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Zheng Z, Wang X, Zheng Y, Wu H. Enhanced expression of miR-204 attenuates LPS stimulated inflammatory injury through inhibiting the Wnt/β-catenin pathway via targeting CCND2. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 126:111334. [PMID: 38061119 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.111334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
One of the most common bacterial diseases of the reproductive system in dairy cows is endometritis, which will cause huge economic loss. Here, we investigate the mechanisms of miR-204 on LPS-stimulated endometritis in vitro and in vivo. Experiments displayed that the expression of miR-204 was lower in bovine uterine tissue samples or bovine endometrial epithelial cell line (BEND) that stimulated by LPS. Compared with the negative group, miR-204 treatment significantly suppressed the production of proinflammatory factors and the Wnt/β-catenin pathway activation. Additionally, the result of the dual luciferase assay showed that miR-204 targeted cyclin D2. More importantly, up-regulation of miR-204 alleviated LPS induced uterine injury was confirmed in vivo studies. Molecular experiments indicated that the expression level of tight junctional proteins Claudin3 and cadherin1 were both enchanced by miR-204 treatment. Accordingly, miR-204 may serve as a new measure to prevent and treat endometritis caused by LPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijie Zheng
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Xiaoyan Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Chongqing Three Gorges Vocational College, Chongqing 404155, PR China
| | - Yonghui Zheng
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Haichong Wu
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, PR China.
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2
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Kondo T, Iguchi M, Yoshida S, Yoshino T, Kojima K. Cyclin D2-positive mantle cell lymphoma with t(2;12)(p12;p13) arising in immune deficiency/dysregulation. Ann Hematol 2023; 102:2639-2640. [PMID: 37351683 DOI: 10.1007/s00277-023-05330-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Takumi Kondo
- Department of Hematology, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Nankoku, Kochi, Japan
| | - Mitsuko Iguchi
- Department of Pathology, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Nankoku, Kochi, Japan
| | - Shohei Yoshida
- Department of Hematology, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Nankoku, Kochi, Japan
| | - Tadashi Yoshino
- Department of Pathology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Kensuke Kojima
- Department of Hematology, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Nankoku, Kochi, Japan.
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Wang CH, Wang QQ, Su YS, Sun YQ, Sun M, Liu XR, Ma HM, Li GY, DU XL, He R. [Metformin improves polycystic ovary syndrome and activates female germline stem cells in mice]. Sheng Li Xue Bao 2022; 74:370-380. [PMID: 35770635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common disease caused by complex endocrine and metabolic abnormalities in women of childbearing age. Metformin is the most widely used oral hypoglycemic drug in clinic. In recent years, metformin has been used in the treatment of PCOS, but its mechanism is not clear. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effect of metformin on PCOS and its mechanism through PCOS mouse model. Female C57BL/6J mice aged 4-5 weeks were intragastrically given letrozole (1 mg/kg daily) combined with a high-fat diet (HFD) for 21 days to establish the PCOS model. After modeling, metformin (200 mg/kg daily) was intragastrically administered. One month later, the body weight and oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) were measured. Hematoxylin eosin (H&E) staining was used to detect the pathological changes of ovary. The serum levels of anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), E2 and testosterone (T) were measured by ELISA. The expression of DDX4/MVH was detected by immunohistochemistry. DDX4/MVH and PCNA were co-labeled by immunofluorescence. The protein levels of DDX4/MVH, PCNA, cyclin D2, AMPK and mTOR were detected by Western blot. The results showed that after metformin treatment, the body weights of PCOS mice were gradually returned to normal, glucose tolerance was significantly improved, serum E2 levels were increased, while AMH, LH, T levels and LH/FSH ratio were decreased. Ovarian polycystic lesions were reduced with reduced atresia follicles. Furthermore, the number of proliferative female germline stem cells (FGSCs) and levels of proliferation related proteins (PCNA, cyclin D2) were significantly increased, and the p-mTOR and p-AMPK levels were markedly up-regulated. These results suggest that metformin treatment not only improves hyperandrogenemia, glucose intolerance and polycystic ovarian lesions in PCOS, but also activates the function of FGSCs. The underlying mechanism may be related to the phosphorylation of AMPK and mTOR. These findings provide new evidence to use metformin in the treatment of PCOS and follicular development disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Hong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Fertility Maintenance, Ministry of Education, Basic Medical College, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Hui Medicine Modernization, Ministry of Education, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Qiang-Qiang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Fertility Maintenance, Ministry of Education, Basic Medical College, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Hui Medicine Modernization, Ministry of Education, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Ya-Shan Su
- Key Laboratory of Fertility Maintenance, Ministry of Education, Basic Medical College, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Ya-Qun Sun
- Key Laboratory of Fertility Maintenance, Ministry of Education, Basic Medical College, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Miao Sun
- Key Laboratory of Fertility Maintenance, Ministry of Education, Basic Medical College, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Xin-Rui Liu
- Key Laboratory of Fertility Maintenance, Ministry of Education, Basic Medical College, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Hui-Ming Ma
- Key Laboratory of Fertility Maintenance, Ministry of Education, Basic Medical College, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Guang-Yong Li
- Urology Department of General Hospital, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Xiao-Li DU
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Hui Medicine Modernization, Ministry of Education, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China.
| | - Rui He
- Key Laboratory of Fertility Maintenance, Ministry of Education, Basic Medical College, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Hui Medicine Modernization, Ministry of Education, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China.
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4
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Harrath AH, Alrezaki A, Jalouli M, Aldawood N, Aldahmash W, Mansour L, Alwasel S. Ethylbenzene exposure disrupts ovarian function in Wistar rats via altering folliculogenesis and steroidogenesis-related markers and activating autophagy and apoptosis. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2022; 229:113081. [PMID: 34920183 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.113081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Ethylbenzene is a hydrocarbon that is extensively used in both industry and in the home and has been reported as toxic to various tissues. Nevertheless, its effect on ovarian function remains unclear. For this purpose, we assessed ovarian tissue morphology, evaluated protein and gene expression related to folliculogenesis and steroidogenesis, and investigated the involvement of both apoptosis and autophagy processes in this effect. Female Wistar albinos rats were treated with 2000, 4000 and 8000 ppm doses of ethylbenzene by inhalation for 30 min daily for one month. Ovaries were then removed and proceeded for histopathological and molecular analyses. We found that ethylbenzene affected folliculogenesis by decreasing the number of growing follicles and increasing the number of abnormal follicles, leading to faster female reproductive aging. Interestingly, it disrupted female reproductive hormone balance, including progesterone, estradiol, testosterone and IGF-1 plasma levels. The latter protein, along with GDF-9, significantly decreased in all ethylbenzene-treated groups, leading to the disruption of follicular cell proliferation and development. TUNEL assay study showed that ethylbenzene exposure significantly increased the number of apoptotic cells. The mRNA levels of genes involved in granulosa cell proliferation and differentiation, such as INSL3, CCND2 and ACTB, were significantly decreased. In addition, LC3 protein expression increased, and its encoding gene was upregulated, suggesting that ethylbenzene treatment induced autophagy. In summary, ethylbenzene exposure caused structural and functional disorders of the ovary by disrupting the normal growth of follicles, altering reproductive hormone balance, inhibiting the expression of key reproductive proteins and triggering autophagy as well as apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdel Halim Harrath
- King Saud University, Department of Zoology, College of Science, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Abdulkarem Alrezaki
- King Saud University, Department of Zoology, College of Science, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maroua Jalouli
- King Saud University, Department of Zoology, College of Science, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nouf Aldawood
- King Saud University, Department of Zoology, College of Science, Saudi Arabia
| | - Waleed Aldahmash
- King Saud University, Department of Zoology, College of Science, Saudi Arabia
| | - Lamjed Mansour
- King Saud University, Department of Zoology, College of Science, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saleh Alwasel
- King Saud University, Department of Zoology, College of Science, Saudi Arabia
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Hong Q, Ling L, Huang W, Liu Y, Zhuo Y, Hong Z, Wu B, Zhang Y. LncRNA RNCR3 promotes endothelial cell proliferation and inflammatory cytokine secretion via regulating miR-185-5p/ cyclin D2 axis. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2021; 28:27025-27032. [PMID: 33501579 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-12117-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Endothelial cell is one critical structure of blood vessels, and irregular migration and proliferation of endothelial cell might cause progression of several vascular diseases such as atherosclerosis and restenosis. We showed that TNF-α, PDGF-bb, and IL-1β promote RNCR3 expression in a dose-dependent manner inhuman endothelial cell. RNCR3 level is higher in serum of atherosclerosis patients compared with those in control volunteers. Overexpression of RNCR3 promotes cell proliferation and three inflammatory cytokine secretion including IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α in endothelial cell. We illustrated that overexpression of RNCR3 inhibits miR-185-5p expression in endothelial cell. Furthermore, we indicated that miR-185-5p level is lower in the serum of patients with atherosclerosis compared with those in control volunteers. There is a negative correlation between miR-185-5p and RNCR3 expression in serum of patients with atherosclerosis. Using Targetscan, it predicted that miR-185-5p may bind to cyclin D2 and miR-185-5p is one potential target of miR-185-5p. Luciferase reporter data indicated that miR-185-5p suppresses luciferase value of wild-type cyclin D2 while it has no influence of cyclin D2 mutant. Overexpression of RNCR3 enhances cyclin D2 expression in endothelial cell. Moreover, RNCR3 induces cell growth and enhances inflammatory cytokine secretion through modulating cyclin D2 expression in endothelial cell. These results suggested that RNCR3 may serve as one new target for the treatment of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quanlong Hong
- Department of Neurology, Quanzhou First Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, 362000, Fujian, China
| | - Lin Ling
- Department of Endocrinology, Quanzhou First Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, 362000, Fujian, China
| | - Wenli Huang
- Department of Neurology, Quanzhou First Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, 362000, Fujian, China
| | - Yilan Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Quanzhou First Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, 362000, Fujian, China
| | - Yafen Zhuo
- Department of Endocrinology, Quanzhou First Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, 362000, Fujian, China
| | - Zhenzhen Hong
- Department of Endocrinology, Quanzhou First Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, 362000, Fujian, China
| | - Bing Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Quanzhou First Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, 362000, Fujian, China.
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Quanzhou First Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, 362000, Fujian, China.
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Lee HS, Jung DW, Han S, Kang HS, Suh JH, Oh HS, Hwang MS, Moon G, Park Y, Hong JH, Koo YE. Veterinary drug, 17β-trenbolone promotes the proliferation of human prostate cancer cell line through the Akt/AR signaling pathway. Chemosphere 2018; 198:364-369. [PMID: 29421751 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.01.145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Revised: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/27/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Trenbolone acetate (TBA) is a synthetic anabolic steroidal growth factor that is used for rapid muscle development in cattle. The absorbed TBA is hydrolyzed to the active form, 17β-trenbolone (17 TB; 17β-hydroxy-estra-4,9,11-trien-3-one) in meat and milk products, which can cause adverse health effects in humans. Similar to 5α-dihydrotestosterone (DHT), 17 TB was reported to exhibit endocrine disrupting effects on animals and humans due to its androgenic effect via binding to the androgen receptor. The purpose of this study is to investigate the molecular mechanism of cell proliferation in prostate cancer (PCa) cells treated with 17 TB. We found that 17 TB induces AR-dependent cell proliferation in the human prostate cancer cell line, 22Rv1 in a concentration dependent manner. Treatment with 17 TB increased the expression of cell cycle regulatory proteins, cyclin D2/CDK-4 and cyclin E/CDK-2, whereas the expression of p27 was down-regulated. Furthermore, phosphorylation of Rb and activation of E2F were also induced, which suggests the activation of cyclin D2/CDK-4 and cyclin E/CDK-2 in the cells. When 22Rv1 cells were exposed to 30 pM of 17 TB, which is the effective concentration (EC50) value required to observe proliferative effects on 22Rv1 cells, the expression levels of the phosphorylated forms of Akt and GSK3β were increased. This study demonstrates that 17 TB induces AR-dependent proliferation through the modulation of cell cycle-related proteins in the Akt signaling pathway. The present study provides an effective methodology for identifying cell proliferation signaling of veterinary drugs that exert AR agonistic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee-Seok Lee
- National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, Chungcheongbuk-do 28159, Republic of Korea.
| | - Da-Woon Jung
- National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, Chungcheongbuk-do 28159, Republic of Korea
| | - Songyi Han
- National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, Chungcheongbuk-do 28159, Republic of Korea
| | - Hui-Seung Kang
- National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, Chungcheongbuk-do 28159, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Hyang Suh
- National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, Chungcheongbuk-do 28159, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Suk Oh
- National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, Chungcheongbuk-do 28159, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung-Sil Hwang
- National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, Chungcheongbuk-do 28159, Republic of Korea
| | - Guiim Moon
- National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, Chungcheongbuk-do 28159, Republic of Korea
| | - Yooheon Park
- Dongguk University Research Institute of Biotechnology & Medical Converged Science, Dongguk University, Gyeonggi 10325, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Hwan Hong
- National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, Chungcheongbuk-do 28159, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Eui Koo
- National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, Chungcheongbuk-do 28159, Republic of Korea.
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7
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Abstract
Dental pulp cells can be exposed to hypoxia during severe inflammation or restorative procedures, though their response to hypoxia is not well-understood. We hypothesized that hypoxia has effects on the growth of pulp cells in vitro. When the cells were exposed to hypoxia for 48 hr, cell growth was suppressed, and cell death was detected by Hoechst staining. Western blot analysis revealed that phosphorylation of retinoblastoma protein was inhibited in cells exposed to hypoxia. Analyses of the molecules involved in retinoblastoma protein phosphorylation revealed that hypoxia suppressed cyclin D2 and activated p21CIP1/WAF1. Further, hypoxia-exposed pulp cells showed improvement of cell viability, cell-cycle progression, and expression of cyclin D2 with re-oxygenation. These findings indicate that hypoxia-induced cell cycle arrest in pulp cells is reversible, while cyclin D2 may play an essential role in the improvement of cell proliferation with re-oxygenation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Ueno
- Division of Pulp Biology, Operative Dentistry, and Endodontics, Department of Cariology and Periodontology, Science of Oral Functions, Kyushu Dental College, 2-6-1 Manazuru, Kokurakita, Kitakyushu 803-8580, Japan
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Tang FC, Wang HY, Ma MM, Guan TW, Pan L, Yao DC, Chen YL, Chen WB, Tu YS, Fu XD. CyPA-CD147-ERK1/2- cyclin D2 signaling pathway is upregulated during rat left ventricular hypertrophy. Sheng Li Xue Bao 2015; 67:393-400. [PMID: 26300251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The changes of serum cyclophilin A (CyPA), its receptor CD147 and the downstream signaling pathway during the process of cardiac hypertrophy remain unknown. The present study aims to investigate the relationships between CyPA-CD147-ERK1/2-cyclin D2 signaling pathway and the development of cardiac hypertrophy. Left ventricular hypertrophy was prepared by 2-kidney, 2-clip in Sprague-Dawley rats and observed for 1 week, 4 and 8 weeks. Left ventricular hypertrophy was evaluated by ratio of left ventricular heart weight to body weight (LVW/BW) and cardiomyocyte cross sectional area (CSA). CyPA levels in serum were determined with a rat CyPA ELISA kit. Expressions of CyPA, CD147, phospho-ERK1/2 and cyclin D2 in left ventricular myocytes were determined by Western blot and immunostaining. Compared with sham groups, systolic blood pressure reached hypertensive levels at 4 weeks in 2K2C groups. LVW/BW and CSA in 2K2C groups were significantly increased at 4 and 8 weeks after clipping. ELISA results indicated a prominent increase in serum CyPA level associated with the degree of left ventricular hypertrophy. Western blot revealed that the expressions of CyPA, CD147, phospho-ERK1/2 and cyclin D2 in left ventricular tissues were also remarkably increased as the cardiac hypertrophy developed. The results of the present study demonstrates that serum CyPA and CyPA-CD147-ERK1/2-cyclin D2 signaling pathway in ventricular tissues are time-dependently upregulated and activated with the process of left ventricular hypertrophy. These data suggest that CyPA-CD147 signaling cascade might play a role in the pathogenesis of left ventricular hypertrophy, and CyPA might be a prognosticator of the degree of left ventricular hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu-Cai Tang
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510182, China
- The First Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510182, China
| | - Hong-Yan Wang
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510182, China
| | - Ming-Ming Ma
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Tian-Wang Guan
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510182, China
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510182, China
| | - Long Pan
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510182, China
- The Third Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510182, China
| | - Dun-Chen Yao
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510182, China
- The Third Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510182, China
| | - Ya-Lan Chen
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510182, China
- The First Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510182, China
| | - Wei-Bei Chen
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510182, China
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510182, China
| | - Yong-Sheng Tu
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510182, China.
| | - Xiao-Dong Fu
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510182, China
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Thu YM, Su Y, Yang J, Splittgerber R, Na S, Boyd A, Mosse C, Simons C, Richmond A. NF-κB inducing kinase (NIK) modulates melanoma tumorigenesis by regulating expression of pro-survival factors through the β-catenin pathway. Oncogene 2012; 31:2580-92. [PMID: 21963849 PMCID: PMC3253179 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2011.427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2011] [Revised: 08/13/2011] [Accepted: 08/20/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) inducing kinase (NIK) is a MAP3K that regulates the activation of NF-κB. NIK is often highly expressed in tumor cells, including melanoma, but the significance of this in melanoma progression has been unclear. Tissue microarray analysis of NIK expression reveals that dysplastic nevi (n=22), primary (n=15) and metastatic melanoma (n=13) lesions showed a statistically significant elevation in NIK expression when compared with benign nevi (n=30). Moreover, when short hairpin RNA techniques were used to knock-down NIK, the resultant NIK-depleted melanoma cell lines exhibited decreased proliferation, increased apoptosis, delayed cell cycle progression and reduced tumor growth in a mouse xenograft model. As expected, when NIK was depleted there was decreased activation of the non-canonical NF-κB pathway, whereas canonical NF-κB activation remained intact. NIK depletion also resulted in reduced expression of genes that contribute to tumor growth, including CXCR4, c-MYC and c-MET, and pro-survival factors such as BCL2 and survivin. These changes in gene expression are not fully explained by the attenuation of the non-canonical NF-κB pathway. Shown here for the first time is the demonstration that NIK modulates β-catenin-mediated transcription to promote expression of survivin. NIK-depleted melanoma cells exhibited downregulation of survivin as well as other β-catenin regulated genes including c-MYC, c-MET and CCND2. These data indicate that NIK mediates both β-catenin and NF-κB regulated transcription to modulate melanoma survival and growth. Thus, NIK may be a promising therapeutic target for melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yee Mon Thu
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - Yingjun Su
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - Jinming Yang
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - Ryan Splittgerber
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - Songqing Na
- Oncology Research, Eli Lily and Co., Indianapolis, IN 46285
| | - Alan Boyd
- Division of Dermatology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37204
| | - Claudio Mosse
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - Christopher Simons
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - Ann Richmond
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Nashville, TN
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232
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10
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Zhang L, Ma H, Greyner HJ, Zuo W, Mummert ME. Inhibition of cell proliferation by CD44: Akt is inactivated and EGR-1 is down-regulated. Cell Prolif 2010; 43:385-95. [PMID: 20590664 PMCID: PMC6496187 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2184.2010.00689.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2009] [Accepted: 11/30/2009] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE CD44 is a transmembrane glycoprotein and can facilitate signal transduction by serving as a platform for molecular recruitment and assembly. A number of studies have suggested that CD44 can either positively or negatively regulate cell proliferation. The purpose of this study was to investigate how CD44 can inhibit cell proliferation. MATERIALS AND METHODS We engineered E6.1 Jurkat cells to express CD44. Importantly, these cells lack endogenous CD44 expression. Molecular pathways involved with cell proliferation were studied using RT(2)-PCR array, siRNA, Western blotting and by employing pharmacological inhibitors of ERK1/2, p38 and the PI3K/Akt pathways. RESULTS We found that CD44 expression significantly inhibited cell proliferation and down-regulated EGR-1 expression and EGR-1 targets cyclin D1 and cyclin D2. Transfection of control E6.1 Jurkat cells with EGR-1 siRNA also inhibited cell proliferation, confirming its role. Disruption of the PI3K/Akt pathway with pharmacological inhibitors reduced both EGR-1 expression and cell proliferation, recapitulating the properties of CD44 expressing cells. Akt was hypophosphorylated in cells expressing CD44 showing its potential role in negatively regulating Akt activation. Strikingly, constitutively active Akt rescued the proliferation defect showing requirement for active Akt, in our system. CONCLUSION Our results suggest a novel pathway by which CD44 inactivates Akt, down-regulates EGR-1 expression and inhibits cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- L.‐S. Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, USA
- Mental Sciences Institute, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, USA
- Department of Dermatology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - H.‐W. Ma
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - H. J. Greyner
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, USA
- Mental Sciences Institute, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, USA
- Department of Dermatology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - W. Zuo
- Department of Dermatology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - M. E. Mummert
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, USA
- Mental Sciences Institute, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, USA
- Department of Dermatology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
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11
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Abstract
Gliomas are the most common adult primary brain tumors, and the most malignant form, glioblastoma multiforme, is invariably fatal. The phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)-Akt signaling pathway is altered in most glioblastoma multiforme. PTEN, an important negative regulator of the PI3K-Akt pathway, is also commonly mutated in glioma, leading to constitutive activation of Akt. One ultimate consequence is phosphorylation and inactivation of FOXO forkhead transcription factors that regulate genes involved in apoptosis, cell cycle arrest, nutrient availability, DNA repair, stress, and angiogenesis. We tested the ability of a mutant FOXO1 factor that is not subject to Akt phosphorylation to overcome dysregulated PI3K-Akt signaling in two PTEN-null glioma cell lines, U87 and U251. Adenovirus-mediated gene transfer of the mutant FOXO1 successfully restored cell cycle arrest and induced cell death in vitro and prolonged survival in vivo in xenograft models of human glioma (33% survival at 1 year of animals bearing U251 tumors). However, U87 were much more resistant than U251 to mutant FOXO1-induced death, showing evidence of increased nuclear export and Akt-independent phosphorylation of FOXO1 at S249. A cyclin-dependent kinase 2 inhibitor decreased phosphorylation of S249 and rendered U87 cells significantly more susceptible to mutant FOXO1-induced death. Our results indicate that targeting FOXO1, which is at the convergence point of several growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase pathways, can effectively induce glioma cell death and inhibit tumor growth. They also highlight the importance of Akt-independent phosphorylation events in the nuclear export of FOXO1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cara J Lau
- Department of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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12
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Abstract
The mammalian secondary palate arises by outgrowth from the oral side of the paired maxillary processes flanking the primitive oral cavity. Palatal growth depends on reciprocal interactions between the oral ectoderm and the underlying neural-crest-derived mesenchyme. Previous studies have implicated sonic hedgehog (Shh) as an important epithelial signal for regulating palatal growth. However, the cellular and molecular mechanisms through which Shh regulates palatal development in vivo have not been directly analyzed, due in part to early embryonic lethality of mice lacking Shh or other essential components of the Shh signaling pathway. Using Cre/loxP-mediated tissue-specific inactivation of the smoothened (Smo) gene in the developing palatal mesenchyme, we show that the epithelially expressed Shh signals directly to the palatal mesenchyme to regulate palatal mesenchyme cell proliferation through maintenance of cyclin D1 (Ccnd1) and Ccnd2 expression. Moreover, we show that Shh-Smo signaling specifically regulates the expression of the transcription factors Foxf1a, Foxf2 and Osr2 in the developing palatal mesenchyme. Furthermore, we show that Shh signaling regulates Bmp2, Bmp4 and Fgf10 expression in the developing palatal mesenchyme and that specific inactivation of Smo in the palatal mesenchyme indirectly affects palatal epithelial cell proliferation. Together with previous reports that the mesenchymally expressed Fgf10 signals to the palatal epithelium to regulate Shh mRNA expression and cell proliferation, these data demonstrate that Shh signaling plays a central role in coordinating the reciprocal epithelial-mesenchymal interactions controlling palatal outgrowth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Lan
- Center for Oral Biology and Department of Biomedical Genetics, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
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13
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Balcazar N, Sathyamurthy A, Elghazi L, Gould A, Weiss A, Shiojima I, Walsh K, Bernal-Mizrachi E. mTORC1 activation regulates beta-cell mass and proliferation by modulation of cyclin D2 synthesis and stability. J Biol Chem 2009; 284:7832-42. [PMID: 19144649 PMCID: PMC2658077 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m807458200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2008] [Revised: 12/29/2008] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Growth factors, insulin signaling, and nutrients are important regulators of beta-cell mass and function. The events linking these signals to the regulation of beta-cell mass are not completely understood. The mTOR pathway integrates signals from growth factors and nutrients. Here, we evaluated the role of the mTOR/raptor (mTORC1) signaling in proliferative conditions induced by controlled activation of Akt signaling. These experiments show that the mTORC1 is a major regulator of beta-cell cycle progression by modulation of cyclin D2, D3, and Cdk4 activity. The regulation of cell cycle progression by mTORC1 signaling resulted from modulation of the synthesis and stability of cyclin D2, a critical regulator of beta-cell cycle, proliferation, and mass. These studies provide novel insights into the regulation of cell cycle by the mTORC1, provide a mechanism for the antiproliferative effects of rapamycin, and imply that the use of rapamycin could negatively impact the success of islet transplantation and the adaptation of beta-cells to insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norman Balcazar
- Washington University School of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism & Lipid Research, St. Louis, Missouri, 63110, USA
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14
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Kim SA, Kim SW, Chang S, Yoon JH, Ahn SG. 5'-nitro-indirubinoxime induces G2/M cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in human KB oral carcinoma cells. Cancer Lett 2009; 274:72-7. [PMID: 18926623 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2008.08.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2008] [Revised: 07/23/2008] [Accepted: 08/29/2008] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Our previous study demonstrated that the novel indirubin derivative, 5'-nitro-indirubinoxime (5'-NIO), effectively arrested the tumor growth through the inhibition of cell proliferation and the induction of apoptosis. However, the precise molecular mechanisms underlying 5'-NIO-induced antitumor activity remain unclear. Here, we report that 5'-NIO inhibits the proliferation of human KB oral carcinoma cells via the cell cycle arrest in G2/M phase. 5'-NIO reduced the activity of Cdc2/cyclin B complex through the inhibition of the PLK1 expression. Partially, 5'-NIO also arrested cell cycle in G1/S phase via the reduction of CDK4 and cyclin D1/D3 levels by p16 and induction of the level of p21waf1. Using flow cytometry analysis, we showed that 5'-NIO-induced cell cycle arrest is followed by apoptosis. We determined further that 5'-NIO-induced apoptosis is accomplished by the mitochondria-dependent activation of the caspase cascade. Overall, these observations suggest the potential value of 5'-NIO as a candidate for a therapeutic modality for the treatment of oral cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo-A Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, Dongguk University College of Oriental Medicine, Gyeongju 780-714, Republic of Korea
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15
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Kayampilly PP, Menon KMJ. Follicle-stimulating hormone inhibits adenosine 5'-monophosphate-activated protein kinase activation and promotes cell proliferation of primary granulosa cells in culture through an Akt-dependent pathway. Endocrinology 2009; 150:929-35. [PMID: 18927218 PMCID: PMC2646539 DOI: 10.1210/en.2008-1032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
FSH, acting through multiple signaling pathways, regulates the proliferation and growth of granulosa cells, which are critical for ovulation. The present study investigated whether AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), which controls the energy balance of the cell, plays a role in FSH-mediated increase in granulosa cell proliferation. Cells isolated from immature rat ovaries were grown in serum-free, phenol red free DMEM-F12 and were treated with FSH (50 ng/ml) for 0, 5, and 15 min. Western blot analysis showed a significant reduction in AMPK activation as observed by a reduction of phosphorylation at thr 172 in response to FSH treatment at all time points tested. FSH also reduced AMPK phosphorylation in a dose-dependent manner with maximum inhibition at 100 ng/ml. The chemical activator of AMPK (5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-D-ribofuranoside, 0.5 mm) increased the cell cycle inhibitor p27 kip expression significantly, whereas the AMPK inhibitor (compound C, 20 microm) and FSH reduced p27kip expression significantly compared with control. FSH treatment resulted in an increase in the phosphorylation of AMPK at ser 485/491 and a reduction in thr 172 phosphorylation. Inhibition of Akt phosphorylation using Akt inhibitor VIII reversed the inhibitory effect of FSH on thr 172 phosphorylation of AMPK, whereas ERK inhibitor U0126 had no effect. These results show that FSH, through an Akt-dependent pathway, phosphorylates AMPK at ser 481/495 and inhibits its activation by reducing thr 172 phosphorylation. AMPK activation by 5-amino-imidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-D-ribofuranoside treatment resulted in a reduction of cell cycle regulatory protein cyclin D2 mRNA expression, whereas FSH increased the expression by 2-fold. These results suggest that FSH promotes granulosa cell proliferation by increasing cyclin D2 mRNA expression and by reducing p27 kip expression by inhibiting AMPK activation through an Akt-dependent pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pradeep P Kayampilly
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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16
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Qin W, Zhu W, Shi H, Hewett JE, Ruhlen RL, MacDonald RS, Rottinghaus GE, Chen YC, Sauter ER. Soy isoflavones have an antiestrogenic effect and alter mammary promoter hypermethylation in healthy premenopausal women. Nutr Cancer 2009; 61:238-44. [PMID: 19235040 PMCID: PMC3390914 DOI: 10.1080/01635580802404196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
We determined if soy isoflavones have dose-related estrogenic and methylation effects. Thirty-four healthy premenopausal women were randomized to 40 mg or 140 mg isoflavones daily through one menstrual cycle. Breast specific and systemic estrogenic effects were assessed measuring the estrogenic marker complement (C)3 and changes in cytology, whereas methylation assessment of 5 cancer related genes (p16, RASSF1A, RARbeta2, ER, and CCND2) was performed on intraductal specimens. Serum genistein significantly increased after consuming both isoflavone doses. Cytology did not significantly change at either isoflavone dose. Serum C3 levels posttreatment were inversely related to change in serum genistein (r =-0.76, P = 0.0045) in women consuming low but not high dose isoflavones. The RAR beta 2 hypermethylation increase posttreatment correlated with the posttreatment genistein level considering the entire group (r = 0.67, P = 0.0017) and those receiving high-dose isoflavones (r = 0.68, P = 0.021). At the low but not the high isoflavone dose, CCND2 hypermethylation increase correlated with posttreatment genistein levels (r = 0.79, P = 0.011). In summary, the inverse correlation between C3 and genistein suggests an antiestrogenic effect. Isoflavones induced dose-specific changes in RARbeta2 and CCND2 gene methylation, which correlated with genistein levels. This work provides novel insights into estrogenic and methylation effects of dietary isoflavones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyi Qin
- Department of Surgery, University of Missouri School of Medicine-Columbia, One Hospital Drive, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
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17
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Dudkowska M, Bajer S, Jaworski T, Zielińska J, Manteuffel-Cymborowska M, Grzelakowska-Sztabert B. Antifolate/folate-activated HGF/c-Met signalling pathways in mouse kidneys-the putative role of their downstream effectors in cross-talk with androgen receptor. Arch Biochem Biophys 2008; 483:111-9. [PMID: 19135973 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2008.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2008] [Revised: 12/19/2008] [Accepted: 12/22/2008] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
This in vivo study of mouse kidneys was focused on the identification of protein mediators involved in the cross-talk between two signalling pathways. One pathway was triggered by testosterone via an androgen receptor, AR, and the other induced by CB 3717/folate via HGF, and its membrane receptor c-Met. Sequential activation of these pathways leads to a drastic decrease of testosterone-induced ornithine decarboxylase, ODC, expression. We proved that CB 3717/folate-induced ODC expression is Akt-dependent. CB 3717/folate activates Akt and ERK1/2 kinases, PTEN phosphatase and also up-regulates cyclin D2 and PCNA, but decreases GSK3beta and cyclin D1 protein levels. Testosterone activation of AR induces GSK3beta and PTEN. Results of the sequential activation of the studied signalling pathways suggest that Akt, GSK3beta and possibly ERK1/2 kinases may participate in the negative cross-talk and attenuation of AR transactivity, while the involvement of PTEN and cyclin D1 seems to be doubtful.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Dudkowska
- Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
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18
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Kuroda Y, Sakai A, Tsuyama N, Katayama Y, Munemasa S, Asaoku H, Okikawa Y, Nakaju N, Mizuno M, Ogawa K, Nishisaka T, Matsui H, Tanaka H, Kimura A. Ectopic cyclin D1 overexpression increases chemosensitivity but not cell proliferation in multiple myeloma. Int J Oncol 2008; 33:1201-1213. [PMID: 19020753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
We established a myeloma cell line (RPMI8226) with cyclin D1 overexpression in which the transfected cyclin D1 gene was stably expressed. D1 transfectants showed down-regulation of cyclin D2. Cell proliferation analysis did not show any differences among RPMI8226, mock control, and D1 transfectants. The number of S-phase cells increased while the number of G0/G1- and G2/M-phase cells decreased in D1 transfectants, which indicates a prolonged S-phase caused by cyclin D1 transfection. A decreased number of G2/M-phase cells was also detected in myeloma cells of patients with translocation t(11;14)(q13;q32). Western blot analysis revealed an increase in the hyperphosphorylated form of retinoblastoma (Rb) protein in D1 transfectants; however, the expression of p53, p16, Bax, Bad, Bcl-2, and Mcl-1 did not significantly change. Treatment with anti-myeloma drugs (melphalan, dexamethasone, bortezomib and immunomodulatory compounds) induced apoptosis earlier in D1 transfectants compared with RPMI8226 and mock control via the activation of both caspase-8 and -9. However, we could not detect a relationship between cyclin D1 expression and the response to treatment with VAD and bortezomib. Therefore, we assume that high sensitivity to anti-myeloma drugs depends on the duration of the S-phase, but a clinical response might depend on the number of myeloma cells with cyclin D1 overexpression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiaki Kuroda
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, RIRBM, Hiroshima University, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
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19
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Kyrönlahti A, Rämö M, Tamminen M, Unkila-Kallio L, Butzow R, Leminen A, Nemer M, Rahman N, Huhtaniemi I, Heikinheimo M, Anttonen M. GATA-4 regulates Bcl-2 expression in ovarian granulosa cell tumors. Endocrinology 2008; 149:5635-42. [PMID: 18653721 DOI: 10.1210/en.2008-0148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Excessive cell proliferation and decreased apoptosis have been implicated in the pathogenesis of ovarian granulosa cell tumors (GCTs). We hypothesized that transcription factor GATA-4 controls expression of the antiapoptotic factor Bcl-2 and the cell cycle regulator cyclin D2 in normal and neoplastic granulosa cells. To test this hypothesis, a tissue microarray based on 80 GCTs was subjected to immunohistochemistry for GATA-4, Bcl-2, and cyclin D2, and the data were correlated to clinical and histopathological parameters. In addition, quantitative RT-PCR for GATA-4, Bcl-2, and cyclin D2 was performed on 21 human GCTs. A mouse GCT model was used to complement these studies. The role of GATA-4 in the regulation of Bcl2 and ccdn2 (coding for cyclin D2) was studied by transactivation assays, and by disrupting GATA-4 function with dominant negative approaches in mouse and human GCT cell lines. We found that GATA-4 expression correlated with Bcl-2 and cyclin D2 expression in human and murine GCTs. Moreover, GATA-4 enhanced Bcl-2 and cyclin D2 promoter activity in murine GCT cells. Whereas GATA-4 overexpression up-regulated and dominant negative GATA-4 suppressed Bcl-2 expression in human GCT cells, the effects on cyclin D2 were negligible. Our results reveal a previously unknown relationship between GATA-4 and Bcl-2 in mammalian granulosa cells and GCTs, and suggest that GATA-4 influences granulosa cell fate by transactivating Bcl-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antti Kyrönlahti
- Children's Hospital and Institute of Biomedicine, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
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20
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Parsi MA, Li A, Li CP, Goggins M. DNA methylation alterations in endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography brush samples of patients with suspected pancreaticobiliary disease. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2008; 6:1270-8. [PMID: 18995218 PMCID: PMC2636968 DOI: 10.1016/j.cgh.2008.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2008] [Revised: 07/01/2008] [Accepted: 07/02/2008] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Molecular markers of pancreatic neoplasia could aid in the evaluation of suspicious pancreatic lesions where cytology is nondiagnostic. We evaluated the utility of detecting and measuring aberrantly methylated DNA as markers of pancreatic and other periampullary cancers. METHODS Methylation analysis was performed on endoscopically obtained brush samples from the biliary and pancreatic ducts from 130 individuals with biliary tract strictures: 41 with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, 10 with biliary tract cancers, 13 with other periampullary neoplasms, and 66 with non-neoplastic strictures including 27 with primary sclerosing cholangitis and 39 with other benign strictures. Brush DNA concentrations of methylated Cyclin D2, NPTX2, and TFPI2 promoter DNA were measured by real-time quantitative methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction (QMSP). Conventional MSP was also performed with a 5-gene panel. RESULTS QMSP could accurately distinguish patients with pancreatic cancer and other periampullary cancers from those with benign periampullary disease; 73.2% of patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma had at least 1 gene positive for methylation by QMSP (defined as > or =1% TFPI-2 DNA and > or =3% methylated NPTX2 and Cyclin D2 DNA) in their brush samples, compared with 80% of patients with a biliary tract cancer and only 13.6% of patients with a benign stricture (P < .001). Cytology had 19.5% sensitivity and 100% specificity. QMSP had significantly better overall diagnostic accuracy than both cytology and MSP. CONCLUSIONS The detection and quantification of aberrantly methylated DNA in endoscopic brush samples are a promising tool to differentiate benign from malignant biliary strictures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mansour A. Parsi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Ang Li
- Department of Pathology, The Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Chung-Pin Li
- Department of Pathology, The Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Michael Goggins
- Department of Pathology, The Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland
- Department of Oncology, The Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland
- Department of Medicine, The Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland
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21
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Hacein-Bey-Abina S, Garrigue A, Wang GP, Soulier J, Lim A, Morillon E, Clappier E, Caccavelli L, Delabesse E, Beldjord K, Asnafi V, MacIntyre E, Dal Cortivo L, Radford I, Brousse N, Sigaux F, Moshous D, Hauer J, Borkhardt A, Belohradsky BH, Wintergerst U, Velez MC, Leiva L, Sorensen R, Wulffraat N, Blanche S, Bushman FD, Fischer A, Cavazzana-Calvo M. Insertional oncogenesis in 4 patients after retrovirus-mediated gene therapy of SCID-X1. J Clin Invest 2008. [PMID: 18688285 DOI: 10.1172/jc135700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Previously, several individuals with X-linked SCID (SCID-X1) were treated by gene therapy to restore the missing IL-2 receptor gamma (IL2RG) gene to CD34+ BM precursor cells using gammaretroviral vectors. While 9 of 10 patients were successfully treated, 4 of the 9 developed T cell leukemia 31-68 months after gene therapy. In 2 of these cases, blast cells contained activating vector insertions near the LIM domain-only 2 (LMO2) proto-oncogene. Here, we report data on the 2 most recent adverse events, which occurred in patients 7 and 10. In patient 10, blast cells contained an integrated vector near LMO2 and a second integrated vector near the proto-oncogene BMI1. In patient 7, blast cells contained an integrated vector near a third proto-oncogene,CCND2. Additional genetic abnormalities in the patients' blast cells included chromosomal translocations, gain-of-function mutations activating NOTCH1, and copy number changes, including deletion of tumor suppressor gene CDKN2A, 6q interstitial losses, and SIL-TAL1 rearrangement. These findings functionally specify a genetic network that controls growth in T cell progenitors. Chemotherapy led to sustained remission in 3 of the 4 cases of T cell leukemia, but failed in the fourth. Successful chemotherapy was associated with restoration of polyclonal transduced T cell populations. As a result, the treated patients continued to benefit from therapeutic gene transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salima Hacein-Bey-Abina
- Department of Biotherapy, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Université René Descartes, Paris, France.
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22
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Walzlein JH, Synowitz M, Engels B, Markovic DS, Gabrusiewicz K, Nikolaev E, Yoshikawa K, Kaminska B, Kempermann G, Uckert W, Kaczmarek L, Kettenmann H, Glass R. The antitumorigenic response of neural precursors depends on subventricular proliferation and age. Stem Cells 2008; 26:2945-54. [PMID: 18757298 DOI: 10.1634/stemcells.2008-0307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastomas, the most aggressive primary brain tumors, occur almost exclusively in adult patients. Neural precursor cells (NPCs) are antitumorigenic in mice, as they can migrate to glioblastomas and induce tumor cell death. Here, we show that the antitumor effect of NPCs is age-dependently controlled by cell proliferation in the subventricular zone (SVZ) and that NPCs accumulating at a glioblastoma are diverted from their normal migratory path to the olfactory bulb. Experimentally induced cortical glioblastomas resulted in decreased subventricular proliferation in adult (postnatal day 90) but not in young (postnatal day 30) mice. Adult mice supplied fewer NPCs to glioblastomas and had larger tumors than young mice. Apart from the difference in proliferation, there was neither a change in cell number and death rate in the SVZ nor a change in angiogenesis and immune cell density in the tumors. The ability to kill glioblastomas was similar in NPCs isolated from young and adult mice. The proliferative response of NPCs to glioblastomas depended on the expression of D-type cyclins. In young mice, NPCs express the cyclins D1 and D2, but the expression of cyclin D1 is lost during aging, and in adult NPCs only cyclin D2 remains. In young and adult cyclin D2-deficient mice we observed a reduced supply of NPCs to glioblastomas and the generation of larger tumors compared with wild-type mice. We conclude that cyclin D1 and D2 are nonredundant for the antitumor response of subventricular NPCs. Loss of a single D-type cyclin results in a smaller pool of proliferating NPCs, lower number of NPCs migrating to the tumor, and reduced antitumor activity. Disclosure of potential conflicts of interest is found at the end of this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joo-Hee Walzlein
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin-Buch, Berlin, Germany
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Cho MA, Yashar P, Kim SK, Noh T, Gillam MP, Lee EJ, Jameson JL. HoxD10 gene delivery using adenovirus/adeno-associate hybrid virus inhibits the proliferation and tumorigenicity of GH4 pituitary lactotrope tumor cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2008; 371:371-4. [PMID: 18442473 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2008.04.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2008] [Accepted: 04/12/2008] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Prolactinoma is one of the most common types of pituitary adenoma. It has been reported that a variety of growth factors and cytokines regulating cell growth and angiogenesis play an important role in the growth of prolactinoma. HoxD10 has been shown to impair endothelial cell migration, block angiogenesis, and maintain a differentiated phenotype of cells. We investigated whether HoxD10 gene delivery could inhibit the growth of prolactinoma. Rat GH4 lactotrope tumor cells were infected with adenovirus/adeno-associated virus (Ad/AAV) hybrid vectors carrying the mouse HoxD10 gene (Hyb-HoxD10) or the beta-galactosidase gene (Hyb-Gal). Hyb-HoxD10 expression inhibited GH4 cell proliferation in vitro. The expression of FGF-2 and cyclin D2 was inhibited in GH4 cells infected with Hyb-HoxD10. GH4 cells transduced with Hyb-HoxD10 did not form tumors in nude mice. These results indicate that the delivery of HoxD10 could potentially inhibit the growth of PRL-secreting tumors. This approach may be a useful tool for targeted therapy of prolactinoma and other neoplasms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Ae Cho
- Division of Endocrinology, Pituitary Tumor Clinic, Research Institute of Endocrinology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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24
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Abstract
The effect of Bcl-2 on oncogenesis is complex and expression may either delay or accelerate oncogenesis. The pro-oncogenic activity is attributed to its well characterized anti-apoptotic function while the anti-oncogenic function has been attributed to its inhibition of cellular proliferation. Recent studies demonstrate that p27 may mediate the effects of Bcl-2 on cellular proliferation. We hypothesized that p27 may suppress tumor formation by Bcl-2 family members. To test this hypothesis, cell cycle inhibition and lymphoma development were examined in Lck-Bcl-2 and Lck-Bax38/1 transgenic mice deficient in p27. Strikingly, p27 deficiency synergistically cooperates with Bcl-2 to increase T cell hyperplasia and development of spontaneous T cell lymphomas. Within 1 year, >90% of these mice had developed thymic T cell lymphomas. This high penetrance contrasts with a one year incidence of <5% of thymic lymphoma in Lck-Bcl-2 or p27 -/- mice alone. In contrast, p27 deficiency had no effect on tumor formation in Lck-Bax38/1 transgenic mice, another model of T cell lymphoma. Histologically the lymphomas in p27 -/- Lck-Bcl-2 mice are lymphoblastic and frequently involve multiple organs suggesting an aggressive phenotype. Interestingly, in mature splenic T cells, Bcl-2 largely retains its anti-proliferative function even in the absence of p27. T cells from p27 -/- Lck-Bcl-2 mice show delayed kinetics of CDK2 Thr-160 phosphorylation. This delay is associated with a delay in the up regulation of both Cyclin D2 and D3. These data demonstrate a complex relationship between the Bcl-2 family, cellular proliferation, and oncogenesis and demonstrate that p27 up-regulation is not singularly important in the proliferative delay observed in T cells expressing Bcl-2 family members. Nonetheless, the results indicate that p27 is a critical tumor suppressor in the context of Bcl-2 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ningli Cheng
- Department of Pathology, Program in Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Iowa Roy J. and Lucille P. Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Christopher I. van de Wetering
- Department of Pathology, Program in Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Iowa Roy J. and Lucille P. Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - C. Michael Knudson
- Department of Pathology, Program in Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Iowa Roy J. and Lucille P. Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Sun A, Tang J, Hong Y, Song J, Terranova PF, Thrasher JB, Svojanovsky S, Wang HG, Li B. Androgen receptor-dependent regulation of Bcl-xL expression: Implication in prostate cancer progression. Prostate 2008; 68:453-61. [PMID: 18196538 DOI: 10.1002/pros.20723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recently we reported that silencing the androgen receptor (AR) gene reduced Bcl-xL expression that was associated with a profound apoptotic cell death in prostate cancer cells. In this study we further investigated AR-regulated Bcl-xL expression. METHODS Prostate cancer cell line LNCaP and its sublines, LNCaP/PURO and LNCaP/Bclxl, were used for cell proliferation assay and xenograft experiments in nude mice. Luciferase gene reporters driven by mouse or human bcl-x gene promoter were used to determine androgen regulation of Bcl-xL expression. RT-PCR and Western blot assays were conducted to assess Bcl-xL gene expression. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assay was performed to determine AR interaction with Bcl-xL promoter. Bcl-xL-induced alteration of gene expression was examined using cDNA microarray assay. RESULTS In cultured prostate cancer LNCaP cells, androgen treatment significantly increased Bcl-xL expression at mRNA and protein levels via an AR-dependent mechanism. Promoter analyses demonstrated that the AR mediated androgen-stimulated bcl-x promoter activation and that the AR interacted with bcl-x promoter. Enforced expression of Bcl-xL gene dramatically increased cell proliferation in vitro and promoted xenograft tumor growth in vivo. Genome-wide gene profiling analysis revealed that Bcl-xL expression was significantly higher in metastatic and castration-resistant diseases compared to normal prostate tissues or primary cancers. Bcl-xL overexpression significantly increased the expression of cyclin D2, which might be responsible for Bcl-xL-induced cell proliferation and tumor growth. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, our data strongly suggest that androgen stimulates Bcl-xL expression via the AR and that increased Bcl-xL expression plays a versatile role in castration-resistant progression of prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aijing Sun
- Department of Pathology, Shaoxing People's Hospital & the First Affiliated Hospital of Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, China
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Holmberg J, Ingner G, Johansson C, Leander P, Hjalt TA. PITX2 gain-of-function induced defects in mouse forelimb development. BMC Dev Biol 2008; 8:25. [PMID: 18312615 PMCID: PMC2275225 DOI: 10.1186/1471-213x-8-25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2007] [Accepted: 02/29/2008] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Limb development and patterning originate from a complex interplay between the skeletal elements, tendons, and muscles of the limb. One of the genes involved in patterning of limb muscles is the homeobox transcription factor Pitx2 but its role in forelimb development is uncharacterized. Pitx2 is expressed in the majority of premature presumptive forelimb musculature at embryonic day 12.5 and then maintained throughout embryogenesis to adult skeletal muscle. RESULTS To further study the role of Pitx2 in forelimb development we have generated transgenic mice that exhibit a pulse of PITX2 over-expression at embryonic day 13.5 and 14.5 in the developing forelimb mesenchyme. These mice exhibit a distal misplacement of the biceps brachii insertion during embryogenesis, which twists the forelimb musculature resulting in severe skeletal malformations. The skeletal malformations have some similarities to the forearm deformities present in Leri-Weill dyschondrosteosis. CONCLUSION Taken together, the tendon, muscle, and bone anomalies further support a role of Pitx2 in forelimb development and may also shed light on the interaction between the skeletal elements and muscles of the limb during embryogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johan Holmberg
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Division for Cell and Matrix Biology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Gorel Ingner
- Diagnostic Radiology, Malmö University Hospital, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Curt Johansson
- Diagnostic Radiology, Malmö University Hospital, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Peter Leander
- Diagnostic Radiology, Malmö University Hospital, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Tord A Hjalt
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Division for Cell and Matrix Biology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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Kauri LM, Wang GS, Patrick C, Bareggi M, Hill DJ, Scott FW. Increased islet neogenesis without increased islet mass precedes autoimmune attack in diabetes-prone rats. J Transl Med 2007; 87:1240-51. [PMID: 17906659 DOI: 10.1038/labinvest.3700687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
We reported previously that young BioBreeding diabetes-prone (BBdp) rats display increased neogenic extra-islet insulin+ clusters (EICs, <4 insulin+ cells) without an increase in beta-cell mass. Therefore, we investigated the possibility that abnormal islet expansion occurs in BBdp rats before the appearance of islet inflammation. Islet expansion was analyzed in pancreata from 14 to 45 day BBdp and control (BioBreeding control, BBc) rats using immunohistochemistry, morphometry, laser capture microdissection and reverse transcriptase-PCR. mRNA expression for Neurogenin-3, a developmental marker of endocrine progenitors, was three-fold greater in EIC of weanling BBdp and BBc rats compared with islet cells. With increasing age (14-30 days), Neurogenin-3 expression decreased in EIC and increased in islets. In BBdp rats, EIC number and beta-cell proliferation within EIC was greater compared with BBc animals; apoptosis did not differ. The area of small and medium islets in BBdp rats was greater than BBc rats between 14 and 30 days, but this did not result in increased total islet area or beta-cell mass. In addition, the number and area of very large islets was low at 45 days. The frequency of proliferating beta-cells decreased with increasing islet size in BBdp but was constant in BBc rats. Cell cycle analysis of islets revealed more G1 cells and fewer G2 cells in BBdp rats. The ratio of cyclinD2/Cdkn1a, genes that respectively promote or inhibit cell cycle progression, was decreased in BBdp islets. These results suggest that despite increased islet neogenesis, the capacity for islet expansion in diabetes-prone rats is compromised possibly due to decreased proliferative capacity with increasing islet size associated with a partial block at the G1/S cell cycle boundary in islet cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa M Kauri
- Chronic Disease and Molecular Medicine Programs, Ottawa Health Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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Mao X, Stewart AK, Hurren R, Datti A, Zhu X, Zhu Y, Shi C, Lee K, Tiedemann R, Eberhard Y, Trudel S, Liang S, Corey SJ, Gillis LC, Barber DL, Wrana JL, Ezzat S, Schimmer AD. A chemical biology screen identifies glucocorticoids that regulate c-maf expression by increasing its proteasomal degradation through up-regulation of ubiquitin. Blood 2007; 110:4047-54. [PMID: 17875808 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2007-05-088666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractThe oncogene c-maf is frequently overexpressed in multiple myeloma cell lines and patient samples and contributes to increased cellular proliferation in part by inducing cyclin D2 expression. To identify regulators of c-maf, we developed a chemical screen in NIH3T3 cells stably overexpressing c-maf and the cyclin D2 promoter driving luciferase. From a screen of 2400 off-patent drugs and chemicals, we identified glucocorticoids as c-maf–dependent inhibitors of cyclin D2 transactivation. In multiple myeloma cell lines, glucocorticoids reduced levels of c-maf protein without influencing corresponding mRNA levels. Subsequent studies demonstrated that glucocorticoids increased ubiquitination-dependent degradation of c-maf and up-regulated ubiquitin C mRNA. Moreover, ectopic expression of ubiquitin C recapitulated the effects of glucocorticoids, demonstrating regulation of c-maf protein through the abundance of the ubiquitin substrate. Thus, using a chemical biology approach, we identified a novel mechanism of action of glucocorticoids and a novel mechanism by which levels of c-maf protein are regulated by the abundance of the ubiquitin substrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinliang Mao
- Princess Margaret Hospital, Ontario Cancer Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Klaewsongkram J, Yang Y, Golech S, Katz J, Kaestner KH, Weng NP. Krüppel-like factor 4 regulates B cell number and activation-induced B cell proliferation. J Immunol 2007; 179:4679-84. [PMID: 17878366 PMCID: PMC2262926 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.179.7.4679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Krüppel-like factor 4 (Klf4) is a transcription factor and functions in regulating cell differentiation, cell growth, and cell cycle. Although Klf4 is expressed in lymphocytes, its function in lymphocytes is unknown. In this study, we report that the levels of Klf4 expression were low in pro-B cells and continuously increased in pre-B and in mature B cells. Upon activation, Klf4 was rapidly decreased in mature B cells after 2 h of activation. A modest decrease in numbers of pre-B cells in bone marrow and mature B cells in spleen was observed in Klf4-deficient mice. In the absence of Klf4, fewer B cells entered the S phase of the cell cycle and completed cell division in response to the engagement of BCR and/or CD40 in vitro. Furthermore, the delay in entering the cell cycle is associated with decreased expression of cyclin D2 in B cells that lack Klf4 expression. We then demonstrated that Klf4 directly bound to the promoter of cyclin D2 and regulated its expression. These findings demonstrate that Klf4 regulates B cell number and activation-induced B cell proliferation through directly acting on the promoter of cyclin D2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jettanong Klaewsongkram
- Laboratory of Immunology, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Yinhua Yang
- Laboratory of Immunology, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224
| | - Susanne Golech
- Laboratory of Immunology, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224
| | - Jonathan Katz
- Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania Medical School, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Klaus H. Kaestner
- Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania Medical School, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Nan-ping Weng
- Laboratory of Immunology, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224
- Address correspondence and reprint requests to Dr. Nan-ping Weng, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, 5600 Nathan Shock Drive, Box 21, Baltimore, MD 21224. E-mail address:
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Campi-Azevedo AC, Gazzinelli G, Bottazzi ME, Teixeira-Carvalho A, Corrêa-Oliveira R, Caldas IR. In vitro cultured peripheral blood mononuclear cells from patients with chronic schistosomiasis mansoni show immunomodulation of cyclin D1,2,3 in the presence of soluble egg antigens. Microbes Infect 2007; 9:1493-9. [PMID: 17913547 DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2007.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2007] [Revised: 07/25/2007] [Accepted: 08/05/2007] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Infection with Schistosoma mansoni induces a wide range of effects on the immune responses of the host. In the present study we investigated the influence of soluble egg antigens (SEA) on the cell cycle of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from infected and non-infected individuals with S. mansoni resident in an endemic area and blood donors from non-endemic area. The cell cycle, the expression of activation markers and cyclin D(+)(1,2,3) CD3(+) frequency was assessed by flow cytometry. Stimulation of PBMC from infected patients with SEA resulted in a lower frequency of CD3(+) T cells in S phase when compared with the non-infected group. In addition, infected patients presented a decrease of activation marker expression (CD69(+), HLA-DR(+) and CD28(-) on CD4(+) cells and CD25(+), HLA-DR(+) on CD8(+) cells). A reduced frequency was observed of cyclin D(1,2,3) expression in SEA-stimulated T cells from infected individuals when compared with those from the non-infected group. The decreased expression of activation markers and frequency of cyclin D(1,2,3) in T cells may result in arrest of T cells in the G(0)/G(1) phase of the cell cycle, thus explaining the down-regulation observed in chronic schistosomiasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Carolina Campi-Azevedo
- Laboratório de Imunologia Celular e Molecular, Instituto René Rachou/FIOCRUZ, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Avenida Augusto de Lima 1715, Barro Preto, 30190-002 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
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Belsõ N, Széll M, Pivarcsi A, Kis K, Kormos B, Kenderessy AS, Dobozy A, Kemény L, Bata-Csörgõ Z. Differential expression of D-type cyclins in HaCaT keratinocytes and in psoriasis. J Invest Dermatol 2007; 128:634-42. [PMID: 17882269 DOI: 10.1038/sj.jid.5701059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we show that the G0-G1/S phase of HaCaT keratinocyte cell cycle is characterized by D1-type cyclin expression, whereas during the repeated rapid turnover of highly proliferating cells, the expression of cyclins D2 and D3 dominates. Knocking down cyclin D1 mRNA resulted in no change of cell proliferation and morphology, indicating that D2 and D3 cyclins could substitute for D1 in driving the cell cycle. Increased numbers of cyclin D1-expressing keratinocytes were found in the basal layers of the lesional psoriatic epidermis compared to both normal and non-lesional epidermis without increased expression of cyclin D1 mRNA, suggesting a possible dysfunction in the degradation of cyclin D1 protein. We also detected a significant increase in cyclin D2 and D3 mRNA expressions in psoriatic epidermis compared to normal epidermis with no difference in protein expressions. Blocking alpha5-integrin function by a neutralizing antibody in HaCaT keratinocytes downregulated the expression of cyclin D1 mRNA without affecting the expressions of cyclin D2 and D3 indicating a regulatory role for alpha5-integrin in the expression of cyclin D1. Our data suggest a possible role for D-type cyclins in the excessive basal-cell proliferation and perturbed keratinocyte differentiation in the psoriatic epidermis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nóra Belsõ
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.
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Amen F, Horncastle D, Elderfield K, Banham AH, Bower M, Macdonald D, Kanfer E, Naresh KN. Absence of cyclin-D2 and Bcl-2 expression within the germinal centre type of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma identifies a very good prognostic subgroup of patients. Histopathology 2007; 51:70-9. [PMID: 17593082 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2559.2007.02721.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To validate and improve the existing algorithm (proposed by Hans et al.) to classify diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). METHODS AND RESULTS Tissue microarrays constructed from 81 patients with DLBCL were studied by immunohistochemistry for expression of CD10, Bcl-6, MUM1, Bcl-2, cyclin-D2, FOXP1 and PKC-gamma proteins. Cases were classified as either germinal centre B-like (GCB) or non-GC according to Hans et al. An alternative classification was also employed, in which cases positive for either CD10 or Bcl-6 were considered as a GC subgroup and cases negative for both CD10 and Bcl-6 were considered as a non-GC subgroup. GC was further subdivided into favourable GC (negative for both Bcl-2 and cyclin-D2) and unfavourable GC (positive for either Bcl-2 or cyclin-D2). The 5-year event-free survival (EFS) amongst patients classified as favourable GC versus 'others' was 49.5% and 7.3%, respectively (log rank P < 0.0001). Similarly, the 5-year overall survival (OS) amongst patients classified as favourable GC versus 'others' was 58.6% and 13.7%, respectively (log rank P = 0.0001). The difference in survival was independent of the international prognostic index. CONCLUSIONS In this group of patients the risk stratification based on the new algorithm was better than that proposed by Hans et al.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Amen
- Department of Histopathology, Hammersmith Hospital & Imperial College, London, UK
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Abstract
We have previously reported the identification of a novel 17 kDa truncated isoform of the cyclin D2 activated in 13% of the leukemias induced by the Graffi murine leukemia retrovirus. Retroviral integration in the Gris1 locus causes an alternative splicing of the mouse cyclin D2 gene and expression of a truncated protein of 159 amino acids that is detected at high levels in the Gris1 tumors and also in normal mouse tissues mainly the brain and ovaries. A truncated form of the cyclin D2 was also found in human. We show here that both mouse- and human-truncated cyclin D2 are able to transform primary mouse embryo fibroblasts (MEF) when co-expressed with an activated Ras protein. The truncated cyclin D2 localizes only to the cytoplasm of transfected cells. It has retained the ability to interact with cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs), although it is a poor catalyst of pRb phosphorylation. Interestingly, the presence of a similar, alternatively spliced cyclin D2 mRNA was also detected in some human brain tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Denicourt
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire, Département des Sciences Biologiques, Université du Québec à Montréal, Québec, Canada
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Euhus DM, Bu D, Ashfaq R, Xie XJ, Bian A, Leitch AM, Lewis CM. Atypia and DNA Methylation in Nipple Duct Lavage in Relation to Predicted Breast Cancer Risk. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2007; 16:1812-21. [PMID: 17855699 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-06-1034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tumor suppressor gene (TSG) methylation is identified more frequently in random periareolar fine needle aspiration samples from women at high risk for breast cancer than women at lower risk. It is not known whether TSG methylation or atypia in nipple duct lavage (NDL) samples is related to predicted breast cancer risk. METHODS 514 NDL samples obtained from 150 women selected to represent a wide range of breast cancer risk were evaluated cytologically and by quantitative multiplex methylation-specific PCR for methylation of cyclin D2, APC, HIN1, RASSF1A, and RAR-beta2. RESULTS Based on methylation patterns and cytology, NDL retrieved cancer cells from only 9% of breasts ipsilateral to a breast cancer. Methylation of >/=2 genes correlated with marked atypia by univariate analysis, but not multivariate analysis, that adjusted for sample cellularity and risk group classification. Both marked atypia and TSG methylation independently predicted abundant cellularity in multivariate analyses. Discrimination between Gail lower-risk ducts and Gail high-risk ducts was similar for marked atypia [odds ratio (OR), 3.48; P = 0.06] and measures of TSG methylation (OR, 3.51; P = 0.03). However, marked atypia provided better discrimination between Gail lower-risk ducts and ducts contralateral to a breast cancer (OR, 6.91; P = 0.003, compared with methylation OR, 4.21; P = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS TSG methylation in NDL samples does not predict marked atypia after correcting for sample cellularity and risk group classification. Rather, both methylation and marked atypia are independently associated with highly cellular samples, Gail model risk classifications, and a personal history of breast cancer. This suggests the existence of related, but independent, pathogenic pathways in breast epithelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M Euhus
- E6.222, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390-9155, USA.
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Pogach MS, Cao Y, Millien G, Ramirez MI, Williams MC. Key developmental regulators change during hyperoxia-induced injury and recovery in adult mouse lung. J Cell Biochem 2007; 100:1415-29. [PMID: 17167788 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.21142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Developmentally important genes have recently been linked to tissue regeneration and epithelial cell repair in neonatal and adult animals in several organs, including liver, skin, prostate, and musculature. We hypothesized that developmentally important genes play roles in lung injury repair in adult mice. Although there is considerable information known about these processes, the specific molecular pathways that mediate injury and regulate tissue repair are not fully elucidated. Using a hyperoxic injury model to study these mechanisms of lung injury and tissue repair, we selected the following genes based upon their known or putative roles in lung development and organogenesis: TTF-1, FGF9, FGF10, BMP4, PDGF-A, VEGF, Ptc, Shh, Sca-1, BCRP, CD45, and Cyclin-D2. Our findings demonstrate that several developmentally important genes (Sca-1, Shh, PDGF-A, VEGF, BCRP, CD45, BMP4, and Cyclin-D2) change during hyperoxic injury and normoxic recovery in mice, suggesting that adult lung may reactivate key developmental regulatory pathways for tissue repair. The mRNA for one gene (TTF-1), unchanged during hyperoxia, was upregulated late in recovery phase. These novel findings provide the basis for testing the efficacy of post-injury lung repair in animals genetically modified to inactivate or express individual molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie S Pogach
- Pulmonary Center, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02118, USA.
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Looyenga BD, Hammer GD. Genetic removal of Smad3 from inhibin-null mice attenuates tumor progression by uncoupling extracellular mitogenic signals from the cell cycle machinery. Mol Endocrinol 2007; 21:2440-57. [PMID: 17652186 DOI: 10.1210/me.2006-0402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Inhibin and activin are members of the TGFbeta family that perform mutually antagonistic signaling roles in the anterior pituitary, gonads, and adrenal gland. Unopposed activin signaling in inhibin-null (Inha-/-) mice causes the formation of granulosa cell tumors in the gonads and adrenal cortex, which depend upon FSH for efficient growth and progression. In this study, we demonstrate that Smad3, a key effector of activin signaling, is expressed at high levels and is constitutively activated in tumors from these mice. Removal of Smad3 from Inha-/- mice by a genetic cross to Smad3-null (Madh3-/-) mice leads to a significant decrease in cyclinD2 expression and a significant attenuation of tumor progression in the gonads and adrenal. The decrease in cyclinD2 levels in compound knockout mice is related to a reduction in mitogenic signaling through the phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3-kinase)/Akt pathway, which is required for normal cell cycle progression in tumor cells. Loss of PI3-kinase/Akt signaling cannot be attributed to alterations in IGF expression, suggesting instead that signaling through the FSH receptor is attenuated. Gene expression profiling in the ovaries of Madh3-/- and Inha-/-:Madh3-/- compound knockout mice supports this hypothesis and further suggests that Smad3 is specifically required for FSH to activate PI3-kinase/Akt, but not protein kinase A. Together these observations imply that activin/Smad3 signaling is necessary for efficient signaling by FSH in Inha-/- tumor cells and that interruption of this pathway uncouples FSH from its intracellular mitogenic effectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brendan D Looyenga
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Graduate Program, Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Diabetes, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-2200, USA
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Moreaux J, Hose D, Jourdan M, Reme T, Hundemer M, Moos M, Robert N, Moine P, De Vos J, Goldschmidt H, Klein B. TACI expression is associated with a mature bone marrow plasma cell signature and C-MAF overexpression in human myeloma cell lines. Haematologica 2007; 92:803-11. [PMID: 17550853 PMCID: PMC2789280 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.10574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES BAFF and APRIL stimulate the growth of multiple myeloma (MM) cells. BAFF and APRIL share two receptors--TACI and BCMA--and BAFF binds to a third receptor, BAFF-R. We previously reported that TACI gene expression is bimodal in 18 human MM cell lines (HMCL), being either present or absent, unlike BCMA that is expressed on all HMCL. BAFF-R is lacking. TACI expression is a good indicator of a BAFF-binding receptor in HMCL. In primary MM cells, the level of TACI expression correlates with a characteristic phenotypic pattern: TACIhighMM cells resemble bone marrow plasma cells and TACIlow resemble plasmablasts. The aim of this study was to further characterize the role of TACI expression in MM DESIGN AND METHODS: Using gene expression profiling, we investigated whether these patterns are kept in TACI+ or TACI- HMCL. RESULTS Eighty genes/EST interrogated by Affymetrix microarrays were differentially expressed between TACI+ and TACI- HMCL, particularly c-maf, cyclin D2, and integrin beta7. Triggered by the finding that TACI and c-maf expressions correlate in TACI+ HMCL, we demonstrated that TACI activation influences c-maf expression: (i) activation of TACI by BAFF or APRIL increases c-maf, cyclin D2, and integrin beta7 gene expressions in TACI+ HMCL, (ii) blocking of autocrine BAFF/APRIL stimulation in some TACI+ HMCL by the TACI-Fc fusion protein reduces c-maf, cyclin D2, and integrin beta7 gene expression, (iii) nucleofection of siRNA to c-maf decreases c-maf mRNA levels and reduces the expression of cyclin D2 and integrin beta7 gene expressions, without affecting TACI expression INTERPRETATION AND CONCLUSIONS We conclude that TACI activation can upregulate c-maf expression which, in turn, controls cyclin D2, and integrin beta7 gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérôme Moreaux
- IRB, Institut de recherche en biothérapie
CHRU MontpellierUniversité Montpellier IHôpital Saint-Eloi 34000 Montpellier,FR
- Biothérapie des cellules souches normales et cancéreuses
INSERM : U847Institut de recherche en biothérapieUniversité Montpellier ICHRU MontpellierIRB - CHRU Saint-Eloi 80 Avenue Augustin Fliche 34295 MONTPELLIER Cedex 5,FR
| | - Dirk Hose
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik V
Universitätsklinikum HeidelbergUniversitätsklinikum Heidelberg INF410 69115 Heidelberg,DE
| | - Michel Jourdan
- IRB, Institut de recherche en biothérapie
CHRU MontpellierUniversité Montpellier IHôpital Saint-Eloi 34000 Montpellier,FR
- Biothérapie des cellules souches normales et cancéreuses
INSERM : U847Institut de recherche en biothérapieUniversité Montpellier ICHRU MontpellierIRB - CHRU Saint-Eloi 80 Avenue Augustin Fliche 34295 MONTPELLIER Cedex 5,FR
| | - Thierry Reme
- IRB, Institut de recherche en biothérapie
CHRU MontpellierUniversité Montpellier IHôpital Saint-Eloi 34000 Montpellier,FR
- Biothérapie des cellules souches normales et cancéreuses
INSERM : U847Institut de recherche en biothérapieUniversité Montpellier ICHRU MontpellierIRB - CHRU Saint-Eloi 80 Avenue Augustin Fliche 34295 MONTPELLIER Cedex 5,FR
| | - Michael Hundemer
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik V
Universitätsklinikum HeidelbergUniversitätsklinikum Heidelberg INF410 69115 Heidelberg,DE
| | - Marion Moos
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik V
Universitätsklinikum HeidelbergUniversitätsklinikum Heidelberg INF410 69115 Heidelberg,DE
| | - Nicolas Robert
- IRB, Institut de recherche en biothérapie
CHRU MontpellierUniversité Montpellier IHôpital Saint-Eloi 34000 Montpellier,FR
| | - Philippe Moine
- IRB, Institut de recherche en biothérapie
CHRU MontpellierUniversité Montpellier IHôpital Saint-Eloi 34000 Montpellier,FR
| | - John De Vos
- IRB, Institut de recherche en biothérapie
CHRU MontpellierUniversité Montpellier IHôpital Saint-Eloi 34000 Montpellier,FR
- Biothérapie des cellules souches normales et cancéreuses
INSERM : U847Institut de recherche en biothérapieUniversité Montpellier ICHRU MontpellierIRB - CHRU Saint-Eloi 80 Avenue Augustin Fliche 34295 MONTPELLIER Cedex 5,FR
| | - Hartmut Goldschmidt
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik V
Universitätsklinikum HeidelbergUniversitätsklinikum Heidelberg INF410 69115 Heidelberg,DE
| | - Bernard Klein
- IRB, Institut de recherche en biothérapie
CHRU MontpellierUniversité Montpellier IHôpital Saint-Eloi 34000 Montpellier,FR
- Biothérapie des cellules souches normales et cancéreuses
INSERM : U847Institut de recherche en biothérapieUniversité Montpellier ICHRU MontpellierIRB - CHRU Saint-Eloi 80 Avenue Augustin Fliche 34295 MONTPELLIER Cedex 5,FR
- * Correspondence should be adressed to: Bernard Klein
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Bai M, Tsanou E, Skyrlas A, Sainis I, Agnantis N, Kanavaros P. Alterations of the p53, Rb and p27 tumor suppressor pathways in diffuse large B-cell lymphomas. Anticancer Res 2007; 27:2345-52. [PMID: 17695524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Diffuse large B-cell lymphomas (DLBCL) display defects in cell cycle and apoptosis regulation. Therefore, the immunohistochemical expression patterns of the proteins p14, p21, Hdm2 and cyclin D2 were analyzed in relation to the previously reported expression of other major cell cycle proteins (p53, Rb, p16, p27, Ki-67 and cyclins A, B1, D2, D3 and E), apoptosis-associated proteins (bcl2, bcl-xl, bax, bak, bad and bid) and the B-cell differentiation immunophenotypes. Expression of the proteins p14, p21, Hdm2 and cyclin D2 was observed in 62/71 (87%), 22/76 (29%), 35/74 (47%) and 11/77 (14%) cases, respectively. Immunohistochemical alterations of the p53 (p53-Hdm2-p21-p14), Rb (Rb-p16-cyclin D [D2 or D3]) and p27 (p27-cyclin E) pathways were found in 56/77 (73%), 53/79 (67%) and 54/79 (68%) cases, respectively. Concomitant alterations of the p53-Rb, p53-p27 and Rb-p27 pathways were found in 40/77 (52%), 38/77 (50%) and 36/79 (46%) cases, respectively. Three concomitant alterations of the p53-Rb-p27 pathways were found in 28/79 (35%) cases. The main findings of the present study were the following: alterations of the p27 pathway were associated with higher expression of Ki-67 (p = 0.023); concomitant alterations of the p53Rb pathways and the p53-p27 pathways were associated with higher expression of cyclin A (p = 0.015 and p = 0.021, respectively) and concomitant alterations of the p53, Rb and p27 pathways were associated with higher expression of cyclin A (p = 0.013). Since cyclin A supports DNA replication, centrosome duplication and mitosis, these findings indicate that concomitant alterations of the p53, Rb and p27 pathways in DLBCL may have cooperative effects resulting in increased neoplastic cell proliferation. This might explain, at least partially, the association between concurrent aberrations of the p53, Rb and p27 pathways and aggressive clinical behavior in DLBCL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Bai
- Department of Pathology, Medical School, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece.
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Susaki E, Nakayama K, Nakayama KI. Cyclin D2 translocates p27 out of the nucleus and promotes its degradation at the G0-G1 transition. Mol Cell Biol 2007; 27:4626-40. [PMID: 17452458 PMCID: PMC1951473 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00862-06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2006] [Revised: 06/15/2006] [Accepted: 04/10/2007] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The nuclear export and cytoplasmic degradation of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p27 are required for effective progression of the cell cycle through the G(0)-G(1) transition. The mechanism responsible for this translocation of p27 has remained unclear, however. We now show that cyclin D2 directly links growth signaling with the nuclear export of p27 at the G(0)-G(1) transition in some cell types. The up-regulation of cyclin D2 in response to mitogenic stimulation was found to occur earlier than that of other D-type cyclins and in parallel with down-regulation of p27 at the G(0)-G(1) transition. RNA interference-mediated depletion of cyclin D2 inhibited the nuclear export of p27 and delayed its degradation at the G(0)-G(1) transition. In contrast, overexpression of cyclin D2 in G(0) phase shifted the localization of p27 from the nucleus to the cytoplasm and reduced the stability of p27. Overexpression of the cyclin D2(T280A) mutant, whose export from the nucleus is impaired, prevented the translocation and degradation of p27. These results indicate that cyclin D2 translocates p27 from the nucleus into the cytoplasm for its KPC-dependent degradation at the G(0)-G(1) transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Etsuo Susaki
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
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40
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Abstract
Developing new techniques to induce beta-cells to replicate is a major goal in diabetes research. Endogenous beta-cells replicate in response to metabolic changes, such as obesity and pregnancy, which increase insulin requirement. Mouse genetic models promise to reveal the pathways responsible for compensatory beta-cell replication. However, no simple, short-term, physiological replication stimulus exists to test mouse models for compensatory replication. Here, we present a new tool to induce beta-cell replication in living mice. Four-day glucose infusion is well tolerated by mice as measured by hemodynamics, body weight, organ weight, food intake, and corticosterone level. Mild sustained hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia induce a robust and significant fivefold increase in beta-cell replication. Glucose-induced beta-cell replication is dose and time dependent. Beta-cell mass, islet number, beta-cell size, and beta-cell death are not altered by glucose infusion over this time frame. Glucose infusion increases both the total protein abundance and nuclear localization of cyclin D2 in islets, which has not been previously reported. Thus, we have developed a new model to study the regulation of compensatory beta-cell replication, and we describe important novel characteristics of mouse beta-cell responses to glucose in the living pancreas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura C Alonso
- University of Pittsburgh, Division of Endocrinology, 200 Lothrop St., BST E1140, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA.
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Wang Y, Feng H, Bi C, Zhu L, Pollard JW, Chen B. GSK-3β mediates in the progesterone inhibition of estrogen induced cyclin D2 nuclear localization and cell proliferation in cyclin D1−/− mouse uterine epithelium. FEBS Lett 2007; 581:3069-75. [PMID: 17560576 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2007.05.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2007] [Revised: 05/25/2007] [Accepted: 05/25/2007] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
We report that glycogen synthase kinase (GSK)-3beta is phosphorylated at ser9 and inactivated in uterine epithelial cells from E(2)-treated cyclin D1 null mutant mice. Simultaneous administration of P(4) together with E(2) blocked this effect. Pharmacological inhibition of GSK-3beta activity in mice treated with P(4)E(2) reversed the nuclear exclusion of cyclin D2 in the uterine epithelial cells and this caused phosphorylation of Rb protein and progression of cells towards S-phase. Our results indicate that GSK-3beta is a major target of E(2) and P(4) in regulation of cyclin D2 localization in the mouse uterine epithelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxiang Wang
- School of Life Science and National Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, PR China
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Wang L, Wang J, Blaser BW, Duchemin AM, Kusewitt DF, Liu T, Caligiuri MA, Briesewitz R. Pharmacologic inhibition of CDK4/6: mechanistic evidence for selective activity or acquired resistance in acute myeloid leukemia. Blood 2007; 110:2075-83. [PMID: 17537993 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2007-02-071266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Entry into the cell cycle is mediated by cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 (CDK4/6) activation, followed by CDK2 activation. We found that pharmacologic inhibition of the Flt3 internal tandem duplication (ITD), a mutated receptor tyrosine kinase commonly found in patients with acute myelogenous leukemia (AML), led to the down-regulation of cyclin D2 and D3 followed by retinoblastoma protein (pRb) dephosphorylation and G(1) cell-cycle arrest. This implicated the D-cyclin-CDK4/6 complex as a downstream effector of Flt3 ITD signaling. Indeed, single-agent PD0332991, a selective CDK4/6 inhibitor, caused sustained cell-cycle arrest in Flt3 ITD AML cell lines and prolonged survival in an in vivo model of Flt3 ITD AML. PD0332991 caused an initial cell-cycle arrest in well-established Flt3 wild-type (wt) AML cell lines, but this was overcome by down-regulation of p27(Kip) and reactivation of CDK2. This acquired resistance was not observed in a Flt3 ITD and a Flt3 wt sample from a patient with primary AML. In summary, the mechanism of cell-cycle arrest after treatment of Flt3 ITD AML with a Flt3 inhibitor involves down-regulation of cyclin D2 and D3. As such, CDK4/6 can be a therapeutic target in Flt3 ITD AML but also in primary Flt3 wt AML. Finally, acquired resistance to CDK4/6 inhibition can arise through activation CDK2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisheng Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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Locke I, Kote-Jarai Z, Jo Fackler M, Bancroft E, Osin P, Nerurkar A, Izatt L, Pichert G, Gui GPH, Eeles RA. Gene promoter hypermethylation in ductal lavage fluid from healthy BRCA gene mutation carriers and mutation-negative controls. Breast Cancer Res 2007; 9:R20. [PMID: 17324252 PMCID: PMC1851387 DOI: 10.1186/bcr1657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2006] [Revised: 12/28/2006] [Accepted: 02/26/2007] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Female germline BRCA gene mutation carriers are at increased risk for developing breast cancer. The purpose of our study was to establish whether healthy BRCA mutation carriers demonstrate an increased frequency of aberrant gene promoter hypermethylation in ductal lavage (DL) fluid, compared with predictive genetic test negative controls, that might serve as a surrogate marker of BRCA1/2 mutation status and/or breast cancer risk. Methods The pattern of CpG island hypermethylation within the promoter region of a panel of four genes (RAR-β, HIN-1, Twist and Cyclin D2) was assessed by methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction using free DNA extracted from DL fluid. Results Fifty-one DL samples from 24 healthy women of known BRCA mutation status (7 BRCA1 mutation carriers, 12 BRCA2 mutation carriers and 5 controls) were available for methylation analysis. Eight of 19 (42.1%) BRCA mutation carriers were found to have at least one hypermethylated gene in the four-gene panel. Two BRCA mutation carriers, in whom aberrant methylation was found, also had duct epithelial cell atypia identified. No hypermethylation was found in DL samples from 5 negative controls(p = 0.13). Conclusion We found substantial levels of aberrant methylation, with the use of a four-gene panel, in the fluid from the breasts of healthy BRCA mutation carriers compared with controls. Methylation analysis of free DNA in DL fluid may offer a useful surrogate marker for BRCA1/2 mutation status and/or breast cancer risk. Further studies are required for the evaluation of the specificity and predictive value of aberrant methylation in DL fluid for future breast cancer development in BRCA1/2 mutation carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imogen Locke
- Translational Cancer Genetics Team, Institute of Cancer Research, 15 Cotswold Road, Sutton, Surrey SM2 5NG, UK
- Department of Cancer Genetics, Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Fulham Road, London SW3 6JJ, UK
| | - Zsofia Kote-Jarai
- Translational Cancer Genetics Team, Institute of Cancer Research, 15 Cotswold Road, Sutton, Surrey SM2 5NG, UK
- Department of Cancer Genetics, Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Fulham Road, London SW3 6JJ, UK
| | - Mary Jo Fackler
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 401 North Broadway, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - Elizabeth Bancroft
- Translational Cancer Genetics Team, Institute of Cancer Research, 15 Cotswold Road, Sutton, Surrey SM2 5NG, UK
- Department of Cancer Genetics, Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Fulham Road, London SW3 6JJ, UK
| | - Peter Osin
- Department of Pathology, Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Fulham Road, London SW3 6JJ, UK
| | - Ashutosh Nerurkar
- Department of Pathology, Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Fulham Road, London SW3 6JJ, UK
| | - Louise Izatt
- Department of Genetics, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, St Thomas Street, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Gabriella Pichert
- Department of Genetics, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, St Thomas Street, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Gerald PH Gui
- Department of Surgery, Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Fulham Road, London SW3 6JJ, UK
| | - Rosalind A Eeles
- Translational Cancer Genetics Team, Institute of Cancer Research, 15 Cotswold Road, Sutton, Surrey SM2 5NG, UK
- Department of Cancer Genetics, Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Fulham Road, London SW3 6JJ, UK
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Yasmeen A, Hosein AN, Yu Q, Al Moustafa AE. Critical role for D-type cyclins in cellular transformation induced by E6/E7 of human papillomavirus type 16 and E6/E7/ErbB-2 cooperation. Cancer Sci 2007; 98:973-7. [PMID: 17489986 DOI: 10.1111/j.1349-7006.2007.00504.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, we reported that E6/E7 of human papillomavirus (HPV) type 16 cooperates with the ErbB-2 receptor to induce cellular transformation of human normal oral epithelial (NOE) and mouse normal embryonic fibroblast (NEF) cells. Furthermore, we demonstrated that cyclin D1 is essential for this transformation induced by E6/E7 and E6/E7/ErbB-2 cooperation using cyclin D1 antisense and knockout (D1(-/-)) cells. To determine the role of all D-type cyclins (D1, D2 and D3) in E6/E7/ErbB-2 cooperation, we examined the effects of E6/E7, ErbB-2 alone and E6/E7/ErbB-2 together in NEF, NEF-D1(-/-), NEF-D2(-/-) and NEF-D3(-/-) cells. We confirm that NEF-E6/E7 and NEF-E6/E7/ErbB-2, but not NEF-ErbB-2 cells, induce colony formation in soft agar and tumor formation in nude mice. We report that E6/E7, ErbB-2 and E6/E7/ErbB-2 together all fail to induce neoplastic transformation of D1(-/-) and D2(-/-) cells in vitro and in vivo. In contrast, E6/E7/ErbB-2 together but neither E6/E7 nor ErbB-2 alone provoke cellular transformation of D3(-/-) cells. Nevertheless, D3(-/-)E6/E7/ErbB-2 cells resulted in up to a 60 and 50% decrease in colony and tumor formation in soft agar and nude mice, respectively, compared with NEF-E6/E7/ErbB-2 cells. Furthermore, using cyclin D2 small interfering RNA we inhibited tumor and colony formation of the human NOE-E6/E7-ErbB-2-transformed cell line; in contrast, cyclin D3 small interfering RNA repressed approximately 50% of colony and 40% of tumor formation of E6/E7/ErbB-2 cooperation in this cell line. These data suggest that cyclins D1, D2 and D3 (to a lesser extent) are important downstream mediators of the cellular transformation induced by E6/E7 and E6/E7/ErbB-2 cooperation in normal cells. Our data imply that anti-D-type cyclin therapies are important in the treatment of human cancers expressing high-risk HPV or HPV/ErbB-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amber Yasmeen
- Program in Cancer Genetics, The Center for Experimental Therapeutics in Cancer, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research of the Sir Mortimer B. Davis-Jewish General Hospital, McGill University Montreal, QC H3T1E2, Canada
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Kida A, Kakihana K, Kotani S, Kurosu T, Miura O. Glycogen synthase kinase-3beta and p38 phosphorylate cyclin D2 on Thr280 to trigger its ubiquitin/proteasome-dependent degradation in hematopoietic cells. Oncogene 2007; 26:6630-40. [PMID: 17486076 DOI: 10.1038/sj.onc.1210490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Cyclin D2 plays an important role in regulation of hematopoietic cell proliferation by cytokines and is implicated in oncogenesis of various hematopoietic malignancies. However, mechanisms regulating cyclin D2 stability and its expression level have remained to be known. Here, we demonstrate that interleukin-3 signaling stabilizes cyclin D2 by inhibition of glycogen synthase kinase-3beta (GSK3beta) through Janus kinase2-dependent activation of phosphatidylinositol 3'-kinase (PI3K)/Akt signaling pathway in hematopoietic 32Dcl3 cells. On the other hand, osmotic stress was shown to induce a rapid proteasomal degradation of cyclin D2, which was mediated by activation of p38. GSK3beta and p38 was demonstrated to phosphorylate cyclin D2 on Thr280 in vitro, while a cyclin D2 mutant with this residue substituted with Ala was found to be resistant to ubiquitination and proteasome-dependent degradation in 32Dcl3 cells. Inhibition of the PI3K pathway or induction of osmotic stress also caused a rapid proteasomal degradation of cyclin D2 in primary leukemic or myeloma cells. These results indicate that cyclin D2 expression in normal and malignant hematopoietic cells is regulated by ubiquitin/proteasome-dependent degradation that is triggered by Thr280 phosphorylation by GSK3beta or p38, which is induced by inhibition of the PI3K pathway or by osmotic stress, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Kida
- Department of Hematology, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
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Fombonne J, Charrier C, Goddard I, Moyse E, Krantic S. Leptin-mediated decrease of cyclin A2 and increase of cyclin D1 expression: relevance for the control of prepubertal rat Leydig cell division and differentiation. Endocrinology 2007; 148:2126-37. [PMID: 17303663 DOI: 10.1210/en.2006-1218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The number of adult Leydig cells is one of the factors controlling testosterone secretion by sexually mature testis, and it depends on the proliferative capacity of prepubertal Leydig cells. We investigated here whether this capacity is controlled by leptin because this hormone regulates proliferation in other cell types and has a crucial role in male fertility. Our data show that prebupertal Leydig cells express the Ob/Rb form of leptin receptor and are thus direct targets of this hormone. The analysis of G1/S-phase cyclins by quantitative (real-time) RT-PCR and Western blot points to the leptin-induced decrease in cyclin A2 and subsequent increase in cyclin D1 expression that precedes a leptin-triggered decrease in the number of prepubertal Leydig cells. Quantitative assessments of DNA synthesis by bromodeoxyuridine incorporation and of cycling cell population by Ki67 immunocytochemistry indicate that leptin decreases the cell number by inhibiting cell division and increases mRNA levels of Leydig cell differentiation markers such as relaxin-like factor. Immunohistochemistry of cyclin D1 and relaxin-like factor pointed to the parallel increase of their expression coinciding with the onset of Leydig cell differentiation. Moreover, leptin-treated Leydig cells display increased expression of another differentiation marker (3beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase) that is abolished by knocking down cyclin D1 with small interference RNA. Altogether, our data show that leptin inhibits division of prepubertal Leydig cells via a cyclin D-independent mechanism and suggest that cyclin D1 might be involved in leptin-induced differentiation of Leydig cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Fombonne
- Institut de Neurobiologie de la Méditerranée, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unité 29, Parc Scientifique de Luminy-BP13, F-13273 Marseille, Cedex 09, France
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Michienzi S, Bucci B, Verga Falzacappa C, Patriarca V, Stigliano A, Panacchia L, Brunetti E, Toscano V, Misiti S. 3,3',5-Triiodo-L-thyronine inhibits ductal pancreatic adenocarcinoma proliferation improving the cytotoxic effect of chemotherapy. J Endocrinol 2007; 193:209-23. [PMID: 17470512 DOI: 10.1677/joe.1.07065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The pancreatic adenocarcinoma is an aggressive and devastating disease, which is characterized by invasiveness, rapid progression, and profound resistance to actual treatments, including chemotherapy and radiotherapy. At the moment, surgical resection provides the best possibility for long-term survival, but is feasible only in the minority of patients, when advanced disease chemotherapy is considered, although the effects are modest. Several studies have shown that thyroid hormone, 3,3',5-triiodo-l-thyronine (T(3)) is able to promote or inhibit cell proliferation in a cell type-dependent manner. The aim of the present study is to investigate the ability of T(3) to reduce the cell growth of the human pancreatic duct cell lines chosen, and to increase the effect of chemotherapeutic drugs at conventional concentrations. Three human cell lines hPANC-1, Capan1, and HPAC have been used as experimental models to investigate the T(3) effects on pancreatic adenocarcinoma cell proliferation. The hPANC-1 and Capan1 cell proliferation was significantly reduced, while the hormone treatment was ineffective for HPAC cells. The T(3)-dependent cell growth inhibition was also confirmed by fluorescent activated cell sorting analysis and by cell cycle-related molecule analysis. A synergic effect of T(3) and chemotherapy was demonstrated by cell kinetic experiments performed at different times and by the traditional isobologram method. We have showed that thyroid hormone T(3) and its combination with low doses of gemcitabine (dFdCyd) and cisplatin (DDP) is able to potentiate the cytotoxic action of these chemotherapic drugs. Treatment with 5-fluorouracil was, instead, largely ineffective. In conclusion, our data support the hypothesis that T(3) and its combination with dFdCyd and DDP may act in a synergic way on adenopancreatic ductal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Michienzi
- Chair of Endocrinology, II Faculty of Medicine, University La Sapienza, Rome, Italy
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48
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Affiliation(s)
- Lirong Diao
- State Key Laboratory of Biomembrane and Membrane Biotechnology, Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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Rulifson IC, Karnik SK, Heiser PW, ten Berge D, Chen H, Gu X, Taketo MM, Nusse R, Hebrok M, Kim SK. Wnt signaling regulates pancreatic beta cell proliferation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2007; 104:6247-52. [PMID: 17404238 PMCID: PMC1847455 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0701509104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 271] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2006] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
There is widespread interest in defining factors and mechanisms that stimulate proliferation of pancreatic islet cells. Wnt signaling is an important regulator of organ growth and cell fates, and genes encoding Wnt-signaling factors are expressed in the pancreas. However, it is unclear whether Wnt signaling regulates pancreatic islet proliferation and differentiation. Here we provide evidence that Wnt signaling stimulates islet beta cell proliferation. The addition of purified Wnt3a protein to cultured beta cells or islets promoted expression of Pitx2, a direct target of Wnt signaling, and Cyclin D2, an essential regulator of beta cell cycle progression, and led to increased beta cell proliferation in vitro. Conditional pancreatic beta cell expression of activated beta-catenin, a crucial Wnt signal transduction protein, produced similar phenotypes in vivo, leading to beta cell expansion, increased insulin production and serum levels, and enhanced glucose handling. Conditional beta cell expression of Axin, a potent negative regulator of Wnt signaling, led to reduced Pitx2 and Cyclin D2 expression by beta cells, resulting in reduced neonatal beta cell expansion and mass and impaired glucose tolerance. Thus, Wnt signaling is both necessary and sufficient for islet beta cell proliferation, and our study provides previously unrecognized evidence of a mechanism governing endocrine pancreas growth and function.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Patrick W. Heiser
- Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143-0573
| | - Derk ten Berge
- Departments of *Developmental Biology and
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305-5329; and
| | | | - Xueying Gu
- Departments of *Developmental Biology and
| | - Makoto M. Taketo
- Department of Pharmacology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Yoshida-Konoé-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Roel Nusse
- Departments of *Developmental Biology and
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305-5329; and
| | - Matthias Hebrok
- Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143-0573
| | - Seung K. Kim
- Departments of *Developmental Biology and
- Medicine, Oncology Division, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305-5329
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50
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Manjarrez-Orduño N, Moreno-García ME, Fink K, Santos-Argumedo L. CD38 cross-linking enhances TLR-induced B cell proliferation but decreases IgM plasma cell differentiation. Eur J Immunol 2007; 37:358-67. [PMID: 17274001 DOI: 10.1002/eji.200636453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
It is becoming increasingly clear that the regulation of proliferation and differentiation of B cells to plasma cells involves the integration of a variety of intracellular signals provided by receptors of both the adaptive and innate immune system. The cross-linking of the surface molecule CD38 induces calcium mobilization, protein phosphorylation and NF-kappaB translocation into the nucleus, ultimately leading to proliferation and isotype switching toward IgG1. Here we describe (a) the effect on B cell activation of stimulating through both CD38 and Toll-like receptors 4, 7 and 9; and (b) that CD38 cross-linking increases the number of proliferating cells and the rate of proliferation in LPS-stimulated B cells by a Bruton's tyrosine kinase- and protein kinase C-dependent mechanism. In contrast, CD38 cross-linking reduces the number of cells committed to IgM plasma cell differentiation as measured by the number of CD138+ cells, antibody secretion, and the expression of PAX5, Bcl6 and Blimp-1. Since a putative ligand for CD38 is expressed by germinal center follicular dendritic cells, and CD38 expression is down-regulated in germinal center B cells, we speculate that CD38 might participate in the outcome of post-germinal center antibody responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nataly Manjarrez-Orduño
- Molecular Biomedicine Department, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Mexico City, México
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