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Yu H, Sun H, Wang K, Liang X, Ding Y, Chang X, Guo J, Peng D, Gui SY. Study of the therapeutic effects of Painong powder on ulcerative colitis and the role of Platycodonis Radix in the prescription based on pharmacodynamic, pharmacokinetic, and tissue distribution analyses. J Ethnopharmacol 2022; 285:114872. [PMID: 34838618 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Herbal formulas have unique efficacy and are of great significance to the theory and practice of Chinese medicine and are therefore gaining increasing attention in research. Painong powder (PNS), composed of Aurantii fructus immaturus (Zhishi in Chinese, ZS), Paeoniae Radix Alba (Baishao in Chinese, BS), and Platycodonis Radix (Jiegeng in Chinese, JG), has remarkable effects on the detoxification and discharge of pus. JG is traditionally used to treat pulmonary carbuncles and is considered a 'medicinal guide'. According to the composition theory of prescriptions, JG is an 'assistant and guide' medicine. The role of JG as an adjuvant has gained increasing attention. AIM OF THE STUDY The study was designed to prove the efficacy of PNS in ulcerative colitis (UC) and to study the role of JG in PNS via pharmacodynamic, pharmacokinetic, and tissue distribution analyses. MATERIALS AND METHODS For the pharmacodynamic study, the UC rat model was induced using 5% trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS). The results of the macroscopic characterization, histological analysis, and cytokine levels, including those of tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB), were integrated to evaluate the treatment of UC with PNS. In addition, an LC-MS/MS method was established and validated to analyze the blood pharmacokinetic parameters and tissue distribution of naringin and paeoniflorin. RESULTS After the administration of high-dose PNS, the UC rats showed amelioration of macroscopic damage at the lesion site. The cytokine levels in the plasma, colon, and lung tissues were also decreased. The pharmacokinetic parameters showed that compared with UC rats administered with PNS-JG, those administered with PNS showed an increase in the AUC, MRT, and Tmax of naringin and paeoniflorin, and a decrease in their clearance rate. Furthermore, naringin and paeoniflorin had higher concentrations in the colon and lung tissues in the normal and model groups administered with PNS than in those administered with PNS-JG. CONCLUSIONS PNS was shown to have marked therapeutic efficacy against TNBS-induced UC in rats. The effect of JG in PNS was reflected by the differences in the pharmacokinetic parameters and tissue distribution of the active components, providing valuable information for the clinical application of PNS in the treatment of UC. However, knowledge about how JG works as an adjuvant medicine in PNS is still lacking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanwen Yu
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, China
| | - Han Sun
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, China; The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Anhui, Hefei, 230061, China
| | - Kang Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, China
| | - Xiao Liang
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, China
| | - Yang Ding
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, China; Institute of Pharmaceutics, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Xiangwei Chang
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, China; Institute of Pharmaceutics, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology and Application Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Jian Guo
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, China
| | - Daiyin Peng
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, China
| | - Shuang Ying Gui
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, China; Institute of Pharmaceutics, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology and Application Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China; Engineering Technology Research Center of Modernized Pharmaceutics Anhui Education Department AUCM, China.
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Gercek YC, Celik S, Bayram S. Screening of Plant Pollen Sources, Polyphenolic Compounds, Fatty Acids and Antioxidant/Antimicrobial Activity from Bee Pollen. Molecules 2021; 27:117. [PMID: 35011349 PMCID: PMC8746957 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27010117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, the botanical origin, total flavonoid and phenolic content, antioxidant activity, phenolic profile and fatty acid composition of mixed bee pollen loads collected in Bayburt, Turkey, were determined. In addition to these assays, antibacterial activity of bee-collected pollen extract (BCPE) against a variety of food-borne pathogenic bacteria was determined in vitro. Pollen loads were classified into five botanical families based on their color: Asteraceae, Fabaceae, Campanulaceae, Cistaceae and Rosaceae. Total flavonoid, total phenolic, CUPRAC and CERAC concentrations were 173.52 mg GAE/g, 79.21 mg QE/g, 85.59 mg Trolox/g and 118.13 mg Trolox/g, respectively. Twenty-three phenolic compounds were scanned in bee pollen extract by LC-MS/MS, with rutin being the most abundant. Cis-4,7,10,13,16,19 docosahexaenoic acid was the predominant fatty acid, followed by cis-11-eicosenoic acid, palmitic acid, and alfa linolenic acid. In addition, the agar well diffusion (AWD) and micro-broth dilution methods were used to determine of the antibacterial activity of the BCPE sample. MIC values were observed to vary between 2.5-5 mg/mL for Gram-positive bacteria and 5-10 mg/mL for Gram-negative bacteria. These findings indicate that bee pollen could be a potential source of antioxidants and antimicrobials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuf Can Gercek
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Istanbul University, 34134 Istanbul, Turkey
- Centre for Plant and Herbal Products Research-Development, 34134 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Saffet Celik
- Technology Research and Development Application and Research Center, Trakya University, 22030 Edirne, Turkey;
| | - Sinan Bayram
- Department of Medical Services and Techniques, Vocational School of Health Services, Bayburt University, 69000 Bayburt, Turkey
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Juszczak AM, Czarnomysy R, Strawa JW, Zovko Končić M, Bielawski K, Tomczyk M. In Vitro Anticancer Potential of Jasione montana and Its Main Components against Human Amelanotic Melanoma Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:3345. [PMID: 33805898 PMCID: PMC8036727 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Jasione montana L. (Campanulaceae) is used in traditional Belarusian herbal medicine for sleep disorders in children, but the chemical composition and biological activity have not been investigated. In this study, the activities of J. montana extracts, their fractions and main compounds were evaluated in amelanotic melanoma C32 (CRL-1585) cells and normal fibroblasts (PCS-201-012). The extracts and fractions were analyzed using liquid chromatography-photodiode array detection-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (LC-PDA-ESI-MS/TOF) to characterize 25 compounds. Further, three major and known constituents, luteolin (22) and its derivatives such as 7-O-glucoside (12) and 7-O-sambubioside (9) were isolated and identified. The cytotoxic activities against fibroblasts and the amelanotic melanoma cell line were determined using the fixable viability stain (FVS) assay. The influence of diethyl ether (Et2O) fraction (JM4) and 22 on apoptosis induction was investigated using an annexin V binding assay. The obtained results showed significant cytotoxicity of JM4 and 22 with IC50 values of 119.7 ± 3.2 and 95.1 ± 7.2 μg/mL, respectively. The proapoptotic potential after 22 treatment in the C32 human amelanotic melanoma cell line was comparable to that of vinblastine sulfate (VLB), detecting 29.2 ± 3.0% apoptotic cells. Moreover, 22 displayed less necrotic potential against melanoma cells than VLB. In addition, the influences of JM4 and 22 on the dysfunction of the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), cell cycle and activity of caspases 3, 8, 9, and 10 were established. The effects of JM4 on MMP change (74.5 ± 3.0% of the cells showed a reduced MMP) corresponded to the results obtained from the annexin V binding assay and activation of caspase-9. JM4 and 22 displayed a significant impact on caspase-9 (40.9 ± 2.4% of the cells contained active caspase-9 after JM4 treatment and 16.6 ± 0.8% after incubation with 22) and the intrinsic (mitochondrial) apoptotic pathway. Moreover, studies have shown that JM4 and 22 affect the activation of external apoptosis pathways by inducing the caspase-8 and caspase-10 cascades. Thus, activation of caspase-3 and DNA damage via external and internal apoptotic pathways were observed after treatment with JM4 and 22. The obtained results suggest that J. montana extracts could be developed as new topical preparations with potential anticancer properties due to their promising cytotoxic and proapoptotic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Maria Juszczak
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Białystok, ul. Mickiewicza 2a, 15-230 Białystok, Poland; (A.M.J.); (J.W.S.)
| | - Robert Czarnomysy
- Department of Synthesis and Technology of Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Białystok, ul. Kilińskiego 1, 15-089 Białystok, Poland; (R.C.); (K.B.)
| | - Jakub Władysław Strawa
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Białystok, ul. Mickiewicza 2a, 15-230 Białystok, Poland; (A.M.J.); (J.W.S.)
| | - Marijana Zovko Končić
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, Marulićev trg 20/II, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Krzysztof Bielawski
- Department of Synthesis and Technology of Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Białystok, ul. Kilińskiego 1, 15-089 Białystok, Poland; (R.C.); (K.B.)
| | - Michał Tomczyk
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Białystok, ul. Mickiewicza 2a, 15-230 Białystok, Poland; (A.M.J.); (J.W.S.)
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Sanmartín P, Gambino M, Fuentes E, Serrano M. A Simple, Reliable, and Inexpensive Solution for Contact Color Measurement in Small Plant Samples. Sensors (Basel) 2020; 20:s20082348. [PMID: 32326084 PMCID: PMC7219240 DOI: 10.3390/s20082348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 04/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Correct color measurement by contact-type color measuring devices requires that the sample surface fully covers the head of the device, so their use on small samples remains a challenge. Here, we propose to use cardboard adaptors on the two aperture masks (3 and 8 mm diameter measuring area) of a broadly used portable spectrophotometer. Adaptors in black and white to reduce the measuring area by 50% and 70% were applied in this study. Representatives of the family Campanulaceae have been used to test the methodology, given the occurrence of small leaves. Our results show that, following colorimetric criteria, the only setting providing indistinguishable colors according to the perception of the human eye is the use of a 50%-reducing adaptor on the 3-mm aperture. In addition, statistical analysis suggests the use of the white adaptor. Our contribution offers a sound measurement technique to gather ecological information from the color of leaves, petals, and other small samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Sanmartín
- Departamento de Edafoloxía e Química Agrícola, Facultade de Farmacia, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain;
- Correspondence: (P.S.); (M.S.); Tel.: +34-8818-14-984 (P.S.); +34-6714-24-983 (M.S.)
| | - Michela Gambino
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Stigbøjlen 4, 1870 Frederiksberg, Denmark;
| | - Elsa Fuentes
- Departamento de Edafoloxía e Química Agrícola, Facultade de Farmacia, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain;
| | - Miguel Serrano
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Galiza, Spain
- Correspondence: (P.S.); (M.S.); Tel.: +34-8818-14-984 (P.S.); +34-6714-24-983 (M.S.)
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Cheng KC, Chang CI, Lin YC, Liu CI, Zeng YC, Lin YS. Secoiridoids from the Seed of Gonocaryum calleryanum and Their Inhibitory Potential on LPS-Induced Tumor Necrosis Factor and Nitric Oxide Production. Molecules 2018; 23:E1633. [PMID: 29973552 PMCID: PMC6100119 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23071633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Revised: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Three new secoiridoid constituents, goncarin A−C (1⁻3), and a new derivative, goncarin A monoacetate (4), along with two known lignins, pinoresinol (5) and paulownin (6), were isolated from the seed of Gonocaryum calleryanum (Baill.) Becc. The structures of the new metabolites were determined on the basis of extensive spectroscopic analysis, particularly mass spectroscopy and 2D NMR (¹H⁻¹H COSY, HMQC, HMBC, and NOESY) spectroscopy. The aim of this study was to identify the anti-inflammatory effects of compounds 1⁻6 on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated murine macrophage cell lines (RAW 264.7). Following stimulation with LPS, elevated levels of nitric oxide (NO) production were detected in RAW 264.7 cells; however, pretreatment with compounds 1⁻6 significantly inhibited the production of NO (around 40⁻80%, p < 0.01⁻0.05), by suppressing the expression of inducible NO synthase (iNOS). In addition, LPS-stimulated tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) production was significantly reduced by compounds 1⁻3 (25⁻40%, p < 0.01⁻0.05). These results suggested that compounds 1⁻3 may exert anti-inflammatory activity, and that compounds 1⁻3 may be considered a potential therapeutic for the treatment of inflammatory diseases associated with macrophage activation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chi-I Chang
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan.
| | - Yu-Chi Lin
- National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Taipei 11221, Taiwan.
| | - Chih-I Liu
- Department of Nursing, Meiho University, Pingtung 91202, Taiwan.
| | - Yu-Ci Zeng
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Meiho University, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan.
| | - Yun-Sheng Lin
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Meiho University, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan.
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Wang C, Zhang N, Wang Z, Qi Z, Zheng B, Li P, Liu J. Rapid characterization of chemical constituents of Platycodon grandiflorum and its adulterant Adenophora stricta by UPLC-QTOF-MS/MS. J Mass Spectrom 2017; 52:643-656. [PMID: 28686313 DOI: 10.1002/jms.3967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2017] [Revised: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/02/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Platycodon grandiflorum (PG) is extensively used for treating cough, excessive phlegm, sore throat, bronchitis and asthma, whereas Adenophora stricta (AS) is commonly used to reduce phlegm, clear lung and tonify stomach. Due to similar appearances, PG is sometimes adulterated with cheap AS so as to gain profits. And this will inevitably result in different pharmacological property. In order to further clarify the differences in the chemical composition of these two Chinese herbs, the ultra-high performance liquid chromatography combined with quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry coupled with UNIFI platform was used to establish a reliable, simple, sensitive and rapid analytical method. Seventy-five compounds, including triterpenoid saponins, organic acids, flavonoids, steroids, phenols, etc., were identified from PG based on MSE data and retention time under the optimized conditions. Meanwhile, 57 compounds including triterpenoid saponins, organic acids, steroids, phenols, alkaloids, etc. were identified from AS. Among all the identified compounds, there were only 14 common components (mainly organic acids) existing in two herbs, and most of the other chemical compositions are totally different between the two herbs. Based on the results, AS cannot substitute for PG. In addition, PG adulterated with AS will lead a poor efficacy in clinical application. In addition, the systematic comparison of similarities and differences between two Chinese herbs will provide reliable characterization profiles to clarify the pharmacological fundamental substances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuizhu Wang
- Research Center of Natural Drug, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Fujin Road 1266, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Nanqi Zhang
- Research Center of Natural Drug, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Fujin Road 1266, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Zhenzhou Wang
- Research Center of Natural Drug, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Fujin Road 1266, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Zeng Qi
- Research Center of Natural Drug, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Fujin Road 1266, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Bingzhen Zheng
- Research Center of Natural Drug, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Fujin Road 1266, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Pingya Li
- Research Center of Natural Drug, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Fujin Road 1266, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Jinping Liu
- Research Center of Natural Drug, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Fujin Road 1266, Changchun, 130021, China
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Zeng CC, Zhang C, Yao JH, Lai SH, Han BJ, Li W, Tang B, Wan D, Liu YJ. Platycodin D induced apoptosis and autophagy in PC-12 cells through mitochondrial dysfunction pathway. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2016; 168:199-205. [PMID: 27294548 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2016.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2015] [Revised: 03/21/2016] [Accepted: 06/02/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In this article, the in vitro cytotoxicity of platycodin D was evaluated in human PC-12, SGC-7901, BEL-7402, HeLa and A549 cancer cell lines. PC-12 cells were sensitive to platycodin D treatment, with an IC50 value of 13.5±1.2μM. Morphological and comet assays showed that platycodin D effectively induced apoptosis in PC-12 cells. Platycodin D increased the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and induced a decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential. Platycodin D induced cell cycle arrest at the G0/G1 phase in the PC-12 cell line. Platycodin D can induce autophagy. In addition, platycodin D can down-regulate the expression of Bcl-2 and Bcl-x, and up-regulate the levels of Bid protein in the PC-12 cells. The results demonstrated that platycodin D induced PC-12 cell apoptosis through a ROS-mediated mitochondrial dysfunction pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan-Chuan Zeng
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Jun-Hua Yao
- Instrumentation Analysis and Research Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China
| | - Shang-Hai Lai
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Bing-Jie Han
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Wei Li
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Bing Tang
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Dan Wan
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Yun-Jun Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China.
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Kim SJ, Cho HI, Kim SJ, Kim JS, Kwak JH, Lee DU, Lee SK, Lee SM. Protective effects of lupeol against D-galactosamine and lipopolysaccharide-induced fulminant hepatic failure in mice. J Nat Prod 2014; 77:2383-2388. [PMID: 25325613 DOI: 10.1021/np500296b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
This study examined the hepatoprotective effects of lupeol (1, a major active triterpenoid isolated from Adenophora triphylla var. japonica) against d-galactosamine (GalN) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced fulminant hepatic failure. Mice were orally administered 1 (25, 50, and 100 mg/kg; dissolved in olive oil) 1 h before GalN (800 mg/kg)/LPS (40 μg/kg) treatment. Treatment with GalN/LPS resulted in increased levels of serum alanine aminotransferase, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and interleukin (IL)-6, as well as increased mortality, all of which were attenuated by treatment with 1. In addition, levels of toll-like receptor (TLR)4, myeloid differentiation primary response gene 88, TIR-domain-containing adapter-inducing interferon-β (TRIF), IL-1 receptor-associated kinase (IRAK)-1, and TNF receptor associated factor 6 protein expression were increased by GalN/LPS. These increases, except TRIF, were attenuated by 1. Interestingly, 1 augmented GalN/LPS-mediated increases in the protein expression of IRAK-M, a negative regulator of TLR signaling. Following GalN/LPS treatment, nuclear translocation of nuclear factor-κB and the levels of TNF-α and IL-6 mRNA expression increased, which were attenuated by 1. Together, the present findings suggest that lupeol (1) ameliorates GalN/LPS-induced liver injury, which may be due to inhibition of IRAK-mediated TLR inflammatory signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- So-Jin Kim
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University , Suwon, 440-746, Republic of Korea
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Li J, Hu D, Zong W, Lv G, Zhao J, Li S. Determination of inulin-type fructooligosaccharides in edible plants by high-performance liquid chromatography with charged aerosol detector. J Agric Food Chem 2014; 62:7707-7713. [PMID: 25034622 DOI: 10.1021/jf502329n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Fructooligosaccharides (FOS), which are regarded as functional ingredients, are commonly classified as dietary fibers in many countries. However, few analytical methods for separation and analysis of individual FOS in plants, crops, and food products have been developed. In this study, a simple, rapid, and sensitive high performance liquid chromatography with charged aerosol detector (HPLC-CAD) method was developed for simultaneous determination of 11 inulin-type FOS with degree of polymerization (DP) 3-13 in different samples. The separation was performed on a Waters XBridge Amide column (4.6 × 250 mm i.d., 3.5 μm) with gradient elution. All calibration curves for investigated analytes showed good linear regression (R(2) > 0.9962). Their limits of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) were in the ranges 0.4-0.6 μg/mL and 1.4-2.3 μg/mL, respectively. The recoveries ranged from 94.0% to 114.4%. A liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method was applied to qualitative analysis of FOS in different samples. The developed method was successfully applied to analysis of 11 FOS in different samples of plants from Compositae, Campanulaceae, and Rubiaceae families. The developed HPLC-CAD nethod with microwave-assisted extraction can be used for quantitative analysis of FOS and is helpful for quality control of plants containing FOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau , Macao Special Administrative Region, China
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Kang M, Ha IJ, Chun J, Kang SS, Kim YS. Separation of two cytotoxic saponins from the roots of Adenophora triphylla var. japonica by high-speed counter-current chromatography. Phytochem Anal 2013; 24:148-154. [PMID: 22930642 DOI: 10.1002/pca.2394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2012] [Revised: 07/09/2012] [Accepted: 07/17/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The roots of Adenophorae species have been reported to exhibit anti-obese, anti-oxidant, anti-cancer, and anti-bacterial activities. However, there has been no single report regarding the preparative isolation and biological activities of the chemical components from Adenophora triphylla. OBJECTIVE To develop an efficient method for the determination of the active fraction from the methanol extract from the roots of Adenophora triphylla and for the preparative isolation and purification of target compounds having cytotoxicity on carcinoma cells from the active fraction by high-speed counter-current chromatography (HSCCC). METHODS The Plant (5 kg, dry weight) was extracted with methanol. Three hundred grams of the dried methanol extract (885 g) were fractionated by open-column chromatography with a stepwise gradient of water-methanol. Preparative isolation of bioactive components was performed by HSCCC with a two-phase solvent system composed of ethyl acetate-n-butanol-0.2% trifluoroacetic acid in water (5:5:10, v/v). The cytotoxicity of column fractions and isolated compounds was evaluated by 2-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazoliumbromide assay. RESULTS The 70% MeOH column fraction showed inhibitory effects against three human carcinoma cells A549, AGS and HepG2. Two saponins were separated from 400 mg of the active fraction by HSCCC. After further purification with solid phase extraction column, 25 mg of peak fraction 1 and 20 mg of peak fraction 2 were obtained. Their structures were identified by ¹H-NMR, ¹³C-NMR, Fourier transform infrared, fast atom bombardment-MS and electrospray ionisation-MS/MS. They exhibited strong cytotoxic effects against three cancer cells. CONCLUSION Two cytotoxic saponins were isolated for the first time from the roots of Adenophora triphylla by HSCCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minseok Kang
- Natural Products Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea
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Abstract
Platycodin D (PD), one of several triterpene saponins, was isolated from roots of Platycodon grandiflorum. We previously reported that intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) administration of PD showed an antinociceptive effect as measured by the tail-flick assay. However, its exact role in the regulation of antinociception in the various types of pain models has not yet been characterized. Thus, we attempted to find antinociceptive profiles of PD in various pain models. PD administered intraperitoneally (i.p.), i.c.v. or intrathecally (i.t.) showed antinociceptive effects in dose-dependent manners as measured by the tail-flick, writhing and formalin tests. In the tail-flick test, PD at the low doses reached the peak after 15 minutes and returned to the control level after 60 minutes. However, higher doses of PD showed a strong antinociception at least for 1 hour. PD administered i.t. showed stronger antinociception than that induced by i.c.v. administration PD in both tail-flick and writhing tests. In the formalin test, PD administered i.p., i.c.v. or i.t. showed antinociceptive effects during both the first (direct nociceptive stimulation) and second (late inflammatory) phases. Pretreatment with naltrexone i.p., i.c.v. or i.t. did not affect PD-induced inhibition of the tail-flick response. Our results suggest that PD shows a strong antinociceptive effect on the tail-flick, writhing and formalin tests, acting on central nervous system. However, PD-induced antinociception may not be mediated by the opioid receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong-Soo Choi
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine and Institute of Natural Medicine, Hallym University, Chunchon, South Korea
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12
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Kesting JR, Tolderlund IL, Pedersen AF, Witt M, Jaroszewski JW, Staerk D. Piperidine and tetrahydropyridine alkaloids from Lobelia siphilitica and Hippobroma longiflora. J Nat Prod 2009; 72:312-315. [PMID: 19206509 DOI: 10.1021/np800743w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The hyphenated technique HPLC-PDA-MS-SPE-NMR was used to assist targeted preparative-scale isolation of constituents of Lobelia siphilitica and Hippobroma longiflora (both Campanulaceae). This resulted in the isolation of two new alkaloids, (S)-2-[(2S,6R)-1-methyl-6-(2-oxo-2-phenylethyl)piperidin-2-yl]-1-phenylethyl acetate (3) and 6-[(E)-2-(3-methoxyphenyl)ethenyl]-2,3,4,5-tetrahydropyridine (4), the latter possessing a skeleton hitherto unseen among alkaloids of Lobelia and related genera. Lobeline (1), (1S,1'S)-2,2'-[(2R,6S)-1-methylpiperidine-2,6-diyl]bis(1-phenylethanol) (2), and lobetyolin (5) were also isolated. The structures of 1-5 were established using spectroscopic methods including homo- and heteronuclear two-dimensional NMR experiments and optical rotation data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie R Kesting
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
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13
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Li PC, Zhang BC, Chen ZG. [Optimization for extraction technology of polysaccharide in root of Adenophora potaninii from Taibai mountain in China by orthogonal experimental design]. Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi 2008; 33:1266-1312. [PMID: 18831202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study is to develop excellent extraction technology of the polysaccharides in the root of the A. potaninii which live in the Taibai Mountain in China. METHOD Based on the extraction with water, the polysaccharides were deposited with alcohol. With the content of polysaccharides was as the index, extraction conditions were investigated systemly. Employed the solid-liquid ratio, extraction temperature, extraction time and extraction number of times were as levels of single factor, the optimal extraction technology of the polysaccharides from the root of the A. potaninii was determined by L9 (3(4)) orthogonal experimental design L9 (3(4)). RESULT The optimal technology conditions were that the solid-liquid ratio was 1 : 30, the extracting temperature was 60 degrees C, the extracting time was 3 h and extracting number of times was 3 times. CONCLUSION The optimized extraction technology is simple, reliable and extraction efficiency of polysaccharide is higher.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng-Cheng Li
- College of Chemistry and Material Science, Shanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, China
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14
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Chan JYW, Leung PC, Che CT, Fung KP. Protective effects of an herbal formulation of Radix Astragali
, Radix Codonopsis
and Cortex Lycii
on streptozotocin-induced apoptosis in pancreatic β
-cells: an implication for its treatment of diabetes mellitus. Phytother Res 2007; 22:190-6. [PMID: 17726733 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.2285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Hyperglycemia is one of the main causes of oxidative stress in type 2 diabetes mellitus. During hyperglycemia, the increased level of various reducing sugars in the blood enhances the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and triggers tissue damage, especially in pancreatic beta-cells. Streptozotocin (STZ) is a diabetogen that causes diabetes mellitus via ROS-induced apoptosis in beta-cells. In this study, SR10, an herbal formulation consisting of the aqueous extracts of Radix Astragali, Radix Codonopsis and Cortex Lycii was examined for its antidiabetic effects in vitro. SR10 treatment resulted in significant enhancement of survival rate of rat pancreatic beta-cells which were treated by streptozotocin. SR10 apparently reduced apoptosis of streptozotocin-treated beta-cells by decreasing DNA fragmentation, sub-G(1) peak area and percentage of apoptotic cells. Nitric oxide (NO) production in streptozotocin-treated cells was inhibited by SR10 via the suppression of the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). The implication of SR10 in treating type 2 diabetes mellitus was discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judy Yuet-Wa Chan
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong SAR, China
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15
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Son IH, Park YH, Lee SI, Yang HD, Moon HI. Neuroprotective activity of triterpenoid saponins from Platycodi radix against glutamate-induced toxicity in primary cultured rat cortical cells. Molecules 2007; 12:1147-52. [PMID: 17873848 PMCID: PMC6149477 DOI: 10.3390/12051147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2007] [Revised: 05/06/2007] [Accepted: 05/07/2007] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
During our investigation of the neuroprotective activity of Platycodi radix we found that an aqueous extract of this folk medicine exhibited significant protection against glutamate-induced toxicity in primary cultured rat cortical cells. In order to clarify the neuroprotective mechanism(s) of this observed effect, activity-guided isolation was performed to seek and identify active fractions and components. By such fractionation, four known triterpene saponin compounds--platycodins A, C and D and deapioplatycodin D--were isolated from the n-butanol fraction. Among these four compounds, platycodin A exhibited significant neuroprotective activities against glutamate-induced toxicity, exhibiting cell viability of about 50%, at concentrations ranging from 0.1 microM to 10 microM. Therefore, the neuroprotective effect of Platycodi radix might be due to the inhibition of glutamate-induced toxicity by the saponin compounds it contains.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Hyung-In Moon
- To whom correspondence should be addressed; ; Fax. (+82)-313902414
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16
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Yao S, Liu R, Huang X, Kong L. Preparative isolation and purification of chemical constituents from the root of Adenophora tetraphlla by high-speed counter-current chromatography with evaporative light scattering detection. J Chromatogr A 2007; 1139:254-62. [PMID: 17150224 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2006.11.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2006] [Revised: 11/06/2006] [Accepted: 11/10/2006] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Preparative high-speed counter-current chromatography (HSCCC), as a continuous liquid-liquid partition chromatography with no solid support matrix, combined with evaporative light scattering detection (ELSD) was employed for systematic separation and purification of non-chromophoric chemical components from Chinese medicinal herb Adenophora tetraphlla (Thunb.), Fisch. Nine compounds, including alpha-spinasterol, beta-sitosterol, nonacosan-10-ol, 24-methylene cycloartanol, lupenone, 3-O-palmitoyl-beta-sitosterol, 3-O-beta-d-glucose-beta-sitosterol, eicosanoic acid and an unknown compound, were obtained. The compounds were all above 95% determined by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)-ELSD, and their structures were identified by (1)H NMR and chemical ionization mass spectroscopy (CI-MS). The results demonstrate that HSCCC coupled with ELSD is a feasible and efficient technique for systematic isolation of non-chromophoric components from traditional medicinal herbs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shun Yao
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
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17
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Abstract
One new triterpene compound, 3beta-acetoxylup-20(30)-en-29-al and two known 3-acetylptiloepoxide and 3beta-acetoxylup-20(29)-ene were isolated for the first time from the leaves of Campanula lactiflora and their structures were deduced by high field 1D and 2D 400 MHz NMR, EI-MS and (+) LC-MS/MS spectra.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Yayli
- Karadeniz Technical University, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, 61080, Trabzon, Turkey
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18
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Jayasuriya H, Herath KB, Ondeyka JG, Guan Z, Borris RP, Tiwari S, de Jong W, Chavez F, Moss J, Stevenson DW, Beck HT, Slattery M, Zamora N, Schulman M, Ali A, Sharma N, MacNaul K, Hayes N, Menke JG, Singh SB. Diterpenoid, steroid, and triterpenoid agonists of liver X receptors from diversified terrestrial plants and marine sources. J Nat Prod 2005; 68:1247-52. [PMID: 16124770 DOI: 10.1021/np050182g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
It has been demonstrated that liver X receptors (LXR) play a significant role in cholesterol homeostasis. Agonists of LXR are expected to increase cellular cholesterol efflux, lower LDL, and raise HDL levels. Screening of a natural product library of plant extracts using a LXR-SPA binding assay and bioassay-guided fractionation of a number of plant and marine gorgonian extracts led to the isolation of a number of active compounds. These included acanthoic acid (1) and alcohol (2), viperidone (3), polycarpol (4), rosacea acid (5), a cycloartane derivative (6), a new cycloartane analogue (7), betulinic acid (8), and gorgostane derivatives (9, 10, and 11). Of these compounds, 1, 4, and 11 exhibited potent binding affinity for alpha-receptor with IC(50) values of 0.25, 0.12, and 0.07 microM, respectively. Functionally they also showed strong coactivator association stimulation for LXRalpha receptor with EC50 values of 0.18, 0.03, and 0.05 microM, respectively. They also exhibited 15-, 8-, and 13-fold induction of the alpha-receptor in a transactivation assay in HEK-293 cells, respectively. In general these compounds were selective for the LXR alpha-receptor over the beta-receptor in all assays and were much better stimulators of the alpha-receptor than the endogenous steroid ligands.
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19
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Abstract
Resource pulses are occasional events of ephemeral resource superabundance that occur in many ecosystems. Aboveground consumers in diverse communities often respond strongly to resource pulses, but few studies have investigated the belowground consequences of resource pulses in natural ecosystems. This study shows that resource pulses of 17-year periodical cicadas (Magicicada spp.) directly increase microbial biomass and nitrogen availability in forest soils, with indirect effects on growth and reproduction in forest plants. These findings suggest that pulses of periodical cicadas create "bottom-up cascades," resulting in strong and reciprocal links between the aboveground and belowground components of a North American forest ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louie H Yang
- Center for Population Biology, Section of Evolution and Ecology, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
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20
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Maughan MAT, Davies IG, Claridge TDW, Courtney S, Hay P, Davis BG. Nitrogen inversion as a diastereomeric relay in azasugar synthesis: the first synthesis of adenophorine. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2003; 42:3788-92. [PMID: 12923845 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200351002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael A T Maughan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Durham, South Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK
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21
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Huang H, Sun SQ, Xu JW, Wang Z. [Novel application of FTIR in medical herb chemotaxonomy]. Guang Pu Xue Yu Guang Pu Fen Xi 2003; 23:253-257. [PMID: 12961863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Typical medical plants in Araliaceae, Campanulaceae, Magnoliaceae, Lauraceae, Leguminosae, Berberidaceae, Pteridophyta, etc. were studied with FTIR for the first time, and the similarities and differences within each familiar were also pointed out. Furthermore the differences in spectra of samples from different parts or collected at different time on the same plant were also discussed. The characteristic radicals of the mainly effective components in plants were identified, and the primary peaks were deciphered. It was considered that FTIR could become a rapid, reliable, impersonal and effective method in chemotaxonomy as a supplement of morphologic plant taxonomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Huang
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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22
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Abstract
Two polyacetylene glycosides, lobetyol 9-O-glc(6)-(1)rha (pratialin-A) and lobetyol 9-O-glc(6)-(1)glc(6)-(1)glc (pratialin-B), were isolated from Pratia nummularia (Campanulaceae) callus and hairy root cultures and their chemical structures were determined by analysis of spectroscopic data. From the methanol extract of the hairy root cultures, together with the known polyacetylene constituents lobetyol, lobetyolin, and lobetyolinin, tryptophan was also isolated. This report is the first example of the isolation and structure elucidation of rutinoside (pratialin-A) and triglucoside (pratialin-B) derivatives of polyacetylene constituents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanji Ishimaru
- Department of Applied Biological Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Saga University, 1 Honjo, Saga 840-8502, Japan.
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23
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Abstract
The protective effects of a Platycodi radix (Changkil: CK), the root of Platycodon grandiflorum A. DC (Campanulaceae) on carbon tetrachloride (CC14)-induced hepatotoxicity and the possible mechanisms involved in this protection were investigated in mice. Pretreatment with CK prior to the administration of CC14 significantly prevented the increased serum enzymatic activities of alanine and aspartate aminotransferase in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, pretreatment with CK also significantly prevented the elevation of hepatic malondialdehyde formation and the depletion of reduced glutathione content in the liver of CC14-intoxicated mice. However, hepatic reduced glutathione levels and glutathione S-transferase activities were not affected by treatment with CK alone. CC14-induced hepatotoxicity was also essentially prevented, as indicated by a liver histopathologic study. The effects of CK on the cytochrome P450 (P450) 2E1, the major isozyme involved in CC14 bioactivation were also investigated. Treatment of mice with CK resulted in a significant decrease of P450 2E1-dependent p-nitrophenol and aniline hydroxylation in a dose-dependent manner. CK showed antioxidant effects in FeCl2-ascorbate-induced lipid peroxidation in mice liver homogenate and in superoxide radical scavenging activity. Our results suggest that the protective effects of CK against CC14-induced hepatotoxicity possibly involve mechanisms related to its ability to block P450-mediated CC14 bioactivation and free radical scavenging effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung Jin Lee
- Department of Biology, Chonnam National University, Kwangju, South Korea
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24
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Hou ZF, Tu YQ, Li Y. Two new steroids from Adenophora stenanthina subsp. xifengensis. Pharmazie 2002; 57:209-11. [PMID: 11933855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
Two new steroids, 3 beta-vanilloyloxy-stigmast-5-ene-7-one, and stigmast-5-ene-3 beta,7 beta,15 alpha-triol were isolated from the roots of Adenophora stenanthina subsp. xifengensis along with four known compounds, stigmast-5-ene-3 beta-ol-7-one, stigmast-5-ene-3 beta,7 beta-diol, syringin, sinapyl alcohol 1, 3'-di-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectral methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Fu Hou
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
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25
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Chen Q, Chen X, Cai Y, Wang F, Li Z. [Isolation, purification and analysis of polysaccharides from Adenophora potaninii Korsh]. Zhong Yao Cai 2002; 25:25-6. [PMID: 12583238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2023]
Abstract
Polysaccharides, AP-1 and AP-3, were obtained through extraction of the roots of Adenophora potaninii Korsh by hot water, followed by the isolation and purification by DEAE-cellulose and Sephadex G-200 column chromatography. It was proved to be homogeneous by gel filtration chromatography and their average MW was estimated to be 8.3 x 10(4) and 6.3 x 10(4) respectively. Analysis of sugar composition showed that AP-1 is D-glucan, while AP-3 is composed of glucose, rhamnose, arabinose and glucronic acid in the molar ratio of 5:1:1:3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Chen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650092
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26
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Lee KJ, You HJ, Park SJ, Kim YS, Chung YC, Jeong TC, Jeong HG. Hepatoprotective effects of Platycodon grandiflorum on acetaminophen-induced liver damage in mice. Cancer Lett 2001; 174:73-81. [PMID: 11675154 DOI: 10.1016/s0304-3835(01)00678-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The protective effects of an aqueous extract from the roots of Platycodon grandiflorum A. DC (Campanulaceae), Changkil (CK), on acetaminophen (APAP)-induced hepatotoxicities and the possible protective mechanisms involved were investigated in mice. Pretreatment with CK prior to the administration of APAP significantly prevented the increase in serum alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase activity and hepatic lipid peroxidation in a dose-dependent manner. APAP-induced hepatotoxicity was also essentially prevented as evidenced by liver histopathology. Hepatic glutathione levels and glutathione-S-transferase activities were not affected by treatment with CK alone, but pretreatment with CK protected the APAP-induced depletion of hepatic glutathione levels. The effects of CK on cytochrome P450 (P450) 1A2 and 2E1, the major isozymes involved in APAP bioactivation, were investigated. In microsomal incubations, CK effectively inhibited P450 lA2-dependent methoxyresorufin O-deethylase activities and the P450 2E1-dependent p-nitrophenol and aniline hydroxylase. The results suggest that the protective effects of CK against the APAP-induced hepatotoxicity may, at least in part, be due to its ability to block P450-mediated APAP bioactivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- K J Lee
- Department of Biology, Chonnam National University, Kwangju, South Korea
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27
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Han SB, Park SH, Lee KH, Lee CW, Lee SH, Kim HC, Kim YS, Lee HS, Kim HM. Polysaccharide isolated from the radix of Platycodon grandiflorum selectively activates B cells and macrophages but not T cells. Int Immunopharmacol 2001; 1:1969-78. [PMID: 11606028 DOI: 10.1016/s1567-5769(01)00124-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Many polysaccharides isolated from plants are considered to be biological response modifiers and have been shown to enhance various immune responses in vivo and in vitro. Here, we demonstrate that polysaccharide isolated from the radix of Platycodon grandiflorum (PG) has a unique mode of immunostimulation with regard to its cell-type specificity. PG was found to markedly increase polyclonal IgM antibody production and the proliferation of B cells, and to activate iNOS transcription and NO production in macrophages. Moreover, the intraperitoneal administration of PG in mice resulted in increased IgM antibody production in B cells, which were immunized by using T-dependent antigen sheep red blood cells (sRBCs). However, PG did not affect the proliferation of T cells, the IL-2 expression of Th1 cells, or the IL-4 expression of Th2 cells. Although PG and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) had a similar mode of action in B cells and macrophages, they were differentiated by the fact that PG-induced cellular activation was not inhibited by polymyxin B, a specific inhibitor of LPS. Anti-CD19 or anti-CD79b antibody blocked B cell proliferation and anti-CD14 or anti-CD 11b antibody decreased macrophage NO production, indicating the possible cellular binding sites of PG. Our results demonstrate that PG is a specific activator of B cells and macrophages but not of T cells, and suggest that PG is quite distinct from other well-known immunostimulants, such as lentinan and schizophyllan, which mainly act upon macrophages and T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- S B Han
- Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yusong, Taejon, South Korea
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28
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Shibano M, Tsukamoto D, Masuda A, Tanaka Y, Kusano G. Two new pyrrolidine alkaloids, radicamines A and B, as inhibitors of alpha-glucosidase from Lobelia chinensis Lour. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2001; 49:1362-5. [PMID: 11605673 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.49.1362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Two new pyrrolidine alkaloids, radicamines A and B were isolated as inhibitors of alpha-glucosidase from Lobelia chinensis Lour. (Campanulaceae). Radicamines A and B were formulated as (2S,3S,4S,5S)-2-hydroxymethyl-3,4-dihydroxy-5-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-pyrrolidine (1) and (2S,3S,4S,5S)-2-hydroxymethyl-3,4-dihydroxy-5-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-pyrrolidine (2) on the basis of spectroscopic analyses and chemical methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Shibano
- Osaka University of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Takatsuki, Japan
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29
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Zhang Z, Zhan Q, Wang X. [A new triterpenoid from Adenophora polyantha]. Zhong Yao Cai 1998; 21:238-9. [PMID: 12567956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2023]
Abstract
A needle crystal from the ethanol extract of Adenophora polyantha was isolated. Its structure was determined on the basis of its Elementary Analysis, IR, MS, 1HNMR, 13CNMR and chemical property and established as Isotaraxerone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Zhang
- Shandong University of TCM, Jinan 250014
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