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Hu DK, Rana M, Adams DJ, Do L, Shrey DW, Hussain SA, Lopour BA. Interrater reliability of interictal EEG waveforms in Lennox-Gastaut Syndrome. Epilepsia Open 2024; 9:176-186. [PMID: 37920928 PMCID: PMC10839292 DOI: 10.1002/epi4.12858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Identification of EEG waveforms is critical for diagnosing Lennox-Gastaut Syndrome (LGS) but is complicated by the progressive nature of the disease. Here, we assess the interrater reliability (IRR) among pediatric epileptologists for classifying EEG waveforms associated with LGS. METHODS A novel automated algorithm was used to objectively identify epochs of EEG with transient high power, which were termed events of interest (EOIs). The algorithm was applied to EEG from 20 LGS subjects and 20 healthy controls during NREM sleep, and 1350 EOIs were identified. Three raters independently reviewed the EOIs within isolated 15-second EEG segments in a randomized, blinded fashion. For each EOI, the raters assigned a waveform label (spike and slow wave, generalized paroxysmal fast activity, seizure, spindle, vertex, muscle, artifact, nothing, or other) and indicated the perceived subject type (LGS or control). RESULTS Labeling of subject type had 85% accuracy across all EOIs and an IRR of κ =0.790, suggesting that brief segments of EEG containing high-power waveforms can be reliably classified as pathological or normal. Waveform labels were less consistent, with κ =0.558, and the results were highly variable for different categories of waveforms. Label mismatches typically occurred when one reviewer selected "nothing," suggesting that reviewers had different thresholds for applying named labels. SIGNIFICANCE Classification of EEG waveforms associated with LGS has weak IRR, due in part to varying thresholds applied during visual review. Computational methods to objectively define EEG biomarkers of LGS may improve IRR and aid clinical decision-making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek K. Hu
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of CaliforniaIrvineCaliforniaUSA
| | - Mandeep Rana
- Division of NeurologyChildren's Hospital Orange CountyOrangeCaliforniaUSA
| | - David J. Adams
- Division of NeurologyChildren's Hospital Orange CountyOrangeCaliforniaUSA
- Department of PediatricsUniversity of CaliforniaIrvineCaliforniaUSA
| | - Linda Do
- Division of NeurologyChildren's Hospital Orange CountyOrangeCaliforniaUSA
| | - Daniel W. Shrey
- Division of NeurologyChildren's Hospital Orange CountyOrangeCaliforniaUSA
- Department of PediatricsUniversity of CaliforniaIrvineCaliforniaUSA
| | - Shaun A. Hussain
- Division of Pediatric NeurologyUniversity of CaliforniaLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - Beth A. Lopour
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of CaliforniaIrvineCaliforniaUSA
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2
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Szalárdy O, Simor P, Ujma PP, Jordán Z, Halász L, Erőss L, Fabó D, Bódizs R. Temporal association between sleep spindles and ripples in the human anterior and mediodorsal thalamus. Eur J Neurosci 2024; 59:641-661. [PMID: 38221670 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.16240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Sleep spindles are major oscillatory components of Non-Rapid Eye Movement (NREM) sleep, reflecting hyperpolarization-rebound sequences of thalamocortical neurons. Reports suggest a link between sleep spindles and several forms of high-frequency oscillations which are considered as expressions of pathological off-line neural plasticity in the central nervous system. Here we investigated the relationship between thalamic sleep spindles and ripples in the anterior and mediodorsal nuclei (ANT and MD) of epilepsy patients. Whole-night LFP from the ANT and MD were co-registered with scalp EEG/polysomnography by using externalized leads in 15 epilepsy patients undergoing a Deep Brain Stimulation protocol. Slow (~12 Hz) and fast (~14 Hz) sleep spindles were present in the human ANT and MD and roughly, 20% of them were associated with ripples. Ripple-associated thalamic sleep spindles were characterized by longer duration and exceeded pure spindles in terms of spindle power as indicated by time-frequency analysis. Furthermore, ripple amplitude was modulated by the phase of sleep spindles within both thalamic nuclei. No signs of pathological processes were correlated with measures of ripple and spindle association, furthermore, the density of ripple-associated sleep spindles in the ANT showed a positive correlation with verbal comprehension. Our findings indicate the involvement of the human thalamus in coalescent spindle-ripple oscillations of NREM sleep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orsolya Szalárdy
- Institute of Behavioural Sciences, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience and Psychology, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Péter Simor
- Institute of Psychology, ELTE, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
- UR2NF, Neuropsychology and Functional Neuroimaging Research Unit at CRCN, Center for Research in Cognition and Neurosciences and UNI-ULB Neurosciences Institute, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - Zsófia Jordán
- National Institute of Mental Health, Neurology and Neurosurgery, Budapest, Hungary
| | - László Halász
- National Institute of Mental Health, Neurology and Neurosurgery, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Loránd Erőss
- National Institute of Mental Health, Neurology and Neurosurgery, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Dániel Fabó
- National Institute of Mental Health, Neurology and Neurosurgery, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Róbert Bódizs
- Institute of Behavioural Sciences, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
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3
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Boutin A, Gabitov E, Pinsard B, Boré A, Carrier J, Doyon J. Temporal cluster-based organization of sleep spindles underlies motor memory consolidation. Proc Biol Sci 2024; 291:20231408. [PMID: 38196349 PMCID: PMC10777148 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2023.1408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Sleep benefits motor memory consolidation, which is mediated by sleep spindle activity and associated memory reactivations during non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep. However, the particular role of NREM2 and NREM3 sleep spindles and the mechanisms triggering this memory consolidation process remain unclear. Here, simultaneous electroencephalographic and functional magnetic resonance imaging (EEG-fMRI) recordings were collected during night-time sleep following the learning of a motor sequence task. Adopting a time-based clustering approach, we provide evidence that spindles iteratively occur within clustered and temporally organized patterns during both NREM2 and NREM3 sleep. However, the clustering of spindles in trains is related to motor memory consolidation during NREM2 sleep only. Altogether, our findings suggest that spindles' clustering and rhythmic occurrence during NREM2 sleep may serve as an intrinsic rhythmic sleep mechanism for the timed reactivation and subsequent consolidation of motor memories, through synchronized oscillatory activity within a subcortical-cortical network involved during learning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnaud Boutin
- CIAMS, Université Paris-Saclay, 91405 Orsay, France
- CIAMS, Université d'Orléans, 45067 Orléans, France
- McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada H3A 2B4
- Functional Neuroimaging Unit, C.R.I.U.G.M, Montréal, QC, Canada H3W 1W5
- Department of Psychology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada H3T 1J4
| | - Ella Gabitov
- McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada H3A 2B4
- Functional Neuroimaging Unit, C.R.I.U.G.M, Montréal, QC, Canada H3W 1W5
- Department of Psychology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada H3T 1J4
| | - Basile Pinsard
- Functional Neuroimaging Unit, C.R.I.U.G.M, Montréal, QC, Canada H3W 1W5
- Department of Psychology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada H3T 1J4
| | - Arnaud Boré
- Functional Neuroimaging Unit, C.R.I.U.G.M, Montréal, QC, Canada H3W 1W5
| | - Julie Carrier
- Functional Neuroimaging Unit, C.R.I.U.G.M, Montréal, QC, Canada H3W 1W5
- Department of Psychology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada H3T 1J4
- Center for Advanced Research in Sleep Medicine, Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada H4J 1C5
| | - Julien Doyon
- McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada H3A 2B4
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada H3A 2B4
- Functional Neuroimaging Unit, C.R.I.U.G.M, Montréal, QC, Canada H3W 1W5
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Ladenbauer J, Khakimova L, Malinowski R, Obst D, Tönnies E, Antonenko D, Obermayer K, Hanna J, Flöel A. Towards Optimization of Oscillatory Stimulation During Sleep. Neuromodulation 2023; 26:1592-1601. [PMID: 35981956 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurom.2022.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oscillatory rhythms during sleep, such as slow oscillations (SOs) and spindles and, most importantly, their coupling, are thought to underlie processes of memory consolidation. External slow oscillatory transcranial direct current stimulation (so-tDCS) with a frequency of 0.75 Hz has been shown to improve this coupling and memory consolidation; however, effects varied quite markedly between individuals, studies, and species. In this study, we aimed to determine how precisely the frequency of stimulation must match the naturally occurring SO frequency in individuals to best improve SO-spindle coupling. Moreover, we systematically tested stimulation durations necessary to induce changes. MATERIALS AND METHODS We addressed these questions by comparing so-tDCS with individualized frequency to standardized frequency of 0.75 Hz in a within-subject design with 28 older participants during napping while stimulation train durations were systematically varied between 30 seconds, 2 minutes, and 5 minutes. RESULTS Stimulation trains as short as 30 seconds were sufficient to modulate the coupling between SOs and spindle activity. Contrary to our expectations, so-tDCS with standardized frequency indicated stronger aftereffects regarding SO-spindle coupling than individualized frequency. Angle and variance of spindle maxima occurrence during the SO cycle were similarly modulated. CONCLUSIONS In sum, short stimulation trains were sufficient to induce significant changes in sleep physiology, allowing for more trains of stimulation, which provides methodological advantages and possibly even larger behavioral effects in future studies. Regarding individualized stimulation frequency, further options of optimization need to be investigated, such as closed-loop stimulation, to calibrate stimulation frequency to the SO frequency at the time of stimulation onset. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION The Clinicaltrials.gov registration number for the study is NCT04714879.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Ladenbauer
- Department of Neurology, Universitätsmedizin Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Liliia Khakimova
- Department of Neurology, Universitätsmedizin Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Robert Malinowski
- Department of Neurology, Universitätsmedizin Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Daniela Obst
- Department of Neurology, Universitätsmedizin Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Eric Tönnies
- Department of Neurology, Universitätsmedizin Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Daria Antonenko
- Department of Neurology, Universitätsmedizin Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Klaus Obermayer
- Fakultät IV and Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience, Technische Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jeff Hanna
- Department of Neurology, Universitätsmedizin Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Agnes Flöel
- Department of Neurology, Universitätsmedizin Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany; German Centre for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.
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Zeng G, Zhou Y, Yang Y, Ruan L, Tan L, Luo H, Ruan J. Neural oscillations after acute large artery atherosclerotic cerebral infarction during resting state and sleep spindles. J Sleep Res 2023; 32:e13889. [PMID: 36944554 DOI: 10.1111/jsr.13889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
Electroencephalogram-microstate analysis was conducted using low-resolution electromagnetic tomography (LORETA)-KEY to evaluate dynamic brain network changes in patients with acute large artery atherosclerotic cerebral infarction (LAACI) during the rest and sleep stages. This study included 35 age- and sex-matched healthy controls and 34 patients with acute LAACI. Each participant performed a 3-h, 19-channel video electroencephalogram test. Subsequently, 20 epochs of 2-s sleep spindles during stage N2 sleep and five epochs of 10-s electroencephalogram data in the resting state for each participant were obtained. In both the resting state and sleep spindles, patients with LAACI displayed altered neural oscillations. The parameters of microstate A (coverage, occurrence, and duration) increased during the resting state in the patients with LAACI compared with healthy controls. The coverage and occurrence of microstate B and D were reduced in the LAACI group compared with the healthy controls (p < 0.05). Moreover, during sleep spindles, the duration of microstate A and the transition probability from microstate A and B to C decreased, but the coverage of microstate B and the transition rate from microstate B to D increased (p < 0.05) in the LAACI group compared with the healthy controls. These results enable better understanding of how neural oscillations are modified in patients with LAACI during the resting state and sleep spindles. Following LAACI, the dynamic brain network undergoes changes during sleep spindles and the resting state. Continued long-term investigations are required to determine how well these changes in brain dynamics reflect the clinical characteristics of patients with LAACI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoli Zeng
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Department of Neurology, Luzhou People's Hospital, Luzhou, China
| | - Yan Zhou
- Department of Neurology, Jianyang People's Hospital, Jianyang, China
| | - Yushu Yang
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Laboratory of Neurological Diseases and Brain Function, Luzhou, China
| | - Lili Ruan
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Laboratory of Neurological Diseases and Brain Function, Luzhou, China
| | - Linjie Tan
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Laboratory of Neurological Diseases and Brain Function, Luzhou, China
| | - Hua Luo
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Laboratory of Neurological Diseases and Brain Function, Luzhou, China
| | - Jianghai Ruan
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Laboratory of Neurological Diseases and Brain Function, Luzhou, China
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6
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Huang Y, Liu Y, Liu Y, Han J, Han H, Li J, Wang T. Differences in the topographical distribution of sleep spindles among adult epilepsy with cognitive impairment. Epilepsia Open 2023; 8:980-990. [PMID: 37259710 PMCID: PMC10472368 DOI: 10.1002/epi4.12768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Cognitive comorbidities are common in epilepsy; however, symptomatic treatment is currently the only available effective therapy. Sleep, cognition, and epilepsy are closely associated. Therefore, many studies on epilepsy and cognition have focused on sleep structures, such as sleep spindles, which are considered windows to understanding the sleeping brain. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between sleep spindles and the severity of cognitive impairment in adult epilepsy. METHODS Fifty-seven adults with epilepsy underwent overnight sleep electroencephalogram recordings and cognitive testing. Slow (9-12 Hz) and fast (12-15 Hz) spindle characteristics during N2 sleep were calculated using a convolutional neural network-based sleep staging system and automatic spindle detection algorithm. Repeated-measures analysis of variance was used to analyze differences in fast and slow spindle densities among subgroups of patients based on cognitive impairment severity. RESULTS A significant between-group effect was observed for both slow and fast spindle densities. Multiple comparisons showed that slow and fast spindle densities of the severe cognitive impairment subgroup were lower than those of the noncognitive impairment subgroup (P < 0.05). Simple-effect analysis revealed differences in slow spindle density distributed among the EEG channels Fp1, Fp2, F3, C3, P4, O1, O2, F8, T4, T5, T6, Fz, and Cz (P < 0.05). Differences in fast spindle density were distributed among the channels Fp1, Fp2, F3, C3, O1, O2, F7, F8, T4, T5, T6, and Fz (P < 0.05). SIGNIFICANCE Significant differences in topographical distribution of fast and slow spindle densities were observed at the scalp level among patients with different cognitive statuses. Compared with patients with no cognitive impairment, those with severe cognitive impairment had lower slow and fast spindle densities over multiple scalp regions during N2 sleep. This study provides a reference for objective assessment of cognitive dysfunction in epilepsy patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajin Huang
- The Second Clinical Medical CollegeLanzhou UniversityLanzhouChina
- Department of Neurology, Epilepsy CenterLanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou UniversityLanzhouChina
| | - Yanjun Liu
- Department of Neurology, Epilepsy CenterLanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou UniversityLanzhouChina
| | - Yaqing Liu
- The Second Clinical Medical CollegeLanzhou UniversityLanzhouChina
- Department of Neurology, Epilepsy CenterLanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou UniversityLanzhouChina
| | - Juping Han
- Department of Rehabilitation MedicineHanzhong Central HospitalHanzhongChina
| | - Hongmei Han
- Department of Neurology, Epilepsy CenterLanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou UniversityLanzhouChina
| | - Junqiang Li
- Department of Neurology, Epilepsy CenterLanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou UniversityLanzhouChina
| | - Tiancheng Wang
- The Second Clinical Medical CollegeLanzhou UniversityLanzhouChina
- Department of Neurology, Epilepsy CenterLanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou UniversityLanzhouChina
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7
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Zanus C, Miladinović A, De Dea F, Skabar A, Stecca M, Ajčević M, Accardo A, Carrozzi M. Sleep Spindle-Related EEG Connectivity in Children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: An Exploratory Study. Entropy (Basel) 2023; 25:1244. [PMID: 37761543 PMCID: PMC10530036 DOI: 10.3390/e25091244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurobehavioral disorder with known brain abnormalities but no biomarkers to support clinical diagnosis. Recently, EEG analysis methods such as functional connectivity have rekindled interest in using EEG for ADHD diagnosis. Most studies have focused on resting-state EEG, while connectivity during sleep and spindle activity has been underexplored. Here we present the results of a preliminary study exploring spindle-related connectivity as a possible biomarker for ADHD. We compared sensor-space connectivity parameters in eight children with ADHD and nine age/sex-matched healthy controls during sleep, before, during, and after spindle activity in various frequency bands. All connectivity parameters were significantly different between the two groups in the delta and gamma bands, and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) in the gamma band distinguished ADHD from healthy subjects. Cluster coefficient and path length values in the sigma band were also significantly different between epochs, indicating different spindle-related brain activity in ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caterina Zanus
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health—IRCCS “Burlo Garofolo”, 34137 Trieste, Italy; (C.Z.); (M.C.)
| | - Aleksandar Miladinović
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health—IRCCS “Burlo Garofolo”, 34137 Trieste, Italy; (C.Z.); (M.C.)
| | - Federica De Dea
- Department of Engineering and Architecture, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy (M.A.); (A.A.)
- Department of Life Science, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Aldo Skabar
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health—IRCCS “Burlo Garofolo”, 34137 Trieste, Italy; (C.Z.); (M.C.)
| | - Matteo Stecca
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health—IRCCS “Burlo Garofolo”, 34137 Trieste, Italy; (C.Z.); (M.C.)
| | - Miloš Ajčević
- Department of Engineering and Architecture, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy (M.A.); (A.A.)
| | - Agostino Accardo
- Department of Engineering and Architecture, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy (M.A.); (A.A.)
| | - Marco Carrozzi
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health—IRCCS “Burlo Garofolo”, 34137 Trieste, Italy; (C.Z.); (M.C.)
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8
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Quigley LD, Pendry R, Mendoza ML, Pfeiffer BE, Volk LJ. Experience alters hippocampal and cortical network communication via a KIBRA-dependent mechanism. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112662. [PMID: 37347662 PMCID: PMC10592482 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Synaptic plasticity is hypothesized to underlie "replay" of salient experience during hippocampal sharp-wave/ripple (SWR)-based ensemble activity and to facilitate systems-level memory consolidation coordinated by SWRs and cortical sleep spindles. It remains unclear how molecular changes at synapses contribute to experience-induced modification of network function. The synaptic protein KIBRA regulates plasticity and memory. To determine the impact of KIBRA-regulated plasticity on circuit dynamics, we recorded in vivo neural activity from wild-type (WT) mice and littermates lacking KIBRA and examined circuit function before, during, and after novel experience. In WT mice, experience altered population activity and oscillatory dynamics in a manner consistent with incorporation of new information content in replay and enhanced hippocampal-cortical communication. While baseline SWR features were normal in KIBRA conditional knockout (cKO) mice, experience-dependent alterations in SWRs were absent. Furthermore, intra-hippocampal and hippocampal-cortical communication during SWRs was disrupted following KIBRA deletion. These results indicate molecular mechanisms that underlie network-level adaptations to experience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilyana D Quigley
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Department of Neuroscience, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Robert Pendry
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Department of Neuroscience, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Matthew L Mendoza
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Department of Neuroscience, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Brad E Pfeiffer
- Department of Neuroscience, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Peter O' Donnell Jr. Brain Institute, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Lenora J Volk
- Department of Neuroscience, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Department of Psychiatry, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Peter O' Donnell Jr. Brain Institute, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.
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9
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Brodt S, Inostroza M, Niethard N, Born J. Sleep-A brain-state serving systems memory consolidation. Neuron 2023; 111:1050-1075. [PMID: 37023710 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2023.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
Although long-term memory consolidation is supported by sleep, it is unclear how it differs from that during wakefulness. Our review, focusing on recent advances in the field, identifies the repeated replay of neuronal firing patterns as a basic mechanism triggering consolidation during sleep and wakefulness. During sleep, memory replay occurs during slow-wave sleep (SWS) in hippocampal assemblies together with ripples, thalamic spindles, neocortical slow oscillations, and noradrenergic activity. Here, hippocampal replay likely favors the transformation of hippocampus-dependent episodic memory into schema-like neocortical memory. REM sleep following SWS might balance local synaptic rescaling accompanying memory transformation with a sleep-dependent homeostatic process of global synaptic renormalization. Sleep-dependent memory transformation is intensified during early development despite the immaturity of the hippocampus. Overall, beyond its greater efficacy, sleep consolidation differs from wake consolidation mainly in that it is supported, rather than impaired, by spontaneous hippocampal replay activity possibly gating memory formation in neocortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svenja Brodt
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Max-Planck-Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Marion Inostroza
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Niels Niethard
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jan Born
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Werner Reichert Center for Integrative Neuroscience, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
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10
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Xia T, Yao Z, Guo X, Liu J, Chen D, Liu Q, Paller KA, Hu X. Updating memories of unwanted emotions during human sleep. Curr Biol 2023; 33:309-320.e5. [PMID: 36584677 PMCID: PMC9979073 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2022.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Post-learning sleep contributes to memory consolidation. Yet it remains contentious whether sleep affords opportunities to modify or update emotional memories, particularly when people would prefer to forget those memories. Here, we attempted to update memories during sleep, using spoken positive words paired with cues to recent memories of aversive events. Affective updating using positive words during human non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep, compared with using neutral words instead, reduced negative affective judgments in post-sleep tests, suggesting that the recalled events were perceived as less aversive. Electroencephalogram (EEG) analyses showed that positive words modulated theta and spindle/sigma activity; specifically, to the extent that theta power was larger for the positive words than for the memory cues that followed, participants judged the memory cues less negatively. Moreover, to the extent that sigma power was larger for the positive words than for the memory cues that followed, participants forgot more episodic details about aversive events. Notably, when the onset of individual positive words coincided with the up-phase of slow oscillations (a state characterized by increased cortical excitability during NREM sleep), affective updating was more successful. In sum, we altered the affective content of memories via the strategic pairing of positive words and memory cues during sleep, linked with EEG theta power increases and the slow oscillation up-phase. These findings suggest novel possibilities for modifying unwanted memories during sleep, which would not require people to consciously confront memories that they prefer to avoid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Xia
- Department of Psychology, The State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Ziqing Yao
- Department of Psychology, The State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Xue Guo
- Institute of Brain and Psychological Sciences, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610068, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Applied Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Danni Chen
- Department of Psychology, The State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Qiang Liu
- Institute of Brain and Psychological Sciences, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610068, China; Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience Research Center, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116029, China.
| | - Ken A Paller
- Department of Psychology and Cognitive Neuroscience Program, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Xiaoqing Hu
- Department of Psychology, The State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; HKU-Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation, Shenzhen 518057, China.
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11
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Niethard N. Aging impairs the temporal clustering of sleep spindles. Sleep 2023; 46:6995395. [PMID: 36680770 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsad011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Niels Niethard
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
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12
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Mayeli A, Wilson JD, Donati FL, LaGoy AD, Ferrarelli F. Sleep spindle alterations relate to working memory deficits in individuals at clinical high-risk for psychosis. Sleep 2022; 45:zsac193. [PMID: 35981865 PMCID: PMC9644126 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsac193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 07/10/2022] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES Sleep spindles are waxing and waning EEG waves exemplifying the main fast oscillatory activity occurring during NREM sleep. Several recent studies have established that sleep spindle abnormalities are present in schizophrenia spectrum disorders, including in early-course and first-episode patients, and those spindle deficits are associated with some of the cognitive impairments commonly observed in these patients. Cognitive deficits are often observed before the onset of psychosis and seem to predict poor functional outcomes in individuals at clinical high-risk for psychosis (CHR). Yet, the presence of spindle abnormalities and their relationship with cognitive dysfunction has not been investigated in CHR. METHODS In this study, overnight high-density (hd)-EEG recordings were collected in 24 CHR and 24 healthy control (HC) subjects. Spindle density, duration, amplitude, and frequency were computed and compared between CHR and HC. Furthermore, WM was assessed for both HC and CHR, and its relationship with spindle parameters was examined. RESULTS CHR had reduced spindle duration in centro-parietal and prefrontal regions, with the largest decrease in the right prefrontal area. Moderation analysis showed that the relation between spindle duration and spindle frequency was altered in CHR relative to HC. Furthermore, CHR had reduced WM performance compared to HC, which was predicted by spindle frequency, whereas in HC spindle frequency, duration, and density all predicted working memory performance. CONCLUSION Altogether, these findings indicate that sleep spindles are altered in CHR individuals, and spindle alterations are associated with their cognitive deficits, thus representing a sleep-specific putative neurophysiological biomarker of cognitive dysfunction in psychosis risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Mayeli
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - James D Wilson
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | | | - Alice D LaGoy
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Fabio Ferrarelli
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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13
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Subramanian S, Labonte AK, Nguyen T, Luong AH, Hyche O, Smith SK, Hogan RE, Farber NB, Palanca BJA, Kafashan M. Correlating electroconvulsive therapy response to electroencephalographic markers: Study protocol. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:996733. [PMID: 36405897 PMCID: PMC9670172 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.996733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is an effective intervention for patients with major depressive disorder (MDD). Despite longstanding use, the underlying mechanisms of ECT are unknown, and there are no objective prognostic biomarkers that are routinely used for ECT response. Two electroencephalographic (EEG) markers, sleep slow waves and sleep spindles, could address these needs. Both sleep microstructure EEG markers are associated with synaptic plasticity, implicated in memory consolidation, and have reduced expression in depressed individuals. We hypothesize that ECT alleviates depression through enhanced expression of sleep slow waves and sleep spindles, thereby facilitating synaptic reconfiguration in pathologic neural circuits. Methods Correlating ECT Response to EEG Markers (CET-REM) is a single-center, prospective, observational investigation. Wireless wearable headbands with dry EEG electrodes will be utilized for at-home unattended sleep studies to allow calculation of quantitative measures of sleep slow waves (EEG SWA, 0.5-4 Hz power) and sleep spindles (density in number/minute). High-density EEG data will be acquired during ECT to quantify seizure markers. Discussion This innovative study focuses on the longitudinal relationships of sleep microstructure and ECT seizure markers over the treatment course. We anticipate that the results from this study will improve our understanding of ECT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subha Subramanian
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States
- Department of Neurology, Berenson-Allen Center for Noninvasive Brain Stimulation, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Alyssa K. Labonte
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Thomas Nguyen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Anhthi H. Luong
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Orlandrea Hyche
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - S. Kendall Smith
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States
- Center on Biological Rhythms and Sleep, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - R. Edward Hogan
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Nuri B. Farber
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Ben Julian A. Palanca
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States
- Center on Biological Rhythms and Sleep, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, MO, United States
- Division of Biology and Biomedical Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States
- Neuroimaging Labs Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - MohammadMehdi Kafashan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States
- Center on Biological Rhythms and Sleep, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, MO, United States
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14
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Kawahara M, Kagitani-Shimono K, Kato-Nishimura K, Ohki N, Tachibana M, Kato T, Taniike M, Mohri I. A preliminary study of sleep spindles across non-rapid eye movement sleep stages in children with autism spectrum disorder. Sleep Adv 2022; 3:zpac037. [PMID: 37193405 PMCID: PMC10104411 DOI: 10.1093/sleepadvances/zpac037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Revised: 10/01/2022] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Study Objectives Sleep spindles play a crucial role in multiple neuronal network functions. Initiation and termination of spindles are regulated by the thalamic reticular nucleus and thalamocortical network, and the spindle can be an index for brain organization. We conducted a preliminary study of the parameters of sleep spindles, focusing on sleep-stage temporal distribution in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) with normal intelligence/developmental quotients. Methods We performed overnight polysomnography in 14 children with ASD (4-10 years) with normal full-scale intelligence quotient/developmental quotient (≥75) and 14 community samples (CS) of children. Sleep stages were scored according to the Rechtschaffen and Kales criteria. Spindle parameters were quantified and compared between these groups and the identified subgroups. Results Sleep parameters did not differ between the ASD and CS groups, except for a higher rate of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep duration in ASD. Spindle parameters did not significantly differ between the groups, but spindle density was distributed in a broader range in the ASD group. Five children with ASD had a higher spindle density in stage 3 than in stage 2. The ratio of spindle density in stage 3 to that in stage 2 (stage 3/2 ratio) was significantly higher in ASD than in CS cases. Conclusions The lower spindle density in stage 2 and relatively higher density in stage 3 in children with ASD may represent an abnormal generation of spindles due to insufficient maturation of the thalamic reticular nucleus and thalamocortical network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Midori Kawahara
- Department of Child Development, United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Pediatrics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kuriko Kagitani-Shimono
- Department of Child Development, United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kumi Kato-Nishimura
- Department of Child Development, United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Pediatrics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Noboru Ohki
- NoruPro Light Systems Incorporation, Kokubunji-shi, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masaya Tachibana
- Department of Child Development, United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Pediatrics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takafumi Kato
- Department of Neuroscience and Oral Physiology, Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masako Taniike
- Department of Child Development, United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Pediatrics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ikuko Mohri
- Department of Child Development, United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Pediatrics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
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15
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Sákovics A, Csukly G, Borbély C, Virág M, Kelemen A, Bódizs R, Erőss L, Fabó D. Prolongation of cortical sleep spindles during hippocampal interictal epileptiform discharges in epilepsy patients. Epilepsia 2022; 63:2256-2268. [PMID: 35723195 PMCID: PMC9796153 DOI: 10.1111/epi.17337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Memory deficits are frequent among patients with epilepsies affecting the temporal lobe. Hippocampal interictal epileptic discharges (hIEDs), the presumed epileptic exaggeration of sharp wave-ripples (SWRs), are known to contribute to memory dysfunction, but the potential underlying mechanism is unknown. The precise temporal coordination between hippocampal SWRs and corticothalamic spindles during sleep is critical for memory consolidation. Moreover, previous investigation indicated that hIEDs induce neocortical spindlelike oscillation. In the present study, we aimed to assess the influence of hIEDs on neocortical spindles. METHODS We analyzed the spindle characteristics (duration, amplitude, frequency) of 21 epilepsy patients implanted with foramen ovale (FO) electrodes during a whole night sleep. Scalp sleep spindles were categorized based on their temporal relationship to hIEDs detected on the FO electrodes. Three groups were created: (1) spindles coinciding with hIEDs, (2) spindles "induced" by hIEDs, and (3) spindles without hIED co-occurrence. RESULTS We found that spindles co-occurring with hIEDs had altered characteristics in all measured properties, lasted longer by 126 ± 48 ms (mean ± SD), and had higher amplitude by 3.4 ± 3.2 μV, and their frequency range shifted toward the higher frequencies within the 13-15-Hz range. Also, hIED-induced spindles had identical oscillatory properties to spindles without any temporal relationships with hIEDs. In more than half of our subjects, clear temporal coherence was revealed between hIEDs and spindles, but the direction of the coupling was patient-specific. SIGNIFICANCE We investigated the effect of hippocampal IEDs on neocortical spindle activity and found spindle alterations in cases of spindle-hIED co-occurrence, but not in cases of hIED-initiated spindles. We propose that this is a marker of a pathologic process, where IEDs may have direct effect on spindle generation. It could mark a potential mechanism whereby IEDs disrupt memory processes, and also provide a potential therapeutic target to treat memory disturbances in epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Sákovics
- Department of NeurologyNational Institute of Mental Health, Neurology, and NeurosurgeryBudapestHungary,School of PhDSemmelweis UniversityBudapestHungary
| | - Gábor Csukly
- Department of Psychiatry and PsychotherapySemmelweis UniversityBudapestHungary
| | - Csaba Borbély
- Department of NeurologyNational Institute of Mental Health, Neurology, and NeurosurgeryBudapestHungary
| | - Márta Virág
- Department of NeurologyNational Institute of Mental Health, Neurology, and NeurosurgeryBudapestHungary
| | - Anna Kelemen
- Department of NeurologyNational Institute of Mental Health, Neurology, and NeurosurgeryBudapestHungary,András Pető FacultySemmelweis UniversityBudapestHungary
| | - Róbert Bódizs
- Department of NeurologyNational Institute of Mental Health, Neurology, and NeurosurgeryBudapestHungary,Institute of Behavioral SciencesSemmelweis UniversityBudapestHungary
| | - Loránd Erőss
- Department of Functional NeurosurgeryNational Institute of Mental Health, Neurology, and NeurosurgeryBudapestHungary
| | - Dániel Fabó
- Department of NeurologyNational Institute of Mental Health, Neurology, and NeurosurgeryBudapestHungary
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16
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Jones MR, Brandner AJ, Vendruscolo LF, Vendruscolo JCM, Koob GF, Schmeichel BE. Effects of Alcohol Withdrawal on Sleep Macroarchitecture and Microarchitecture in Female and Male Rats. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:838486. [PMID: 35757544 PMCID: PMC9226367 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.838486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of sleep disruptions is higher among people with alcohol use disorder (AUD), particularly during alcohol withdrawal, compared to non-AUD individuals. Although women generally have a higher risk of developing sleep disorders, few studies have investigated sex differences in sleep disruptions following chronic alcohol exposure. The present study examined sleep macroarchitecture (time spent asleep or awake and sleep onset latency) and microarchitecture (bout rate and duration and sleep spindle characterization) prior to alcohol vapor exposure (baseline), during acute withdrawal, and through protracted abstinence in female and male rats. Females and males showed reduced time in rapid eye movement (REM) sleep during acute withdrawal, which returned to baseline levels during protracted abstinence. REM sleep onset latency was decreased during protracted abstinence in females only. Furthermore, there was a sex difference observed in overall REM sleep bout rate. Although there were no changes in non-REM sleep time, or to non-REM sleep bout rate or duration, there was an increase in non-REM sleep intra-spindle frequency during acute withdrawal in both females and males. Finally, there was increased wakefulness time and bout duration during acute withdrawal in both females and males. The results demonstrate both macroarchitectural and microarchitectural changes in sleep following chronic alcohol exposure, particularly during acute withdrawal, suggesting the need for therapeutic interventions for sleep disturbances during withdrawal in individuals with AUD. Furthermore, sex differences were observed in REM sleep, highlighting the importance of including both sexes in future alcohol-related sleep studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marissa R Jones
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, United States
| | - Adam J Brandner
- Neurobiology of Addiction Section, Integrative Neuroscience Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Leandro F Vendruscolo
- Neurobiology of Addiction Section, Integrative Neuroscience Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Janaina C M Vendruscolo
- Neurobiology of Addiction Section, Integrative Neuroscience Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - George F Koob
- Neurobiology of Addiction Section, Integrative Neuroscience Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Brooke E Schmeichel
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, United States.,Neurobiology of Addiction Section, Integrative Neuroscience Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD, United States
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17
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Adra N, Sun H, Ganglberger W, Ye EM, Dümmer LW, Tesh RA, Westmeijer M, Cardoso MDS, Kitchener E, Ouyang A, Salinas J, Rosand J, Cash SS, Thomas RJ, Westover MB. Optimal spindle detection parameters for predicting cognitive performance. Sleep 2022; 45:zsac001. [PMID: 34984446 PMCID: PMC8996023 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsac001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES Alterations in sleep spindles have been linked to cognitive impairment. This finding has contributed to a growing interest in identifying sleep-based biomarkers of cognition and neurodegeneration, including sleep spindles. However, flexibility surrounding spindle definitions and algorithm parameter settings present a methodological challenge. The aim of this study was to characterize how spindle detection parameter settings influence the association between spindle features and cognition and to identify parameters with the strongest association with cognition. METHODS Adult patients (n = 167, 49 ± 18 years) completed the NIH Toolbox Cognition Battery after undergoing overnight diagnostic polysomnography recordings for suspected sleep disorders. We explored 1000 combinations across seven parameters in Luna, an open-source spindle detector, and used four features of detected spindles (amplitude, density, duration, and peak frequency) to fit linear multiple regression models to predict cognitive scores. RESULTS Spindle features (amplitude, density, duration, and mean frequency) were associated with the ability to predict raw fluid cognition scores (r = 0.503) and age-adjusted fluid cognition scores (r = 0.315) with the best spindle parameters. Fast spindle features generally showed better performance relative to slow spindle features. Spindle features weakly predicted total cognition and poorly predicted crystallized cognition regardless of parameter settings. CONCLUSIONS Our exploration of spindle detection parameters identified optimal parameters for studies of fluid cognition and revealed the role of parameter interactions for both slow and fast spindles. Our findings support sleep spindles as a sleep-based biomarker of fluid cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noor Adra
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Clinical Data Animation Center (CDAC), Boston, MA, USA
- Henry and Allison McCance Center for Brain Health at Mass General, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Haoqi Sun
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Clinical Data Animation Center (CDAC), Boston, MA, USA
- Henry and Allison McCance Center for Brain Health at Mass General, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Wolfgang Ganglberger
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Clinical Data Animation Center (CDAC), Boston, MA, USA
- Henry and Allison McCance Center for Brain Health at Mass General, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Elissa M Ye
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Clinical Data Animation Center (CDAC), Boston, MA, USA
- Henry and Allison McCance Center for Brain Health at Mass General, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lisa W Dümmer
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Clinical Data Animation Center (CDAC), Boston, MA, USA
- Henry and Allison McCance Center for Brain Health at Mass General, Boston, MA, USA
- University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ryan A Tesh
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Clinical Data Animation Center (CDAC), Boston, MA, USA
- Henry and Allison McCance Center for Brain Health at Mass General, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mike Westmeijer
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Clinical Data Animation Center (CDAC), Boston, MA, USA
| | - Madalena Da Silva Cardoso
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Clinical Data Animation Center (CDAC), Boston, MA, USA
- Henry and Allison McCance Center for Brain Health at Mass General, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Erin Kitchener
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Clinical Data Animation Center (CDAC), Boston, MA, USA
- Henry and Allison McCance Center for Brain Health at Mass General, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - An Ouyang
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Clinical Data Animation Center (CDAC), Boston, MA, USA
- Henry and Allison McCance Center for Brain Health at Mass General, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Joel Salinas
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Center for Cognitive Neurology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jonathan Rosand
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Clinical Data Animation Center (CDAC), Boston, MA, USA
- Henry and Allison McCance Center for Brain Health at Mass General, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sydney S Cash
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Robert J Thomas
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - M Brandon Westover
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Clinical Data Animation Center (CDAC), Boston, MA, USA
- Henry and Allison McCance Center for Brain Health at Mass General, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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18
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Choi J, Jun SC. Spindle-targeted acoustic stimulation may stabilize an ongoing nap. J Sleep Res 2022; 31:e13583. [PMID: 35289006 DOI: 10.1111/jsr.13583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
There have been numerous attempts over the decades to introduce closed-loop feedback to induce sleep oscillations. Recently, our group also introduced closed-loop acoustic feedback to the sleep spindle and reported improved procedural memory consolidation during a nap with spindle-targeted pink noise stimulation. In this study, we replicated our previous work with a control condition in an attempt to investigate the effect of closed-loop feedback on procedural memory. The results demonstrated a significant improvement in the subjects' procedural learning and reduced wake time during the nap with closed-loop acoustic stimulation compared with the control condition. Further, we found that randomized acoustic stimuli lead to more frequent spindle activity and a faster decrement in slow oscillation power compared with the sham condition. There were strong correlations between slow oscillation and measures related to sleep efficiency as well. Interestingly, we found a marginal enhancement in procedural learning during the nap with the closed-loop acoustic stimulation compared with the sham nap. We also found a marginal decrement in theta power during the nap with closed-loop feedback compared with the sham nap, and a negative correlation between slow oscillation and theta power. We speculate that the marginal improvement in procedural learning may be related to closed-loop acoustic feedback's stabilization of non-rapid eye movement sleep. Taken together, this study shows that the closed-loop feedback method has the potential to stabilize sleep and improve procedural memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyoung Choi
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Sung Chan Jun
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, South Korea
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19
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Abstract
The clinical and societal measurement of human sleep has increased exponentially in recent years. However, unlike other fields of medical analysis that have become highly automated, basic and clinical sleep research still relies on human visual scoring. Such human-based evaluations are time-consuming, tedious, and can be prone to subjective bias. Here, we describe a novel algorithm trained and validated on +30,000 hr of polysomnographic sleep recordings across heterogeneous populations around the world. This tool offers high sleep-staging accuracy that matches human scoring accuracy and interscorer agreement no matter the population kind. The software is designed to be especially easy to use, computationally low-demanding, open source, and free. Our hope is that this software facilitates the broad adoption of an industry-standard automated sleep staging software package.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphael Vallat
- Center for Human Sleep Science, Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, United States
| | - Matthew P Walker
- Center for Human Sleep Science, Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, United States
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20
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Halonen R, Kuula L, Antila M, Pesonen AK. The Overnight Retention of Novel Metaphors Associates With Slow Oscillation-Spindle Coupling but Not With Respiratory Phase at Encoding. Front Behav Neurosci 2021; 15:712774. [PMID: 34531730 PMCID: PMC8439423 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2021.712774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence emphasizes the relevance of oscillatory synchrony in memory consolidation during sleep. Sleep spindles promote memory retention, especially when occurring in the depolarized upstate of slow oscillation (SO). A less studied topic is the inter-spindle synchrony, i.e. the temporal overlap and phasic coherence between spindles perceived in different electroencephalography channels. In this study, we examined how synchrony between SOs and spindles, as well as between simultaneous spindles, is associated with the retention of novel verbal metaphors. Moreover, we combined the encoding of the metaphors with respiratory phase (inhalation/exhalation) with the aim of modulating the strength of memorized items, as previous studies have shown that inhalation entrains neural activity, thereby benefiting memory in a waking condition. In the current study, 27 young adults underwent a two-night mixed-design study with a 12-h delayed memory task during both sleep and waking conditions. As expected, we found better retention over the delay containing sleep, and this outcome was strongly associated with the timing of SO–spindle coupling. However, no associations were observed regarding inter-spindle synchrony or respiratory phase. These findings contribute to a better understanding of the importance of SO–spindle coupling for memory. In contrast, the observed lack of association with inter-spindle synchrony may emphasize the local nature of spindle-related plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Risto Halonen
- Sleepwell Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Liisa Kuula
- Sleepwell Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Minea Antila
- Sleepwell Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anu-Katriina Pesonen
- Sleepwell Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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21
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Mesbah-Oskui L, Gurges P, Liu WY, Horner RL. Optical Stimulation of Thalamic Spindle Circuitry Sustains Electroencephalogram Patterns of General Anesthesia but not Duration of Loss of Consciousness. Neuroscience 2021; 468:110-122. [PMID: 34126184 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2021.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Alterations in thalamic GABAergic signaling are implicated in mediating the rise in 12-30 Hz electroencephalogram (EEG) activity that signals anesthetic-induced loss-of-consciousness with GABAA receptor-targeting general anesthetics. A number of modeling studies have identified that anesthetic-induced alterations in thalamocortico-corticothalamic signaling in the same network that generates sleep spindles would be sufficient to elicit this key EEG signature of anesthetic hypnosis with general anesthetic agents. Accordingly, we hypothesize that targeted stimulation of this thalamic GABAergic circuitry into a sleep-spindle mode of activity would promote the general anesthetic effects of etomidate. We recorded EEG activity and loss-of-righting reflex in transgenic mice expressing channel rhodopsin-2 on GABAergic neurons (ChR2-VGAT, n = 8) and control, wild-type mice (C57BL/6J, n = 8). On two consecutive days mice were randomly assigned to receive spindle-rhythm stimulation via an optical probe targeting the left reticular thalamic nucleus or no stimulation. After an initial 30-minute recording, mice were administered etomidate (12 mg/kg, intraperitoneal) and recorded for 90 min with or without optical stimulation. Etomidate elicited an increase in 12-30 Hz EEG power in wild-type and ChR2-VGAT mice for 20 min following administration (p < 0.001). Optical spindle-rhythm stimulation prolonged the increase in 12-30 Hz activity in ChR2-VGAT mice only (p = 0.023). Spindle-rhythm stimulation also increased the incidence and duration of sleep spindle-like oscillations in ChR2-VGAT mice only (all p ≤ 0.001). Despite the maintained anesthetic-like changes in EEG activity, optical spindle-rhythm stimulation was not associated with changes in the time to and duration of the loss-of-righting reflex, a behavioral endpoint of etomidate-induced general anesthesia in rodents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lia Mesbah-Oskui
- Department of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Patrick Gurges
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Wen-Ying Liu
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada; State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Richard L Horner
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada; Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada.
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22
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Zhang ZY, Campbell IG, Dhayagude P, Espino HC, Feinberg I. Longitudinal Analysis of Sleep Spindle Maturation from Childhood through Late Adolescence. J Neurosci 2021; 41:4253-4261. [PMID: 33785642 PMCID: PMC8143202 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2370-20.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Sleep spindles are intermittent bursts of 11-15 Hz EEG waves that occur during non-rapid eye movement sleep. Spindles are believed to help maintain sleep and to play a role in sleep-dependent memory consolidation. Here we applied an automated sleep spindle detection program to our large longitudinal sleep EEG dataset (98 human subjects, 6-18 years old, >2000 uninterrupted nights) to evaluate maturational trends in spindle wave frequency, density, amplitude, and duration. This large dataset enabled us to apply nonlinear as well as linear age models, thereby extending the findings of prior cross-sectional studies that used linear models. We found that spindle wave frequency increased with remarkable linearity across the age range. Central spindle density increased nonlinearly to a peak at age 15.1 years. Central spindle wave amplitude declined in a sigmoidal pattern with the age of fastest decline at 13.5 years. Spindle duration decreased linearly with age. Of the four measures, only spindle amplitude showed a sex difference in dynamics such that the age of most rapid decline in females preceded that in males by 1.4 years. This amplitude pattern, including the sex difference in timing, paralleled the maturational pattern for δ (1-4 Hz) wave power. We interpret these age-related changes in spindle characteristics as indicators of maturation of thalamocortical circuits and changes in sleep depth. These robust age-effects could facilitate the search for cognitive-behavioral correlates of spindle waveforms and might also help guide basic research on EEG mechanisms and postnatal brain maturation.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT The brain reorganization of adolescence produces massive changes in sleep EEG. These changes include the morphology and abundance of sleep spindles, an EEG marker of non-rapid eye movement sleep believed to reflect offline memory processes and/or protection of the sleep state. We analyzed >2000 nights of longitudinal sleep EEG from 98 subjects (age 6-18 years old) to investigate maturational changes in spindle amplitude, frequency, density, and duration. The large dataset enabled us to detect nonlinear as well as linear age changes. All measures showed robust age effects that we hypothesize reflect the maturation of thalamocortical circuits and decreasing sleep depth. These findings could guide further research into the cognitive-behavioral correlates of sleep spindles and their underlying brain mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoey Y Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California Davis, Sacramento, California 95817
| | - Ian G Campbell
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California Davis, Sacramento, California 95817
| | - Pari Dhayagude
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California Davis, Sacramento, California 95817
| | - Harrison C Espino
- Department of Computer Science, University of California Davis, Davis, California 95616
| | - Irwin Feinberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California Davis, Sacramento, California 95817
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23
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Sunwoo JS, Cha KS, Byun JI, Jun JS, Kim TJ, Shin JW, Lee ST, Jung KH, Park KI, Chu K, Kim M, Lee SK, Kim HJ, Schenck CH, Jung KY. Nonrapid eye movement sleep electroencephalographic oscillations in idiopathic rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder: a study of sleep spindles and slow oscillations. Sleep 2021; 44:5896006. [PMID: 32827438 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsaa160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES We investigated electroencephalographic (EEG) slow oscillations (SOs), sleep spindles (SSs), and their temporal coordination during nonrapid eye movement (NREM) sleep in patients with idiopathic rapid eye movement (REM) sleep behavior disorder (iRBD). METHODS We analyzed 16 patients with video-polysomnography-confirmed iRBD (age, 65.4 ± 6.6 years; male, 87.5%) and 10 controls (age, 62.3 ± 7.5 years; male, 70%). SSs and SOs were automatically detected during stage N2 and N3. We analyzed their characteristics, including density, frequency, duration, and amplitude. We additionally identified SO-locked spindles and examined their phase distribution and phase locking with the corresponding SO. For inter-group comparisons, we used the independent samples t-test or Wilcoxon rank-sum test, as appropriate. RESULTS The SOs of iRBD patients had significantly lower amplitude, longer duration (p = 0.005 for both), and shallower slope (p < 0.001) than those of controls. The SS power of iRBD patients was significantly lower than that of controls (p = 0.002), although spindle density did not differ significantly. Furthermore, SO-locked spindles of iRBD patients prematurely occurred during the down-to-up-state transition of SOs, whereas those of controls occurred at the up-state peak of SOs (p = 0.009). The phase of SO-locked spindles showed a positive correlation with delayed recall subscores (p = 0.005) but not with tonic or phasic electromyography activity during REM sleep. CONCLUSIONS In this study, we found abnormal EEG oscillations during NREM sleep in patients with iRBD. The impaired temporal coupling between SOs and SSs may reflect early neurodegenerative changes in iRBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Sang Sunwoo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kwang Su Cha
- Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jung-Ick Byun
- Department of Neurology, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jin-Sun Jun
- Department of Neurology, Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Tae-Joon Kim
- Department of Neurology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Jung-Won Shin
- Department of Neurology, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Soon-Tae Lee
- Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Keun-Hwa Jung
- Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kyung-Il Park
- Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Hospital Healthcare System Gangnam Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kon Chu
- Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Manho Kim
- Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea.,Protein Metabolism and Dementia Research Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sang Kun Lee
- Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea.,Neuroscience Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Han-Joon Kim
- Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Carlos H Schenck
- Minnesota Regional Sleep Disorders Center and Department of Psychiatry, Hennepin County Medical Center, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Ki-Young Jung
- Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea.,Neuroscience Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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24
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Swift KM, Keus K, Echeverria CG, Cabrera Y, Jimenez J, Holloway J, Clawson BC, Poe GR. Sex differences within sleep in gonadally intact rats. Sleep 2021; 43:5648150. [PMID: 31784755 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsz289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Sleep impacts diverse physiological and neural processes and is itself affected by the menstrual cycle; however, few studies have examined the effects of the estrous cycle on sleep in rodents. Studies of disease mechanisms in females therefore lack critical information regarding estrous cycle influences on relevant sleep characteristics. We recorded electroencephalographic (EEG) activity from multiple brain regions to assess sleep states as well as sleep traits such as spectral power and interregional spectral coherence in freely cycling females across the estrous cycle and compared with males. Our findings show that the high hormone phase of proestrus decreases the amount of nonrapid eye movement (NREM) sleep and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep and increases the amount of time spent awake compared with other estrous phases and to males. This spontaneous sleep deprivation of proestrus was followed by a sleep rebound in estrus which increased NREM and REM sleep. In proestrus, spectral power increased in the delta (0.5-4 Hz) and the gamma (30-60 Hz) ranges during NREM sleep, and increased in the theta range (5-9 Hz) during REM sleep during both proestrus and estrus. Slow-wave activity (SWA) and cortical sleep spindle density also increased in NREM sleep during proestrus. Finally, interregional NREM and REM spectral coherence increased during proestrus. This work demonstrates that the estrous cycle affects more facets of sleep than previously thought and reveals both sex differences in features of the sleep-wake cycle related to estrous phase that likely impact the myriad physiological processes influenced by sleep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin M Swift
- Molecular and Integrative Physiology Department, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Karina Keus
- Neuroscience Interdepartmental Program, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | | | - Yesenia Cabrera
- Neuroscience Interdepartmental Program, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Janelly Jimenez
- Psychology Department, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Jasmine Holloway
- Psychology Department, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Brittany C Clawson
- Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology Department, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Gina R Poe
- Integrative Biology and Physiology Department, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA.,Psychiatry Department, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
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25
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Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES Various lines of clinical findings have suggested abnormalities in macro- or microstructural parameters of sleep in patients with schizophrenia. Meanwhile findings are inconclusive due to some confounding factors, such as the heterogeneity of the disorder, drug regimen, and duration of the illness. There are a few studies in the literature that have been conducted on drug-free patients with first-episode psychosis (FEP). Based on this knowledge, we aimed to explore sleep characteristics, sleep spindles, and neuropsychological profiles of the drug-naive patients with FEP. METHODS The study sample consisted of 21 drug-naive patients with FEP and 21 healthy participants. Polysomnography recordings were conducted for 2 subsequent nights. A neuropsychological test battery was administered for assessing cognitive functions. The Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale was applied to measure symptom severity of the patients. Spindle detection was performed visually. RESULTS According to the results of the study, the patient group's percentage of stage N2 sleep and sleep efficiency index was lower than in the control group. Among sleep spindle parameters, spindle density was found to be reduced in the patient group. The results of neuropsychological tests measuring executive functions, learning, and memory support the idea that there is a global cognitive deterioration from the early course of the disorder. In the psychotic group, negative symptoms were negatively correlated with verbal memory, learning, verbal fluency, and semantic organization. We found that the percentage of stage N3 sleep decreased while negative symptom severity increased. In addition, the percentage of stage N1 sleep increased as negative symptom severity increased. Reduction in stage N3 sleep was associated with an impairment in learning, verbal fluency, and response inhibition. The sleep spindle density and cognitive functions did not show any associations. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, these findings suggest that patients with FEP show global cognitive impairment (except for attention and processing speed), which is associated with changes in sleep architecture and higher score in a scale assessing negative symptoms. We conclude that cognitive function and spindle parameters differ nonlinearly among patients with FEP.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sinan Yetkin
- Department of Psychiatry, Health Sciences University, Ankara, Turkey
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26
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Pálfi E, Lévay G, Czurkó A, Lendvai B, Kiss T. Acute blockade of NR2C/D subunit-containing N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors modifies sleep and neural oscillations in mice. J Sleep Res 2020; 30:e13257. [PMID: 33314505 DOI: 10.1111/jsr.13257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
N-methyl-d-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) play an important role in excitatory neurotransmission and have been associated with psychiatric conditions including schizophrenia and major depressive disorder. NMDARs are composed of two NR1 and two NR2 subunits. The type of NR2 subunit determines electrophysiological and pharmacological properties of the receptor. As the precise role of NR2C/D subunit-containing NMDARs is poorly understood in vivo, we have performed behavioural, quantitative electroencephalographic (qEEG) and polysomnographic analysis following acute pharmacological blockade of these receptor subtypes in adult male CD1 mice. We found that NR2C/D blockade impaired motor coordination and decreased the amount of gross movement. Moreover, EEG power in multiple frequency bands including theta and sigma were found to decrease significantly together with a decrease of theta oscillation frequency. Changes of these qEEG measures were accompanied by a decrease in time spent in slow-wave and rapid eye movement sleep, but an increase of time spent in quiet wakefulness. Furthermore, there was a significant decrease of sleep spindle oscillation density. These findings highlight the importance of NR2C/D-containing NMDARs and take a step towards establishing a link between electrophysiological correlates of psychiatric disorders and underlying synaptic dysfunctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emese Pálfi
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - György Lévay
- Pharmacology and Drug Safety Research, Gedeon Richter Plc., Budapest, Hungary
| | - András Czurkó
- Pharmacology and Drug Safety Research, Gedeon Richter Plc., Budapest, Hungary
| | - Balázs Lendvai
- Pharmacology and Drug Safety Research, Gedeon Richter Plc., Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tamás Kiss
- Department of Computational Sciences, Wigner Research Centre for Physics, Budapest, Hungary
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27
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Abstract
Even prior to the onset of the prodromal stages of Alzheimer's disease (AD), a constellation of sleep disturbances are apparent. A series of epidemiological studies indicate that multiple forms of these sleep disturbances are associated with increased risk for developing mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and AD, even triggering disease onset at an earlier age. Through the combination of causal manipulation studies in humans and rodents, as well as targeted examination of sleep disturbance with respect to AD biomarkers, mechanisms linking sleep disturbance to AD are beginning to emerge. In this review, we explore recent evidence linking local deficits in brain oscillatory function during sleep with local AD pathological burden and circuit-level dysfunction and degeneration. In short, three deficits in the local expression of sleep oscillations have been identified in relation to AD pathophysiology: (1) frequency-specific frontal deficits in slow wave expression during non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep, (2) deficits in parietal sleep spindle expression, and (3) deficits in the quality of electroencephalographic (EEG) desynchrony characteristic of REM sleep. These deficits are noteworthy since they differ from that seen in normal aging, indicating the potential presence of an abnormal aging process. How each of these are associated with β-amyloid (Aβ) and tau pathology, as well as neurodegeneration of circuits sensitive to AD pathophysiology, are examined in the present review, with a focus on the role of dysfunction within fronto-hippocampal and subcortical sleep-wake circuits. It is hypothesized that each of these local sleep deficits arise from distinct network-specific dysfunctions driven by regionally-specific accumulation of AD pathologies, as well as their associated neurodegeneration. Overall, the evolution of these local sleep deficits offer unique windows into the circuit-specific progression of distinct AD pathophysiological processes prior to AD onset, as well as their impact on brain function. This includes the potential erosion of sleep-dependent memory mechanisms, which may contribute to memory decline in AD. This review closes with a discussion of the remaining critical knowledge gaps and implications of this work for future mechanistic studies and studies implementing sleep-based treatment interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryce A. Mander
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
- Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
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28
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Dahal P, Ghani N, Flinker A, Dugan P, Friedman D, Doyle W, Devinsky O, Khodagholy D, Gelinas JN. Interictal epileptiform discharges shape large-scale intercortical communication. Brain 2020; 142:3502-3513. [PMID: 31501850 PMCID: PMC6821283 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awz269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Revised: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Dynamic interactions between remote but functionally specialized brain regions enable complex information processing. This intercortical communication is disrupted in the neural networks of patients with focal epilepsy, and epileptic activity can exert widespread effects within the brain. Using large-scale human intracranial electroencephalography recordings, we show that interictal epileptiform discharges (IEDs) are significantly coupled with spindles in discrete, individualized brain regions outside of the epileptic network. We found that a substantial proportion of these localized spindles travel across the cortical surface. Brain regions that participate in this IED-driven oscillatory coupling express spindles that have a broader spatial extent and higher tendency to propagate than spindles occurring in uncoupled regions. These altered spatiotemporal oscillatory properties identify areas that are shaped by epileptic activity independent of IED or seizure detection. Our findings suggest that IED-spindle coupling may be an important mechanism of interictal global network dysfunction that could be targeted to prevent disruption of normal neural activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prawesh Dahal
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Naureen Ghani
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Adeen Flinker
- Department of Neurology, NYU Langone, New York, NY, USA.,Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, NYU Langone, New York, NY, USA
| | - Patricia Dugan
- Department of Neurology, NYU Langone, New York, NY, USA.,Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, NYU Langone, New York, NY, USA
| | - Daniel Friedman
- Department of Neurology, NYU Langone, New York, NY, USA.,Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, NYU Langone, New York, NY, USA
| | - Werner Doyle
- Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, NYU Langone, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery, NYU Langone, New York, NY, USA
| | - Orrin Devinsky
- Department of Neurology, NYU Langone, New York, NY, USA.,Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, NYU Langone, New York, NY, USA
| | - Dion Khodagholy
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jennifer N Gelinas
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
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29
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Li W, Duan Y, Yan J, Gao H, Li X. Association between Loss of Sleep-specific Waves and Age, Sleep Efficiency, Body Mass Index, and Apnea-Hypopnea Index in Human N3 Sleep. Aging Dis 2020; 11:73-81. [PMID: 32010482 PMCID: PMC6961777 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2019.0420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 04/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Sleep spindles (SS) and K-complexes (KC) play important roles in human sleep. It has been reported that age, body mass index (BMI), and apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) may influence the number of SS or KC in non-rapid-eye-movement (NREM) 2 (N2) sleep. In this study, we investigated whether the loss of SS or KC is associated with the above factors in NREM 3 (N3) sleep. A total of 152 cases were enrolled from 2013 to 2017. The correlations between the number of SS or KC in N3 sleep and participants’ characteristics were analyzed using Spearman rank correlation. Chi-squared test was used to assess the effects of age, sleep efficiency, and BMI on the loss of N3 sleep, N3 spindle and N3 KC. Our results showed that there were negative correlations between the number of SS in N3 sleep with age, BMI, and AHI (P < 0.001), and similar trends were found for KC as well. The loss of SS and KC in N3 sleep was related with age, BMI, and AHI (P < 0.01), as was the loss of N3 sleep (P < 0.01). However, sleep efficiency was not related with the loss of N3 sleep, SS and KC in N3 sleep (P > 0.05). The present study supports that age, BMI, and AHI are all influencing factors of SS and KC loss in human N3 sleep, but sleep efficiency was not an influencing factor in the loss of N3 sleep and the loss of SS and KC in N3 sleep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiguang Li
- 1State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Ying Duan
- 2Clinical Sleep Medical Center, Air Force Medical Center, PLA, Beijing 100036, China
| | - Jiaqing Yan
- 3College of Electrical and Control Engineering, North China University of Technology, Beijing 100144, China
| | - He Gao
- 2Clinical Sleep Medical Center, Air Force Medical Center, PLA, Beijing 100036, China
| | - Xiaoli Li
- 1State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
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30
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Pesonen AK, Merikanto I, Halonen R, Ujma P, Makkonen T, Räikkönen K, Lahti J, Kuula L. Polygenic impact of morningness on the overnight dynamics of sleep spindle amplitude. Genes Brain Behav 2020; 19:e12641. [PMID: 31925898 DOI: 10.1111/gbb.12641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Sleep spindles are thalamocortical oscillations that contribute to sleep maintenance and sleep-related brain plasticity. The current study is an explorative study of the circadian dynamics of sleep spindles in relation to a polygenic score (PGS) for circadian preference towards morningness. The participants represent the 17-year follow-up of a birth cohort having both genome-wide data and an ambulatory sleep electroencephalography measurement available ( N = 154, Mean age = 16.9, SD = 0.1 years, 57% girls). Based on a recent genome-wide association study, we calculated a PGS for circadian preference towards morningness across the whole genome, including 354 single-nucleotide polymorphisms. Stage 2 slow (9-12.5 Hz, N = 186 739) and fast (12.5-16 Hz, N = 135 504) sleep spindles were detected using an automated algorithm with individual time tags and amplitudes for each spindle. There was a significant interaction of PGS for morningness and timing of sleep spindles across the night. These growth curve models showed a curvilinear trajectory of spindle amplitudes: those with a higher PGS for morningness showed higher slow spindle amplitudes in frontal derivations, and a faster dissipation of spindle amplitude in central derivations. Overall, the findings provide new evidence on how individual sleep spindle trajectories are influenced by genetic factors associated with circadian type. The finding may lead to new hypotheses on the associations previously observed between circadian types, psychiatric problems and spindle activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anu-Katriina Pesonen
- SleepWell Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ilona Merikanto
- SleepWell Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Risto Halonen
- SleepWell Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Peter Ujma
- Institute of Behavioural Sciences, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.,Epilepsy Centre, National Institute of Clinical Neurosciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tommi Makkonen
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Katri Räikkönen
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jari Lahti
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Liisa Kuula
- SleepWell Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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31
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Kozák G, Földi T, Berényi A. Spike-and-Wave Discharges Are Not Pathological Sleep Spindles, Network-Level Aspects of Age-Dependent Absence Seizure Development in Rats. eNeuro 2020; 7:ENEURO. [PMID: 31862790 DOI: 10.1523/ENEURO.0253-19.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2019] [Revised: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Spike-and-wave discharges (SWDs) of absence epilepsy are considered as pathologic alterations of sleep spindles; however, their network-level relationship has never been convincingly revealed. In order to observe the development and generalization of the thalamocortical SWDs and the concomitant alterations of sleep related oscillations, we performed local field potential (LFP) and single unit recordings in rats for three months during their maturation. We found that while SWDs and spindles look similar in young, they become different with maturation and shift to appear in different brain states. Thus, despite being generated by the same network, they are likely two distinct manifestations of the thalamocortical activity. We show that while spindles are already mainly global oscillations, SWDs appear mainly only focally in young. They become capable to generalize later with maturation, when the out-of-focus brain regions develop a decreased inhibitory/excitatory balance. These results suggest that a hyperexcitable focus is not sufficient alone to drive generalized absence seizures. Importantly, we also found the gradual age dependent disappearance of sleep spindles coinciding with the simultaneous gradual emergence of spike and waves, which both could be reversed by the proper dosing of ethosuximide (ETX). Based on these observations we conclude that the absence seizure development might be a multi-step process, which might involve the functional impairment of cortical interneurons and network-level changes that negatively affect sleep quality.
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Kulkarni PM, Xiao Z, Robinson EJ, Jami AS, Zhang J, Zhou H, Henin SE, Liu AA, Osorio RS, Wang J, Chen Z. A deep learning approach for real-time detection of sleep spindles. J Neural Eng 2019; 16:036004. [PMID: 30790769 PMCID: PMC6527330 DOI: 10.1088/1741-2552/ab0933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Sleep spindles have been implicated in memory consolidation and synaptic plasticity during NREM sleep. Detection accuracy and latency in automatic spindle detection are critical for real-time applications. APPROACH Here we propose a novel deep learning strategy (SpindleNet) to detect sleep spindles based on a single EEG channel. While the majority of spindle detection methods are used for off-line applications, our method is well suited for online applications. MAIN RESULTS Compared with other spindle detection methods, SpindleNet achieves superior detection accuracy and speed, as demonstrated in two publicly available expert-validated EEG sleep spindle datasets. Our real-time detection of spindle onset achieves detection latencies of 150-350 ms (~two-three spindle cycles) and retains excellent performance under low EEG sampling frequencies and low signal-to-noise ratios. SpindleNet has good generalization across different sleep datasets from various subject groups of different ages and species. SIGNIFICANCE SpindleNet is ultra-fast and scalable to multichannel EEG recordings, with an accuracy level comparable to human experts, making it appealing for long-term sleep monitoring and closed-loop neuroscience experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prathamesh M Kulkarni
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, New York University, New York, NY 10016, United States of America
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Merikanto I, Kuula L, Makkonen T, Salmela L, Räikkönen K, Pesonen AK. Autistic Traits Are Associated With Decreased Activity of Fast Sleep Spindles During Adolescence. J Clin Sleep Med 2019; 15:401-407. [PMID: 30853050 DOI: 10.5664/jcsm.7662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES Autistic traits present a continuum from mild symptoms to severe disorder and have been associated with a high prevalence of sleep problems. Sleep spindles have a key function in sleep maintenance and in brain plasticity. Previous studies have found decreased spindle activity in clinical autism. Here we examine the associations between the entire range of autistic traits and sleep spindle activity in a nonclinical community cohort of adolescents. METHODS Our cohort is based on 172 adolescents born in 1998 (58.7% girls, mean age = 16.9 years, standard deviation = 0.1), who filled in the adult autism-spectrum quotient (AQ), consisting of total score, and social interaction and attention to details subscales. Participants underwent an ambulatory overnight sleep electroencephalography. Sleep spindles (amplitude, duration, density, and intensity) were automatically detected from stage N2 sleep, and divided to slow and fast spindles. RESULTS Higher AQ total sum and social interaction sum associated with lower fast spindle amplitude and intensity (P < .04). No associations were observed for attention to details. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that a higher level of autistic traits in the nonclinical range among generally healthy adolescents associate with similar alterations in sleep spindle activity as observed in many neuropsychiatric conditions, indicating lower sleep-related brain plasticity. This indicates that sleep microstructures form a continuum that follows self-reported symptoms of autism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilona Merikanto
- SleepWell Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland.,Orton Orthopaedics Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Liisa Kuula
- SleepWell Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tommi Makkonen
- SleepWell Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Liisa Salmela
- SleepWell Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Katri Räikkönen
- SleepWell Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anu-Katriina Pesonen
- SleepWell Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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Langille JJ. Remembering to Forget: A Dual Role for Sleep Oscillations in Memory Consolidation and Forgetting. Front Cell Neurosci 2019; 13:71. [PMID: 30930746 PMCID: PMC6425990 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2019.00071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been known since the time of patient H. M. and Karl Lashley's equipotentiality studies that the hippocampus and cortex serve mnestic functions. Current memory models maintain that these two brain structures accomplish unique, but interactive, memory functions. Specifically, most modeling suggests that memories are rapidly acquired during waking experience by the hippocampus, before being later consolidated into the cortex for long-term storage. Sleep has been shown to be critical for the transfer and consolidation of memories in the cortex. Like memory consolidation, a role for sleep in adaptive forgetting has both historical precedent, as Francis Crick suggested in 1983 that sleep was for "reverse-learning," and recent empirical support. In this article I review the evidence indicating that the same brain activity involved in sleep replay associated memory consolidation is responsible for sleep-dependent forgetting. In reviewing the literature, it became clear that both a cellular mechanism for systems consolidation and an agreed upon general, as well as cellular, mechanism for sleep-dependent forgetting is seldom discussed or is lacking. I advocate here for a candidate cellular systems consolidation mechanism wherein changes in calcium kinetics and the activation of consolidative signaling cascades arise from the triple phase locking of non-rapid eye movement sleep (NREMS) slow oscillation, sleep spindle and sharp-wave ripple rhythms. I go on to speculatively consider several sleep stage specific forgetting mechanisms and conclude by discussing a notional function of NREM-rapid eye movement sleep (REMS) cycling. The discussed model argues that the cyclical organization of sleep functions to first lay down and edit and then stabilize and integrate engrams. All things considered, it is increasingly clear that hallmark sleep stage rhythms, including several NREMS oscillations and the REMS hippocampal theta rhythm, serve the dual function of enabling simultaneous memory consolidation and adaptive forgetting. Specifically, the same sleep rhythms that consolidate new memories, in the cortex and hippocampus, simultaneously organize the adaptive forgetting of older memories in these brain regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesse J Langille
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
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Ciric J, Kapor S, Perovic M, Saponjic J. Alterations of Sleep and Sleep Oscillations in the Hemiparkinsonian Rat. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:148. [PMID: 30872994 PMCID: PMC6401659 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.00148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Our previous studies in the rat model of Parkinson’s disease (PD) cholinopathy demonstrated the sleep-related alterations in electroencephalographic (EEG) oscillations at the cortical and hippocampal levels, cortical drives, and sleep spindles (SSs) as the earliest functional biomarkers preceding hypokinesia. Our aim in this study was to follow the impact of a unilateral substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) lesion in rat on the cortical and hippocampal sleep architectures and their EEG microstructures, as well as the cortico-hippocampal synchronizations of EEG oscillations, and the SS and high voltage sleep spindle (HVS) dynamics during NREM and REM sleep. We performed unilateral SNpc lesions using two different concentrations/volumes of 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA; 12 μg/1 μl or 12 μg/2 μl). Whereas the unilateral dopaminergic neuronal loss >50% throughout the overall SNpc rostro-caudal dimension prolonged the Wake state, with no change in the NREM or REM duration, there was a long-lasting theta amplitude augmentation across all sleep states in the motor cortex (MCx), but also in the CA1 hippocampus (Hipp) during both Wake and REM sleep. We demonstrate that SS are the hallmarks of NREM sleep, but that they also occur during REM sleep in the MCx and Hipp of the control rats. Whereas SS are always longer in REM vs. NREM sleep in both structures, they are consistently slower in the Hipp. The dopaminergic neuronal loss increased the density of SS in both structures and shortened them in the MCx during NREM sleep, without changing the intrinsic frequency. Conversely, HVS are the hallmarks of REM sleep in the control rats, slower in the Hipp vs. MCx, and the dopaminergic neuronal loss increased their density in the MCx, but shortened them more consistently in the Hipp during REM sleep. In addition, there was an altered synchronization of the EEG oscillations between the MCx and Hipp in different sleep states, particularly the theta and sigma coherences during REM sleep. We provide novel evidence for the importance of the SNpc dopaminergic innervation in sleep regulation, theta rhythm generation, and SS/HVS dynamics control. We suggest the importance of the underlying REM sleep regulatory substrate to HVS generation and duration and to the cortico-hippocampal synchronizations of EEG oscillations in hemiparkinsonian rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelena Ciric
- Department of Neurobiology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Slobodan Kapor
- Department of Neurobiology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.,School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milka Perovic
- Department of Neurobiology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jasna Saponjic
- Department of Neurobiology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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Laventure S, Pinsard B, Lungu O, Carrier J, Fogel S, Benali H, Lina JM, Boutin A, Doyon J. Beyond spindles: interactions between sleep spindles and boundary frequencies during cued reactivation of motor memory representations. Sleep 2018; 41:5077412. [PMID: 30137521 PMCID: PMC6132625 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsy142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Revised: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
There is now ample evidence that sleep spindles play a critical role in the consolidation of newly acquired motor sequences. Previous studies have also revealed that the interplay between different types of sleep oscillations (e.g. spindles, slow waves, sharp-wave ripples) promotes the consolidation process of declarative memories. Yet the functional contribution of this type of frequency-specific interactions to motor memory consolidation remains unknown. Thus, this study sought to investigate whether spindle oscillations are associated with low- or high-frequency activity at the regional (local) and interregional (connectivity) levels. Using an olfactory-targeted memory reactivation paradigm paired to a motor sequence learning task, we compared the effect of cuing (Cond) to no-cuing (NoCond) on frequency interactions during sleep spindles. Time-frequency decomposition analyses revealed that cuing induced significant differential and localized changes in delta (1-4 Hz) and theta (4-8 Hz) frequencies before, during, and after spindles, as well as changes in high-beta (20-30 Hz) during the spindle oscillation. Finally, coherence analyses yielded significant increases in connectivity during sleep spindles in both theta and sigma (11-17 Hz) bands in the cued group only. These results support the notion that the synchrony between spindle and associated low- or high-frequency rhythmic activity is an integral part of the memory reactivation process. Furthermore, they highlight the importance of not only measuring spindles' characteristics, but to investigate such oscillations in both time and frequency domains when assessing memory consolidation-related changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Laventure
- Department of Psychology, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Functional Neuroimaging Unit, C.R.I.U.G.M., Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Basile Pinsard
- Functional Neuroimaging Unit, C.R.I.U.G.M., Montreal, QC, Canada
- McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, INSERM, Laboratoire d’Imagerie Biomédicale (LIB), 75013 Paris, France
| | - Ovidiu Lungu
- Department of Psychology, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Functional Neuroimaging Unit, C.R.I.U.G.M., Montreal, QC, Canada
- McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Julie Carrier
- Department of Psychology, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Functional Neuroimaging Unit, C.R.I.U.G.M., Montreal, QC, Canada
- Center for Advanced Research in Sleep Medicine, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Stuart Fogel
- School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- University of Ottawa Institute of Mental Health Research, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- University of Ottawa Brain and Mind Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Habib Benali
- PERFORM Centre, Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Concordia University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Jean-Marc Lina
- Center for Advanced Research in Sleep Medicine, Montreal, QC, Canada
- École de technologie supérieure, Department of Electrical Engineering, Montreal, Canada
| | - Arnaud Boutin
- Department of Psychology, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Functional Neuroimaging Unit, C.R.I.U.G.M., Montreal, QC, Canada
- McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Julien Doyon
- Department of Psychology, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Functional Neuroimaging Unit, C.R.I.U.G.M., Montreal, QC, Canada
- McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
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Serdaroğlu E, Tezer Fİ, Saygi S. Autoimmune Epilepsy and/or Limbic Encephalitis Can Lead to Changes in Sleep Spindles. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 55:320-324. [PMID: 30622387 DOI: 10.5152/npa.2017.19442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2016] [Accepted: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Sleep disorders have been described in patients with autoimmune limbic encephalitis (LE). The changes in sleep structure were also reported. Recently sleep spindle abnormalities such as asynchronous or prolonged spindles were observed children with LE. Methods We studied the sleep and number of sleep spindles in the continuous electroencephalography-polysomnography (EEG-PSG) recordings of 6 patients with autoimmune epilepsy and/or LE. The longest NREM 2 period was selected. We evaluated the spindle density (spindles per minute), and compared that to the spindle densities of epilepsy patients with bilateral hippocampal sclerosis and healthy controls. Results We have demonstrated that patients with autoimmune epilepsy and/or LE had reduced slow wave sleep with decreased number of sleep spindles. The mean number of spindles in 60 seconds was 5.86±5.03 in patients with autoimmune epilepsy and/or LE. But spindle density was higher in two control groups (10.6±1.65 and 9.95±0.79). Conclusions The sleep abnormalities in LE can result from the disruption of thalamo-limbic circuits, and lead to changes in spindle wave activity. Although density of spindles decreased with acute lesions in thalamo-limbic circuits, the relations with structural lesions or chronicity of disease are not clear. That may be related to functional disruption of neural circuitry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esra Serdaroğlu
- Pediatric Neurology Department, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - F İrsel Tezer
- Neurology Department, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Serap Saygi
- Neurology Department, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
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Antony JW, Piloto L, Wang M, Pacheco P, Norman KA, Paller KA. Sleep Spindle Refractoriness Segregates Periods of Memory Reactivation. Curr Biol 2018; 28:1736-1743.e4. [PMID: 29804809 PMCID: PMC5992601 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2018.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Revised: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The stability of long-term memories is enhanced by reactivation during sleep. Correlative evidence has linked memory reactivation with thalamocortical sleep spindles, although their functional role is not fully understood. Our initial study replicated this correlation and also demonstrated a novel rhythmicity to spindles, such that a spindle is more likely to occur approximately 3-6 s following a prior spindle. We leveraged this rhythmicity to test the role of spindles in memory by using real-time spindle tracking to present cues within versus just after the presumptive refractory period; as predicted, cues presented just after the refractory period led to better memory. Our findings demonstrate a precise temporal link between sleep spindles and memory reactivation. Moreover, they reveal a previously undescribed neural mechanism whereby spindles may segment sleep into two distinct substates: prime opportunities for reactivation and gaps that segregate reactivation events.
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Affiliation(s)
- James W Antony
- Princeton Neuroscience Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA.
| | - Luis Piloto
- Princeton Neuroscience Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Margaret Wang
- Princeton Neuroscience Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Paula Pacheco
- Princeton Neuroscience Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Kenneth A Norman
- Princeton Neuroscience Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Ken A Paller
- Department of Psychology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
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Yoshiike T, Nishida M, Yagishita K, Nariai T, Ishii K, Nishikawa T. Altered Sleep Spindles in Delayed Encephalopathy after Acute Carbon Monoxide Poisoning. J Clin Sleep Med 2016; 12:913-5. [PMID: 26951423 DOI: 10.5664/jcsm.5900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2015] [Accepted: 01/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Delayed encephalopathy (DE) affects not only the cerebral white matter and globus pallidus but also the cortex and thalamus. However, it remains unknown whether these brain lesions alter sleep along with clinical manifestations of DE. A 46-year-old man with DE underwent repetitive hyperbaric oxygen therapy. The patient was evaluated by not only neuropsychological and neuroimaging testing but polysomnography over the clinical course. Neurological symptoms improved markedly; however, profound frontal cognitive deficits continued. The polysomnography revealed prolonged absence and delayed recovery of sleep spindles across recordings. Alterations in spindle oscillations in DE could provide further insight into sleep regulatory networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Yoshiike
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masaki Nishida
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuyoshi Yagishita
- Hyperbaric Medical Center, Medical Hospital, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tadashi Nariai
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenji Ishii
- Research Team for Neuroimaging, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toru Nishikawa
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Evidence has accumulated, which indicates that, in healthy individuals, sleep enhances procedural memory consolidation, and that sleep spindle activity modulates this process. However, whether sleep-dependent procedural memory consolidation occurs in patients medicated for major depressive disorder remains unclear, as are the pharmacological and physiological mechanisms that underlie this process. METHODS Healthy control participants (n=17) and patients medicated for major depressive disorder (n=11) were recruited and subjected to a finger-tapping motor sequence test (MST; nondominant hand) paradigm to compare the averaged scores of different learning phases (presleep, postsleep, and overnight improvement). Participants' brain activity was recorded during sleep with 16 electroencephalography channels (between MSTs). Sleep scoring and frequency analyses were performed on the electroencephalography data. Additionally, we evaluated sleep spindle activity, which divided the spindles into fast-frequency spindle activity (12.5-16 Hz) and slow-frequency spindle activity (10.5-12.5 Hz). RESULT Sleep-dependent motor memory consolidation in patients with depression was impaired in comparison with that in control participants. In patients with depression, age correlated negatively with overnight improvement. The duration of slow-wave sleep correlated with the magnitude of motor memory consolidation in patients with depression, but not in healthy controls. Slow-frequency spindle activity was associated with reduction in the magnitude of motor memory consolidation in both groups. CONCLUSION Because the changes in slow-frequency spindle activity affected the thalamocortical network dysfunction in patients medicated for depression, dysregulated spindle generation may impair sleep-dependent memory consolidation. Our findings may help to elucidate the cognitive deficits that occur in patients with major depression both in the waking state and during sleep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Nishida
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Yushima, Bunkyo, Japan
| | - Yusaku Nakashima
- Medical Technology Research Laboratory, Research and Development Division, Medical Business Unit, Sony Corporation, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toru Nishikawa
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Yushima, Bunkyo, Japan
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Campbell IG, Feinberg I. Maturational Patterns of Sigma Frequency Power Across Childhood and Adolescence: A Longitudinal Study. Sleep 2016; 39:193-201. [PMID: 26285004 PMCID: PMC4678354 DOI: 10.5665/sleep.5346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2015] [Accepted: 07/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES To further evaluate adolescent brain maturation by determining the longitudinal trajectories of nonrapid eye movement (NREM) sigma (11-15 Hz) power across childhood-adolescence. METHODS The maturational trend for sigma (11-15 Hz) power was evaluated in an accelerated longitudinal study of three overlapping age cohorts (n = 92) covering ages 6 to 18 y. Semiannually, sleep electroencephalography (EEG) was recorded from participants sleeping at home in their normal sleep environment while keeping their current school night schedules. RESULTS Sigma frequencies became faster with age. The frequency of the 11-15 Hz spectral peak increased linearly. Sigma frequency power (SFP) declined with age, but its trajectory was complex (cubic). Power in a group of low sigma subfrequencies declined with age. Power in a group of high sigma frequencies increased with age. Power in subfrequencies within 11-15 Hz also showed different trends across the night, with lower frequencies increasing across NREM periods and higher frequencies decreasing across NREM periods. The upper and lower boundaries for the sigma frequencies that changed across NREMPs shifted upward with age. CONCLUSIONS We hypothesize that these maturational brain changes result from synaptic elimination which decreases sleep depth and streamlines circuits. SFP displays a maturational trajectory different from both delta and theta power. Theories on the function of sigma must be reconciled with its maturational trajectory. These findings further demonstrate the value of sleep EEG for studying noninvasively the complex developmental brain changes of adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian G. Campbell
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA
| | - Irwin Feinberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA
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Goldstein MR, Cook JD, Plante DT. The 5α-reductase inhibitor finasteride is not associated with alterations in sleep spindles in men referred for polysomnography. Hum Psychopharmacol 2016; 31:70-4. [PMID: 26494125 PMCID: PMC4718775 DOI: 10.1002/hup.2502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2015] [Revised: 06/19/2015] [Accepted: 08/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Endogenous neurosteroids that potentiate the gamma-aminobutyric acid type A (GABAA ) receptor are thought to enhance the generation of sleep spindles. This study tested the hypothesis that the 5α-reductase inhibitor finasteride, an agent associated with reductions in neurosteroids, would be associated with reduced sleep spindles in men referred for polysomnography. METHODS Spectral analysis and spindle waveform detection were performed on electroencephalographic (EEG) sleep data in the 11-16 Hz sigma band, as well as several subranges, from 27 men taking finasteride and 27 matched comparison patients (ages 18 to 81 years). RESULTS No significant differences between groups were observed for spectral power or sleep spindle morphology measures, including spindle density, amplitude, duration, and integrated spindle activity. CONCLUSIONS Contrary to our hypothesis, these findings demonstrate that finasteride is not associated with alterations in sleep spindle range activity or spindle morphology parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael R. Goldstein
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA,Department of Psychology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Jesse D. Cook
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - David T. Plante
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
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Adamczyk M, Genzel L, Dresler M, Steiger A, Friess E. Automatic Sleep Spindle Detection and Genetic Influence Estimation Using Continuous Wavelet Transform. Front Hum Neurosci 2015; 9:624. [PMID: 26635577 PMCID: PMC4652604 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2015.00624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2015] [Accepted: 10/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Mounting evidence for the role of sleep spindles in neuroplasticity has led to an increased interest in these non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep oscillations. It has been hypothesized that fast and slow spindles might play a different role in memory processing. Here, we present a new sleep spindle detection algorithm utilizing a continuous wavelet transform (CWT) and individual adjustment of slow and fast spindle frequency ranges. Eighteen nap recordings of ten subjects were used for algorithm validation. Our method was compared with both a human scorer and a commercially available SIESTA spindle detector. For the validation set, mean agreement between our detector and human scorer measured during sleep stage 2 using kappa coefficient was 0.45, whereas mean agreement between our detector and SIESTA algorithm was 0.62. Our algorithm was also applied to sleep-related memory consolidation data previously analyzed with a SIESTA detector and confirmed previous findings of significant correlation between spindle density and declarative memory consolidation. We then applied our method to a study in monozygotic (MZ) and dizygotic (DZ) twins, examining the genetic component of slow and fast sleep spindle parameters. Our analysis revealed strong genetic influence on variance of all slow spindle parameters, weaker genetic effect on fast spindles, and no effects on fast spindle density and number during stage 2 sleep.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lisa Genzel
- Centre for Cognitive and Neural Systems, University of Edinburgh Edinburgh, UK
| | - Martin Dresler
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry Munich, Germany ; Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Axel Steiger
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry Munich, Germany
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Tsanas A, Clifford GD. Stage-independent, single lead EEG sleep spindle detection using the continuous wavelet transform and local weighted smoothing. Front Hum Neurosci 2015; 9:181. [PMID: 25926784 PMCID: PMC4396195 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2015.00181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2014] [Accepted: 03/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Sleep spindles are critical in characterizing sleep and have been associated with cognitive function and pathophysiological assessment. Typically, their detection relies on the subjective and time-consuming visual examination of electroencephalogram (EEG) signal(s) by experts, and has led to large inter-rater variability as a result of poor definition of sleep spindle characteristics. Hitherto, many algorithmic spindle detectors inherently make signal stationarity assumptions (e.g., Fourier transform-based approaches) which are inappropriate for EEG signals, and frequently rely on additional information which may not be readily available in many practical settings (e.g., more than one EEG channels, or prior hypnogram assessment). This study proposes a novel signal processing methodology relying solely on a single EEG channel, and provides objective, accurate means toward probabilistically assessing the presence of sleep spindles in EEG signals. We use the intuitively appealing continuous wavelet transform (CWT) with a Morlet basis function, identifying regions of interest where the power of the CWT coefficients corresponding to the frequencies of spindles (11-16 Hz) is large. The potential for assessing the signal segment as a spindle is refined using local weighted smoothing techniques. We evaluate our findings on two databases: the MASS database comprising 19 healthy controls and the DREAMS sleep spindle database comprising eight participants diagnosed with various sleep pathologies. We demonstrate that we can replicate the experts' sleep spindles assessment accurately in both databases (MASS database: sensitivity: 84%, specificity: 90%, false discovery rate 83%, DREAMS database: sensitivity: 76%, specificity: 92%, false discovery rate: 67%), outperforming six competing automatic sleep spindle detection algorithms in terms of correctly replicating the experts' assessment of detected spindles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athanasios Tsanas
- Department of Engineering Science, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of OxfordOxford, UK
- Wolfson Centre for Mathematical Biology, Mathematical Institute, University of OxfordOxford, UK
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Sleep and Circadian Neuroscience Institute, University of OxfordUK
| | - Gari D. Clifford
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Sleep and Circadian Neuroscience Institute, University of OxfordUK
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Emory UniversityAtlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of TechnologyAtlanta, GA, USA
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Ktonas PY, Ventouras EC. Automated detection of sleep spindles in the scalp EEG and estimation of their intracranial current sources: comments on techniques and on related experimental and clinical studies. Front Hum Neurosci 2014; 8:998. [PMID: 25540616 PMCID: PMC4261733 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2014.00998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2014] [Accepted: 11/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Periklis Y. Ktonas
- Sleep Study Unit, 1st Psychiatric Clinic, Eginition Hospital, University of Athens Medical SchoolAthens, Greece
| | - Errikos-Chaim Ventouras
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Technological Educational Institution of AthensAthens, Greece
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Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES To investigate the within-subject stability in the sleep EEG and the association between the sleep EEG and intellectual abilities in 9- to 12-year-old children. DESIGN Intellectual ability (WISC-IV, full scale, fluid, and verbal IQ, working memory, speed of processing) were examined and all-night polysomnography was performed (2 nights per subject). SETTING Sleep laboratory. PARTICIPANTS Fourteen healthy children (mean age 10.5 ± 1.0 years; 6 girls). MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS Spectral analysis was performed on artifact-free NREM sleep epochs (C3/A2). To determine intra-individual stability and inter-individual variability of the sleep EEG, power spectra were used as feature vectors for the estimation of Euclidean distances, and intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) were calculated for the 2 nights. Sleep spindle peaks were identified for each individual and individual sigma band power was determined. Trait-like aspects of the sleep EEG were observed for sleep stage variables and spectral power. Within-subject distances were smaller than between-subject distances and ICC values ranged from 0.72 to 0.96. Correlations between spectral power in individual frequency bins and intelligence scores revealed clusters of positive associations in the alpha, sigma, and beta range for full scale IQ, fluid IQ, and working memory. Similar to adults, sigma power correlated with full scale (r = 0.67) and fluid IQ (r = 0.65), but not with verbal IQ. Spindle peak frequency was negatively related to full scale IQ (r = -0.56). CONCLUSIONS The sleep EEG during childhood shows high within-subject stability and may be a marker for intellectual ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Geiger
- Child Development Center, University Children’s Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Hoedlmoser K, Pecherstorfer T, Gruber G, Anderer P, Doppelmayr M, Klimesch W, Schabus M. Instrumental conditioning of human sensorimotor rhythm (12-15 Hz) and its impact on sleep as well as declarative learning. Sleep 2008; 31:1401-8. [PMID: 18853937 PMCID: PMC2572745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023] Open
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES To test whether instrumental conditioning of sensorimotor rhythm (SMR; 12-15 Hz) has an impact on sleep parameters as well as declarative memory performance in humans. DESIGN Randomized, parallel group design SETTING 10 instrumental conditioning sessions, pre- and posttreatment investigation including sleep evaluations PARTICIPANTS 27 healthy subjects (13 male) INTERVENTIONS SMR-conditioning (experimental group) or randomized-frequency conditioning (control group); declarative memory task before and after a 90-min nap MEASUREMENT AND RESULTS The experimental group was trained to enhance the amplitude of their SMR-frequency range, whereas the control group participated in a randomized-frequency conditioning program (i.e., every session a different 3-Hz frequency bin between 7 and 20 Hz). During pre- and posttreatment the subjects had to attend the sleep laboratory to take a 90-min nap (2:00-3:30 pm) and to perform a declarative memory task before and after sleep. The experimental design was successful in conditioning an increase in relative 12-15 Hz amplitude within 10 sessions (d = 0.7). Increased SMR activity was also expressed during subsequent sleep by eliciting positive changes in different sleep parameters (sleep spindle number [d = 0.6], sleep onset latency [d = 0.7]); additionally, this increased 12-15 Hz amplitude was associated with enhancement in retrieval score computed at immediate cued recall (d = 0.9). CONCLUSION Relative SMR amplitude increased over 10 instrumental conditioning sessions (in the experimental group only) and this "shaping of one's own brain activity" improved subsequent declarative learning and facilitated the expression of 12-15 Hz spindle oscillations during sleep. Most interestingly, these electrophysiological changes were accompanied by a shortened sleep onset latency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerstin Hoedlmoser
- University of Salzburg, Department of Psychology, Division of Physiological Psychology, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Thomas Pecherstorfer
- University of Salzburg, Department of Psychology, Division of Physiological Psychology, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Georg Gruber
- Medical University of Vienna, Department of Psychiatry, Vienna, Austria
| | - Peter Anderer
- Medical University of Vienna, Department of Psychiatry, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Doppelmayr
- University of Salzburg, Department of Psychology, Division of Physiological Psychology, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Klimesch
- University of Salzburg, Department of Psychology, Division of Physiological Psychology, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Manuel Schabus
- University of Salzburg, Department of Psychology, Division of Physiological Psychology, Salzburg, Austria
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