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Altomare A, Di Rosa C, Imperia E, Emerenziani S, Cicala M, Guarino MPL. Diarrhea Predominant-Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS-D): Effects of Different Nutritional Patterns on Intestinal Dysbiosis and Symptoms. Nutrients 2021; 13:1506. [PMID: 33946961 PMCID: PMC8146452 DOI: 10.3390/nu13051506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 04/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) is a chronic functional gastrointestinal disorder characterized by abdominal pain associated with defecation or a change in bowel habits. Gut microbiota, which acts as a real organ with well-defined functions, is in a mutualistic relationship with the host, harvesting additional energy and nutrients from the diet and protecting the host from pathogens; specific alterations in its composition seem to play a crucial role in IBS pathophysiology. It is well known that diet can significantly modulate the intestinal microbiota profile but it is less known how different nutritional approach effective in IBS patients, such as the low-FODMAP diet, could be responsible of intestinal microbiota changes, thus influencing the presence of gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms. The aim of this review was to explore the effects of different nutritional protocols (e.g., traditional nutritional advice, low-FODMAP diet, gluten-free diet, etc.) on IBS-D symptoms and on intestinal microbiota variations in both IBS-D patients and healthy subjects. To date, an ideal nutritional protocol does not exist for IBS-D patients but it seems crucial to consider the effect of the different nutritional approaches on the intestinal microbiota composition to better define an efficient strategy to manage this functional disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annamaria Altomare
- Gastroenterology Unit, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, Via Álvaro del Portillo 21, 00128 Rome, Italy; (A.A.); (S.E.); (M.C.); (M.P.L.G.)
- Unit of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, Via Álvaro del Portillo 21, 00128 Rome, Italy;
| | - Claudia Di Rosa
- Unit of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, Via Álvaro del Portillo 21, 00128 Rome, Italy;
| | - Elena Imperia
- Unit of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, Via Álvaro del Portillo 21, 00128 Rome, Italy;
| | - Sara Emerenziani
- Gastroenterology Unit, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, Via Álvaro del Portillo 21, 00128 Rome, Italy; (A.A.); (S.E.); (M.C.); (M.P.L.G.)
| | - Michele Cicala
- Gastroenterology Unit, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, Via Álvaro del Portillo 21, 00128 Rome, Italy; (A.A.); (S.E.); (M.C.); (M.P.L.G.)
| | - Michele Pier Luca Guarino
- Gastroenterology Unit, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, Via Álvaro del Portillo 21, 00128 Rome, Italy; (A.A.); (S.E.); (M.C.); (M.P.L.G.)
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Li X, Hui Y, Leng B, Ren J, Song Y, Che L, Peng X, Huang B, Liu S, Li L, Nielsen DS, Li Y, Dai X, Zhao S. Millet-based supplement restored gut microbial diversity of acute malnourished pigs. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0250423. [PMID: 33914799 PMCID: PMC8084169 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0250423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The tight association between malnutrition and gut microbiota (GM) dysbiosis enables microbiota-targeting intervention to be a promising strategy. Thus, we used a malnourished pig model to investigate the host response and GM alterations under different diet supplementation strategies. Pigs at age of 4 weeks were fed with pure maize diet to induce malnutrition symptoms, and followed by continuous feeding with maize (Maize, n = 8) or re-feeding using either corn-soy-blend (CSB+, n = 10) or millet-soy-blend based (MSB+, n = 10) supplementary food for 3 weeks. Meanwhile, 8 pigs were fed on a standard formulated ration as control (Ref). The effect of nutritional supplementation was assessed by the growth status, blood chemistry, gastrointestinal pathology, mucosal microbiota composition and colon production of short-chain fatty acids. Compared with purely maize-fed pigs, both CSB+ and MSB+ elevated the concentrations of total protein and globulin in blood. These pigs still showed most malnutrition symptoms after the food intervention period. MSB+ had superior influence on the GM development, exhibiting better performance in both structural and functional aspects. MSB+ pigs were colonized by less Proteobacteria but more Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes and Lachnospira spp. Pearson's correlation analysis indicated a strong correlation between the abundance of mucosal e.g., Faecalibacterium and Lachnospira spp. and body weight, crown-rump length and total serum protein. In conclusion, the malnutrition symptoms were accompanied by an aberrant GM, and millet-based nutritional supplementation showed promising potentials to restore the reduced GM diversity implicated in pig malnutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuejing Li
- BGI Institute of Applied Agriculture, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yan Hui
- BGI Institute of Applied Agriculture, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
- Department of Food Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Bingfeng Leng
- BGI Institute of Applied Agriculture, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
- Neomics Institute, Life and Science Park 301, Pingshan, Shenzhen, China
| | - Junli Ren
- BGI Institute of Applied Agriculture, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yanni Song
- BGI Education Center, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Lianqiang Che
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an, Sichuan, China
| | - Xi Peng
- College of Life Science, China West Normal University, Nanchong, China
| | - Baojia Huang
- BGI Institute of Applied Agriculture, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Songling Liu
- BGI Institute of Applied Agriculture, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Lin Li
- BGI Institute of Applied Agriculture, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
- ShenZhen Engineering Laboratory for Genomics-Assisted Animal Breeding, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | | | - Yong Li
- BGI Institute of Applied Agriculture, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
- ShenZhen Engineering Laboratory for Genomics-Assisted Animal Breeding, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiaoshuang Dai
- BGI Institute of Applied Agriculture, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shancen Zhao
- BGI Institute of Applied Agriculture, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
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Feng K, Zhao Y, Yu Q, Deng J, Wu J, Liu L. Can probiotic supplements improve the symptoms of autism spectrum disorder in children?: A protocol for systematic review and meta analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2021; 100:e18621. [PMID: 33725807 PMCID: PMC7969216 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000018621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder with increasing incidence. The externalizing and internalizing problems among children with ASD often persistent and highly impair functioning of both the child and the family. Children with ASD often develop gut-related comorbidities and dysbiosis can have negative effects on not only the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, but also psychological symptoms. Dietary exclusions and probiotic supplements also have been investigated in the management of ASD symptoms. Especially, there is some anecdotal evidence that probiotics supplements are able to alleviate GI symptoms as well as improve behaviors in children with ASD. METHOD AND ANALYSIS This review will report on overall studies that include randomized control trials, randomized cross-over studies and cluster-randomized trials designs that consider curative effect in children with ASD by probiotic supplements. We will search 6 databases: MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus, PubMed, The Cochrane Library, and Web of Science and we will perform a manual search the journal Autism and information of ongoing or unpublished studies. The Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT) will be used to assess quality of articles and the Jadad scale will be used to assess for bias. Assessment of publication bias will be performed using funnel plots generated by Comprehensive Meta-Analysis (CMA) 3.0 software. Clarifying the evidence in this area will be important for future research directions when reformulating and promoting the therapeutic regime in the field. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION There are no human participants, data, or tissue being directly studied for the purposes of the review; therefore, ethics approval and consent to participate are not applicable. The results of this study will be presented at conferences and published in peer-reviewed journals. REGISTRATION AND STATUS PROSPERO 2019 CRD42019132754.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Feng
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing
| | - Ying Zhao
- Chengdu University of Chinese Medicine, Chengdu
| | - Qingyang Yu
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing
| | - Jialin Deng
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing
| | - Jingjing Wu
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing
| | - Lingjia Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
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Qin C, Hu J, Wan Y, Cai M, Wang Z, Peng Z, Liao Y, Li D, Yao P, Liu L, Rong S, Bao W, Xu G, Yang W. Narrative review on potential role of gut microbiota in certain substance addiction. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2021; 106:110093. [PMID: 32898589 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2020.110093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 08/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
As a neuropsychiatric disorder, substance addiction represents a major public health issue with high prevalence and mortality in many countries. Recently, gut microbiota has been certified to play a part in substance addiction through various mechanisms. Hence, we mainly focused on three substance including alcohol, cocaine and methamphetamine in this review, and summarized their relationships with gut microbiota, respectively. Besides, we also concluded the possible treatments for substance addiction from the perspective of applying gut microbiota. This review aims to build a bridge between substance addiction and gut microbiota according to existing evidences, so as to excavate the possible bi-directional function of microbiota-gut-brain axis in substance addiction for developing therapeutic strategies in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenyuan Qin
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, 430030 Wuhan, China; Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene and MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, 430030 Wuhan, China
| | - Jiawei Hu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, 430030 Wuhan, China; Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene and MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, 430030 Wuhan, China
| | - Yiming Wan
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, 430030 Wuhan, China; Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene and MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, 430030 Wuhan, China
| | - Mengyao Cai
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, 430030 Wuhan, China; Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene and MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, 430030 Wuhan, China
| | - Zhenting Wang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, 430030 Wuhan, China; Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene and MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, 430030 Wuhan, China
| | - Zhao Peng
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, 430030 Wuhan, China; Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene and MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, 430030 Wuhan, China
| | - Yuxiao Liao
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, 430030 Wuhan, China; Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene and MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, 430030 Wuhan, China
| | - Dan Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, 430030 Wuhan, China; Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene and MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, 430030 Wuhan, China
| | - Ping Yao
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, 430030 Wuhan, China; Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene and MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, 430030 Wuhan, China
| | - Liegang Liu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, 430030 Wuhan, China; Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene and MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, 430030 Wuhan, China
| | - Shuang Rong
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, 430030 Wuhan, China; Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene and MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, 430030 Wuhan, China; Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Medical College, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, China
| | - Wei Bao
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, IA 52242, USA
| | - Guifeng Xu
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, IA 52242, USA; Center for Disabilities and Development, University of Iowa Stead Family Children's Hospital, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Wei Yang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, 430030 Wuhan, China; Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene and MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, 430030 Wuhan, China.
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Jiang P, Zheng W, Sun X, Jiang G, Wu S, Xu Y, Song S, Ai C. Sulfated polysaccharides from Undaria pinnatifida improved high fat diet-induced metabolic syndrome, gut microbiota dysbiosis and inflammation in BALB/c mice. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 167:1587-1597. [PMID: 33217459 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.11.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Undaria pinnatifida was shown to reduce serum lipids and fat accumulation and produce beneficial effect on type 2 diabetes, but its effect on intestinal micro-ecology remains unclear. This study showed that sulfated polysaccharides from U. pinnatifida (UPSP) reduced weight gain, fat accumulation and metabolic disorders in mice fed with high fat diet (HFD). UPSP not only alleviated HFD-induced microbiota dysbiosis indicated as increased abundances of some Bacteroidales members that had positive correlations with the improvement of physiological indexes, but also maintained gut barrier integrity and reduced metabolic endotoxemia. A dose-effect relationship was observed between the dose of UPSP and its effect on some physiological indexes, gut microbiota community and nutrient utilization. The in vitro result showed that the use of Bacteroides species within Bacteroidales on UPSP was species-dependent, and the dose of UPSP affected the growth properties of some Bacteroides species. It implied that UPSP can be considered as prebiotic agent to prevent gut dysbiosis and obesity-related diseases in obese individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pingrui Jiang
- School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, PR China
| | - Weiyun Zheng
- School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, PR China
| | - Xiaona Sun
- School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, PR China
| | - Guoping Jiang
- School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, PR China
| | - Shuang Wu
- School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, PR China
| | - Yuxin Xu
- School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, PR China
| | - Shuang Song
- School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, PR China; National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Marine Bioactive Polysaccharide Development and Application, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, PR China
| | - Chunqing Ai
- School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, PR China; National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Marine Bioactive Polysaccharide Development and Application, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, PR China.
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Pisanu S, Palmas V, Madau V, Casula E, Deledda A, Cusano R, Uva P, Vascellari S, Boi F, Loviselli A, Manzin A, Velluzzi F. Impact of a Moderately Hypocaloric Mediterranean Diet on the Gut Microbiota Composition of Italian Obese Patients. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12092707. [PMID: 32899756 PMCID: PMC7551852 DOI: 10.3390/nu12092707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Although it is known that the gut microbiota (GM) can be modulated by diet, the efficacy of specific dietary interventions in determining its composition and diversity in obese patients remains to be ascertained. The present work aims to evaluate the impact of a moderately hypocaloric Mediterranean diet on the GM of obese and overweight patients (OB). The GM of 23 OB patients (F/M = 20/3) was compared before (T0) and after 3 months (T3) of nutritional intervention (NI). Fecal samples were analyzed by Illumina MiSeq sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene. At baseline, GM characterization confirmed typical obesity-associated dysbiosis. After 3 months of NI, patients presented a statistically significant reduction in body weight and fat mass, along with changes in the relative abundance of many microbial patterns. In fact, an increase in the abundance of several Bacteroidetes taxa (i.e., Sphingobacteriaceae, Sphingobacterium, Bacteroides spp., Prevotella stercorea) and a depletion of many Firmicutes taxa (i.e., Lachnospiraceae members, Ruminococcaceae and Ruminococcus, Veillonellaceae, Catenibacterium, Megamonas) were observed. In addition, the phylum Proteobacteria showed an increased abundance, while the genus Sutterella, within the same phylum, decreased after the intervention. Metabolic pathways, predicted by bioinformatic analyses, showed a decrease in membrane transport and cell motility after NI. The present study extends our knowledge of the GM profiles in OB, highlighting the potential benefit of moderate caloric restriction in counteracting the gut dysbiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Pisanu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy; (S.P.); (V.P.); (V.M.); (E.C.); (S.V.); (A.M.)
| | - Vanessa Palmas
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy; (S.P.); (V.P.); (V.M.); (E.C.); (S.V.); (A.M.)
| | - Veronica Madau
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy; (S.P.); (V.P.); (V.M.); (E.C.); (S.V.); (A.M.)
| | - Emanuela Casula
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy; (S.P.); (V.P.); (V.M.); (E.C.); (S.V.); (A.M.)
| | - Andrea Deledda
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy; (A.D.); (F.B.); (F.V.)
| | - Roberto Cusano
- CRS4, Science and Technology Park Polaris, Piscina Manna, Pula, 09010 Cagliari, Italy; (R.C.); (P.U.)
| | - Paolo Uva
- CRS4, Science and Technology Park Polaris, Piscina Manna, Pula, 09010 Cagliari, Italy; (R.C.); (P.U.)
| | - Sarah Vascellari
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy; (S.P.); (V.P.); (V.M.); (E.C.); (S.V.); (A.M.)
| | - Francesco Boi
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy; (A.D.); (F.B.); (F.V.)
| | - Andrea Loviselli
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy; (A.D.); (F.B.); (F.V.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-070-675-4268
| | - Aldo Manzin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy; (S.P.); (V.P.); (V.M.); (E.C.); (S.V.); (A.M.)
| | - Fernanda Velluzzi
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy; (A.D.); (F.B.); (F.V.)
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Mottawea W, Sultan S, Landau K, Bordenave N, Hammami R. Evaluation of the Prebiotic Potential of a Commercial Synbiotic Food Ingredient on Gut Microbiota in an Ex Vivo Model of the Human Colon. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12092669. [PMID: 32882999 PMCID: PMC7551822 DOI: 10.3390/nu12092669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Behavior and mood disorders have been linked to gut microbiota dysbiosis through the “microbiota-gut-brain axis”. Microbiota-targeting interventions are promising therapeutic modalities to restore or even maintain normal microbiome composition and activity in these disorders. Here, we test the impact of a commercial synbiotic formulation on gut microbiota composition and metabolic activity. We employed an ex-vivo continuous fermentation model that simulates the proximal colon to assess the effect of this formulation on microbiota structure and functionality as compared to no treatment control and microcrystalline cellulose as a dietary fiber control. The test formulation did not alter the diversity of gut microbiota over 48 h of treatment. However, it induced the enrichment of Lactobacillus, Collinsella and Erysipelotrichaceae. The test formulation significantly increased the level of microbiota-generated butyrate within 12 h of treatment as compared to 24 h required by microcrystalline cellulose to boost its production. The test formulation did not lead to a significant change in amino acid profiles. These results provide evidence of potential benefits related to synbiotic effects and general gut health and support the potential of this food formulation as a therapeutic dietary intervention in mood and behavior disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walid Mottawea
- School of Nutrition Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada; (W.M.); (S.S.); (N.B.)
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Salma Sultan
- School of Nutrition Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada; (W.M.); (S.S.); (N.B.)
| | - Kara Landau
- Uplift Food Pty Ltd., New York, NY 10001, USA;
| | - Nicolas Bordenave
- School of Nutrition Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada; (W.M.); (S.S.); (N.B.)
- School of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Riadh Hammami
- School of Nutrition Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada; (W.M.); (S.S.); (N.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-613-562-5800 (ext. 4110)
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Abstract
Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease characterized by accelerated tumor necrosis factor-α/interleukin-23/interleukin-17 axis, hyperproliferation and abnormal differentiation of epidermal keratinocytes. Psoriasis patients are frequently associated with obesity, diabetes, dyslipidemia, cardiovascular diseases, or inflammatory bowel diseases. Psoriasis patients often show unbalanced dietary habits such as higher intake of fat and lower intake of fish or dietary fibers, compared to controls. Such dietary habits might be related to the incidence and severity of psoriasis. Nutrition influences the development and progress of psoriasis and its comorbidities. Saturated fatty acids, simple sugars, red meat, or alcohol exacerbate psoriasis via the activation of nucleotide-binding domain, leucine-rich repeats containing family, pyrin domain-containing-3 inflammasome, tumor necrosis factor-α/interleukin-23/interleukin-17 pathway, reactive oxygen species, prostanoids/leukotrienes, gut dysbiosis or suppression of regulatory T cells, while n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, vitamin D, vitamin B12, short chain fatty acids, selenium, genistein, dietary fibers or probiotics ameliorate psoriasis via the suppression of inflammatory pathways above or induction of regulatory T cells. Psoriasis patients are associated with dysbiosis of gut microbiota and the deficiency of vitamin D or selenium. We herein present the update information regarding the stimulatory or regulatory effects of nutrients or food on psoriasis and the possible alleviation of psoriasis by nutritional strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoko Kanda
- Department of Dermatology, Nippon Medical School, Chiba Hokusoh Hospital, Inzai, Chiba 270-1694, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-476-991-111; Fax: +81-476-991-909
| | - Toshihiko Hoashi
- Department of Dermatology, Nippon Medical School, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo 113-8602, Japan; (T.H.); (H.S.)
| | - Hidehisa Saeki
- Department of Dermatology, Nippon Medical School, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo 113-8602, Japan; (T.H.); (H.S.)
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Sainz T, Gosalbes MJ, Talavera A, Jimenez-Hernandez N, Prieto L, Escosa L, Guillén S, Ramos JT, Muñoz-Fernández MÁ, Moya A, Navarro ML, Mellado MJ, Serrano-Villar S. Effect of a Nutritional Intervention on the Intestinal Microbiota of Vertically HIV-Infected Children: The Pediabiota Study. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12072112. [PMID: 32708743 PMCID: PMC7400861 DOI: 10.3390/nu12072112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS The gut microbiota exerts a critical influence in the immune system. The gut microbiota of human virus immunodeficiency (HIV)-infected children remains barely explored. We aimed to characterize the fecal microbiota in vertically HIV-infected children and to explore the effects of its modulation with a symbiotic nutritional intervention. METHODS a pilot, double blind, randomized placebo-controlled study including HIV-infected children who were randomized to receive a nutritional supplementation including prebiotics and probiotics or placebo for four weeks. HIV-uninfected siblings were recruited as controls. The V3-V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene was sequenced in fecal samples. RESULTS 22 HIV-infected children on antiretroviral therapy (ART) and with viral load (VL) <50/mL completed the follow-up period. Mean age was 11.4 ± 3.4 years, eight (32%) were male. Their microbiota showed reduced alpha diversity compared to controls and distinct beta diversity at the genus level (Adonis p = 0.042). Patients showed decreased abundance of commensals Faecalibacterium and an increase in Prevotella, Akkermansia and Escherichia. The nutritional intervention shaped the microbiota towards the control group, without a clear directionality. CONCLUSIONS Vertical HIV infection is characterized by changes in gut microbiota structure, distinct at the compositional level from the findings reported in adults. A short nutritional intervention attenuated bacterial dysbiosis, without clear changes at the community level. SUMMARY In a group of 24 vertically HIV-infected children, in comparison to 11 uninfected controls, intestinal dysbiosis was observed despite effective ART. Although not fully effective to restore the microbiota, a short intervention with pre/probiotics attenuated bacterial dysbiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Talía Sainz
- Servicio de Pediatría, Hospital Universitario La Paz and IdiPAZ, 28046 Madrid, Spain; (L.E.); (M.J.M.)
- Red de Investigación CoRISpe integrada en la Red en Infectología Pediátrica (RITIP), 28046 Madrid, Spain; (L.P.); (S.G.); (J.T.R.); (M.L.N.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-917277201
| | - María José Gosalbes
- Área Genómica y Salud, Fundación para el Fomento de la Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica (FISABIO), 46010 Valencia, Spain; (M.J.G.); (N.J.-H.); (A.M.)
- CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alba Talavera
- Bioinformatics Unit, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal and IRYCIS, 28034 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Nuria Jimenez-Hernandez
- Área Genómica y Salud, Fundación para el Fomento de la Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica (FISABIO), 46010 Valencia, Spain; (M.J.G.); (N.J.-H.); (A.M.)
- CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis Prieto
- Red de Investigación CoRISpe integrada en la Red en Infectología Pediátrica (RITIP), 28046 Madrid, Spain; (L.P.); (S.G.); (J.T.R.); (M.L.N.)
- Servicio de Pediatría, Hospital 12 de Octubre and I+12, 28041 Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis Escosa
- Servicio de Pediatría, Hospital Universitario La Paz and IdiPAZ, 28046 Madrid, Spain; (L.E.); (M.J.M.)
- Red de Investigación CoRISpe integrada en la Red en Infectología Pediátrica (RITIP), 28046 Madrid, Spain; (L.P.); (S.G.); (J.T.R.); (M.L.N.)
| | - Sara Guillén
- Red de Investigación CoRISpe integrada en la Red en Infectología Pediátrica (RITIP), 28046 Madrid, Spain; (L.P.); (S.G.); (J.T.R.); (M.L.N.)
- Servicio de Pediatría, Hospital de Getafe, 28901 Madrid, Spain
| | - José Tomás Ramos
- Red de Investigación CoRISpe integrada en la Red en Infectología Pediátrica (RITIP), 28046 Madrid, Spain; (L.P.); (S.G.); (J.T.R.); (M.L.N.)
- Spain Servicio de Pediatría, Hospital Clinico San Carlos and UCM, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - María Ángeles Muñoz-Fernández
- Laboratorio InmunoBiología Molecular, Sección Inmunología, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón and Spanish HIV HGM BioBank, Madrid Spain, Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), 28007 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Andrés Moya
- Área Genómica y Salud, Fundación para el Fomento de la Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica (FISABIO), 46010 Valencia, Spain; (M.J.G.); (N.J.-H.); (A.M.)
- CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Biología Integrativa de Sistemas, Universidad de Valencia, 46003 Valencia, Spain
| | - Maria Luisa Navarro
- Red de Investigación CoRISpe integrada en la Red en Infectología Pediátrica (RITIP), 28046 Madrid, Spain; (L.P.); (S.G.); (J.T.R.); (M.L.N.)
- Servicio de Pediatría, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, 28007 Madrid, Spain
| | - María José Mellado
- Servicio de Pediatría, Hospital Universitario La Paz and IdiPAZ, 28046 Madrid, Spain; (L.E.); (M.J.M.)
- Red de Investigación CoRISpe integrada en la Red en Infectología Pediátrica (RITIP), 28046 Madrid, Spain; (L.P.); (S.G.); (J.T.R.); (M.L.N.)
| | - Sergio Serrano-Villar
- Servicio de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal and IRYCIS, 28034 Madrid, Spain;
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De Filippis A, Ullah H, Baldi A, Dacrema M, Esposito C, Garzarella EU, Santarcangelo C, Tantipongpiradet A, Daglia M. Gastrointestinal Disorders and Metabolic Syndrome: Dysbiosis as a Key Link and Common Bioactive Dietary Components Useful for their Treatment. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E4929. [PMID: 32668581 PMCID: PMC7404341 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21144929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Revised: 07/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal (GI) diseases, which include gastrointestinal reflux disease, gastric ulceration, inflammatory bowel disease, and other functional GI disorders, have become prevalent in a large part of the world population. Metabolic syndrome (MS) is cluster of disorders including obesity, hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, and hypertension, and is associated with high rate of morbidity and mortality. Gut dysbiosis is one of the contributing factors to the pathogenesis of both GI disorder and MS, and restoration of normal flora can provide a potential protective approach in both these conditions. Bioactive dietary components are known to play a significant role in the maintenance of health and wellness, as they have the potential to modify risk factors for a large number of serious disorders. Different classes of functional dietary components, such as dietary fibers, probiotics, prebiotics, polyunsaturated fatty acids, polyphenols, and spices, possess positive impacts on human health and can be useful as alternative treatments for GI disorders and metabolic dysregulation, as they can modify the risk factors associated with these pathologies. Their regular intake in sufficient amounts also aids in the restoration of normal intestinal flora, resulting in positive regulation of insulin signaling, metabolic pathways and immune responses, and reduction of low-grade chronic inflammation. This review is designed to focus on the health benefits of bioactive dietary components, with the aim of preventing the development or halting the progression of GI disorders and MS through an improvement of the most important risk factors including gut dysbiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna De Filippis
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (A.D.F.); (H.U.); (M.D.); (C.E.); (E.U.G.); (C.S.); (A.T.)
| | - Hammad Ullah
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (A.D.F.); (H.U.); (M.D.); (C.E.); (E.U.G.); (C.S.); (A.T.)
| | - Alessandra Baldi
- TefarcoInnova, National Inter-University Consortium of Innovative Pharmaceutical Technologies—Parma, 43124 Parma, Italy;
| | - Marco Dacrema
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (A.D.F.); (H.U.); (M.D.); (C.E.); (E.U.G.); (C.S.); (A.T.)
| | - Cristina Esposito
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (A.D.F.); (H.U.); (M.D.); (C.E.); (E.U.G.); (C.S.); (A.T.)
| | - Emanuele Ugo Garzarella
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (A.D.F.); (H.U.); (M.D.); (C.E.); (E.U.G.); (C.S.); (A.T.)
| | - Cristina Santarcangelo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (A.D.F.); (H.U.); (M.D.); (C.E.); (E.U.G.); (C.S.); (A.T.)
| | - Ariyawan Tantipongpiradet
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (A.D.F.); (H.U.); (M.D.); (C.E.); (E.U.G.); (C.S.); (A.T.)
| | - Maria Daglia
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (A.D.F.); (H.U.); (M.D.); (C.E.); (E.U.G.); (C.S.); (A.T.)
- International Research Center for Food Nutrition and Safety, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
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11
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Raval U, Harary J, Zeng E, Pasinetti GM. The dichotomous role of the gut microbiome in exacerbating and ameliorating neurodegenerative disorders. Expert Rev Neurother 2020; 20:673-686. [PMID: 32459513 PMCID: PMC7387222 DOI: 10.1080/14737175.2020.1775585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Age related neurodegenerative disorders affect millions of people around the world. The role of the gut microbiome (GM) in neurodegenerative disorders has been elucidated over the past few years. Dysbiosis of the gut microbiome ultimately results in neurodegeneration. However, the gut microbiome can be modulated to promote neuro-resilience. AREAS COVERED This review is focused on demonstrating the role of the gut microbiome in host physiology in Parkinson's disease (PD) and other neurodegenerative disorders. We will discuss how the microbiome will impact neurodegeneration in PD, Alzheimer's Disease (AD), Multiple sclerosis (MS), Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS), and finally discuss how the gut microbiome can be influenced through diet and lifestyle. EXPERT OPINION Currently, much of the focus has been to study the mechanisms by which the microbiome induces neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration in PD, AD, MS, ALS. In particular, the role of certain dietary flavonoids in regulation of gut microbiome to promote neuro-resilience. Polyphenol prebiotics delivered in combination with probiotics (synbiotics) present an exciting new avenue to harness the microbiome to attenuate immune inflammatory responses which ultimately may influence brain cascades associated with promotion of neurodegeneration across the lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urdhva Raval
- Department of Neurology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Joyce Harary
- Department of Neurology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Emma Zeng
- Department of Neurology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Giulio M. Pasinetti
- Department of Neurology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, James J. Peters Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Bronx, NY 10468, USA
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12
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Ji Y, Yin Y, Sun L, Zhang W. The Molecular and Mechanistic Insights Based on Gut-Liver Axis: Nutritional Target for Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) Improvement. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21093066. [PMID: 32357561 PMCID: PMC7247681 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21093066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is recognized as the most frequent classification of liver disease around the globe. Along with the sequencing technologies, gut microbiota has been regarded as a vital factor for the maintenance of human and animal health and the mediation of multiple diseases. The modulation of gut microbiota as a mechanism affecting the pathogenesis of NAFLD is becoming a growing area of concern. Recent advances in the communication between gut and hepatic tissue pave novel ways to better explain the molecular mechanisms regarding the pathological physiology of NAFLD. In this review, we recapitulate the current knowledge of the mechanisms correlated with the development and progression of NAFLD regulated by the gut microbiome and gut-liver axis, which may provide crucial therapeutic strategies for NAFLD. These mechanisms predominantly involve: (1) the alteration in gut microbiome profile; (2) the effects of components and metabolites from gut bacteria (e.g., lipopolysaccharides (LPS), trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO), and N,N,N-trimethyl-5-aminovaleric acid (TMAVA)); and (3) the impairment of intestinal barrier function and bile acid homeostasis. In particular, the prevention and therapy of NAFLD assisted by nutritional strategies are highlighted, including probiotics, functional oligosaccharides, dietary fibers, ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, functional amino acids (L-tryptophan and L-glutamine), carotenoids, and polyphenols, based on the targets excavated from the gut-liver axis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yue Yin
- Correspondence: (Y.Y.); (W.Z.); Fax.: +86-10-82802183 (Y.Y.); +86-10-82802183 (W.Z.)
| | | | - Weizhen Zhang
- Correspondence: (Y.Y.); (W.Z.); Fax.: +86-10-82802183 (Y.Y.); +86-10-82802183 (W.Z.)
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13
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Wieczorska K, Stolarek M, Stec R. The Role of the Gut Microbiome in Colorectal Cancer: Where Are We? Where Are We Going? Clin Colorectal Cancer 2020; 19:5-12. [PMID: 31678050 DOI: 10.1016/j.clcc.2019.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2018] [Revised: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Microbiome (microbiota) is a community of all microorganisms inhabiting a specific site of the body, including pathogens, which distinguishes it from the physiological microflora. Intestinal dysbiosis plays a key role in the development of colorectal cancer. In the process of carcinogenesis, inflammation, immune response, and toxic metabolites play a significant role. Specific species of bacteria might affect the risk of colorectal cancer and growth of tumor already present. Assessment of changes in the intestinal microbiome during the development and progression of colorectal cancer might create a simple diagnostic tool, a useful biomarker, or might influence treatment strategies in colorectal cancer patients. Analysis of the gut microbiome provides the potential to develop noninvasive diagnostic tests that would be useful as new protective markers of colorectal cancer, prognostic markers in already present colorectal cancer, and predictive markers of response to treatment, especially immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Rafał Stec
- Department of Oncology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.
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14
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Terzo S, Mulè F, Caldara GF, Baldassano S, Puleio R, Vitale M, Cassata G, Ferrantelli V, Amato A. Pistachio Consumption Alleviates Inflammation and Improves Gut Microbiota Composition in Mice Fed a High-Fat Diet. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21010365. [PMID: 31935892 PMCID: PMC6981517 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21010365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Revised: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
High-fat diet (HFD) induces inflammation and microbial dysbiosis, which are components of the metabolic syndrome. Nutritional strategies can be a valid tool to prevent metabolic and inflammatory diseases. The aim of the present study was to evaluate if the chronic intake of pistachio prevents obesity-associated inflammation and dysbiosis in HFD-fed mice. Three groups of male mice (four weeks old; n = 8 per group) were fed for 16 weeks with a standard diet (STD), HFD, or HFD supplemented with pistachios (HFD-P; 180 g/kg of HFD). Serum, hepatic and adipose tissue inflammation markers were analyzed in HFD-P animals and compared to HFD and STD groups. Measures of inflammation, obesity, and intestinal integrity were assessed. Fecal samples were collected for gut microbiota analysis. Serum TNF-α and IL-1β levels were significantly reduced in HFD-P compared to HFD. Number and area of adipocytes, crown-like structure density, IL-1β, TNF-α, F4-80, and CCL-2 mRNA expression levels were significantly reduced in HFD-P subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissues, compared to HFD. A significant reduction in the number of inflammatory foci and IL-1β and CCL-2 gene expression was observed in the liver of HFD-P mice compared with HFD. Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio was reduced in HFD-P mice in comparison to the HFD group. A pistachio diet significantly increased abundance of healthy bacteria genera such as Parabacteroides, Dorea, Allobaculum, Turicibacter, Lactobacillus, and Anaeroplasma, and greatly reduced bacteria associated with inflammation, such as Oscillospira, Desulfovibrio, Coprobacillus, and Bilophila. The intestinal conductance was lower in HFD-P mice than in the HFD mice, suggesting an improvement in the gut barrier function. The results of the present study showed that regular pistachio consumption improved inflammation in obese mice. The positive effects could be related to positive modulation of the microbiota composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Terzo
- Department of Experimental Biomedicine and Clinical Neuroscience (BioNec), University of Palermo, Via del Vespro 129, 90127 Palermo, Italy;
- Department of Biological- Chemical- Pharmaceutical Science and Technology (STEBICEF), University of Palermo- Viale delle Scienze, Edificio 16, 90128 Palermo, Italy; (F.M.); (G.F.C.); (S.B.)
| | - Flavia Mulè
- Department of Biological- Chemical- Pharmaceutical Science and Technology (STEBICEF), University of Palermo- Viale delle Scienze, Edificio 16, 90128 Palermo, Italy; (F.M.); (G.F.C.); (S.B.)
| | - Gaetano Felice Caldara
- Department of Biological- Chemical- Pharmaceutical Science and Technology (STEBICEF), University of Palermo- Viale delle Scienze, Edificio 16, 90128 Palermo, Italy; (F.M.); (G.F.C.); (S.B.)
| | - Sara Baldassano
- Department of Biological- Chemical- Pharmaceutical Science and Technology (STEBICEF), University of Palermo- Viale delle Scienze, Edificio 16, 90128 Palermo, Italy; (F.M.); (G.F.C.); (S.B.)
| | - Roberto Puleio
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia “A. Mirri”, Via Gino Marinuzzi 3, 90129 Palermo, Italy; (R.P.); (M.V.); (G.C.); (V.F.)
| | - Maria Vitale
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia “A. Mirri”, Via Gino Marinuzzi 3, 90129 Palermo, Italy; (R.P.); (M.V.); (G.C.); (V.F.)
| | - Giovanni Cassata
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia “A. Mirri”, Via Gino Marinuzzi 3, 90129 Palermo, Italy; (R.P.); (M.V.); (G.C.); (V.F.)
| | - Vincenzo Ferrantelli
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia “A. Mirri”, Via Gino Marinuzzi 3, 90129 Palermo, Italy; (R.P.); (M.V.); (G.C.); (V.F.)
| | - Antonella Amato
- Department of Biological- Chemical- Pharmaceutical Science and Technology (STEBICEF), University of Palermo- Viale delle Scienze, Edificio 16, 90128 Palermo, Italy; (F.M.); (G.F.C.); (S.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-091-23897506
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15
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Cancello R, Turroni S, Rampelli S, Cattaldo S, Candela M, Cattani L, Mai S, Vietti R, Scacchi M, Brigidi P, Invitti C. Effect of Short-Term Dietary Intervention and Probiotic Mix Supplementation on the Gut Microbiota of Elderly Obese Women. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11123011. [PMID: 31835452 PMCID: PMC6950529 DOI: 10.3390/nu11123011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Revised: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating literature is providing evidence that the gut microbiota is involved in metabolic disorders, but the question of how to effectively modulate it to restore homeostasis, especially in the elderly, is still under debate. In this study, we profiled the intestinal microbiota of 20 elderly obese women (EO) at the baseline (T0), after 15 days of hypocaloric Mediterranean diet administered as part of a nutritional-metabolic rehabilitation program for obesity (T1), and after a further 15 days of the same diet supplemented with a probiotic mix (T2). Fecal samples were characterized by Illumina MiSeq sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene. The EO microbiota showed the typical alterations found in obesity, namely, an increase in potential pro-inflammatory components (i.e., Collinsella) and a decrease in health-promoting, short-chain fatty acid producers (i.e., Lachnospiraceae and Ruminococcaceae members), with a tendency to reduced biodiversity. After 15 days of the rehabilitation program, weight decreased by (2.7 ± 1.5)% and the gut microbiota dysbiosis was partially reversed, with a decline of Collinsella and an increase in leanness-related taxa. During the next 15 days of diet and probiotics, weight dropped further by (1.2 ± 1.1)%, markers of oxidative stress improved, and Akkermansia, a mucin degrader with beneficial effects on host metabolism, increased significantly. These findings support the relevant role of a correct dietetic approach, even in the short term, to modulate the EO gut microbiota towards a metabolic health-related configuration, counteracting the increased risk of morbidity in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raffaella Cancello
- Department of Medical Sciences and Rehabilitation, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, 20145 Milan, Italy
- Correspondence: (R.C.); (S.T.); Tel.: +39-026-191-13034 (R.C.); +39-051-209-9727 (S.T.)
| | - Silvia Turroni
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Unit of Microbial Ecology of Health, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
- Correspondence: (R.C.); (S.T.); Tel.: +39-026-191-13034 (R.C.); +39-051-209-9727 (S.T.)
| | - Simone Rampelli
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Unit of Microbial Ecology of Health, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Stefania Cattaldo
- Laboratory of Clinical Neurobiology, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, 28824 Piancavallo (VB), Italy
| | - Marco Candela
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Unit of Microbial Ecology of Health, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Laila Cattani
- Division of Nutritional Rehabilitation, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, 28824 Piancavallo (VB), Italy
| | - Stefania Mai
- Laboratory of Metabolic Research, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, 28824 Piancavallo (VB), Italy
| | - Roberta Vietti
- Laboratory of Metabolic Research, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, 28824 Piancavallo (VB), Italy
| | - Massimo Scacchi
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, 28824 Piancavallo (VB), Italy
- Department of Clinical Science and Community Health, University of Milan, 20100 Milan, Italy
| | - Patrizia Brigidi
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Unit of Microbial Ecology of Health, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Cecilia Invitti
- Department of Medical Sciences and Rehabilitation, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, 20145 Milan, Italy
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16
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McBurney MI, Davis C, Fraser CM, Schneeman BO, Huttenhower C, Verbeke K, Walter J, Latulippe ME. Establishing What Constitutes a Healthy Human Gut Microbiome: State of the Science, Regulatory Considerations, and Future Directions. J Nutr 2019; 149:1882-1895. [PMID: 31373365 PMCID: PMC6825832 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxz154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Revised: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
On December 17, 2018, the North American branch of the International Life Sciences Institute (ILSI North America) convened a workshop "Can We Begin to Define a Healthy Gut Microbiome Through Quantifiable Characteristics?" with >40 invited academic, government, and industry experts in Washington, DC. The workshop objectives were to 1) develop a collective expert assessment of the state of the evidence on the human gut microbiome and associated human health benefits, 2) see if there was sufficient evidence to establish measurable gut microbiome characteristics that could serve as indicators of "health," 3) identify short- and long-term research needs to fully characterize healthy gut microbiome-host relationships, and 4) publish the findings. Conclusions were as follows: 1) mechanistic links of specific changes in gut microbiome structure with function or markers of human health are not yet established; 2) it is not established if dysbiosis is a cause, consequence, or both of changes in human gut epithelial function and disease; 3) microbiome communities are highly individualized, show a high degree of interindividual variation to perturbation, and tend to be stable over years; 4) the complexity of microbiome-host interactions requires a comprehensive, multidisciplinary research agenda to elucidate relationships between gut microbiome and host health; 5) biomarkers and/or surrogate indicators of host function and pathogenic processes based on the microbiome need to be determined and validated, along with normal ranges, using approaches similar to those used to establish biomarkers and/or surrogate indicators based on host metabolic phenotypes; 6) future studies measuring responses to an exposure or intervention need to combine validated microbiome-related biomarkers and/or surrogate indicators with multiomics characterization of the microbiome; and 7) because static genetic sampling misses important short- and long-term microbiome-related dynamic changes to host health, future studies must be powered to account for inter- and intraindividual variation and should use repeated measures within individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael I McBurney
- Human Health & Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Canada
| | | | - Claire M Fraser
- Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | | | | | - Kristin Verbeke
- Chronic Diseases, Metabolism & Ageing, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jens Walter
- Agricultural, Food, & Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Marie E Latulippe
- The International Life Sciences Institute, North American Branch, Washington, DC
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Chu JR, Kang SY, Kim SE, Lee SJ, Lee YC, Sung MK. Prebiotic UG1601 mitigates constipation-related events in association with gut microbiota: A randomized placebo-controlled intervention study. World J Gastroenterol 2019; 25:6129-6144. [PMID: 31686768 PMCID: PMC6824284 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v25.i40.6129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Revised: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Constipation is a common functional gastrointestinal disorder and its etiology is multifactorial. Growing evidence suggests that intestinal dysbiosis is associated with the development of constipation. Prebiotics are subjected to bacterial fermentation in the gut to produce short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), which can help relieve constipation symptoms. The prebiotic UG1601 consists of inulin, lactitol, and aloe vera gel, which are known laxatives, but randomized, controlled clinical trials that examine the effects of this supplement on gut microbiota composition are lacking.
AIM To assess the efficacy of the prebiotic UG1601 in suppressing constipation-related adverse events in subjects with mild constipation.
METHODS Adults with a stool frequency of less than thrice a week were randomized to receive either prebiotics or a placebo supplement for 4 wk. All participants provided their fecal and blood samples at baseline and at the end of intervention. Gastrointestinal symptoms and stool frequency were evaluated. The concentrations of serum endotoxemia markers and fecal SCFAs were determined. The relative abundance of SCFA-producing bacteria and the gut microbial community in the responders and non-responders in the prebiotics supplementation group were evaluated.
RESULTS There were no significant differences in gastrointestinal symptoms between groups, although the prebiotic group showed greater symptom improvement. However, after prebiotic usage, serum cluster of differentiation (CD) 14 and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) concentrations were significantly decreased (CD14, P = 0.012; LPS, P < 0.001). The change in LPS concentration was significantly larger in the prebiotic group than in the placebo group (P < 0.001). Fecal SCFAs concentrations did not differ between groups, while the relative abundance of Roseburia hominis, a major butyrate producer, was significantly increased in the prebiotic group (P = 0.045). The abundances of the phylum Firmicutes and the family Lachnospiraceae (phylum Firmicutes, class Clostridia) (P = 0.009) were decreased in the responders within the prebiotic group. In addition, the proportions of the phylum Firmicutes, the class Clostridia, and the order Clostridiales were inversely correlated with several fecal SCFAs (P < 0.05).
CONCLUSION Alterations in gut microbiota composition, including a decrease in the phylum Firmicutes and an increase in butyrate-producing bacteria, following prebiotic UG1601 supplementation might help alleviate symptom scores and endotoxemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Ryang Chu
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul 04310, South Korea
| | - Saem-Yi Kang
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul 04310, South Korea
| | - Sung-Eun Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul 04310, South Korea
| | - Sol-Ji Lee
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul 04310, South Korea
| | | | - Mi-Kyung Sung
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul 04310, South Korea
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Liu Y, Li T, Alim A, Ren D, Zhao Y, Yang X. Regulatory Effects of Stachyose on Colonic and Hepatic Inflammation, Gut Microbiota Dysbiosis, and Peripheral CD4 + T Cell Distribution Abnormality in High-Fat Diet-Fed Mice. J Agric Food Chem 2019; 67:11665-11674. [PMID: 31588753 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b04731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A long-term high-fat diet (HFD) can cause a range of health problems. Gut microbiota plays a decisive role in the development of HFD-associated inflammation, involved in function of T cells. This study was designed to probe the regulative effects of dietary stachyose, a functional oligosaccharide, on HFD-induced weight gain, inflammation, gut microbiota dysbiosis, and T cell abnormality in C57Bl/6 mice. Mice were divided into three groups which received normal chow, HFD and HFD plus stachyose (400 mg/kg), respectively. Results showed that administration of stachyose diminished the HFD-induced upregulation of serum TNF-α level and elevation of peripheral blood leukocyte populations to alleviate the HFD-caused colonic and hepatic inflammation in mice. Analysis of gut microbiota revealed that stachyose improved the intestinal homeostasis of HFD-fed mice by improving the bacterial diversity with the increases in the relative abundances of the Prevotellaceae_NK3B31_group, Parasutterella, Christensenellaceae_R-7_group, and Anaerovorax, as well as the fecal level of butanoic acid, while decreasing the ratio of Firmicutes-to-Bacteroidetes and the abundances of the Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136_group, Desulfovibrio, Anaerotruncus, Mucispirillum, Roseburia, and Odoribacter. Flow cytometric analysis showed that stachyose antagonized the HFD-induced decrease of peripheral CD4+ T cell population in mice. Conclusively, these findings suggest that long-term consumption of stachyose can ameliorate the HFD-associated colonic and hepatic inflammation and its complications by modulating gut microbiota.
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Barrea L, Muscogiuri G, Annunziata G, Laudisio D, Pugliese G, Salzano C, Colao A, Savastano S. From gut microbiota dysfunction to obesity: could short-chain fatty acids stop this dangerous course? Hormones (Athens) 2019; 18:245-250. [PMID: 30840230 DOI: 10.1007/s42000-019-00100-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Study of the interactions between the gut microbiota and brain-gut axis represents a very appealing approach to increasing our knowledge about the mechanisms leading to obesity and obesity-related diseases. The aim of this review is to focus on the effects of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), which are the main products of gut microbial fermentation from non-digestible carbohydrates in the colon, on the gut-brain axis. Evidence is accumulating regarding the role of SCFAs in the fine-tuning of the gut-brain axis, a feedback system which is vital not only for the proper maintenance of gastrointestinal and metabolic functions, but also for the regulation of food intake and energy expenditure. SCFAs are thought to play a key role in increasing the host capacity to harvest excess energy from the diet. SCFAs, however, can exert their effects on the host metabolism via multiple complementary pathways. Metabolic, inflammatory, and neural pathways can be regulated by SCFAs, which can act by sensing nutritional status, thereby maintaining body energy homeostasis. SCFA production from prebiotic consumption is the rationale for targeting intestinal mechanisms to increase energy expenditure and thereby reduce obesity risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Barrea
- Unit of Endocrinology, Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Federico II University Medical School of Naples, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy.
| | - Giovanna Muscogiuri
- Unit of Endocrinology, Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Federico II University Medical School of Naples, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Annunziata
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples "Federico II", Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Daniela Laudisio
- Unit of Endocrinology, Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Federico II University Medical School of Naples, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Gabriella Pugliese
- Unit of Endocrinology, Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Federico II University Medical School of Naples, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Ciro Salzano
- Unit of Endocrinology, Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Federico II University Medical School of Naples, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Annamaria Colao
- Unit of Endocrinology, Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Federico II University Medical School of Naples, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Silvia Savastano
- Unit of Endocrinology, Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Federico II University Medical School of Naples, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
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20
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Han Y, Song M, Gu M, Ren D, Zhu X, Cao X, Li F, Wang W, Cai X, Yuan B, Goulette T, Zhang G, Xiao H. Dietary Intake of Whole Strawberry Inhibited Colonic Inflammation in Dextran-Sulfate-Sodium-Treated Mice via Restoring Immune Homeostasis and Alleviating Gut Microbiota Dysbiosis. J Agric Food Chem 2019; 67:9168-9177. [PMID: 30810035 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b05581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Strawberry (Fragaria chiloensis) is a major edible berry with various potential health benefits. This study determined the protective effects of whole strawberry (WS) against dextran-sulfate-sodium-induced colitis in mice. In colitic mice, dietary WS reduced the disease activity index, prevented the colon shortening and spleen enlargement, and alleviated the colonic tissue damages. The abundance of proinflammatory immune cells was reduced by dietary WS in the colonic mucosa, which was accompanied by the suppression of overproduction of proinflammatory cytokines. Western blotting and immunohistochemical analysis revealed that dietary WS decreased the expression of proinflammatory proteins in the colonic mucosa. Moreover, dietary WS partially reversed the alteration of gut microbiota in the colitic mice by increasing the abundance of potential beneficial bacteria, e.g., Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus, and decreasing the abundance of potential harmful bacteria, e.g., Dorea and Bilophila. Dietary WS also restored the decreased production of short-chain fatty acids in the cecum of the colitic mice. The results revealed the anti-inflammatory effects and mechanisms of dietary WS in the colon, which is critical for the rational utilization of strawberry for the prevention of inflammation-driven diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhui Han
- Department of Food Science , University of Massachusetts , Amherst , Massachusetts 01003 , United States
| | - Mingyue Song
- Department of Food Science , University of Massachusetts , Amherst , Massachusetts 01003 , United States
- College of Food Science , South China Agricultural University , Guangzhou , Guangdong 510642 , People's Republic of China
| | - Min Gu
- Department of Food Science , University of Massachusetts , Amherst , Massachusetts 01003 , United States
| | - Daoyuan Ren
- Department of Food Science , University of Massachusetts , Amherst , Massachusetts 01003 , United States
- College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science , Shaanxi Normal University , Xi'an Shaanxi 710062 , People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoai Zhu
- Department of Food Science , University of Massachusetts , Amherst , Massachusetts 01003 , United States
- College of Food Science , South China Agricultural University , Guangzhou , Guangdong 510642 , People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoqiong Cao
- Department of Food Science , University of Massachusetts , Amherst , Massachusetts 01003 , United States
| | - Fang Li
- Department of Food Science , University of Massachusetts , Amherst , Massachusetts 01003 , United States
| | - Weicang Wang
- Department of Food Science , University of Massachusetts , Amherst , Massachusetts 01003 , United States
| | - Xiaokun Cai
- Department of Food Science , University of Massachusetts , Amherst , Massachusetts 01003 , United States
| | - Biao Yuan
- Department of Food Science , University of Massachusetts , Amherst , Massachusetts 01003 , United States
| | - Timothy Goulette
- Department of Food Science , University of Massachusetts , Amherst , Massachusetts 01003 , United States
| | - Guodong Zhang
- Department of Food Science , University of Massachusetts , Amherst , Massachusetts 01003 , United States
| | - Hang Xiao
- Department of Food Science , University of Massachusetts , Amherst , Massachusetts 01003 , United States
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Kang Y, Li Y, Du Y, Guo L, Chen M, Huang X, Yang F, Hong J, Kong X. Konjaku flour reduces obesity in mice by modulating the composition of the gut microbiota. Int J Obes (Lond) 2019; 43:1631-1643. [PMID: 30242233 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-018-0187-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Revised: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Changes in the intestinal flora composition is referred to as dysbiosis, which is related to obesity development, thus supporting the potential roles of nutrients acting on intestinal flora to exert salutary effects on energetic metabolism of host. Dietary fiber has been known to affect the composition of intestinal flora. The aim of the present study was to investigate the functional effects of konjac flour (KF) on obesity control in respect to improving inflammation, metabolism, and intestinal barrier function, and the possible association of the effects with intestinal flora composition changes. METHODS Mice (n = 30) were randomly divided into control group (n = 10), high-fat-diet (HFD) group (n = 10), and KF intervention group (n = 10), followed by feeding for 12 weeks and with adding a KF daily supplementation for the treatment group. Body weight, fat accumulation, inflammation, and energetic metabolism markers in multiple tissues and the gut microbiota of the mice were examined at the end of the experiment. RESULTS The KF supplementation significantly reduced the gains in weight, fat mass, as well as adipocyte size of HFD mice and lowered the serum TC, leptin (LEP), thiobarbituric acid-reacting substance (TBARS), IL-6, and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) levels in HFD mice. KF also upregulated the expression of intestinal mucosa protein gene Intection and tight junction ZO-1 in HFD mice, as well as upregulate the expression of energy metabolism genes PPARα and CPT-1 as well as the fat metabolism gene HLS in livers and fat tissues, and downregulate that of fat synthesis gene PPARγ (p < 0.05). The KF treatment increases the α-diversity and change the β-diversity of the intestinal microflora in HFD mice and boosted the abundances of some obesity-related beneficial microorganisms (such as Megasphaera elsdenii) in the intestinal microflora of HFD mice, while reduced those of harmful microorganisms (such as Alistipes, Alloprevotella, Bacteroides acidifaciens, and Parabacteroides goldsteinii). The abundance of Alistipes was positively correlated with weight, fat mass, serum TC, TG, LEP, IL-6, and LPS contents as well as PPARγ gene expression; while notably and negatively related to the expression of CPT-1 and HLS genes (p < 0.01). KF remarkably increased the abundance of Aerococcaceae, while reduced that of Alistipes finegoldii (p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Supplementation with KF achieves favorable effects on treating obesity, improving inflammatory response, metabolism, and intestinal barrier function, by regulating intestinal microfloral structure in HFD-fed mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongbo Kang
- Medical Faculty, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- Genetics and Pharmacogenomics Laboratory, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Yu Li
- Medical Faculty, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- Genetics and Pharmacogenomics Laboratory, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Yuhui Du
- Medical Faculty, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- Genetics and Pharmacogenomics Laboratory, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Liqiong Guo
- Medical Faculty, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- Genetics and Pharmacogenomics Laboratory, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Minghui Chen
- Medical Faculty, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- Genetics and Pharmacogenomics Laboratory, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Xinwei Huang
- Medical Faculty, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- Genetics and Pharmacogenomics Laboratory, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Fang Yang
- Nutrition Department, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Jingan Hong
- Nutrition Department, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Xiangyang Kong
- Medical Faculty, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China.
- Genetics and Pharmacogenomics Laboratory, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China.
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22
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Saffouri GB, Shields-Cutler RR, Chen J, Yang Y, Lekatz HR, Hale VL, Cho JM, Battaglioli EJ, Bhattarai Y, Thompson KJ, Kalari KK, Behera G, Berry JC, Peters SA, Patel R, Schuetz AN, Faith JJ, Camilleri M, Sonnenburg JL, Farrugia G, Swann JR, Grover M, Knights D, Kashyap PC. Small intestinal microbial dysbiosis underlies symptoms associated with functional gastrointestinal disorders. Nat Commun 2019; 10:2012. [PMID: 31043597 PMCID: PMC6494866 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-09964-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) has been implicated in symptoms associated with functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs), though mechanisms remain poorly defined and treatment involves non-specific antibiotics. Here we show that SIBO based on duodenal aspirate culture reflects an overgrowth of anaerobes, does not correspond with patient symptoms, and may be a result of dietary preferences. Small intestinal microbial composition, on the other hand, is significantly altered in symptomatic patients and does not correspond with aspirate culture results. In a pilot interventional study we found that switching from a high fiber diet to a low fiber, high simple sugar diet triggered FGID-related symptoms and decreased small intestinal microbial diversity while increasing small intestinal permeability. Our findings demonstrate that characterizing small intestinal microbiomes in patients with gastrointestinal symptoms may allow a more targeted antibacterial or a diet-based approach to treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- George B Saffouri
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55902, USA
| | - Robin R Shields-Cutler
- BioTechnology Institute, College of Biological Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
- Department of Biology, Macalester College, Saint Paul, MN, 55105, USA
| | - Jun Chen
- Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55902, USA
| | - Yi Yang
- Computational and Systems Medicine Section of the Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College, (London), UK
| | - Heather R Lekatz
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55902, USA
| | - Vanessa L Hale
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Janice M Cho
- Division of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55902, USA
| | - Eric J Battaglioli
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55902, USA
| | - Yogesh Bhattarai
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55902, USA
| | - Kevin J Thompson
- Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55902, USA
| | - Krishna K Kalari
- Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55902, USA
| | - Gaurav Behera
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55902, USA
| | - Jonathan C Berry
- Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55902, USA
| | - Stephanie A Peters
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55902, USA
| | - Robin Patel
- Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55902, USA
| | - Audrey N Schuetz
- Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55902, USA
| | - Jeremiah J Faith
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Medicine, and Clinical Immunology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Michael Camilleri
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55902, USA
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55902, USA
| | - Justin L Sonnenburg
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Gianrico Farrugia
- Division of Gastroenterology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Jonathan R Swann
- Computational and Systems Medicine Section of the Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College, (London), UK
| | - Madhusudan Grover
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55902, USA
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55902, USA
| | - Dan Knights
- BioTechnology Institute, College of Biological Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Purna C Kashyap
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55902, USA.
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55902, USA.
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Dey P, Sasaki GY, Wei P, Li J, Wang L, Zhu J, McTigue D, Yu Z, Bruno RS. Green tea extract prevents obesity in male mice by alleviating gut dysbiosis in association with improved intestinal barrier function that limits endotoxin translocation and adipose inflammation. J Nutr Biochem 2019; 67:78-89. [PMID: 30856467 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2019.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Revised: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Gut-derived endotoxin translocation provokes obesity by inducing TLR4/NFκB inflammation. We hypothesized that catechin-rich green tea extract (GTE) would protect against obesity-associated TLR4/NFκB inflammation by alleviating gut dysbiosis and limiting endotoxin translocation. Male C57BL/6J mice were fed a low-fat (LF) or high-fat (HF) diet containing 0% or 2% GTE for 8 weeks. At Week 7, fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-dextran was administered by oral gavage before assessing its serum concentrations as a gut permeability marker. HF-feeding increased (P<.05) adipose mass and adipose expression of genes involved in TLR4/NFκB-dependent inflammation and macrophage activation. GTE attenuated HF-induced obesity and pro-inflammatory gene expression. GTE in HF mice decreased serum FITC-dextran, and attenuated portal vein and circulating endotoxin concentrations. GTE in HF mice also prevented HF-induced decreases in the expression of intestinal tight junction proteins (TJPs) and hypoxia inducible factor-1α while preventing increases in TLR4/NFκB-dependent inflammatory genes. Gut microbial diversity was increased, and the Firmicutes:Bacteroidetes ratio was decreased, in HF mice fed GTE compared with HF controls. GTE in LF mice did not attenuate adiposity but decreased endotoxin and favorably altered several gut bacterial populations. Serum FITC-dextran was correlated with portal vein endotoxin (P<.001; rP=0.66) and inversely correlated with colonic mRNA levels of TJPs (P<.05; rP=-0.38 to -0.48). Colonic TJPs mRNA were inversely correlated with portal endotoxin (P<.05; rP=-0.33 to -0.39). These data suggest that GTE protects against diet-induced obesity consistent with a mechanism involving the gut-adipose axis that limits endotoxin translocation and consequent adipose TLR4/NFκB inflammation by improving gut barrier function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyankar Dey
- Human Nutrition Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Geoffrey Y Sasaki
- Human Nutrition Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Ping Wei
- Department of Neuroscience and Center for Brain and Spinal Cord Repair, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Jinhui Li
- Human Nutrition Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Lingling Wang
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Jiangjiang Zhu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami University, Oxford, OH, USA
| | - Dana McTigue
- Department of Neuroscience and Center for Brain and Spinal Cord Repair, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Zhongtang Yu
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Richard S Bruno
- Human Nutrition Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
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Wang F, Zhu H, Hu M, Wang J, Xia H, Yang X, Yang L, Sun G. Perilla Oil Supplementation Improves Hypertriglyceridemia and Gut Dysbiosis in Diabetic KKAy Mice. Mol Nutr Food Res 2018; 62:e1800299. [PMID: 30358922 PMCID: PMC6646911 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201800299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Revised: 10/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE The aim of this study is to examine whether perilla oil supplementation improves glucolipid metabolism and modulates gut microbiota in diabetic KKAy mice. METHODS AND RESULTS The successfully established diabetic KKAy mice are randomized into four groups: diabetic model (DM), low-dose perilla oil (LPO), middle-dose perilla oil (MPO), and high-dose perilla oil (HPO). C57BL/6J mice are fed a chow diet as normal control (NC). At the end of 12 weeks, mice are euthanized and glucolipid indications are analyzed. Gut microbiota analysis is carried out based on the sequencing results on V4 region of 16S rRNA. Although serum glucose, insulin, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, abundance-based coverage estimator, and shannon are unchanged, serum triglyceride significantly decreases in LPO compared with DM. The histopathological changes of hepatocellular macrovesicular steatosis and adipocyte hypertrophy are ameliorated by perilla oil supplementation. Blautia is significantly decreased in LPO, MPO, and HPO, compared with DM. Nonmetric multidimensional scaling analysis shows NC and LPO are relatively coherent. CONCLUSION These findings indicate that dietary supplementation with perilla oil can improve hypertriglyceridemia and gut dysbiosis in diabetic KKAy mice, which can be associated with potential benefits to human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering of Ministry of Education, and Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public HealthSoutheast UniversityNanjingChina
- Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational MedicineTianjinChina
| | - Hangju Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering of Ministry of Education, and Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public HealthSoutheast UniversityNanjingChina
- Jiangsu Cancer HospitalNanjingChina
| | - Mingyuan Hu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering of Ministry of Education, and Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public HealthSoutheast UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Jing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering of Ministry of Education, and Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public HealthSoutheast UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Hui Xia
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering of Ministry of Education, and Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public HealthSoutheast UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Xian Yang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering of Ministry of Education, and Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public HealthSoutheast UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Ligang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering of Ministry of Education, and Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public HealthSoutheast UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Guiju Sun
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering of Ministry of Education, and Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public HealthSoutheast UniversityNanjingChina
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25
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Abstract
Gut microbiota are involved in the development or prevention of various diseases such as type 2 diabetes, fatty liver, and malignancy such as colorectal cancer, breast cancer and hepatocellular carcinoma. Alzheimer’s disease, osteoporosis, sarcopenia, atherosclerotic stroke and cardiovascular disease are major diseases associated with decreased activities of daily living (ADL), especially in elderly people. Recent analyses have revealed the importance of gut microbiota in the control of these diseases. The composition or diversity of these microbiota is different between patients with these conditions and healthy controls, and administration of probiotics or prebiotics has been shown effective in the treatment of these diseases. Gut microbiota may affect distant organs through mechanisms that include regulating the absorption of nutrients and/or the production of microbial metabolites, regulating and interacting with the systemic immune system, and translocating bacteria/bacterial products through disrupted mucosal barriers. Thus, the gut microbiota may be important regulators in the development of diseases that affect ADL. Although adequate exercise and proper diet are important for preventing these diseases, their combination with interventions that manipulate the composition and/or diversity of gut microbiota could be a promising strategy for maintaining health condition and preserving ADL. This review thus summarizes current understanding of the role of gut microbiota in the development or prevention of diseases closely associated with the maintenance of ADL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukihiro Shimizu
- Gastroenterology center, Nanto Municipal Hospital, Toyama 932-0221, Japan
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Glueck B, Han Y, Cresci GAM. Tributyrin Supplementation Protects Immune Responses and Vasculature and Reduces Oxidative Stress in the Proximal Colon of Mice Exposed to Chronic-Binge Ethanol Feeding. J Immunol Res 2018; 2018:9671919. [PMID: 30211234 PMCID: PMC6120279 DOI: 10.1155/2018/9671919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Revised: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Excessive ethanol consumption causes adverse effects and contributes to organ dysfunction. Ethanol metabolism triggers oxidative stress, altered immune function, and gut dysbiosis. The gut microbiome is known to contribute to the maintenance of intestinal homeostasis, and disturbances are associated with pathology. A consequence of gut dysbiosis is also alterations in its metabolic and fermentation byproducts. The gut microbiota ferments undigested dietary polysaccharides to yield short-chain fatty acids, predominantly acetate, propionate, and butyrate. Butyrate has many biological mechanisms of action including anti-inflammatory and immunoprotective effects, and its depletion is associated with intestinal injury. We previously showed that butyrate protects gut-liver injury during ethanol exposure. While the intestine is the largest immune organ in the body, little is known regarding the effects of ethanol on intestinal immune function. This work is aimed at investigating the effects of butyrate supplementation, in the form of the structured triglyceride tributyrin, on intestinal innate immune responses and oxidative stress following chronic-binge ethanol exposure in mice. Our work suggests that tributyrin supplementation preserved immune responses and reduced oxidative stress in the proximal colon during chronic-binge ethanol exposure. Our results also indicate a possible involvement of tributyrin in maintaining the integrity of intestinal villi vasculature disrupted by chronic-binge ethanol exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- B. Glueck
- Lerner Research Institute, Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Y. Han
- Lerner Research Institute, Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - G. A. M. Cresci
- Lerner Research Institute, Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Pediatric Institute, Gastroenterology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Digestive Disease & Surgery Institute, Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
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Okubo R, Chen C, Sekiguchi M, Hamazaki K, Matsuoka YJ. Mechanisms underlying the effects of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on fear memory processing and their hypothetical effects on fear of cancer recurrence in cancer survivors. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2018; 131:14-23. [PMID: 29628046 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2018.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Revised: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The relationship of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and gut microbiota with brain function has been extensively reported. Here, we review how n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids affect fear memory processing. n-3 PUFAs may improve dysfunctional fear memory processing via immunomodulation/anti-inflammation, increased BDNF, upregulated adult neurogenesis, modulated signal transduction, and microbiota-gut-brain axis normalization. We emphasize how n-3 PUFAs affect this axis and also focus on the hypothetical effects of PUFAs in fear of cancer recurrence (FCR), the primary psychological unmet need of cancer survivors. Its pathophysiology may be similar to that of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), which involves dysfunctional fear memory processing. Due to fewer adverse effects than psychotropic drugs, nutritional interventions involving n-3 PUFAs should be acceptable for physically vulnerable cancer survivors. We are currently studying the relationship of FCR with n-3 PUFAs and gut microbiota in cancer survivors to provide them with a nutritional intervention that protects against FCR.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Okubo
- Division of Health Care Research, Center for Public Health Science, National Cancer Center Japan, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
| | - C Chen
- RIKEN Brain Science Institute, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - M Sekiguchi
- Department of Degenerative Neurological Diseases, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1 Ogawahigashi-cho, Kodaira City, Tokyo 187-8551, Japan
| | - K Hamazaki
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama City, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Y J Matsuoka
- Division of Health Care Research, Center for Public Health Science, National Cancer Center Japan, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan.
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Kanhere M, Chassaing B, Gewirtz AT, Tangpricha V. Role of vitamin D on gut microbiota in cystic fibrosis. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2018; 175:82-87. [PMID: 27818276 PMCID: PMC5415426 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2016.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2016] [Revised: 10/24/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
This review explores the potential for vitamin D to favorably alter the gut microbiota, given emerging evidence of the role of vitamin D in controlling mucosal inflammation in the gut. It will focus on cystic fibrosis (CF) patients, a population with both vitamin D deficiency due to gut malabsorption and an altered gut microbiota composition. Recent evidence shows that vitamin D acts to maintain the integrity of the gut mucosal barrier by enhancement of intercellular junctions that control mucosal permeability and reduction of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-8. In addition, vitamin D receptor-mediated signaling has been shown to inhibit inflammation-induced apoptosis of intestinal epithelial cells. As a result of these effects on the intestinal mucosa, maintenance of sufficient vitamin D status may be essential for the development of a healthy gut microbiota, particularly in conditions defined by chronic mucosal inflammation such as CF. We hypothesize here that high dose vitamin D may be used to favorably manipulate the aberrant mucosa seen in patients with CF. This may result in improved clinical outcomes in association with a low inflammatory environment that allows beneficial bacteria to outcompete opportunistic pathogens. Current evidence is sparse but encouraging, and additional evidence is needed to establish vitamin D as a therapeutic approach for gut microbiota modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mansi Kanhere
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Benoit Chassaing
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity, & Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, USA
| | - Andrew T Gewirtz
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity, & Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, USA
| | - Vin Tangpricha
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Lipids, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA; Atlanta VA Medical Center, Decatur, GA, USA.
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Abstract
The microbiota designates the various flora of commensal microbes of living species. Most research in human focusing mainly on the intestinal microbiota, we will limit ourselves to its description and role in physiology and pathology. The intestinal microbiota acts on digestion and the immune system. It seems responsible, at least in part, for obesity, digestive cancers, several autoimmune and allergic pathologies, and pathologies of the nervous system. The role of prebiotics, probiotics, xenobiotics and stool transplantations will be discussed.
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Yuan H, Wang W, Chen D, Zhu X, Meng L. Effects of a treatment with Se-rich rice flour high in resistant starch on enteric dysbiosis and chronic inflammation in diabetic ICR mice. J Sci Food Agric 2017; 97:2068-2074. [PMID: 27562375 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.8011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Revised: 08/22/2016] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Enteric dysbiosis is associated with chronic inflammation and interacts with obesity and insulin resistance. Obesity and diabetes are induced in ICR (Institute of Cancer Research) mice fed a high-fat diet and administered a streptozocin injection. These mice were treated with normal rice (NR), normal rice with a high resistant starch content (NRRS) or Se-rich rice (selenium-enriched rice) with a high resistant starch content (SRRS). RESULTS Faecal cell counts of Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus and Enterococcus were significantly higher in SRRS-treated mice than in diabetic controls, while Enterobacter cloacae were lower. Similar results were also found in NRRS-treated mice. In contrast, no significant difference was found between NR-treated and diabetic control groups. The treatments with SRRS and NRRS reduced the faecal pH values of the diabetic mice. Regarding the inflammatory factor levels, lower levels of serum C-reactive protein (CRP), tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), nuclear factor-k-gene binding (NF-κB) and leptin (LEP) and higher adiponutrin (ADPN) levels were found in the SRRS and NRRS-treated mice compared with the diabetic and NR-treated mice. In addition, the CRP, IL-6 and NF-κB levels in the SRRS-treated mice were significantly reduced compared with those observed in the NRRS-treated mice. The reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) results showed that the SRRS and NRRS-treated mice presented higher expression levels of orphan G protein-coupled receptor 41 (GPR41) and orphan G protein-coupled receptor 43 (GPR43) proteins compared with diabetic mice and NR-treated mice. CONCLUSION These results indicate that treatments with rice high in RS exert beneficial effects by improving enteric dysbiosis and chronic inflammation. In addition, selenium and RS may exert synergistic effects on chronic inflammation. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaibo Yuan
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, 193 Tunxi Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230009, P.R. China
| | - Wenjuan Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, 193 Tunxi Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230009, P.R. China
| | - Deyi Chen
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, 193 Tunxi Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230009, P.R. China
| | - Xiping Zhu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, 193 Tunxi Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230009, P.R. China
| | - Lina Meng
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, 193 Tunxi Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230009, P.R. China
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Bergeron N, Williams PT, Lamendella R, Faghihnia N, Grube A, Li X, Wang Z, Knight R, Jansson JK, Hazen SL, Krauss RM. Diets high in resistant starch increase plasma levels of trimethylamine-N-oxide, a gut microbiome metabolite associated with CVD risk. Br J Nutr 2016; 116:2020-2029. [PMID: 27993177 PMCID: PMC5885763 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114516004165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Production of trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO), a biomarker of CVD risk, is dependent on intestinal microbiota, but little is known of dietary conditions promoting changes in gut microbial communities. Resistant starches (RS) alter the human microbiota. We sought to determine whether diets varying in RS and carbohydrate (CHO) content affect plasma TMAO levels. We also assessed postprandial glucose and insulin responses and plasma lipid changes to diets high and low in RS. In a cross-over trial, fifty-two men and women consumed a 2-week baseline diet (41 percentage of energy (%E) CHO, 40 % fat, 19 % protein), followed by 2-week high- and low-RS diets separated by 2-week washouts. RS diets were assigned at random within the context of higher (51-53 %E) v. lower CHO (39-40 %E) intake. Measurements were obtained in the fasting state and, for glucose and insulin, during a meal test matching the composition of the assigned diet. With lower CHO intake, plasma TMAO, carnitine, betaine and γ-butyrobetaine concentrations were higher after the high- v. low-RS diet (P<0·01 each). These metabolites were not differentially affected by high v. low RS when CHO intake was high. Although the high-RS meal reduced postprandial insulin and glucose responses when CHO intake was low (P<0·01 each), RS did not affect fasting lipids, lipoproteins, glucose or insulin irrespective of dietary CHO content. In conclusion, a lower-CHO diet high in RS was associated with higher plasma TMAO levels. These findings, together with the absence of change in fasting lipids, suggest that short-term high-RS diets do not improve markers of cardiometabolic health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Bergeron
- Children’s Hospital Oakland Research Institute, Oakland, CA 94609, USA
- College of Pharmacy, Touro University, Vallejo, CA 94592, USA
| | - Paul T. Williams
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Genome Sciences, Life Sciences Division, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | | | | | | | - Xinmin Li
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Zeneng Wang
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Rob Knight
- Departments of Pediatrics and Computer Science & Engineering, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry and Computer Science, and BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Janet K. Jansson
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Biological Sciences Division, Richland, WA 99352, USA
| | - Stanley L. Hazen
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Ronald M. Krauss
- Children’s Hospital Oakland Research Institute, Oakland, CA 94609, USA
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Mohammadi AA, Jazayeri S, Khosravi-Darani K, Solati Z, Mohammadpour N, Asemi Z, Adab Z, Djalali M, Tehrani-Doost M, Hosseini M, Eghtesadi S. The effects of probiotics on mental health and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial in petrochemical workers. Nutr Neurosci 2016; 19:387-395. [PMID: 25879690 DOI: 10.1179/1476830515y.0000000023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to determine effects of probiotic yogurt and multispecies probiotic capsule supplementation on mental health and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis in petrochemical workers. METHODS The present randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was conducted on 70 petrochemical workers. Subjects were randomly divided into three groups to receive 100 g/day probiotic yogurt + one placebo capsule (n = 25) or one probiotic capsule daily + 100 g/day conventional yogurt (n = 25) or 100 g/day conventional yogurt + one placebo capsule (n = 20) for 6 weeks. Mental health parameters including general health questionnaire (GHQ) and depression anxiety and stress scale (DASS) scores were measured. Fasting blood samples were obtained at the beginning and 6 weeks after the intervention to quantify hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. RESULTS After 6 weeks of intervention, a significant improvement of GHQ was observed in the probiotic yogurt (18.0 ± 1.5 vs. 13.5 ± 1.9, P = 0.007) and in the probiotic capsule group (16.9 ± 1.8 vs. 9.8 ± 1.9, P = 0.001), as well as a significant improvement in DASS scores in the probiotic yogurt (23.3 ± 3.7 vs. 13.0 ± 3.7, P = 0.02) and the probiotic capsule group (18.9 ± 3.2 vs. 9.4 ± 4.0, P = 0.006). However, there was no significant improvement in the conventional yogurt group (P = 0.05 for GHQ and P = 0.08 for DASS). DISCUSSION The consumption of probiotic yogurt or a multispecies probiotic capsule had beneficial effects on mental health parameters in petrochemical workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Akbar Mohammadi
- a Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health , Iran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Shima Jazayeri
- a Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health , Iran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Kianoush Khosravi-Darani
- b Research Department of Food Technology Research , National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences , Tehran
| | - Zahra Solati
- c School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics , Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Iran
| | - Nakisa Mohammadpour
- c School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics , Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Iran
| | - Zatollah Asemi
- d Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases , Kashan University of Medical Sciences , Iran
| | - Zohre Adab
- c School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics , Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Iran
| | - Mahmoud Djalali
- c School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics , Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Iran
| | - Mehdi Tehrani-Doost
- e Department of Psychiatry, Roozbeh Hospital , Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Iran
| | - Mostafa Hosseini
- f Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health , Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Iran
| | - Shahryar Eghtesadi
- a Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health , Iran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
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Huang R, Wang K, Hu J. Effect of Probiotics on Depression: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Nutrients 2016; 8:nu8080483. [PMID: 27509521 PMCID: PMC4997396 DOI: 10.3390/nu8080483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 267] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Revised: 07/12/2016] [Accepted: 08/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been reported that gut probiotics play a major role in the bidirectional communication between the gut and the brain. Probiotics may be essential to people with depression, which remains a global health challenge, as depression is a metabolic brain disorder. However, the efficacy of probiotics for depression is controversial. This study aimed to systematically review the existing evidence on the effect of probiotics-based interventions on depression. Randomized, controlled trials, identified through screening multiple databases and grey literature, were included in the meta-analysis. The meta-analysis was performed using Review Manager 5.3 software using a fixed-effects model. The meta-analysis showed that probiotics significantly decreased the depression scale score (MD (depressive disorder) = −0.30, 95% CI (−0.51–−0.09), p = 0.005) in the subjects. Probiotics had an effect on both the healthy population (MD = −0.25, 95% CI (−0.47–−0.03), p = 0.03) and patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) (MD = −0.73, 95% CI (−1.37–−0.09), p = 0.03). Probiotics had an effect on the population aged under 60 (MD = −0.43, 95% CI (−0.72–−0.13), p = 0.005), while it had no effect on people aged over 65 (MD = −0.18, 95% CI (−0.47–0.11), p = 0.22). This is the first systematic review and meta-analysis with the goal of determining the effect of probiotics on depression. We found that probiotics were associated with a significant reduction in depression, underscoring the need for additional research on this potential preventive strategy for depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruixue Huang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental health, Xiangya school of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha 410078, Hunan, China.
| | - Ke Wang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental health, Xiangya school of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha 410078, Hunan, China.
| | - Jianan Hu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental health, Xiangya school of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha 410078, Hunan, China.
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Anhê FF, Varin TV, Le Barz M, Desjardins Y, Levy E, Roy D, Marette A. Gut Microbiota Dysbiosis in Obesity-Linked Metabolic Diseases and Prebiotic Potential of Polyphenol-Rich Extracts. Curr Obes Rep 2015; 4:389-400. [PMID: 26343880 DOI: 10.1007/s13679-015-0172-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Trillions of microorganisms inhabit the human body, strongly colonizing the gastro-intestinal tract and outnumbering our own cells. High-throughput sequencing techniques and new bioinformatic tools have enabled scientists to extend our knowledge on the relationship between the gut microbiota and host's physiology. Disruption of the ecological equilibrium in the gut (i.e., dysbiosis) has been associated with several pathological processes, including obesity and its related comorbidities, with diet being a strong determinant of gut microbial balance. In this review, we discuss the potential prebiotic effect of polyphenol-rich foods and extracts and how they can reshape the gut microbiota, emphasizing the novel role of the mucin-degrading bacterium Akkermansia muciniphila in their metabolic benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando F Anhê
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Cardiology Axis of the Québec Heart and Lung Institute, Laval University, Quebec, Canada.
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Laval University, 2440 boulevard Hochelaga, Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada.
- Hôpital Laval, Pavillon Marguerite d'Youville, Quebec, QC, G1V 4G5, Canada.
| | - Thibault V Varin
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Laval University, 2440 boulevard Hochelaga, Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada.
| | - Mélanie Le Barz
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Cardiology Axis of the Québec Heart and Lung Institute, Laval University, Quebec, Canada.
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Laval University, 2440 boulevard Hochelaga, Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada.
- Hôpital Laval, Pavillon Marguerite d'Youville, Quebec, QC, G1V 4G5, Canada.
| | - Yves Desjardins
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Laval University, 2440 boulevard Hochelaga, Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada.
| | - Emile Levy
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Laval University, 2440 boulevard Hochelaga, Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada.
- Research Centre, CHU-Sainte-Justine and Department of Nutrition, Université de Montréal, 3175, Chemin de la Côte Ste Catherine, bureau 5731A, Montreal, QC, H3T 1C5, Canada.
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
| | - Denis Roy
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Laval University, 2440 boulevard Hochelaga, Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada.
| | - André Marette
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Cardiology Axis of the Québec Heart and Lung Institute, Laval University, Quebec, Canada.
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Laval University, 2440 boulevard Hochelaga, Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada.
- Hôpital Laval, Pavillon Marguerite d'Youville, Quebec, QC, G1V 4G5, Canada.
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35
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Kuchmak OB, Klymnyuk SI, Romanyuk LB, Pokryshko OV. [THE USE OF PROBIOTICS IN PATIENTS WITH RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS]. Lik Sprava 2014:63-65. [PMID: 26638469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The results of biological research of colon microbiota of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is in article presented. The signs of III degree dysbiosis, by reducing the concentration of Bacteroides spp., Bifidobacterium spp., Lactobacillus spp. populations, typical strain E. coli. But over growth of populations Klebsiella spp., Proteus spp., Staphylococcus spp., atypical forms of E. coli, Candida spp. The scheme for the correction of the colon microflora of patients with (RA) by was proposed bifiform. Increasing of populations concentration of Bifidobacterium spp., Bacteroides spp., Lactobacillus spp., typical E. coli, Enterococcus spp. and selective decontamination of Enterococcus (Hly+), Klebsiella spp., Proteus spp., Staphylococcus spp., lactosonegative and E.coli (Hly+) confirmed after using of this eubiotics.
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Fond G, Boukouaci W, Chevalier G, Regnault A, Eberl G, Hamdani N, Dickerson F, Macgregor A, Boyer L, Dargel A, Oliveira J, Tamouza R, Leboyer M. The "psychomicrobiotic": Targeting microbiota in major psychiatric disorders: A systematic review. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 63:35-42. [PMID: 25468489 DOI: 10.1016/j.patbio.2014.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2014] [Accepted: 10/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The gut microbiota is increasingly considered as a symbiotic partner in the maintenance of good health. Metagenomic approaches could help to discover how the complex gut microbial ecosystem participates in the control of the host's brain development and function, and could be relevant for future therapeutic developments, such as probiotics, prebiotics and nutritional approaches for psychiatric disorders. Previous reviews focused on the effects of microbiota on the central nervous system in in vitro and animal studies. The aim of the present review is to synthetize the current data on the association between microbiota dysbiosis and onset and/or maintenance of major psychiatric disorders, and to explore potential therapeutic opportunities targeting microbiota dysbiosis in psychiatric patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Fond
- Inserm U955, FondaMental Foundation, Paris-Est university, Chenevier Hospital, AP-HP, GHU Mondor, DHU Pe-Psy, Pavillon Hartmann, 40, rue Mesly, 94000 Créteil, France.
| | - W Boukouaci
- Jean-Dausset Laboratory & Inserm, UMRS 940, Saint-Louis hospital, 1, avenue Claude-Vellefaux, 75010 Paris, France
| | - G Chevalier
- Unité de développement du tissu lymphoïde, Institut Pasteur, 25, rue du Dr. Roux, 75724 Paris, France
| | - A Regnault
- Inserm, Institut Pasteur, aviesan/institut multi-organismes immunologie, hématologie et pneumologie (ITMO IHP), bâtiment Biopark, 8, rue de la Croix Jarry 1(er) étage, 75013 Paris, France
| | - G Eberl
- Unité de développement du tissu lymphoïde, Institut Pasteur, 25, rue du Dr. Roux, 75724 Paris, France
| | - N Hamdani
- Inserm U955, FondaMental Foundation, Paris-Est university, Chenevier Hospital, AP-HP, GHU Mondor, DHU Pe-Psy, Pavillon Hartmann, 40, rue Mesly, 94000 Créteil, France
| | - F Dickerson
- Stanley Research Program, Sheppard Pratt Health System, 6501N, Charles Street, MD 21204 Baltimore, United States
| | - A Macgregor
- Inserm U1061, academic adult psychiatry department, Montpellier 1 university, La Colombière hospital, Montpellier CHRU, 191, avenue du doyen Gaston-Giraud, 34295 Montpellier cedex, France
| | - L Boyer
- EA 3279-Self-perceived Health Assessment Research Unit, School of Medicine, La Timone University, 27, boulevard Jean-Moulin, 13385 Marseille cedex 05, France
| | - A Dargel
- Inserm U955, FondaMental Foundation, Paris-Est university, Chenevier Hospital, AP-HP, GHU Mondor, DHU Pe-Psy, Pavillon Hartmann, 40, rue Mesly, 94000 Créteil, France
| | - J Oliveira
- Jean-Dausset Laboratory & Inserm, UMRS 940, Saint-Louis hospital, 1, avenue Claude-Vellefaux, 75010 Paris, France
| | - R Tamouza
- Jean-Dausset Laboratory & Inserm, UMRS 940, Saint-Louis hospital, 1, avenue Claude-Vellefaux, 75010 Paris, France
| | - M Leboyer
- Inserm U955, FondaMental Foundation, Paris-Est university, Chenevier Hospital, AP-HP, GHU Mondor, DHU Pe-Psy, Pavillon Hartmann, 40, rue Mesly, 94000 Créteil, France
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