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Tian Y, Zhao X, Wang Z, Zhang W, Jiang Z. Structural characteristics and stability analysis of coconut oil body and its application for loading β-carotene. Food Chem 2024; 446:138818. [PMID: 38417282 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.138818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Revised: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
In this work, we investigated structural characteristics and stability analysis of the coconut oil body (COB) and its application for loading β-carotene (β-CA). The COB contained neutral lipids (81.1 ± 2.1 %), membrane proteins (0.6 ± 0.0 %), and moistures (18.3 ± 3.2 %), in which the molecular weights of membrane proteins ranged from 12 kDa to 40 kDa, as analyzed by the SDS-PAGE. The COB exhibited a small droplet diameter (5.1 ± 0.3 µm) with a monomodal diameter distribution, as reflected by the dynamic light scattering. The COB showed stable states at alkaline pH values (pH 8-10) and instability against ionic strengths (50-200 mmol/L) and thermal treatment (30-90℃) after analyzing the instability indexes. COB-based emulsions were favorable for the loading and retention of β-CA, as reflected by free fatty acids release rates and bioaccessibility in the simulated gastrointestinal digestion. This study will contribute to using the coconut oil bodies for loading bioactive nutraceuticals to enhance their bioaccessibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Tian
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Hainan 570228, China
| | - Xinxin Zhao
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Hainan 570228, China
| | - Zhiguo Wang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Hainan 570228, China
| | - Weimin Zhang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Hainan 570228, China.
| | - Zhiguo Jiang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Hainan 570228, China.
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Lee MK, Kim MJ, Oh WY, Lee J. Generation of volatiles from heated enzymatic hydrolysates of perilla meal with coconut oil in Maillard reaction system. Food Chem 2024; 440:138153. [PMID: 38103503 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.138153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Perilla meal hydrolysates (PMHs) were prepared by proteases; volatile profiles from heated mixtures of PMH and coconut oil (CO) were evaluated for their application as odor providers. Amino acids composition and degree of hydrolysis, and antioxidant activity in O/W emulsion of PMHs were assessed. PMHs were heated with different concentration of CO or with CO, xylose, and cysteine, which were non-Maillard and Maillard system, respectively. Among PMHs, double enzyme treatment using Alcalase and Flavourzyme showed higher degree of hydrolysis and antioxidant activity compared to PMHs from one type of enzymes. The presence of CO significantly increased oxygen, sulfur, and nitrogen-containing volatiles from PMHs in non-Maillard system. In case of Maillard system, PMHs with 10 % (w/w) CO contributed the formation of oxygen and nitrogen-containing volatiles such as furan and 2-methylpyrazine. PMHs might serve as an odor generator in the presence of edible oils like CO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myung Kyu Lee
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Ja Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Kangwon National University, Samcheok, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Young Oh
- College of Pharmacy, Dongduk Womens University, Republic of Korea.
| | - JaeHwan Lee
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea.
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Bright OA, Samuel DN, Adisa MA, Dorcas OO, Perez Q, Melody AA, Michael AK, Albert OS, Senu E. Clearing Properties Between Coconut Oil and Xylene in Histological Tissue Processing. J Histochem Cytochem 2024; 72:233-243. [PMID: 38553997 PMCID: PMC11020745 DOI: 10.1369/00221554241241369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Xylene is the commonest clearing agent even though it is hazardous and costly. This study evaluated the clearing properties of coconut oil as an alternative cost-effective clearing agent for histological processes. Ten (10) prostate samples fixed in formalin were taken and each one was cut into 4 before randomly separating them into four groups (A, B, C and D). Tissues were subjected to ascending grades of alcohol for dehydration. Group A was cleared in xylene and Groups B, C, and D were cleared at varying times of 1hr 30mins, 3hrs, and 4hrs in coconut oil respectively before embedding, sectioning, and staining were carried out. Gross and histological features were compared. Results indicated a significant shrinkage in coconut oil-treated specimen compared with the xylene-treated specimen and only the tissues cleared in coconut oil for 4hrs were as rigid as the tissues cleared in xylene (p > 0.05). No significant difference was found in either of the sections when checked for cellular details and staining quality (p > 0.999). Coconut oil is an efficient substitute for xylene in prostate tissues with a minimum clearing time of 4hrs, as it is environmentally friendly and less expensive, but causes significant shrinkage to prostate tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Owusu Afriyie Bright
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Garden City University College, Kumasi, Ghana
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, University of Energy and Natural Resources, Sunyani, Ghana
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Darko Nkansah Samuel
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Musah Ayeley Adisa
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Energy and Natural Resources, Sunyani, Ghana
| | - Owusu Ohui Dorcas
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Quartey Perez
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Garden City University College, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Antwi Ama Melody
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Garden City University College, Kumasi, Ghana
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Addai Kusi Michael
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Garden City University College, Kumasi, Ghana
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Pathology Unit, HopeXchange Medical Centre, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Osei Sarpong Albert
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Garden City University College, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Ebenezer Senu
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
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Prabha S, Tamoli S, Raghavamenon AC, Manu KA. Virgin Coconut Oil Alleviates Dextran Sulphate-Induced Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Modulates Inflammation and Immune Response in Mice. J Am Nutr Assoc 2024; 43:261-271. [PMID: 37905950 DOI: 10.1080/27697061.2023.2266742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Virgin coconut oil (VCNO), an unrefined kernel oil from Cocos nucifera L., has considerable medicinal and nutritive value. Experimental evidence suggests its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, chemoprotective, analgesic, and hypolipidemic effects. Presently, the effect of VCNO on ameliorating dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced inflammatory bowel disease and cyclophosphamide (CTX)-induced immunosuppression in experimental animals was analyzed. METHOD DSS (4%) was administered to BALB/c mice through drinking water for 12 days to induce inflammatory bowel disease, and VCNO (500, 750, and 1000 mg/kg bwt) was supplemented orally for 12 days. For anti-inflammatory studies, lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 250 µg/animal) was injected into the intraperitoneal cavity of Swiss albino mice followed by 7 days' pretreatment of VCNO (500, 750, and 1000 mg/kg bwt). To understand the mechanism of action, serum from all animals was collected after 6 hours of LPS challenge and levels of proinflammatory cytokines were analyzed using enzyme-inked immunosorbent assay. In addition to this, immunosuppression was induced by CTX (50 mg/kg bwt, po) in Swiss albino mice. RESULTS Oral administration of VCNO effectively reversed the pathologies associated with inflammatory bowel disease induced by DSS, including loss of body weight, increased disease activity index, shortening of colon length, diarrhea, and rectal bleeding. Histopathological examination showed that VCNO restored the damage in colon tissue induced by DSS. Similar trends were noticed in levels of myeloperoxidase and mRNA expression of proinflammatory cytokines in colon tissue. In addition to this, supplementation of VCNO markedly reduced the hike in the level of serum proinflammatory cytokines in LPS-challenged mice. Further, administration of VCNO effectively increased spleen and thymus indexes and stimulated the production of interferon-γ in serum. CONCLUSIONS Overall, this study revealed that VCNO alleviates inflammatory bowel disease and inflammation; concurrently, it can revert immunosuppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silpa Prabha
- Department of Immunology, Amala Cancer Research Centre, Amala Nagar, Thrissur, India
| | - Sanjay Tamoli
- Department of Medical Services, Target Institute of Medical Education and Research, Mumbai, India
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Samajdar SS, Joshi S, Tripathi SK. Letter to editor: Comment on "assessment of Virgin Coconut Oil in a balanced diet on indicators of cardiovascular health in non-obese volunteers: A human metabolic study" by Jeyakumar et al. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2024; 18:102964. [PMID: 38437788 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2024.102964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
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Monica P, Ranjan R, Kapoor M. Family 3 CBM improves the biochemical properties, substrate hydrolysis and coconut oil extraction by hemicellulolytic and holocellulolytic chimeras. Enzyme Microb Technol 2024; 174:110375. [PMID: 38157781 DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2023.110375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
To understand the influence of family 3 Carbohydrate Binding Module (hereafter CBM3), single (GH5 cellulase; CelB, CelBΔCBM), bi-chimeric [GH26 endo-mannanase (ManB-1601) and GH11 endo-xylanase (XynB); ManB-XynB [1], ManB-XynB-CBM] and tri-chimeric [ManB-XynB-CelB [1], ManB-XynB-CelBΔCBM] enzyme variants (fused or deleted of CBM) were produced and purified to homogeneity. CBM3 did not alter the pH and temperature optima of bi- and tri-chimeric enzymes but improved the pH and temperature stability of ManB in CBM variants of bi-/tri-chimeric enzymes. Truncation of CBM in CelB shifted the pH optimum and increased the melting temperature (Tm 65 ℃). CBM3 improved both substrate affinity (Km) and catalytic efficiency (kcat/Km) of fused enzymes in tri-chimera and CelB but only Km for bi-chimera. Far-UV CD of CelB and bi- and tri-chimeric enzymes suggested that CBM3 improved the α-helical content and compactness in the native state but did not prevent disintegration of secondary structural contents at acidic pH. Steady-state fluorescence studies suggested that under acidic conditions CBM3 prevented the exposure of hydrophobic patches in bi-chimeric protein but could not avert the opening up of chimeric enzyme structure. Aqueous enzyme assisted treatment of mature coconut kernel using single, bi- and tri-chimeric enzymes led to cracks, peeling and fracturing of the matrix and improved the oil yield by up to 22%.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Monica
- Department of Microbiology and Fermentation Technology, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysuru 570 020, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, UP, India
| | - Ritesh Ranjan
- Department of Microbiology and Fermentation Technology, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysuru 570 020, India
| | - Mukesh Kapoor
- Department of Microbiology and Fermentation Technology, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysuru 570 020, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, UP, India.
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Icyer NC, Kuran N. Evaluation of edible oil types used in packaged foods in Türkiye with principal component analysis. J Food Sci 2024; 89:1035-1046. [PMID: 38193170 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.16910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
In our rapidly changing world, where consumers' expectations for healthy food are on the rise, the edible oil content in packaged foods has become a central focus. Among various types of oils, palm oil is often regarded as one of the most contentious. This research study aimed to identify the types of fats present in packaged food products in Türkiye and examined the reasons for their utilization. A total of 1380 packaged food items, classified into 11 categories, were scrutinized, and the types of oils within their ingredients were classified using principal component analysis and hierarchical cluster analysis. The study's results have determined that among packaged food products available in Türkiye, 50.1% contain palm oil, 30.4% contain sunflower oil, 16.4% contain canola oil, 14.9% contain cottonseed oil, 17.9% contain cocoa oil, and 12.6% contain coconut oil. In particular, it was determined that palm oil was used in 91% of bakery products, 81% of margarine and shortening products, and 71.3% of ice creams. Consequently, the data obtained in the context of ongoing debates regarding the fat content in packaged foods, especially concerning palm oil usage, will make a valuable contribution to the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Necattin Cihat Icyer
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Mus Alparslan University, Mus, Turkey
| | - Nesrin Kuran
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Mus Alparslan University, Mus, Turkey
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8
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Nemoto K, Kobayashi F, Odake S. Coconut oil as an alternative to butter and shortening in bread making. J Food Sci 2024; 89:913-924. [PMID: 38221799 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.16925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
The characteristics of bread prepared with coconut oil were investigated to determine whether it can be used as an alternative to butter and shortening. Loaf height of the bread increased by adding butter and shortening water content of bread containing oils and fats was lower than that without oils and fats, and baking loss increased with decreasing water content. The addition of oils and fats influenced the baking color of bread and hindered the hardening of bread samples over time. Moreover, the addition and type of oils and fats influenced the crust density of bread samples and dough expansion. Furthermore, numerous fine bubbles were present in bread samples without oils and fats, whereas the size and number of bubbles increased and decreased in bread samples containing oils and fats, respectively. The band concentrations of insoluble proteins at approximately 39, 41, and 48 kDa in freeze-dried bread samples without oils and fats were significantly lower than those containing oils and fats. Thirty volatile compounds were detected in all bread samples tested, and the number was high in the following order: bread samples with butter, shortening, and coconut oil, and without oils and fats. However, sensory evaluation showed no significant differences among all bread samples tested. Therefore, it was suggested that bread containing coconut oil had the same characteristics as that containing butter and shortening. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: Butter and shortening are usually used in bread making, although bread prepared with coconut oil can possess the same characteristics as that containing them. Therefore, this study evaluated the characteristics of bread prepared with coconut oil and revealed that use of coconut oil enabled a vegan bread with reduced environmental impact because coconut oil is a vegetable-derived oil that does not require the cutting of tropical rainforests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaho Nemoto
- Faculty of Applied Life Science, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Musashino, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Fumiyuki Kobayashi
- Faculty of Applied Life Science, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Musashino, Tokyo, Japan
- Research Center for Animal Life Science, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Musashino, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sachiko Odake
- Faculty of Applied Life Science, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Musashino, Tokyo, Japan
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Tachie CYE, Obiri-Ananey D, Alfaro-Cordoba M, Tawiah NA, Aryee ANA. Classification of oils and margarines by FTIR spectroscopy in tandem with machine learning. Food Chem 2024; 431:137077. [PMID: 37611361 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.137077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
This study assessed the combined utility of ATR-FTIR spectroscopy and machine learning (ML) techniques for identifying and classifying pure njangsa seed oil (NSO), palm kernel oil (PKO), coconut oil (CCO), njangsa seed oil-palm kernel oil (NSOPKO) and njangsa seed oil-coconut oil (NSOCCO) margarine. Additionally, it quantified the degree of adulteration in each oil and margarine using ML regression models and sunflower oil and canola-flaxseed oil margarine as adulterants. Fingerprints of the oils and the margarines derived in the spectra region 4000-600 cm-1 were combined with ML models. The first two principal components explained 99.4% and 98% of the variance of pure oils and margarines and 90.1, 88.3, 88, 97.3 and 98.3% of adulterated PKO, NSO, CCO, NSOCCO and NSOPKO, respectively while enabling visualization. Pure margarines were classified accurately (100%) in all models. KNN was most effective in classifying pure oil at 97% followed by LR (93%), SVM (83%), LightGBM (53%) and DT (50%). The R2 obtained from all the models for adulterated PKO, NSO, CCO, NSOPKO and NSOCCO ranged from 59-99%, 55-99%, 45-94%, 69-98% and 59-94%, respectively. SVM and DT underperformed, while KNN was the best model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christabel Y E Tachie
- Delaware State University, College of Agriculture, Science and Technology, Department of Human Ecology (Food Science & Biotechnology Program), 1200 N DuPont Highway, Dover, DE 19901, USA
| | - Daniel Obiri-Ananey
- North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, Department of Computational Data Science and Engineering, 1601 E Market St, Greensboro, NC 27411, USA
| | - Marcela Alfaro-Cordoba
- University of California Santa Cruz, Department of Statistics, 1156 High St, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | - Nii Adjetey Tawiah
- Delaware State University, College of Humanities, Education and Social Sciences, 1200 N DuPont Highway, Dover, DE 19901, USA
| | - Alberta N A Aryee
- Delaware State University, College of Agriculture, Science and Technology, Department of Human Ecology (Food Science & Biotechnology Program), 1200 N DuPont Highway, Dover, DE 19901, USA.
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Karamanlioglu M, Yesilkir-Baydar S. Characterization of gelatin-based wound dressing biomaterials containing increasing coconut oil concentrations. J Biomater Sci Polym Ed 2024; 35:16-44. [PMID: 37773094 DOI: 10.1080/09205063.2023.2265624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023]
Abstract
This study determined the influence and ideal ratios of various coconut oil (CO) amounts in gelatin (G) based-films as wound dressings since there are limited comparative studies to evaluate the sole effect of increasing CO on protein-based biomaterials. Homogenous films at G:CO ratio of 4:0,4:2,4:3,4:4 (w:w) corresponding to CO-0, CO-2, CO-3, CO-4, respectively, were obtained using solution casting. SEM showed CO caused rougher surfaces decreasing mechanical strength. However, no pores were observed in CO-4 due to bigger clusters of oil improving stretchability compared to CO-3; and durability since aging of CO-4 was >10% lower than CO-0 in aqueous media. FTIR showed triglycerides' band only in CO films with increasing amplitude. Moreover, amide-I of CO-2 was involved in more hydrogen bonding, therefore, CO-2 had the highest melt-like transition temperatures (Tmax) at ∼163 °C while others' were at ∼133 °C; and had more ideal mechanical properties among CO films. XTT showed that increased CO improved 3T3 cell viability as CO-0 significantly decreased viability at 10,50,75,100 μg/mL (p < 0.05), whereas CO-2 and CO-3 within 5-75 μg/mL and CO-4 within 5-100 μg/mL range increased viability ≥100% suggesting proliferation. All CO samples at 25 μg/mL stimulated 3T3 cell migration in Scratch Assay indicating wound healing. CO amounts mainly improved thermal and healing properties of gelatin-based biomaterial. CO-2 was more thermally stable and CO-4 had better influence on cell viability and wound healing than CO-0. Therefore, increased CO ratios, specifically 4:2 and 4:4, G:CO (w:w), in gelatin-based films can be ideal candidates for wound dressing materials.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Serap Yesilkir-Baydar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Istanbul Gelisim University, Istanbul, Turkey
- Life Sciences and Biomedical Engineering Application and Research Center, Istanbul Gelisim University, Istanbul, Turkey
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Oh SJ, Choi TR, Kim HJ, Shin N, Hwang JH, Kim HJ, Bhatia SK, Kim W, Yeon YJ, Yang YH. Maximization of 3-hydroxyhexanoate fraction in poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyhexanoate) using lauric acid with engineered Cupriavidus necator H16. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 256:128376. [PMID: 38007029 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.128376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/27/2023]
Abstract
As polyhydroxybutyrate (P(3HB)) was struggling with mechanical properties, efforts have been directed towards increasing mole fraction of 3-hydroxyhexanoate (3HHx) in P(3HB-co-3HHx) to improve the properties of polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs). Although genetic modification had significant results, there were several issues related to cell growth and PHA production by deletion of PHA synthetic genes. To find out easier strategy for high 3HHx mole fraction without gene deletion, Cupriavidus necator H16 containing phaC2Ra-phaACn-phaJ1Pa was examined with various oils resulting that coconut oil gave the highest 3HHx mole fraction. When fatty acid composition analysis with GC-MS was applied, coconut oil was found to have very different composition from other vegetable oil containing very high lauric acid (C12) content. To find out specific fatty acid affecting 3HHx fraction, different fatty acids from caproic acid (C6) to stearic acid (C18) was evaluated and the 3HHx mole fraction was increased to 26.5 ± 1.6 % using lauric acid. Moreover, the 3HHx mole fraction could be controlled from 9 % to 31.1 % by mixing bean oil and lauric acid with different ratios. Produced P(3HB-co-3HHx) exhibited higher molecular than P(3HB-co-3HHx) from phaB-deletion mutant. This study proposes another strategy to increase 3HHx mole fraction with easier way by modifying substrate composition without applying deletion tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suk Jin Oh
- Department of Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Rim Choi
- Department of Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Joong Kim
- Department of Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Nara Shin
- Department of Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Hyeon Hwang
- Department of Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Jin Kim
- Department of Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Shashi Kant Bhatia
- Department of Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Institute for Ubiquitous Information Technology and Application, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Wooseong Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Joo Yeon
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, Republic of Korea
| | - Yung-Hun Yang
- Department of Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Goswami M, Mondal K, Prasannavenkadesan V, Bodana V, Katiyar V. Effect of guar gum-chitosan composites edible coating functionalized with essential oils on the postharvest shelf life of Khasi mandarin at ambient condition. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 254:127489. [PMID: 37852394 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, the effects of guar gum (0.7 %):chitosan (0.3 %) based composite edible coating functionalized with coconut oil and essential oils like clove bud oil and cinnamon bark oil were investigated on the postharvest shelf life of Khasi mandarins at ambient conditions (25 ± 5 °C, RH 75 ± 5 %) up to 20 days of storage period. The postharvest characteristics such as weight loss, firmness, acidity, total soluble solids (TSS) and reducing sugar of control and treated fruits were evaluated at 5 days intervals throughout the storage period. The obtained results indicated that the application of guar gum/chitosan-based composite edible coating with coconut oil, clove bud and cinnamon bark essential oil was effective in prolonging the postharvest shelf life of Khasi mandarins as compared to control fruits by minimizing the decay and loss of postharvest quality attributes. The treatment of composite such as guar gum/chitosan/coconut oil/clove oil/cinnamon oil (GGCsC-Cl-Cn) was most effective in maintaining postharvest characteristics of fruits compared to other treatments and control. The significant (p < 0.05) lowest weight loss (38 %) with retention of higher firmness (5.9 N), titratable acidity (0.29 %), and total soluble solid (10.8 %) was noticed in the Khasi mandarins treated with GGCsC-Cl-Cn composite coating on 20 days of storage. Furthermore, the present study confirmed the significance of the developed composite formulation in improving the shelf life of Khasi mandarin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mandavi Goswami
- Centre for Sustainable Polymers, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, North Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
| | - Kona Mondal
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, North Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
| | | | - Vikrant Bodana
- Centre for Sustainable Polymers, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, North Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
| | - Vimal Katiyar
- Centre for Sustainable Polymers, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, North Guwahati, Assam 781039, India; Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, North Guwahati, Assam 781039, India.
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Nadora D, Burney W, Chaudhuri RK, Galati A, Min M, Fong S, Lo K, Chambers CJ, Sivamani RK. Prospective Randomized Double-Blind Vehicle-Controlled Study of Topical Coconut and Sunflower Seed Oil-Derived Isosorbide Diesters on Atopic Dermatitis. Dermatitis 2024; 35:S62-S69. [PMID: 38394048 DOI: 10.1089/derm.2023.0329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Background: Preliminary studies support the use of topical coconut and sunflower seed oil for atopic dermatitis (AD). However, standardized topical formulations of fatty acids from these sources have not been studied. Objective: This study investigates whether coconut oil- and sunflower seed oil-derived isosorbide diesters can be used in conjunction with colloidal oatmeal to improve itch, AD severity, and the need for topical steroids in adults. Methods: This was a single-center, 4-week, randomized, double-blind, and vehicle-controlled study conducted between 2021 and 2022. Thirty-two male and female adults with mild-to-moderate AD were enrolled and completed the study. Participants were randomized to receive either 0.1% colloidal oatmeal (vehicle) or isosorbide diesters (IDEAS, 4% isosorbide dicaprylate and 4% isosorbide disunflowerseedate) along with 0.1% colloidal oatmeal. The main outcomes of the study were changes in the visual analogue rating of itch and 75% improvement in the Eczema Area and Severity Index score (EASI 75) at 4 weeks. Other measures included the use of topical steroids and the relative abundance of skin Staphylococcus aureus. Results: Participants in the IDEAS group had a 65.6% improvement in itch compared with 43.8% in the vehicle group (P = 0.013). In total, 56.5% and 25% of the those in the IDEAS and vehicle groups, respectively, achieved EASI 75 at 4 weeks (P = 0.07). There was no difference in skin hydration or transepidermal water loss. The relative abundance of S. aureus was decreased in the IDEAS group at week 4 compared with no change in the vehicle group (P = 0.044). Topical corticosteroid use increased in the vehicle group compared with a decrease in the IDEAS group at week 1 (292.5% vs 24.8%; P value = 0.039) and week 2 (220% vs 46%; P value = 0.08). Conclusions: Topical application of emollients containing coconut oil- and sunflower seed oil-derived fatty esters may improve itch, reduce topical steroid use, and reduce the relative abundance of S. aureus in mild-to-moderate AD. CTR number: NCT04831892.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawnica Nadora
- From the Integrative Skin Science and Research, Sacramento, California, USA
- College of Medicine, California Northstate University, Elk Grove, California, USA
| | - Waqas Burney
- From the Integrative Skin Science and Research, Sacramento, California, USA
| | | | - Aidan Galati
- Pacific Skin Institute, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Mildred Min
- From the Integrative Skin Science and Research, Sacramento, California, USA
- College of Medicine, California Northstate University, Elk Grove, California, USA
| | - Sydney Fong
- From the Integrative Skin Science and Research, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Kenny Lo
- From the Integrative Skin Science and Research, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Cindy J Chambers
- From the Integrative Skin Science and Research, Sacramento, California, USA
- College of Medicine, California Northstate University, Elk Grove, California, USA
- Pacific Skin Institute, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Raja K Sivamani
- From the Integrative Skin Science and Research, Sacramento, California, USA
- College of Medicine, California Northstate University, Elk Grove, California, USA
- Pacific Skin Institute, Sacramento, California, USA
- Department of Dermatology, University of California-Davis, Sacramento, California, USA
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Cui J, Yang Z, Xu Y, Tan CP, Zhang W. Lipidomics insight on differences in lipid profiles and phytosterol compositions of coconut oils extracted by classical and green solvents. Food Res Int 2023; 174:113653. [PMID: 37981374 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.113653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
Searching for green and ecofriendly solvents to replace classical solvents for industrial scale extraction of coconut oil is of great interest. To explore these possibilities, this study performed comprehensive comparative analyses of lipid profiles and phytosterol compositions in coconut oils obtained by extraction with n-hexane, absolute ethyl alcohol, deep eutectic solvent/n-hexane, dimethyl carbonate (DME) and cyclopentyl methyl ether (CPME) using a foodomics approach. Results indicated that CPME (64.23 g/100 g dry matter) and DME (65.64 g/100 g dry matter) showed comparable capacity for total lipid extraction of total lipids to classical solvents (63.5-65.66 g/100 g dry matter). Considering the phytosterol yield, CPME (644.26 mg/kg) exhibited higher selectivity than other solvents (535.64-622.13 mg/kg). No significant difference was observed in the fatty acid composition of coconut oil by the different solvents assayed. Additionally, total 468 lipid molecules were identified in the samples. For glycerolipid and sphingolipid, the five solvents showed comparable extraction capabilities. However, CPME exhibited higher extraction efficiency of polar lipids (glycerophospholipid and saccharolipid) than other solvents. Overall, these results may be a useful guide for the application of green solvents in industrial production of coconut oil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingtao Cui
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Zihan Yang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Yongjiang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Chin-Ping Tan
- Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University Putra Malaysia, Selangor 410500, Malaysia
| | - Weimin Zhang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China.
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15
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Kanprakobkit W, Wichai U, Bunyapraphatsara N, Kielar F. Isolation of Fatty Acids from the Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Capsaicinoids and Their Use in Enzymatic Acidolysis of Coconut Oil. J Oleo Sci 2023; 72:1097-1111. [PMID: 37989304 DOI: 10.5650/jos.ess23112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Herein we report the optimization of enzymatic hydrolysis of a mixture of capsaicinoids, capsaicin and dihydrocapsaicin obtained from chili peppers, and the utilization of the isolated fatty acids for the modification of coconut oil using enzyme catalyzed acidolysis. This work was carried out as the fatty acids that can be isolated from capsaicinoid hydrolysis have been shown to possess interesting biological properties. These biological properties could be better exploited by incorporating the fatty acids into a suitable delivery vehicle. The enzymatic hydrolysis of the mixture of capsaicin and dihydrocapsaicin was carried out using Novozym® 435 in phosphate buffer (pH 7.0) at 50℃. The enzyme catalyst could be reused in multiple cycles of the hydrolysis reaction. The desired 8-methyl-6-trans-nonenoic acid and 8-methylnonanoic acid were isolated from the hydrolysis reaction mixture using a simple extraction procedure with a 47.8% yield. This was carried out by first extracting the reaction mixture at pH 10 with ethyl acetate to remove any dissolved capsaicinoids and vanillyl amine side product. The fatty acids were isolated after adjustment of the pH of the reaction mixture to 5 and second extraction with ethyl acetate. The acidolysis of coconut oil with the obtained fatty acids was performed using Lipozyme® TL IM. The performance of the acidolysis reaction was evaluated using 1H-NMR spectroscopy and verified in selected cases using gas chromatography. The best performing conditions involved carrying out the acidolysis reaction at 60℃ with a 1.2 w/w ratio of the fatty acids to coconut oil and 10% enzyme loading for 72 h. This resulted in the incorporation of 26.61% and 9.86% of 8-methyl-6-trans-nonenoic acid and 8-methylnonanoic acid, respectively, into the modified coconut oil product. This product can act as a potential delivery vehicle for these interesting compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Winranath Kanprakobkit
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence in Biomaterials, Faculty of Science, Naresuan University
| | - Uthai Wichai
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence in Biomaterials, Faculty of Science, Naresuan University
| | | | - Filip Kielar
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence in Biomaterials, Faculty of Science, Naresuan University
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McCourt AF, Mulrooney SL, O’Neill GJ, O’Riordan ED, O’Sullivan AM. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D response to vitamin D supplementation using different lipid delivery systems in middle-aged and older adults: a randomised controlled trial. Br J Nutr 2023; 130:1548-1557. [PMID: 36912075 PMCID: PMC10551469 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114523000636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
Abstract
Food fortification improves vitamin D intakes but is not yet mandated in many countries. Combining vitamin D with different dietary lipids altered vitamin D absorption in in vitro and postprandial studies. This randomised, placebo-controlled trial examined the effect of the lipid composition of a vitamin D-fortified dairy drink on change in 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentrations. Sixty-three healthy adults aged 50+ years were randomised to one of the following for 4 weeks: vitamin D-fortified olive oil dairy drink, vitamin D-fortified coconut oil dairy drink, vitamin D supplement or placebo control dairy drink. All vitamin D groups received 20 µg of vitamin D3 daily. Serum was collected at baseline and post-intervention to measure 25(OH)D concentrations and biomarkers of metabolic health. Repeated-measures general linear model ANCOVA (RM GLM ANCOVA) compared changes over time. There was a significant time × treatment interaction effect on 25(OH)D concentrations for those classified as vitamin D-insufficient (P < 0·001) and -sufficient at baseline (P = 0·004). 25(OH)D concentrations increased significantly for all insufficient participants receiving vitamin D3 in any form. However, for vitamin D-sufficient participants at baseline, 25(OH)D concentrations only increased significantly with the coconut oil dairy drink and supplement. There was no effect of vitamin D on biomarkers of metabolic health. Vitamin D fortification of lipid-containing foods may be used in lieu of supplementation when supplement adherence is low or for individuals with dysphagia. These results are important given the recent recommendation to increase vitamin D intakes to 15-20 µg for older adults in Ireland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aislinn F. McCourt
- UCD Institute of Food and Health, University College Dublin (UCD), Dublin, Republic of Ireland
| | - Steven L. Mulrooney
- UCD Institute of Food and Health, University College Dublin (UCD), Dublin, Republic of Ireland
| | - Graham J. O’Neill
- TUD School of Food Science and Environmental Health, Technological University Dublin (TUD), Dublin, Republic of Ireland
| | - E. Dolores O’Riordan
- UCD Institute of Food and Health, University College Dublin (UCD), Dublin, Republic of Ireland
| | - Aifric M. O’Sullivan
- UCD Institute of Food and Health, University College Dublin (UCD), Dublin, Republic of Ireland
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Abreu JD, Silva SDO, Amorim AA, José Soares E, Geng-Vivanco R, Arruda CNFD, Pires-de-Souza FDCP. Incorporation of bioactive glass-ceramic into coconut oil for remineralization of incipient carious lesions. Braz Dent J 2023; 34:82-90. [PMID: 38133095 PMCID: PMC10742351 DOI: 10.1590/0103-6440202305636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated the efficacy of incorporating different concentrations of bioactive glass-ceramic (Biosilicate) into coconut oil on the remineralizing potential and surface roughness of white spot lesions. Fragments (6 x 6 x 2mm) of bovine teeth were sectioned and initial microhardness (KHN) and surface roughness (Ra) readings were obtained. The samples were submitted to cariogenic challenge to form white spot lesions and were separated into six groups (n=13): 1) Artificial Saliva (AS); 2) Coconut Oil (CO); 3) CO+2% Biosilicate (CO+2%Bio); 4) CO+5% Biosilicate (CO+5%Bio); 5) 2% Biosilicate Suspension (2% Bio) and 6) 5% Biosilicate Suspension (5% Bio). The treatments for 1 cycle/day were: immersion into the treatments for 5 minutes, rinsing in distilled water, and storage in artificial saliva at 37ºC. After 14 days, KHN and Ra readings were taken. The surface roughness alteration ((Ra) was analyzed (Kruskal-Wallis, Dunn's post-test, p<0.05). CO+2%Bio had higher (p = 0.0013) (Ra followed by CO+5%Bio (p = 0.0244) than AS. The relative KHN and remineralization potential were analyzed (ANOVA, Tukey, p<0.05), and 5% Bio treatment presented a higher relative microhardness than all other groups (p>0.05). The remineralizing potential of all the treatments was similar (p > .05). When Biosilicate was added, the pH of the suspensions increased and the alkaline pH remained during the analysis. Biosilicate suspension is more efficient than the incorporation of particles into coconut oil at white spot lesion treatment. In addition to the benefits that coconut oil and Biosilicate present separately, their association can enhance the remineralizing potential of Biosilicate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Dantas Abreu
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Ribeirão Preto School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, 14040-904 Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Stéphanie de Oliveira Silva
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Ribeirão Preto School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, 14040-904 Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Ayodele Alves Amorim
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Ribeirão Preto School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, 14040-904 Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Eduardo José Soares
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Ribeirão Preto School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, 14040-904 Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Rocio Geng-Vivanco
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Ribeirão Preto School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, 14040-904 Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
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El Naggar HM, Mohammed BO, Aboushousha T, Abdelmaksoud HF. Study on the Therapeutic Effect of Coconut Oil Extracts as An Alternative Medicinal Plant in Cryptosporidium Infected Mice. Turkiye Parazitol Derg 2023; 47:136-143. [PMID: 37724361 DOI: 10.4274/tpd.galenos.2023.22932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Cryptosporidiosis caused by Cryptosporidium sp. is a globally spreading disease. Nowadays, new researches are moving towards an effective treatment without side effects, especially for young and immune-compromised patients. The current study was designed to evaluate the therapeutic effect of the coconut oil extracts as an alternative medicinal plant in Cryptosporidium infected immunocompromised mice. METHODS Sixty white albino mice were classified into six groups; Group I: Infected with Cryptosporidium oocysts treated with Nitazoxanide, Group II: Infected with Cryptosporidium oocysts and treated with coconut water extract, Group III: Infected with Cryptosporidium oocysts and treated with coconut Hexan extract, Group IV: Infected with Cryptosporidium oocysts and treated with coconut ethanol extract, Group V: Positive control, Group VI: Negative control. Stool samples were collected and examined; histopathological and immune-histochemical assessment using anti caspase-3 and anti CDX2 monoclonal antibodies were performed. RESULTS Coconut oil extracts results revealed a significant decrease of oocyst count, correlated with an amelioration of histopathological and confirmed by immunohistochemical changes in ileal tissue. CONCLUSION The present study has opened fresh avenues for development of natural therapy like coconut oil extracts, which have a potential therapeutic efficacy against Cryptosporidiosis. That was confirmed by different methodologies, parasitological examination, histopathological examination, and immunohistochemical assays. It paves the way for being a promising anti-parasitic agent for infection eradication. However, further studies are still required to gain more knowledge about different coconut extracts in order to reach the best treatment efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heba M El Naggar
- Department of Medical Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Basant O Mohammed
- Department of Medical Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Tarek Aboushousha
- Department of Pathology, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Giza, Egypt
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Tian M, Bai Y, Tian H, Zhao X. The Chemical Composition and Health-Promoting Benefits of Vegetable Oils-A Review. Molecules 2023; 28:6393. [PMID: 37687222 PMCID: PMC10489903 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28176393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
With population and economic development increasing worldwide, the public is increasingly concerned with the health benefits and nutritional properties of vegetable oils (VOs). In this review, the chemical composition and health-promoting benefits of 39 kinds of VOs were selected and summarized using Web of Science TM as the main bibliographic databases. The characteristic chemical compositions were analyzed from fatty acid composition, tocols, phytosterols, squalene, carotenoids, phenolics, and phospholipids. Health benefits including antioxidant activity, prevention of cardiovascular disease (CVD), anti-inflammatory, anti-obesity, anti-cancer, diabetes treatment, and kidney and liver protection were examined according to the key components in representative VOs. Every type of vegetable oil has shown its own unique chemical composition with significant variation in each key component and thereby illustrated their own specific advantages and health effects. Therefore, different types of VOs can be selected to meet individual needs accordingly. For example, to prevent CVD, more unsaturated fatty acids and phytosterols should be supplied by consuming pomegranate seed oil, flaxseed oil, or rice bran oil, while coconut oil or perilla seed oil have higher contents of total phenolics and might be better choices for diabetics. Several oils such as olive oil, corn oil, cress oil, and rice bran oil were recommended for their abundant nutritional ingredients, but the intake of only one type of vegetable oil might have drawbacks. This review increases the comprehensive understanding of the correlation between health effects and the characteristic composition of VOs, and provides future trends towards their utilization for the general public's nutrition, balanced diet, and as a reference for disease prevention. Nevertheless, some VOs are in the early stages of research and lack enough reliable data and long-term or large consumption information of the effect on the human body, therefore further investigations will be needed for their health benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingke Tian
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Flavor Chemistry, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Yuchen Bai
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Flavor Chemistry, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Hongyu Tian
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Flavor Chemistry, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Xuebing Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biocatalysis, Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China;
- Institute of Applied Chemistry, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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Jeyakumar SM, Damayanti K, Rajkumar Ponday L, Acharya V, Koppala SR, Putcha UK, Nagalla B, Vajreswari A. Assessment of virgin coconut oil in a balanced diet on indicators of cardiovascular health in non-obese volunteers: A human metabolic study. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2023; 17:102844. [PMID: 37591045 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2023.102844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Consumption of coconut oil is implicated in cardiovascular disease risk. On the contrary, virgin coconut oil (VCO) is believed to offer better health benefits, however, the evidence to support such claims is lacking, particularly in humans. Therefore, this study aimed at assessing the impact of VCO in a balanced diet on HDL-C and some of the anthropometric and biochemical parameters associated with human cardiovascular health before and after the feeding experiment. METHODS In a crossover observational study, apparently healthy non-obese male volunteers (n = 22) aged between 28 and 50years with a mean body weight of 67.5 kg were inducted into a two-arm controlled feeding experiment one after another for eight weeks with a six-week washout period. In the first arm, the diets were prepared with VCO, whereas peanut oil was used in the second arm (∼35g/day) as the control. RESULTS Compared to baseline, the consumption of VCO did not affect HDL-C and anthropometric measures at the end of the 8th week, whereas plasma total cholesterol (TC) and LDL-C levels (Means±standard error; 172 ± 5.6 mg/dL versus 186 ± 5.9 mg/dL and 113 ± 4.29 mg/dL versus 126 ± 4.17 mg/dL respectively) increased significantly. However, plasma triglycerides and some of the cardiovascular risk markers (namely, vascular cell-adhesion molecules, serum amyloid proteins and C-reactive protein) remained unaltered. Further, most of the changes in the VCO arm were comparable to the peanut oil regimen. CONCLUSION The consumption of VCO in a balanced diet displayed neutral effects on most parameters related to cardiovascular risk. However, the rise in TC and LDL-C must be tested in a larger sample size over longer periods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanmugam Murugaiha Jeyakumar
- Lipid Biochemistry Division, ICMR-National Institute of Nutrition, Jamai Osmania, Hyderabad, 500 007, Telangana, India
| | - Korrapati Damayanti
- Publication, Extension and Training Division, ICMR-National Institute of Nutrition, Jamai Osmania, Hyderabad, 500 007, Telangana, India
| | - Laxmi Rajkumar Ponday
- Lipid Biochemistry Division, ICMR-National Institute of Nutrition, Jamai Osmania, Hyderabad, 500 007, Telangana, India
| | - Vani Acharya
- Lipid Biochemistry Division, ICMR-National Institute of Nutrition, Jamai Osmania, Hyderabad, 500 007, Telangana, India
| | - Swarupa Rani Koppala
- Lipid Biochemistry Division, ICMR-National Institute of Nutrition, Jamai Osmania, Hyderabad, 500 007, Telangana, India
| | - Uday Kumar Putcha
- Pathology Division, ICMR-National Institute of Nutrition, Jamai Osmania, Hyderabad, 500 007, Telangana, India
| | - Balakrishna Nagalla
- Statistics Division, ICMR-National Institute of Nutrition, Jamai Osmania, Hyderabad, 500 007, Telangana, India
| | - Ayyalasomayajula Vajreswari
- Lipid Biochemistry Division, ICMR-National Institute of Nutrition, Jamai Osmania, Hyderabad, 500 007, Telangana, India.
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Elewa MS, Abou-Kassem DE, El-Hindawy MM, Madkour M, Elsharkawy MS, Afifi M, Alagawany M. Effect of coconut oil on growth performance, carcass criteria, liver and kidney functions, antioxidants and immunity, and lipid profile of broilers. Sci Rep 2023; 13:13974. [PMID: 37633956 PMCID: PMC10460415 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-41018-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study is to evaluate the beneficial effects of coconut essential oil on growth performance, carcass criteria, antioxidant status, and immune response of broiler chicks. A total of 192 un-sexed 7-days broiler chicks were divided into six treatment sets with four copies of 8 chicks per set. The groups were as follows: (1) basal diet (without additive), (2) basal diet plus 0.5 ml coconut essential oil/kg, (3) basal diet plus 1 ml coconut essential oil/kg, (4) basal diet plus 1.5 ml coconut essential oil/kg, (5) basal diet plus 2 ml coconut essential oil/kg and (6) basal diet plus 2.5 ml coconut essential oil/kg. The results showed that the most prevalent compound in coconut oil is 6-Octadecenoic acid (oleic acid) representing 46.44% followed 2(3H)-Furanone, dihydro-5-pentyl- (CAS) (11.36%), Hexadecanoic acid (CAS) (4.71%), and vanillin (2.53%). Dietary 1 and 1.5 ml of coconut oil improved significantly the body weight and gain of broiler chickens. Dietary supplementation of 1 ml of coconut oil improved significantly liver function compared to control and other treatment groups. The supplementation with 1 ml coconut oil significantly reduced TG and VLDL compared to control and other treatment groups, while no significant differences in TC, HDL, and LDL due to dietary coconut oil. The present findings showed that dietary coconut oil with 1 and 1.5 ml/kg feed improved significantly antioxidants status through increased antioxidant enzymes like SOD and GSH while decreasing significantly MDA levels compared to control and other treatment groups. Therefore, it was concluded that the diets of broiler chickens could be fortified with coconut oil with 1 or 1.5 ml to improve the growth, feed utilization, and antioxidant status of broiler chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed S Elewa
- Poultry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44511, Egypt
| | - Diaa E Abou-Kassem
- Animal Production Department, Faculty of Technology and Development, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44511, Egypt
| | - Mohamed M El-Hindawy
- Poultry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44511, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud Madkour
- Animal Production Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, 12622, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed S Elsharkawy
- Animal Production Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, 12622, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Afifi
- Department of Biochemistry Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud Alagawany
- Poultry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44511, Egypt.
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Suwanklang P, Thilavech T, Limwikrant W, Kitphati W, Supharattanasitthi W, Lomarat P. Analysis of Lutein Content in Microencapsulated Marigold Flower Extract ( Tagetes erecta L.) Using UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap-HRMS and Its Cytotoxicity in ARPE-19 Cells. Molecules 2023; 28:6025. [PMID: 37630277 PMCID: PMC10460044 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28166025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Organic solvents are commonly used to extract lutein. However, they are toxic and are not environmental-friendly. There are only a few reports on the quantification of lutein. Therefore, this study aimed to determine a suitable extraction method by which to obtain lutein from marigold flower (Tagetes erecta L.), using coconut oil to evaluate the cytotoxicity of extract in ARPE-19 cells, to optimize the encapsulation process for the development of microencapsulated marigold flower extract, and to develop the method for analysis of lutein by using UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap-HRMS. Coconut oil was used for the extraction of marigold flowers with two different extraction methods: ultrasonication and microwave-assisted extraction. The UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap-HRMS condition for the analysis of lutein was successfully developed and validated. Marigold flower extract obtained using the microwave method had the highest lutein content of 27.22 ± 1.17 mg/g. A cytotoxicity study revealed that 16 µM of lutein from marigold extract was non-toxic to ARPE-19 cells. For the development of microencapsulated marigold extract, the ratio of oil to wall at 1:5 had the highest encapsulation efficiency and the highest lutein content. Extraction of lutein using coconut oil and the microwave method was the suitable method. The microencapsulated marigold extract can be applied for the development of functional ingredients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pornson Suwanklang
- Department of Food Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand; (P.S.); (T.T.)
| | - Thavaree Thilavech
- Department of Food Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand; (P.S.); (T.T.)
| | - Waree Limwikrant
- Department of Manufacturing Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand;
| | - Worawan Kitphati
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand; (W.K.); (W.S.)
- Centre of Biopharmaceutical Science for Healthy Ageing, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
- Mahidol-Liverpool Joint Unit for Ageing Research, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Wasu Supharattanasitthi
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand; (W.K.); (W.S.)
- Centre of Biopharmaceutical Science for Healthy Ageing, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
- Mahidol-Liverpool Joint Unit for Ageing Research, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Pattamapan Lomarat
- Department of Food Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand; (P.S.); (T.T.)
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Silva AAD, Pérez EMDS, Figueiredo ISTD, Alencar NMND, Alves APNN, Fernandes FAN, Vasconcelos RP, Oliveira ACD, Gaban SVF. Effect of virgin coconut oil on body weight, white fat depots, and biochemical and morphological parameters in mice fed standard or high-fat diets. Food Funct 2023; 14:6853-6863. [PMID: 37417892 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo01447a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of virgin coconut oil (VCO) on body weight, white fat depots, and biochemical and morphological parameters in male Swiss mice fed standard (SD) or high-fat (HFD) diets. Thirty-three adult animals were assigned to one of four groups, as follows: SD, SD plus VCO (SDCO), HFD, and HFD plus VCO (HFDCO). VCO had no effects on the Lee index, subcutaneous fat, periepididymal fat, retroperitoneal fat, area under the curve for glucose, or pancreas weight, all of which were increased by HFD. Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol increased in the SDCO group compared with the SD group and decreased in the HFDCO group compared with the HFD group. VCO increased total cholesterol only in the SDCO group compared with the SD group, with no differences between the HFD and HFDCO groups. In conclusion, low-dose VCO supplementation did not improve obesity, had no effects on hepatic or renal function, and had beneficial effects on the lipid profile only in animals fed HFD.
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Spiazzi BF, Duarte AC, Zingano CP, Teixeira PP, Amazarray CR, Merello EN, Wayerbacher LF, Farenzena LP, Correia PE, Bertoluci MC, Gerchman F, Colpani V. Coconut oil: an overview of cardiometabolic effects and the public health burden of misinformation. Arch Endocrinol Metab 2023; 67:e000641. [PMID: 37364144 PMCID: PMC10660992 DOI: 10.20945/2359-3997000000641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Recent data from meta-analyses of randomized clinical trials (RCTs) suggest that dietary intake of coconut oil, rich in saturated fatty acids, does not result in cardiometabolic benefits, nor in improvements in anthropometric, lipid, glycemic, and subclinical inflammation parameters. Nevertheless, its consumption has surged in recent years all over the world, a phenomenon which can possibly be explained by an increasing belief among health professionals that this oil is as healthy as, or perhaps even healthier than, other oils, in addition to social network misinformation spread. The objective of this review is to present nutritional and epidemiological aspects related to coconut oil, its relationship with metabolic and cardiovascular health, as well as possible hypotheses to explain its high rate of consumption, in spite of the most recent data regarding its actual effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernardo Frison Spiazzi
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Médicas: Endocrinologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
- Departamento de Medicina Interna, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
| | - Ana Cláudia Duarte
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Médicas: Endocrinologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
| | - Carolina Pires Zingano
- Departamento de Medicina Interna, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
- Divisão de Endocrinologia e Metabologia, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
| | - Paula Portal Teixeira
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Médicas: Endocrinologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
| | - Carmen Raya Amazarray
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Médicas: Endocrinologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
| | - Eduarda Nunes Merello
- Departamento de Medicina Interna, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
| | - Laura Fink Wayerbacher
- Departamento de Medicina Interna, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
| | - Laura Penso Farenzena
- Departamento de Medicina Interna, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
| | - Poliana Espíndola Correia
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Médicas: Endocrinologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
| | - Marcello Casaccia Bertoluci
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Médicas: Endocrinologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
- Departamento de Medicina Interna, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
- Divisão de Endocrinologia e Metabologia, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
| | - Fernando Gerchman
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Médicas: Endocrinologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
- Departamento de Medicina Interna, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
- Divisão de Endocrinologia e Metabologia, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
| | - Verônica Colpani
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Médicas: Endocrinologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil,
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25
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Sai S, Nivedha RT, Narasimhan S, Veronica AK, Selvakumar J, Susila AV. Customised enriched coconut oil as panacea for oral biofilm mediated diseases - A prospective study. Indian J Dent Res 2023; 34:159-163. [PMID: 37787204 DOI: 10.4103/ijdr.ijdr_955_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Aims To evaluate a customised enriched formulation of coconut (CEC) oil with Arimedadi Tailam (AT) and 0.2% chlorhexidine mouth rinse (CHX) for their plaque control and potential anticaries effects using the oratest in healthy volunteers. Settings and Design Parallel, double-blinded (outcome assessor and statistician), randomised controlled institution-based pilot study. Methods and Materials 60 adults (18-22 years) having DMFT score of 2-11, gingival and plaque index as zero, no history of antibiotics for one month or fluoride application in 2 weeks were randomly divided (computer-generated list) and allocated into 3 groups (A-CHX, B-CEC, C-AT) of 20 subjects each based on the intervention. Oratest at baseline, days 15 and 30 were recorded. Statistical Analysis Used Due to 5 dropouts on day 30, data were analysed based on the intention-to-treat (ITT) approach. The difference in oratest scores (baseline vs. day 15 and 30) were found to be normally distributed (Shapiro-Wilk test and Levene's test). One way ANOVA followed by Tukey's post hoc test was used to determine the statistically significant difference (P < 0.05) between groups. Results Plaque and gingival index was zero throughout the study period. Difference in oratest scores was highest with CEC oil, followed by CHX and AT though there was no statistically significant differences between groups at baseline vs day 15 (P = 0.203) and baseline vs day 30 (P = 0.085) and between oils from baseline vs day 30 (P = 0.068). Conclusions Within the limitations of the pilot study, both oils are comparable to CHX for their antiplaque and anticaries potential. Clinically, CEC was better than AT though statistical difference was not there.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shamini Sai
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Madha Dental College and Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Raga T Nivedha
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Madha Dental College and Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Srinivasan Narasimhan
- Department of Endodontics, Hamad Dental Center, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Aruna K Veronica
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Madha Dental College and Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Jayaraman Selvakumar
- Department of Periodontics, Adhiparashakthi Dental College and Hospital, Melmaruvathur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Anand V Susila
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Madha Dental College and Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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Darie-Niță RN, Irimia A, Doroftei F, Stefan LM, Iwanczuk A, Trusz A. Bioactive and Physico-Chemical Assessment of Innovative Poly(lactic acid)-Based Biocomposites Containing Sage, Coconut Oil, and Modified Nanoclay. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043646. [PMID: 36835080 PMCID: PMC9962215 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The bioactivity of the versatile biodegradable biopolymer poly(lactic acid) (PLA) can be obtained by combining it with natural or synthetic compounds. This paper deals with the preparation of bioactive formulations involving the melt processing of PLA loaded with a medicinal plant (sage) and an edible oil (coconut oil), together with an organomodifed montmorillonite nanoclay, and an assessment of the resulting structural, surface, morphological, mechanical, and biological properties of the biocomposites. By modulating the components, the prepared biocomposites show flexibility, both antioxidant and antimicrobial activity, as well as a high degree of cytocompatibility, being capable to induce the cell adherence and proliferation on their surface. Overall, the obtained results suggest that the developed PLA-based biocomposites could potentially be used as bioactive materials in medical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raluca Nicoleta Darie-Niță
- “Petru Poni” Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, 41A Gr. Ghica Voda Alley, 700487 Iasi, Romania
- Correspondence:
| | - Anamaria Irimia
- “Petru Poni” Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, 41A Gr. Ghica Voda Alley, 700487 Iasi, Romania
| | - Florica Doroftei
- “Petru Poni” Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, 41A Gr. Ghica Voda Alley, 700487 Iasi, Romania
| | - Laura Mihaela Stefan
- National Institute of Research and Development for Biological Sciences, 296 Splaiul Independentei, 060031 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Andrzej Iwanczuk
- Faculty of Environmental Engineering, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeze Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Trusz
- Faculty of Environmental Engineering, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeze Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland
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Setyawati A, Sangkala MS, Malasari S, Jafar N, Sjattar EL, Syahrul S, Rasyid H. Virgin Coconut Oil: A Dietary Intervention for Dyslipidaemia in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15030564. [PMID: 36771272 PMCID: PMC9920521 DOI: 10.3390/nu15030564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyperlipidaemia is causally related to coronary artery diseases (CAD) and peripheral artery diseases (PAD) in people with Diabetes Mellitus (DM). An in vivo study confirmed that virgin coconut oil (VCO) could maintain levels of lipids in the blood as effectively as conventional therapy. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the effect of VCO on the lipid profiles and ankle-brachial index (ABI) of patients with DM. In this experimental study with pre- and post-test design and a control group, the participants were selected purposively. The ABI was evaluated on the first visit. Baseline lipid profile readings were taken. Each participant took 1.2 mL/kgBW of VCO daily and divided it into three doses. After 30 days of taking VCO, laboratory examinations and ABI were repeated, and adverse events were evaluated. The dependent t-test and Wilcoxon sign rank test with a significance level of α ≤ 0.05 showed a significant decrease in low-density lipoprotein (LDL) (p = 0.002), a significant increase in high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels (p = 0.031), a significant decrease in energy intake (p = 0.046) and cholesterol intake (p = 0.023) at the endpoint in the VCO group. In conclusion, this therapy is beneficial for maintaining lipid profile when combined with dietary therapy. Future studies should investigate the duration and dosage of VCO on patients to maintain lipid-linked protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andina Setyawati
- Lecturer of Medical and Surgical Nursing Department of Nursing Faculty, Universitas Hasanuddin, Makassar 90245, Indonesia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +62-8121521639
| | - Moh Syafar Sangkala
- Lecturer of Medical and Surgical Nursing Department of Nursing Faculty, Universitas Hasanuddin, Makassar 90245, Indonesia
| | - Silvia Malasari
- Lecturer of Community, Family, and Gerontology Nursing Department of Nursing Faculty, Universitas Hasanuddin, Makassar 90245, Indonesia
| | - Nuurhidayat Jafar
- Lecturer of Community, Family, and Gerontology Nursing Department of Nursing Faculty, Universitas Hasanuddin, Makassar 90245, Indonesia
| | - Elly L Sjattar
- Lecturer of Medical and Surgical Nursing Department of Nursing Faculty, Universitas Hasanuddin, Makassar 90245, Indonesia
| | - Syahrul Syahrul
- Lecturer of Community, Family, and Gerontology Nursing Department of Nursing Faculty, Universitas Hasanuddin, Makassar 90245, Indonesia
| | - Haerani Rasyid
- Lecturer of Medicine Faculty, Universitas Hasanuddin, Makassar 90245, Indonesia
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28
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Li J, Zhai J, Chang C, Yang Y, Drummond CJ, Conn CE. Protective effect of surfactant modified phytosterol oleogels on loaded curcumin. J Sci Food Agric 2023; 103:135-142. [PMID: 35833377 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.12122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oleogels represent one of the most important carriers for the delivery of lipophilic nutraceuticals. Phytosterols (PS), plant-derived natural sterol compounds, are preferred for oleogel preparation due to their self-assembly properties and health function. However, the relationship between the physical properties of PS-based oleogels and the chemical stability of loaded bioactive compounds is still unclear. RESULTS The influence of lecithin (LC) and glycerol monostearate (GMS) on the physical properties of PS-based oleogels made of liquid coconut oil and the stability of curcumin as a model bioactive loaded in the oleogels was investigated. Results showed that the flow consistency index was much higher for GMS-containing oleogels than that for LC-containing oleogels. The optical microscopy and X-ray scattering analysis showed that the addition of GMS in the PS oleogels promoted the formation of a crystal mixture with different crystal polymorph structures, whereas LC addition promoted the formation of needle-like crystals of PS. Using curcumin as a model lipophilic nutraceutical, the GMS-enriched PS oleogels with high crystallinity and flow consistency index exhibited a good retention ratio and scavenging activity of the loaded curcumin when stored at room temperature. CONCLUSION This study shows that enhancing the firmness of oleogels made from PS and liquid coconut oil is beneficial to the retention and chemical stability of a loaded bioactive (curcumin). The findings of the study will boost the development of PS-based oleogel formulations for lipophilic nutraceutical delivery. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhua Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, P. R. China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, P. R. China
| | - Jiali Zhai
- School of Science, STEM College, RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Cuihua Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, P. R. China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, P. R. China
| | - Yanjun Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, P. R. China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, P. R. China
| | - Calum J Drummond
- School of Science, STEM College, RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Charlotte E Conn
- School of Science, STEM College, RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia
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29
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Sui K, Yasrebi A, Longoria CR, MacDonell AT, Jaffri ZH, Martinez SA, Fisher SE, Malonza N, Jung K, Tveter KM, Wiersielis KR, Uzumcu M, Shapses SA, Campbell SC, Roepke TA, Roopchand DE. Coconut Oil Saturated Fatty Acids Improved Energy Homeostasis but not Blood Pressure or Cognition in VCD-Treated Female Mice. Endocrinology 2023; 164:bqad001. [PMID: 36626144 PMCID: PMC11009791 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqad001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Obesity, cardiometabolic disease, cognitive decline, and osteoporosis are symptoms of postmenopause, which can be modeled using 4-vinylcyclohexene diepoxide (VCD)-treated mice to induce ovarian failure and estrogen deficiency combined with high-fat diet (HFD) feeding. The trend of replacing saturated fatty acids (SFAs), for example coconut oil, with seed oils that are high in polyunsaturated fatty acids, specifically linoleic acid (LA), may induce inflammation and gut dysbiosis, and worsen symptoms of estrogen deficiency. To investigate this hypothesis, vehicle (Veh)- or VCD-treated C57BL/6J mice were fed a HFD (45% kcal fat) with a high LA:SFA ratio (22.5%: 8%), referred to as the 22.5% LA diet, or a HFD with a low LA:SFA ratio (1%: 31%), referred to as 1% LA diet, for a period of 23 to 25 weeks. Compared with VCD-treated mice fed the 22.5% LA diet, VCD-treated mice fed the 1% LA diet showed lower weight gain and improved glucose tolerance. However, VCD-treated mice fed the 1% LA diet had higher blood pressure and showed evidence of spatial cognitive impairment. Mice fed the 1% LA or 22.5% LA diets showed gut microbial taxa changes that have been associated with a mix of both beneficial and unfavorable cognitive and metabolic phenotypes. Overall, these data suggest that consuming different types of dietary fat from a variety of sources, without overemphasis on any particular type, is the optimal approach for promoting metabolic health regardless of estrogen status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Sui
- Department of Food Science, NJ Institute for Food Nutrition and Health (Rutgers Center for Lipid Research and Center for Nutrition Microbiome and Health), Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Ali Yasrebi
- Department of Animal Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
- NJ Institute for Food Nutrition and Health (Rutgers Center for Lipid Research, Center for Human Nutrition, Exercise and Metabolism Center, and Center for Nutrition Microbiome and Health), Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Candace R Longoria
- Department of Kinesiology and Applied Physiology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
- NJ Institute for Food Nutrition and Health (Rutgers Center for Lipid Research, Center for Human Nutrition, Exercise and Metabolism Center, and Center for Nutrition Microbiome and Health), Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Avery T MacDonell
- Department of Food Science, NJ Institute for Food Nutrition and Health (Rutgers Center for Lipid Research and Center for Nutrition Microbiome and Health), Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Zehra H Jaffri
- Department of Food Science, NJ Institute for Food Nutrition and Health (Rutgers Center for Lipid Research and Center for Nutrition Microbiome and Health), Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Savannah A Martinez
- Department of Food Science, NJ Institute for Food Nutrition and Health (Rutgers Center for Lipid Research and Center for Nutrition Microbiome and Health), Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Samuel E Fisher
- Department of Animal Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Natasha Malonza
- Department of Kinesiology and Applied Physiology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
- NJ Institute for Food Nutrition and Health (Rutgers Center for Lipid Research, Center for Human Nutrition, Exercise and Metabolism Center, and Center for Nutrition Microbiome and Health), Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Katie Jung
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Kevin M Tveter
- Department of Food Science, NJ Institute for Food Nutrition and Health (Rutgers Center for Lipid Research and Center for Nutrition Microbiome and Health), Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Kimberly R Wiersielis
- Department of Animal Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
- NJ Institute for Food Nutrition and Health (Rutgers Center for Lipid Research, Center for Human Nutrition, Exercise and Metabolism Center, and Center for Nutrition Microbiome and Health), Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Mehmet Uzumcu
- Department of Animal Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Sue A Shapses
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
- NJ Institute for Food Nutrition and Health (Rutgers Center for Lipid Research, Center for Human Nutrition, Exercise and Metabolism Center, and Center for Nutrition Microbiome and Health), Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Sara C Campbell
- Department of Kinesiology and Applied Physiology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
- NJ Institute for Food Nutrition and Health (Rutgers Center for Lipid Research, Center for Human Nutrition, Exercise and Metabolism Center, and Center for Nutrition Microbiome and Health), Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Troy A Roepke
- Department of Animal Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
- NJ Institute for Food Nutrition and Health (Rutgers Center for Lipid Research, Center for Human Nutrition, Exercise and Metabolism Center, and Center for Nutrition Microbiome and Health), Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Diana E Roopchand
- Department of Food Science, NJ Institute for Food Nutrition and Health (Rutgers Center for Lipid Research and Center for Nutrition Microbiome and Health), Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
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30
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Sharmmah D, Manuel J. Extraction of methylene blue from aqueous solution by pickering emulsion liquid membrane using cellulose as eco-friendly emulsifier: optimization and modeling studies. Water Sci Technol 2023; 87:174-192. [PMID: 36640031 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2022.405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
In the present investigation cellulose, a naturally occurring biopolymer, was used as an eco-friendly emulsifier for the removal of methylene blue (MB) from simulated wastewater using emulsion liquid membrane. Coconut oil, a green diluent, was used as an organic phase in preparing a pickering emulsion liquid membrane (PELM) the extraction of dye. The PELM was prepared by loading with aliquat 336 as extractant, potassium hydroxide (KOH) as internal phase, and edible coconut oil as the diluent. The effect of the process parameters such as dye concentration, internal phase concentration, emulsifier concentration, organic phase to aqueous phase (O/A) ratio, stirring speed (RPM) were studied using Box-Behnken design and response surface method. The results showed that more than 92% of MB were successfully extracted around 120 min. Hence, it could be concluded that cellulose can be used as a promising emulsifying agent in the PELM preparation for the removal of MB from wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debosmita Sharmmah
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology Warangal, Warangal 506 004, Telangana State, India E-mail:
| | - Jerold Manuel
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology Warangal, Warangal 506 004, Telangana State, India E-mail:
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Fan L, Zhu X, Sun S, Yu C, Huang X, Ness R, Dugan LL, Shu L, Seidner DL, Murff HJ, Fodor AA, Azcarate-Peril MA, Shrubsole MJ, Dai Q. Ca:Mg ratio, medium-chain fatty acids, and the gut microbiome. Clin Nutr 2022; 41:2490-2499. [PMID: 36223712 PMCID: PMC9588659 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2022.08.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Ketogenic medium-chain fatty acids (MCFAs) with profound health benefits are commonly found in dairy products, palm kernel oil and coconut oil. We hypothesize that magnesium (Mg) supplementation leads to enhanced gut microbial production of MCFAs and, in turn, increased circulating MCFAs levels. METHODS We tested this hypothesis in the Personalized Prevention of Colorectal Cancer Trial (PPCCT) (NCT01105169), a double-blind 2 × 2 factorial randomized controlled trial enrolling 240 participants. Six 24-h dietary recalls were performed for all participants at the baseline and during the intervention period. Based on the baseline 24-h dietary recalls, the Mg treatment used a personalized dose of Mg supplementation that would reduce the calcium (Ca): Mg intake ratio to around 2.3. We measured plasma MCFAs, sugars, ketone bodies and tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA cycle) metabolites using the Metabolon's global Precision Metabolomics™ LC-MS platform. Whole-genome shotgun metagenomics (WGS) sequencing was performed to assess microbiota in stool samples, rectal swabs, and rectal biopsies. RESULTS Personalized Mg treatment (mean dose 205.58 mg/day with a range from 77.25 to 389.55 mg/day) significantly increased the plasma levels of C7:0, C8:0, and combined C7:0 and C8:0 by 18.45%, 25.28%, and 24.20%, respectively, compared to 14.15%, 10.12%, and 12.62% decreases in the placebo arm. The effects remain significant after adjusting for age, sex, race and baseline level (P = 0.0126, P = 0.0162, and P = 0.0031, respectively) and FDR correction at 0.05 (q = 0.0324 for both C7:0 and C8:0). Mg treatment significantly reduced the plasma level of sucrose compared to the placebo arm (P = 0.0036 for multivariable-adjusted and P = 0.0216 for additional FDR correction model) whereas alterations in daily intakes of sucrose, fructose, glucose, maltose and C8:0 from baseline to the end of trial did not differ between two arms. Mediation analysis showed that combined C7:0 and C8:0 partially mediated the effects of Mg treatment on total and individual ketone bodies (P for indirect effect = 0.0045, 0.0043, and 0.03, respectively). The changes in plasma levels of C7:0 and C8:0 were significantly and positively correlated with the alterations in stool microbiome α diversity (r = 0.51, p = 0.0023 and r = 0.34, p = 0.0497, respectively) as well as in stool abundance for the signatures of MCFAs-related microbiota with acyl-ACP thioesterase gene producing C7:0 (r = 0.46, p = 0.0067) and C8:0 (r = 0.49, p = 0.003), respectively, following Mg treatment. CONCLUSIONS Optimizing Ca:Mg intake ratios to around 2.3 through 12-week personalized Mg supplementation leads to increased circulating levels of MCFAs (i.e. C7:0 and C8:0), which is attributed to enhanced production from gut microbial fermentation and, maybe, sucrose consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Fan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Epidemiology, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Xiangzhu Zhu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Epidemiology, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Shan Sun
- Department of Bioinformatics and Genomics, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, USA
| | - Chang Yu
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Xiang Huang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Epidemiology, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Reid Ness
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Laura L Dugan
- Veterans Health Administration-Tennessee Valley Healthcare System Geriatric Research Education Clinical Center (GRECC), HSR&D Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA; Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA; Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Lihua Shu
- Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Douglas L Seidner
- Center for Human Nutrition, Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Digestive Disease and Surgical Institute, Cleveland Clinic, OH, USA
| | - Harvey J Murff
- Veterans Health Administration-Tennessee Valley Healthcare System Geriatric Research Education Clinical Center (GRECC), HSR&D Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA; Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Anthony A Fodor
- Department of Bioinformatics and Genomics, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, USA
| | - M Andrea Azcarate-Peril
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, and UNC Microbiome Core, Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Martha J Shrubsole
- Department of Medicine, Division of Epidemiology, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Qi Dai
- Department of Medicine, Division of Epidemiology, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
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Khezri MR, Varzandeh R, Ghasemnejad-Berenji M. Protective effects of metformin against aluminum phosphide-induced acute hepato-renal damage in rats: An experimental approach. Pestic Biochem Physiol 2022; 188:105258. [PMID: 36464363 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2022.105258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Phosphine (PH3), from hydrolysis of magnesium, zinc, and aluminum phosphide (AlP), is a rodenticide and insecticide which is used to avoid losses of the agriculture products. However, using of this agent may affect the human health, in a way that poisoning with AlP has a high rate of mortality and morbidities. This study determined the ameliorative effects of metformin (MET) on AlP-induced hepato- and nephro-toxicity in Wistar rats. Male rats were randomly divided into four experimental groups. Group I was the control group received coconut oil by oral gavage, group II was the model group received AlP (12 mg/kg) distributed in coconut oil by oral gavage, group III received MET (200 mg/kg; i.p.), and group IV received MET (200 mg/kg; i.p.) 30 min after intoxication. After 24 h, the serum, liver and kidney tissues were collected for histopathological and biochemical investigations. The levels of kidney function markers, blood urea nitrogen and creatinine, and liver function markers, ALP, AST and ALT, in the plasma were increased significantly followed by AlP intoxication. The results revealed that phosphine causes a significant enhancement of lipid peroxidation, while decreases the activity of superoxide dismutase in both liver and kidney tissues. Furthermore, phosphine significantly induced the up-regulation of TNF-α and phosphorylation of NF-κB in target tissues. Overall, treatment with MET abolished aforementioned alterations resulted by AlP intoxication. Furthermore, histological evaluation indicated a deleterious effect of AlP on the liver and kidney tissues along with marked increase in kidney and liver injury scores, which is mitigated by MET administration. According to our results, although metformin could not bring the changes to the level of the control group, it was indicated that this drug might possess a protective effect against AlP-induced hepato and nephrotoxicity by inhibiting inflammatory responses and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Reza Varzandeh
- Student Research Committee, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Morteza Ghasemnejad-Berenji
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran; Research Center for Experimental and Applied Pharmaceutical Sciences, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran.
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Abstract
There is a growing interest in non-dairy alternatives fueled by concerns about personal health and the health of the planet. Sales of non-dairy frozen desserts have increased along with other non-dairy alternatives such as plant-based beverages, cheeses, yogurts and creamers. The aim of this study was to conduct a cross-sectional survey of plant-based frozen desserts to determine their nutritional content. A total of 358 plant-based frozen desserts were analyzed from the nutrition label listed on the commercial container. The various products were based upon coconut (n = 126), oat milk (n = 63), almonds (n = 42), cashews (n = 25), soy (n = 11), macadamia milk (n = 9), olive oil (n = 8), faba bean (n = 8), canola oil (n = 8), rice milk (n = 6), sunflower milk (n = 6), avocado (n = 5), pea protein (n = 5) and various fruits, nuts and mixed blends (n = 36). While 90% of the frozen desserts had high sugar levels, 73% had high levels of saturated fat (due to the presence of coconut oil) and only one in four had high levels of fat. None of the products were fortified with calcium, vitamin D or B12, but one in six products had iron levels/serving of at least 10% of Daily Value (DV) and 1 in 6 had protein levels/serving similar to regular dairy ice cream. Food manufacturers need to produce new non-dairy frozen desserts that are more nutritious, since few brands (such as those based upon avocado, apple and hemp protein, or fava bean) presently provide consumers choices with lower saturated fat and sugar levels and/or higher protein levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Winston J. Craig
- Center for Nutrition, Healthy Lifestyles and Disease Prevention, School of Public Health, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA
- Correspondence:
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Abstract
Context: An altered lipid profile may lead to the development of CVD.Objective: We evaluated the protective role of baicalein (BAC) against lipidemic and oxidative stress in hyperlipidemic challenged Wistar rats.Materials and methods: Male Wistar rats were given a high-fat diet (HFD) (suspension (w/v) of 0.5% cholesterol, 3% coconut oil and 0.25% cholic acid for 30 days) to create a hyperlipidemic model. BAC was supplemented to experimental rats (80 mg/kg body weight). Biomarkers of oxidative stress including ROS, FRAP, GSH, PMRS, AGE, MDA, PCO, AOPP, and other parameters (Paraoxonase-1, SGOT, SGPT) including TNF-α and IL-6, were estimated in blood.Results: Oxidative stress and inflammatory markers were significantly increased in the HFD treated group. BAC treatment protected rats from HFD mediated alterations.Discussion & conclusion: Our results indicate that baicalein provides protection against hyperlipidemic stress and redox imbalance induced by HFD in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Raushan Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Allahabad, Allahabad, India
| | - Akalabya Bissoyi
- Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
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Galimova A, Smolnikova F, Kosheleva Y, Zhakupbekova S, Dautova A, Tuleubekova G, Kambarova A, Tulkebayeva G, Konganbayev Y, Baikadamova A. Food safety research and improvement of the technology of cottage cheese product with the use of green buckwheat. J Environ Sci Health B 2022; 57:848-857. [PMID: 36168201 DOI: 10.1080/03601234.2022.2127297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of thе article is to study the safety indicators of the curd product, which includes cottage cheese prepared with a starter culture of direct application "Evitalia," consisting of bacteria of the genus Lactococcus (L. acidophilius), Streptococcus (Streptococcus thermophilius) and propionobacteria. Other ingredients are crushed mass from green buckwheat, candied pumpkin, cooked Jerusalem artichoke sirup, and fat emulsion based on coconut oil. The sweetness of the curd product is provided by Jerusalem artichoke sirup, whereas fat emulsion based on coconut oil enriches the product with unsaturated fatty acids and gives plasticity and uniformity of structure. The results of the study showed that the formulation with the following ingredients: 40% of cottage cheese, 40% of crushed mass from green buckwheat, 10% of candied pumpkin, 10% of coconut oil emulsion-has the best organoleptic, physico-chemical, structural and plastic properties. The ratio of milk protein of cottage cheese and vegetable protein of green buckwheat is 1:1. This allowed to obtain the chemical composition of the product: proteins-29%, fats-9%, carbohydrates-59%, ash-3%. The obtained research and technological solutions can be used at dairy industry enterprises in the production of combined dairy and vegetable products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Almira Galimova
- Department of Food Production and Biotechnology, Shakarim University, Semey, Kazakhstan
| | - Farida Smolnikova
- Department of Food Production and Biotechnology, Shakarim University, Semey, Kazakhstan
| | - Yelena Kosheleva
- Department of Technology and Commodity Science of Food Products, Novosibirsk State Agrarian University, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Shugyla Zhakupbekova
- Department of Food Production and Biotechnology, Shakarim University, Semey, Kazakhstan
| | - Assel Dautova
- Department of Food Production and Biotechnology, Shakarim University, Semey, Kazakhstan
| | - Gulnaz Tuleubekova
- Department of Food Production and Biotechnology, Shakarim University, Semey, Kazakhstan
| | - Aray Kambarova
- Department of Food Production and Biotechnology, Shakarim University, Semey, Kazakhstan
| | - Gulnara Tulkebayeva
- Department of Food Production and Biotechnology, Shakarim University, Semey, Kazakhstan
| | - Yermek Konganbayev
- Department of Food Production and Biotechnology, Shakarim University, Semey, Kazakhstan
| | - Assemgul Baikadamova
- Department of Food Production and Biotechnology, Shakarim University, Semey, Kazakhstan
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Zeng YQ, He JT, Hu BY, Li W, Deng J, Lin QL, Fang Y. Virgin coconut oil: A comprehensive review of antioxidant activity and mechanisms contributed by phenolic compounds. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 64:1052-1075. [PMID: 35997296 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2113361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Virgin coconut oil (VCO) is obtained by processing mature coconut cores with mechanical or natural methods. In recent years, VCO has been widely used in the food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic industries because of its excellent functional activities. VCO has biological functions such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and antiviral, and also has potential therapeutic effects on many chronic degenerative diseases. Among these functions, the antioxidant is the most basic and important function, which is mainly determined by phenolic compounds and medium-chain fatty acids (MCFAs). This review aims to elucidate the antioxidant functions of each phenolic compound in VCO, and discuss the antioxidant mechanisms of VCO in terms of the role of phenolic compounds with fat, intestinal microorganisms, and various organs. Besides, the composition of VCO and its application in various industries are summarized, and the biological functions of VCO are generalized, which should lay a foundation for further research on the antioxidant activity of VCO and provide a theoretical basis for the development of food additives with antioxidant activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Qing Zeng
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Edible forestry Resources Safety and Processing Utilization, National Engineering Research Center of Rice and Byproduct Deep Processing, College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, China
| | - Jin-Tao He
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Edible forestry Resources Safety and Processing Utilization, National Engineering Research Center of Rice and Byproduct Deep Processing, College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, China
| | - Bo-Yong Hu
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Edible forestry Resources Safety and Processing Utilization, National Engineering Research Center of Rice and Byproduct Deep Processing, College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, China
| | - Wen Li
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Edible forestry Resources Safety and Processing Utilization, National Engineering Research Center of Rice and Byproduct Deep Processing, College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, China
| | - Jing Deng
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Edible forestry Resources Safety and Processing Utilization, National Engineering Research Center of Rice and Byproduct Deep Processing, College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, China
| | - Qin-Lu Lin
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Edible forestry Resources Safety and Processing Utilization, National Engineering Research Center of Rice and Byproduct Deep Processing, College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, China
| | - Yong Fang
- College of Food Science and Engineering/Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing, China
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Brantson ET, Osei H, Aidoo MSK, Appau PO, Issaka FN, Liu N, Ejeh CJ, Kouamelan KS. Coconut oil and fermented palm wine biodiesel production for oil spill cleanup: experimental, numerical, and hybrid metaheuristic modeling approaches. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2022; 29:50147-50165. [PMID: 35226274 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-19426-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
This paper for the first time synthesizes novel biodiesel experimentally using low-cost feedstocks of coconut oil, caustic soda, and fermented palm wine contaminated by microorganisms. The alkaline catalyzed transesterification method was used for biodiesel production with minimal glycerol. The produced biodiesel was biodegradable and effective in cleaning a shoreline oil spill experiment verified by our developed oil spill radial numerical simulator. For the first time, an adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) was hybridized with invasive weed optimization (IWO), imperialist competitive algorithm (ICA), and shuffled complex evolution (SCE-UA) to predict biodiesel yield (BY) using obtained Monte Carlo simulation datasets from the biodiesel experimental seed data. The test results indicated ANFIS-IWO (MSE = 0.0628) as the best model and also when compared to the benchmarked ANFIS genetic algorithm (MSE = 0.0639). Additionally, ANFIS-IWO (RMSE = 0.54705) was tested on another coconut biodiesel data in the literature and it outperformed both response surface methodology (RMSE = 0.72739) and artificial neural network (RMSE = 0.68615) models used. The hybridized models proved to be robust for biodiesel yield modeling in addition to the produced biodiesel serving as an environmentally acceptable and cost-effective alternative for shoreline bioremediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Thompson Brantson
- Department of Petroleum and Natural Gas Engineering, GNPC School of Petroleum Studies, University of Mines and Technology, Tarkwa, Ghana.
| | - Harrison Osei
- Department of Petroleum and Natural Gas Engineering, GNPC School of Petroleum Studies, University of Mines and Technology, Tarkwa, Ghana
| | - Mark Shalom Kwesi Aidoo
- Department of Petroleum and Natural Gas Engineering, GNPC School of Petroleum Studies, University of Mines and Technology, Tarkwa, Ghana
| | - Prince Opoku Appau
- Department of Petroleum Engineering, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND, 58202, USA
| | - Fuseini Naziru Issaka
- Department of Petroleum and Natural Gas Engineering, GNPC School of Petroleum Studies, University of Mines and Technology, Tarkwa, Ghana
| | - Nannan Liu
- School of Energy Resources, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Chukwugozie Jekwu Ejeh
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Kouamelan Serge Kouamelan
- School of Geophysics and Information Technology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, 100083, China
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Pandiselvam R, Kaavya R, Martinez Monteagudo SI, Divya V, Jain S, Khanashyam AC, Kothakota A, Prasath VA, Ramesh SV, Sruthi NU, Kumar M, Manikantan MR, Kumar CA, Khaneghah AM, Cozzolino D. Contemporary Developments and Emerging Trends in the Application of Spectroscopy Techniques: A Particular Reference to Coconut ( Cocos nucifera L.). Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27103250. [PMID: 35630725 PMCID: PMC9147692 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27103250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Revised: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The number of food frauds in coconut-based products is increasing due to higher consumer demands for these products. Rising health consciousness, public awareness and increased concerns about food safety and quality have made authorities and various other certifying agencies focus more on the authentication of coconut products. As the conventional techniques for determining the quality attributes of coconut are destructive and time-consuming, non-destructive testing methods which are accurate, rapid, and easy to perform with no detrimental sampling methods are currently gaining importance. Spectroscopic methods such as nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), infrared (IR)spectroscopy, mid-infrared (MIR)spectroscopy, near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy, ultraviolet-visible (UV-VIS) spectroscopy, fluorescence spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and Raman spectroscopy (RS) are gaining in importance for determining the oxidative stability of coconut oil, the adulteration of oils, and the detection of harmful additives, pathogens, and toxins in coconut products and are also employed in deducing the interactions in food constituents, and microbial contaminations. The objective of this review is to provide a comprehensive analysis on the various spectroscopic techniques along with different chemometric approaches for the successful authentication and quality determination of coconut products. The manuscript was prepared by analyzing and compiling the articles that were collected from various databases such as PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus and ScienceDirect. The spectroscopic techniques in combination with chemometrics were shown to be successful in the authentication of coconut products. RS and NMR spectroscopy techniques proved their utility and accuracy in assessing the changes in coconut oil’s chemical and viscosity profile. FTIR spectroscopy was successfully utilized to analyze the oxidation levels and determine the authenticity of coconut oils. An FT-NIR-based analysis of various coconut samples confirmed the acceptable levels of accuracy in prediction. These non-destructive methods of spectroscopy offer a broad spectrum of applications in food processing industries to detect adulterants. Moreover, the combined chemometrics and spectroscopy detection method is a versatile and accurate measurement for adulterant identification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Pandiselvam
- Physiology, Biochemistry and Post-Harvest Technology Division, ICAR-Central Plantation Crops Research Institute, Kasaragod 671124, Kerala, India;
- Correspondence: or (R.P.); (R.K.); (M.R.M.); (A.M.K.); (D.C.)
| | - Rathnakumar Kaavya
- Dairy and Food Science Department, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, USA;
- Correspondence: or (R.P.); (R.K.); (M.R.M.); (A.M.K.); (D.C.)
| | - Sergio I. Martinez Monteagudo
- Dairy and Food Science Department, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, USA;
- Department of Family and Consumer Sciences, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM 88003, USA
- Chemical & Materials Engineering Department, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM 88003, USA
| | - V. Divya
- School of BioSciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore 632014, Tamil Nadu, India;
| | - Surangna Jain
- Department of Biotechnology, Mahidol University, Bangkok 12120, Thailand;
| | | | - Anjineyulu Kothakota
- Agro-Processing & Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (NIIST), Trivandrum 695019, Kerala, India;
| | - V. Arun Prasath
- Department of Food Process Engineering, NIT, Rourkela 769008, Odisha, India;
| | - S. V. Ramesh
- Physiology, Biochemistry and Post-Harvest Technology Division, ICAR-Central Plantation Crops Research Institute, Kasaragod 671124, Kerala, India;
| | - N. U. Sruthi
- Agricultural and Food Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, West Bengal, India;
| | - Manoj Kumar
- Chemical and Biochemical Processing Division, ICAR-Central Institute for Research on Cotton Technology, Mumbai 400019, Maharashtra, India;
| | - M. R. Manikantan
- Physiology, Biochemistry and Post-Harvest Technology Division, ICAR-Central Plantation Crops Research Institute, Kasaragod 671124, Kerala, India;
- Correspondence: or (R.P.); (R.K.); (M.R.M.); (A.M.K.); (D.C.)
| | - Chinnaraja Ashok Kumar
- Department of Food Safety and Quality Assurance, College of Food and Dairy Technology, Chennai 600051, Tamil Nadu, India;
| | - Amin Mousavi Khaneghah
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Food Engineering, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas 13083-875, SP, Brazil
- Department of Fruit and Vegetable Product Technology, Prof. Wacław Dąbrowski Institute of Agricultural and Food Biotechnology, 02-532 Warsaw, Poland
- Correspondence: or (R.P.); (R.K.); (M.R.M.); (A.M.K.); (D.C.)
| | - Daniel Cozzolino
- Centre for Nutrition and Food Sciences, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation (QAAFI), The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia
- Correspondence: or (R.P.); (R.K.); (M.R.M.); (A.M.K.); (D.C.)
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Chen X, Kim DI, Moon HG, Chu M, Lee K. Coconut Oil Alleviates the Oxidative Stress-Mediated Inflammatory Response via Regulating the MAPK Pathway in Particulate Matter-Stimulated Alveolar Macrophages. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27092898. [PMID: 35566249 PMCID: PMC9105152 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27092898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure to particulate matter (PM) is related to various respiratory diseases, and this affects the respiratory immune system. Alveolar macrophages (AMs), which are defenders against pathogens, play a key role in respiratory inflammation through cytokine production and cellular interactions. Coconut oil demonstrates antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, and it is consumed worldwide for improved health. However, reports on the protective effects of coconut oil on the PM-induced respiratory immune system, especially in AMs, are limited. In this study, we generated artificial PM (APM) with a diameter approximately of 30 nm by controlling the temperature, and compared its cytotoxicity with diesel exhaust particles (DEP). We also investigated the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of coconut oil in APM− and DEP−stimulated AMs, and the underlying molecular mechanisms. Our results showed that APM and DEP had high cytotoxicity in a dose-dependent manner in AMs. In particular, APM or DEP at 100 μg/mL significantly decreased cell viability (p < 0.05) and significantly increased oxidative stress markers such as reactive oxygen species (p < 0.01); the GSSH/GSH ratio (p < 0.01); and cytokine production, such as tumor necrosis factor-α (p < 0.001), interleukin (IL)-1β (p < 0.001), and IL-6 (p < 0.001). The expression of the genes for chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand-1 (p < 0.05) and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (p < 0.001); and the proteins toll-like receptor (TLR) 4 (p < 0.01), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (p < 0.001), p38 (p < 0.001); and extracellular receptor-activated kinase (p < 0.001), were also upregulated by PM. These parameters were reversed upon treatment with coconut oil in APM− or DEP−stimulated AMs. In conclusion, coconut oil can reduce APM− or DEP−induced inflammation by regulating the TLR4/MAPK pathway in AMs, and it may protect against adverse respiratory effects caused by PM exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Chen
- Inhalation Toxicology Center for Airborne Risk Factor, Korea Institute of Toxicology, 30 Baehak1-gil, Jeongeup-si 56212, Korea; (X.C.); (D.I.K.); (H.-G.M.)
- Department of Human and Environmental Toxicology, University of Science & Technology, Daejeon 34113, Korea
| | - Dong Im Kim
- Inhalation Toxicology Center for Airborne Risk Factor, Korea Institute of Toxicology, 30 Baehak1-gil, Jeongeup-si 56212, Korea; (X.C.); (D.I.K.); (H.-G.M.)
| | - Hi-Gyu Moon
- Inhalation Toxicology Center for Airborne Risk Factor, Korea Institute of Toxicology, 30 Baehak1-gil, Jeongeup-si 56212, Korea; (X.C.); (D.I.K.); (H.-G.M.)
| | - Minchul Chu
- Greensol Co., Ltd., 89-26, Jimok-ro, Paju-si 10880, Korea;
| | - Kyuhong Lee
- Inhalation Toxicology Center for Airborne Risk Factor, Korea Institute of Toxicology, 30 Baehak1-gil, Jeongeup-si 56212, Korea; (X.C.); (D.I.K.); (H.-G.M.)
- Department of Human and Environmental Toxicology, University of Science & Technology, Daejeon 34113, Korea
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +82-63-570-8740
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Ornla-Ied P, Podchong P, Sonwai S. Synthesis of cocoa butter alternatives from palm kernel stearin, coconut oil and fully hydrogenated palm stearin blends by chemical interesterification. J Sci Food Agric 2022; 102:1619-1627. [PMID: 34405412 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.11498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 08/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chemical interesterification (CIE) is one of the important technological processes for the production of zero-trans fats. The aim of this study was to produce trans-free cocoa butter alternatives (CBAs) from palm kernel stearin (PKS), coconut oil (CNO) and fully-hydrogenated palm stearin (FHPS) blends via CIE using sodium methoxide as a catalyst. The physicochemical properties, crystallization and melting behavior, solid fat content (SFC), crystal morphology and polymorphism of the structured lipids (SLs) obtained and the corresponding physical blends (PBs) were characterized and compared with commercial CBAs. RESULTS After CIE, randomization of fatty acid distribution within and among triacylglycerol (TAG) molecules of PKS, CNO and FHPS resulted in a modification in TAG compositions of the PKS/CNO/FHPS blends and improved the properties and crystallization behavior of the blends. SFC and slip melting points of all SLs decreased from those of their respective PBs. In particular, SLs obtained from CIE of blends with 60-70% wt. PKS (blend ratios 60:10:30 and 70:10:20) exhibited the melting characteristic, SFC curves, crystal morphology and polymorphic form most similar to the commercial CBAs. In addition, these blends melted almost completely at body temperature, an improvement from that of the commercial CBAs. CONCLUSION SLs obtained from CIE of blends with 60-70% wt. PKS has high potential to be used commercially as trans-free CBAs for the confectionery industry. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pimwalan Ornla-Ied
- Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Engineering and Industrial Technology, Silpakorn University, Nakhonpathom, Thailand
| | - Pawitchaya Podchong
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agricultural Technology and Agro-Industry, Rajamangala University of Technology Suvarnabhumi, Phra Nakhon Si Ayutthaya, Thailand
| | - Sopark Sonwai
- Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Engineering and Industrial Technology, Silpakorn University, Nakhonpathom, Thailand
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Edem EE, Ihaza BE, Fafure AA, Ishola AO, Nebo KE, Enye LA, Akinluyi ET. Virgin coconut oil abrogates depression-associated cognitive deficits by modulating hippocampal antioxidant balance, GABAergic and glutamatergic receptors in mice. Drug Metab Pers Ther 2021; 37:177-190. [PMID: 34881837 DOI: 10.1515/dmpt-2021-0126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES GABA and glutamate neurotransmission play critical roles in both the neurobiology of depression and cognition; and Virgin coconut oil (VCO) is reported to support brain health. The present study investigated the effect of VCO on depression-associated cognitive deficits in mice. METHODS Thirty male mice divided into five groups were either exposed to chronic unpredicted mild stress (CUMS) protocol for 28 days or pre-treated with 3 mL/kg b. wt. of VCO for 21 days or post-treated with 3 mL/kg b. wt. of VCO for 21 days following 28 days of CUMS exposure. Mice were subjected to behavioural assessments for depressive-like behaviours and short-term memory, and thereafter euthanised. Hippocampal tissue was dissected from the harvested whole brain for biochemical and immunohistochemical evaluations. RESULTS Our results showed that CUMS exposure produced depressive-like behaviours, cognitive deficits and altered hippocampal redox balance. However, treatment with VCO abrogated depression-associated cognitive impairment, and enhanced hippocampal antioxidant concentration. Furthermore, immunohistochemical evaluation revealed significant improvement in GABAA and mGluR1a immunoreactivity following treatment with VCO in the depressed mice. CONCLUSIONS Therefore, findings from this study support the dietary application of VCO to enhance neural resilience in patients with depression and related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edem Ekpenyong Edem
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria
| | - Blessing Eghosa Ihaza
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria
| | - Adedamola Adediran Fafure
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria
| | - Azeez Olakunle Ishola
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria
| | - Kate Eberechukwu Nebo
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria
| | - Linus Anderson Enye
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria
| | - Elizabeth Toyin Akinluyi
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria
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Ma S, Jia R, Liu L, Zhu Z, Qiao X, Zhang W, Zhang L, Dong J. The adjuvant effects of rosin and coconut oil on nicosulfuron and mesotrione to control weeds. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2021; 225:112766. [PMID: 34509967 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Natural adjuvants are novel options to reduce the doses of chemical herbicides. The aim of the current study was to examine the compositions and adjuvant effects of rosin and coconut oil on herbicides using a combination of indoor experiment and field trial. The GC-MS results showed that the main component of rosin was abietic acid (40.02%), and the main components of coconut oil were 2-pentanone, 4-hydroxy-4-methyl- (21.45%) and dodecanoic acid (14.59%). In greenhouse experiment, rosin showed a significant adjuvant effect on nicosulfuron against Digitaria sanguinalis and Amaranthus retroflexus, with the GR50 ratios of 1.47 and 1.69, respectively. The GR50 values of nicosulfuron in the present of coconut oil were 3.99 and 10.13 g a.i./hm2 against D. sanguinalis and A. retroflexus, lower than that of individual application. The adjuvant effect of rosin and coconut oil on mesotrione was also found. In field trial, the fresh weight control efficiency of nicosulfuron (45 g a.i./hm2) and mesotrione (112.5 g a.i./hm2) was significantly improved after the addition of rosin and coconut oil, similar with that of recommended dose. Rosin and coconut oil could reduce the contact angle of nicosulfuron, with the results of 56.68° and 53.90°, respectively, lower than that of individual application. Furthermore, rosin and coconut oil could decrease the surface tension, wetting and penetration time; and increase the spreading diameter and maximum retention. Both rosin and coconut oil have adjuvant effects on herbicides in the lab & field with multiple mechanisms. Thus, they have the potential to be developed into natural adjuvants for herbicide formulation to control weeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shujie Ma
- College of Plant Protection, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China; State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Baoding 071001, China
| | - Ran Jia
- College of Plant Protection, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China
| | - Luwei Liu
- College of Plant Protection, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China
| | - Ziping Zhu
- Langfang Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Science, Langfang 065000, China
| | - Xin Qiao
- College of Plant Protection, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- College of Plant Protection, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China
| | - Lihui Zhang
- College of Plant Protection, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China; State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Baoding 071001, China.
| | - Jingao Dong
- College of Plant Protection, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China; State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Baoding 071001, China.
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Dhamodharan P, Nijin VP, Bakthavatsalam AK. Investigations on energy recovery capability of coconut oil for pre-cooling of apples from cold storage condensate. Chemosphere 2021; 281:130705. [PMID: 34020188 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.130705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Assessment in a live cold storage plant revealed that the refrigeration process generated about 150-170 L of condensate per day at 10 °C-12 °C. In this study, phase change property of coconut oil was applied to recover and use the energy from condensate for pre-cooling apples. Charging studies of coconut oil was carried out experimentally and the charging time was found to be 234, 126, 95 and 93 min for condensate flow rates of 2.6 L/h, 4.25 L/h, 6.26 L/h and 8.33 L/h respectively. Discharging studies were conducted for natural and forced convection for pre-cooling of apples under two cases namely apples in direct contact (case i) and indirect contact (case ii) with the container. Under natural convection and direct contact, pre-cooling of 4 °C was achieved with a discharge duration of 260 min. In case (ii), pre-cooling of 3.5 °C was achieved with discharge duration of 304 min. Likewise, under forced convection, pre-cooling of 3.5 °C was achieved in 189 min for case (i) and 214 min for case (ii). Temperature difference between the top point and bottom point of the apple was 1.5 °C and 0.5 °C for case (i) and case (ii) respectively. Results confirmed that coconut oil as a PCM can be used for recovering energy from condensate for pre-cooling of apples before loading into a cold storage unit.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Dhamodharan
- Department of Energy and Environment, National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirappalli, India
| | - V P Nijin
- Department of Energy and Environment, National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirappalli, India
| | - A K Bakthavatsalam
- Department of Energy and Environment, National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirappalli, India.
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Gurav R, Bhatia SK, Choi TR, Choi YK, Kim HJ, Song HS, Park SL, Lee HS, Lee SM, Choi KY, Yang YH. Adsorptive removal of crude petroleum oil from water using floating pinewood biochar decorated with coconut oil-derived fatty acids. Sci Total Environ 2021; 781:146636. [PMID: 33784526 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.146636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 03/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The present investigation deals with the adsorptive removal of crude petroleum oil from the water surface using coconut oil-modified pinewood biochar. Biochar generated at higher pyrolysis temperature (700 °C) revealed higher fatty acid-binding efficiency responsible for the excellent hydrophobicity of the biochar. Fatty acids composition attached to the biochar produced at 700 °C was (mg g-1 BC) lauric acid (9.024), myristic acid (5.065), palmitic acid (2.769), capric acid (1.639), oleic acid (1.362), stearic acid (1.114), and linoleic acid (0.130). Simulation of the experimental adsorption data of pristine and modified pinewood biochar generated at 700 °C offered the best fit to pseudo-first-order kinetics (R2 > 0.97) and Langmuir isotherm model (R2 > 0.99) based on the highest regression coefficients. Consequently, the adsorption process was mainly driven by surface hydrophobic interactions including π-π electron-donor-acceptor between electron-rich (π-donor) polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from the crude oil and biochar (π-acceptor). A maximum adsorption capacity (Qmax) of 5.315 g g-1 was achieved by modified floating biochar within 60 min. Whereas the reusability testing revealed 49.39% and 51.40% was the adsorption efficiency of pristine and modified biochar at the fifth adsorption-desorption cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranjit Gurav
- Department of Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Shashi Kant Bhatia
- Department of Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Rim Choi
- Department of Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Keun Choi
- Department of Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Joong Kim
- Department of Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Hun-Suk Song
- Department of Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Sol Lee Park
- Department of Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Soo Lee
- Department of Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Mi Lee
- Department of Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwon-Young Choi
- Department of Environmental and Safety Engineering, College of Engineering, Ajou University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Yung-Hun Yang
- Department of Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea.
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Feng N, Deng J, Teng G, Hu D. Design and Construction of Photochromic and Antileakage Reinforced Wood-Based Cellulose Microframework/Hexadecanol- Coconut Oil Composite Phase Change Material. Langmuir 2021; 37:7513-7526. [PMID: 34110171 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c00986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The development of high-performance shape-stable phase change material composites (SPCMs) with high phase change enthalpy and high conversion efficiency, especially with good photochromic properties, is essential for thermal energy storage. Here, we report that one type of SPCMs with both photochromic and phase change energy storage is obtained by incorporating organic binary composite PCMs (hexadecanol/coconut oil, H/C) and photochromic phosphotungstic acid (PA) into Ochroma pyramidale wood-based cellulose microframe (DOW) through simple vacuum impregnation. When the ratio of hexadecanol to coconut oil is 3:7 and the ratio of phosphotungstic acid to N,N-dimethylacetamide is 4:13.6, the SPCM composite material (DOW-H3C7-4PA) represents a high phase transition enthalpy of 163.7 J/g and an appropriate phase transition temperature of 42.55 °C that can be applied to the environmental temperature adjustment of high-temperature areas (>40 °C) mentioned in this paper, in addition to the excellent thermal stability and photochromic stability; for example, even after 100 thermal cycles and UV radiation cycles, its phase transition enthalpy remains almost unchanged. The DOW-H3C7-4PA composite material also shows good shape stability and leakage resistance. In addition, the high photothermal conversion efficiency (65.71%) of DOW-H3C7-4PA is considered to be a promising candidate for photothermal energy storage applications. Therefore, the manufactured SPCMs (DOW-H3C7-4PA) have high latent heat, good melting/freezing cycle reliability, high photochromic stability, and remarkable light-to-heat energy conversion ability, making them show broad application prospects in energy conversion and storage devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nianrong Feng
- School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
- MOE Key Laboratory of New Processing Technology for Non-ferrous Metals and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Processing for Non-ferrous Metals and Featured Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Jun Deng
- School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
- MOE Key Laboratory of New Processing Technology for Non-ferrous Metals and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Processing for Non-ferrous Metals and Featured Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Genhui Teng
- School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
- MOE Key Laboratory of New Processing Technology for Non-ferrous Metals and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Processing for Non-ferrous Metals and Featured Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Dongying Hu
- School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
- MOE Key Laboratory of New Processing Technology for Non-ferrous Metals and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Processing for Non-ferrous Metals and Featured Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
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Joshi S, Kaushik V, Gode V, Mhaskar S. Coconut Oil and Immunity: What do we really know about it so far? J Assoc Physicians India 2020; 68:67-72. [PMID: 32602684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Coconut oil as health oil was recognized in Ayurvedic medicine almost 4000 years ago. The same health effects were also attributed to the mother's milk in ancient literature. Modern research has now found a common link between these two natural health products - their lipid content. The medium chain fatty acids and monoglycerides found primarily in coconut oil have miraculous healing power which act as natural antibiotic and also help modulate immunity. The information discussed in this review explains that coconut oil, either topically applied or ingested, gets broken down to release Lauric Acid and Monolaurin - known anti-microbial agents. The studies reported in literature are discussed to evaluate the antiviral, antibacterial and antifungal benefits of coconut oil. Not only does coconut oil metabolites have antimicrobial activity but also these remarkable derivatives have been shown not to cause resistance organisms to appear. The anti-microbial mechanistic action also helps activate the antiinflammatory nature of the immune response in human body. In vitro, animal, and human studies support the potential of coconut oil as effective and safe immune-nutritive active. New and exciting health and industrial uses of coconut oil and its derivative are possible. Never before in recent times has the recognition of the positive health effects of coconut oil been stronger. And never before in the history of man is it so important to emphasize both need and efficacy of natural products known for their safety proposition. Immunity has been a buzzword in the current scenario and the demand for modulating immunity with natural means has been so unprecedented and so ubiquitous. Coconut oil and its value added forms can contribute to a more vigorous and healthy future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shashank Joshi
- Dean, Indian College of Physicians; Consultant Endocrinologist, Lilavati Hospital and Research Centre and Bhatia Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra
| | - Vaibhav Kaushik
- Research and Development Centre, Marico Limited, Mumbai, Maharashtra
| | - Vaishali Gode
- Research and Development Centre, Marico Limited, Mumbai, Maharashtra
| | - Sudhakar Mhaskar
- Research and Development Centre, Marico Limited, Mumbai, Maharashtra
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Ferreira JA, Santos JM, Breitkreitz MC, Ferreira JMS, Lins PMP, Farias SC, de Morais DR, Eberlin MN, Bottoli CBG. Characterization of the lipid profile from coconut (Cocos nucifera L.) oil of different varieties by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry associated with principal component analysis and independent component analysis. Food Res Int 2019; 123:189-197. [PMID: 31284967 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2019.04.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Revised: 04/07/2019] [Accepted: 04/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Coconut oil (CO) from fifteen different varieties of coconuts (Cocos nucifera L.) and one CO processed on an industrial scale were analyzed by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) and the data processed using the chemometric tools principal component analysis and independent component analysis. ESI-MS fingerprinting of lipid compounds showed predominance of diacylglycerols and triacylglycerols, as confirmed by high-resolution MS measurements. Chemometric processing of the ESI-MS data differentiated the coconut oil samples, showing that different coconut varieties/cultivars produce oils with distinguishable abundances of lipidic compounds. Thus ESI-MS analysis followed by data treatment using chemometric tools offers a tool able to classify the industrial coconut oils in a fast, simple and effective way, as well as serving as a potential method to identify the coconut varieties by the CO origin, and the occurrence of any adulteration. The procedure may also be applied for quality control of the industrial processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordana Alves Ferreira
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas, UNICAMP, POB 6154, 13083-970 Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Jandyson Machado Santos
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas, UNICAMP, POB 6154, 13083-970 Campinas, SP, Brazil; Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Pernambuco, 52171-900, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | | | - Joana Maria Santos Ferreira
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, Embrapa Tabuleiros Costeiros, Av. Beira Mar, n° 3250, 49025-040 Aracaju, SE, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Marcos Nogueira Eberlin
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas, UNICAMP, POB 6154, 13083-970 Campinas, SP, Brazil
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Basnett P, Marcello E, Lukasiewicz B, Panchal B, Nigmatullin R, Knowles JC, Roy I. Biosynthesis and characterization of a novel, biocompatible medium chain length polyhydroxyalkanoate by Pseudomonas mendocina CH50 using coconut oil as the carbon source. J Mater Sci Mater Med 2018; 29:179. [PMID: 30506294 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-018-6183-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
This study validated the utilization of triacylglycerides (TAGs) by Pseudomonas mendocina CH50, a wild type strain, resulting in the production of novel mcl-PHAs with unique physical properties. A PHA yield of 58% dcw was obtained using 20 g/L of coconut oil. Chemical and structural characterisation confirmed that the mcl-PHA produced was a terpolymer comprising of three different repeating monomer units, 3-hydroxyoctanoate, 3-hydroxydecanoate and 3-hydroxydodecanoate or P(3HO-3HD-3HDD). Bearing in mind the potential of P(3HO-3HD-3HDD) in biomedical research, especially in neural tissue engineering, in vitro biocompatibility studies were carried out using NG108-15 (neuronal) cells. Cell viability data confirmed that P(3HO-3HD-3HDD) supported the attachment and proliferation of NG108-15 and was therefore confirmed to be biocompatible in nature and suitable for neural regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Basnett
- Applied Biotechnology Research Group, School of Life Sciences, University of Westminster, London, UK
| | - Elena Marcello
- Applied Biotechnology Research Group, School of Life Sciences, University of Westminster, London, UK
| | - Barbara Lukasiewicz
- Applied Biotechnology Research Group, School of Life Sciences, University of Westminster, London, UK
| | - Bijal Panchal
- Applied Biotechnology Research Group, School of Life Sciences, University of Westminster, London, UK
| | - Rinat Nigmatullin
- Applied Biotechnology Research Group, School of Life Sciences, University of Westminster, London, UK
| | - Jonathan C Knowles
- Eastman Dental Institute, University College London, London, UK
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science & BK21 Plus NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, Dankook, Republic of Korea
| | - Ipsita Roy
- Applied Biotechnology Research Group, School of Life Sciences, University of Westminster, London, UK.
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Manio MC, Matsumura S, Inoue K. Low-fat diet, and medium-fat diets containing coconut oil and soybean oil exert different metabolic effects in untrained and treadmill-trained mice. J Int Soc Sports Nutr 2018; 15:29. [PMID: 29914522 PMCID: PMC6006686 DOI: 10.1186/s12970-018-0234-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diets containing fats of different proportions and types have been demonstrated to influence metabolism. These fats differ in long chain fatty acids (LCFAs) or medium chain fatty acids (MCFAs) content. In our laboratory using swimming as the training modality, MCFAs increased endurance attributed to increased activities of oxidative enzymes. How it affects whole-body metabolism remains unexplored. The present study investigated the metabolic, biochemical and genetic adaptations with treadmill running as the training modality. METHODS C57BL/6N mice were divided into untrained and trained groups and provided with low-fat (10% kcal from soybean oil), coconut oil (10% kcal from soybean oil, 20% kcal from coconut oil) or soybean oil (30% kcal from soybean oil) diet. Training was performed on a treadmill for 30 days. After recovery, whole-body metabolism at rest and during exercise, endurance, substrate metabolism, mitochondrial enzyme activities, and gene expression of training-adaptive genes in the muscle and liver were measured. RESULTS At rest, medium-fat diets decreased respiratory exchange ratio (RER) (p < 0.05). Training increased RER in all diet groups without affecting oxygen consumption (p < 0.05). During exercise, diets had no overt effects on metabolism while training decreased oxygen consumption indicating decreased energy expenditure (p < 0.05). Coconut oil without training improved endurance based on work (p < 0.05). Training improved all endurance parameters without overt effects of diet (p < 0.05). Moreover, training increased the activities of mitochondrial enzymes likely related to the increased expression of estrogen related receptor (ERR) α and ERRβ (p < 0.05). Coconut oil inhibited peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) β/δ activation and glycogen accumulation in the muscle but activated PPARα in the liver in the trained state (p < 0.05). Substrate utilization data suggested that coconut oil and/or resulting ketone bodies spared glycogen utilization in the trained muscle during exercise thereby preserving endurance. CONCLUSION Our data demonstrated the various roles of diet and fat types in training adaptation. Diets exerted different roles in PPAR activation and substrate handling in the context of endurance exercise training. However, the role of fat types in training adaptations is limited as training overwhelms and normalizes the effects of diet in the untrained state particularly on endurance performance, mitochondrial biogenesis, and ERR expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Christian Manio
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shigenobu Matsumura
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kazuo Inoue
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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Rahim NS, Lim SM, Mani V, Abdul Majeed AB, Ramasamy K. Enhanced memory in Wistar rats by virgin coconut oil is associated with increased antioxidative, cholinergic activities and reduced oxidative stress. Pharm Biol 2017; 55:825-832. [PMID: 28118770 PMCID: PMC6130622 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2017.1280688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Accepted: 01/06/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Virgin coconut oil (VCO) has been reported to possess antioxidative, anti-inflammatory and anti-stress properties. OBJECTIVE Capitalizing on these therapeutic effects, this study investigated for the first time the potential of VCO on memory improvement in vivo. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty male Wistar rats (7-8 weeks old) were randomly assigned to five groups (n = six per group). Treatment groups were administered with 1, 5 and 10 g/kg VCO for 31 days by oral gavages. The cognitive function of treated-rats were assessed using the Morris Water Maze Test. Brains were removed, homogenized and subjected to biochemical analyses of acetylcholine (ACh) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE), antioxidants [superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione (GSH), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and glutathione reductase (GRx)], lipid peroxidase [malondialdehyde (MDA)] as well as nitric oxide (NO). α-Tocopherol (αT; 150 mg/kg) was also included for comparison purposes. RESULTS VCO-fed Wistar rats exhibited significant (p < 0.05) improvement of cognitive functions [reduced escape latency (≥ 1.8 s), reduced escape distance (≥ 0.3 m) and increased total time spent on platform (≥ 1 s)]. The findings were accompanied by elevation of ACh (15%), SOD (8%), CAT (≥ 54%), GSH (≥ 20%) and GPx (≥ 12%) and reduction of AChE (≥17%), MDA (> 33%) and NO (≥ 34%). Overall, memory improvement by VCO was comparable to αT. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION VCO has the potential to be used as a memory enhancer, the effect of which was mediated, at least in part, through enhanced cholinergic activity, increased antioxidants level and reduced oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nur Syafiqah Rahim
- Collaborative Drug Discovery Research (CDDR) Group, Pharmaceutical and Life Sciences Community of Research, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Shah Alam, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Arau, Perlis, Malaysia
| | - Siong Meng Lim
- Collaborative Drug Discovery Research (CDDR) Group, Pharmaceutical and Life Sciences Community of Research, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Shah Alam, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Vasudevan Mani
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Buraidah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Kalavathy Ramasamy
- Collaborative Drug Discovery Research (CDDR) Group, Pharmaceutical and Life Sciences Community of Research, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Shah Alam, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
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