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Zhang H, Du M, Hu H, Zhang H, Song N. A Review of Ultrasonic Treatment in Mineral Flotation: Mechanism and Recent Development. Molecules 2024; 29:1984. [PMID: 38731475 PMCID: PMC11085708 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29091984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Ultrasonic treatment has been widely used in the mineral flotation process due to its advantages in terms of operational simplicity, no secondary pollutant formation, and safety. Currently, many studies have reported the effect of ultrasonic treatment on mineral flotation and shown excellent flotation performance. In this review, the ultrasonic mechanisms are classified into three types: the transient cavitation effect, stable cavitation effect, and acoustic radiation force effect. The effect of the main ultrasonic parameters, including ultrasonic power and ultrasonic frequency, on mineral flotation are discussed. This review highlights the uses of the application of ultrasonic treatment in minerals (such as the cleaning effect, ultrasonic corrosion, and desulfuration), flotation agents (such as dispersion and emulsification and change in properties and microstructure of pharmaceutical solution), and slurry (such formation of microbubbles and coalescence). Additionally, this review discusses the challenges and prospects of using ultrasonic approaches for mineral flotation. The findings demonstrate that the application of the ultrasonic effect yields diverse impacts on flotation, thereby enabling the regulation of flotation behavior through various treatment methods to enhance flotation indices and achieve the desired objectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Material, Weinan Normal University, Weinan 714099, China; (H.Z.); (N.S.)
| | - Mingming Du
- State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering (SKLMF), Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China;
| | - Haijie Hu
- Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Reservoir Protection Technology of Oilfields, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xi’an Shiyou University, Xi’an 710065, China;
| | - Hongli Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Material, Weinan Normal University, Weinan 714099, China; (H.Z.); (N.S.)
| | - Naijian Song
- College of Chemistry and Material, Weinan Normal University, Weinan 714099, China; (H.Z.); (N.S.)
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Gyte A, Kelsey A. Working with cattle slurry on farms: emission and dispersion of hydrogen sulfide gas during stirring. Ann Work Expo Health 2024; 68:387-396. [PMID: 38527239 DOI: 10.1093/annweh/wxae020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Over the past 15 years, there have been numerous fatalities related to working with animal slurry. Working with cattle slurry releases toxic gases, in particular, hydrogen sulphide (H2S), which can cause acute central nervous system toxicity, breathing difficulties, and death if exposed to high concentrations. Real-time measurements of H2S gas were taken over distance and time, during the stirring of cattle slurry on farms. Gas was measured at eight slurry stores with differing typical configurations of indoor or outdoor stores and with or without slatted flooring. Highest H2S gas levels were measured from indoor stores under slatted floors, and generally at positions closest to the stirrer or the point of maximum stirring, with levels decreasing with distance from source. Most of the data indicate H2S gas levels increase very rapidly after stirring starts, and mostly decline to baseline levels within 30 min post start of stirring. There were, however, circumstances where gas levels remained high and only started to decline once the stirrer had stopped. H2S gas levels at all farms, at all positions measured were consistently below 10 ppm within 30 min of the stirrer being stopped. The current data highlight areas of the farm and ways of working that have the potential for workers and others to be at risk of exposure to toxic slurry gases. The area should be left to ventilate naturally for at least 30 min after the stirrer has been stopped before re-entering buildings. Influencing the design of stirring equipment and future slurry stores would likely reduce the risk of worker exposure to slurry gases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Gyte
- The Health and Safety Executive, The HSE Science and Research Centre, Harpur Hill, Buxton, Derbyshire SK17 9JN, United Kingdom
| | - Adrian Kelsey
- The Health and Safety Executive, The HSE Science and Research Centre, Harpur Hill, Buxton, Derbyshire SK17 9JN, United Kingdom
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Patyra E, Osiński Z, Kwiatek K. The Identification and Quantification of 21 Antibacterial Substances by LC-MS/MS in Natural and Organic Liquid Fertilizer Samples. Molecules 2024; 29:1644. [PMID: 38611923 PMCID: PMC11013321 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29071644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Antibiotics in animal production are widely used around the world for therapeutic and preventive purposes, and in some countries, they still serve as antibiotic growth stimulants. Regardless of the purpose of using antibiotics in livestock, they may be present in animal tissues and organs as well as in body fluids and excretions (feces and urine). Farm animal excrement in unprocessed form (natural fertilizers) or processed form (organic fertilizers) is applied to agricultural fields because it improves soil fertility. Antibiotics present in fertilizers may therefore contaminate the soil, surface, groundwater, and plants, which may pose a threat to the environment, animals, and humans. Therefore, it is important to develop analytical methods that will allow for the control of the presence of antibacterial substances in natural and organic fertilizers. Therefore, in this study, an LC-MS/MS method was developed and validated for the determination of 21 antibacterial substances in natural and organic liquid fertilizers. The developed method was used to analyze 62 samples of natural and organic liquid fertilizers, showing that over 24% of the tested samples were contaminated with antibiotics, mainly from the group of tetracyclines and fluoroquinolones. Studies of post-fermentation sludge from biogas plants have shown that the processes of anaerobic methane fermentation, pH, and temperature changes taking place in bioreactors do not lead to the complete degradation of antibiotics present in the material used for biogas production. For this reason, monitoring studies of natural and organic fertilizers should be undertaken to limit the introduction of antibiotics into the natural environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewelina Patyra
- Department of Hygiene of Animal Feedingstuffs, National Veterinary Research Institute, 24-100 Pulawy, Poland; (Z.O.); (K.K.)
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Shuhaiber J, Moradi Tuchayi S, Bijari FJ, Guehl NJ, Wang Y, Farinelli WA, Arkun K, El Fakhri G, Anderson RR, Garibyan L. Injectable ice slurry for reducing pericardial adipose tissue. Lasers Surg Med 2023; 55:674-679. [PMID: 37464943 DOI: 10.1002/lsm.23709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Excess pericardial adipose tissue (PAT) is associated with a higher risk of cardiovascular diseases. Currently, available methods for reducing PAT volume include weight loss through diet and exercise, weight loss with medications, and bariatric surgery. However, these methods are all limited by low patient compliance to maintain the results. We have developed an injectable ice slurry that could selectively target and reduce subcutaneous adipose tissue volume. The aim of this study was to investigate the feasibility and safety of using injectable slurry to selectively reduce PAT volume in a preclinical large animal model. METHODS PAT in Yucatan swine was injected with slurry or room temperature control solution. All animals were imaged with baseline chest computed tomography (CT) before slurry injection and at 2 months after injection to quantify PAT volume. Specimens from injected and noninjected PAT were harvested for histology. RESULTS Slurry treatment of PAT was well tolerated in all animals. Slurry-induced selective cryolipolysis in treated PAT. CT imaging showed decrease in PAT volume in treated area at 8 weeks posttreatment compared to baseline, that was significantly different from control solution treated group (median [range]: -29.66 [-35.07 to -27.92]% vs. -1.50 [-11.69 to 8.69]% in control animals respectively, p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated that slurry injection into PAT is feasible in a large animal model. Slurry injection was safe and effective in inducing selective cryolipolysis in PAT and reducing PAT volume. Slurry reduction of PAT could potentially serve as a novel treatment for cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey Shuhaiber
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sara Moradi Tuchayi
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Felicitas J Bijari
- Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Nicolas J Guehl
- Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ying Wang
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - William A Farinelli
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Knarik Arkun
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Georges El Fakhri
- Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Richard R Anderson
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Lilit Garibyan
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Burešová I, Červenka L, Šebestíková R, Augustová M, Jarošová A. Applicability of Flours from Pigmented and Glutinous Rice in Gluten-Free Bread Baking. Foods 2023; 12:foods12061324. [PMID: 36981251 PMCID: PMC10048109 DOI: 10.3390/foods12061324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The flours from pigmented and glutinous rice have a great potential to increase the nutritional quality of gluten-free breads. The characteristics of whole-meal fine flours, slurries, doughs, and breads prepared from black, red, and white glutinous rice were, therefore, compared with commercially used refined fine and semi-coarse white rice flours. The pasting properties of different flours were strongly influenced by the type of rice they were made from. Slurries with red and glutinous flours exhibited a shift to a lower pasting temperature T0, lower values of ηPeak and ηFinal, as well as higher values of the breakdown and setback region than the slurries with refined flours. The slurry with black flour exhibited high values of viscosity η0 and breakdown, together with low values of ηFinal, setback region and total setback. Bread characteristics were strongly correlated with the pasting properties. The presence of bran particles did not negatively impact loaf volume, crumb hardness, springiness, and chewiness. Some defects were observed in glutinous and red rice bread. Fine flour exhibited better baking performance than semi-coarse flour. Glutinous flour has the potential to become an ingredient in gluten-free baking. The applicability of various black and red rice flours may be limited by the flavor and the taste.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iva Burešová
- Faculty of Technology, Tomas Bata University in Zlín, Nám. T. G. Masaryka 5555, 760 01 Zlín, Czech Republic
| | - Libor Červenka
- Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentská 95, 532 10 Pardubice, Czech Republic
| | - Romana Šebestíková
- Faculty of Technology, Tomas Bata University in Zlín, Nám. T. G. Masaryka 5555, 760 01 Zlín, Czech Republic
| | - Monika Augustová
- Faculty of Technology, Tomas Bata University in Zlín, Nám. T. G. Masaryka 5555, 760 01 Zlín, Czech Republic
| | - Alžbeta Jarošová
- Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic
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Dalby FR, Hansen MJ, Guldberg LB, Hafner SD, Feilberg A. Simple Management Changes Drastically Reduce Pig House Methane Emission in Combined Experimental and Modeling Study. Environ Sci Technol 2023; 57:3990-4002. [PMID: 36808979 PMCID: PMC9996816 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c08891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Reducing methane from livestock slurry is one of the quickest ways to counteract global warming. A straightforward strategy is to reduce slurry retention time inside pig houses by frequent transfer to outside storages, where temperature and therefore microbial activity are lower. We demonstrate three frequent slurry removal strategies in pig houses in a year-round continuous measurement campaign. Slurry funnels, slurry trays, and weekly flushing reduced slurry methane emission by 89, 81, and 53%, respectively. Slurry funnels and slurry trays reduced ammonia emission by 25-30%. An extended version of the anaerobic biodegradation model (ABM) was fitted and validated using barn measurements. It was then applied for predicting storage emission and shows that there is a risk of negating barn methane reductions due to increased emission from outside storage. Therefore, we recommend combining the removal strategies with anaerobic digestion pre-storage or storage mitigation technologies such as slurry acidification. However, even without storage mitigation technologies, predicted net methane reduction from pig houses and following outside storage was at least 30% for all slurry removal strategies.
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Romanov D, Vershinina K, Nyashina G, Strizhak P. Multiple-criteria decision analysis to substantiate the prospects of industrial and solid municipal wastes as slurry fuel components. Waste Manag Res 2023; 41:418-430. [PMID: 36255331 PMCID: PMC9925911 DOI: 10.1177/0734242x221127170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
This article investigates the recovery of typical wastes (coal slime, sawdust, cardboard and tire pyrolysis residue) as part of high-moisture slurry fuels. Using a laboratory furnace, the ignition and combustion characteristics of fuels as well as NOx and SOx emissions were determined. Using multiple-criteria decision-making (MCDM) methods and experimental results, we access the performance of four different slurry fuels in comparison with bituminous coal. The novelty of the study is based on the following features: we consider a unique set of parameters of the fuels (economic, environmental, safety and energy indicators), as well as three countries for their potential use (the USA, India and Russia); three different methods for calculating the efficiency indicator of each fuel were used. Despite rather low energy performance, the summarizing efficiency indicator of waste-based slurries was 53-93% higher than that of coal. The use of cardboard in the composition of a fuel blend showed the best complex result (the increase in the efficiency indicator was 80-93% relative to coal). The least promising additive was the pyrolysis residue of automobile tires. Its addition resulted in a 10-15% decrease in overall efficiency relative to a slurry without additives. The research results are useful for optimizing the component composition of waste-based slurries, technical and economic development of projects for the incineration of various wastes in the form of high-moisture fuel slurries.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ksenia Vershinina
- Ksenia Vershinina, National Research Tomsk
Polytechnic University, 30, Lenin Avenue, Tomsk 634050, Russia.
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Ni P, Farinelli WA, Cheng LL, Farrar CT, Motamarry A, Moradi Tuchayi S, Wang Y, Anderson RR, Garibyan L. Total ice content and lipid saturation determine adipose tissue cryolipolysis by injection of ice- slurry. Lasers Surg Med 2023; 55:116-125. [PMID: 35598082 PMCID: PMC9676409 DOI: 10.1002/lsm.23557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Cryolipolysis uses tissue cooling to solidify lipids, preferentially damaging lipid-rich cells. Topical cooling is popular for the reduction of local subcutaneous fat. Injection of biocompatible ice-slurry is a recently introduced alternative. We developed and verified a quantitative model that simulates the heat exchange and phase changes involved, offering insights into ice-slurry injection for treating subcutaneous fat. METHODS Finite element method was used to model the spatial and temporal progression of heat transfer between adipose tissue and injected ice-slurry, estimating dose-response relationships between properties of the slurry and size of tissue affected by cryolipolysis. Phase changes of both slurry and adipose tissue lipids were considered. An in vivo swine model was used to validate the numerical solutions. Oils with different lipid compositions were exposed to ice-slurry in vitro to evaluate the effects of lipid freezing temperature. Microscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) were performed to detect lipid phase changes. RESULTS A ball of granular ice was deposited at the injection site in subcutaneous fat. Total injected ice content determines both the effective cooling region of tissue, and the duration of tissue cooling. Water's high latent heat of fusion enables tissue cooling long after slurry injection. Slurry temperature affects the rate of tissue cooling. In swine, when 30 ml slurry injection at -3.5°C was compared to 15 ml slurry injection at -4.8°C (both with the same total ice content), the latter led to almost twice faster tissue cooling. NMR showed a large decrease in diffusion upon lipid crystallization; saturated lipids with higher freezing temperatures were more susceptible to solidification after ice-slurry injection. CONCLUSIONS Total injected ice content determines both the volume of tissue treated by cryolipolysis and the cooling duration after slurry injection, while slurry temperature affects the cooling rate. Lipid saturation, which varies with diet and anatomic location, also has an important influence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiyun Ni
- Harvard-MIT Health Sciences and Technology (HST), Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - William A. Farinelli
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Leo L. Cheng
- Departments of Radiology and Pathology, Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Christian T. Farrar
- Departments of Radiology and Pathology, Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Anjan Motamarry
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sara Moradi Tuchayi
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ying Wang
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - R. Rox Anderson
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lilit Garibyan
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Dutkowski K, Kruzel M, Kaczmarek D, Nalepa B, Zajączkowski B, Valíček J, Harničárová M. Influence of the Physical State of Microencapsulated PCM on the Pressure Drop of Slurry in a Circular Channel. Materials (Basel) 2022; 15:6719. [PMID: 36234057 PMCID: PMC9570741 DOI: 10.3390/ma15196719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Phase Change Material (PCM) is mainly used in thermal energy storage. The addition of small PCM particles to the working fluid circulating in the heat exchange systems allowed to increase the amount of transported energy thanks to the use of latent heat-the heat of phase change. Encapsulating PCM in microcapsules avoids the disadvantages of PCM emulsions and makes the resulting slurry an attractive heat energy carrier. The paper presents the effect of the aggregate state of PCM enclosed in microcapsules on the flow resistance of the slurry through a rectilinear tubular channel. The tests were carried out with the use of a tube with an internal diameter of 4 mm and a measuring section length of 400 mm. A slurry of 21.5 wt.% PCM microcapsules (MPCM) was used as the working fluid in distilled water. A slurry with temperatures of 18.4 °C (PCM encapsulated in a solid state), 26.1 °C (PCM is in a phase change), and 30.5 °C (PCM in a liquid state) flowed through the measuring section. The mass flow rate of the MPCM slurry reached 70 kg/h (Remax = 2150). It was shown that the higher the Re number, the higher the value of the flow resistance, and the more clearly this value depended on the temperature of the slurry. Detailed analyses indicate that the observed changes were not the result of a change in the viscosity of the slurry, but its density depending on the state of the PCM. Significant changes in the density of the slurry in the range of the phase transition temperature are the result of significant changes in the volume of the microcapsule containing the phase change material in different aggregate states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof Dutkowski
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Koszalin University of Technology, ul. Raclawicka 15-17, 75-620 Koszalin, Poland
| | - Marcin Kruzel
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Koszalin University of Technology, ul. Raclawicka 15-17, 75-620 Koszalin, Poland
| | - Dominika Kaczmarek
- Department of Thermal Sciences, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Bartłomiej Nalepa
- Department of Thermal Sciences, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Bartosz Zajączkowski
- Department of Thermal Sciences, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Jan Valíček
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Technology, Institute of Technology and Business in České Budějovice, Okružní 10, 370 01 České Budějovice, Czech Republic or
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Automation and Informatics, Faculty of Engineering, Slovak, University of Agriculture in Nitra, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Marta Harničárová
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Technology, Institute of Technology and Business in České Budějovice, Okružní 10, 370 01 České Budějovice, Czech Republic or
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Automation and Informatics, Faculty of Engineering, Slovak, University of Agriculture in Nitra, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, Slovakia
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10
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Moradi Tuchayi S, Wang Y, Pence IJ, Fast A, Stemmer-Rachamimov A, Evans CL, Anderson RR, Garibyan L. Full Recovery after Multiple Treatments with Injectable Ice Slurry. J Pain Res 2022; 15:2905-2910. [PMID: 36132994 PMCID: PMC9482954 DOI: 10.2147/jpr.s373421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cryoneurolysis uses tissue cooling as an opioid-sparing, long-lasting treatment for peripheral nerve pain. A nerve-selective method for cryoneurolysis by local injection of ice-slurry was developed to allow cryoneurolysis to be performed with a standard needle and syringe, similar to peripheral nerve blocks. Since the treatment of patients with chronic pain may require repeated injections, we investigated the safety and tolerance of repeated treatments in a rat model. Methods Three repeated ice-slurry treatments, given 6 weeks apart were performed around the rat sciatic nerve. Nerve and surrounding tissues were collected up to 4 months after the third treatment for analysis. Coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) microscopy was used to study effects on myelin sheaths and axon structure. Immunofluorescence (IF) staining was used to study effects on axon density. Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) staining was used to examine histologic effects on sciatic nerve and surrounding tissue. Results Histologic and CARS image analysis of nerve tissue collected months after three injections demonstrated recovery of nerve structure, myelin organization and axon density to baseline levels, without any residual inflammation, scarring or neuroma formation. No inflammation or scarring was detected in surrounding skin and muscle tissues. Conclusion Repeated ice-slurry injections cause temporary, nerve-selective and reversible changes in the peripheral nerve. There was no histologic damage to surrounding skin and muscle tissues. Repeated treatments with injectable ice-slurry for cryoneurolysis appear to be safe and well tolerated. Clinical studies for patients with chronic pain are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Moradi Tuchayi
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ying Wang
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Isaac J Pence
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alex Fast
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Anat Stemmer-Rachamimov
- Massachusetts General Hospital and Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Conor L Evans
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - R Rox Anderson
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lilit Garibyan
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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11
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Guo G, Liu C, Tian F, Ding K, Wang H, Zhang C, Yang F, Xu J. Bioaugmentation treatment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon-polluted soil in a slurry bioreactor with a bacterial consortium and hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin. Environ Technol 2022; 43:3231-3238. [PMID: 33945429 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2021.1921042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to verify the effect of bioaugmentation by the bacterial consortium YS with hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HPCD) in a soil slurry. The bacterial consortium YS was enriched from a petroleum-polluted soil using pyrene as sole carbon resource. After 3 weeks, the degradation rate of phenanthrene in CK increased from 22.58% to 55.23 and 78.21% in bioaugmentation (B) and HPCD + bioaugmentation (MB) respectively. The degradation rate of pyrene in CK increased from 17.33% to 51.10% and 60.32% in B and MB respectively in the slurry. The augmented YS persisted in the slurry as monitored by 16S rRNA gene high-throughput sequencing and outcompeted some indigenous bacteria. Enhanced polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) degradation was observed in the addition of HPCD due to the enhanced bioavailability of phenanthrene and pyrene. Additionally, the amount of PAH-degrading bacteria and enzymatic activity in bioaugmentation with HPCD were higher than that in the CK group. The results indicated that bioaugmentation with a bacterial consortium and HPCD is an environmentally friendly method for the bioremediation of PAH-polluted soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang Guo
- College of Environmental Engineering, Nanjing Institute of Technology, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Chong Liu
- Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Fang Tian
- College of Environmental Engineering, Nanjing Institute of Technology, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Keqiang Ding
- College of Environmental Engineering, Nanjing Institute of Technology, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Huiya Wang
- College of Environmental Engineering, Nanjing Institute of Technology, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Can Zhang
- Center for Disease Prevention and Control of Chinese PLA, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Yang
- College of Environmental Engineering, Nanjing Institute of Technology, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin Xu
- College of Environmental Engineering, Nanjing Institute of Technology, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
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12
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Drozd KV, Manin AN, Boycov DE, Perlovich GL. Simultaneous Improvement of Dissolution Behavior and Oral Bioavailability of Antifungal Miconazole via Cocrystal and Salt Formation. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:1107. [PMID: 35631693 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14051107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Miconazole shows low oral bioavailability in humans due to poor aqueous solubility, although it has demonstrated various pharmacological activities such as antifungal, anti-tubercular and anti-tumor effects. Cocrystal/salt formation is one of the effective methods for solving this problem. In this study, different methods (liquid-assisted grinding, slurrying and lyophilization) were used to investigate their impact on the formation of the miconazole multicomponent crystals with succinic, maleic and dl-tartaric acids. The solid state of the prepared powder was characterized by differential scanning calorimetry, powder X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. It was found that lyophilization not only promotes partial amorphization of both salts but also allows obtaining a new polymorph of the miconazole salt with dl-tartaric acid. The lyophilized salts compared with the same samples prepared by two other methods showed better dissolution rates but low stability during the studies due to rapid recrystallization. Overall, it was determined that the preparation method of multicomponent crystals affects the solid-state characteristics and miconazole physicochemical properties significantly. The in vivo studies revealed that the miconazole multicomponent crystals indicated the higher peak blood concentration and area under the curve from 0 to 32 h values 2.4-, 2.9- and 4.6-fold higher than the pure drug. Therefore, this study demonstrated that multicomponent crystals are promising formulations for enhancing the oral bioavailability of poorly soluble compounds.
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Lee H, Kim H, Jeong H. Approaches to Sustainability in Chemical Mechanical Polishing (CMP): A Review. Int. J. of Precis. Eng. and Manuf.-Green Tech. 2022; 9:349-367. [PMCID: PMC8617369 DOI: 10.1007/s40684-021-00406-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) is an essential planarization process for semiconductor manufacturing. The application of CMP has been increasing in semiconductor fabrication for highly integrated devices. Recently, environmental burden caused by the CMP process was assessed because of interest in the global environment. In this study, the previously reported impacts of CMP on the environment and studies conducted on developing various methods to reduce environmental burden are reviewed. In addition to analyzing the impacts of CMP, this paper introduces a method for treating CMP wastewater and improving the material removal efficiency through the improvement of CMP consumables. Finally, the authors review research on hybridization of the CMP process and discuss the direction in which CMP technology will progress to improve sustainability in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunseop Lee
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Dong-A University, 37 Nakdong-daero 550beon-gil, Saha-gu, Busan, 49315 Republic of Korea
| | - Hyoungjae Kim
- Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, 42-7 Baehyang-daero 804beon-gil, Sasang-gu, Busan, 46938 Republic of Korea
| | - Haedo Jeong
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Pusan National University, 2 Busandaehak-ro 63beon-gil, Geumjeong-gu, Busan, 46241 Republic of Korea
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14
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Abstract
We report the effects of component ratios and mixing time on electrode slurry viscosity. Three component quantities were varied: active material (graphite), conductive material (carbon black), and polymer binder (carboxymethyl cellulose, CMC). The slurries demonstrated shear-thinning behavior, and suspension properties stabilized after a relatively short mixing duration. However, micrographs of the slurries suggested their internal structures did not stabilize after the same mixing time. Increasing the content of polymer binder CMC caused the greatest viscosity increase compared to that of carbon black and graphite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Cushing
- Energy Storage and Distributed Resources Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; (A.C.); (T.Z.); (K.H.)
- Materials Engineering, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, CA 93410, USA
| | - Tianyue Zheng
- Energy Storage and Distributed Resources Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; (A.C.); (T.Z.); (K.H.)
| | - Kenneth Higa
- Energy Storage and Distributed Resources Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; (A.C.); (T.Z.); (K.H.)
| | - Gao Liu
- Energy Storage and Distributed Resources Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; (A.C.); (T.Z.); (K.H.)
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15
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Liu C, Wang M, Zhang J, Qian Y, Xiao K, Wang R, Dong W, Pan T. [A polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon degrading strain and its potential of degrading phenanthrene in various enhanced systems]. Sheng Wu Gong Cheng Xue Bao 2021; 37:3696-3707. [PMID: 34708621 DOI: 10.13345/j.cjb.210212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are a class of common environmental pollutants that pose threats to human health. In this study, a mesophilic bacterial strain CFP312 (grown at 15-37 °C, optimal at 30 °C) was isolated from PAHs-contaminated soil samples. It was identified as Moraxella sp. by morphological observation, physiological and biochemical test, and 16S rRNA gene phylogeny analysis. This is the first reported PAHs degrading strains in Moraxella. Degradation analysis showed that 84% and 90% of the loaded phenanthrene (400 mg/L) were degraded within 48 h and 60 h, and the degradation rates reached 1.21 and 1.29 mg/(L·h), respectively. During the degradation of phenanthrene, phenanthrene-3,4-dihydrodiol was detected as an intermediate. Based on this, it was proposed that double oxygenation at the positions 3 and 4 of phenanthrene was the first step of biodegradation. Adaptability of strain CFP312 to different enhanced phenanthrene-degradation systems was tested in aqueous-organic system, micellar aqueous system, and cloud point system. Strain CFP312 showed good adaptability to different systems. In addition, the bacterium can rapidly degrade the phenanthrene in contaminated soil in slurry-aqueous system, indicating great potential in environmental remediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Congyang Liu
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Mining and Metallurgy Environmental Pollution Control, School of Resource and Environmental Engineering, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou 341000, Jiangxi, China
| | - Meini Wang
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Mining and Metallurgy Environmental Pollution Control, School of Resource and Environmental Engineering, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou 341000, Jiangxi, China
| | - Jiameng Zhang
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Mining and Metallurgy Environmental Pollution Control, School of Resource and Environmental Engineering, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou 341000, Jiangxi, China
| | - Youfen Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangzhou 510070, Guangdong, China
| | - Kun Xiao
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Mining and Metallurgy Environmental Pollution Control, School of Resource and Environmental Engineering, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou 341000, Jiangxi, China
| | - Rennü Wang
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Mining and Metallurgy Environmental Pollution Control, School of Resource and Environmental Engineering, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou 341000, Jiangxi, China
| | - Wei Dong
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Mining and Metallurgy Environmental Pollution Control, School of Resource and Environmental Engineering, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou 341000, Jiangxi, China
| | - Tao Pan
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Mining and Metallurgy Environmental Pollution Control, School of Resource and Environmental Engineering, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou 341000, Jiangxi, China.,State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangzhou 510070, Guangdong, China
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16
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Erhard P, Angenoorth J, Vogt J, Spiegel J, Ettemeyer F, Volk W, Günther D. Characterization of Slurry-Cast Layer Compounds for 3D Printing of High Strength Casting Cores. Materials (Basel) 2021; 14:ma14206149. [PMID: 34683742 PMCID: PMC8539653 DOI: 10.3390/ma14206149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Additive manufacturing of casting cores and molds is state of the art in industrial application today. However, improving the properties of chemically bonded casting cores regarding temperature stability, bending strength, and surface quality is still a major challenge. The process of slurry-based 3D printing allows the fabrication of dense structures and therefore sinterable casting cores. This paper presents a study of the slurry-based fabrication of ceramic layer compounds focusing on the drying process and the achievable properties in slurry-based 3D printing of casting cores. This study aims at contributing to a better understanding of the interrelations between the drying conditions in the 3D printing process and the properties of sintered specimens relating thereto. The drying intensity influenced by an IR heater as well as the drying periods are varied for layer thicknesses of 50, 75, and 100 µm. Within this study, a process window applicable for 3D printing of sinterable casting cores is identified and further indications are given for optimization potentials. At layer heights of 75 µm, bending strengths between ~8 and 11 MPa as well as densities of around 50% of the theoretical density were achieved. Since the mean roughness depth Rz is determined to be <30 µm in plane, an application of slurry-based 3D printing in investment casting is conceivable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Erhard
- Fraunhofer Institute for Casting, Composite and Processing Technology IGCV, Lichtenbergstr. 15, 85748 Garching, Germany; (J.S.); (F.E.); (W.V.); (D.G.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-89-350-946-125
| | - Jan Angenoorth
- Chair of Metal Forming and Casting, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Walther-Meissner-Str. 4, 85748 Garching, Germany;
| | - Joachim Vogt
- Center for High-Temperature Materials and Design HTL/Fraunhofer Institute for Silicate Research ISC, Gottlieb-Keim-Str. 62, 95448 Bayreuth, Germany;
| | - Johannes Spiegel
- Fraunhofer Institute for Casting, Composite and Processing Technology IGCV, Lichtenbergstr. 15, 85748 Garching, Germany; (J.S.); (F.E.); (W.V.); (D.G.)
| | - Florian Ettemeyer
- Fraunhofer Institute for Casting, Composite and Processing Technology IGCV, Lichtenbergstr. 15, 85748 Garching, Germany; (J.S.); (F.E.); (W.V.); (D.G.)
| | - Wolfram Volk
- Fraunhofer Institute for Casting, Composite and Processing Technology IGCV, Lichtenbergstr. 15, 85748 Garching, Germany; (J.S.); (F.E.); (W.V.); (D.G.)
- Chair of Metal Forming and Casting, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Walther-Meissner-Str. 4, 85748 Garching, Germany;
| | - Daniel Günther
- Fraunhofer Institute for Casting, Composite and Processing Technology IGCV, Lichtenbergstr. 15, 85748 Garching, Germany; (J.S.); (F.E.); (W.V.); (D.G.)
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17
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Jamoteau F, Balesdent J, Basile-Doeslch I, Tillard E, Versini A. Can stable isotopes quantify soil carbon build-up from organic fertilizers? Isotopes Environ Health Stud 2021; 57:470-491. [PMID: 34314268 DOI: 10.1080/10256016.2021.1946532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The application of organic fertilizers (OF) can supply carbon (C) to the soil in crop fields. OF-derived C (OF-C) is often estimated using the differential method that can be biased due to indirect effects of OF on soil C. This study tested three methods to quantify OF-C: (i) the widespread differential method, (ii) the synchronic isotope method comparing plots with and without OF and (iii) the asynchronic isotope method mimicking a trial without a control plot. These methods were implemented on an Arenosol and an Andosol supplied during 13 years with slurry or compost. The results highlighted the relevance of using the synchronic isotope method, which focuses on the direct effect of OFs on the soil organic matter (without bias of vegetation change) and considers control soil's evolution. The higher the isotopic difference between soil and OF, the shorter the method implementation time needed: for an initial difference of 7.5 ‰ and 3.5 ‰, quantification is suitable after 4 and 9 years of fertilization respectively. Attention should be paid to OF-δ13C variability to guarantee the method validity. The method proved to be suitable to study the factors controlling the OF-C fate in tropical soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Floriane Jamoteau
- CIRAD, Internal Research Unit (UPR) Recycling and Risk, Station de La Bretagne, Réunion, France
- Internal Research Unit (UPR) Recycling and Risk, Université de Montpellier, CIRAD, Montpellier, France
- Aix Marseille University, CNRS, IRD, INRAE, CEREGE, Aix-en-Provence, France
| | - Jérôme Balesdent
- Aix Marseille University, CNRS, IRD, INRAE, CEREGE, Aix-en-Provence, France
| | | | - Emmanuel Tillard
- CIRAD, Joint Research Unit (UMR) Mediterranean and Tropical Livestock Systems, Réunion, France
- Joint Research Unit (UMR) Mediterranean and Tropical Livestock Systems, Université de Montpellier, CIRAD, Montpellier, France
| | - Antoine Versini
- CIRAD, Internal Research Unit (UPR) Recycling and Risk, Station de La Bretagne, Réunion, France
- Internal Research Unit (UPR) Recycling and Risk, Université de Montpellier, CIRAD, Montpellier, France
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18
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Shintani R, Oh S, Suzuki Y, Koike S, Kobayashi Y. Addition of ginkgo fruit to cattle feces and slurry suppresses methane production by altering the microbial community structure. Anim Sci J 2021; 92:e13620. [PMID: 34402134 DOI: 10.1111/asj.13620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 06/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The effect of ginkgo fruit addition on methane production potential of cattle feces and slurry was assessed in relation to other fermentation products and the microbial community. Holstein cattle fresh feces and slurry were left at 30°C for 0, 30, 60, 90, and 180 days with/without ginkgo fruit to monitor the effect on fermentation potential. With the addition of ginkgo fruit, methane production potential of feces was reduced on Day 30 and thereafter, and that of slurry was consistently reduced over the experimental period. As a general trend, ginkgo fruit addition resulted in decreased acetate and increased propionate in feces and acetate accumulation in slurry. With ginkgo fruit addition, MiSeq analyses indicated decreases in methanogen (in particular Methanocorpusculum), Ruminococcaceae, and Clostridiaceae populations and increases in Bacteroidaceae and Porphyromonadaceae populations, which essentially agreed with quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) assay results. These data indicate that direct addition of ginkgo fruit to cattle excreta is useful for reducing methane emissions by altering the microbial community structure. The application of ginkgo fruit to lower methane emissions from cattle excreta is, therefore, useful in cases in which the excreta is left without special management for a long period of time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Risa Shintani
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Seongjin Oh
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yutaka Suzuki
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Koike
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yasuo Kobayashi
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
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19
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Xiong J, Dupré N, Mazouzi D, Guyomard D, Roué L, Lestriez B. Influence of the Polyacrylic Acid Binder Neutralization Degree on the Initial Electrochemical Behavior of a Silicon/Graphite Electrode. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2021; 13:28304-28323. [PMID: 34101424 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c06683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The role of the physicochemical properties of the water-soluble polyacrylic acid (PAA) binder in the electrochemical performance of highly loaded silicon/graphite 50/50 wt % negative electrodes has been examined as a function of the neutralization degree x in PAAH1-xLix at the initial cycle in an electrolyte not containing ethylene carbonate. Electrode processing in the acidic PAAH binder at pH 2.5 leads to a deep copper corrosion, resulting in a significant electrode cohesion and adhesion to the current collector surface, but the strong binder rigidity may explain the big cracks occurring on the electrode surface at the first cycle. The nonuniform binder coating on the material surface leads to an important degradation of the electrolyte, explaining the lowest initial Coulombic efficiency and the lowest reversible capacity among the studied electrodes. When processed in neutral pH, the PAAH0.22Li0.78 binder forms a conformal artificial solid electrolyte interphase layer on the material surface, which minimizes the electrolyte reduction at the first cycle and then maximizes the initial Coulombic efficiency. However, the low mechanical resistance of the electrode and its strong cracking explain its low reversible capacity. Electrodes prepared at intermediate pH 4 combine the positive assets of electrodes prepared at acidic and neutral pH. They lead to the best initial performance with a notable areal capacity of 7.2 mA h cm-2 and the highest initial Coulombic efficiency of around 90%, a value much larger than the usual range reported for silicon/graphite anodes. All data obtained with complementary characterization techniques were discussed as a function of the PAA polymeric chain molecular conformation, microstructure, and surface adsorption or grafting, emphasizing the tremendous role of the binder in the electrode initial performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhan Xiong
- Université de Nantes, CNRS, Institut des Matériaux Jean Rouxel, IMN, Nantes F-44000, France
| | - Nicolas Dupré
- Université de Nantes, CNRS, Institut des Matériaux Jean Rouxel, IMN, Nantes F-44000, France
| | - Driss Mazouzi
- Materials, Natural Substances, Environment and Modeling Laboratory, Multidisciplinary Faculty of Taza, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, B.P. 1223 Taza-Gare, Fes 30000, Morocco
| | - Dominique Guyomard
- Université de Nantes, CNRS, Institut des Matériaux Jean Rouxel, IMN, Nantes F-44000, France
| | - Lionel Roué
- Centre Énergie, Matériaux, Télécommunications (EMT), Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS), 1650, Boulevard Lionel Boulet, Varennes, Quebec J3X 1S2, Canada
| | - Bernard Lestriez
- Université de Nantes, CNRS, Institut des Matériaux Jean Rouxel, IMN, Nantes F-44000, France
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20
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Filarsky F, Wieser J, Schultz HJ. Rapid Gas Hydrate Formation-Evaluation of Three Reactor Concepts and Feasibility Study. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26123615. [PMID: 34204768 PMCID: PMC8231492 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26123615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Gas hydrates show great potential with regard to various technical applications, such as gas conditioning, separation and storage. Hence, there has been an increased interest in applied gas hydrate research worldwide in recent years. This paper describes the development of an energetically promising, highly attractive rapid gas hydrate production process that enables the instantaneous conditioning and storage of gases in the form of solid hydrates, as an alternative to costly established processes, such as, for example, cryogenic demethanization. In the first step of the investigations, three different reactor concepts for rapid hydrate formation were evaluated. It could be shown that coupled spraying with stirring provided the fastest hydrate formation and highest gas uptakes in the hydrate phase. In the second step, extensive experimental series were executed, using various different gas compositions on the example of synthetic natural gas mixtures containing methane, ethane and propane. Methane is eliminated from the gas phase and stored in gas hydrates. The experiments were conducted under moderate conditions (8 bar(g), 9–14 °C), using tetrahydrofuran as a thermodynamic promoter in a stoichiometric concentration of 5.56 mole%. High storage capacities, formation rates and separation efficiencies were achieved at moderate operation conditions supported by rough economic considerations, successfully showing the feasibility of this innovative concept. An adapted McCabe-Thiele diagram was created to approximately determine the necessary theoretical separation stage numbers for high purity gas separation requirements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Filarsky
- Faculty of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering, University of Applied Sciences Niederrhein, Adlerstr. 32, 47798 Krefeld, Germany; (F.F.); (J.W.)
- Institute for Coatings and Surface Chemistry (ILOC), Adlerstr. 32, 47798 Krefeld, Germany
| | - Julian Wieser
- Faculty of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering, University of Applied Sciences Niederrhein, Adlerstr. 32, 47798 Krefeld, Germany; (F.F.); (J.W.)
| | - Heyko Juergen Schultz
- Faculty of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering, University of Applied Sciences Niederrhein, Adlerstr. 32, 47798 Krefeld, Germany; (F.F.); (J.W.)
- Institute for Coatings and Surface Chemistry (ILOC), Adlerstr. 32, 47798 Krefeld, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-2151-822-4106
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21
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Schmitz A, Pertusa M, Le Bouquin S, Rousset N, Ogor K, LeBras MO, Martenot C, Daniel P, Belen Cepeda Hontecillas A, Scoizec A, Morin H, Massin P, Grasland B, Niqueux E, Eterradossi N. Natural and Experimental Persistence of Highly Pathogenic H5 Influenza Viruses in Slurry of Domestic Ducks, with or without Lime Treatment. Appl Environ Microbiol 2020; 86:e02288-20. [PMID: 33008818 DOI: 10.1128/AEM.02288-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
From November 2015 to July 2017, two successive episodes of H5 highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses (HP AIVs) infections occurred on poultry farms in France, mostly in domestic ducks raised for foie gras production in southwestern France. During the two epizootics, epidemiological investigations were carried out on infected farms and control and biosafety measures were implemented in association with surveillance in order to stop the spread of the viruses. Effluents are known to be an important factor in environmental dissemination of viruses, and suitable effluent management is needed to help prevent the spread of epizootics to other farms or pathogen persistence at the farm level. The present study was therefore designed to assess how long infectious A/H5 HP AIVs can persist in naturally or experimentally contaminated fecal slurry samples from ducks, with or without sanitization by lime treatment. Infections by A/H5 and A/H7 avian influenza viruses (AIVs) can cause acute disease and are therefore notifiable in poultry and wild birds. During winter 2015-2016, several cases of infection caused by highly pathogenic (HP) AIVs belonging to the A/H5N1, A/H5N2, and A/H5N9 subtypes were detected in southwestern France. Throughout winter 2016-2017, several cases of infections caused mainly by A/H5N8 HP AIV (A/goose/GD/1/1996, clade 2.3.4.4) were detected across Europe. On both occasions, the viruses were widely detected on palmiped farms in France. This study was designed to evaluate the persistence of A/H5 HP AIV in slurry from various duck productions. This was achieved (i) in the laboratory setting by artificially spiking four AIV-free slurry samples with known amounts of A/H5N9 HP AIV and monitoring virus infectivity, with or without lime treatment to achieve pH 10 or pH 12, and (ii) by sampling slurry tanks on five naturally A/H5N8 HP-contaminated farms. Experimental results in artificially spiked slurry suggested virus survival for 4 weeks in slurry from Muscovy or Pekin duck breeders and for 2 weeks in slurry from ducks for foie gras production during the assisted-feeding period, without lime treatment. Persistence of infectious A/H5N9 HP AIV in all slurry samples after lime treatment at pH 10 or pH 12 was less than 1 week. The A/H5N8 HP AIV persisted in naturally contaminated untreated slurry for 7 weeks. The results obtained provide experimental support for the 60-day storage period without treatment or the 7-day interval after lime treatment defined in French regulations for slurry sanitization. IMPORTANCE From November 2015 to July 2017, two successive episodes of H5 highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses (HP AIVs) infections occurred on poultry farms in France, mostly in domestic ducks raised for foie gras production in southwestern France. During the two epizootics, epidemiological investigations were carried out on infected farms and control and biosafety measures were implemented in association with surveillance in order to stop the spread of the viruses. Effluents are known to be an important factor in environmental dissemination of viruses, and suitable effluent management is needed to help prevent the spread of epizootics to other farms or pathogen persistence at the farm level. The present study was therefore designed to assess how long infectious A/H5 HP AIVs can persist in naturally or experimentally contaminated fecal slurry samples from ducks, with or without sanitization by lime treatment.
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Muhandes H, Kalácska Á, Székely L, Keresztes R, Kalácska G. Abrasive Sensitivity of Engineering Polymers and a Bio-Composite under Different Abrasive Conditions. Materials (Basel) 2020; 13:ma13225239. [PMID: 33228186 PMCID: PMC7699501 DOI: 10.3390/ma13225239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Two different test systems were designed to evaluate the tribological behavior of five engineering plastics (Polyamide-PA grades and Ultra High Molecular Weight Polyethylene-UHMW-PE) and a fully degradable bio-composite (Polylactic Acid-PLA/hemp fibers) targeted to agricultural machinery abrasive conditions. Pin-on-plate tests were performed with different loads, sliding velocity and abrasive particles. The material response was further investigated in a slurry containing abrasive test system with different sliding velocities and distances, abrasive media compositions and impact angles. The abrasive wear, the change of the 3D surface roughness parameters, the friction force and contact temperature evolution were also analyzed as a function of the materials' mechanical properties (H,E,σy,σc,εB,σF,σM) and the dimensionless numbers derived from them. Using the IBM SPSS 25 software, multiple linear regression models were used to statistically evaluate the measured data and to examine the sensitivity of the material properties and test system characteristics on the tribological behavior. For both test setups, the system and material characteristics influencing the dependent variables (wear, friction, heat generation) and the dimensionless numbers formed from the material properties were ranked using standardized regression coefficients derived from the regression models. The abrasion sensitivity of the tested materials were evaluated taking into account a wide range of influencing parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasan Muhandes
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Institute for Mechanical Engineering Technology, Szent István University, 2100 Gödöllő, Hungary; (H.M.); (R.K.)
| | - Ádám Kalácska
- Soete Laboratory, Department of Electromechanical, Systems and Metal Engineering, University of Ghent, 9000 Ghent, Belgium;
| | - László Székely
- Institute of Mathematics and Basic Science, Szent István University, 2100 Gödöllő, Hungary;
| | - Róbert Keresztes
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Institute for Mechanical Engineering Technology, Szent István University, 2100 Gödöllő, Hungary; (H.M.); (R.K.)
| | - Gábor Kalácska
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Institute for Mechanical Engineering Technology, Szent István University, 2100 Gödöllő, Hungary; (H.M.); (R.K.)
- Correspondence:
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Zhankui W, Minghua P, Mingchao L, Jianguo Y, Lijie M, Jianxiu S. The effect of slurries on lapping performance of fixed abrasive pad for Si 3N 4 ceramics. Sci Prog 2020; 103:36850420982451. [PMID: 33356917 PMCID: PMC10450894 DOI: 10.1177/0036850420982451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, a series of experiments were carried out to explore the effect of slurry pH on materials removal rate (MRR) and surface quality in lapping of Si3N4 ceramics wafers with fixed abrasive pad (FAP) using different slurries with different pH. Then, the scanning electron microscope was employed to detect the microtopography and abrade smooth of FAP for exploring the effect of slurries pH on self-conditioning of pad. Experimental results demonstrated that the roughness of wafers increase with the increasing of slurry pH value. The surface of wafers is the best when the pH = 1 and the worst When the pH = 13. The MRR decreases firstly and then decreases with the increasing of the pH. The MRR reaches the lowest when slurry pH = 7, and reaches the highest when slurry pH = 13. These results further suggest that the soften layer of SiO2 could be formed due to the reactions between water and materials on wafer surface, which facilitates increasing material remove rate and improving the surface quality. The hydrogen ion and triethanolamine in slurry could react with the copper in fixed abrasive pad, which also could enhance the materials remove rate and affect the surface quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang Zhankui
- Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, China
- Henan university of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Pang Minghua
- Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, China
| | - Liang Mingchao
- Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, China
| | - Yao Jianguo
- Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, China
- Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China
| | - Ma Lijie
- Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, China
| | - Su Jianxiu
- Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, China
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Chen JL, Xiao P, Zhang DX, Chen GJ, Sun CY, Ma QL, Yang MK, Zou EB. Adsorption-Hydration Sequence Method for Methane Storage in Porous Material Slurry. Front Chem 2020; 8:294. [PMID: 32373589 PMCID: PMC7186503 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.00294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Porous materials are deemed to be capable for promoting hydrate formation, while for the purpose of hydrate-based gas storage, those systems containing porous materials often cannot meet the requirement of high storage density. To increase the storage density, an adsorption-hydration sequence method was designed and systematically examined in this study. Methane storage and release in ZIF-8 slurries and fixed beds were investigated. The ZIF-8 retained 98.62%, while the activated carbon lost 62.17% of their adsorption capacities in slurry. In ZIF-8 fixed beds, methane storage density of 127.41 V/Vbed was acquired, while the gas loss during depressurization accounted for 21.50% of the gas uptake. In the ZIF-8 slurry, the storage density was effectively increased with the adsorption-hydration sequence method, and the gas loss during depressurization was much smaller than that in fixed beds. In the slurry, the gas uptake and gas loss decreased with the decrease of the chilling temperature. The largest gas uptake and storage density of 78.84 mmol and 133.59 V/Vbed were acquired in the slurry with ZIF-8 content of 40 wt.% at 268.15 K, meanwhile, the gas loss just accounted for 14.04% of the gas uptake. Self-preservation effect was observed in the slurry, and the temperature for the slowest gas release was found to be 263.15 K, while the release ratio at 10 h reached to 43.42%. By increasing the back pressure, the gas release rate could be effectively controlled. The gas release ratio at 1.1 MPa at 10 h was just 11.08%. The results showed that the application of adsorption-hydration sequence method in ZIF-8 slurry is a prospective manner for gas transportation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Li Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum, Beijing, China
| | - De-Xin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum, Beijing, China
| | - Guang-Jin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum, Beijing, China
| | - Chang-Yu Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum, Beijing, China
| | - Qing-Lan Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum, Beijing, China
| | - Ming-Ke Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum, Beijing, China
| | - En-Bao Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum, Beijing, China
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Overmeyer V, Holtkamp F, Clemens J, Büscher W, Trimborn M. Dynamics of Different Buffer Systems in Slurries Based on Time and Temperature of Storage and Their Visualization by a New Mathematical Tool. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10040724. [PMID: 32326372 PMCID: PMC7222843 DOI: 10.3390/ani10040724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Efficient slurry management is a key strategy to reduce the release of environmentally harmful gases produced by farm animals. Slurry treatments such as acidification and alkalization have proven to be promising solutions to reduce these emissions. In this context, it is crucial to understand how buffer capacities behave and may influence each other during storage under the influence of different temperatures. To realize this, we have developed and successfully verified a new mathematical tool. It allows an exact calculation and detailed visualization of the most important buffer systems found in the analyzed slurries. This knowledge can be used to optimize slurry treatments, as it allows faster, more precise and efficient timing of pH adjustment, thus, reducing the use of resources. Abstract Slurry treatments such as acidification and alkalization have proven to be promising solutions to reduce gaseous emission produced by farm animals. The optimization of these technologies requires detailed knowledge of how and to what extent the buffer capacities in slurries will change during storage under the influence of different temperatures, as this may save resources needed to adjust a targeted pH value. Fresh slurries from dairy cows, fattening pigs and sows were collected and stored for 12 weeks under either cold (4.7 ± 1.1 °C) or warm (23.6 ± 2.1 °C) conditions to perform titrations in acidic and alkaline milieu at regular intervals. Based on these results, we successfully verified a new mathematical tool that we have developed to be able to calculate and visualize the most important buffer systems found in the analyzed slurries. Our experimental results showed a strong correlation between the degradation of the volatile fatty acid (VFA) buffer and the emergence of the carbonate buffers, i.e., the HCO3− and the CO32− buffer. Furthermore, a drop in the pH value caused by enhanced microbial production of VFAs can be mitigated by the presence of the NH3 buffer. In conclusion, we demonstrated that the buffers cannot be considered individually but must be interpreted as a complex and interacting system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Overmeyer
- Institute of Agricultural Engineering, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany; (W.B.); (M.T.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-228-73-2837
| | - Felix Holtkamp
- Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany;
| | | | - Wolfgang Büscher
- Institute of Agricultural Engineering, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany; (W.B.); (M.T.)
| | - Manfred Trimborn
- Institute of Agricultural Engineering, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany; (W.B.); (M.T.)
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Nguyen QH, Than TTT, Le ND, Le PD, Fievez V. Effect of increasing inclusion rates of tofu by-product in diets of growing pigs on nitrogen balance and ammonia emission from manure. Animal 2020; 14:1167-75. [PMID: 31907083 DOI: 10.1017/S1751731119003070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
To reduce competition with human-edible feed resources, it is of interest to incorporate by-products from the food industry in animal feeds. The current research investigated the effect of including increasing amounts of tofu by-product (TF) in practical pig diets on animal performance, nitrogen balance and ammonia emissions from manure. Two experiments were conducted including a control diet without TF, containing 160 g/kg dietary non-starch polysaccharides (NSPs) and three diets including 122, 246 and 360 g TF/kg DM (TF122, TF246 and TF360, respectively) to reach 220, 280 and 360 g/kg NSP. All diets had the same level of CP and protein digestible in the small intestine which particularly was realized by replacing rice bran with TF. Animal performance was assessed in a first experiment with 40 growing barrows with initial BW of 26.6 ± 1.80 kg (M ± SD) being allocated to the 4 treatments, during 2 growth phases (i.e. until 50 kg BW and from 50 to 80 kg BW). In the growth phase until 50 kg, feed intake and average daily gain (ADG) were linearly reduced by dietary TF inclusion, while this negative impact disappeared during the second growth phase (50 to 80 kg BW). Tofu by-product inclusion even positively affected the feed conversion ratio during this second growth phase (3.4 to 2.7 kg feed/kg ADG for 0 to 360 g/kg dietary TF). Over the entire growth period, performance and feed intake were negatively affected at the highest dietary TF level. Experiment 2 was conducted to assess digestibility, nitrogen balance and ammonia emission from manure. For this purpose, 16 pigs with BW of 62.8 ± 3.6 kg (M ± SD) were assigned to either 1 of the 4 treatments. There was no difference in total tract apparent digestibility of dietary organic matter or CP, while NDF digestibility increased with increasing TF level, suggesting increasing importance of the hindgut fermentation when digesting diets with increasing TF levels. Nevertheless, this was not reflected in increasing levels of faecal volatile fatty acids or purines, nor in reduced manure pH. As a result, ammonia emission from slurry was not reduced through dietary TF inclusion, despite the linear decrease in urinary nitrogen. In conclusion, TF can be included in pigs' diets up to an inclusion rate of 25% without risk of impaired animal performance; however, this dietary strategy fails to mitigate ammonia emission from slurry.
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Vannucci J, Bellezza G, Matricardi A, Moretti G, Bufalari A, Cagini L, Puma F, Daddi N. Observational analysis on inflammatory reaction to talc pleurodesis: Small and large animal model series review. Exp Ther Med 2017; 15:733-738. [PMID: 29403549 PMCID: PMC5780742 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2017.5454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2017] [Accepted: 09/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Talc pleurodesis has been associated with pleuropulmonary damage, particularly long-term damage due to its inert nature. The present model series review aimed to assess the safety of this procedure by examining inflammatory stimulus, biocompatibility and tissue reaction following talc pleurodesis. Talc slurry was performed in rabbits: 200 mg/kg checked at postoperative day 14 (five models), 200 mg/kg checked at postoperative day 28 (five models), 40 mg/kg, checked at postoperative day 14 (five models), 40 mg/kg checked at postoperative day 28 (five models). Talc poudrage was performed in pigs: 55 mg/kg checked at postoperative day 60 (18 models). Tissue inspection and data collection followed the surgical pathology approach currently used in clinical practice. As this was an observational study, no statistical analysis was performed. Regarding the rabbit model (Oryctolagus cunicoli), the extent of adhesions ranged between 0 and 30%, and between 0 and 10% following 14 and 28 days, respectively. No intraparenchymal granuloma was observed whereas, pleural granulomas were extensively encountered following both talc dosages, with more evidence of visceral pleura granulomas following 200 mg/kg compared with 40 mg/kg. Severe florid inflammation was observed in 2/10 cases following 40 mg/kg. Parathymic, pericardium granulomas and mediastinal lymphadenopathy were evidenced at 28 days. At 60 days, from rare adhesions to extended pleurodesis were observed in the pig model (Sus Scrofa domesticus). Pleural granulomas were ubiquitous on visceral and parietal pleurae. Severe spotted inflammation among the adhesions were recorded in 15/18 pigs. Intraparenchymal granulomas were observed in 9/18 lungs. Talc produced unpredictable pleurodesis in both animal models with enduring pleural inflammation whether it was performed via slurry or poudrage. Furthermore, talc appeared to have triggered extended pleural damage, intraparenchymal nodules (porcine poudrage) and mediastinal migration (rabbit slurry).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacopo Vannucci
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, University of Perugia Medical School, I-06134 Perugia, Italy
| | - Guido Bellezza
- Institute of Pathological Anatomy and Histology, University of Perugia Medical School, I-06134 Perugia, Italy
| | - Alberto Matricardi
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, University of Perugia Medical School, I-06134 Perugia, Italy
| | - Giulia Moretti
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, I-06134 Perugia, Italy
| | - Antonello Bufalari
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, I-06134 Perugia, Italy
| | - Lucio Cagini
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, University of Perugia Medical School, I-06134 Perugia, Italy
| | - Francesco Puma
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, University of Perugia Medical School, I-06134 Perugia, Italy
| | - Niccolò Daddi
- Thoracic Surgery, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, I-40126 Bologna, Italy
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Klitgaard K, Strube ML, Isbrand A, Jensen TK, Nielsen MW. Microbiota Analysis of an Environmental Slurry and Its Potential Role as a Reservoir of Bovine Digital Dermatitis Pathogens. Appl Environ Microbiol 2017; 83:e00244-17. [PMID: 28363959 DOI: 10.1128/AEM.00244-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2017] [Accepted: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
At present, very little information exists regarding what role the environmental slurry may play as an infection reservoir and/or route of transmission for bovine digital dermatitis (DD), a disease which is a global problem in dairy herds. To investigate whether DD-related bacteria belong to the indigenous microbiota of the dairy herd environment, we used deep amplicon sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene in 135 slurry samples collected from different sites in 22 dairy farms, with and without DD-infected cows. Both the general bacterial populations and digital dermatitis-associated Treponema were targeted in this study. The results revealed significant differences in the bacterial communities between the herds, with only 12 bacterial taxa shared across at least 80% of all the individual samples. These differences in the herd microbiota appeared to reflect mainly between-herd variation. Not surprisingly, the slurry was dominated by ubiquitous gastrointestinal bacteria, such as Ruminococcaceae and Lachnospiraceae Despite the low relative abundance of spirochetes, which ranged from 0 to 0.6%, we were able to detect small amounts of bacterial DNA from DD-associated treponemes in the slurry. However, the DD-associated Treponema spp. were detected only in samples from herds with reported DD problems. These data indicate that treponemes involved in the pathogenesis of DD are not part of the normal environmental microflora in dairy herds without clinical DD and, consequently, that slurry is not a primary reservoir of infection.IMPORTANCE Bovine digital dermatitis (DD), a dermal disease which causes lameness in dairy cattle, is a serious problem worldwide. To control this disease, the infection reservoirs and transmission routes of DD pathogens need to be clarified. The dairy herd slurry may be a pathogen reservoir of DD-associated bacteria. The rationale for the present study was, therefore, to examine whether DD-associated bacteria are always present in slurry or if they are found only in DD-afflicted herds. The results strongly indicated that DD Treponema spp. are not part of the indigenous slurry and, therefore, do not comprise an infection reservoir in healthy herds. This study applied next-generation sequencing technology to decipher the microbial compositions of environmental slurry of dairy herds with and without digital dermatitis.
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Özkul S, Turna A, Demirkaya A, Aksoy B, Kaynak K. Rapid pleurodesis is an outpatient alternative in patients with malignant pleural effusions: a prospective randomized controlled trial. J Thorac Dis 2015; 6:1731-5. [PMID: 25589966 DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.2072-1439.2014.11.31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2014] [Accepted: 10/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chemical pleurodesis can be palliative for recurrent, symptomatic pleural effusions in patients who are not candidate for a thoracic surgical procedure. We hypothesized that effective pleurodesis could be accomplished with a rapid method of pleurodesis as effective as the standard method. METHODS A prospective randomized 'non-inferiority' trial was conducted in 96 patients with malignant pleural effusion (MPE) who are not potentially curable and/or not amenable to any other surgical intervention. They were randomly allocated to group 1 (rapid pleurodesis) and to group 2 (standard protocol). In group 1, following complete fluid evacuation, talc slurry was instilled into the pleural space. This was accomplished within 2 h of thoracic catheter insertion, unless the drained fluid was more than 1,500 mL. After clamping the tube for 30 min, the pleural space was drained for 1 h, after which the thoracic catheter was removed. In group 2, talc-slurry was administered when the daily drainage was lower than 300 mL/day. RESULTS No-complication developed due to talc-slurry in two groups. Complete or partial response was achieved in 35 (87.5%) and 33 (84.6%) patients in group 1 and group 2 respectively (P=0.670). The mean drainage time was 40.7 and 165.2 h in group 1 and group 2 respectively (P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS Rapid pleurodesis with talc slurry is safe and effective and it can be performed in an outpatient basis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serkan Özkul
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Istanbul University, Cerrahpasa Medical School, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Akif Turna
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Istanbul University, Cerrahpasa Medical School, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Demirkaya
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Istanbul University, Cerrahpasa Medical School, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Burcu Aksoy
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Istanbul University, Cerrahpasa Medical School, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Kamil Kaynak
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Istanbul University, Cerrahpasa Medical School, Istanbul, Turkey
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Kumar RN, Reddy SM, Karthigeyan S, Punithavathy R, Karthik KS, Manikandan R. The effect of repeated immersion of gypsum cast in sodium hypochlorite and glutaraldehyde on its physical properties: An in vitro study. J Pharm Bioallied Sci 2012; 4:S353-7. [PMID: 23066289 PMCID: PMC3467919 DOI: 10.4103/0975-7406.100270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2011] [Revised: 01/02/2012] [Accepted: 01/26/2012] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: One method used to disinfect a dental cast is immersion in a disinfecting solution. Repeated immersion of a cast in disinfectant may affect its physical properties. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the changes in dimensional accuracy and hardness of the dental casts as a result of repeated disinfection in 0.525% sodium hypochlorite and 2% glutaraldehyde solutions. Materials and Methods: Sixty specimens were made of type III dental stone. Twenty specimens were immersed in slurry, a supernatant solution of calcium sulfate in distilled water (control casts), 20 specimens in 0.525% sodium hypochlorite, and 20 specimens in 2% glutaraldehyde solutions for 30 min and air dried for 24 h. This process was repeated for 7 times for testing. Linear dimensional change and hardness were determined according to American National Standards Institute/American Dental Association (ANSI/ADA) standards. The data were analyzed using two-way analysis of variance. Results: For specimens prepared with type III stones, treatment was by immersion in slurry (group I – control casts), and by immersion in 0.525% sodium hypochlorite (group II – test group 1) and in 2% glutaraldehyde solution (group III – test group 2). The specimens treated with sodium hypochlorite and glutaraldehyde showed more linear dimensional change compared to the specimens treated in slurry. However, the difference between test casts and control casts was significant. But the difference between the two test groups was not significant. Both the test groups showed decrease in hardness of the specimens compared to that specimens in control group. But the difference between two test groups was not significant in hardness. However,the values remained close to ANSI/ADA standards. Conclusion: The results demonstrated that repeated immersion of type III dental stone specimens in slurry with distilled water, 0.525% sodium hypochlorite and 2% glutaraldehyde, along with drying in air, caused a significant increase in linear dimension and a significant decrease in hardness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachuri Narendra Kumar
- Department of Prosthodontics, KSR Institute of Dental Science and Research, Thiruchengode, Tamil Nadu, India
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Blanes-Vidal V, Nadimi ES, Ellermann T, Andersen HV, Løfstrøm P. Perceived annoyance from environmental odors and association with atmospheric ammonia levels in non-urban residential communities: a cross-sectional study. Environ Health 2012; 11:27. [PMID: 22513250 PMCID: PMC3458882 DOI: 10.1186/1476-069x-11-27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2011] [Accepted: 04/18/2012] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Odor exposure is an environmental stressor that is responsible of many citizens complains about air pollution in non-urban areas. However, information about the exposure-response relation is scarce. One of the main challenges is to identify a measurable compound that can be related with odor annoyance responses. We investigated the association between regional and temporal variation of ammonia (NH3) concentrations in five Danish non-urban regions and environmental odor annoyance as perceived by the local residents. METHODS A cross-sectional study where NH3 concentration was obtained from the national air quality monitoring program and from emission-dispersion modelling, and odor pollution perception from questionnaires. The exposure-response model was a sigmoid model. Linear regression analyses were used to estimate the model constants after equation transformations. The model was validated using leave-one-out cross validation (LOOCV) statistical method. RESULTS About 45% of the respondents were annoyed by odor pollution at their residential areas. The perceived odor was characterized by all respondents as animal waste odor. The exposure-annoyance sigmoid model showed that the prevalence of odor annoyance was significantly associated with NH3 concentrations (measured and estimated) at the local air quality monitoring stations (p < 0.01,R2 = 0.99; and p < 0.05,R2 = 0.93; respectively). Prediction errors were below 5.1% and 20% respectively. The seasonal pattern of odor perception was associated with the seasonal variation in NH3 concentrations (p < 0.001, adjusted R2 = 0.68). CONCLUSION The results suggest that atmospheric NH3 levels at local air quality stations could be used as indicators of prevalence of odor annoyance in non-urban residential communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Blanes-Vidal
- Inst. Chemical Eng., Biotechnology and Environmental Tech., Faculty of Engineering, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Esmaeil S Nadimi
- Inst. Chemical Eng., Biotechnology and Environmental Tech., Faculty of Engineering, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Thomas Ellermann
- Dept. Environmental Science, Aarhus University, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Helle V Andersen
- Dept. Construction and Health, Danish Building Research Institute, Aalborg University, Hørsholm, Denmark
| | - Per Løfstrøm
- Dept. Environmental Science, Aarhus University, Roskilde, Denmark
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Dresler CM, Olak J, Herndon JE, Richards WG, Scalzetti E, Fleishman SB, Kernstine KH, Demmy T, Jablons DM, Kohman L, Daniel TM, Haasler GB, Sugarbaker DJ. Phase III intergroup study of talc poudrage vs talc slurry sclerosis for malignant pleural effusion. Chest 2005; 127:909-15. [PMID: 15764775 PMCID: PMC4644736 DOI: 10.1378/chest.127.3.909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 350] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVE To demonstrate the efficacy, safety, and appropriate mode of instillation of talc for sclerosis in treatment of malignant pleural effusions (MPEs). DESIGN A prospective, randomized trial was designed to compare thoracoscopy with talc insufflation (TTI) to thoracostomy and talc slurry (TS) for patients with documented MPE. MEASUREMENTS The primary end point was 30-day freedom from radiographic MPE recurrence among surviving patients whose lungs initially re-expanded > 90%. Morbidity, mortality, and quality of life were also assessed. RESULTS Of 501 patients registered, those eligible were randomized to TTI (n = 242) or TS (n = 240). Patient demographics and primary malignancies were similar between study arms. Overall, there was no difference between study arms in the percentage of patients with successful 30-day outcomes (TTI, 78%; TS, 71%). However, the subgroup of patients with primary lung or breast cancer had higher success with TTI than with TS (82% vs 67%). Common morbidity included fever, dyspnea, and pain. Treatment-related mortality occurred in nine TTI patients and seven TS patients. Respiratory complications were more common following TTI than TS (14% vs 6%). Respiratory failure was observed in 4% of TS patients and 8% of TTI patients, accounting for five toxic deaths and six toxic deaths, respectively. Quality-of-life measurement demonstrated less fatigue with TTI than TS. Patient ratings of comfort and safety were also higher for TTI, but there were no differences on perceived value or convenience of the procedures. CONCLUSIONS Both methods of talc delivery are similar in efficacy; TTI may be better for patients with either a lung or breast primary. The etiology and incidence of respiratory complications from talc need further exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn M Dresler
- Head, Tobacco Unit, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France.
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Beveridge AD. Development in the Detection and Identification of Explosive Residues. Forensic Sci Rev 1992; 4:17-49. [PMID: 26267286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
In the past 2 decades, developments in the sensitivity and selectivity of instrument detectors have significantly improved the detection limits for explosives, particularly nitrated organic compounds. Significant improvements have also been made in clean up and recovery procedures for explosive residues. Methods which also have met the criterion of proven effectiveness in identifying explosive components in "real-world" residues from test explosions have been incorporated into systematic analysis protocols for explosive residues. This article first reviews developments in the application of both traditional and novel methods to analysis of unreacted explosives and explosive residues. Compounds used to formulate commercial, military, and "homemade" explosives are then cross-referenced to the analytical methods that have been specifically applied to them, both as pure chemicals and in explosive mixtures. The subsequent focus is on the combinations of methods used to systematically analyze and positively identify residues from improvised explosive devices, from handswabs derived from persons suspected of handling explosives, and from organic gunshot residue. Technology is available to positively identify virtually any unreacted explosive in residue, but no one method can detect all components of all explosives. Investigators and the courts are best served by well-equipped forensic science laboratories staffed with scientists who have gained experience by the successful analysis of post-blast residues from an explosives range and have comprehensive reference collections of physical material, analytical data, and literature. The greatest progress has been made with respect to nitrated organic compounds, but the new generation of commercial explosive slurries and emulsions which are primarily formulated with inorganic salts and non-nitrated organic compounds offer an ongoing challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- A D Beveridge
- Chemistry Section, Forensic Laboratory, Royal Canadian Mounted Police, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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