attended to. The teachers are the ones who have to apply inclusive education in their classrooms, and it is essential that teachers' teaching and personal needs in full-service classrooms are addressed. Contribution The article contributes to a better understanding of the teachers' important role in FSSs and the problems experienced by the teachers. This aligns with the ethos of inclusive education and human rights included in the scope of the journal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna J Hugo
- Department of Language Education, Arts and Culture, College of Education, University of South Africa, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Nafiza Mobara
- Department of Language Education, Arts and Culture, College of Education, University of South Africa, Pretoria, South Africa
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Høgsdal H, Kyrrestad H, Rye M, Kaiser S. Exploring Adolescents' Attitudes Toward Mental Health Apps: Concurrent Mixed Methods Study. JMIR Form Res 2024; 8:e50222. [PMID: 38224474 PMCID: PMC10825759 DOI: 10.2196/50222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adolescence is a critical time in which many psychological disorders develop. Mental health promotion is important, especially during this period. In recent years, an increasing number of mobile apps geared toward mental health promotion and preventing mental illness have been developed specifically for adolescents, with the goal of strengthening their mental health and well-being. OBJECTIVE This study aims to explore adolescents' attitudes toward mental health apps, as well as the perceived usefulness of mental health apps. METHODS In this mixed methods study, a total of 183 adolescents (mean age 15.62, SD 3.21 years) answered a cross-sectional questionnaire, with 10 questions (eg, "What do you think about mental health apps in general?"). To complement the quantitative findings, individual interviews were conducted with 9 adolescents, during which they could elaborate on their opinions about mental health apps. RESULTS A total of 30% (56/183) of the adolescents in the quantitative study had used a mental health app. Over half of the respondents (77/126, 61.1%) reported that they would use a mental health app if they had a mental health problem as well as that they thought mental health apps were somewhat or very useful (114/183, 62.3%). Availability was the most frequently reported advantage of mental health apps (107/183, 58.8%). Possible associated costs of mental health apps were the most frequently mentioned barrier to their use (87/183, 47.5%). Findings from the interviews also pointed to the importance of the availability of mental health apps as well as their credibility and potential to provide adolescents with autonomy when seeking mental health advice and help. CONCLUSIONS Overall, the results indicate that adolescents have a positive attitude toward and an interest in mental health apps. However, adolescents are also more or less unaware of such apps, which might be one reason why they are often not used. The findings of this study have important implications for future research on mental health apps and for developers of mental health apps that target young people. The insights gained from this study can inform the development of more effective mental health apps that better meet the needs and preferences of adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helene Høgsdal
- Regional Centre for Child and Youth Mental Health and Child Welfare - North, Faculty of Health Sciences, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Henriette Kyrrestad
- Regional Centre for Child and Youth Mental Health and Child Welfare - North, Faculty of Health Sciences, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Marte Rye
- Regional Centre for Child and Youth Mental Health and Child Welfare - North, Faculty of Health Sciences, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Sabine Kaiser
- Regional Centre for Child and Youth Mental Health and Child Welfare - North, Faculty of Health Sciences, Tromsø, Norway
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Thiyagarajan S, Saldanha PRM, Govindan R, Leena KC, Prathyusha PV. Development of Agile Scrum Perception Tool to Evaluate Students' Opinions on Agile Methodology in Nursing Education. Int J Appl Basic Med Res 2024; 14:35-41. [PMID: 38504840 PMCID: PMC10947761 DOI: 10.4103/ijabmr.ijabmr_423_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim Agile methodology (AM) is an innovative, active, team-based learning method that enhances higher-order thinking (metacognitive ability), collaboration, hands-on training, and student engagement in the classroom and clinical environment. Exploring the student's opinions of AM in teaching helps understand how agile can be utilized in higher education to positively improve learning ability, leadership, and teamwork. Hence, the study aimed to develop the agile scrum perception tool (ASPT) to evaluate the opinions on AM among nursing students. Materials and Methods A cross-sectional design was carried out to develop ASPT in different phases. The tool was initially derived from focus group discussion and literature review. The preliminary draft was revised and modified based on expert review and suggestions by content and construct validity. Reliability was calculated in terms of internal consistency. The developed tool was evaluated using data from 200 4th-year nursing students. Results A total of 23 items of ASPT have adequate psychometric properties in terms of reliability and validity. Internal consistency was checked by coefficient alpha, which was 0.87. Construct validity was analyzed by factor analysis; all items were loaded in 6 factors, accounting for 54% of the variance in the total ASPT score. Conclusion ASPT has good validity, reliability, and broader scope in medical and allied education related to project management, clinical teaching, and classroom teaching.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suseela Thiyagarajan
- Clinical Instructor, College of Nursing, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Prakash R M Saldanha
- Professor of Pediatrics/Vice Principal, Yenepoya Medical College, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Radhakrishnan Govindan
- Department of Nursing, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - K C Leena
- Dean/Principal, Yenepoya Nursing College, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - P. V Prathyusha
- Department of Biostatistics, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
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Tangadulrat P, Sono S, Tangtrakulwanich B. Using ChatGPT for Clinical Practice and Medical Education: Cross-Sectional Survey of Medical Students' and Physicians' Perceptions. JMIR Med Educ 2023; 9:e50658. [PMID: 38133908 PMCID: PMC10770783 DOI: 10.2196/50658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND ChatGPT is a well-known large language model-based chatbot. It could be used in the medical field in many aspects. However, some physicians are still unfamiliar with ChatGPT and are concerned about its benefits and risks. OBJECTIVE We aim to evaluate the perception of physicians and medical students toward using ChatGPT in the medical field. METHODS A web-based questionnaire was sent to medical students, interns, residents, and attending staff with questions regarding their perception toward using ChatGPT in clinical practice and medical education. Participants were also asked to rate their perception of ChatGPT's generated response about knee osteoarthritis. RESULTS Participants included 124 medical students, 46 interns, 37 residents, and 32 attending staff. After reading ChatGPT's response, 132 of the 239 (55.2%) participants had a positive rating about using ChatGPT for clinical practice. The proportion of positive answers was significantly lower in graduated physicians (48/115, 42%) compared with medical students (84/124, 68%; P<.001). Participants listed a lack of a patient-specific treatment plan, updated evidence, and a language barrier as ChatGPT's pitfalls. Regarding using ChatGPT for medical education, the proportion of positive responses was also significantly lower in graduate physicians (71/115, 62%) compared to medical students (103/124, 83.1%; P<.001). Participants were concerned that ChatGPT's response was too superficial, might lack scientific evidence, and might need expert verification. CONCLUSIONS Medical students generally had a positive perception of using ChatGPT for guiding treatment and medical education, whereas graduated doctors were more cautious in this regard. Nonetheless, both medical students and graduated doctors positively perceived using ChatGPT for creating patient educational materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pasin Tangadulrat
- Department of Orthopedics, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hatyai, Thailand
| | - Supinya Sono
- Division of Family and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hatyai, Thailand
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Garner K, Thabrew H, Lim D, Hofman P, Jefferies C, Serlachius A. Exploring the Usability and Acceptability of a Well-Being App for Adolescents Living With Type 1 Diabetes: Qualitative Study. JMIR Pediatr Parent 2023; 6:e52364. [PMID: 38153804 PMCID: PMC10766165 DOI: 10.2196/52364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Adolescents living with either type 1 diabetes (T1D) or type 2 diabetes (T2D) have an increased risk of psychological disorders due to the demands of managing a chronic illness and the challenges of adolescence. Psychological disorders during adolescence increase the risk of suboptimal glycemic outcomes and may lead to serious diabetes-related complications. Research shows that digital health interventions may increase access to psychological support for adolescents and improve physical and mental health outcomes for youth with diabetes. To our knowledge, there are no evidence-based, publicly available mental health apps with a focus on improving the psychological well-being of adolescents with diabetes. Objective This study aimed to explore the acceptability and usability of our evidence-based well-being app for New Zealand adolescents, Whitu: 7 Ways in 7 Days (Whitu), to allow us to further tailor it for youth with diabetes. We interviewed adolescents with T1D and T2D, their parents, and health care professionals to explore their views on the Whitu app and suggestions for tailoring the app for adolescent with diabetes. We also explored the cultural acceptability of the Whitu app for Māori and Pacific adolescents. Methods A total of 34 participants, comprising 13 adolescents aged 12-16 years (11 with T1D and 2 with T2D), 10 parents, and 11 health care professionals, were recruited from a specialist diabetes outpatient clinic and Facebook diabetes groups. Each participant attended one 1-hour focus group on Zoom, in person, or via phone. Researchers gathered general feedback on what makes an effective and engaging app for adolescents with diabetes, as well as specific feedback about Whitu. Transcribed audio recordings of the focus groups were analyzed using directed content analysis. Results Adolescents with T1D, their parents, and health care professionals found Whitu to be acceptable and usable. Adolescents with T1D and their parents signaled a preference for more diabetes-specific content. Health care professionals expressed less awareness and trust of digital health interventions and, as such, recommended that they be used with external support. Due to challenges in recruitment and retention, we were unable to include the views of adolescents with T2D in this qualitative study. Conclusions There appears to be sufficient openness to the use of an app such as Whitu for supporting the well-being of adolescents with T1D, albeit with modifications to make its content more diabetes specific. Based on this qualitative study, we have recently developed a diabetes-specific version of Whitu (called LIFT: Thriving with Diabetes). We are also planning a qualitative study to explore the views of youth with T2D and their perspectives on the new LIFT app, where we are using alternative research approaches to recruit and engage adolescents with T2D and their families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie Garner
- Department of Psychological Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Hiran Thabrew
- Department of Psychological Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - David Lim
- Department of Psychological Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Paul Hofman
- Liggins Institute and Department of Pediatrics, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Craig Jefferies
- Liggins Institute and Department of Pediatrics, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Starship Child Health, Te Whatu Ora – Health New Zealand, Te Toka Tumai Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Anna Serlachius
- Department of Psychological Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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Tang CC, Chen H, Tsai SY, Wu WW. Factors Associated With Levels of Public Engagement in Protective Behaviors During the Early COVID-19 Pandemic: Causal-Comparative Study Based on the Health Belief Model. JMIR Hum Factors 2023; 10:e49687. [PMID: 38113083 PMCID: PMC10732231 DOI: 10.2196/49687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND While the challenges of COVID-19 are still unfolding, the enhancement of protective behavior remains a top priority in global health care. However, current behavior-promoting strategies may be inefficient without first identifying the individuals with lower engagement in protective behavior and the associating factors. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to identify individuals with and potential contributing factors to low engagement in protective behavior during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS This is a causal-comparative study. A theory-based web-based survey was used to investigate individuals' protective behavior and potential associating factors. During June 2020, the distribution of the survey was targeted to 3 areas: Taiwan, Japan, and North America. Based on the theory of the health belief model (HBM), the survey collected participants' various perceptions toward COVID-19 and a collection of protective behaviors. In addition to the descriptive analysis, cluster analysis, ANOVA, and Fisher exact and chi-square tests were used. RESULTS A total of 384 responses were analyzed. More than half of the respondents lived in Taiwan, followed by Japan, then North America. The respondents were grouped into 3 clusters according to their engagement level in all protective behaviors. These 3 clusters were significantly different from each other in terms of the participants' sex, residency, perceived barriers, self-efficacy, and cues of action. CONCLUSIONS This study used an HBM-based questionnaire to assess protective behaviors against COVID-19 and the associated factors across multiple countries. The findings indicate significant differences in various HBM concepts among individuals with varying levels of behavioral engagement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Chun Tang
- School of Nursing, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
- National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsi Chen
- School of Nursing, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shao-Yu Tsai
- School of Nursing, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
- National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Wen Wu
- School of Nursing, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
- National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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Nissen M, Perez CA, Jaeger KM, Bleher H, Flaucher M, Huebner H, Danzberger N, Titzmann A, Pontones CA, Fasching PA, Beckmann MW, Eskofier BM, Leutheuser H. Usability and Perception of a Wearable-Integrated Digital Maternity Record App in Germany: User Study. JMIR Pediatr Parent 2023; 6:e50765. [PMID: 38109377 PMCID: PMC10750977 DOI: 10.2196/50765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Although digital maternity records (DMRs) have been evaluated in the past, no previous work investigated usability or acceptance through an observational usability study. Objective The primary objective was to assess the usability and perception of a DMR smartphone app for pregnant women. The secondary objective was to assess personal preferences and habits related to online information searching, wearable data presentation and interpretation, at-home examination, and sharing data for research purposes during pregnancy. Methods A DMR smartphone app was developed. Key features such as wearable device integration, study functionalities (eg, questionnaires), and common pregnancy app functionalities (eg, mood tracker) were included. Women who had previously given birth were invited to participate. Participants completed 10 tasks while asked to think aloud. Sessions were conducted via Zoom. Video, audio, and the shared screen were recorded for analysis. Task completion times, task success, errors, and self-reported (free text) feedback were evaluated. Usability was measured through the System Usability Scale (SUS) and User Experience Questionnaire (UEQ). Semistructured interviews were conducted to explore the secondary objective. Results A total of 11 participants (mean age 34.6, SD 2.2 years) were included in the study. A mean SUS score of 79.09 (SD 18.38) was achieved. The app was rated "above average" in 4 of 6 UEQ categories. Sixteen unique features were requested. We found that 5 of 11 participants would only use wearables during pregnancy if requested to by their physician, while 10 of 11 stated they would share their data for research purposes. Conclusions Pregnant women rely on their medical caregivers for advice, including on the use of mobile and ubiquitous health technology. Clear benefits must be communicated if issuing wearable devices to pregnant women. Participants that experienced pregnancy complications in the past were overall more open toward the use of wearable devices in pregnancy. Pregnant women have different opinions regarding access to, interpretation of, and reactions to alerts based on wearable data. Future work should investigate personalized concepts covering these aspects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Nissen
- Machine Learning and Data Analytics Lab, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Carlos A Perez
- Machine Learning and Data Analytics Lab, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Katharina M Jaeger
- Machine Learning and Data Analytics Lab, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Hannah Bleher
- Department of Social Ethics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Madeleine Flaucher
- Machine Learning and Data Analytics Lab, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Hanna Huebner
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Erlangen University Hospital, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Nina Danzberger
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Erlangen University Hospital, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Adriana Titzmann
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Erlangen University Hospital, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Constanza A Pontones
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Erlangen University Hospital, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Peter A Fasching
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Erlangen University Hospital, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Matthias W Beckmann
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Erlangen University Hospital, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Bjoern M Eskofier
- Machine Learning and Data Analytics Lab, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Heike Leutheuser
- Machine Learning and Data Analytics Lab, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
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Archibald M, Makinde S, Tongol N, Levasseur-Puhach S, Roos L. Experiences and Priorities in Youth and Family Mental Health: Protocol for an Arts-Based Priority-Setting Focus Group Study. JMIR Res Protoc 2023; 12:e50208. [PMID: 37934557 PMCID: PMC10664011 DOI: 10.2196/50208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND During the COVID-19 pandemic, eHealth services enabled providers to reach families despite widespread social distancing restrictions. However, their rapid adoption often occurred without community partners' involvement and without an understanding of how they prioritize aspects of their mental health and associated service provision, both of which promote family and community-centered health care delivery. Establishing priorities in health care is essential for developing meaningful and reliable health services. As such, there is an urgent need to understand how eHealth service users, especially families who may have historically faced oppression and systemic barriers to service access, can best benefit from them. Arts-based approaches can elicit an understanding of priorities by providing an engaging and expressive means of moving beyond readily expressible discursive language and stimulating meaningful dialogue reflective of participants' lived experiences. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this research is to determine the priorities and preferences of youth; parents or caregivers; newcomers and immigrants; and Indigenous community members regarding the use of eHealth in supporting their mental health using an innovative arts-based priority-setting method. METHODS This study uses a mixed-methods approach combining qualitative, quantitative, and arts-based research. It follows a survey used to identify key knowledge partners who are interested in improving eHealth services for mental health support in Manitoba, Canada. Knowledge partners interested in group-based priority setting will be contacted to participate. We will facilitate approximately two focus groups across each subgroup of youth, parents or caregivers, newcomers or immigrants, and Indigenous community members using an integrative, quantitatively anchored arts-based method termed the "Circle of Importance" to understand participants' mental health priorities and how eHealth or technology may support their mental well-being. The Circle of Importance involves placing small objects, whose meaning is determined by participants, on a visual board with concentric circles that correspond to a 5-point Likert scale of importance. Following each focus group, we will evaluate participants' and focus group facilitators' experiences of the Circle of Importance using a survey and follow-up structured in-person interviews to garner how we can improve the arts-based approach used in the focus groups. RESULTS The PRIME (Partnering for Research Innovation in Mental Health through eHealth Excellence) theme received institutional ethics approval on August 23, 2023. Data collection is projected for August 2023, with follow-up focus groups occurring in early 2024 as required. Data analysis will occur immediately following data collection. CONCLUSIONS Findings will directly inform a multiyear applied research agenda for PRIME aimed at improving mental health services through engaging key knowledge partners. The results may inform how arts-based methods in a priority setting can reflect aspects of experience beyond the capacities of qualitative or quantitative methods alone, and whether this approach aligns well with a positive experience of research participation. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID) PRR1-10.2196/50208.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mandy Archibald
- University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | | | | | | | - Leslie Roos
- University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
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13
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Swakowska K, Religioni U, Staniszewska A. Opinion of Polish Patients with Epilepsy on Generic Medications. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:2717. [PMID: 37893791 PMCID: PMC10606757 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11202717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM The majority of medicines used in Poland are generic drugs and substitutions of the originals. The objective of this study was to obtain information on the current knowledge about generic medicines among Polish patients with epilepsy. MATERIAL AND METHODS The conducted study was based on a self-developed questionnaire. The questionnaire consisted of 26 questions, including the questions regarding the respondents' knowledge about generics, their previous experience, and the factors behind these choices. RESULTS Overall, 1220 questionnaires were analyzed. Among all patients, 66.4% reportedly had heard about generics. Of these, 61.5% of patients had used generic drugs in the past. A significant proportion of participants had never been recommended to switch to a generic medicine by their healthcare professional (23% physicians and 13.9% pharmacists). Statistically, relevant differences were observed regarding the respondents' kind and level of education, place of residence, and net income per household. CONCLUSIONS Significant gaps were identified in the knowledge and perceptions among patients regarding generic medicines, especially in relation to their efficacy and safety. Efforts must be directed towards increasing public awareness of generic medicines and there should also be a focus on educating patients about generic medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Urszula Religioni
- School of Public Health, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education of Warsaw, 01-826 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Anna Staniszewska
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
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14
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Forrest R, Pearson M, Awawdeh L. Pet Owners' Attitudes and Opinions towards Cat and Dog Care Practices in Aotearoa New Zealand. Vet Sci 2023; 10:606. [PMID: 37888558 PMCID: PMC10611160 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci10100606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
This research aimed to explore cat and dog owners' attitudes and opinions towards various pet care practices in Aotearoa New Zealand (NZ), and determine what factors were associated with them. An online survey composed of both closed and open-ended questions was administered from January to March 2019. A total of 2358 respondents answered the questions on pet care practices. Of these, 37.5 percent (n = 885) were both dog and cat owners, 28.0 percent (n = 652) were cat owners, and 26.0 percent (n = 609) were dog owners, while 9% (n = 212) of respondents did not own a cat or dog at the time of taking the survey. The study revealed that most respondents (>90%) acknowledge the importance of providing adequate housing, regular worming and flea treatments, microchipping, and vaccinations for their pets. Notably, demographic factors such as gender, ethnicity, age range, having children, having a rural upbringing, and place of residence influenced owners' attitudes, with those towards cat care practices varying more than those for dogs. The study highlights the need for responsible pet ownership interventions considering these demographic factors. The study identifies a knowledge gap among pet owners concerning the importance of regular veterinary visits and the impact of breeding for certain looks on animal welfare. The use of shock collar devices provoked varying opinions on their usage for training and behavior modification. The study suggests that enhancing pet owners' knowledge is pivotal for responsible pet ownership. Overall, the findings emphasize the need for tailored interventions that account for demographic variations for promoting responsible pet ownership and animal welfare. The findings underscore the importance of improving access to veterinary health care teams, especially in rural areas, and of providing culturally appropriate education resources for both pet owners and veterinary health care teams.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Forrest
- Te Pūkenga—Eastern Institute of Technology, Hawke’s Bay, 501 Gloucester Street, Taradale, Napier 4112, New Zealand
| | - Maria Pearson
- Independent Researcher, Hawke’s Bay 4294, New Zealand
| | - Leena Awawdeh
- Western Sydney University, Richmond, NSW 2753, Australia;
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O'Connor H, Melanophy G, Martin CM, Flattery M, O'Dea E. Transition to ePrescribing for systemic anti-cancer therapy - Perceptions of a multidisciplinary haematology/oncology team in a large teaching hospital. J Oncol Pharm Pract 2023; 29:1404-1417. [PMID: 36341732 DOI: 10.1177/10781552221126102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION A National Cancer Information System is planned for phased implementation in Irish cancer centres to enable electronic prescribing (ePrescribing) of systemic anti-cancer therapy. This study aimed to capture the opinions of healthcare professionals in a hospital setting relating to the current paper-based workflow for systemic anti-cancer therapy prescribing and their attitudes and expectations of the new ePrescribing system to develop recommendations, which assist in the planning and implementation of future ePrescribing systems. METHODS A mixed methods study of concurrent design was conducted. Interviews with healthcare professionals primarily aimed to evaluate processes and identify areas requiring improvement within the current paper-based workflow for systemic anti-cancer therapy prescribing. An online questionnaire adapted from the Information Systems Expectations and Experiences tool primarily aimed to capture expectations of the new ePrescribing system and attitudes towards the transition. RESULTS Twelve healthcare professionals were interviewed, and 50 healthcare professionals responded to the online questionnaire (response rate: 33.3%). Eight major themes emerged from interview transcripts relating to opinions on the paper-based workflow. Questionnaire respondents reported positive attitudes towards ePrescribing implementation and had high expectations for workflow improvements and functionalities of the new system. Seven recommendations for ePrescribing implementation were developed: (1) prioritise specific processes; (2) plan for changes in communication; (3) repeat research in the post-implementation setting; (4) ensure good information technology infrastructure and system support; (5) ensure optimum training; (6) outline limitations of clinical decision support; (7) provide clear instructions on local configurability. CONCLUSION This study identifies potential challenges in transitioning to ePrescribing and provides recommendations, which assist stakeholders in ensuring safe and effective transitions, thus informing future ePrescribing systems' implementation in haematology/oncology settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah O'Connor
- Pharmacy Department, St James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
| | - Gail Melanophy
- Pharmacy Department, St James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | | | - Edel O'Dea
- Wellcome-HRB Clinical Research Facility, St James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
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16
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Dobbs PD, Boykin AA, Ezike N, Myers AJ, Colditz JB, Primack BA. Twitter Sentiment About the US Federal Tobacco 21 Law: Mixed Methods Analysis. JMIR Form Res 2023; 7:e50346. [PMID: 37651169 PMCID: PMC10502593 DOI: 10.2196/50346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND On December 20, 2019, the US "Tobacco 21" law raised the minimum legal sales age of tobacco products to 21 years. Initial research suggests that misinformation about Tobacco 21 circulated via news sources on Twitter and that sentiment about the law was associated with particular types of tobacco products and included discussions about other age-related behaviors. However, underlying themes about this sentiment as well as temporal trends leading up to enactment of the law have not been explored. OBJECTIVE This study sought to examine (1) sentiment (pro-, anti-, and neutral policy) about Tobacco 21 on Twitter and (2) volume patterns (number of tweets) of Twitter discussions leading up to the enactment of the federal law. METHODS We collected tweets related to Tobacco 21 posted between September 4, 2019, and December 31, 2019. A 2% subsample of tweets (4628/231,447) was annotated by 2 experienced, trained coders for policy-related information and sentiment. To do this, a codebook was developed using an inductive procedure that outlined the operational definitions and examples for the human coders to annotate sentiment (pro-, anti-, and neutral policy). Following the annotation of the data, the researchers used a thematic analysis to determine emergent themes per sentiment category. The data were then annotated again to capture frequencies of emergent themes. Concurrently, we examined trends in the volume of Tobacco 21-related tweets (weekly rhythms and total number of tweets over the time data were collected) and analyzed the qualitative discussions occurring at those peak times. RESULTS The most prevalent category of tweets related to Tobacco 21 was neutral policy (514/1113, 46.2%), followed by antipolicy (432/1113, 38.8%); 167 of 1113 (15%) were propolicy or supportive of the law. Key themes identified among neutral tweets were news reports and discussion of political figures, parties, or government involvement in general. Most discussions were generated from news sources and surfaced in the final days before enactment. Tweets opposing Tobacco 21 mentioned that the law was unfair to young audiences who were addicted to nicotine and were skeptical of the law's efficacy and importance. Methods used to evade the law were found to be represented in both neutral and antipolicy tweets. Propolicy tweets focused on the protection of youth and described the law as a sensible regulatory approach rather than a complete ban of all products or flavored products. Four spikes in daily volume were noted, 2 of which corresponded with political speeches and 2 with the preparation and passage of the legislation. CONCLUSIONS Understanding themes of public sentiment-as well as when Twitter activity is most active-will help public health professionals to optimize health promotion activities to increase community readiness and respond to enforcement needs including education for retailers and the general public.
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Affiliation(s)
- Page D Dobbs
- Health, Human Performance and Recreation Department, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | - Allison Ames Boykin
- Education Statistics and Research Methods, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | - Nnamdi Ezike
- Education Statistics and Research Methods, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | - Aaron J Myers
- Education Statistics and Research Methods, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | - Jason B Colditz
- Division of General Internal Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Brian A Primack
- College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
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Jokinen S, Ruohola A, Tähtinen PA. Parental experiences and opinions regarding the management of acute otitis media in Finland-a comparative questionnaire between 2006 and 2019. Fam Pract 2023:cmad069. [PMID: 37389554 DOI: 10.1093/fampra/cmad069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Treatment guidelines for acute otitis media (AOM) have changed over the past 20 years. Watchful waiting is often recommended as an option for antibiotic treatment and the use of proper pain medication is emphasised. OBJECTIVE To study parental experiences and opinions regarding the management of AOM and compare our findings with our previous questionnaire submitted in 2006. METHODS We sent an online survey link through day-care centres and Facebook parental groups in Turku area. Children <4 years of age attending day care were included in the analysis. We asked about the child's history of AOM, parental opinions about AOM treatment, and antibiotic resistance. Results of 2019 were compared with those of 2006. RESULTS Altogether 84% (320/381) and 83% (568/681) of children had had at least 1 episode of AOM in 2019 and 2006, respectively. In 2019, more children had been treated without antibiotics (30% vs. 13%, P < 0.001) and fewer parents thought that antibiotics are necessary for the treatment of AOM (70% vs. 85%, P < 0.001) compared with 2006. The use and knowledge of painkillers had increased over the past 13 years. Painkillers had been given at least once to 93% (296/320) of children in 2019 and 80% (441/552) of children in 2006 (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Today, more parents accept watchful waiting as a treatment option for AOM and give painkillers to their children, which indicates that the education about optimal management of AOM has reached parents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvia Jokinen
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Aino Ruohola
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Paula A Tähtinen
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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Li I, Fong R, Hagen M, Tabaac B. Medical student attitudes and perceptions of psychedelic-assisted therapies. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1190507. [PMID: 37441143 PMCID: PMC10335742 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1190507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Although certain psychedelic agents may soon gain federal approval for use in treating specific psychiatric conditions, the utilization of such therapies in clinical practice will depend largely on the attitudes of healthcare providers. Therefore, this study assesses the current attitudes, knowledge, exposure, and acceptance of psychedelics and psychedelic-assisted therapies amongst medical students. Methods In fall semester of 2022, surveys were emailed to 580 medical students attending medical institutions in the state of Nevada in the United States. Utilizing knowledge and attitude items from previously published studies, the survey collected demographic data and assessed student attitudes with five-point Likert-scale variables. Data was analyzed using summary statistics and Kruskal-Wallis tests for differences in mean survey scores (i.e., attitudes towards psychedelics) based on demographic factors. Results 132 medical students participated in the survey (22.7% response rate). Medical students demonstrated overall positive attitudes towards psychedelics, lack of knowledge regarding psychedelics, and uncertainty towards neurocognitive risks of psychedelics. Overall, 78.6% of students agreed that psychedelics have therapeutic potential, while 95.2% agreed that psychedelics deserves further research in assessing this potential. Additionally, there was no statistically significant effect of demographic variables, including age, sex, and level of training, on attitudes. Discussion Although students are overall curious and optimistic about psychedelics, they demonstrate a lack of knowledge regarding recent research efforts. As the field of psychiatry prepares to implement psychedelics and psychedelic-assisted therapies, education and awareness of such agents should be initiated early on in medical clinical training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Li
- School of Medicine, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, NV, United States
| | - Rodney Fong
- School of Medicine, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, NV, United States
| | - Molly Hagen
- School of Medicine, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, NV, United States
- School of Public Health, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, NV, United States
| | - Burton Tabaac
- School of Medicine, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, NV, United States
- Department of Neurology, Carson Tahoe Health, Reno, NV, United States
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Syed W, Basil A Al-Rawi M. Assessment of Awareness, Perceptions, and Opinions towards Artificial Intelligence among Healthcare Students in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Medicina (Kaunas) 2023; 59:medicina59050828. [PMID: 37241062 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59050828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Background and Objective: The role of the pharmacist in healthcare society is unique, since they are providers of health information and medication counseling to patients. Hence, this study aimed to evaluate Awareness, Perceptions, and Opinions towards Artificial intelligence (AI) among pharmacy undergraduate students at King Saud University (KSU), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional, questionnaire-based study was conducted between December 2022 and January 2023 using online questionnaires. The data collection was carried out using convenience sampling methods among senior pharmacy students at the College of Pharmacy, King Saud University. Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 26 was used to analyze the data (SPSS). Results: A total of one hundred and fifty-seven pharmacy students completed the questionnaires. Of these, most of them (n = 118; 75.2%) were males. About 42%, (n = 65) were in their fourth year of study. Most of the students (n = 116; 73.9%) knew about AI. In addition, 69.4% (n = 109) of the students thought that AI is a tool that helps healthcare professionals (HCP). However, more than half 57.3% (n = 90) of the students were aware that AI would assist healthcare professionals in becoming better with the widespread use of AI. Furthermore, 75.1% of the students agreed that AI reduces errors in medical practice. The mean positive perception score was 29.8 (SD = 9.63; range-0-38). The mean score was significantly associated with age (p = 0.030), year of study (p = 0.040), and nationality (p = 0.013). The gender of the participants was found to have no significant association with the mean positive perception score (p = 0.916). Conclusions: Overall, pharmacy students showed good awareness of AI in Saudi Arabia. Moreover, the majority of the students had positive perceptions about the concepts, benefits, and implementation of AI. Moreover, most students indicated that there is a need for more education and training in the field of AI. Consequently, early exposure to content related to AI in the curriculum of pharmacy is an important step to help in the wide use of these technologies in the graduates' future careers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wajid Syed
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mahmood Basil A Al-Rawi
- Department of Optometry, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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Blease C, Torous J, Dong Z, Davidge G, DesRoches C, Kharko A, Turner A, Jones R, Hägglund M, McMillan B. Patient Online Record Access in English Primary Care: Qualitative Survey Study of General Practitioners' Views. J Med Internet Res 2023; 25:e43496. [PMID: 36811939 PMCID: PMC9996425 DOI: 10.2196/43496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In 2022, NHS England announced plans to ensure that all adult primary care patients in England would have full online access to new data added to their general practitioner (GP) record. However, this plan has not yet been fully implemented. Since April 2020, the GP contract in England has already committed to offering patients full online record access on a prospective basis and on request. However, there has been limited research into UK GPs' experiences and opinions about this practice innovation. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to explore the experiences and opinions of GPs in England about patients' access to their full web-based health record, including clinicians' free-text summaries of the consultation (so-called "open notes"). METHODS In March 2022, using a convenience sample, we administered a web-based mixed methods survey of 400 GPs in the United Kingdom to explore their experiences and opinions about the impact on patients and GPs' practices to offer patients full online access to their health records. Participants were recruited using the clinician marketing service Doctors.net.uk from registered GPs currently working in England. We conducted a qualitative descriptive analysis of written responses ("comments") to 4 open-ended questions embedded in a web-based questionnaire. RESULTS Of 400 GPs, 224 (56%) left comments that were classified into 4 major themes: increased strain on GP practices, the potential to harm patients, changes to documentation, and legal concerns. GPs believed that patient access would lead to extra work for them, reduced efficiency, and increased burnout. The participants also believed that access would increase patient anxiety and incur risks to patient safety. Experienced and perceived documentation changes included reduced candor and changes to record functionality. Anticipated legal concerns encompassed fears about increased litigation risks and lack of legal guidance to GPs about how to manage documentation that would be read by patients and potential third parties. CONCLUSIONS This study provides timely information on the views of GPs in England regarding patient access to their web-based health records. Overwhelmingly, GPs were skeptical about the benefits of access both for patients and to their practices. These views are similar to those expressed by clinicians in other countries, including Nordic countries and the United States before patient access. The survey was limited by the convenience sample, and it is not possible to infer that our sample was representative of the opinions of GPs in England. More extensive, qualitative research is required to understand the perspectives of patients in England after experiencing access to their web-based records. Finally, further research is needed to explore objective measures of the impact of patient access to their records on health outcomes, clinician workload, and changes to documentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Blease
- Division of General Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.,Digital Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - John Torous
- Digital Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Zhiyong Dong
- Division of General Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Gail Davidge
- Centre for Primary Care and Health Services Research, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Catherine DesRoches
- Division of General Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Anna Kharko
- Healthcare Sciences and e-Health, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.,School of Psychology, Faculty of Health, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Turner
- Centre for Academic Primary Care, Population Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom.,National Institute for Health Research Applied Research Collaboration West, University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Foundation Trust, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Ray Jones
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Faculty of Health, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, United Kingdom
| | - Maria Hägglund
- Healthcare Sciences and e-Health, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Brian McMillan
- Centre for Primary Care and Health Services Research, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
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Leung T, Mpofu C, Wepa D. Analyzing the Perspectives of Health Professionals and Legal Cannabis Users on the Treatment of Chronic Pain With Cannabidiol: Protocol for a Scoping Review. JMIR Res Protoc 2023; 12:e37697. [PMID: 36662570 PMCID: PMC9898834 DOI: 10.2196/37697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Medical cannabis is one of the most commonly reported treatments for chronic pain. The wide acceptance and research in alternative medicine have put medical cannabis in the limelight, where researchers are widely examining its therapeutic benefits, including treatment of chronic pain. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this scoping review is to provide an overview of the perspectives on cannabidiol as an alternative treatment for chronic pain among health professionals and legal cannabis users. METHODS The framework of Arksey and O'Malley guides the design of this scoping review, and the elements reported use the recommended guidelines of the PRISMA-ScR (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews). A comprehensive literature search accessed the databases CINAHL Complete and MEDLINE via EBSCO, Australia/New Zealand Reference Centre, PsycINFO, Ovid Emcare, Wiley Online Library, Scopus, Informit New Zealand Collection, and Google Scholar for published literature, and then it was extended to include gray literature. Gray literature searches included searching the databases Australia/New Zealand Reference Centre, Informit New Zealand Collection, INNZ: Index New Zealand, ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Global, and AUT Tuwhera Research Repository, and the website nzresearch.org.nz. The studies included in this scoping review were assessed for eligibility for inclusion using the following criteria: published in English after 2000, conducted in New Zealand (NZ) or Australia, and aimed to investigate the perspectives of health professionals and medical cannabis users using interviews for data collection. Studies were screened for inclusion using Covidence, a software tool to filter search results, and the risk of bias was assessed using the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme tool. Although this is not a required step for scoping reviews, it added an element of strength to this scoping review. Data will be analyzed using thematic analysis guided by Braun and Clarke. The findings from the data analysis will be presented in a table, which will then inform the key themes for discussion. RESULTS The database search started in October 2021 and was completed in December 2021. The total number of studies included in this review is 5 (n=5). Studies included were conducted in NZ or Australia and examined the perspectives using participant interviews. This scoping review is anticipated to be submitted for publication in December 2022. CONCLUSIONS Using perspectives is a valuable tool to understand the challenges experienced by health professionals and medical cannabis users associated with medical cannabis treatment. Addressing these challenges through interventions that are highlighted through perspectives such as educating health professionals to increase access to medical cannabis in NZ may aid in policy reformulation for medical cannabis in the context of NZ. Thus, this scoping review highlights the importance of medical cannabis research and suggests recommendations to guide and inform medical cannabis policy in the context of NZ. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID) DERR1-10.2196/37697.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Charles Mpofu
- School of Public Health, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Dianne Wepa
- University of Bradford, Bradford, United Kingdom.,University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
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22
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Ronza Al-Teete, Intan Idiana Hassan, Azidah Abdul Kadir, Raeda AbuAlRub. Nursing lecturers' perception toward E-learning approaches used in nursing colleges: Scoping review. J Prof Nurs 2023; 46. [PMID: 37188398 PMCID: PMC10028495 DOI: 10.1016/j.profnurs.2023.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2023]
Abstract
Background Nursing colleges have traditionally taught students in hospitals and laboratories. COVID-19 compelled most nursing colleges to embrace e-learning without prior experience or preparation after 2020, which may influence nursing educators' views and attitudes toward its use. Objective This scoping review explores the nursing educators' perception of the e-learning approaches used in nursing colleges. Design A comprehensive review of five databases, Cochrane, Ebsco (Medline), PubMed, Science Direct, and Scopus, was conducted, adhering to the Joanna Brings Institute (JBI) standards full theme, utilizing preset eligibility criteria and adhering to the PRISMA Extension for Scoping review (PRISMA-ScR) recommendations. Methods This scoping review examined studies published in English from January 1st, 2017–2022. Three reviewers evaluated the eligibility of the literature and retrieved data to address the research question from prior literature. A content analysis was done. Results Thirteen articles with various hypotheses and models were reviewed. The review reveals that nursing educators are novices at using e-learning approaches in their classes due to their novelty in most nursing colleges. Nursing educators have a modest positive perception, with an optimistic perspective on e-learning effectiveness in theoretical course teaching, emphasizing that it is inappropriate in teaching clinical courses. The review demonstrates that e-learning faces numerous challenges that negatively impact educators' perceptions. Conclusion Institutional preparedness in terms of personnel through educator training, provision of necessary infrastructure, administrative support, and incentives are critical to improving the perception of the e-learning method and increasing its adoption in nursing colleges.
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Kour P, Gele A, Aambø A, Qureshi SA, Sheikh NS, Vedaa Ø, Indseth T. Lowering COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy among immigrants in Norway: Opinions and suggestions by immigrants. Front Public Health 2022; 10:994125. [PMID: 36466508 PMCID: PMC9709441 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.994125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Even though COVID-19 vaccine has been proved effective, vaccine uptake and coverage has been and still is a great concern across different immigrant groups. Vaccine hesitancy remains a barrier to accept the vaccine among immigrants across the globe-including Norway-despite higher rates of hospitalizations and deaths. This study aimed to explore the opinions and suggestions of immigrants on how to lower the COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy among immigrants in Norway. Qualitative interviews were conducted with 88 persons with different immigrant background. Data was analyzed using framework analysis, utilizing "3Cs model of vaccine hesitancy" as a theoretical framework. The analysis yielded five main themes related to factors that may lower the vaccine hesitancy among immigrants in Norway: (1) Effective cultural communication, (2) Vaccine advocacy through community engagement, (3) Motivating factors, (4) Collaborative efforts via government and healthcare, and (5) Incentives for vaccination. This study enhanced our understanding of factors that according to immigrants themselves may lower the vaccine hesitancy. The insights obtained in this study can contribute to a better understanding of the current status of vaccine uptake among immigrants and can further give directions on how to improve vaccine uptake in these groups in Norway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prabhjot Kour
- Department of Infection Control and Preparedness, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway,*Correspondence: Prabhjot Kour
| | - Abdi Gele
- Unit for Migration and Health, Department of Health Services, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Arild Aambø
- Unit for Migration and Health, Department of Health Services, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Samera A. Qureshi
- Unit for Migration and Health, Department of Health Services, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Naima Said Sheikh
- Unit for Migration and Health, Department of Health Services, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Øystein Vedaa
- Department of Health Promotion, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Bergen, Norway,Department of Psychosocial Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Thor Indseth
- Unit for Migration and Health, Department of Health Services, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
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Abstract
COVID-19 has highlighted the importance of health information for prevention of communicable disease. Knowledge about groups that have high risk is important to prevent disease transmission. In Sweden, immigrants have been identified as one such group. Yet, little is known about where they have sourced information about COVID-19 and their opinions toward it. The aim of this study was to describe the COVID-19 information sources used by immigrants with limited proficiency in Swedish as well as their opinions on how comprehensive the information has been, the importance of the recommendations and their possibility to follow them. A cross-sectional survey was conducted via introductory Swedish language classes in Region Uppsala (n = 855). The results showed the immigrants were using different information sources, with the majority using school, media and social media. The immigrants' opinions about COVID-19 information differed. Most reported they knew where to find information; however, over two-fifths reported the recommendations from the authorities should be more extensive. The majority reported it is important to follow the recommendations, whereas the possibility to follow the recommendations was more mixed. Age differences in opinions toward COVID-19 information were detected. Although the results were largely positive, there still appears to be a need for improvement in how immigrant groups with limited ability in the host country´s language are reached. Effective health communication that engages the whole nation is an important factor authorities should commit to as we face the current pandemic. This research suggests that an approach tailored by age could be helpful.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sagal Roble
- Child Health and Parenting (CHAP), Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University
| | - Josefin Wångdahl
- Child Health and Parenting (CHAP), Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University
| | - Georgina Warner
- Child Health and Parenting (CHAP), Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University
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25
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Ghirotto L, Díaz Crescitelli ME, De Panfilis L, Caselli L, Serafini A, De Fiore L, Galeazzi GM, Costantini M. Italian health professionals on the mandatory COVID-19 vaccine: An online cross-sectional survey. Front Public Health 2022; 10:1015090. [PMID: 36339217 PMCID: PMC9629863 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.1015090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Italy was the first country in Europe to make vaccination against COVID-19 mandatory for healthcare professionals by imposing restrictions in cases of non-compliance. This study investigates the opinions of the Italian healthcare professionals' categories affected by the regulation. We performed a qualitative online survey: the questionnaire comprised both close- and open-ended questions. The final dataset included n = 4,677 valid responses. Responses to closed-ended questions were analyzed with descriptive statistics. The framework method was applied for analyzing the open-ended questions. The sample spanned all health professions subject to compulsory vaccination, with a prevalence of physicians (43.8%) and nurses (26.3%). The vaccine adhesion before the introduction of the obligation was substantial. 10.4% declared not to have adhered to the vaccination proposal. Thirty-five percent of HPs who opted not to get vaccinated said they experienced consequences related to their choice. The trust in the vaccine seems slightly cracked, demonstrating overall vaccine confidence among professionals. Nonetheless, our results show that whether (or not) professionals adhere to vaccination is not a reliable indicator of consent to how it was achieved. There are criticisms about the lawfulness of the obligation. The data show a great variety of participants interpreting their roles concerning public and individual ethics. The scientific evidence motivates ethics-related decisions-the epidemic of confusing and incorrect information affected professionals. The Law triggered an increased disaffection with the health system and conflicts between professionals. Dealing with the working climate should be a commitment to assume soon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Ghirotto
- Qualitative Research Unit, Azienda USL – IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy,*Correspondence: Luca Ghirotto
| | | | | | - Luana Caselli
- Scientific Directorate, Azienda USL – IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Arianna Serafini
- Scientific Directorate, Azienda USL – IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | | | - Gian Maria Galeazzi
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy,Department of Mental Health and Drug Abuse, Azienda USL – IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Massimo Costantini
- Scientific Directorate, Azienda USL – IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
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26
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Goff AJ, Donaldson A, de Oliveira Silva D, Crossley KM, Barton CJ. People With Knee Osteoarthritis Attending Physical Therapy Have Broad Education Needs and Prioritize Information About Surgery and Exercise: A Concept Mapping Study. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2022; 52:595-606. [PMID: 35712751 DOI: 10.2519/jospt.2022.11089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To (1) identify the education priorities of people with knee osteoarthritis, including perceived importance and confidence that a health care professional can address each, and (2) match priorities to education-specific content recommendations in knee osteoarthritis management guidelines. DESIGN Concept mapping methodology. METHODS Participants generated, sorted (based on themes), and rated (5-point Likert scales: importance and confidence) education priorities. Multidimensional scaling and hierarchical cluster analysis of sorting data produced a cluster map with overarching domains. Priorities were matched against education-specific content recommendations in knee osteoarthritis guidelines. RESULTS Participants (brainstorming, n = 43; sorting and rating, n = 24) generated 76 priorities. A 4-domain, 11-cluster map was the most useful representation of sorting data: (i) understanding treatment options (relationship of education and exercise with surgery, adjunct options, treatment decision making); (ii) exercise therapy (how to exercise, why exercise); (iii) understanding and managing the condition (symptom management, understanding symptoms, understanding the condition); and (4) surgical, medical, and dietary management (surgery, medications, diet and supplements). The "relationship of education and exercise with surgery" (3.88/5), "surgery" (3.86/5), and "how to exercise" (3.78/5) clusters were rated highest for importance. Few priorities identified by participants were clearly recommended as education-specific content recommendations in the American College of Rheumatology (3%, n = 2/76), European Alliance of Associations for Rheumatology (12%, n = 9/76), National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (16%, n = 12/76), and Osteoarthritis Research Society International (1%, n = 1/76) guidelines. CONCLUSION People with knee osteoarthritis presenting to physical therapists have broad education needs and prioritize information about surgery and exercise. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2022;52(9):595-606. Epub: 17 June 2022. doi:10.2519/jospt.2022.11089.
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Ramuscak AV, Ma DWL, Forbes LE, Duncan AM, Sadowski A, Haines J. Comparing the perceptions and opinions of the 2007 and 2019 Canada's food guides among parents of young children. Front Public Health 2022; 10:944648. [PMID: 36016900 PMCID: PMC9395618 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.944648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The Canada's Food Guide (CFG) is recognized as the most prominent authoritative guideline for healthy eating in Canada. In 2019, Health Canada released the latest iteration of the CFG with substantial changes to its messaging and format from the previous 2007 CFG. Objective This study compared the awareness, use, knowledge, and opinions of the 2007 and 2019 CFGs among parents with children aged 18 months to 5 years who are participants in a family-based intervention trial, the Guelph Family Health Study. Methods The sample consisted of 327 parents (59% women) who responded to questions about the 2007 CFG and 177 parents (60% women) who responded to questions about the 2019 CFG. Parents' awareness and knowledge of the 2007 and 2019 CFGs were compared using Pearson's Chi-Square, while parents' opinions of the two CFGs were compared using Wilcoxon Rank-Sum tests. To describe and provide context about how parents used the 2007 and 2019 CFG descriptive analysis was used. To analyze the open-answer comments parents provided for the 2007 and 2019 CFGs thematic coding was used. Results Awareness of the 2007 and 2019 CFGs was high with 94.5 and 90.4% of parents reported having heard about the 2007 and 2019 CFGs, respectively. Knowledge of the plate proportion recommendations in the 2019 CFG was significantly higher than knowledge of the recommended number of servings in the 2007 CFG with 93.4% of parents identifying the Vegetable and Fruit Plate Proportions in the 2019 CFG. Parents identified that the 2019 CFG was a helpful and trustworthy resource, and that it was easier to follow and understand, and more representative of their culture and traditional foods than the 2007 CFG. Conclusion Our results suggest that parents' knowledge of the 2019 CFG recommendations was higher than for the 2007 CFG recommendations. Parents also had more positive opinions about the 2019 CFG as compared to the 2007 CFG. Future research is needed to explore whether these higher levels knowledge of the 2019 CFG recommendation translate to healthier eating patterns among Canadian families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa V. Ramuscak
- Department of Family Relations and Applied Nutrition, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - David W. L. Ma
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Laura E. Forbes
- Department of Family Relations and Applied Nutrition, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Alison M. Duncan
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Adam Sadowski
- Department of Family Relations and Applied Nutrition, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Jess Haines
- Department of Family Relations and Applied Nutrition, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
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28
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Robinson T, Lefroy J. How do medical students' experiences inform their opinions of general practice and its potential as a future career choice? Educ Prim Care 2022; 33:156-164. [PMID: 35438598 DOI: 10.1080/14739879.2022.2045229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Recruitment of general practitioners (GPs) in the UK has been suboptimal. There is a wealth of literature exploring recruitment into general practice and opinions of general practice, set in many contexts. This paper aims to synthesise all the elements and extract mechanisms to explain what works, for whom in what circumstances, to create a comprehensive understanding and highlight potential target areas for improvement to improve understanding and fuel interest in general practice careers. A realist review of literature and contemporary data was conducted in line with RAMESES standards. Analysis and synthesis were aided by NVivo. An initial program theory was developed following discussion with expert informers. Sections of text from included literature relating to program theory were extracted and synthesised into a final program theory using a realist logic of analysis in which recurring Context-Mechanism-Outcome configurations (CMOCs) were identified. Searches identified 27 relevant documents. Twenty recurring CMOCs were extracted, explaining how student perceptions of General Practice were influenced by placement experiences, comments from hospital doctors, medical school faculty, peers, GPs, student perceptions of lifestyle and the media. The GP placement environment plays an important role in the formation of opinions about the speciality. The impact of social influence varies depending on the student's desire to belong to a reference group and their level of self-monitoring behaviour. The 'GP lifestyle' was judged to be compatible with many students' needs. This realist review provides recommendations on how curricula can adapt to provide an accurate insight into general practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toni Robinson
- School of Medicine, Keele University, Newcastle-under-Lyme, United Kingdom
| | - Janet Lefroy
- School of Medicine, Keele University, Newcastle-under-Lyme, United Kingdom
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29
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Mannasaheb BA, Alajlan SA, Alshahrani JA, Othman N, Alolayan SO, Alamrah MS, Asdaq SMB, Al-Qahtani AM, Shaikh IA, Alasmary MY. Prevalence, Predictors and Point of View Toward Self-Medication Among Residents of Riyadh, Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Study. Front Public Health 2022; 10:862301. [PMID: 35400077 PMCID: PMC8989923 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.862301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Irrational Self-Medication (SM) practice leads to incorrect diagnosis and is a risk factor for disease exacerbation and serious health consequences. Hence Responsible SM is vital for better health outcomes. In the present community-based study we explored the SM practice during the last 3 months, frequency, outcome, medications used, reasons influencing SM, source of the drug, and information. Data were analyzed using SPSS; chi-square test was performed to indicate significance, Odds ratio, Pearson correlation, univariant and multivariant regression analysis were performed to find out factors and predictors of SM. A total of 611 residents completed the survey. SM was practiced by 52.9% of participants during the last 3 months, with a frequency of one to two times. Headache (64.8%), pain (35.4%), fever/flu (31.4%), cold & cough (21.9%) and dysmenorrhea (20.9%) were illnesses managed using pain killers (75.9%), multivitamins (25.5%), anti-pyretic (24.7%) and herbal medicines (18.5%). Minor illness (67.9%), earlier experience (33.9%) and shortness of time to attend healthcare facilities (18.8%) were the reasons for practicing SM. Distance to healthcare and routine physical activity have significantly influenced the SM practice. Residents stated that inappropriate SM would lead to negative outcomes, including drug side effects (70%), Interaction (34.2%), poor treatment outcome (32.6%) and return of symptoms (26.5%). Interestingly, two-thirds of participants (68.9%) have recommended SM in case of minor illnesses only, 85.3% of respondents have expressed their desire to learn more about appropriate SM, and 76.6% are willing to return their leftover or unused medications to drug take-back centers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Noordin Othman
- Clinical and Hospital Pharmacy Department, College of Pharmacy, Taibah University, Al-Madinah Al-Munawwarah, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Management and Science University, University Drive, Shah Alam, Malaysia
| | - Sultan Othman Alolayan
- Clinical and Hospital Pharmacy Department, College of Pharmacy, Taibah University, Al-Madinah Al-Munawwarah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Saleh Alamrah
- General Practitioner Physician at Almansk PHCC, Directorate of Health Affairs in Asir Region, Ministry of Health, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Awad Mohammed Al-Qahtani
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, Najran University, Najran, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ibrahim Ahmed Shaikh
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Najran University, Najran, Saudi Arabia
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30
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Mocanu GD, Murariu G, Munteanu D. The Influence of Socio-Demographic Factors on the Forms of Leisure for the Students at the Faculty of Physical Education and Sports. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021; 18:ijerph182312577. [PMID: 34886300 PMCID: PMC8657363 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182312577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The study investigates the influences of gender, area of origin and age stage variables and also of the interaction between them, on the free time behavior of the students at the Faculty of Physical Education and Sports from Galati. The questionnaire applied in the academic year 2019–2020 had 85 items and was structured on 4 factors: leisure budget, leisure limiting factors, preferred leisure activities, and leisure sports activities. The multivariate/MANOVA analysis showed statistically significant data for some of the analyzed items, with values of F associated with thresholds p < 0.05. The results support longer screen time for urban areas and for those <25 years and time limitation for the favorite activities of students >25 years, while reading had higher stress scores for men and students <25 years. Men tended to limit their free time working overtime and women limited their free time due to housework. Students from rural areas and men >25 years were more stressed by socializing on the internet and shopping. Financial limitations for preferred activities were higher for women and students <25 years—women read more and visited their friends more often while men had higher scores in relation to involvement in physical activities throughout the week, an aspect also reported for those <25 years. Students >25 years spent more time with their family, while those <25 years socialized more on the internet and had better scores when going out with friends. Those in urban areas did more jogging, men had better scores in relation to playing sports games, higher indicators for the satisfaction generated by sports activity, and women preferred jogging and cycling/rollerblading. Sports games and different types of fitness were the most common variants practiced at the level of the studied group. Conclusion: There was no dominant orientation of the investigated group towards forms of passive leisure and there were no cases of sedentariness, even if the use of technologies (video games, socializing on the Internet and TV) were forms of leisure often used by students.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Danut Mocanu
- Department of Individual Sports and Physical Therapy, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, “Dunarea de Jos” University of Galati, 800008 Galati, Romania;
| | - Gabriel Murariu
- Chemistry, Physics and Environment Department, Faculty of Sciences and Environment, “Dunarea de Jos” University of Galati, 800008 Galati, Romania
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +40-74-012-6940
| | - Dan Munteanu
- Department of Computers and Information Technology, Faculty of Automation, Computer Sciences, Electronics and Electrical Engineering, “Dunarea de Jos” University of Galati, 800008 Galati, Romania;
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Al-Najmi YA, Subki AH, Alzaidi NS, Butt NS, Alsammahi AA, Madani FM, Alsallum MS, Al-Harbi RS, Alhibshi NM. Medical Schools' Ophthalmology Course: An Appraisal by Ophthalmology Residents. Int J Gen Med 2021; 14:8365-8372. [PMID: 34819744 PMCID: PMC8607127 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s330044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To investigate the perception and satisfaction of ophthalmology residents with the currently provided ophthalmology curricula to medical students. Methods A cross-sectional survey involving first to fourth year ophthalmology residents (N = 106) from all regions of Saudi Arabia was conducted between December 2018 and February 2019. An online questionnaire explored opinions about the ophthalmology course regarding three dimensions. Firstly, adequacy in covering essential parts of the specialty; secondly, improvements required; and thirdly, effectiveness. A score (0–21) was calculated, indicating the overall suitability of the ophthalmology course. In addition, factors of good overall suitability (score ≥10) were analyzed. Results Regarding adequacy, respondents opined that the ophthalmology course did not reasonably cover the basic part (35.8%), clinical part (61.3%), common disease (26.4%), and emergencies (39.6%). Concerning improvements required, more than 80% of the participants expressed that the course required to be improved for all its features, including duration (80.2%), objectives (85.8%), content (82.1%), organization (83.0%), and supervision (81.1%). As to effectiveness, half of them deemed the course unhelpful in familiarizing general practitioners with common ophthalmic diseases and emergencies. Overall, the ophthalmology course was generally deemed suitable (score ≥10) for only 27.4% of the participants, with no differences across gender, level, or region. Conclusion Ophthalmology residents perceived multiple deficits in the current Saudi ophthalmology teaching course. Significant improvements in ophthalmologic curricula are required, besides coping with unprecedented technological advancement in the ophthalmological field.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ahmed Hussein Subki
- Department of Internal Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Nadeem Shafique Butt
- Department of Community Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Firas Mohamed Madani
- Department of Ophthalmology, King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Rakan Salah Al-Harbi
- Department of Family Medicine, King Fahd Armed Forces Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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Sideli L, Sartorio C, Ferraro L, Mannino G, Giunta S, Giannone F, Seminerio F, Barone MV, Maniaci G, Montana S, Marchese F, La Barbera D, La Cascia C. Views of Schizophrenia Among Future Healthcare Professionals: Differences in Relation to Diagnostic Labelling, Causal Explanations, and Type of Academic Degree Program. Clin Neuropsychiatry 2021; 18:260-269. [PMID: 34984069 PMCID: PMC8696287 DOI: 10.36131/cnfioritieditore20210504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Stereotyped beliefs about schizophrenia are well-established in the society and relatively common among healthcare professionals and students. The aim of this study was to investigate the opinions about the causes, treatment, and outcome of schizophrenia among healthcare students. METHOD Undergraduate nursing and psychology students completed selected items of the Opinion on Mental Illness Questionnaire after reading a clinical vignette of undiagnosed schizophrenia. RESULTS Students who labelled the description as schizophrenia were more pessimistic regarding full recovery from the disorder. Those who acknowledged greater relevance to biogenetic risk factors were more convinced of the efficacy of medications. Respondents' opinions on the efficacy of psychological interventions were more positive among psychology students than among nursing students. CONCLUSIONS The study confirmed the associations of schizophrenia labelling with prognostic pessimism and beliefs about the efficacy of pharmacological treatment among future healthcare professionals. Students' opinions were less influenced by differences between academic degree programs. Information about current recovery rate and comprehensive care for schizophrenia may support future healthcare professionals in the relationship and the clinical management of PWS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Sideli
- Department of Human Science, LUMSA University, Rome, Italy.,Corresponding author Lucia Sideli Department of Human Sciences, LUMSA University, Rome, Italy. E-mail
| | - Crocettarachele Sartorio
- Section of Psychiatry, Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience, and Advanced Diagnostic, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Laura Ferraro
- Section of Psychiatry, Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience, and Advanced Diagnostic, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | | | | | - Francesca Giannone
- Department of Psychological and Educational Sciences, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Fabio Seminerio
- Section of Psychiatry, Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience, and Advanced Diagnostic, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - M. Valentina Barone
- Section of Psychiatry, Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience, and Advanced Diagnostic, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Maniaci
- Section of Psychiatry, Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience, and Advanced Diagnostic, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Simonetta Montana
- Section of Psychiatry, Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience, and Advanced Diagnostic, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Fulvio Marchese
- Section of Psychiatry, Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience, and Advanced Diagnostic, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Daniele La Barbera
- Section of Psychiatry, Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience, and Advanced Diagnostic, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Caterina La Cascia
- Section of Psychiatry, Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience, and Advanced Diagnostic, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
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Oxholm C, Christensen AMS, Christiansen R, Wiil UK, Nielsen AS. Attitudes of Patients and Health Professionals Regarding Screening Algorithms: Qualitative Study. JMIR Form Res 2021; 5:e17971. [PMID: 34383666 PMCID: PMC8386394 DOI: 10.2196/17971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background As a preamble to an attempt to develop a tool that can aid health professionals at hospitals in identifying whether the patient may have an alcohol abuse problem, this study investigates opinions and attitudes among both health professionals and patients about using patient data from electronic health records (EHRs) in an algorithm screening for alcohol problems. Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the attitudes and opinions of patients and health professionals at hospitals regarding the use of previously collected data in developing and implementing an algorithmic helping tool in EHR for screening inexpedient alcohol habits; in addition, the study aims to analyze how patients would feel about asking and being asked about alcohol by staff, based on a notification in the EHR from such a tool. Methods Using semistructured interviews, we interviewed 9 health professionals and 5 patients to explore their opinions and attitudes about an algorithm-based helping tool and about asking and being asked about alcohol usage when being given a reminder from this type of tool. The data were analyzed using an ad hoc method consistent with a close reading and meaning condensing. Results The health professionals were both positive and negative about a helping tool grounded in algorithms. They were optimistic about the potential of such a tool to save some time by providing a quick overview if it was easy to use but, on the negative side, noted that this type of helping tool might take away the professionals’ instinct. The patients were overall positive about the helping tool, stating that they would find this tool beneficial for preventive care. Some of the patients expressed concerns that the information provided by the tool could be misused. Conclusions When developing and implementing an algorithmic helping tool, the following aspects should be considered: (1) making the helping tool as transparent in its recommendations as possible, avoiding black boxing, and ensuring room for professional discretion in clinical decision making; and (2) including and taking into account the attitudes and opinions of patients and health professionals in the design and development process of such an algorithmic helping tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Oxholm
- Department for the Study of Culture, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | | | - Regina Christiansen
- Department for the Study of Culture, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Uffe Kock Wiil
- The Maersk Mc-Kinney Moller Institute, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Anette Søgaard Nielsen
- Research Unit of Clinical Alcohol Research, Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
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Moniz Dionísio J, Santos M, Rodrigues AM, Rêgo A, Vítor J, Delgado S, Pinheiro R, Neves P, Figueiredo C, Costa JB, Vale J, Salgado V, Timóteo Â. Opinions, beliefs and knowledge of people with multiple sclerosis on COVID-19 pandemic and vaccine. Mult Scler Relat Disord 2021; 54:103113. [PMID: 34216996 DOI: 10.1016/j.msard.2021.103113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 06/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Considering the potential COVID-19 impact on pwMS health and the importance of vaccination for this population, we decided to assess: (a) pwMS’ beliefs and knowledge on COVID-19 pandemic; (b) their acceptance towards COVID-19 vaccination and (c) pwMS’ opinions on general vaccination. METHODS Observational study, based on a cross-sectional (10-20th September 2020) online survey, conducted in a cohort of pwMS’ followed at two Portuguese hospitals. The survey included measures to characterize the sample and a questionnaire designed to assess the topics defined for this study. RESULTS 270 respondents completed the full survey (response rate 58.2%). pwMS greatest concern during the pandemic was an aggravation of MS, especially by patients older than 50 years old. Almost 40% of the patients older than 50 felt that the pandemic negatively affected their MS related medical assistance. Most patients believed they would recover from COVID-19 infection. More than half of the responders feared a MS aggravation if they got COVID-19; this was more pronounced in patients with progressive MS. About 12% of the participants did not want to be vaccinated and almost 40% was unsure. Regarding vaccines in general, almost a third of the participants feared their side effects or MS related complications. CONCLUSION Having knowledge of pwMS’ opinions on COVID-19 pandemic impact and vaccination is useful to better address these issues. Fears and expectations towards vaccination must be discussed with pwMS.
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Montanez J, Donley A. Opinions on a Firearm Prohibition Policy That Targets Intimate Partner Violence. J Interpers Violence 2021; 36:NP5809-NP5838. [PMID: 30394823 DOI: 10.1177/0886260518807213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Firearms and intimate partner violence form a nexus of dangerousness and lethality. But, some policies aim to separate the two phenomena. The present study aims to fill a gap in the literature focusing on opinions toward a firearm prohibition for persons with injunctions for protection in effect against them by analyzing data from a convenience sample of 290 undergraduate students at a large research university in Florida, United States. Overall, any agreement with the policy was high. Multivariate analyses indicated that females/women and gender identity minorities, together, tended to express more agreement with firearm prohibition than males/men. Multivariate analysis also showed that participants who experienced sexual violence also displayed more agreement with the prohibition when compared to individuals who did not experience sexual violence victimization. "Lower" severity sexual violence victimization had the strongest relationship with policy opinions. Possible explanations for the gender difference in opinions include the implications of hegemonic masculinity and power differentials among genders. A possible explanation for the relationship between sexual violence victimization and policy opinions includes empathy. Policy implications and directions for future research include investigating the potential relationship gap in firearm prohibitions within Florida, engaging college men to change the conceptions around firearms through educational intervention, harnessing the tech-savvy power that college students have to generate awareness of policies, and considering interconnections among opinions, polyvictimization, and firearm policies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Amy Donley
- University of Central Florida, Orlando, USA
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Blease C, Kharko A, Annoni M, Gaab J, Locher C. Machine Learning in Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy Education: A Mixed Methods Pilot Survey of Postgraduate Students at a Swiss University. Front Public Health 2021; 9:623088. [PMID: 33898374 PMCID: PMC8064116 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.623088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: There is increasing use of psychotherapy apps in mental health care. Objective: This mixed methods pilot study aimed to explore postgraduate clinical psychology students' familiarity and formal exposure to topics related to artificial intelligence and machine learning (AI/ML) during their studies. Methods: In April-June 2020, we conducted a mixed-methods online survey using a convenience sample of 120 clinical psychology students enrolled in a two-year Masters' program at a Swiss University. Results: In total 37 students responded (response rate: 37/120, 31%). Among respondents, 73% (n = 27) intended to enter a mental health profession, and 97% reported that they had heard of the term "machine learning." Students estimated 0.52% of their program would be spent on AI/ML education. Around half (46%) reported that they intended to learn about AI/ML as it pertained to mental health care. On 5-point Likert scale, students "moderately agreed" (median = 4) that AI/M should be part of clinical psychology/psychotherapy education. Qualitative analysis of students' comments resulted in four major themes on the impact of AI/ML on mental healthcare: (1) Changes in the quality and understanding of psychotherapy care; (2) Impact on patient-therapist interactions; (3) Impact on the psychotherapy profession; (4) Data management and ethical issues. Conclusions: This pilot study found that postgraduate clinical psychology students held a wide range of opinions but had limited formal education on how AI/ML-enabled tools might impact psychotherapy. The survey raises questions about how curricula could be enhanced to educate clinical psychology/psychotherapy trainees about the scope of AI/ML in mental healthcare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Blease
- General Medicine and Primary Care, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Anna Kharko
- Faculty of Health, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, United Kingdom
| | - Marco Annoni
- Interdepartmental Center for Research Ethics and Integrity CNR, Rome, Italy.,Fondazione Umberto Veronesi, Milan, Italy
| | - Jens Gaab
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Cosima Locher
- Faculty of Health, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, United Kingdom.,Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Department of Consultation-Liaison Psychiatry and Psychosomatic Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Szabo A. Immediate and Persisting Effects of Controversial Media Information on Young People's Judgement of Health Issues. Eur J Psychol 2021; 16:249-261. [PMID: 33680181 PMCID: PMC7913016 DOI: 10.5964/ejop.v16i2.1929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Whether true or false, media information shapes people’s thinking. False information trigger beliefs which could compromise health behaviour. In this intervention study, the effect of controversial messages on 91 young participants’ judgement of health issues was tested. Held opinions about health-related issues were assessed before, after and one week after viewing a controversial TV-interview. Using pre-interview opinions for baseline, changes in judgements were assessed immediately after and one week after the interview. At both times, the opinions differed statistically significantly from baseline (p < .001). The relationship between opinions immediately- and one week-after viewing the interview was statistically significantly stronger (p < .001) than their association with the baseline. The results provide evidence for immediate change in judgment resulting from controversial information and demonstrate that the change persists for at least one week. The findings can be explained based on the schema theory and suggest that controversial information could have powerful impact on subjective judgement. Consequently, young people need to be educated in health issues and in the evaluation of media information to enable them to make the right choice when the need arises.
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Affiliation(s)
- Attila Szabo
- Institute of Health Promotion and Sport Sciences, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary.,Institute of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
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Hurst DJ, Padilla LA, Cooper DKC, Paris W. Factors influencing attitudes toward xenotransplantation clinical trials: A report of focus group studies. Xenotransplantation 2021; 28:e12684. [PMID: 33682188 DOI: 10.1111/xen.12684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clinical trials of xenotransplantation (XTx, ie, cross-species transplantation, specifically the transplantation of genetically engineered pig organs into human recipients) are due to start within a few years. METHODS Five focus groups were conducted in April-May 2019, among local religious leaders (N = 10), organ procurement staff/administrators (N = 5), patients and parents of patients who may need an organ transplant or are transplant recipients (N = 9), and local businesspersons in the community (N = 3). Groups were audio-recorded, transcribed, and analyzed with NVivo software to identify themes of participants' thoughts to XTx. RESULTS An overall Cohen's kappa statistic of 0.71 was established. In general, there was wide agreement among participants that XTx is an exciting and acceptable option to explore as an organ alternative. Concerns were expressed primarily regarding issues of animal ethics, stigma regarding how pigs are viewed in society, organ allocation logistics, quality of life after receiving a xenograft, and how XTx would be accepted by certain theological traditions. CONCLUSION Overall, various stakeholders accepted XTx as a clinical option. However, there were ethical, social, and physical concerns raised. Future studies exploring the development of education strategies that may help alleviate concerns related to XTx before it becomes a clinical alternative are needed among the general public, potential XTx candidates, and their family members.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Hurst
- Medical Professionalism, Department of Family Medicine, Rowan University School of Osteopathic Medicine, Stratford, NJ, USA
| | - Luz A Padilla
- Department of Epidemiology and Surgery, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - David K C Cooper
- UAB Xenotransplantation Program, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Wayne Paris
- Department of Social Work, Abilene Christian University, Abilene, TX, USA
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Desalu OO, Adeoti AO, Makusidi MA, Fadare JO, Aremu GO, Amao EA, Opadijo OG. Family physicians/GP and Internist opinions, familiarity and practice behaviour regarding clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) of common medical conditions in Nigeria. J Family Med Prim Care 2021; 10:502-508. [PMID: 34017778 PMCID: PMC8132848 DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_1505_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Few studies exist on physicians' opinions, attitudes, familiarity and practice behaviour regarding clinical practice guidelines in sub-Saharan Africa. Objectives: To determine the opinions, familiarity, and practice behaviour regarding clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) and factors associated with their use among internists and family physicians/GP in Nigeria. Methods: A semi-structured questionnaire regarding guidelines of five common medical conditions: hypertension, diabetes mellitus, tuberculosis, asthma and hepatitis B encountered in everyday medical practice were self-administered by 183 doctors across the country. Results: Over 90% of respondents believed that guidelines were evidence-based, improved management outcomes, and quality of care, nevertheless, 57.4% were against using them in litigations against doctors. The majority (>70%) of the respondents were familiar with the guidelines except that of hepatitis B. Overall, guidelines were used regularly by 45.9%, used in part by 23.5% and 30.6% never used it. Approximately 50% of physicians had immediate accessibility to them at the point of care. The proportions of respondents reporting a change in practice behaviour ranged from 37.7-57.9% depending on the guideline. The factors associated with guideline-related behaviour change were familiarity with its contents, postgraduate educational training, increased helpfulness score, and practiced >5 years. Conclusions: The present study shows that most physicians have favourable opinions and are familiar with these guidelines, however, the proportions reporting changes in their patient management because of the guidelines are not satisfactory. It is important to ensure guidelines accessibility and promotes factors that encourage their implementation in medical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olufemi O Desalu
- Department of Medicine, University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Ilorin, Nigeria
| | - Adekunle O Adeoti
- Department of Medicine, Ekiti State University Teaching Hospital, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria
| | - Muhammad A Makusidi
- Department of Medicine, Usmanu Dan Fodiyo University Teaching Hospital, Sokoto, Nigeria
| | - Joseph O Fadare
- Department of Pharmacology, Ekiti State University Teaching Hospital, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria
| | - Gbolahan O Aremu
- Department of Medicine, University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Ilorin, Nigeria
| | - Emmanuel A Amao
- Medical Director, Department of Family Medicine, Shallom Medical Centre, Ogbomoso, Nigeria
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Ferrão SADS, Bleijlevens MHC, Nogueira PJ, Henriques MAP. A cross-sectional study on nurses' attitudes towards physical restraints use in nursing homes in Portugal. Nurs Open 2021; 8:1571-1577. [PMID: 33438841 PMCID: PMC8186690 DOI: 10.1002/nop2.769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim To explore nurses' opinions regarding restraint measures and attitudes towards physical restraints use in nursing homes. Design Cross‐sectional study. Methods Nursing staff of 33 Portuguese nursing homes was asked to complete the Portuguese version of the Maastricht Attitude Questionnaire (MAQ), an instrument on attitudes regarding physical restraints (reasons, consequences and appropriateness of restraint use) and opinions about restraint measures (restrictiveness and discomfort). Descriptive statistics and bivariate analysis were performed. Results Data from 186 nurses were included in the analysis. Overall, nurses expressed neutral to moderately positive attitudes towards physical restraints usage. Nurses with longer professional experience reported a more positive attitude regarding the appropriateness of restraint use in their clinical practice. Wrist and ankle restraints were the measures that nurses reported feeling most uncomfortable using, and the most restrictive. Bilateral bedrails were globally assessed as a slightly restrictive measure and nurses reported not feeling uncomfortable using them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sónia Alexandra da Silva Ferrão
- Escola Superior de Enfermagem de Lisboa (ESEL), Lisbon, Portugal.,Instituto de Saúde Ambiental (ISAMB), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Michel H C Bleijlevens
- Department of Health Services Research, Care and Public Health Research Institute, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,Living Lab in Ageing and Long-Term Care, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Paulo Jorge Nogueira
- Instituto de Saúde Ambiental (ISAMB), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.,Laboratório de Biomatemática, Faculdade de Medicina, Instituto de Medicina Preventiva e Saúde Pública, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Maria Adriana Pereira Henriques
- Escola Superior de Enfermagem de Lisboa (ESEL), Lisbon, Portugal.,Instituto de Saúde Ambiental (ISAMB), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
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Abd-Alrazaq AA, Alajlani M, Ali N, Denecke K, Bewick BM, Househ M. Perceptions and Opinions of Patients About Mental Health Chatbots: Scoping Review. J Med Internet Res 2021; 23:e17828. [PMID: 33439133 PMCID: PMC7840290 DOI: 10.2196/17828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chatbots have been used in the last decade to improve access to mental health care services. Perceptions and opinions of patients influence the adoption of chatbots for health care. Many studies have been conducted to assess the perceptions and opinions of patients about mental health chatbots. To the best of our knowledge, there has been no review of the evidence surrounding perceptions and opinions of patients about mental health chatbots. OBJECTIVE This study aims to conduct a scoping review of the perceptions and opinions of patients about chatbots for mental health. METHODS The scoping review was carried out in line with the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses) extension for scoping reviews guidelines. Studies were identified by searching 8 electronic databases (eg, MEDLINE and Embase) in addition to conducting backward and forward reference list checking of the included studies and relevant reviews. In total, 2 reviewers independently selected studies and extracted data from the included studies. Data were synthesized using thematic analysis. RESULTS Of 1072 citations retrieved, 37 unique studies were included in the review. The thematic analysis generated 10 themes from the findings of the studies: usefulness, ease of use, responsiveness, understandability, acceptability, attractiveness, trustworthiness, enjoyability, content, and comparisons. CONCLUSIONS The results demonstrated overall positive perceptions and opinions of patients about chatbots for mental health. Important issues to be addressed in the future are the linguistic capabilities of the chatbots: they have to be able to deal adequately with unexpected user input, provide high-quality responses, and have to show high variability in responses. To be useful for clinical practice, we have to find ways to harmonize chatbot content with individual treatment recommendations, that is, a personalization of chatbot conversations is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaa A Abd-Alrazaq
- Division of Information and Computing Technology, College of Science and Engineering, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Mohannad Alajlani
- Institute of Digital Healthcare, University of Warwick, Warwick, United Kingdom
| | - Nashva Ali
- Division of Information and Computing Technology, College of Science and Engineering, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Kerstin Denecke
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Bern University of Applied Science, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Bridgette M Bewick
- Leeds Institute of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Mowafa Househ
- Division of Information and Computing Technology, College of Science and Engineering, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
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Singh HK, Kennedy G, Stupans I. A Pilot Australian Pharmacist Health Coaching Trial of Participants with Poorly Controlled Hypertension: A Qualitative Study of Participants' and Coaches' Experiences. Patient Prefer Adherence 2021; 15:127-140. [PMID: 33536749 PMCID: PMC7850563 DOI: 10.2147/ppa.s290403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE An exploratory qualitative study was conducted to explore how stakeholders - participants and coaches experienced, and made sense of, being involved in coaching for people with poorly controlled hypertension. METHODS Two pharmacists provided monthly health coaching sessions to twenty participants for three-months. Qualitative semi-structured interviews of participants were carried out by pharmacist coaches at baseline, one month, and at three months post-study completion. The pharmacist health coaches were also interviewed. Participant and pharmacist audio-recorded interviews were transcribed verbatim and analyzed thematically. RESULTS Twenty participants with poorly controlled hypertension received health coaching. Analysis of the transcripts from participant interviews indicated the emergence of three main themes "beliefs about and management of hypertension", "reflection on health goals" and "understanding of and experiences from health coaching". Only one theme emerged from the pharmacist interviews: "logistics of health coaching in pharmacy". CONCLUSION Analysis of interviews showed that participants experienced a variety of positive health changes. Changes included a better understanding of health coaching, more realistic beliefs about hypertension, and improved management of hypertension and health goals. Participants were also positive about their experiences of coaching. Interviews with the pharmacists revealed factors such as planning, teamwork, and time management which are related to the implementation and provision of health coaching in community pharmacy practice which could be overcome through consideration and planning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harjit Kaur Singh
- The School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
- Correspondence: Harjit Kaur Singh School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC3083, Australia Email
| | - Gerard Kennedy
- The School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
- School of Science, Psychology and Sport, Federation University, Melbourne, Australia
- Institute for Breathing and Sleep, Austin Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Ieva Stupans
- The School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
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Lorcy A, Gilca R, Dubé E, Rochette M, De Serres G. Feasibility and ethical issues: experiences and concerns of healthcare workers regarding a new RSV prophylaxis programme in Nunavik, Quebec. Int J Circumpolar Health 2020; 79:1742564. [PMID: 32191589 PMCID: PMC7144279 DOI: 10.1080/22423982.2020.1742564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a major cause of hospitalisation in young Inuit children. Prophylaxis with palivizumab is routinely recommended for premature infants and those with severe pulmonary or cardiac diseases. In the fall 2016, the Quebec Ministry of Health expanded the criteria to include healthy full-term (HFT) newborns from Nunavik based on their high RSV hospitalisation rates. Objectives: The aim of this study was to describe the impact of this programme on Nunavik health services during the first RSV season after its implementation (2016–2017) by studying challenges, concerns and needs of healthcare workers (HCWs). Methods: An ethnographic approach was used. Semi-structured interviews focusing on HCWs experiences, and opinions to improve the new programme were conducted with 20 HCWs involved in its implementation. Results: Main reported challenges and concerns were: additional work(over)load, lack of information and evidence about the need and efficacy of palivizumab in HFT newborns, communication issues between stakeholders, and ethical issues regarding the Inuit population. Conclusion: The study revealed significant feasibility and acceptability issues. The programme was highly resource consuming. To address HCWs’ concerns, evidence-based data regarding palivizumab effectiveness in HFT infants, as well as consultation and involvement of Inuit population are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armelle Lorcy
- Infectious and immune diseases, CHU De Québec-Université Laval Research Centre, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada.,Enseignement Et Recherche En Ethnologie Amérindienne (EREA), Centre of the LESC (CNRS, UMR 7186), Paris, France
| | - Rodica Gilca
- Infectious and immune diseases, CHU De Québec-Université Laval Research Centre, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada.,Département de risque biologique et de la santé au travail, Institut national de santé publique du Québec, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Eve Dubé
- Département de risque biologique et de la santé au travail, Institut national de santé publique du Québec, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Marie Rochette
- Department of Public Health, Nunavik Regional Board of Health and Social Services, Kuujjuaq, Nunavik, Quebec, Canada
| | - Gaston De Serres
- Infectious and immune diseases, CHU De Québec-Université Laval Research Centre, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada.,Département de risque biologique et de la santé au travail, Institut national de santé publique du Québec, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
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Mejia Medina F, Cucaita Vergara Z, Dario Castro Acuña R, Tellez J. EXPLORING USER EXPERIENCES OF INFORMATION SYSTEMS IN HEALTH OF PATIENT SAFETY PROGRAMS: A RAPID SYSTEMATIC REVIEW. Int J Med Biomed Stud 2020; 3:181-187. [PMID: 32995733 DOI: 10.32553/ijmbs.v3i9.516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Patient safety is one of the most important challenges facing healthcare organizations in the world. Patient safety programs aim to avoid the events caused to the patient during their care, through strategies aimed at guaranteeing infection control, safe use of medications, equipment, clinical practice and environment. However, errors in health care are often due to weak information systems and their causes can be corrected by identifying the incidents and events presented during the care. Each country must have solid and reliable health information systems (HIS) to generate its own data, in order to monitor the different health programs and thus report on their management. In many countries, HISs are weak, incomplete and fragmented, with problems related to infrastructure, interoperability, connectivity, lack of training and availability to health care personnel. The objective of this study was to conduct a rapid systematic review of the literature about the experiences reported by users or health professionals with the Health Information Systems of Patient Safety Programs (PSP). 98 articles were identified in the Medline database, of which 5 articles with a qualitative approach were included. The results showed problems with the definition of concepts related to patient safety, fear of professionals to report events or incidents, reluctance to use HIS due to interoperability or communication problems. The qualitative studies related to HIS of the PSP are scarce and the publications found have been carried out in countries such as Iran, Taiwan, Austria, Spain and the Netherlands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Mejia Medina
- Consultant and Independent Researcher. MScIH Chemical Engineer, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Zenaida Cucaita Vergara
- Biomedical Engineer, Student Master in Health Technology Management, Manuela Beltrán University, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Ruben Dario Castro Acuña
- Biomedical Engineer, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Clínica Universitaria Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Jair Tellez
- Vicerrectoría de Investigaciones, Universidad Manuela Beltrán, Bogotá, Colombia
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Bâtie C, Kassie D, Randravatsilavo DNRM, Baril L, Waret Szkuta A, Goutard FL. Perception of Drug Vendors and Pig and Poultry Farmers of Imerintsiatosika, in Madagascar, Toward Risks Related to Antibiotic Usage: A Q-Method Approach. Front Vet Sci 2020; 7:490. [PMID: 32974396 PMCID: PMC7472779 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.00490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance is a One Health issue that must be tackled worldwide. In order to implement effective communication strategies in Madagascar, a better understanding must be gained of practices and perceptions related to antimicrobial use at the smallholder farm level. Our study used a semi-qualitative approach, called Q methodology, to identify patterns of opinion on antimicrobial use, or its alternatives, among pig and poultry smallholders and drug vendors in the commune of Imerintsiatosika, in Madagascar. Twenty-nine breeders and 23 drug vendors were asked to rank, respectively, 38 and 45 statements, produced from semi-structured interviews and secondary data, through a 7 grade scale from -3 (totally disagree) to +3 (totally agree) about antimicrobial use, related risks and alternatives. The interview ended with a discussion around extreme statements. The Q-sortings were analyzed by factor analysis and Principal Component Analysis. Regarding antimicrobial use, antimicrobial resistance and alternatives, the breeders and drug vendors were divided according to three discourses: "A: confidence in antibiotics" (respectively, 13 and 6 individuals), "B: belief in alternatives" (7 and 7 individuals), and "C: moderate approach to antibiotic use" (6 and 6 individuals), explaining, respectively, 57 and 60% of total variance. Group A was associated with the use of antibiotics as a preventive measure, poor knowledge of resistance and low trust in alternatives. Group B considered the preventive use of antibiotics to be a major problem for antimicrobial resistance and believed that alternatives, such as vaccines, were useful preventive methods. Group C seemed to have a hazy opinion. The presence of three main points of view offers the possibility to adapt awareness messages. Group B might also be used as a showcase to reduce the amounts of antibiotics used by the two other groups. This study revealed different practices and risk perceptions related to antimicrobial use that must be better characterized and accurately quantified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chloé Bâtie
- CIRAD BIOS, UMR ASTRE, Univ Montpellier, INRAE, Montpellier, France
| | - Daouda Kassie
- CIRAD BIOS, UMR ASTRE, Univ Montpellier, INRAE, Montpellier, France.,Unité d'Épidémiologie et de Recherche Clinique, Institut Pasteur de Madagascar, Antananarivo, Madagascar
| | | | - Laurence Baril
- Unité d'Épidémiologie et de Recherche Clinique, Institut Pasteur de Madagascar, Antananarivo, Madagascar
| | | | - Flavie Luce Goutard
- CIRAD BIOS, UMR ASTRE, Univ Montpellier, INRAE, Montpellier, France.,Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Vecchio Y, Pauselli G, Adinolfi F. Exploring Attitudes toward Animal Welfare through the Lens of Subjectivity-An Application of Q-Methodology. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:E1364. [PMID: 32781735 DOI: 10.3390/ani10081364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary In this paper, we offer a methodological solution to the policymaker to improve the structure of the surveys used for public consultations. Over the years, we noticed the importance of opinions in legislative processes, particularly in animal welfare. The issue, to which European citizens have historically been sensitive, has been the target of multiple consultations aimed at considering perceptions about farming conditions. However, standard surveys suffer from bias and design errors. To overcome these problems, we propose the use of Q-methodology to understand the opinions of veterinary students. The results contribute to the improvement of traditional surveys used to understand what people think about animal welfare and could be useful in providing information to the policy making process. Abstract Opinions increasingly influence legislative processes. The case of animal welfare (AW) standards is a clear example of the role played by opinions in political decisions. The issue, to which European citizens have historically been sensitive, has been the subject of numerous consultations and investigations, aimed at considering citizens’ opinions regarding breeding conditions. However, these tools and in particular standard surveys, suffer from response biases such as the prejudices involved in the design of questions and the interpretation of the results. To mitigate these problems, we used the Q-methodology, which is an inductive but systematic methodology focused on patterns that explain the ideas of individuals. The purposive sample consisted of 36 veterinary students who were acquiring scientific knowledge about AW. The results, in addition to providing policymakers with food for thought for the further development of AW standards, contribute to testing the use of alternative methodologies to collect citizens’ views. This mapping of viewpoints helps to build a more effective form of AW policy making.
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Bulucu Büyüksoy GD, Ozdil K, Çatıker A. Pro-abortion attitude with context of traditional and professional identity dilemma. Nurs Ethics 2020; 27:1529-1541. [PMID: 32578502 DOI: 10.1177/0969733020923719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nurses are in a key position for reproduction health service delivery. Therefore, it is thought that it would be important to inspect opinions of student nurses, who will be health employees in the future, about self-induced abortion to develop women health and public health. OBJECTIVES The goal of this study is to inspect opinions of nursing students with different sociocultural specialties, about self-induced abortions. RESEARCH DESIGN It is qualitative type and planned with ethnographic research pattern. PARTICIPANTS AND RESEARCH CONTEXT The study was conducted with 20 last-term students of Kırşehir Ahi Evran University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nursing, who were chosen by maximum diversity sampling technique. Interviews were made with semi-structured interview form and voice records during the study; data were analyzed with content analyzing method. ETHICAL CONSIDERATIONS Permission from the organization, university ethics committee, and personal approvals were taken from participants to conduct the research. FINDINGS Based on the analysis, two major themes on self-induced abortion in Turkish nursing students were found: dilemma of traditional perspective and professional identity and occupational awareness. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION It is seen that there is a dilemma between traditional point of view and professional identities about self-induced abortion for nursing students, but they had occupational awareness. It should be recommended to give information about national and international licit legislations for reproductive health, self-induced abortion, and setting up ethical discussion environments for nursing students.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kamuran Ozdil
- Health Services Vocational School, Age Care Program, 121894Nevsehir Haci Bektaş Veli University, Turkey
| | - Aslıhan Çatıker
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Nursing Department, 187474Ordu University, Turkey
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Zaręba K, La Rosa VL, Kołb-Sielecka E, Ciebiera M, Ragusa R, Gierus J, Commodari E, Jakiel G. Attitudes and Opinions of Young Gynecologists on Pregnancy Termination: Results of a Cross-Sectional Survey in Poland. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2020; 17:E3895. [PMID: 32486362 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17113895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Background: This paper aims to explore the attitudes and opinions of a group of Polish young gynecologists toward pregnancy termination. Method: An anonymous questionnaire was completed by physicians who participated in obligatory trainee courses held in 2019 in Warsaw. Results: The study group included 71 physicians with an average age of 29 years (SD 3.05). A considerable number of the physicians accepted terminations for medical reasons up to the end of pregnancy, especially in cases of lethal defects (46%) and a serious disease in the mother (34%). Only 6% of the group of gynecologists not performing terminations claimed that the procedure was contrary to their conscience, and 62% of them stated that such procedures were not performed at their hospital. Terminations would be performed by 90% of the respondents in cases of lethal defects of the fetus and by 80% if severe irreversible fetal defects were diagnosed. Conclusions: The main problem associated with the inaccessibility of pregnancy termination in Poland is not linked to individuals, meaning medical personnel and the possibility of invoking the conscience clause, but probably to the lack of approval for terminations granted by hospital supervisors. Adequate knowledge on pregnancy termination procedures, fetal defects, and diseases in the mother translated into the changes of opinions on pregnancy terminations.
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Jung S, Allison M, Toop C, Martin E. Sex offender registries: exploring the attitudes and knowledge of political decision-makers. Psychiatr Psychol Law 2020; 27:478-492. [PMID: 33071553 PMCID: PMC7534266 DOI: 10.1080/13218719.2020.1733698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Sex offender registries (SORs) were established due to policies and practices intended to protect the public from individuals who commit sexually violent acts, and yet the empirical literature does not show that public SORs reduce or prevent sexual crimes. Given that politicians prominently influence SOR policies, the current study explores the views of SORs by 26 political decision-makers from Canada and the United States. Participants completed a survey on their opinions regarding SORs and their knowledge of SOR eligibility. Attitudes and political perspectives were assessed to examine their association with SOR opinions. Almost two thirds of those surveyed believed SORs should be publicly available, and one third believed SORs helped to protect the public. These beliefs were associated with those with conservative-leaning political views. These findings help us to explore the perspectives of political decision-makers and gain insight into attitudinal factors that may play a role in influencing opinions regarding SORs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandy Jung
- Department of Psychology, MacEwan University, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | | | - Carissa Toop
- Department of Psychology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Erin Martin
- Department of Psychology, Elon University, Elon, NC, USA
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50
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Frigon MP, Blackburn MÈ, Dubois-Bouchard C, Gagnon AL, Tardif S, Tremblay K. Pharmacogenetic testing in primary care practice: opinions of physicians, pharmacists and patients. Pharmacogenomics 2020; 20:589-598. [PMID: 31190623 DOI: 10.2217/pgs-2019-0004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: Although health authorities have set pharmacogenetic (PGx) markers on labels of hundreds of drugs, the use of PGx in clinical care remains infrequent. The adoption of PGx will depend on the opinions of physicians, pharmacists and patients. Materials & methods: Qualitative focus group interviews were performed with 23 physicians, 11 pharmacists and 30 patients. Results: Majority of the participants showed enthusiasm toward the implementation of PGx in clinics. Lack of knowledge on PGx, roles of healthcare providers, factors in favor and challenges of PGx implementation, ethical and insurance issues, educational and tools needs were the key themes that emerged from the interviews. Conclusion: Several barriers impede the uptake of PGx in clinics, however, opinions of physicians, pharmacists and patients are mostly favorable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Pier Frigon
- Community Genomic Medicine Centre & biocluster ECOGENE-21, Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Saguenay, QC, Canada
| | | | | | - Ann-Lorie Gagnon
- Community Genomic Medicine Centre & biocluster ECOGENE-21, Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Saguenay, QC, Canada
| | - Suzie Tardif
- ÉCOBES-Research & Transfer Center, Cégep de Jonquière, QC, Canada
| | - Karine Tremblay
- Community Genomic Medicine Centre & biocluster ECOGENE-21, Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Saguenay, QC, Canada.,Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux du Saguenay-Lac-Saint-Jean, Saguenay, QC, Canada
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