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Takeuchi T, Sriwilaijaroen N, Sakuraba A, Hayashi E, Kamisuki S, Suzuki Y, Ohrui H, Sugawara F. Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation of EdAP, a 4'-Ethynyl-2'-Deoxyadenosine 5'-Monophosphate Analog, as a Potent Influenza a Inhibitor. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24142603. [PMID: 31319565 PMCID: PMC6681032 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24142603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Revised: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Influenza A viruses leading to infectious respiratory diseases cause seasonal epidemics and sometimes periodic global pandemics. Viral polymerase is an attractive target in inhibiting viral replication, and 4′-ethynyladenosine, which has been reported as a highly potent anti-human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) nucleoside derivative, can work as an anti-influenza agent. Herein, we designed and synthesized a 4′-ethynyl-2′-deoxyadenosine 5′-monophosphate analog called EdAP (5). EdAP exhibited potent inhibition against influenza virus multiplication in Madin–Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells transfected with human α2-6-sialyltransferase (SIAT1) cDNA and did not show any toxicity toward the cells. Surprisingly, this DNA-type nucleic acid analog (5) inhibited the multiplication of influenza A virus, although influenza virus is an RNA virus that does not generate DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshifumi Takeuchi
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan.
| | - Nongluk Sriwilaijaroen
- Department of Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand
- Health Science Hills, College of Life and Health Sciences, Chubu University, Kasugai, Aichi 487-8501, Japan
| | - Ayako Sakuraba
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
| | - Ei Hayashi
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
| | - Shinji Kamisuki
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, 1-17-71 Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5201, Japan
| | - Yasuo Suzuki
- Health Science Hills, College of Life and Health Sciences, Chubu University, Kasugai, Aichi 487-8501, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ohrui
- Yokohama University of Pharmacy, Matano-cho 601, Totsuka-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 245-0066, Japan
| | - Fumio Sugawara
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
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2
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Khan I, Suhasini AN, Banerjee T, Sommers JA, Kaplan DL, Kuper J, Kisker C, Brosh RM. Impact of age-associated cyclopurine lesions on DNA repair helicases. PLoS One 2014; 9:e113293. [PMID: 25409515 PMCID: PMC4237422 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0113293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2014] [Accepted: 10/23/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
8,5′ cyclopurine deoxynucleosides (cPu) are locally distorting DNA base lesions corrected by nucleotide excision repair (NER) and proposed to play a role in neurodegeneration prevalent in genetically defined Xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) patients. In the current study, purified recombinant helicases from different classifications based on sequence homology were examined for their ability to unwind partial duplex DNA substrates harboring a single site-specific cPu adduct. Superfamily (SF) 2 RecQ helicases (RECQ1, BLM, WRN, RecQ) were inhibited by cPu in the helicase translocating strand, whereas helicases from SF1 (UvrD) and SF4 (DnaB) tolerated cPu in either strand. SF2 Fe-S helicases (FANCJ, DDX11 (ChlR1), DinG, XPD) displayed marked differences in their ability to unwind the cPu DNA substrates. Archaeal Thermoplasma acidophilum XPD (taXPD), homologue to the human XPD helicase involved in NER DNA damage verification, was impeded by cPu in the non-translocating strand, while FANCJ was uniquely inhibited by the cPu in the translocating strand. Sequestration experiments demonstrated that FANCJ became trapped by the translocating strand cPu whereas RECQ1 was not, suggesting the two SF2 helicases interact with the cPu lesion by distinct mechanisms despite strand-specific inhibition for both. Using a protein trap to simulate single-turnover conditions, the rate of FANCJ or RECQ1 helicase activity was reduced 10-fold and 4.5-fold, respectively, by cPu in the translocating strand. In contrast, single-turnover rates of DNA unwinding by DDX11 and UvrD helicases were only modestly affected by the cPu lesion in the translocating strand. The marked difference in effect of the translocating strand cPu on rate of DNA unwinding between DDX11 and FANCJ helicase suggests the two Fe-S cluster helicases unwind damaged DNA by distinct mechanisms. The apparent complexity of helicase encounters with an unusual form of oxidative damage is likely to have important consequences in the cellular response to DNA damage and DNA repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irfan Khan
- Laboratory of Molecular Gerontology, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, NIH Biomedical Research Center, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Avvaru N. Suhasini
- Laboratory of Molecular Gerontology, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, NIH Biomedical Research Center, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Taraswi Banerjee
- Laboratory of Molecular Gerontology, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, NIH Biomedical Research Center, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Joshua A. Sommers
- Laboratory of Molecular Gerontology, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, NIH Biomedical Research Center, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Daniel L. Kaplan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee, Florida, United States of America
| | - Jochen Kuper
- Rudolf Virchow Center for Experimental Biomedicine, Institute for Structural Biology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Caroline Kisker
- Rudolf Virchow Center for Experimental Biomedicine, Institute for Structural Biology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Robert M. Brosh
- Laboratory of Molecular Gerontology, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, NIH Biomedical Research Center, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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3
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Aigner M, Hartl M, Fauster K, Steger J, Bister K, Micura R. Chemical synthesis of site-specifically 2'-azido-modified RNA and potential applications for bioconjugation and RNA interference. Chembiochem 2011; 12:47-51. [PMID: 21171007 PMCID: PMC3193913 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201000646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2010] [Revised: 11/01/2010] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Michaela Aigner
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Center for Molecular Biosciences CMBI, University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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4
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Karwowski BT, Grand A, Cadet J. 5',8-Cyclo-2'-deoxyadenosine (cdA) formation by gamma-radiation. Theoretical quantum mechanics study. Acta Biochim Pol 2009; 56:655-662. [PMID: 19830274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2009] [Revised: 08/07/2009] [Accepted: 10/05/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Reactions of reactive oxygen species and more specifically - of hydroxyl radical ((*)OH) - with nucleosides may lead to the generation of radicals in the base and 2-deoxyribose moieties. In the present study emphasis was put on the possible reaction modes of 2'-deoxyadenosine (dA) radicals, leading to the formation of related 5',8-cyclonucleosides. It appears that the prerequisite for the formation of 5',8-cyclo-2'-deoxyadenosine (cdA) is the adoption of O4'-exo conformation by 2-deoxyribose; however, this is the least energetically favored conformer among the different puckered forms adopted by the furanose ring. The O4'-exo conformation was found to be present in each of the discussed mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boleslaw T Karwowski
- Laboratoire des Lésions des Acides Nucléiques, INAC/SCIB-UMR-E n degrees 3 CEA-UJF, CEA/Grenoble, Grenoble Cedex 9, France.
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5
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Kubota Y, Ehara M, Kumamoto H, Shimada H, Haraguchi K, Tanaka H. Synthesis of 4'-substituted cordycepins via benzenesulfenylation at the 4'-position as a key step. Nucleic Acids Symp Ser (Oxf) 2009; 53:99-100. [PMID: 19749279 DOI: 10.1093/nass/nrp050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
With an aim to synthesize 4'-substituted cordycepins, the 4'-phenylthio precursor 4 was prepared from adenosine through an electrophilic addition to the 3',4'-unsaturated derivative 2 by using NIS/PhSH system. Nucleophilic substitution of 4 with a series of alcohols in the presence of NBS gave the respective 4'-alpha-alkoxy cordycepins 6 as the major stereoisomer. Use of DAST, in stead of alcohol in this reaction, gave the 4'-fluoro analogue 7. The 4'-sulfone derivative 8 obtained by m-CPBA oxidation of 4 was employed for the reaction with organoaluminum reagents. These reactions furnished various types of the 4'-carbon-substituted cordycepins 9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutaka Kubota
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Showa University, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan.
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6
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Ohno M. Creation of novel chiral synthons with enzymes: application to enantioselective synthesis of antibiotics. Ciba Found Symp 2008; 111:171-87. [PMID: 3874758 DOI: 10.1002/9780470720929.ch12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Retrosynthesis was carried out to generate, from a target molecule, a symmetric diester in the prochiral or meso form. The symmetric diester was subjected to asymmetric hydrolysis with pig liver esterase to create the corresponding chiral half-ester. The chiral half-ester was converted into the target molecule by organic synthesis. Thus, various types of carbapenem antibiotics, negamycin, showdomycin, 6-azapseudouridine, cordycepin, aristeromycin, neplanocin A, and precursors of fortimicin were efficiently synthesized with the desired absolute configuration. The methods for asymmetric synthesis starting from substrates with sigma-symmetry have been extensively developed.
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7
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Abstract
Background levels of etheno adducts have been attributed to the reaction of DNA with 2,3-epoxyaldehydes, a proposed product of lipid peroxidation. We have examined the reaction of (2R,3S)-epoxyhexanal with dGuo to give 7-(1S-hydroxybutyl)-1,N(2)-etheno-dGuo. We observed that the stereochemistry of the side chain scrambled over time. This process provided insight into the mechanism for the formation of 1,N(2)-etheno-dGuo from 4,5-epoxy-2-decenal [Lee, S. H., et al.(2002) Chem. Res. Toxicol. 15, 300-304]. The mechanistic proposal predicts that 2-octenal is a by-product of the reaction. The reaction of 4,5-epoxy-2-decenal was reinvestigated, and the 2-octenal adduct of dGuo was identified as a product of this reaction in support of the mechanistic proposal. Also observed are products that appear to be derived from 2,3-epoxyoctanal, which can be formed through Schiff base formation of 4,5-epoxy-2-decenal with the dGuo followed by hydration of the double bond and retro-aldol reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Carmelo J. Rizzo
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel: 615-322-6100. Fax: 615-343-1234.
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8
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Peterson MA, Ke P, Shi H, Jones C, McDougall BR, Robinson WE. Design, synthesis, and antiviral evaluation of some 3'-carboxymethyl-3'-deoxyadenosine derivatives. Nucleosides Nucleotides Nucleic Acids 2007; 26:499-519. [PMID: 17578746 DOI: 10.1080/15257770701426278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
3'-Carboxymethyl-3'-deoxyadenosine derivatives were prepared from 2'-O-TBDMS-3'-[(ethoxycarbonyl)methyl]-3'-deoxyadenosine (1) via simple and efficient procedures. Conversion of 1 to its 5'-azido-5'-deoxy derivative 5 was accomplished via a novel one-pot method employing 5'-activation (TosCl) followed by efficient nucleophilic displacement with tetramethylguanidinium azide. Compound 5 was converted to 5'-[(N-methylcarbamoyl)amino] derivative 8 via one-pot reduction/acylation employing H(2)/Pd-C followed by treatment with p-nitrophenyl N-methylcarbamate. N(6)-phenylcarbamoyl groups were introduced by treatment with phenylisocyanate, and an efficient new method for lactonization of 2'-O-TBDMS-3'-[(ethoxycarbonyl)methyl]-3'-deoxyadenosines to give corresponding 2',3'-lactones was also developed. Target compounds were evaluated for anti-HIV and anti-HIV integrase activities, but were not active at the concentrations tested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matt A Peterson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602, USA.
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9
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Wu W, Stupi BP, Litosh VA, Mansouri D, Farley D, Morris S, Metzker S, Metzker ML. Termination of DNA synthesis by N6-alkylated, not 3'-O-alkylated, photocleavable 2'-deoxyadenosine triphosphates. Nucleic Acids Res 2007; 35:6339-49. [PMID: 17881370 PMCID: PMC2095803 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkm689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The Human Genome Project has facilitated the sequencing of many species, yet the current Sanger method is too expensive, labor intensive and time consuming to accomplish medical resequencing of human genomes en masse. Of the ‘next-generation’ technologies, cyclic reversible termination (CRT) is a promising method with the goal of producing accurate sequence information at a fraction of the cost and effort. The foundation of this approach is the reversible terminator (RT), its chemical and biological properties of which directly impact the performance of the sequencing technology. Here, we have discovered a novel paradigm in RT chemistry, the attachment of a photocleavable, 2-nitrobenzyl group to the N6-position of 2′-deoxyadenosine triphosphate (dATP), which, upon incorporation, terminates DNA synthesis. The 3′-OH group of the N6-(2-nitrobenzyl)-dATP remains unblocked, providing favorable incorporation and termination properties for several commercially available DNA polymerases while maintaining good discrimination against mismatch incorporations. Upon removal of the 2-nitrobenzyl group with UV light, the natural nucleotide is restored without molecular scarring. A five-base experiment, illustrating the exquisite, stepwise addition through a homopolymer repeat, demonstrates the applicability of the N6-(2-nitrobenzyl)-dATP as an ideal RT for CRT sequencing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weidong Wu
- LaserGen, Inc., Houston, TX 77054, Department of Molecular & Human Genetics and Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Brian P. Stupi
- LaserGen, Inc., Houston, TX 77054, Department of Molecular & Human Genetics and Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Vladislav A. Litosh
- LaserGen, Inc., Houston, TX 77054, Department of Molecular & Human Genetics and Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Dena Mansouri
- LaserGen, Inc., Houston, TX 77054, Department of Molecular & Human Genetics and Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Demetra Farley
- LaserGen, Inc., Houston, TX 77054, Department of Molecular & Human Genetics and Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Sidney Morris
- LaserGen, Inc., Houston, TX 77054, Department of Molecular & Human Genetics and Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Sherry Metzker
- LaserGen, Inc., Houston, TX 77054, Department of Molecular & Human Genetics and Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Michael L. Metzker
- LaserGen, Inc., Houston, TX 77054, Department of Molecular & Human Genetics and Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- *To whom correspondence should be addressed. +1 713 798 7565+1 713 798 5741
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10
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Ikejiri M, Ohshima T, Kato K, Toyama M, Murata T, Shimotohno K, Maruyama T. 5'-O-masked 2'-deoxyadenosine analogues as lead compounds for hepatitis C virus (HCV) therapeutic agents. Bioorg Med Chem 2007; 15:6882-92. [PMID: 17766124 PMCID: PMC7125560 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2007.08.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2007] [Revised: 08/09/2007] [Accepted: 08/14/2007] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
On the basis of our previous study on antiviral agents against the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) coronavirus, a series of nucleoside analogues whose 5'-hydroxyl groups are masked by various protective groups such as carboxylate, sulfonate, and ether were synthesized and evaluated to develop novel anti-hepatitis C virus (HCV) agents. Among these, several 5'-O-masked analogues of 6-chloropurine-2'-deoxyriboside (e.g., 5'-O-benzoyl, 5'-O-p-methoxybenzoyl, and 5'-O-benzyl analogues) were found to exhibit effective anti-HCV activity. In particular, the 5'-O-benzoyl analogue exhibited the highest potency with an EC(50) of 6.1 microM in a cell-based HCV replicon assay. Since the 5'-O-unmasked analogue (i.e., 6-chloropurine-2'-deoxyriboside) was not sufficiently potent (EC(50)=47.2 microM), masking of the 5'-hydroxyl group seems to be an effective method for the development of anti-HCV agents. Presently, we hypothesize two roles for the 5'-O-masked analogues: One is the role as an anti-HCV agent by itself, and the other is as a prodrug of its 5'-O-demasked (deprotected) derivative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Ikejiri
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences at Kagawa Campus, Tokushima Bunri University, 1314-1 Shido, Sanuki, Kagawa 769-2193, Japan
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11
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Vrábel M, Pohl R, Klepetárová B, Votruba I, Hocek M. Synthesis of 2'-deoxyadenosine nucleosides bearing bipyridine-type ligands and their Ru-complexes in position 8 through cross-coupling reactions. Org Biomol Chem 2007; 5:2849-57. [PMID: 17700854 DOI: 10.1039/b709245h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of the title 2'-deoxyadenosine derivatives bearing bipyridine, phenanthroline or terpyridine ligands and their corresponding RuII-complexes in position 8 linked via acetylene or phenylene tethers was accomplished through cross-coupling reactions. The Suzuki-Miyaura reactions of boronic acids or the Sonogashira reactions of terminal acetylene derivatives of oligopyridine ligands were performed either on protected 8-bromoadenosines in organic solvents or, more efficiently, directly on unprotected nucleosides in aqueous acetonitrile or DMF. Direct cross-coupling reactions of unprotected nucleosides with RuII-complexes or the oligopyridine-boronic acids or -acetylenes gave the Ru-labelled nucleosides in one step in fair to good yields. This method was also proven to be applicable for direct Ru-labelling of dATP. Terpyridine-containing 2'-deoxyadenosine exerted significant antiviral and cytostatic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milan Vrábel
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Gilead & IOCB Research Center, Flemingovo nam. 2, CZ-16610 Prague 6, Czech Republic
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12
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Wang T, Lee HJ, Tosh DK, Kim HO, Pal S, Choi S, Lee Y, Moon HR, Zhao LX, Lee KM, Jeong LS. Design, synthesis, and molecular modeling studies of 5'-deoxy-5'-ureidoadenosine: 5'-ureido group as multiple hydrogen bonding donor in the active site of S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2007; 17:4456-9. [PMID: 17582766 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2007.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2007] [Revised: 05/19/2007] [Accepted: 06/02/2007] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
5'-Deoxy-5'-ureidoadenosine was designed and synthesized as a potent inhibitor of S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase (SAH), in which 5'-ureido group acted as multiple hydrogen bonding donor in binding with active site residues of SAH in the molecular modeling study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Wang
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Republic of Korea
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13
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Abstract
2-N-tert-Butylaminoxylpurines (1) and (2) were synthesized from 2'-deoxy-6-chloropurine derivative by lithiation strategy. Effects of motion of 1 and 2 on EPR spectra were studied by EPR measurement in sucrose solution at various temperatures. The single stranded and duplexed 15-mers containing 1 showed the clear difference in the EPR spectra to indicate 1 has the potential to accurately study the dynamics of purine residues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariko Aso
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
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14
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Takatsuki KI, Ohgushi S, Kohmoto S, Kishikawa K, Yamamoto M. A simple and efficient synthesis of puromycin, 2,2'-anhydro-pyrimidine nucleosides, cytidines and 2',3'-anhydroadenosine from 3',5'-O-sulfinyl xylo-nucleosides. Nucleosides Nucleotides Nucleic Acids 2006; 25:719-34. [PMID: 16898411 DOI: 10.1080/15257770600725929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Synthesis of antibiotics, puromycin and 3'-amino-3'-deoxy-N6,N6-dimethyladenosine 11 was achieved by utilizing the cyclic sulfite 6a of the xylo-3',5'-dihydroxy group as a new protective group. The key synthetic step is the deprotection of the sulfite moiety through the intramolecular cyclization of 2-alpha-carbamate 7. In a similar manner 2,2'-anhydro-pyrimidine nucleosides 15, ribo-cytidines 17 and 2',3'-anhydroadenosine 14 were prepared in high yields from the corresponding sulfites 4, 5, and 6b, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken-ichi Takatsuki
- Ichikawa Research Institute, Kobayashi Perfumery Co., Ltd., Ichikawa-City, Japan.
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15
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Nishonov AA, Ma X, Nair V. Azadideoxyadenosine: Synthesis, enzymology, and anti-HIV activity. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2006; 16:4099-101. [PMID: 16698265 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2006.04.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2006] [Revised: 04/26/2006] [Accepted: 04/27/2006] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Synthesis of an azanucleoside, a new analogue of dideoxyadenosine, is described. This compound is only slowly deaminated by mammalian adenosine deaminase and it is a substrate for adenosine kinase. It exhibits in vitro anti-HIV activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdumalik A Nishonov
- The Center for Drug Discovery and Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
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16
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Abstract
A variety of substituted 2'-deoxyadenosin-5'-yl radicals 3 were generated under different reaction conditions. Radicals 3 underwent intramolecular cyclization onto the C8-N7 double bond of the adenine moiety leading to aminyl radicals (5'S,8R)-4 and (5'R,8R)-4 and, eventually, to the corresponding cyclonucleosides 5 and 6. The effect of the solvent, the nature of the substituents, and the generation method of radicals 3 on the stereoselectivity of the C5'-radical cyclization have been considered. The observed increase of the (5'S)/(5'R) ratio by increasing the bulkiness of the R1 group is explained in terms of steric repulsion between R1 and the purine moiety which favors the C5'-endo conformation, whereas the effect of the water solvent in promoting the (5'R)-stereoselective cyclization is ascribed to intermolecular hydrogen bonding stabilizing the C5'-exo conformation.
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17
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Rapp M, Haubrich TA, Perrault J, Mackey ZB, McKerrow JH, Chiang PK, Wnuk SF. Antitrypanosomal activity of 5'-deoxy-5'-(iodomethylene)adenosine and related 6-N-cyclopropyladenosine analogues. J Med Chem 2006; 49:2096-102. [PMID: 16539398 DOI: 10.1021/jm0511379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Treatment of the 6-N-cyclopropyl-2',3'-di-O-isopropylideneadenosine 5'-aldehyde with sulfone-stabilized phosphonate or fluorophosphonate reagents followed by stannyldesulfonylations and subsequent iodo- or protiodestannylation gave 6-N-cyclopropyl-5'-deoxy-5'-(iodomethylene)adenosine 8b or its 5'-fluoromethylene analogue 11. Treatment of the 5'-aldehyde with hydroxylamine or dibromomethylene- or cyanomethylene-stabilized Wittig reagents and deprotections gave the oxime 4b, 5'-cyanomethylene 5b, and 5'-dibromomethylene 13b analogues. Dehydrobromination of 13b gave acetylenic compound 14b. From the tested 6-N-cyclopropyladenosine analogues modified at the 5' carbon, the 5'-iodomethylene 8b had the most potent activity against Trypanosoma brucei in vitro with an IC50 of 12 microg/mL. The IC50 value was 19 microg/mL for both the 5'-fluoromethylene 11 and the 5'-cyanomethylene 5b compounds. The (E)-5'-deoxy-5'-(iodomethylene)adenosine 2a, a known inhibitor of AdoHcy hydrolase not modified with a cyclopropyl ring at 6-amino group, also inhibited T. brucei with an IC50 of 9 microg/mL. In contrast to some other adenosine analogues modified at C5', the 6-N-cyclopropyladenosine analogues described here do not exhibit an inhibitory effect on AdoHcy hydrolase and displayed only marginal antiviral activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Rapp
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, Miami, Florida 33199, USA
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18
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Abstract
[reaction: see text] An efficient route to deoxyadenosine derivatives labeled on both the amino group and nitrogen 1 is uncovered. First, 3',5'-di-O-acetyl-2'-deoxy-1-(2-nitrobenzenesulfonyl)inosine (2a) and only 1.1 equiv of (15)NH4Cl are used for labeling position 1 (1a) through the isolation of the open intermediate and its cyclization with DBU in anhydrous CH3CN. Inosine 1a is then converted to [N,1-(15)N2]-3',5'-di-O-acetyl-N6-benzoyl-2'-deoxyadenosine (5a, the precursor of 6a) via a Pd/dppf-catalyzed chloride-to-benzamide replacement, by using again only 1.1 equiv of the labeling source.
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Affiliation(s)
- Montserrat Terrazas
- Departament de Química Orgànica, Facultat de Química, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
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19
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Abstract
Photoactivable deoxyadenosine mimic, 3-deaza-3-nitro-2'-deoxyadenosine (2), was prepared using two different synthetic routes. The first route involved base catalyzed glycosylation of 3-deaza-3-nitroadenine, which was prepared by regioselective nitration of 3-deazaadenine. In the second route, the convertible nucleoside 6-O-(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)-3-deaza-2'-deoxyadenosine (28) was used to introduce 6-NH2 group in the last step.
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20
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Guillerm G, Muzard M, Glapski C, Pilard S, De Clercq E. Inactivation of S-Adenosyl-l-homocysteine Hydrolase by 6‘-Cyano-5‘,6‘-didehydro- 6‘-deoxyhomoadenosine and 6‘-Chloro-6‘- cyano-5‘,6‘-didehydro-6‘-deoxyhomoadenosine. Antiviral and Cytotoxic Effects. J Med Chem 2006; 49:1223-6. [PMID: 16480257 DOI: 10.1021/jm051023x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
6'-Cyano-5',6'-didehydro-6'-deoxyhomoadenosine (E)-1, (Z)-1, and 6'-chloro-6'-cyano-5',6'-didehydro-6'-deoxyhomoadenosine (E)-2 were synthesized and tested as new mechanism-based inhibitors of AdoHcy hydrolase. Nucleoside (E)-1 was identified as a type I inhibitor of the enzyme, whereas inactivation of the enzyme by nucleosides (Z)-1 and (E)-2 was accompanied by the formation of a covalent labeling of AdoHcy hydrolase.
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21
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Deng H, Cobb SL, McEwan AR, McGlinchey RP, Naismith JH, O’Hagan D, Robinson DA, Spencer JB. The fluorinase from Streptomyces cattleya is also a chlorinase. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2006; 45:759-62. [PMID: 16370017 PMCID: PMC3314195 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200503582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - David O’Hagan
- Dr. H. Deng, Dr. S. L. Cobb, A. R. McEwan, R. P. McGlinchey, Prof. Dr. J. H. Naismith, Prof. Dr. D. O’Hagan, Dr. D. A. Robinson, School of Chemistry and Centre for Biomolecular Science, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, KY16 9ST (UK), Fax: (+ 44)1334-463-808, ; Dr. J. B. Spencer, Chemistry Laboratories, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Rd, Cambridge, CB2 1EW (UK)
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22
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Randazzo A, Esposito V, Galeone A, Varra M, Virgilio A, Mayol L. Synthesis and structural study of quadruplex structures containing 2'-deoxy-8-methyladenosine. Nucleosides Nucleotides Nucleic Acids 2005; 24:539-43. [PMID: 16247986 DOI: 10.1081/ncn-200061802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis and preliminary structural studies of ODNs A8MeGGGT and TA8MeGGGT, where A8Me represents 2'-deoxy-8-methyladenosine, are reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Randazzo
- Dipartimento di Chimica delle Sostanze Naturali, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Napoli, Italy
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23
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Abstract
[reaction: see text] A highly facile and efficient one-step synthesis of N6-adenosine and N6-2'-deoxyadenosine derivatives has been developed. Treatment of inosine or 2'-deoxyinosine, without protection of sugar hydroxyl groups, with alkyl or arylamines, in the presence of BOP and DIPEA in DMF, led to the formation of N6-adenosine and N6-2'-deoxyadenosine derivatives in good to excellent yields. Carcinogenic polyaromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) N6-2'-deoxyadenosine adduct 10 and a rare DNA constituent 11 were thus synthesized directly from 2'-deoxyinosine both in 98% yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao-Kui Wan
- Chemical and Screening Sciences, Wyeth Research, 200 Cambridge Park Drive, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02140, USA.
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24
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Kryczka T, Stachnik K, Kozłowska M, Kazimierczuk Z, Hovinen J, Chrapusta SJ, Grieb P. Synthesis and preliminary in vitro evaluation of 5'-O-esters of 2'-deoxyadenosine and 2-chloro-2'-deoxyadenosine with alpha-lipoic acid as potential prodrugs. Acta Pol Pharm 2005; 62:411-5. [PMID: 16459491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Kryczka
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences Medical Research Center, Warsaw, Poland
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25
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Gulyaeva IV, Neuvonen K, Lönnberg H, Rodionov AA, Shcheveleva EV, Bobkov GV, Efimtseva EV, Mikhailov SN. Effective anomerisation of 2'-deoxyadenosine derivatives during disaccharide nucleoside synthesis. Nucleosides Nucleotides Nucleic Acids 2005; 23:1849-64. [PMID: 15628744 DOI: 10.1081/ncn-200040627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The formation of a disaccharide nucleoside (11) by O3'-glycosylation of 5'-O-protected 2'-deoxyadenosine or its N6-benzoylated derivative has been observed to be accompanied by anomerisation to the corresponding alpha-anomeric product (12). The latter reaction can be explained by instability of the N-glycosidic bond of purine 2'-deoxynucleosides in the presence of Lewis acids. An independent study on the anomerisation of partly blocked 2'-deoxyadenosine has been carried out. Additionally, transglycosylation has been utilized in the synthesis of 3'-O-beta-D-ribofuranosyl-2'deoxyadenosines and its alpha-anomer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina V Gulyaeva
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
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26
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Koh YH, Shim JH, Wu JZ, Zhong W, Hong Z, Girardet JL. Design, synthesis, and antiviral activity of adenosine 5'-phosphonate analogues as chain terminators against hepatitis C virus. J Med Chem 2005; 48:2867-75. [PMID: 15828825 DOI: 10.1021/jm049029u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A series of adenosine 5'-phosphonate analogues were designed to mimic naturally occurring adenosine monophosphate. These compounds (1-5) were synthesized and evaluated in a cellular hepatitis C virus (HCV) replication assay. To improve cellular permeability and enhance the anti-HCV activity of these phosphonates, a bis(S-acyl-2-thioethyl) prodrug for compound 5 was prepared, and its cellular activity was determined. To elucidate the mechanism of action of these novel adenosine phosphonates, their diphosphate derivatives (1a-5a) were synthesized. Further nucleotide incorporation assays by HCV NS5B RNA-dependent RNA polymerase revealed that 2a and 3a can serve as chain terminators, whereas compounds 1a, 4a, and 5a are competitive inhibitors with ATP. Additional steady-state kinetic analysis determined the incorporation efficiency of 2a and 3a as well as the inhibition constants for 1a, 4a, and 5a. The structure-activity relationships among these compounds were analyzed, and the implication for nucleoside phosphonate drug design was discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yung-hyo Koh
- Drug Discovery, R&D, Valeant Pharmaceuticals International, 3300 Hyland Avenue, Costa Mesa, California 92626, USA
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27
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Webb MR, Reid GP, Munasinghe VRN, Corrie JET. A series of related nucleotide analogues that aids optimization of fluorescence signals in probing the mechanism of P-loop ATPases, such as actomyosin. Biochemistry 2005; 43:14463-71. [PMID: 15533051 DOI: 10.1021/bi0486334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We have synthesized a set of ATP and ADP analogues that have a fluorophore linked to the nucleotide via the 3'-position of the ribose moiety. Combinations of three different coumarins are each attached via different length linkers. A linker based on propylenediamine increases the separation between the nucleotide and fluorophore relative to that of the previously reported ethylenediamine-linked coumarin nucleotides [Webb, M. R., and Corrie, J. E. T. (2001) Biophys. J. 81, 1562-1569]. A synthesis of 3'-amino-3'-deoxyATP is described using a combination of chemical and enzymatic procedures, mostly from published methods for synthesis of this compound but with some modifications that improved the convenience of the experimental procedures. This compound is used as a basis of a series of analogues with effectively a zero-length linker. Fluorescence properties of all these analogues are described, together with the kinetics of their interaction with rabbit skeletal myosin subfragment 1 in the presence and absence of actin. One particular analogue, deac-aminoATP [3'-(7-diethylaminocoumarin-3-carbonylamino)-3'-deoxyadenosine 5'-triphosphate], shows a 17-fold enhancement of fluorescence upon binding to this (skeletal) myosin II. As the diphosphate, it exhibits a large signal change upon dissociation from the actomyosin, with kinetics similar to those of natural ADP. The ability of this set of analogues to produce large signals indicated potential uses when scarce proteins are studied in small amounts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin R Webb
- National Institute for Medical Research, Mill Hill, London NW7 1AA, United Kingdom.
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28
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Abstract
Synthesis of 4'-substituted analogues of cordycepin was carried out. Electrophilic addition of N-iodosuccinimide/benzoic acid to 2',5'-bis-O-(tert-butyldimethyl-silyl)-3',4'-unsaturated adenosine (5) enabled the introduction of a leaving group to the 4'-position. The resulting product 7 was converted to 4'-(benzoyloxy) cordycepin (8) upon removal of the 3'-iodine atom. Compound 8 serves as a common precursor for the synthesis of the title compounds through nucleophilic substitution using organoaluminum and organosilicon reagents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutaka Kubota
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Showa University, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan
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29
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Abstract
A new photocleavable 2'-deoxyadenosine mimic, 3-nitro-3-deaza-2'-deoxyadenosine (NidA), was prepared and introduced into DNA fragments via its 6-O-trimethylphenyl precursor phophoramidite. Photocleavage of the resulting oligonucleotide is highly efficient in single and double strands. Hybridization properties of NidA are very similar to those of deoxyadenosine.
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30
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Abstract
7-deaza-2,8-diaza-2'-deoxyadenosine (4) was synthesized from 8-aza-7-deaza-2'-deoxyadenosine (1) via the 1,N(6)-etheno derivative 5. Ring opening with sodium hydroxide followed by ring closure in the presence of sodium nitrite formed the tricyclic intermediate 5 from which the transiently introduced "etheno" moiety was removed with NBS. Compound 4 was converted to the phosphoramidite 11, which was employed in solid-phase oligonucleotide synthesis. Base pairing studies on 4, incorporated in a 12-mer duplex, showed that this adenine nucleoside analogue forms a strong base pair with dG but not with dT. This novel base pair is as stable as that of the canonical dA-dT pair. As a result of the absence of nitrogen-7 compound 4 is expected to form a face to face base pair with dG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Seela
- Laboratorium für Organische und Bioorganische Chemie, Institut für Chemie, Universität Osnabrück, Barbarastr. 7, 49069 Osnabrück, Germany.
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31
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Ye S, Rezende MM, Deng WP, Kirk KL. Convenient synthesis of 2'-deoxy-2-fluoroadenosine from 2-fluoroadenine. Nucleosides Nucleotides Nucleic Acids 2004; 22:1899-905. [PMID: 14609229 DOI: 10.1081/ncn-120025237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
A convenient synthesis of 2'-deoxy-2-fluoroadenosine from commercially available 2-fluoroadenine is described. The coupling reaction of silylated 2-fluoroadenine with phenyl 3,5-bis[O-(t-butyldimethylsilyl)]-2-deoxy-1-thio-D-erythro-pentofuranoside gave the corresponding 2-fluoro-2'-deoxyadenosine derivative (alpha/beta = 1:1) in good yield. The alpha- and beta-anomers were separated by chromatography, and then desilylated to give compounds 1a and 1b.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Ye
- Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes, and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, DHHS, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
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32
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Gudmundsson KS, Daluge SM, Johnson LC, Jansen R, Hazen R, Condreay LD, McGuigan C. Phosphoramidate protides of 2',3'-dideoxy-3'-fluoroadenosine and related nucleosides with potent activity against HIV and HBV. Nucleosides Nucleotides Nucleic Acids 2004; 22:1953-61. [PMID: 14609234 DOI: 10.1081/ncn-120025242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Syntheses of phosphoramidate protides of several 2',3'-dideoxy-3'-fluoroadenosine derivatives by treatment of the nucleoside with phosphorochloridates in the presence of pyridine and t-BuMgCl is described. Several of these protides showed significantly improved antiviral potency over the parent nucleoside against HIV and HBV. Especially marked was the improvement in potency of phosphoramidate protides of 2',3'-dideoxy-3'-fluoroadenosine against both HIV and HBV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristjan S Gudmundsson
- Division of Chemistry, GlaxoSmithKline, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, USA.
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33
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Ohno M, Gao ZG, Van Rompaey P, Tchilibon S, Kim SK, Harris BA, Gross AS, Duong HT, Van Calenbergh S, Jacobson KA. Modulation of adenosine receptor affinity and intrinsic efficacy in adenine nucleosides substituted at the 2-position. Bioorg Med Chem 2004; 12:2995-3007. [PMID: 15142558 PMCID: PMC3463103 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2004.03.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2003] [Revised: 03/01/2004] [Accepted: 03/14/2004] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
We studied the structural determinants of binding affinity and efficacy of adenosine receptor (AR) agonists. Substituents at the 2-position of adenosine were combined with N(6)-substitutions known to enhance human A(3)AR affinity. Selectivity of binding of the analogues and their functional effects on cAMP production were studied using recombinant human A(1), A(2A), A(2B), and A(3)ARs. Mainly sterically small substituents at the 2-position modulated both the affinity and intrinsic efficacy at all subtypes. The 2-cyano group decreased hA(3)AR affinity and efficacy in the cases of N(6)-(3-iodobenzyl) and N(6)-(trans-2-phenyl-1-cyclopropyl), for which a full A(3)AR agonist was converted into a selective antagonist; the 2-cyano-N(6)-methyl analogue was a full A(3)AR agonist. The combination of N(6)-benzyl and various 2-substitutions (chloro, trifluoromethyl, and cyano) resulted in reduced efficacy at the A(1)AR. The environment surrounding the 2-position within the putative A(3)AR binding site was explored using rhodopsin-based homology modeling and ligand docking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michihiro Ohno
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health (NIH), DHHS, Bldg. 8A, Rm. B1A-19, NIH, NIDDK, LBC, Bethesda, MD 20892-0810, USA
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Liu H, Gao J, Maynard L, Saito YD, Kool ET. Toward a new genetic system with expanded dimensions: size-expanded analogues of deoxyadenosine and thymidine. J Am Chem Soc 2004; 126:1102-9. [PMID: 14746479 DOI: 10.1021/ja038384r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We describe the design, preparation, and properties of two key building blocks of a size-expanded genetic system. Nucleoside analogues of the natural nucleosides dA and dT are reported in which the fusion of a benzo ring increases their size by ca. 2.4 A. The expanded dA analogue (dxA), having a tricyclic base, was first reported by Leonard nearly three decades ago. We describe a shortened and more efficient approach to this compound. The expanded dT analogue (dxT), a methylquinazolinedione C-glycoside, was previously unknown; we describe its preparation in eight steps from 5-methylanthranilic acid. The key glycoside bond formation employed Pd-mediated coupling of an aryl iodide precursor with a dihydrofuran derivative of deoxyribose. Both nucleosides are shown to be efficient fluorophores, emitting light in the blue-violet range. The base-protected phosphoramidite derivatives were prepared, and short oligonucleotides containing them were characterized. The two size-expanded nucleosides are key components of a new four-base genetic system designed to form helical paired structures having a diameter greater than that of natural DNA. Elements of the design of this expanded genetic molecule, termed xDNA, are discussed, including the possibility of up to eight base pairs of information storage capability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haibo Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305-5080, USA
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Shallop AJ, Gaffney BL, Jones RA. Use of 13C as an indirect tag in 15N specifically labeled nucleosides. Syntheses of [8-13C-1,7,NH2-15N3]adenosine, -guanosine, and their deoxy analogues. J Org Chem 2004; 68:8657-61. [PMID: 14575499 DOI: 10.1021/jo0345446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We have previously reported the use of a 13C tag at the C2 of 15N-multilabeled purine nucleosides to distinguish the adjacent-labeled 15N atoms from those in an untagged nucleoside. We now introduce the use of an indirect tag at the C8 of 15N7-labeled purine nucleosides. This tag allows unambiguous differentiation between a pair of 15N7-labeled purines in which only one is 13C8 labeled. Although the very small C8-N7 coupling (<1 Hz) precludes its direct detection in 1D 15N spectra, 2D 1H-15N NMR experiments display the large C8-H8 coupling (>200 Hz) because H8 is coupled to both N7 and C8. The 13C8 atom is introduced by means of a ring closure of the exocyclic amino groups of a pyrimidinone using [13C]sodium ethyl xanthate. Here, we present methods for the syntheses of [8-13C-1,7,NH2-15N3]adenosine, -guanosine, and their deoxy analogues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony J Shallop
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA
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36
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Vittori S, Salvatori D, Volpini R, Vincenzetti S, Vita A, Taffi S, Costanzi S, Lambertucci C, Cristalli G. Deaza- and deoxyadenosine derivatives: synthesis and inhibition of animal viruses as human infection models. Nucleosides Nucleotides Nucleic Acids 2003; 22:877-81. [PMID: 14565301 DOI: 10.1081/ncn-120022676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
N6-Cycloalkyl-2',3'-dideoxyadenosine derivatives and (2-chloro)-N6-cycloheptyl-3-deazaadenosine have been synthesized and tested, along with other (deaza)purine (deoxy)nucleosides from our chemical library, as inhibitors of virus replication against Bovine Herpes Virus 1 (BHV-1) and sheep Maedi/Visna Virus (MVV). Most compounds demonstrated good antireplicative activity against MVV, showing also low cell toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sauro Vittori
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Camerino, Camerino, Italy.
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37
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Kaiser A, Gottwald A, Maier W, Seitz HM. Targeting enzymes involved in spermidine metabolism of parasitic protozoa--a possible new strategy for anti-parasitic treatment. Parasitol Res 2003; 91:508-16. [PMID: 14530966 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-003-0970-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2003] [Accepted: 07/25/2003] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Sequencing data obtained from the Plasmodium, Anopheles gambiae and human genome projects provide a new basis for drug and vaccine development. One of the most characteristic features in the process of drug development against parasitic protozoa is target identification in a biological pathway. The next step must be a structure-based rational drug design if the target is not only present in the parasite. In mouse models of malaria, such drugs should be tested for efficacy of the new therapies. Here, we present data that pinpoint the existence of two enzymes of the polyamine pathway involved in spermidine metabolism in P. falciparum, i.e. deoxyhypusine synthase (DHS; EC 1.1.1.249) and homospermidine synthase (HSS; EC 2.5.1.45). Recent data obtained from the malaria genome databases showed that at least a putative gene encoding DHS is present in the parasite. Sequencing data from the P. falciparum genome project prove that the eukaryotic initiation factor eIF5A (the substrate for DHS) exists in P. falciparum. Here, we present the amino acid sequence of eIF5A from P. vivax, which causes tertiary malaria. EIF5A from P. vivax shows 82% nucleic acid and 97% amino acid identity to its homologue from P. falciparum. GC/MS data and inhibitor studies with agmatine prove that the triamine homospermidine occurs in the parasite. These data suggest a separate locus encoding HSS in P. falciparum. The hss gene recruits from the dhs gene in eukaryotes. Here, we present genomic DNA fragments obtained by amplification with primers of a conserved region (amino acid positions 550-1,043) between the putative P. falciparum DHS gene ( dhs) and the HSS gene ( hss) from the plant Senecio vulgaris (Asteraceae). The amplification product from different P. falciparum strains reveals differences in sequence identity, compared with the putative dhs gene from P. falciparum strain 3D7. Expression of the full-length clone and determination of HSS-specific activity will finally prove whether a separate region encoding HSS exists.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Kaiser
- Institute for Medical Parasitology, Sigmund-Freud-Strasse 25, 53105, Bonn, Germany.
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Vyakaranam K, Rana G, Spielvogel BF, Maguire JA, Hosmane NS. Syntheses of novel substituted-boranophosphate nucleosides. Nucleosides Nucleotides Nucleic Acids 2003; 21:581-98. [PMID: 12484452 DOI: 10.1081/ncn-120015070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
A number of substituted (borano) nucleic acids, 3'-[diethylphosphite(cyano, carboxy, or carbamoyl) borano] deoxynucleosides (3a-4c) and 5'-[diethylphosphite(cyano or carboxy) borano] deoxynucleosides (6a-7d) were prepared by a variety of synthetic procedures. The syntheses of the pyrophosphates (2a-2c), as precursors for 3a-4c, are also described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamesh Vyakaranam
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Michael Faraday Laboratories, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL 60115, USA
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39
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Abstract
3'-aminoacylamino-3'-deoxyadenosines, analogues of the antibiotic puromycin, have been synthesized from adenosine. They key 3'-azido derivative 10 was obtained through a 3'-oxidation/reduction/substitution procedure. A modified purification protocol on a larger scale was developed for the oxidation step using the Garegg reagent. The coupling reaction between an Fmoc-l-amino acid and the fully protected form of 3'-amino-3'-deoxyadenosine 11 furnished the aminoacylated compounds 12 in high yields. The puromycin analogues were obtained in 10 steps and up to 23% (14c) overall yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nhat Quang Nguyen-Trung
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Basel, St. Johanns-Ring 19, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
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Okumoto Y, Tanabe Y, Sugimoto N. Factors that contribute to efficient catalytic activity of a small Ca2+-dependent deoxyribozyme in relation to its RNA cleavage function. Biochemistry 2003; 42:2158-65. [PMID: 12590605 DOI: 10.1021/bi020364z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Recently, we found a small Ca(2+)-dependent deoxyribozyme (unmodified), d(GCCTGGCAG(1)G(2)C(3)T(4)A(5)C(6)A(7)A(8)C(9)G(10)A(11)GTCCCT), with cleavage activity for its RNA substrate, r(AGGGACA downward arrow UGCCAGGC) ( downward arrow denotes the RNA cleavage site), in the presence of Ca(2+) and developed a functional SPR sensor chip with this deoxyribozyme [Okumoto, Y., Ohmichi, T., and Sugimoto, N. (2002) Biochemistry 41, 2769-2773]. In the study presented here, to clarify the factors contributing to the efficient catalytic activity of the unmodified deoxyribozyme, RNA cleavage reactions were carried out using 24 mutant deoxyribozymes containing one unnatural DNA nucleotide, such as dI (2'-deoxyinosine), 7-deaza-dG, 2-aminopurine, 7-deaza-dA, 2-amino-dA, dm(5)C (5-methyl-2'-deoxycytosine), or d(P)C (5-propynyl-2'-deoxycytosine). The K(m) values (Michaelis constants) with the mutants that lacked N7 and O6 of G(1) and O6 of G(2) were 4.5 and 6.6 times that of the unmodified one, respectively. The k(cat) value (cleavage rate constant) with the mutants that lacked O6 of G(10) was 0.025 times that of the unmodified one. The results of UV melting curves, SPR kinetics, and CD spectra supported the quantitative idea that the catalytic activity of the unmodified form was achieved using Ca(2+). On the basis of these results, a preliminary model for two G(1) x A(8) and G(2) x A(7) mismatched base pairs such as G(anti) x A(anti) formed in the catalytic loop is proposed. The factor of 10 increase in the k(cat)/K(m) value of the mutant deoxyribozyme, which has C(9) substituted with d(P)C, suggests that the base stacking interaction between the substituted propynyl group in dC and the nearest-neighbor base grew stronger. Thus, substituting d(P)C for dC in the catalytic loop would be one of the best ways to increase the catalytic activity of the deoxyribozyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhide Okumoto
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Konan University, 8-9-1 Okamoto, Higashinada-ku, Kobe 658-8501, Japan
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41
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Abstract
We studied the behaviour of 8-azido-2'-deoxyadenosine and 8-bromo-2'-deoxyadenosine in aqueous solutions of ammonia and primary and secondary amines. Unexpectedly, 8-Azido-2'-deoxyadenosine is converted to 8-amino-2'-deoxyadenosine in excellent yields. The use of this reaction for the preparation of 8-aminoadenine derivatives needed for the preparation of oligonucleotides carrying 8-aminoadenine is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Frieden
- Instituto de Biologia Molecular de Barcelona, C.S.I.C. Jordi Girona, Barcelona, Spain
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42
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Marasco CJ, Kramer DL, Miller J, Porter CW, Bacchi CJ, Rattendi D, Kucera L, Iyer N, Bernacki R, Pera P, Sufrin JR. Synthesis and evaluation of analogues of 5'-([(Z)-4-amino-2-butenyl]methylamino)-5'-deoxyadenosine as inhibitors of tumor cell growth, trypanosomal growth, and HIV-1 infectivity. J Med Chem 2002; 45:5112-22. [PMID: 12408722 DOI: 10.1021/jm0201621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A well-defined series of 5'-([(Z)-4-amino-2-butenyl]methylamino)-5'-deoxyadenosine analogues was designed and synthesized in order to further ascertain the optimal structural requirements for S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase inhibition and potentially to augment and perhaps separate their antiproliferative and antitrypanosomal activities. Most structural modifications had a deleterious affect on both the antitrypanosomal and antineoplastic activity of 5'-([(Z)-4-amino-2-butenyl]methylamino)-5'-deoxyadenosine. However, di-O-acetylation of the parent compound produced a potential prodrug that caused markedly pronounced inhibition of trypanosomal and neoplastic cell growth and viability. Moreover, the acetylated derivative of 5'-([(Z)-4-amino-2-butenyl]methylamino)-5'-deoxyadenosine did inhibit HIV-1 growth and infectivity, whereas the parent compound did not.
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Affiliation(s)
- Canio J Marasco
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Grace Cancer Drug Center, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York 14263, USA
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43
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Irani RJ, SantaLucia J. The synthesis of anti-fixed 3-methyl-3-deaza-2'-deoxyadenosine and other 3H-imidazo[4,5-c]pyridine analogs. Nucleosides Nucleotides Nucleic Acids 2002; 21:737-51. [PMID: 12537017 DOI: 10.1081/ncn-120016477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Rotation of a heterocyclic base around a glycosidic bond allows the formation of syn and anti conformations in nucleosides. The syn conformation has been observed primarily in purine-purine mismatches in DNA duplexes. Such mismatches give rise to false positive oligonucleotide hybridization in DNA-based diagnostics. Here we describe the synthesis of an analog of 2'-deoxyadenosine that retains its Watson-Crick functional groups, but cannot form the syn conformation. In this analog, the N3 atom of 2'-deoxyadenosine is replaced by a C-CH3 group to give 7-methyl-1-beta-D-deoxyribofuranosyl-1H-imidazo[4,5-c]pyridin-4-ylamine or 3-methyl-3-deaza-2'-deoxyadenosine (3mddA). This modification sterically prevents the syn conformation and 3mddA becomes an anti-fixed nucleoside analog of 2'-deoxyadenosine. The synthesis and conformational analysis of 3mddA and several analogs with an 3H-imidazo[4,5-c]pyridine skeleton are described, as well as their potential applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rostem J Irani
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
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44
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Abstract
A common reason for the lack of cytotoxicity of certain nucleosides is thought to be their inability to be initially activated to the monophosphate level by a nucleoside kinase or other activating enzyme. In a search for other nucleosides that might be worthwhile anticancer agents, we have begun to examine the utilization of monophosphate prodrugs in order to explore whether any enhanced cytotoxicity might be found for the prodrugs of candidate nucleosides that have little or no cytotoxicity. To that end, 5'-bis(pivaloyloxymethyl) phosphate prodrugs of two weakly cytotoxic compounds, 8-aza-2'-deoxyadenosine (5) and 8-bromo-2'-deoxyadenosine (9), have been prepared. These prodrugs (8 and 12) were examined for their cytotoxicity in CEM cells and were found to possess significantly enhanced cytotoxicity when compared with the corresponding parent nucleosides. Further cell culture experiments were conducted to gain insight into the mechanisms of cytotoxicity of these two prodrugs, and those data are reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerry D Rose
- Southern Research Institute, P.O. Box 55305, Birmingham, Alabama 35255-5305, USA
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45
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Naval M, Michel T, Vasseur JJ, Debart F. 2-Amino-alpha-2'-deoxyadenosine increased duplex stability of methoxyethylphosphoramidate alpha-oligodeoxynucleotides with RNA target. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2002; 12:1435-8. [PMID: 12031314 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(02)00215-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
A new efficient synthesis of 2-amino-alpha-2'-deoxyadenosine and its incorporation into methoxyethylphosphoramidate alpha-oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs) via H-phosphonate chemistry were reported. Thermal denaturation experiments demonstrated a significant stabilization of the complexes formed between these analogues and their RNA target (+2 degrees C/NH2A) relative to adenosine-containing phosphoramidate alpha-oligonucleotides. Concerning the binding specificity of these modified ODNs, unlike natural ODNs, discrimination against G pairing is higher and against C pairing is lower.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magali Naval
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique Biomoléculaire de Synthèse, UMR 5625 CNRS-UM II, CC 008, Université Montpellier II, Place Eugène Bataillon, 34095 Cedex 05, France
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Kaiya T, Tanaka H, Kohda K. Formation of 2'-deoxy-2-nitroadenosines by reaction of 2'-deoxyadenosines with copper(II) nitrate/acetic anhydride. Nucleosides Nucleotides Nucleic Acids 2002; 21:427-33. [PMID: 12442960 DOI: 10.1081/ncn-120014815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Nitration of 9-substituted [ethyl, (Ac)2-2'-deoxyribosyl, (Ac)3-ribosyl] N6-acetyladenine derivatives with Cu(NO3)2.3H2O/Ac2O was examined. Nitration proceeded at the 2-position, although the yield was low. Removal of the acetyl groups gave 2'-deoxy-2-nitroadenosine derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toyo Kaiya
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
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47
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Van Calenbergh S, Link A, Fujikawa S, de Ligt RAF, Vanheusden V, Golisade A, Blaton NM, Rozenski J, IJzerman AP, Herdewijn P. 5'-Deoxy congeners of 9-(3-amido-3-deoxy-beta-D-xylofuranosyl)-N(6)-cyclopentyladenine: new adenosine A(1) receptor antagonists and inverse agonists. J Med Chem 2002; 45:1845-52. [PMID: 11960496 DOI: 10.1021/jm0110439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis and structure-activity relationship of N(6)-cyclopentyl-3'-substituted-xylofuranosyladenosine analogues with respect to various adenosine receptors were explored in order to identify selective and potent antagonists and inverse agonists for the adenosine A(1) receptor. In particular, the effects of removal of the 5'-OH group and introduction of selected substituents at the 3'-NH(2) position of 9-(3-amino-3-deoxy-beta-D-xylofuranosyl)-N(6)-cyclopentyladenine were probed. A solid phase-assisted synthetic approach was used to optimize the 3'-amide functionality. In view of the general concern of the presence of a 5'-OH moiety with regard to cellular toxicity, the present study describes 5'-deoxy compounds with reasonable affinity for the human adenosine A(1) receptor. Interestingly, this study shows that optimization of the 3'-"up" amide substituent can substantially compensate for the drop in affinity for the adenosine A(1) receptor, which is generally observed upon removal of the 5'-OH group. The fact that for several 3'-amido-substituted (5'-deoxy)-N(6)-cyclopentyladenosine derivatives, guanosine 5'-triphosphate-induced shifts in K(i) values were significantly lower than 1 implies that these analogues behave as inverse agonists. This is further supported by their 1,3-dipropyl-8-cyclopentylxanthine-like capacity to increase forskolin-induced adenosine cyclic 3',5'-phosphate production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serge Van Calenbergh
- Laboratory for Medicinal Chemistry (FFW), Ghent University, Harelbekestraat 72, 9000 Gent, Belgium.
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48
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Lee SH, Oe T, Blair IA. 4,5-Epoxy-2(E)-decenal-induced formation of 1,N(6)-etheno-2'-deoxyadenosine and 1,N(2)-etheno-2'-deoxyguanosine adducts. Chem Res Toxicol 2002; 15:300-4. [PMID: 11896675 DOI: 10.1021/tx010147j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
trans-4,5-Epoxy-2(E)-decenal reacted with 2'-deoxyadenosine to give 1,N(6)-etheno-2'-deoxyadenosine as well as other 2'-deoxyadenosine adducts. It also reacted with 2'-deoxyguanosine to give 1,N(2)-etheno-2'-deoxyguanosine and other 2'-deoxyguanosine adducts. Synthetic trans-4,5-epoxy-2(E)-decenal was quite stable under the reaction conditions that were used. It was not contaminated with 2,3-epoxyoctanal, a potential precursor to the formation of unsubstituted etheno adducts. Furthermore, using a sensitive LC/MS assay, it was possible to show that no 2,3-epoxyoctanal was formed during prolonged incubations of trans-4,5-epoxy-2(E)-decenal. Therefore, trans-4,5-epoxy-2(E)-decenal, a primary product of lipid peroxidation, is a precursor to the formation of 1,N(6)-etheno-2'-deoxyadenosine and 1,N(2)-etheno-2'-deoxyguanosine. There is no need for an additional oxidation step such as would be required if trans,trans-2,4-decadienal or 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal were the lipid hydroperoxide decomposition products that initiated the formation of unsubstituted etheno adducts. These findings provide an important link between a primary product of lipid peroxidation and a mutagenic DNA lesion that has been detected in human tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seon Hwa Lee
- Center for Cancer Pharmacology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6160, USA
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49
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Guillerm D, Guillerm G, Witkowski-Vandenplas C. Inactivation of S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine hydrolase with fluorinated analogs of 2'- and 3'-deoxy-5'-methylthioadenosine. Nucleosides Nucleotides Nucleic Acids 2001; 20:689-93. [PMID: 11563093 DOI: 10.1081/ncn-100002352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Fluorinated analogs of 2'- and 3'-deoxy-5'-methylthioadenosine 1-4 caused irreversible inactivation of AdoHcy hydrolase. Based on the ESI-Mass spectra analysis of the inactivated enzyme with the fluorinated analog 1 a mechanism of inactivation is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Guillerm
- Laboratoire des Réactions Sélectives et Applications-UMR 6519, Université de Reims, BP 1039, 51687 Reims, France
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50
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Golisade A, Bressi JC, Van Calenbergh S, Gelb MH, Link A. Polymer-assisted solution-phase synthesis of 2'-amido-2'-deoxyadenosine derivatives targeted at the NAD(+)-binding sites of parasite enzymes. J Comb Chem 2000; 2:537-44. [PMID: 11029179 DOI: 10.1021/cc0000343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A polymer-assisted solution-phase (PASP) synthesis of lead structure analogues ready for biological testing without the demand for chromatographic purification is described. Carboxylic acids are coupled to the Kenner or Ellman safety catch linker, respectively, activated by methylation or cyanomethylation and subsequently transferred to the 2'-amino group of the 2'-amino-2'-deoxyadenosine scaffold (5). The chemoselective attack of weakly nucleophilic amino groups on the N-alkylated N-acyl sulfonamide linker allows for the synthesis of amides 6 in high yields without the need for protection of primary and secondary hydroxyl functions. Thus, the use of 4-sulfamylbenzoylaminomethyl polystyrene is reported for the construction of chemoselective polymer-supported acylating reagents instead of its known use as linker in solid-phase peptide or organic synthesis. This approach is demonstrated to be well suited to obtain 2'-amido-2'-deoxyadenosine derivatives 6 in parallel format. Biological evaluation of all compounds reported revealed no improvement over known lead structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Golisade
- Institut für Pharmazie, Fachbereich Chemie, Universität Hamburg, Bundesstrasse 45, D-20146 Hamburg, Germany
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