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Menon D, Nashi S, Mohanty M, Dubbal R, Mk F, Vengalil S, Thomas A, Kumar V, Baskar D, Arunachal G, Nalini A. A novel DHTKD1 gene mutation with ALS like presentation: a case report. Amyotroph Lateral Scler Frontotemporal Degener 2024; 25:413-415. [PMID: 37880984 DOI: 10.1080/21678421.2023.2273366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
DHTKD1 is a nuclear gene that encodes "dehydrogenase E1 and transketolase domain-containing 1", essential in mitochondrial metabolism. First identified in the patients of 2-amino-apidic and 2 oxoapidic aciduria, mutation in this gene has recently been implicated in CMT2Q and ALS. Here we report the case of a septuagenarian who presented with a 2 years progressive history of respiratory and neck muscle weakness without significant bulbar and limb involvement. Clinical and electrophysiological examination revealed lower motor neuron involvement with widespread chronic denervation and reinnervation. Clinical exome sequencing revealed a heterozygous nonsense variant in exon 8 of the DHTKD1 gene, which was previously described in CMT2Q. This report highlights the pleotropic phenotypic presentation of DHTKD1 mutation and the need for genetic testing even in sporadic cases of ALS presenting at a later age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepak Menon
- Department of Neurology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro-Sciences, Bangalore, India and
| | - Saraswati Nashi
- Department of Neurology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro-Sciences, Bangalore, India and
| | - Manisha Mohanty
- Department of Neurology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro-Sciences, Bangalore, India and
| | - Rohin Dubbal
- Department of Neurology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro-Sciences, Bangalore, India and
| | - Farsana Mk
- Department of Neurology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro-Sciences, Bangalore, India and
| | - Seena Vengalil
- Department of Neurology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro-Sciences, Bangalore, India and
| | - Aneesha Thomas
- Department of Neurology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro-Sciences, Bangalore, India and
| | - Vijay Kumar
- Department of Neurology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro-Sciences, Bangalore, India and
| | - Dipti Baskar
- Department of Neurology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro-Sciences, Bangalore, India and
| | - Gautham Arunachal
- Department of Human Genetics, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro-Sciences, Bangalore, India
| | - Atchayaram Nalini
- Department of Neurology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro-Sciences, Bangalore, India and
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2
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Grayson C, Faerman B, Koufos O, Mailloux RJ. Fatty acid oxidation drives mitochondrial hydrogen peroxide production by α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase. J Biol Chem 2024; 300:107159. [PMID: 38479602 PMCID: PMC10997840 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2024.107159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024] Open
Abstract
In the present study, we examined the mitochondrial hydrogen peroxide (mH2O2) generating capacity of α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase (KGDH) and compared it to components of the electron transport chain using liver mitochondria isolated from male and female C57BL6N mice. We show for the first time there are some sex dimorphisms in the production of mH2O2 by electron transport chain complexes I and III when mitochondria are fueled with different substrates. However, in our investigations into these sex effects, we made the unexpected and compelling discovery that 1) KGDH serves as a major mH2O2 supplier in male and female liver mitochondria and 2) KGDH can form mH2O2 when liver mitochondria are energized with fatty acids but only when malate is used to prime the Krebs cycle. Surprisingly, 2-keto-3-methylvaleric acid (KMV), a site-specific inhibitor for KGDH, nearly abolished mH2O2 generation in both male and female liver mitochondria oxidizing palmitoyl-carnitine. KMV inhibited mH2O2 production in liver mitochondria from male and female mice oxidizing myristoyl-, octanoyl-, or butyryl-carnitine as well. S1QEL 1.1 (S1) and S3QEL 2 (S3), compounds that inhibit reactive oxygen species generation by complexes I and III, respectively, without interfering with OxPhos and respiration, had a negligible effect on the rate of mH2O2 production when pyruvate or acyl-carnitines were used as fuels. However, inclusion of KMV in reaction mixtures containing S1 and/or S3 almost abolished mH2O2 generation. Together, our findings suggest KGDH is the main mH2O2 generator in liver mitochondria, even when fatty acids are used as fuel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cathryn Grayson
- The School of Human Nutrition, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, McGill University, Quebec, Canada
| | - Ben Faerman
- The School of Human Nutrition, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, McGill University, Quebec, Canada
| | - Olivia Koufos
- The School of Human Nutrition, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, McGill University, Quebec, Canada
| | - Ryan J Mailloux
- The School of Human Nutrition, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, McGill University, Quebec, Canada.
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3
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Nguyen TT, Torrini C, Shang E, Shu C, Mun JY, Gao Q, Humala N, Akman HO, Zhang G, Westhoff MA, Karpel-Massler G, Bruce JN, Canoll P, Siegelin MD. OGDH and Bcl-xL loss causes synthetic lethality in glioblastoma. JCI Insight 2024; 9:e172565. [PMID: 38483541 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.172565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) remains an incurable disease, requiring more effective therapies. Through interrogation of publicly available CRISPR and RNAi library screens, we identified the α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase (OGDH) gene, which encodes an enzyme that is part of the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, as essential for GBM growth. Moreover, by combining transcriptome and metabolite screening analyses, we discovered that loss of function of OGDH by the clinically validated drug compound CPI-613 was synthetically lethal with Bcl-xL inhibition (genetically and through the clinically validated BH3 mimetic, ABT263) in patient-derived xenografts as well neurosphere GBM cultures. CPI-613-mediated energy deprivation drove an integrated stress response with an upregulation of the BH3-only domain protein, Noxa, in an ATF4-dependent manner, as demonstrated by genetic loss-of-function experiments. Consistently, silencing of Noxa attenuated cell death induced by CPI-613 in model systems of GBM. In patient-derived xenograft models of GBM in mice, the combination treatment of ABT263 and CPI-613 suppressed tumor growth and extended animal survival more potently than each compound on its own. Therefore, combined inhibition of Bcl-xL along with disruption of the TCA cycle might be a treatment strategy for GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trang Tt Nguyen
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Consuelo Torrini
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Enyuan Shang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bronx Community College, City University of New York, New York, USA
| | - Chang Shu
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Jeong-Yeon Mun
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Qiuqiang Gao
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | | | - Hasan O Akman
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Guoan Zhang
- Proteomics and Metabolomics Core Facility, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | | | | | | | - Peter Canoll
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Markus D Siegelin
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
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4
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Plokhikh KS, Nesterov SV, Chesnokov YM, Rogov AG, Kamyshinsky RA, Vasiliev AL, Yaguzhinsky LS, Vasilov RG. Association of 2-oxoacid dehydrogenase complexes with respirasomes in mitochondria. FEBS J 2024; 291:132-141. [PMID: 37789611 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, cryo-electron tomography was used to investigate the localization of 2-oxoacid dehydrogenase complexes (OADCs) in cardiac mitochondria and mitochondrial inner membrane samples. Two classes of ordered OADC inner cores with different symmetries were distinguished and their quaternary structures modeled. One class corresponds to pyruvate dehydrogenase complexes and the other to dehydrogenase complexes of α-ketoglutarate and branched-chain α-ketoacids. OADCs were shown to be localized in close proximity to membrane-embedded respirasomes, as observed both in densely packed lamellar cristae of cardiac mitochondria and in ruptured mitochondrial samples where the dense packing is absent. This suggests the specificity of the OADC-respirasome interaction, which allows localized NADH/NAD+ exchange between OADCs and complex I of the respiratory chain. The importance of this local coupling is based on OADCs being the link between respiration, glycolysis and amino acid metabolism. The coupling of these basic metabolic processes can vary in different tissues and conditions and may be involved in the development of various pathologies. The present study shows that this important and previously missing parameter of mitochondrial complex coupling can be successfully assessed using cryo-electron tomography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantin S Plokhikh
- Kurchatov Complex of NBICS-Technologies, National Research Center Kurchatov Institute, Moscow, Russia
- Shubnikov Institute of Crystallography, Federal Scientific Research Centre "Crystallography and Photonics" of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Semen V Nesterov
- Kurchatov Complex of NBICS-Technologies, National Research Center Kurchatov Institute, Moscow, Russia
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia
| | - Yuriy M Chesnokov
- Kurchatov Complex of NBICS-Technologies, National Research Center Kurchatov Institute, Moscow, Russia
- Shubnikov Institute of Crystallography, Federal Scientific Research Centre "Crystallography and Photonics" of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anton G Rogov
- Kurchatov Complex of NBICS-Technologies, National Research Center Kurchatov Institute, Moscow, Russia
| | - Roman A Kamyshinsky
- Kurchatov Complex of NBICS-Technologies, National Research Center Kurchatov Institute, Moscow, Russia
- Shubnikov Institute of Crystallography, Federal Scientific Research Centre "Crystallography and Photonics" of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Aleksandr L Vasiliev
- Kurchatov Complex of NBICS-Technologies, National Research Center Kurchatov Institute, Moscow, Russia
- Shubnikov Institute of Crystallography, Federal Scientific Research Centre "Crystallography and Photonics" of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia
| | - Lev S Yaguzhinsky
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia
- Belozersky Research Institute for Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Russia
| | - Raif G Vasilov
- Kurchatov Complex of NBICS-Technologies, National Research Center Kurchatov Institute, Moscow, Russia
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5
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Chalifoux O, Faerman B, Mailloux RJ. Mitochondrial hydrogen peroxide production by pyruvate dehydrogenase and α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase in oxidative eustress and oxidative distress. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:105399. [PMID: 37898400 PMCID: PMC10692731 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.105399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) and α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase (KGDH) are vital entry points for monosaccharides and amino acids into the Krebs cycle and thus integral for mitochondrial bioenergetics. Both complexes produce mitochondrial hydrogen peroxide (mH2O2) and are deactivated by electrophiles. Here, we provide an update on the role of PDH and KGDH in mitochondrial redox balance and their function in facilitating metabolic reprogramming for the propagation of oxidative eustress signals in hepatocytes and how defects in these pathways can cause liver diseases. PDH and KGDH are known to account for ∼45% of the total mH2O2 formed by mitochondria and display rates of production several-fold higher than the canonical source complex I. This mH2O2 can also be formed by reverse electron transfer (RET) in vivo, which has been linked to metabolic dysfunctions that occur in pathogenesis. However, the controlled emission of mH2O2 from PDH and KGDH has been proposed to be fundamental for oxidative eustress signal propagation in several cellular contexts. Modification of PDH and KGDH with protein S-glutathionylation (PSSG) and S-nitrosylation (PSNO) adducts serves as a feedback inhibitor for mH2O2 production in response to glutathione (GSH) pool oxidation. PSSG and PSNO adduct formation also reprogram the Krebs cycle to generate metabolites vital for interorganelle and intercellular signaling. Defects in the redox modification of PDH and KGDH cause the over generation of mH2O2, resulting in oxidative distress and metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD). In aggregate, PDH and KGDH are essential platforms for emitting and receiving oxidative eustress signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia Chalifoux
- Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, The School of Human Nutrition, McGill University, Ste.-Anne-de-Bellevue, Quebec, Canada
| | - Ben Faerman
- Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, The School of Human Nutrition, McGill University, Ste.-Anne-de-Bellevue, Quebec, Canada
| | - Ryan J Mailloux
- Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, The School of Human Nutrition, McGill University, Ste.-Anne-de-Bellevue, Quebec, Canada.
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6
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Lin SJ, Vona B, Lau T, Huang K, Zaki MS, Aldeen HS, Karimiani EG, Rocca C, Noureldeen MM, Saad AK, Petree C, Bartolomaeus T, Abou Jamra R, Zifarelli G, Gotkhindikar A, Wentzensen IM, Liao M, Cork EE, Varshney P, Hashemi N, Mohammadi MH, Rad A, Neira J, Toosi MB, Knopp C, Kurth I, Challman TD, Smith R, Abdalla A, Haaf T, Suri M, Joshi M, Chung WK, Moreno-De-Luca A, Houlden H, Maroofian R, Varshney GK. Evaluating the association of biallelic OGDHL variants with significant phenotypic heterogeneity. Genome Med 2023; 15:102. [PMID: 38031187 PMCID: PMC10688095 DOI: 10.1186/s13073-023-01258-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Biallelic variants in OGDHL, encoding part of the α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex, have been associated with highly heterogeneous neurological and neurodevelopmental disorders. However, the validity of this association remains to be confirmed. A second OGDHL patient cohort was recruited to carefully assess the gene-disease relationship. METHODS Using an unbiased genotype-first approach, we screened large, multiethnic aggregated sequencing datasets worldwide for biallelic OGDHL variants. We used CRISPR/Cas9 to generate zebrafish knockouts of ogdhl, ogdh paralogs, and dhtkd1 to investigate functional relationships and impact during development. Functional complementation with patient variant transcripts was conducted to systematically assess protein functionality as a readout for pathogenicity. RESULTS A cohort of 14 individuals from 12 unrelated families exhibited highly variable clinical phenotypes, with the majority of them presenting at least one additional variant, potentially accounting for a blended phenotype and complicating phenotypic understanding. We also uncovered extreme clinical heterogeneity and high allele frequencies, occasionally incompatible with a fully penetrant recessive disorder. Human cDNA of previously described and new variants were tested in an ogdhl zebrafish knockout model, adding functional evidence for variant reclassification. We disclosed evidence of hypomorphic alleles as well as a loss-of-function variant without deleterious effects in zebrafish variant testing also showing discordant familial segregation, challenging the relationship of OGDHL as a conventional Mendelian gene. Going further, we uncovered evidence for a complex compensatory relationship among OGDH, OGDHL, and DHTKD1 isoenzymes that are associated with neurodevelopmental disorders and exhibit complex transcriptional compensation patterns with partial functional redundancy. CONCLUSIONS Based on the results of genetic, clinical, and functional studies, we formed three hypotheses in which to frame observations: biallelic OGDHL variants lead to a highly variable monogenic disorder, variants in OGDHL are following a complex pattern of inheritance, or they may not be causative at all. Our study further highlights the continuing challenges of assessing the validity of reported disease-gene associations and effects of variants identified in these genes. This is particularly more complicated in making genetic diagnoses based on identification of variants in genes presenting a highly heterogenous phenotype such as "OGDHL-related disorders".
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Jia Lin
- Genes & Human Disease Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Barbara Vona
- Institute of Human Genetics, Julius Maximilians University Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Institute for Auditory Neuroscience and InnerEarLab, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Tübingen Hearing Research Center, Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, 72076, Germany
| | - Tracy Lau
- Department of Neuromuscular Disorders, Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Kevin Huang
- Genes & Human Disease Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Maha S Zaki
- Clinical Genetics Department, Human Genetics and Genome Research Institute, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Huda Shujaa Aldeen
- Department of Neuromuscular Disorders, Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Ehsan Ghayoor Karimiani
- Molecular and Clinical Sciences Institute, St. George's, University of London, Cranmer Terrace London, London, UK
| | - Clarissa Rocca
- Department of Neuromuscular Disorders, Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Mahmoud M Noureldeen
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Ahmed K Saad
- Medical Molecular Genetics Department, Human Genetics and Genome Research Institute, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Cassidy Petree
- Genes & Human Disease Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Tobias Bartolomaeus
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Rami Abou Jamra
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | - Emalyn Elise Cork
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Pratishtha Varshney
- Genes & Human Disease Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Narges Hashemi
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - Aboulfazl Rad
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Tübingen Hearing Research Center, Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, 72076, Germany
| | - Juanita Neira
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Mehran Beiraghi Toosi
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Cordula Knopp
- Institute for Human Genetics and Genomic Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstr. 30, Aachen, 52074, Germany
| | - Ingo Kurth
- Institute for Human Genetics and Genomic Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstr. 30, Aachen, 52074, Germany
| | - Thomas D Challman
- Autism & Developmental Medicine Institute, Geisinger, Lewisburg, PA, USA
| | - Rebecca Smith
- Autism & Developmental Medicine Institute, Geisinger, Lewisburg, PA, USA
| | - Asmahan Abdalla
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Gaafar Ibn Auf Children's Tertiary Hospital, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Thomas Haaf
- Institute of Human Genetics, Julius Maximilians University Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Mohnish Suri
- Nottingham Clinical Genetics Service, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK
| | - Manali Joshi
- Bioinformatics Centre, S. P. Pune University, Pune, India
| | - Wendy K Chung
- Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospitaland, Harvard Medical School , Boston, MA, USA
| | - Andres Moreno-De-Luca
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Henry Houlden
- Department of Neuromuscular Disorders, Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Reza Maroofian
- Department of Neuromuscular Disorders, Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK.
| | - Gaurav K Varshney
- Genes & Human Disease Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA.
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7
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Piroli GG, Manuel AM, McCain RS, Smith HH, Ozohanics O, Mellid S, Cox JH, Cotham WE, Walla MD, Cascón A, Ambrus A, Frizzell N. Defective function of α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase exacerbates mitochondrial ATP deficits during complex I deficiency. Redox Biol 2023; 67:102932. [PMID: 37883842 PMCID: PMC10618796 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2023.102932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The NDUFS4 knockout (KO) mouse phenotype resembles the human Complex I deficiency Leigh Syndrome. The irreversible succination of protein thiols by fumarate is increased in select regions of the NDUFS4 KO brain affected by neurodegeneration. We report that dihydrolipoyllysine-residue succinyltransferase (DLST), a component of the α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex (KGDHC) of the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, is succinated in the affected regions of the NDUFS4 KO brain. Succination of DLST reduced KGDHC activity in the brainstem (BS) and olfactory bulb (OB) of KO mice. The defective production of KGDHC derived succinyl-CoA resulted in decreased mitochondrial substrate level phosphorylation (SLP), further aggravating the existing oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) ATP deficit. Protein succinylation, an acylation modification that requires succinyl-CoA, was reduced in the KO mice. Modeling succination of a cysteine in the spatial vicinity of the DLST active site or introduction of succinomimetic mutations recapitulates these metabolic deficits. Our data demonstrate that the biochemical deficit extends beyond impaired Complex I assembly and OXPHOS deficiency, functionally impairing select components of the TCA cycle to drive metabolic perturbations in affected neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerardo G Piroli
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology & Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29209, USA
| | - Allison M Manuel
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology & Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29209, USA
| | - Richard S McCain
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology & Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29209, USA
| | - Holland H Smith
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology & Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29209, USA
| | - Oliver Ozohanics
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Sara Mellid
- Hereditary Endocrine Cancer Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - J Hunter Cox
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology & Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29209, USA
| | - William E Cotham
- Mass Spectrometry Center, Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29205, USA
| | - Michael D Walla
- Mass Spectrometry Center, Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29205, USA
| | - Alberto Cascón
- Hereditary Endocrine Cancer Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), 28029, Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Attila Ambrus
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Norma Frizzell
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology & Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29209, USA.
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8
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Yang L, Wagner T, Mechaly A, Boyko A, Bruch EM, Megrian D, Gubellini F, Alzari PM, Bellinzoni M. High resolution cryo-EM and crystallographic snapshots of the actinobacterial two-in-one 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase. Nat Commun 2023; 14:4851. [PMID: 37563123 PMCID: PMC10415282 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40253-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Actinobacteria possess unique ways to regulate the oxoglutarate metabolic node. Contrary to most organisms in which three enzymes compose the 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase complex (ODH), actinobacteria rely on a two-in-one protein (OdhA) in which both the oxidative decarboxylation and succinyl transferase steps are carried out by the same polypeptide. Here we describe high-resolution cryo-EM and crystallographic snapshots of representative enzymes from Mycobacterium smegmatis and Corynebacterium glutamicum, showing that OdhA is an 800-kDa homohexamer that assembles into a three-blade propeller shape. The obligate trimeric and dimeric states of the acyltransferase and dehydrogenase domains, respectively, are critical for maintaining the overall assembly, where both domains interact via subtle readjustments of their interfaces. Complexes obtained with substrate analogues, reaction products and allosteric regulators illustrate how these domains operate. Furthermore, we provide additional insights into the phosphorylation-dependent regulation of this enzymatic machinery by the signalling protein OdhI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Yang
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR3528, Unité de Microbiologie Structurale, F-75015, Paris, France
- Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co. Ltd., Wuhan, 430207, PR China
| | - Tristan Wagner
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR3528, Unité de Microbiologie Structurale, F-75015, Paris, France
- Microbial Metabolism Group, Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, Celsiusstraße 1, D-28359, Bremen, Germany
| | - Ariel Mechaly
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Plateforme de Cristallographie, F-75015, Paris, France
| | - Alexandra Boyko
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR3528, Unité de Microbiologie Structurale, F-75015, Paris, France
- BostonGene, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Eduardo M Bruch
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR3528, Unité de Microbiologie Structurale, F-75015, Paris, France
- Sanofi, In vitro Biology, Integrated Drug Discovery, 350 Water St, Cambridge, MA, 02141, USA
| | - Daniela Megrian
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR3528, Unité de Microbiologie Structurale, F-75015, Paris, France
| | - Francesca Gubellini
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR3528, Unité de Microbiologie Structurale, F-75015, Paris, France
| | - Pedro M Alzari
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR3528, Unité de Microbiologie Structurale, F-75015, Paris, France
| | - Marco Bellinzoni
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR3528, Unité de Microbiologie Structurale, F-75015, Paris, France.
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9
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Zhu W, He Y. α-Ketoglutarate dehydrogenase (KGDH): A new balancer between energy metabolism and gene expression in plants. J Integr Plant Biol 2023; 65:1843-1845. [PMID: 37452566 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenwen Zhu
- College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Yikun He
- College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing, 100048, China
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10
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Jiang X, Peng J, Xie Y, Xu Y, Liu Q, Cheng C, Yan P, Xu S, Wang Y, Zhang L, Li H, Li Y, Li B, Han J, Yu D. Oxoglutarate dehydrogenase-like inhibits the progression of hepatocellular carcinoma by inducing DNA damage through non-canonical function. Cell Death Differ 2023; 30:1931-1942. [PMID: 37419985 PMCID: PMC10406884 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-023-01186-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxoglutarate dehydrogenase-like (OGDHL) is considered to be the isoenzyme of oxyglutarate dehydrogenase (OGDH) in the OGDH complex, which degrades glucose and glutamate. OGDHL was reported to reprogram glutamine metabolism to suppress HCC progression in an enzyme-activity-dependent manner. However, the potential subcellular localization and non-canonical function of OGDHL is poorly understood. We investigated the expression of OGDHL and its effect on HCC progression. By employing a variety of molecular biology techniques, we revealed the underlying mechanism of OGDHL-induced DNA damage in HCC cells in vitro and in vivo. AAV loaded with OGDHL exerts therapeutic effect on mouse HCC and prolongs survival time. OGDHL induces DNA damage in HCC cells in vitro and in vivo. We also observed that OGDHL possesses nuclear localization in HCC cells and OGDHL-induced DNA damage was independent of its enzymatic activity. Mechanistically, it was demonstrated that OGDHL binds to CDK4 in the nucleus to inhibit the phosphorylation of CDK4 by CAK, which in turn attenuates E2F1 signaling. Inhibition of E2F1 signaling downregulates pyrimidine and purine synthesis, thereby inducing DNA damage through dNTP depletion. We clarified the nuclear localization of OGDHL and its non-canonical function to induce DNA damage, which demonstrated that OGDHL may serve as a select potential therapeutic target for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Hepatobiliary and Transplantation Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Jin Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Hepatobiliary and Transplantation Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Yuanyuan Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Hepatobiliary and Transplantation Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Yanchao Xu
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Transplantation Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Jiangsu University, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Qi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Hepatobiliary and Transplantation Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Chunxiao Cheng
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Transplantation Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Peng Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Hepatobiliary and Transplantation Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Shoujing Xu
- School of Life Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Ye Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Hepatobiliary and Transplantation Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Laizhu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Hepatobiliary and Transplantation Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Huan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Hepatobiliary and Transplantation Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Yunzheng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Hepatobiliary and Transplantation Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Binghua Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Hepatobiliary and Transplantation Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Junhai Han
- School of Life Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Decai Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Hepatobiliary and Transplantation Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, China.
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Transplantation Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Jiangsu University, Nanjing, 210008, China.
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Transplantation Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210008, China.
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11
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Huang F, Luo X, Ou Y, Gao Z, Tang Q, Chu Z, Zhu X, He Y. Control of histone demethylation by nuclear-localized α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase. Science 2023; 381:eadf8822. [PMID: 37440635 DOI: 10.1126/science.adf8822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Methylations on nucleosomal histones play fundamental roles in regulating eukaryotic transcription. Jumonji C domain-containing histone demethylases (JMJs) dynamically control the level of histone methylations. However, how JMJ activity is generally regulated is unknown. We found that the tricarboxylic acid cycle-associated enzyme α-ketoglutarate (α-KG) dehydrogenase (KGDH) entered the nucleus, where it interacted with various JMJs to regulate α-KG-dependent histone demethylations by JMJs, and thus controlled genome-wide gene expression in plants. We show that nuclear targeting is regulated by environmental signals and that KGDH is enriched at thousands of loci in Arabidopsis thaliana. Chromatin-bound KGDH catalyzes α-KG decarboxylation and thus may limit its local availability to KGDH-coupled JMJs, inhibiting histone demethylation. Thus, our results uncover a regulatory mechanism for histone demethylations by JMJs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Huang
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat Improvement, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, School of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai 201602, China
| | - Xiao Luo
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai 201602, China
- Peking University Institute of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Laboratory of Advanced Agricultural Sciences in Weifang, Shandong 261325, China
| | - Yang Ou
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat Improvement, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, School of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai 201602, China
| | - Zhaoxu Gao
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat Improvement, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, School of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Qiming Tang
- National Key Laboratory for Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, CAS, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Zhenzhen Chu
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai 201602, China
| | - Xinguang Zhu
- National Key Laboratory for Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, CAS, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yuehui He
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat Improvement, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, School of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai 201602, China
- Peking University Institute of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Laboratory of Advanced Agricultural Sciences in Weifang, Shandong 261325, China
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12
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González Morales N, Marescal O, Szikora S, Katzemich A, Correia-Mesquita T, Bíró P, Erdelyi M, Mihály J, Schöck F. The oxoglutarate dehydrogenase complex is involved in myofibril growth and Z-disc assembly in Drosophila. J Cell Sci 2023; 136:jcs260717. [PMID: 37272588 PMCID: PMC10323237 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.260717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Myofibrils are long intracellular cables specific to muscles, composed mainly of actin and myosin filaments. The actin and myosin filaments are organized into repeated units called sarcomeres, which form the myofibrils. Muscle contraction is achieved by the simultaneous shortening of sarcomeres, which requires all sarcomeres to be the same size. Muscles have a variety of ways to ensure sarcomere homogeneity. We have previously shown that the controlled oligomerization of Zasp proteins sets the diameter of the myofibril. Here, we looked for Zasp-binding proteins at the Z-disc to identify additional proteins coordinating myofibril growth and assembly. We found that the E1 subunit of the oxoglutarate dehydrogenase complex localizes to both the Z-disc and the mitochondria, and is recruited to the Z-disc by Zasp52. The three subunits of the oxoglutarate dehydrogenase complex are required for myofibril formation. Using super-resolution microscopy, we revealed the overall organization of the complex at the Z-disc. Metabolomics identified an amino acid imbalance affecting protein synthesis as a possible cause of myofibril defects, which is supported by OGDH-dependent localization of ribosomes at the Z-disc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicanor González Morales
- Department of Biology, McGill University, Quebec H3A 1B1, Canada
- Department of Biology, Dalhousie University, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Océane Marescal
- Department of Biology, McGill University, Quebec H3A 1B1, Canada
| | - Szilárd Szikora
- Institute of Genetics, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged 6726, Hungary
| | - Anja Katzemich
- Department of Biology, McGill University, Quebec H3A 1B1, Canada
| | | | - Péter Bíró
- Department of Optics and Quantum Electronics, University of Szeged, Szeged 6720, Hungary
| | - Miklos Erdelyi
- Department of Optics and Quantum Electronics, University of Szeged, Szeged 6720, Hungary
| | - József Mihály
- Institute of Genetics, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged 6726, Hungary
- Department of Genetics, University of Szeged, Szeged 6726, Hungary
| | - Frieder Schöck
- Department of Biology, McGill University, Quebec H3A 1B1, Canada
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13
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Weidinger A, Milivojev N, Hosmann A, Duvigneau JC, Szabo C, Törö G, Rauter L, Vaglio-Garro A, Mkrtchyan GV, Trofimova L, Sharipov RR, Surin AM, Krasilnikova IA, Pinelis VG, Tretter L, Moldzio R, Bayır H, Kagan VE, Bunik VI, Kozlov AV. Oxoglutarate dehydrogenase complex controls glutamate-mediated neuronal death. Redox Biol 2023; 62:102669. [PMID: 36933393 PMCID: PMC10031542 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2023.102669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Brain injury is accompanied by neuroinflammation, accumulation of extracellular glutamate and mitochondrial dysfunction, all of which cause neuronal death. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of these mechanisms on neuronal death. Patients from the neurosurgical intensive care unit suffering aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) were recruited retrospectively from a respective database. In vitro experiments were performed in rat cortex homogenate, primary dissociated neuronal cultures, B35 and NG108-15 cell lines. We employed methods including high resolution respirometry, electron spin resonance, fluorescent microscopy, kinetic determination of enzymatic activities and immunocytochemistry. We found that elevated levels of extracellular glutamate and nitric oxide (NO) metabolites correlated with poor clinical outcome in patients with SAH. In experiments using neuronal cultures we showed that the 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase complex (OGDHC), a key enzyme of the glutamate-dependent segment of the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, is more susceptible to the inhibition by NO than mitochondrial respiration. Inhibition of OGDHC by NO or by succinyl phosphonate (SP), a highly specific OGDHC inhibitor, caused accumulation of extracellular glutamate and neuronal death. Extracellular nitrite did not substantially contribute to this NO action. Reactivation of OGDHC by its cofactor thiamine (TH) reduced extracellular glutamate levels, Ca2+ influx into neurons and cell death rate. Salutary effect of TH against glutamate toxicity was confirmed in three different cell lines. Our data suggest that the loss of control over extracellular glutamate, as described here, rather than commonly assumed impaired energy metabolism, is the critical pathological manifestation of insufficient OGDHC activity, leading to neuronal death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adelheid Weidinger
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Traumatology, The Research Center in Cooperation with AUVA, Vienna, Austria; Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
| | - Nadja Milivojev
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Traumatology, The Research Center in Cooperation with AUVA, Vienna, Austria
| | - Arthur Hosmann
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - J Catharina Duvigneau
- Institute for Medical Biochemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Csaba Szabo
- University of Fribourg, Section of Science and Medicine, Department of Oncology, Microbiology and Immunology, Section of Pharmacology, Fribourg, Switzerland; Department of Anesthesiology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Gabor Törö
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Laurin Rauter
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Traumatology, The Research Center in Cooperation with AUVA, Vienna, Austria
| | - Annette Vaglio-Garro
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Traumatology, The Research Center in Cooperation with AUVA, Vienna, Austria; Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
| | - Garik V Mkrtchyan
- A. N. Belozersky Institute of Physicochemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234, Moscow, Russia
| | - Lidia Trofimova
- Biological Faculty, Department of Biophysics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Rinat R Sharipov
- Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Laboratory of Fundamental and Applied Problems of Pain, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander M Surin
- Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Laboratory of Fundamental and Applied Problems of Pain, Moscow, Russia; National Medical Research Center of Children's Health, Russian Ministry of Health, Laboratory of Neurobiology and Brain Development, Moscow, Russia
| | - Irina A Krasilnikova
- National Medical Research Center of Children's Health, Russian Ministry of Health, Laboratory of Neurobiology and Brain Development, Moscow, Russia
| | - Vsevolod G Pinelis
- National Medical Research Center of Children's Health, Russian Ministry of Health, Laboratory of Neurobiology and Brain Development, Moscow, Russia
| | - Laszlo Tretter
- Department of Biochemistry, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Rudolf Moldzio
- Institute for Medical Biochemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Hülya Bayır
- Departments of Environmental and Occupational Health, Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Chemistry and Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Critical Care Medicine, Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, Children's Neuroscience Institute, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Valerian E Kagan
- Departments of Environmental and Occupational Health, Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Chemistry and Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Victoria I Bunik
- A. N. Belozersky Institute of Physicochemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234, Moscow, Russia; Faculty of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia; Department of Biochemistry, Sechenov University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Andrey V Kozlov
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Traumatology, The Research Center in Cooperation with AUVA, Vienna, Austria; Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria.
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14
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Sundermeyer L, Bosco G, Gujar S, Brocker M, Baumgart M, Willbold D, Weiergräber OH, Bellinzoni M, Bott M. Characteristics of the GlnH and GlnX Signal Transduction Proteins Controlling PknG-Mediated Phosphorylation of OdhI and 2-Oxoglutarate Dehydrogenase Activity in Corynebacterium glutamicum. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0267722. [PMID: 36445153 PMCID: PMC9769921 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02677-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
In Corynebacterium glutamicum the protein kinase PknG phosphorylates OdhI and thereby abolishes the inhibition of 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase activity by unphosphorylated OdhI. Our previous studies suggested that PknG activity is controlled by the periplasmic binding protein GlnH and the transmembrane protein GlnX, because ΔglnH and ΔglnX mutants showed a growth defect on glutamine similar to that of a ΔpknG mutant. We have now confirmed the involvement of GlnH and GlnX in the control of OdhI phosphorylation by analyzing the OdhI phosphorylation status and glutamate secretion in ΔglnH and ΔglnX mutants and by characterizing ΔglnX suppressor mutants. We provide evidence for GlnH being a lipoprotein and show by isothermal titration calorimetry that it binds l-aspartate and l-glutamate with moderate to low affinity, but not l-glutamine, l-asparagine, or 2-oxoglutarate. Based on a structural comparison with GlnH of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, two residues critical for the binding affinity were identified and verified. The predicted GlnX topology with four transmembrane segments and two periplasmic domains was confirmed by PhoA and LacZ fusions. A structural model of GlnX suggested that, with the exception of a poorly ordered N-terminal region, the entire protein is composed of α-helices and small loops or linkers, and it revealed similarities to other bacterial transmembrane receptors. Our results suggest that the GlnH-GlnX-PknG-OdhI-OdhA signal transduction cascade serves to adapt the flux of 2-oxoglutarate between ammonium assimilation via glutamate dehydrogenase and energy generation via the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle to the availability of the amino group donors l-glutamate and l-aspartate in the environment. IMPORTANCE Actinobacteria comprise a large number of species playing important roles in biotechnology and medicine, such as Corynebacterium glutamicum, the major industrial amino acid producer, and Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the pathogen causing tuberculosis. Many actinobacteria use a signal transduction process in which the phosphorylation status of OdhI (corynebacteria) or GarA (mycobacteria) regulates the carbon flux at the 2-oxoglutarate node. Inhibition of 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase by unphosphorylated OdhI shifts the flux of 2-oxoglutarate from the TCA cycle toward glutamate formation and, thus, ammonium assimilation. Phosphorylation of OdhI/GarA is catalyzed by the protein kinase PknG, whose activity was proposed to be controlled by the periplasmic binding protein GlnH and the transmembrane protein GlnX. In this study, we combined genetic, biochemical, and structural modeling approaches to characterize GlnH and GlnX of C. glutamicum and confirm their roles in the GlnH-GlnX-PknG-OdhI-OdhA signal transduction cascade. These findings are relevant also to other Actinobacteria employing a similar control process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lea Sundermeyer
- IBG-1: Biotechnology, Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Graziella Bosco
- IBG-1: Biotechnology, Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Srushti Gujar
- IBG-1: Biotechnology, Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
- IBI-7: Structural Biochemistry, Institute of Biological Information Processing, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
- Institut für Physikalische Biologie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Melanie Brocker
- IBG-1: Biotechnology, Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Meike Baumgart
- IBG-1: Biotechnology, Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Dieter Willbold
- IBI-7: Structural Biochemistry, Institute of Biological Information Processing, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
- Institut für Physikalische Biologie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Oliver H. Weiergräber
- IBI-7: Structural Biochemistry, Institute of Biological Information Processing, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Marco Bellinzoni
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris Cité, CNRS UMR3528, Unité de Microbiologie Structurale, Paris, France
| | - Michael Bott
- IBG-1: Biotechnology, Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
- Bioeconomy Science Center (BioSC), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
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15
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Artiukhov AV, Aleshin VA, Karlina IS, Kazantsev AV, Sibiryakina DA, Ksenofontov AL, Lukashev NV, Graf AV, Bunik VI. Phosphonate Inhibitors of Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Perturb Homeostasis of Amino Acids and Protein Succinylation in the Brain. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:13186. [PMID: 36361974 PMCID: PMC9655319 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232113186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDHC) is essential for brain glucose and neurotransmitter metabolism, which is dysregulated in many pathologies. Using specific inhibitors of PDHC in vivo, we determine biochemical and physiological responses to PDHC dysfunction. Dose dependence of the responses to membrane-permeable dimethyl acetylphosphonate (AcPMe2) is non-monotonous. Primary decreases in glutathione and its redox potential, methionine, and ethanolamine are alleviated with increasing PDHC inhibition, the alleviation accompanied by physiological changes. A comparison of 39 brain biochemical parameters after administration of four phosphinate and phosphonate analogs of pyruvate at a fixed dose of 0.1 mmol/kg reveals no primary, but secondary changes, such as activation of 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase complex (OGDHC) and decreased levels of glutamate, isoleucine and leucine. The accompanying decreases in freezing time are most pronounced after administration of methyl acetylphosphinate and dimethyl acetylphosphonate. The PDHC inhibitors do not significantly change the levels of PDHA1 expression and phosphorylation, sirtuin 3 and total protein acetylation, but increase total protein succinylation and glutarylation, affecting sirtuin 5 expression. Thus, decreased production of the tricarboxylic acid cycle substrate acetyl-CoA by inhibited PDHC is compensated by increased degradation of amino acids through the activated OGDHC, increasing total protein succinylation/glutarylation. Simultaneously, parasympathetic activity and anxiety indicators decrease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artem V. Artiukhov
- Department of Biokinetics, A. N. Belozersky Institute of Physicochemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia
- Department of Biochemistry, Sechenov University, 105043 Moscow, Russia
| | - Vasily A. Aleshin
- Department of Biokinetics, A. N. Belozersky Institute of Physicochemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia
- Department of Biochemistry, Sechenov University, 105043 Moscow, Russia
| | - Irina S. Karlina
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Sechenov University, 105043 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexey V. Kazantsev
- Department of Biokinetics, A. N. Belozersky Institute of Physicochemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia
- Faculty of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Alexander L. Ksenofontov
- Department of Biokinetics, A. N. Belozersky Institute of Physicochemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia
| | - Nikolay V. Lukashev
- Faculty of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia
| | - Anastasia V. Graf
- Department of Biokinetics, A. N. Belozersky Institute of Physicochemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia
| | - Victoria I. Bunik
- Department of Biokinetics, A. N. Belozersky Institute of Physicochemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia
- Department of Biochemistry, Sechenov University, 105043 Moscow, Russia
- Faculty of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia
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16
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Hansen GE, Gibson GE. The α-Ketoglutarate Dehydrogenase Complex as a Hub of Plasticity in Neurodegeneration and Regeneration. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:12403. [PMID: 36293260 PMCID: PMC9603878 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232012403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Abnormal glucose metabolism is central to neurodegeneration, and considerable evidence suggests that abnormalities in key enzymes of the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle underlie the metabolic deficits. Significant recent advances in the role of metabolism in cancer provide new insight that facilitates our understanding of the role of metabolism in neurodegeneration. Research indicates that the rate-limiting step of the TCA cycle, the α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex (KGDHC) and its substrate alpha ketoglutarate (KG), serve as a signaling hub that regulates multiple cellular processes: (1) is the rate-limiting step of the TCA cycle, (2) is sensitive to reactive oxygen species (ROS) and produces ROS, (3) determines whether KG is used for energy or synthesis of compounds to support growth, (4) regulates the cellular responses to hypoxia, (5) controls the post-translational modification of hundreds of cell proteins in the mitochondria, cytosol, and nucleus through succinylation, (6) controls critical aspects of transcription, (7) modulates protein signaling within cells, and (8) modulates cellular calcium. The primary focus of this review is to understand how reductions in KGDHC are translated to pathologically important changes that underlie both neurodegeneration and cancer. An understanding of each role is necessary to develop new therapeutic strategies to treat neurodegenerative disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace E. Hansen
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts, Lowell, MA 01852, USA
| | - Gary E. Gibson
- Weill Cornell Medicine, Brain and Mind Research Institute, Burke Neurological Institute, White Plains, NY 10605, USA
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Zavileyskiy LG, Aleshin VA, Kaehne T, Karlina IS, Artiukhov AV, Maslova MV, Graf AV, Bunik VI. The Brain Protein Acylation System Responds to Seizures in the Rat Model of PTZ-Induced Epilepsy. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232012302. [PMID: 36293175 PMCID: PMC9603846 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232012302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Abnormal energy expenditure during seizures and metabolic regulation through post-translational protein acylation suggest acylation as a therapeutic target in epilepsy. Our goal is to characterize an interplay between the brain acylation system components and their changes after seizures. In a rat model of pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)-induced epilepsy, we quantify 43 acylations in 29 cerebral cortex proteins; levels of NAD+; expression of NAD+-dependent deacylases (SIRT2, SIRT3, SIRT5); activities of the acyl-CoA-producing/NAD+-utilizing complexes of 2-oxoacid dehydrogenases. Compared to the control group, acylations of 14 sites in 11 proteins are found to differ significantly after seizures, with six of the proteins involved in glycolysis and energy metabolism. Comparing the single and chronic seizures does not reveal significant differences in the acylations, pyruvate dehydrogenase activity, SIRT2 expression or NAD+. On the contrary, expression of SIRT3, SIRT5 and activity of 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase (OGDH) decrease in chronic seizures vs. a single seizure. Negative correlations between the protein succinylation/glutarylation and SIRT5 expression, and positive correlations between the protein acetylation and SIRT2 expression are shown. Our findings unravel involvement of SIRT5 and OGDH in metabolic adaptation to seizures through protein acylation, consistent with the known neuroprotective role of SIRT5 and contribution of OGDH to the Glu/GABA balance perturbed in epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lev G. Zavileyskiy
- Faculty of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia
| | - Vasily A. Aleshin
- Department of Biokinetics, A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physicochemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia
- Department of Biochemistry, Sechenov University, 119048 Moscow, Russia
| | - Thilo Kaehne
- Institute of Experimental Internal Medicine, Otto von Guericke University, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Irina S. Karlina
- N.V. Sklifosovsky Institute of Clinical Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119435 Moscow, Russia
| | - Artem V. Artiukhov
- Department of Biokinetics, A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physicochemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia
- Department of Biochemistry, Sechenov University, 119048 Moscow, Russia
| | - Maria V. Maslova
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia
| | - Anastasia V. Graf
- Department of Biokinetics, A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physicochemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia
| | - Victoria I. Bunik
- Faculty of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia
- Department of Biokinetics, A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physicochemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia
- Department of Biochemistry, Sechenov University, 119048 Moscow, Russia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +7-(495)-939-4484
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Knapik-Czajka M, Gawędzka A, Jurczyk M, Drąg J, Belczyk M, Aleksanrovych V, Gil A, Gil K. The influence of 5-fluorouracil on the α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex in rat's cardiac muscle - a preliminary study. Folia Med Cracov 2022; 62:27-35. [PMID: 36256893 DOI: 10.24425/fmc.2022.141705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
5-fluorouracil (5-FU), which is a commonly used chemotherapy agent exerts undesired cardiac toxicity. Mitochondrial dysfunction is thought to be one of potentially important mechanisms of 5-FU- induced cardiotoxicity. α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase (α-KGDHC) is the key regulatory enzyme of TCA cycle. The complex consists of multiple copies of three catalytic subunits: α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase (E1), dihydrolipoamide succinyltransferase (E2) and dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase (E3). α-KGDHC together with branched chain α-ketoacid dehydrogenase (BCKDH) and pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH), are the members of 2-oxoacid dehydrogenases family that share some structural and functional similarities. Recently, it has been found that 5-FU stimulates BCKDH in rat's cardiac muscle. Therefore, we hypothesize that 5-FU modifies α-KGDHC activity and affects cardiac muscle metabolism. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of 5-FU on α-KGDHC activity and protein levels of E1 and E2 subunits of the complex in rat's cardiac muscle. Wistar male rats were administered with 4 doses of 5-FU, 150 mg/ kg b.wt. each (study group) or 0.3% methylcellulose (control group). α-KGDHC activity was assayed spectrophotometrically. The E1 and E2 proteins levels were quantified by Western blot. 5-FU administration resulted in stimulation of myocardial α-KGDHC activity in rats. In addition, E2 protein level increased in response to 5-FU treatment, while the E1 protein level remained unchanged. Up-regulation of α-KGDHC appears to result from change in E2 subunit protein level. However, the effect of 5-FU on factors modifying α-KGDHC activity at post-translational level cannot be excluded.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anna Gawędzka
- Department of Biochemical Analytics, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Michał Jurczyk
- Department of Pathophysiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Jagoda Drąg
- Department of Biochemical Analytics, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Belczyk
- Department of Biochemical Analytics, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | | | - Anna Gil
- Department of Anatomy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Gil
- Department of Pathophysiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
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19
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Duarte IF, Caio J, Moedas MF, Rodrigues LA, Leandro AP, Rivera IA, Silva MFB. Dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase, pyruvate oxidation, and acetylation-dependent mechanisms intersecting drug iatrogenesis. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 78:7451-7468. [PMID: 34718827 PMCID: PMC11072406 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-021-03996-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2020] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
In human metabolism, pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDC) is one of the most intricate and large multimeric protein systems representing a central hub for cellular homeostasis. The worldwide used antiepileptic drug valproic acid (VPA) may potentially induce teratogenicity or a mild to severe hepatic toxicity, where the underlying mechanisms are not completely understood. This work aims to clarify the mechanisms that intersect VPA-related iatrogenic effects to PDC-associated dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase (DLD; E3) activity. DLD is also a key enzyme of α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase, branched-chain α-keto acid dehydrogenase, α-ketoadipate dehydrogenase, and the glycine decarboxylase complexes. The molecular effects of VPA will be reviewed underlining the data that sustain a potential interaction with DLD. The drug-associated effects on lipoic acid-related complexes activity may induce alterations on the flux of metabolites through tricarboxylic acid cycle, branched-chain amino acid oxidation, glycine metabolism and other cellular acetyl-CoA-connected reactions. The biotransformation of VPA involves its complete β-oxidation in mitochondria causing an imbalance on energy homeostasis. The drug consequences as histone deacetylase inhibitor and thus gene expression modulator have also been recognized. The mitochondrial localization of PDC is unequivocal, but its presence and function in the nucleus were also demonstrated, generating acetyl-CoA, crucial for histone acetylation. Bridging metabolism and epigenetics, this review gathers the evidence of VPA-induced interference with DLD or PDC functions, mainly in animal and cellular models, and highlights the uncharted in human. The consequences of this interaction may have significant impact either in mitochondrial or in nuclear acetyl-CoA-dependent processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- I F Duarte
- The Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Metabolism and Genetics Group, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - J Caio
- The Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Metabolism and Genetics Group, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - M F Moedas
- The Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Metabolism and Genetics Group, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003, Lisboa, Portugal
- Division of Molecular Metabolism, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - L A Rodrigues
- The Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Metabolism and Genetics Group, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - A P Leandro
- The Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Metabolism and Genetics Group, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003, Lisboa, Portugal
- Department of Biochemistry and Human Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - I A Rivera
- The Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Metabolism and Genetics Group, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003, Lisboa, Portugal
- Department of Biochemistry and Human Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - M F B Silva
- The Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Metabolism and Genetics Group, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003, Lisboa, Portugal.
- Department of Biochemistry and Human Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003, Lisboa, Portugal.
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20
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Condori-Apfata JA, Batista-Silva W, Medeiros DB, Vargas JR, Valente LML, Pérez-Díaz JL, Fernie AR, Araújo WL, Nunes-Nesi A. Downregulation of the E2 Subunit of 2-Oxoglutarate Dehydrogenase Modulates Plant Growth by Impacting Carbon-Nitrogen Metabolism in Arabidopsis thaliana. Plant Cell Physiol 2021; 62:798-814. [PMID: 33693904 PMCID: PMC8484937 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcab036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Revised: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
In Arabidopsis thaliana, two genes encode the E2 subunit of the 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase (2-OGDH), a multimeric complex composed of three subunits. To functionally characterize the isoforms of E2 subunit, we isolated Arabidopsis mutant lines for each gene encoding the E2 subunit and performed a detailed molecular and physiological characterization of the plants under controlled growth conditions. The functional lack of expression of E2 subunit isoforms of 2-OGDH increased plant growth, reduced dark respiration and altered carbohydrate metabolism without changes in the photosynthetic rate. Interestingly, plants from e2-ogdh lines also exhibited reduced seed weight without alterations in total seed number. We additionally observed that downregulation of 2-OGDH activity led to minor changes in the levels of tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates without clear correlation with the reduced expression of specific E2-OGDH isoforms. Furthermore, the e2-ogdh mutant lines exhibited a reduction by up to 25% in the leaf total amino acids without consistent changes in the amino acid profile. Taken together, our results indicate that the two isoforms of E2 subunit play a similar role in carbon-nitrogen metabolism, in plant growth and in seed weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge A Condori-Apfata
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Willian Batista-Silva
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais 36570-900, Brazil
| | - David Barbosa Medeiros
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais 36570-900, Brazil
- Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, Potsdam Golm 14476, Germany
| | - Jonas Rafael Vargas
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Luiz M Lopes Valente
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Jorge Luis Pérez-Díaz
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Alisdair R Fernie
- * Corresponding authors: Alisdair R. Fernie, E-mail, ; Adriano Nunes-Nesi, E-mail,
| | - Wagner L Araújo
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Adriano Nunes-Nesi
- * Corresponding authors: Alisdair R. Fernie, E-mail, ; Adriano Nunes-Nesi, E-mail,
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21
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Ansari F, Yoval-Sánchez B, Niatsetskaya Z, Sosunov S, Stepanova A, Garcia C, Owusu-Ansah E, Ten V, Wittig I, Galkin A. Quantification of NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase (complex I) content in biological samples. J Biol Chem 2021; 297:101204. [PMID: 34543622 PMCID: PMC8503622 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.101204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Impairments in mitochondrial energy metabolism have been implicated in human genetic diseases associated with mitochondrial and nuclear DNA mutations, neurodegenerative and cardiovascular disorders, diabetes, and aging. Alteration in mitochondrial complex I structure and activity has been shown to play a key role in Parkinson's disease and ischemia/reperfusion tissue injury, but significant difficulty remains in assessing the content of this enzyme complex in a given sample. The present study introduces a new method utilizing native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in combination with flavin fluorescence scanning to measure the absolute content of complex I, as well as α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex, in any preparation. We show that complex I content is 19 ± 1 pmol/mg of protein in the brain mitochondria, whereas varies up to 10-fold in different mouse tissues. Together with the measurements of NADH-dependent specific activity, our method also allows accurate determination of complex I catalytic turnover, which was calculated as 104 min-1 for NADH:ubiquinone reductase in mouse brain mitochondrial preparations. α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex content was determined to be 65 ± 5 and 123 ± 9 pmol/mg protein for mouse brain and bovine heart mitochondria, respectively. Our approach can also be extended to cultured cells, and we demonstrated that about 90 × 103 complex I molecules are present in a single human embryonic kidney 293 cell. The ability to determine complex I content should provide a valuable tool to investigate the enzyme status in samples after in vivo treatment in mutant organisms, cells in culture, or human biopsies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fariha Ansari
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Belem Yoval-Sánchez
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Zoya Niatsetskaya
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Sergey Sosunov
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Anna Stepanova
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Christian Garcia
- Department of Physiology & Cellular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Edward Owusu-Ansah
- Department of Physiology & Cellular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Vadim Ten
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Ilka Wittig
- Functional Proteomics, Institute of Cardiovascular Physiology, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany; German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner site RheinMain, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Alexander Galkin
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA; Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA.
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22
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Královičová J, Borovská I, Pengelly R, Lee E, Abaffy P, Šindelka R, Grutzner F, Vořechovský I. Restriction of an intron size en route to endothermy. Nucleic Acids Res 2021; 49:2460-2487. [PMID: 33550394 PMCID: PMC7969005 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkab046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Ca2+-insensitive and -sensitive E1 subunits of the 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase complex (OGDHC) regulate tissue-specific NADH and ATP supply by mutually exclusive OGDH exons 4a and 4b. Here we show that their splicing is enforced by distant lariat branch points (dBPs) located near the 5' splice site of the intervening intron. dBPs restrict the intron length and prevent transposon insertions, which can introduce or eliminate dBP competitors. The size restriction was imposed by a single dominant dBP in anamniotes that expanded into a conserved constellation of four dBP adenines in amniotes. The amniote clusters exhibit taxon-specific usage of individual dBPs, reflecting accessibility of their extended motifs within a stable RNA hairpin rather than U2 snRNA:dBP base-pairing. The dBP expansion took place in early terrestrial species and was followed by a uridine enrichment of large downstream polypyrimidine tracts in mammals. The dBP-protected megatracts permit reciprocal regulation of exon 4a and 4b by uridine-binding proteins, including TIA-1/TIAR and PUF60, which promote U1 and U2 snRNP recruitment to the 5' splice site and BP, respectively, but do not significantly alter the relative dBP usage. We further show that codons for residues critically contributing to protein binding sites for Ca2+ and other divalent metals confer the exon inclusion order that mirrors the Irving-Williams affinity series, linking the evolution of auxiliary splicing motifs in exons to metallome constraints. Finally, we hypothesize that the dBP-driven selection for Ca2+-dependent ATP provision by E1 facilitated evolution of endothermy by optimizing the aerobic scope in target tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Královičová
- University of Southampton, Faculty of Medicine, HDH, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
- Slovak Academy of Sciences, Centre for Biosciences, 840 05 Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Ivana Borovská
- Slovak Academy of Sciences, Centre for Biosciences, 840 05 Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Reuben Pengelly
- University of Southampton, Faculty of Medicine, HDH, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Eunice Lee
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5005, SA, Australia
| | - Pavel Abaffy
- Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Biotechnology, 25250 Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Radek Šindelka
- Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Biotechnology, 25250 Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Frank Grutzner
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5005, SA, Australia
| | - Igor Vořechovský
- University of Southampton, Faculty of Medicine, HDH, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
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23
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Nagy B, Polak M, Ozohanics O, Zambo Z, Szabo E, Hubert A, Jordan F, Novaček J, Adam-Vizi V, Ambrus A. Structure of the dihydrolipoamide succinyltransferase (E2) component of the human alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex (hKGDHc) revealed by cryo-EM and cross-linking mass spectrometry: Implications for the overall hKGDHc structure. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2021; 1865:129889. [PMID: 33684457 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2021.129889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The human mitochondrial alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex (hKGDHc) converts KG to succinyl-CoA and NADH. Malfunction of and reactive oxygen species generation by the hKGDHc as well as its E1-E2 subcomplex are implicated in neurodegenerative disorders, ischemia-reperfusion injury, E3-deficiency and cancers. METHODS We performed cryo-EM, cross-linking mass spectrometry (CL-MS) and molecular modeling analyses to determine the structure of the E2 component of the hKGDHc (hE2k); hE2k transfers a succinyl group to CoA and forms the structural core of hKGDHc. We also assessed the overall structure of the hKGDHc by negative-stain EM and modeling. RESULTS We report the 2.9 Å resolution cryo-EM structure of the hE2k component. The cryo-EM map comprises density for hE2k residues 151-386 - the entire (inner) core catalytic domain plus a few additional residues -, while residues 1-150 are not observed due to the inherent flexibility of the N-terminal region. The structure of the latter segment was also determined by CL-MS and homology modeling. Negative-stain EM on in vitro assembled hKGDHc and previous data were used to build a putative overall structural model of the hKGDHc. CONCLUSIONS The E2 core of the hKGDHc is composed of 24 hE2k chains organized in octahedral (8 × 3 type) assembly. Each lipoyl domain is oriented towards the core domain of an adjacent chain in the hE2k homotrimer. hE1k and hE3 are most likely tethered at the edges and faces, respectively, of the cubic hE2k assembly. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE The revealed structural information will support the future pharmacologically targeting of the hKGDHc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balint Nagy
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Martin Polak
- Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Oliver Ozohanics
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zsofia Zambo
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Eszter Szabo
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Agnes Hubert
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Frank Jordan
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Jiří Novaček
- Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Vera Adam-Vizi
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Attila Ambrus
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.
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Salimi M, Sadeghimahalli F, Shaerzadeh F, Khodagholi F, Zardooz H. Early-life stress altered pancreatic Krebs cycle-related enzyme activities in response to young adulthood physical and psychological stress in male rat offspring. Horm Mol Biol Clin Investig 2020; 42:19-27. [PMID: 33781007 DOI: 10.1515/hmbci-2020-0063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Early-life stress (ELS) increases the risk of metabolic disorders in later life. The present study investigated the ELS effect on pancreatic pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) protein level, α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase (α-KGDH), and aconitase activities as metabolic enzymes in response to young adulthood stress in male rat offspring. METHODS Male Wistar rats were divided into six groups: Control, early life stress (Early STR), young adult foot-shock stress (Y. adult F-SH STR), early + young adult foot-shock stress (Early + Y. adult F-SH STR), young adult psychological stress (Y. adult Psy STR) and early + young adult psychological stress (Early + Y. adult Psy STR). Stress was induced by a communication box at 2 weeks of age and young adulthood for five consecutive days. The blood samples were collected in young adult rats, then pancreases were removed to measure its PDH protein level and aconitase and α-KGDH activities. RESULTS In ELS animals, applying foot-shock stress in young adulthood increased PDH protein level, decreased α-KGDH and aconitase activities, and increased plasma glucose, insulin, and corticosterone concentrations. However, exposure to young adulthood psychological stress only decreased α-KGDH and aconitase activities. CONCLUSIONS It seems that ELS altered metabolic response to young adulthood stress through changes of Krebs cycle-related enzymes activities, though the type of adulthood stress was determinant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mina Salimi
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Forouzan Sadeghimahalli
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Shaerzadeh
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Fariba Khodagholi
- Neuroscience Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Homeira Zardooz
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Bailey PSJ, Ortmann BM, Martinelli AW, Houghton JW, Costa ASH, Burr SP, Antrobus R, Frezza C, Nathan JA. ABHD11 maintains 2-oxoglutarate metabolism by preserving functional lipoylation of the 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase complex. Nat Commun 2020; 11:4046. [PMID: 32792488 PMCID: PMC7426941 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-17862-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
2-oxoglutarate (2-OG or α-ketoglutarate) relates mitochondrial metabolism to cell function by modulating the activity of 2-OG dependent dioxygenases involved in the hypoxia response and DNA/histone modifications. However, metabolic pathways that regulate these oxygen and 2-OG sensitive enzymes remain poorly understood. Here, using CRISPR Cas9 genome-wide mutagenesis to screen for genetic determinants of 2-OG levels, we uncover a redox sensitive mitochondrial lipoylation pathway, dependent on the mitochondrial hydrolase ABHD11, that signals changes in mitochondrial 2-OG metabolism to 2-OG dependent dioxygenase function. ABHD11 loss or inhibition drives a rapid increase in 2-OG levels by impairing lipoylation of the 2-OG dehydrogenase complex (OGDHc)-the rate limiting step for mitochondrial 2-OG metabolism. Rather than facilitating lipoate conjugation, ABHD11 associates with the OGDHc and maintains catalytic activity of lipoyl domain by preventing the formation of lipoyl adducts, highlighting ABHD11 as a regulator of functional lipoylation and 2-OG metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter S J Bailey
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, UK
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology & Infectious Disease (CITIID), Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0AW, UK
| | - Brian M Ortmann
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, UK
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology & Infectious Disease (CITIID), Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0AW, UK
| | - Anthony W Martinelli
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology & Infectious Disease (CITIID), Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0AW, UK
| | - Jack W Houghton
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Ana S H Costa
- MRC Cancer Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0XZ, UK
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, 11724, USA
| | - Stephen P Burr
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, UK
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Robin Antrobus
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Christian Frezza
- MRC Cancer Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0XZ, UK
| | - James A Nathan
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, UK.
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology & Infectious Disease (CITIID), Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0AW, UK.
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Pendleton AL, Antolic AT, Kelly AC, Davis MA, Camacho LE, Doubleday K, Anderson MJ, Langlais PR, Lynch RM, Limesand SW. Lower oxygen consumption and Complex I activity in mitochondria isolated from skeletal muscle of fetal sheep with intrauterine growth restriction. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2020; 319:E67-E80. [PMID: 32396498 PMCID: PMC7468780 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00057.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Fetal sheep with placental insufficiency-induced intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) have lower hindlimb oxygen consumption rates (OCRs), indicating depressed mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation capacity in their skeletal muscle. We hypothesized that OCRs are lower in skeletal muscle mitochondria from IUGR fetuses, due to reduced electron transport chain (ETC) activity and lower abundances of tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle enzymes. IUGR sheep fetuses (n = 12) were created with mid-gestation maternal hyperthermia and compared with control fetuses (n = 12). At 132 ± 1 days of gestation, biceps femoris muscles were collected, and the mitochondria were isolated. Mitochondria from IUGR muscle have 47% lower State 3 (Complex I-dependent) OCRs than controls, whereas State 4 (proton leak) OCRs were not different between groups. Furthermore, Complex I, but not Complex II or IV, enzymatic activity was lower in IUGR fetuses compared with controls. Proteomic analysis (n = 6/group) identified 160 differentially expressed proteins between groups, with 107 upregulated and 53 downregulated mitochondria proteins in IUGR fetuses compared with controls. Although no differences were identified in ETC subunit protein abundances, abundances of key TCA cycle enzymes [isocitrate dehydrogenase (NAD+) 3 noncatalytic subunit β (IDH3B), succinate-CoA ligase ADP-forming subunit-β (SUCLA2), and oxoglutarate dehydrogenase (OGDH)] were lower in IUGR mitochondria. IUGR mitochondria had a greater abundance of a hypoxia-inducible protein, NADH dehydrogenase 1α subcomplex 4-like 2, which is known to incorporate into Complex I and lower Complex I-mediated NADH oxidation. Our findings show that mitochondria from IUGR skeletal muscle adapt to hypoxemia and hypoglycemia by lowering Complex I activity and TCA cycle enzyme concentrations, which together, act to lower OCR and NADH production/oxidation in IUGR skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander L Pendleton
- Physiological Sciences Graduate Interdisciplinary Program, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Andrew T Antolic
- School of Animal and Comparative Biomedical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Amy C Kelly
- School of Animal and Comparative Biomedical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Melissa A Davis
- School of Animal and Comparative Biomedical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Leticia E Camacho
- School of Animal and Comparative Biomedical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Kevin Doubleday
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Miranda J Anderson
- School of Animal and Comparative Biomedical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Paul R Langlais
- Physiological Sciences Graduate Interdisciplinary Program, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
- Department of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Ronald M Lynch
- Physiological Sciences Graduate Interdisciplinary Program, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
- Department of Physiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Sean W Limesand
- Physiological Sciences Graduate Interdisciplinary Program, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
- School of Animal and Comparative Biomedical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
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Artiukhov AV, Grabarska A, Gumbarewicz E, Aleshin VA, Kähne T, Obata T, Kazantsev AV, Lukashev NV, Stepulak A, Fernie AR, Bunik VI. Synthetic analogues of 2-oxo acids discriminate metabolic contribution of the 2-oxoglutarate and 2-oxoadipate dehydrogenases in mammalian cells and tissues. Sci Rep 2020; 10:1886. [PMID: 32024885 PMCID: PMC7002488 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-58701-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The biological significance of the DHTKD1-encoded 2-oxoadipate dehydrogenase (OADH) remains obscure due to its catalytic redundancy with the ubiquitous OGDH-encoded 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase (OGDH). In this work, metabolic contributions of OADH and OGDH are discriminated by exposure of cells/tissues with different DHTKD1 expression to the synthesized phosphonate analogues of homologous 2-oxodicarboxylates. The saccharopine pathway intermediates and phosphorylated sugars are abundant when cellular expressions of DHTKD1 and OGDH are comparable, while nicotinate and non-phosphorylated sugars are when DHTKD1 expression is order(s) of magnitude lower than that of OGDH. Using succinyl, glutaryl and adipoyl phosphonates on the enzyme preparations from tissues with varied DHTKD1 expression reveals the contributions of OADH and OGDH to oxidation of 2-oxoadipate and 2-oxoglutarate in vitro. In the phosphonates-treated cells with the high and low DHTKD1 expression, adipate or glutarate, correspondingly, are the most affected metabolites. The marker of fatty acid β-oxidation, adipate, is mostly decreased by the shorter, OGDH-preferring, phosphonate, in agreement with the known OGDH dependence of β-oxidation. The longest, OADH-preferring, phosphonate mostly affects the glutarate level. Coupled decreases in sugars and nicotinate upon the OADH inhibition link the perturbation in glucose homeostasis, known in OADH mutants, to the nicotinate-dependent NAD metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artem V Artiukhov
- Faculty of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
- A. N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Aneta Grabarska
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Ewelina Gumbarewicz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Vasily A Aleshin
- Faculty of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
- A. N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Thilo Kähne
- Institute of Experimental Internal Medicine, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Toshihiro Obata
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam, Germany
- Department of Biochemistry, George W. Beadle Center, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68588-0664, USA
| | | | | | - Andrzej Stepulak
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Alisdair R Fernie
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Victoria I Bunik
- Faculty of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.
- A. N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.
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Graf A, Trofimova L, Ksenofontov A, Baratova L, Bunik V. Hypoxic Adaptation of Mitochondrial Metabolism in Rat Cerebellum Decreases in Pregnancy. Cells 2020; 9:E139. [PMID: 31936131 PMCID: PMC7016955 DOI: 10.3390/cells9010139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Revised: 12/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Function of brain amino acids as neurotransmitters or their precursors implies changes in the amino acid levels and/or metabolism in response to physiological and environmental challenges. Modelling such challenges by pregnancy and/or hypoxia, we characterize the amino acid pool in the rat cerebellum, quantifying the levels and correlations of 15 amino acids and activity of 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase complex (OGDHC). The parameters are systemic indicators of metabolism because OGDHC limits the flux through mitochondrial TCA cycle, where amino acids are degraded and their precursors synthesized. Compared to non-pregnant state, pregnancy increases the cerebellar content of glutamate and tryptophan, decreasing interdependence between the quantified components of amino acid metabolism. In response to hypoxia, the dependence of cerebellar amino acid pool on OGDHC and the average levels of arginine, glutamate, lysine, methionine, serine, phenylalanine, and tryptophan increase in non-pregnant rats only. This is accompanied by a higher hypoxic resistance of the non-pregnant vs. pregnant rats, pointing to adaptive significance of the hypoxia-induced changes in the cerebellar amino acid metabolism. These adaptive mechanisms are not effective in the pregnancy-changed metabolic network. Thus, the cerebellar amino acid levels and OGDHC activity provide sensitive markers of the physiology-dependent organization of metabolic network and its stress adaptations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia Graf
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia; (A.G.); (L.T.)
- Faculty of Nano-, Bio-, Informational and Cognitive and Socio-humanistic Sciences and Technologies at Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, 123098 Moscow, Russia
| | - Lidia Trofimova
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia; (A.G.); (L.T.)
| | - Alexander Ksenofontov
- A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physicochemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119992 Moscow, Russia; (A.K.); (L.B.)
| | - Lyudmila Baratova
- A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physicochemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119992 Moscow, Russia; (A.K.); (L.B.)
| | - Victoria Bunik
- A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physicochemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119992 Moscow, Russia; (A.K.); (L.B.)
- Faculty of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia
- Вiochemistry Department, Sechenov University, 119048 Moscow, Russia
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29
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Condori-Apfata JA, Batista-Silva W, Medeiros DB, Vargas JR, Valente LML, Heyneke E, Pérez-Diaz JL, Fernie AR, Araújo WL, Nunes-Nesi A. The Arabidopsis E 1 subunit of the 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase complex modulates plant growth and seed production. Plant Mol Biol 2019; 101:183-202. [PMID: 31286324 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-019-00900-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2017] [Accepted: 06/29/2019] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Isoforms of 2-OGDH E1 subunit are not functionally redundant in plant growth and development of A. thaliana. The tricarboxylic acid cycle enzyme 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase (2-OGDH) converts 2-oxoglutarate (2-OG) to succinyl-CoA concomitant with the reduction of NAD+. 2-OGDH has an essential role in plant metabolism, being both a limiting step during mitochondrial respiration as well as a key player in carbon-nitrogen interactions. In Arabidopsis thaliana two genes encode for E1 subunit of 2-OGDH but the physiological roles of each isoform remain unknown. Thus, in the present study we isolated Arabidopsis T-DNA insertion knockout mutant lines for each of the genes encoding the E1 subunit of 2-OGDH enzyme. All mutant plants exhibited substantial reduction in both respiration and CO2 assimilation rates. Furthermore, mutant lines exhibited reduced levels of chlorophylls and nitrate, increased levels of sucrose, malate and fumarate and minor changes in total protein and starch levels in leaves. Despite the similar metabolic phenotypes for the two E1 isoforms the reduction in the expression of each gene culminated in different responses in terms of plant growth and seed production indicating distinct roles for each isoform. Collectively, our results demonstrated the importance of the E1 subunit of 2-OGDH in both autotrophic and heterotrophic tissues and suggest that the two E1 isoforms are not functionally redundant in terms of plant growth in A. thaliana.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge A Condori-Apfata
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Willian Batista-Silva
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, 36570-900, Brazil
- Max-Planck Partner Group at the Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, 36570-900, Brazil
| | - David Barbosa Medeiros
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, 36570-900, Brazil
- Max-Planck Partner Group at the Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Jonas Rafael Vargas
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Luiz Mário Lopes Valente
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Elmien Heyneke
- Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam Golm, Germany
| | - Jorge Luis Pérez-Diaz
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Alisdair R Fernie
- Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam Golm, Germany
| | - Wagner L Araújo
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, 36570-900, Brazil
- Max-Planck Partner Group at the Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Adriano Nunes-Nesi
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, 36570-900, Brazil.
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30
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Wagner T, Boyko A, Alzari PM, Bunik VI, Bellinzoni M. Conformational transitions in the active site of mycobacterial 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase upon binding phosphonate analogues of 2-oxoglutarate: From a Michaelis-like complex to ThDP adducts. J Struct Biol 2019; 208:182-190. [PMID: 31476368 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsb.2019.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Revised: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Mycobacterial KGD, the thiamine diphosphate (ThDP)-dependent E1o component of the 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase complex (OGDHC), is known to undergo significant conformational changes during catalysis with two distinct conformational states, previously named as the early and late state. In this work, we employ two phosphonate analogues of 2-oxoglutarate (OG), i.e. succinyl phosphonate (SP) and phosphono ethyl succinyl phosphonate (PESP), as tools to isolate the first catalytic steps and understand the significance of conformational transitions for the enzyme regulation. The kinetics showed a more efficient inhibition of mycobacterial E1o by SP (Ki 0.043 ± 0.013 mM) than PESP (Ki 0.88 ± 0.28 mM), consistent with the different circular dichroism spectra of the corresponding complexes. PESP allowed us to get crystallographic snapshots of the Michaelis-like complex, the first one for 2-oxo acid dehydrogenases, followed by the covalent adduction of the inhibitor to ThDP, mimicking the pre-decarboxylation complex. In addition, covalent ThDP-phosphonate complexes obtained with both compounds by co-crystallization were in the late conformational state, probably corresponding to slowly dissociating enzyme-inhibitor complexes. We discuss the relevance of these findings in terms of regulatory features of the mycobacterial E1o enzymes, and in the perspective of developing tools for species-specific metabolic regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tristan Wagner
- Unité de Microbiologie Structurale, Institut Pasteur, CNRS, Université de Paris, F-75724 Paris, France
| | - Alexandra Boyko
- A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physicochemical Biology and Faculty of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Russia
| | - Pedro M Alzari
- Unité de Microbiologie Structurale, Institut Pasteur, CNRS, Université de Paris, F-75724 Paris, France
| | - Victoria I Bunik
- A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physicochemical Biology and Faculty of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Russia
| | - Marco Bellinzoni
- Unité de Microbiologie Structurale, Institut Pasteur, CNRS, Université de Paris, F-75724 Paris, France.
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31
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Oldford C, Kuksal N, Gill R, Young A, Mailloux RJ. Estimation of the hydrogen peroxide producing capacities of liver and cardiac mitochondria isolated from C57BL/6N and C57BL/6J mice. Free Radic Biol Med 2019; 135:15-27. [PMID: 30794944 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2019.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Revised: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Here, we examined the hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) producing capacities of pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH), α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase (KGDH), proline dehydrogenase (PRODH), glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (G3PDH), succinate dehydrogenase (SDH; complex II), and branched-chain keto acid dehydrogenase (BCKDH), in cardiac and liver mitochondria isolated from C57BL/6N (6N) and C57BL/6J (6J) mice. Various inhibitor combinations were used to suppress ROS production by complexes I, II, and III and estimate the native rates of H2O2 production for these enzymes. Overall, liver mitochondria from 6N mice produced ∼2-fold more ROS than samples enriched from 6J mice. This was attributed, in part, to the higher levels of glutathione peroxidase-1 (GPX1) and catalase (CAT) in 6J mitochondria. Intriguingly, PDH, KGDH, and SDH comprised up to ∼95% of the ROS generating capacity of permeabilized 6N liver mitochondria, with PRODH, G3PDH, and BCKDH making minor contributions. By contrast, BCKDH accounted for ∼34% of the production in permeabilized 6J mitochondria with KGDH and PRODH accounting for ∼23% and ∼19%. G3PDH produced high amounts of ROS, accounting for ∼52% and ∼39% of the total H2O2 generating capacity in 6N and 6J heart mitochondria. PRODH was also an important ROS source in 6J mitochondria, accounting for ∼43% of the total H2O2 formed. In addition, 6J cardiac mitochondria produced significantly more ROS than 6N mitochondria. Taken together, our findings demonstrate that these other generators can also serve as important sources of H2O2. Additionally, we found that mouse strain influences the rate of production from the individual sites that were studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Oldford
- Department of Biochemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada
| | - Nidhi Kuksal
- Department of Biochemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada
| | - Robert Gill
- Department of Biochemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada
| | - Adrian Young
- Department of Biochemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada
| | - Ryan J Mailloux
- Department of Biochemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada.
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32
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Zhang L, Fan J, Feng G, Declerck S. The arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Rhizophagus irregularis MUCL 43194 induces the gene expression of citrate synthase in the tricarboxylic acid cycle of the phosphate-solubilizing bacterium Rahnella aquatilis HX2. Mycorrhiza 2019; 29:69-75. [PMID: 30368606 DOI: 10.1007/s00572-018-0871-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
An increasing number of studies have demonstrated that arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi can cooperate with other soil microorganisms, e.g., bacteria, which develop near or on the surface of the extraradical hyphae where they perform multiple functions. However, the mechanisms involved in this privileged relationship are still poorly known. In the present study, we investigated how the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Rhizophagus irregularis MUCL 43194 influences the three pace-making enzymes (i.e., citrate synthase, isocitrate dehydrogenase, and α-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase) of the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle in the phosphate-solubilizing bacterium Rahnella aquatilis HX2. The study was conducted under strict in vitro culture conditions and analysis made at the transcriptional level. Results showed that R. irregularis induced the expression of the gene-encoding citrate synthase (gltA), the pace-making enzyme involved in the first step of the TCA cycle, in R. aquatilis at all time points of observation (i.e., 1, 6, 12, 24, 48, and 72 h). The expression of the gene-encoding isocitrate dehydrogenase (icd) significantly decreased at 6, 12, 24, 48, and 72 h and the expression of the gene-encoding α-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase E1 component (kgdhc) significantly increased at 1, 6, and 48 h. The above results suggested that R. irregularis may influence the level of adenosine triphosphate production in R. aquatilis and thus the metabolism of the bacterium by stimulating the expression of gltA involved in the TCA cycle. Our results suggest a fine-tuned dialog between R. irregularis MUCL 43194 and R. aquatilis HX2 and emphasize the complexity of the interactions that might take place at the hyphal surface of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi hosting communities of microbes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zhang
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
- Earth and Life Institute, Applied microbiology, Mycology, Université catholique de Louvain, Croix du sud 2, bte L7.05.06, 1348, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Jiequn Fan
- Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 201106, China
| | - Gu Feng
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
| | - Stéphane Declerck
- Earth and Life Institute, Applied microbiology, Mycology, Université catholique de Louvain, Croix du sud 2, bte L7.05.06, 1348, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
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33
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Duan L, Perez RE, Maki CG. Alpha ketoglutarate levels, regulated by p53 and OGDH, determine autophagy and cell fate/apoptosis in response to Nutlin-3a. Cancer Biol Ther 2018; 20:252-260. [PMID: 30289354 PMCID: PMC6370392 DOI: 10.1080/15384047.2018.1523858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 08/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Activated p53 can promote apoptosis or cell cycle arrest. Differences in energy metabolism can influence cell fate in response to activated p53. Nutlin-3a is a preclinical drug and small molecule activator of p53. Alpha-ketoglutarate (αKG) levels were reduced in cells sensitive to Nutlin-3a-induced apoptosis and increased in cells resistant to this apoptosis. Add-back of a cell-permeable αKG analog (DMKG) rescued cells from apoptosis in response to Nutlin-3a. OGDH is a component of the αKGDH complex that converts αKG to succinate. OGDH knockdown increased endogenous αKG levels and also rescued cells from Nutlin-3a-induced apoptosis. We previously showed reduced autophagy and ATG gene expression contributes to Nutlin-3a-induced apoptosis. DMKG and OGDH knockdown restored autophagy and ATG gene expression in Nutlin-3a-treated cells. These studies indicate αKG levels, regulated by p53 and OGDH, determine autophagy and apoptosis in response to Nutlin-3a.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Duan
- a Department of Cell & Molecular Medicine , Rush University Medical Center , Chicago , IL , USA
| | - Ricardo E Perez
- a Department of Cell & Molecular Medicine , Rush University Medical Center , Chicago , IL , USA
| | - Carl G Maki
- a Department of Cell & Molecular Medicine , Rush University Medical Center , Chicago , IL , USA
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Yue J, Du C, Ji J, Xie T, Chen W, Chang E, Chen L, Jiang Z, Shi S. Inhibition of α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase activity affects adventitious root growth in poplar via changes in GABA shunt. Planta 2018; 248:963-979. [PMID: 29982922 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-018-2929-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Blocking α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase results in up-regulation of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) shunt activity, and inhibits the growth of poplar adventitious roots (ARs), indicating that AR growth is closely associated with GABA shunt. γ-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) shunt starts from α-ketoglutarate in the tricarboxylic acid cycle, which is thought to represent the cross road between carbon and nitrogen metabolism. Previous studies (Araújo et al. 2012b, Plant Cell 24: 2328-2351) have shown that blocking α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase (α-KGDH) affects the GABA shunt activity, and inhibits growth. However, its effects on the growth of adventitious roots (ARs) are unclear. In this study, the growth of ARs in tissue-cultured 84K poplar (Populus alba × Populus glandulosa cv. '84K') was significantly inhibited when succinyl phosphate (SP), a specific inhibitor of α-KGDH, was supplied. The inhibition of ARs was associated with significant changes in the levels of soluble sugars, organic acids, and amino acids, and was coupled with the up-regulation of the GABA shunt activity at the transcriptional and translational levels. Exogenous GABA also inhibited AR growth following the increase of the endogenous GABA level. Transcriptomic analyses further showed that genes related to cell wall carbon metabolism and phytohormone (indoleacetic acid, ABA, and ethylene) signaling were affected by the changes of GABA shunt activity, resulting from the α-KGDH inhibition. Thus, our study indicates that the inhibition of poplar AR growth by blocking α-KGDH is closely associated with GABA shunt, which would benefit a better understanding of GABA's roles in plant development and stress response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianyun Yue
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of State Forestry Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, No. 1 Dongxiaofu, Xiangshan Road, Haidian, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Changjian Du
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of State Forestry Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, No. 1 Dongxiaofu, Xiangshan Road, Haidian, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Jing Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of State Forestry Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, No. 1 Dongxiaofu, Xiangshan Road, Haidian, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Tiantian Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of State Forestry Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, No. 1 Dongxiaofu, Xiangshan Road, Haidian, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of State Forestry Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, No. 1 Dongxiaofu, Xiangshan Road, Haidian, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Ermei Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of State Forestry Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, No. 1 Dongxiaofu, Xiangshan Road, Haidian, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Lanzhen Chen
- Institute of Apicultural Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Risk Assessment Laboratory for Bee Products, Quality and Safety of Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Zeping Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of State Forestry Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, No. 1 Dongxiaofu, Xiangshan Road, Haidian, Beijing, 100091, China.
- Institute of Forest Ecology, Environment and Protection, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China.
| | - Shengqing Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of State Forestry Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, No. 1 Dongxiaofu, Xiangshan Road, Haidian, Beijing, 100091, China.
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Chang SC, Lee I, Ting H, Chang YJ, Yang NC. Parapyruvate, an Impurity in Pyruvate Supplements, Induces Senescence in Human Fibroblastic Hs68 Cells via Inhibition of the α-Ketoglutarate Dehydrogenase Complex. J Agric Food Chem 2018; 66:7504-7513. [PMID: 29931974 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b01138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Commercial dietary supplements of calcium pyruvate claim to be beneficial for losing weight, increasing muscle endurance, and regulating metabolism. Most industrial preparations have some impurities, including parapyruvate. Parapyruvate is an inhibitor of the α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex (KGDHC). However, the effect and mechanism of parapyruvate on cell senescence and the content of parapyruvate in the dietary supplements of calcium pyruvate are unknown. In this study, we prepared pure parapyruvate with a purity of 99.8 ± 0.1% and investigated its ability to inhibit KGDHC activity and affect fibroblast senescence. Parapyruvate dose-dependently decreased KGDHC activity, with an IC50 of 4.13 mM and induced Hs68 cell senescence. Calcium ions, a KGDHC activator, antagonized the senescent effects of parapyruvate. The parapyruvate content was 1.4 ± 0.1% to 10.6 ± 0.2% in five brands of calcium pyruvate supplements. In this study, we showed that parapyruvate strongly induces Hs68 cell senescence by inhibiting KGDHC activity. Because of its KGDHC inhibition activity, the parapyruvate content should be an important issue for the food safety of calcium pyruvate supplements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Chung Chang
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation , Chung Shan Medical University Hospital , Taichung , Taiwan
| | - Inn Lee
- Department of Nutrition , Chung Shan Medical University , Taichung , Taiwan
| | - Hua Ting
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation , Chung Shan Medical University Hospital , Taichung , Taiwan
- Sleep Medicine Center , Chung Shan Medical University Hospital , Taichung , Taiwan
- Institute of Medicine , Chung Shan Medical University , Taichung , Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Jhe Chang
- Department of Occupational Safety and Health , Chung Shan Medical University , Taichung , Taiwan
| | - Nae-Cherng Yang
- Department of Nutrition , Chung Shan Medical University , Taichung , Taiwan
- Department of Nutrition , Chung Shan Medical University Hospital , Taichung , Taiwan
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Chalker J, Gardiner D, Kuksal N, Mailloux RJ. Characterization of the impact of glutaredoxin-2 (GRX2) deficiency on superoxide/hydrogen peroxide release from cardiac and liver mitochondria. Redox Biol 2018; 15:216-227. [PMID: 29274570 PMCID: PMC5773472 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2017.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Revised: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are critical sources of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), an important secondary messenger in mammalian cells. Recent work has shown that O2•-/H2O2 emission from individual sites of production in mitochondria is regulated by protein S-glutathionylation. Here, we conducted the first examination of O2•-/H2O2 release rates from cardiac and liver mitochondria isolated from mice deficient for glutaredoxin-2 (GRX2), a matrix-associated thiol oxidoreductase that facilitates the S-glutathionylation and deglutathionylation of proteins. Liver mitochondria isolated from mice heterozygous (GRX2+/-) and homozygous (GRX2-/-) for glutaredoxin-2 displayed a significant decrease in O2•-/H2O2 release when oxidizing pyruvate or 2-oxoglutarate. The genetic deletion of the Grx2 gene was associated with increased protein expression of pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) but not 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase (OGDH). By contrast, O2•-/H2O2 production was augmented in cardiac mitochondria from GRX2+/- and GRX2-/- mice metabolizing pyruvate or 2-oxoglutarate which was associated with decreased PDH and OGDH protein levels. ROS production was augmented in liver and cardiac mitochondria metabolizing succinate. Inhibitor studies revealed that OGDH and Complex III served as high capacity ROS release sites in liver mitochondria. By contrast, Complex I and Complex III were found to be the chief O2•-/H2O2 emitters in cardiac mitochondria. These findings identify an essential role for GRX2 in regulating O2•-/H2O2 release from mitochondria in liver and cardiac tissue. Our results demonstrate that the GRX2-mediated regulation of O2•-/H2O2 release through the S-glutathionylation of mitochondrial proteins may play an integral role in controlling cellular ROS signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Chalker
- Memorial University of Newfoundland, Department of Biochemistry, St. John's, Newfoundland, Canada
| | - Danielle Gardiner
- Memorial University of Newfoundland, Department of Biochemistry, St. John's, Newfoundland, Canada
| | - Nidhi Kuksal
- Memorial University of Newfoundland, Department of Biochemistry, St. John's, Newfoundland, Canada
| | - Ryan J Mailloux
- Memorial University of Newfoundland, Department of Biochemistry, St. John's, Newfoundland, Canada.
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Wang X, Sakata K, Komatsu S. An Integrated Approach of Proteomics and Computational Genetic Modification Effectiveness Analysis to Uncover the Mechanisms of Flood Tolerance in Soybeans. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E1301. [PMID: 29701710 PMCID: PMC5983631 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19051301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Revised: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Flooding negatively affects the growth of soybeans. Recently, omic approaches have been used to study abiotic stress responses in plants. To explore flood-tolerant genes in soybeans, an integrated approach of proteomics and computational genetic modification effectiveness analysis was applied to the soybean (Glycine max L. (Merrill)). Flood-tolerant mutant and abscisic acid (ABA)-treated soybean plants were used as the flood-tolerant materials. Among the primary metabolism, glycolysis, fermentation, and tricarboxylic acid cycle were markedly affected under flooding. Fifteen proteins, which were related to the affected processes, displayed similar protein profiles in the mutant and ABA-treated soybean plants. Protein levels of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), aconitase 1, and 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase were higher in flood-tolerant materials than in wild-type soybean plants under flood conditions. These three proteins were positioned in each of the three enzyme groups revealed by our computational genetic modification effectiveness analysis, and the three proteins configured a candidate set of genes to promote flood tolerance. Additionally, transcript levels of GAPDH were similar in flood-tolerant materials and in unstressed plants. These results suggest that proteins related to energy metabolism might play an essential role to confer flood tolerance in soybeans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wang
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8572, Japan.
- National Institute of Crop Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba 305-8518, Japan.
| | - Katsumi Sakata
- Department of Life Science and Informatics, Maebashi Institute of Technology, Maebashi 371-0816, Japan.
| | - Setsuko Komatsu
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8572, Japan.
- National Institute of Crop Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba 305-8518, Japan.
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Nemeria NS, Gerfen G, Nareddy PR, Yang L, Zhang X, Szostak M, Jordan F. The mitochondrial 2-oxoadipate and 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase complexes share their E2 and E3 components for their function and both generate reactive oxygen species. Free Radic Biol Med 2018; 115:136-145. [PMID: 29191460 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2017.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Revised: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Herein are reported unique properties of the novel human thiamin diphosphate (ThDP)-dependent enzyme 2-oxoadipate dehydrogenase (hE1a), known as dehydrogenase E1 and transketolase domain-containing protein 1 that is encoded by the DHTKD1 gene. It is involved in the oxidative decarboxylation of 2-oxoadipate (OA) to glutaryl-CoA on the final degradative pathway of L-lysine and is critical for mitochondrial metabolism. Functionally active recombinant hE1a has been produced according to both kinetic and spectroscopic criteria in our toolbox leading to the following conclusions: (i) The hE1a has recruited the dihydrolipoyl succinyltransferase (hE2o) and the dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase (hE3) components of the tricarboxylic acid cycle 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase complex (OGDHc) for its activity. (ii) 2-Oxoglutarate (OG) and 2-oxoadipate (OA) could be oxidized by hE1a, however, hE1a displays an approximately 49-fold preference in catalytic efficiency for OA over OG, indicating that hE1a is specific to the 2-oxoadipate dehydrogenase complex. (iii) The hE1a forms the ThDP-enamine radical from OA according to electron paramagnetic resonance detection in the oxidative half reaction, and could produce superoxide and H2O2 from decarboxylation of OA in the forward physiological direction, as also seen with the 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase hE1o component. (iv) Once assembled to complex with the same hE2o and hE3 components, the hE1o and hE1a display strikingly different regulation: both succinyl-CoA and glutaryl-CoA significantly reduced the hE1o activity, but not the activity of hE1a.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia S Nemeria
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ 07102-1811, USA.
| | - Gary Gerfen
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461-2304, USA
| | | | - Luying Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ 07102-1811, USA
| | - Xu Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ 07102-1811, USA
| | - Michal Szostak
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ 07102-1811, USA
| | - Frank Jordan
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ 07102-1811, USA.
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Wang Y, Guo YR, Liu K, Yin Z, Liu R, Xia Y, Tan L, Yang P, Lee JH, Li XJ, Hawke D, Zheng Y, Qian X, Lyu J, He J, Xing D, Tao YJ, Lu Z. KAT2A coupled with the α-KGDH complex acts as a histone H3 succinyltransferase. Nature 2017; 552:273-277. [PMID: 29211711 PMCID: PMC5841452 DOI: 10.1038/nature25003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 264] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2016] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Histone modifications, such as the frequently occurring lysine succinylation, are central to the regulation of chromatin-based processes. However, the mechanism and functional consequences of histone succinylation are unknown. Here we show that the α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase (α-KGDH) complex is localized in the nucleus in human cell lines and binds to lysine acetyltransferase 2A (KAT2A, also known as GCN5) in the promoter regions of genes. We show that succinyl-coenzyme A (succinyl-CoA) binds to KAT2A. The crystal structure of the catalytic domain of KAT2A in complex with succinyl-CoA at 2.3 Å resolution shows that succinyl-CoA binds to a deep cleft of KAT2A with the succinyl moiety pointing towards the end of a flexible loop 3, which adopts different structural conformations in succinyl-CoA-bound and acetyl-CoA-bound forms. Site-directed mutagenesis indicates that tyrosine 645 in this loop has an important role in the selective binding of succinyl-CoA over acetyl-CoA. KAT2A acts as a succinyltransferase and succinylates histone H3 on lysine 79, with a maximum frequency around the transcription start sites of genes. Preventing the α-KGDH complex from entering the nucleus, or expression of KAT2A(Tyr645Ala), reduces gene expression and inhibits tumour cell proliferation and tumour growth. These findings reveal an important mechanism of histone modification and demonstrate that local generation of succinyl-CoA by the nuclear α-KGDH complex coupled with the succinyltransferase activity of KAT2A is instrumental in histone succinylation, tumour cell proliferation, and tumour development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yugang Wang
- Brain Tumor Center, Department of Neuro-Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Yusong R Guo
- Department of BioSciences, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, USA
| | - Ke Liu
- Department of Statistics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Zheng Yin
- Department of Systems Medicine and Bioengineering, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Rui Liu
- Brain Tumor Center, Department of Neuro-Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Yan Xia
- Brain Tumor Center, Department of Neuro-Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Lin Tan
- Department of General Oncology, Division of Cancer Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77054, USA
| | - Peiying Yang
- Department of General Oncology, Division of Cancer Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77054, USA
| | - Jong-Ho Lee
- Brain Tumor Center, Department of Neuro-Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Xin-Jian Li
- Brain Tumor Center, Department of Neuro-Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - David Hawke
- Department of Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Yanhua Zheng
- Brain Tumor Center, Department of Neuro-Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Xu Qian
- People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China
| | - Jianxin Lyu
- People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Jie He
- Laboratory of Thoracic Surgery, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Dongming Xing
- Cancer Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266061, China
- Qingdao Cancer Institute, Qingdao, Shandong 266061, China
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Yizhi Jane Tao
- Department of BioSciences, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, USA
| | - Zhimin Lu
- Brain Tumor Center, Department of Neuro-Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
- MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
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Nakayasu M, Umemoto N, Ohyama K, Fujimoto Y, Lee HJ, Watanabe B, Muranaka T, Saito K, Sugimoto Y, Mizutani M. A Dioxygenase Catalyzes Steroid 16α-Hydroxylation in Steroidal Glycoalkaloid Biosynthesis. Plant Physiol 2017; 175:120-133. [PMID: 28754839 PMCID: PMC5580751 DOI: 10.1104/pp.17.00501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Steroidal glycoalkaloids (SGAs) are toxic specialized metabolites that are found in the Solanaceae. Potato (Solanum tuberosum) contains the SGAs α-solanine and α-chaconine, while tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) contains α-tomatine, all of which are biosynthesized from cholesterol. However, although two cytochrome P450 monooxygenases that catalyze the 22- and 26-hydroxylation of cholesterol have been identified, the 16-hydroxylase remains unknown. Feeding with deuterium-labeled cholesterol indicated that the 16α- and 16β-hydrogen atoms of cholesterol were eliminated to form α-solanine and α-chaconine in potato, while only the 16α-hydrogen atom was eliminated in α-tomatine biosynthesis, suggesting that a single oxidation at C-16 takes place during tomato SGA biosynthesis while a two-step oxidation occurs in potato. Here, we show that a 2-oxoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase, designated as 16DOX, is involved in SGA biosynthesis. We found that the transcript of potato 16DOX (St16DOX) was expressed at high levels in the tuber sprouts, where large amounts of SGAs are accumulated. Biochemical analysis of the recombinant St16DOX protein revealed that St16DOX catalyzes the 16α-hydroxylation of hydroxycholesterols and that (22S)-22,26-dihydroxycholesterol was the best substrate among the nine compounds tested. St16DOX-silenced potato plants contained significantly lower levels of SGAs, and a detailed metabolite analysis revealed that they accumulated the glycosides of (22S)-22,26-dihydroxycholesterol. Analysis of the tomato 16DOX (Sl16DOX) gene gave essentially the same results. These findings clearly indicate that 16DOX is a steroid 16α-hydroxylase that functions in the SGA biosynthetic pathway. Furthermore, St16DOX silencing did not affect potato tuber yield, indicating that 16DOX may be a suitable target for controlling toxic SGA levels in potato.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaru Nakayasu
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan
| | - Naoyuki Umemoto
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Ohyama
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Fujimoto
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan
| | - Hyoung Jae Lee
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan
| | - Bunta Watanabe
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Toshiya Muranaka
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kazuki Saito
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8675, Japan
| | - Yukihiro Sugimoto
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan
| | - Masaharu Mizutani
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan
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Gruber-Bzura BM, Krzysztoń-Russjan J, Bubko I, Syska J, Jaworska M, Zmysłowski A, Rosłon M, Drozd J, Drozd E, Majorczyk E, Anuszewska EL. Role of thiamine in Huntington's disease pathogenesis: In vitro studies. ADV CLIN EXP MED 2017; 26:751-760. [PMID: 29068569 DOI: 10.17219/acem/63091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oxidative stress accompanies neurodegeneration and also causes abnormalities in thiaminedependent processes. These processes have been reported to be diminished in the brains of patients with several neurodegenerative diseases. OBJECTIVES The aim of this work was to conduct a comparative analysis of the impact of supplemented thiamine on the viability of human B lymphocytes with CAG abnormal expanded huntingtin gene (mHTT) (GM13509) and control, B lymphocytes without mHTT (GM14467) through the following studies: determination of the supplemented thiamine concentrations, which are effective for cell growth stimulation after incubation in thiamine deficit conditions; determination of cell capability to intake the exogenous thiamine; evaluation of exogenous thiamine influence on the profile of the genes related to thiamine and energy metabolism; determination of ATP synthesis and activities of thiamine-dependent enzymes, KGDHC and BCKDHC in the intact cells and upon the exogenous thiamine. MATERIAL AND METHODS The following methods were used: EZ4U test for cell growth analysis; HPLC for determination of thiamine intake and ATP synthesis, qRT-PCR for evaluation of the gene profiles and spectrophotometric method for KGDHC and BCKDHC activities determination. RESULTS Maximal cell growth stimulation was observed at 2.5 mM in GM14467 up to 135% of the control culture and at 5.0 mM in GM13509 cells up to 165% of the control culture. Native levels of total ATP and KGDHC and BCKDHC activities in both cell types were comparable and did not changed upon thiamine deficit or supplementation. GM13509 cells showed more of an increase in growth stimulation upon thiamine supplementation than GM14467 cells and this effect was reflected in the increase of intracellular thiamine concentration. CONCLUSIONS The above results and reported changes in expression of GAPDH, IDH1 and SLC19A3 genes observed upon thiamine deficit conditions suggest that intracellular thiamine status and energy metabolism can have a role in HD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beata M Gruber-Bzura
- Department of Biochemistry and Biopharmaceuticals, National Medicines Institute, Warszawa, Poland
| | | | - Irena Bubko
- Department of Biochemistry and Biopharmaceuticals, National Medicines Institute, Warszawa, Poland
| | - Jarosław Syska
- Department of Biochemistry and Biopharmaceuticals, National Medicines Institute, Warszawa, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Jaworska
- Department of Biochemistry and Biopharmaceuticals, National Medicines Institute, Warszawa, Poland
| | - Adam Zmysłowski
- Department of Biochemistry and Biopharmaceuticals, National Medicines Institute, Warszawa, Poland
| | - Magdalena Rosłon
- Department of Biochemistry and Biopharmaceuticals, National Medicines Institute, Warszawa, Poland
| | - Janina Drozd
- Department of Biochemistry and Biopharmaceuticals, National Medicines Institute, Warszawa, Poland
| | - Ewa Drozd
- Department of Biochemistry and Biopharmaceuticals, National Medicines Institute, Warszawa, Poland
| | - Edyta Majorczyk
- Department of Biochemistry and Biopharmaceuticals, National Medicines Institute, Warszawa, Poland
| | - Elżbieta L Anuszewska
- Department of Biochemistry and Biopharmaceuticals, National Medicines Institute, Warszawa, Poland
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Bulteau AL, Mena NP, Auchère F, Lee I, Prigent A, Lobsiger CS, Camadro JM, Hirsch EC. Dysfunction of mitochondrial Lon protease and identification of oxidized protein in mouse brain following exposure to MPTP: Implications for Parkinson disease. Free Radic Biol Med 2017; 108:236-246. [PMID: 28365360 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2017.03.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2016] [Revised: 03/19/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Compelling evidence suggests that mitochondrial dysfunction leading to reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and protein oxidation could represent a critical event in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD). Pioneering studies have shown that the mitochondrial matrix contains the Lon protease, which degrades oxidized, dysfunctional, and misfolded protein. Using the PD animal model of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1, 2, 3, 6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) intoxication in mice, we showed that Lon protease expression increased in the ventral mesencephalon of intoxicated animals, concomitantly with the appearance of oxidized proteins and dopaminergic cell loss. In addition, we report that Lon is inactivated by ROS. Moreover, proteomic experiments provide evidence of carbonylation in α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase (KGDH), aconitase or subunits of respiratory chain complexes. Lon protease inactivation upon MPTP treatment in mice raises the possibility that Lon protease dysfunction is an early event in the pathogenesis of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Laure Bulteau
- INSERM, U1127, The Brain and Spinal Cord Institute (ICM), Hôpital de la Salpêtrière, 75013 Paris, France; CNRS, UMR 7225, Centre de Recherche en neurosciences, ICM, Thérapeutique expérimentale de la neurodégénérescence, Hôpital de la Salpêtrière, Paris, F-75005 Paris, France; Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, 75005 Paris, France.
| | - Natalia P Mena
- INSERM, U1127, The Brain and Spinal Cord Institute (ICM), Hôpital de la Salpêtrière, 75013 Paris, France; CNRS, UMR 7225, Centre de Recherche en neurosciences, ICM, Thérapeutique expérimentale de la neurodégénérescence, Hôpital de la Salpêtrière, Paris, F-75005 Paris, France; Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, 75005 Paris, France; Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Millennium Institute of Cell Dynamics and Biotechnology, Santiago, Chile
| | - Françoise Auchère
- Laboratoire Mitochondries, Métaux et Stress Oxydatif, Département de Pathologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Institut Jacques Monod, Université Paris-Diderot/CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Irene Lee
- Case Western Reserve University Department of Chemistry, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Annick Prigent
- INSERM, U1127, The Brain and Spinal Cord Institute (ICM), Hôpital de la Salpêtrière, 75013 Paris, France; CNRS, UMR 7225, Centre de Recherche en neurosciences, ICM, Thérapeutique expérimentale de la neurodégénérescence, Hôpital de la Salpêtrière, Paris, F-75005 Paris, France; Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Christian S Lobsiger
- INSERM, U1127, The Brain and Spinal Cord Institute (ICM), Hôpital de la Salpêtrière, 75013 Paris, France; CNRS, UMR 7225, Centre de Recherche en neurosciences, ICM, Thérapeutique expérimentale de la neurodégénérescence, Hôpital de la Salpêtrière, Paris, F-75005 Paris, France; Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Jean-Michel Camadro
- Laboratoire Mitochondries, Métaux et Stress Oxydatif, Département de Pathologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Institut Jacques Monod, Université Paris-Diderot/CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Etienne C Hirsch
- INSERM, U1127, The Brain and Spinal Cord Institute (ICM), Hôpital de la Salpêtrière, 75013 Paris, France; CNRS, UMR 7225, Centre de Recherche en neurosciences, ICM, Thérapeutique expérimentale de la neurodégénérescence, Hôpital de la Salpêtrière, Paris, F-75005 Paris, France; Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, 75005 Paris, France.
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Nemeria NS, Gerfen G, Guevara E, Nareddy PR, Szostak M, Jordan F. The human Krebs cycle 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase complex creates an additional source of superoxide/hydrogen peroxide from 2-oxoadipate as alternative substrate. Free Radic Biol Med 2017; 108:644-654. [PMID: 28435050 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2017.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Revised: 04/14/2017] [Accepted: 04/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Recently, we reported that the human 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase (hE1o) component of the 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase complex (OGDHc) could produce the reactive oxygen species superoxide and hydrogen peroxide (detected by chemical means) from its substrate 2-oxoglutarate (OG), most likely concurrently with one-electron oxidation by dioxygen of the thiamin diphosphate (ThDP)-derived enamine intermediate to a C2α-centered radical (detected by Electron Paramagnetic Resonance) [Nemeria et al., 2014 [17]; Ambrus et al. 2015 [18]]. We here report that hE1o can also utilize the next higher homologue of OG, 2-oxoadipate (OA) as a substrate according to multiple criteria in our toolbox: (i) Both E1o-specific and overall complex activities (NADH production) were detected using OA as a substrate; (ii) Two post-decarboxylation intermediates were formed by hE1o from OA, the ThDP-enamine and the C2α-hydroxyalkyl-ThDP, with nearly identical rates for OG and OA; (iii) Both OG and OA could reductively acylate lipoyl domain created from dihydrolipoyl succinyltransferase (E2o); (iv) Both OG and OA gave α-ketol carboligaton products with glyoxylate, but with opposite chirality; a finding that could be of utility in chiral synthesis; (v) Dioxygen could oxidize the ThDP-derived enamine from both OG and OA, leading to ThDP-enamine radical and generation of superoxide and H2O2. While the observed oxidation-reduction with dioxygen is only a side reaction of the predominant physiological product glutaryl-CoA, the efficiency of superoxide/ H2O2 production was 7-times larger from OA than from OG, making the reaction of OGDHc with OA one of the important superoxide/ H2O2 producers among 2-oxo acid dehydrogenase complexes in mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia S Nemeria
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ 07102-1811, USA.
| | - Gary Gerfen
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461-2304, USA.
| | - Elena Guevara
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ 07102-1811, USA
| | | | - Michal Szostak
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ 07102-1811, USA
| | - Frank Jordan
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ 07102-1811, USA.
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O'Brien M, Chalker J, Slade L, Gardiner D, Mailloux RJ. Protein S-glutathionylation alters superoxide/hydrogen peroxide emission from pyruvate dehydrogenase complex. Free Radic Biol Med 2017; 106:302-314. [PMID: 28242228 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2017.02.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2017] [Revised: 02/15/2017] [Accepted: 02/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Pyruvate dehydrogenase (Pdh) is a vital source of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in several different tissues. Pdh has also been suggested to serve as a mitochondrial redox sensor. Here, we report that O2•-/ H2O2 emission from pyruvate dehydrogenase (Pdh) is altered by S-glutathionylation. Glutathione disulfide (GSSG) amplified O2•-/ H2O2 production by purified Pdh during reverse electron transfer (RET) from NADH. Thiol oxidoreductase glutaredoxin-2 (Grx2) reversed these effects confirming that Pdh is a target for S-glutathionylation. S-glutathionylation had the opposite effect during forward electron transfer (FET) from pyruvate to NAD+ lowering O2•-/ H2O2 production. Immunoblotting for protein glutathione mixed disulfides (PSSG) following diamide treatment confirmed that purified Pdh can be S-glutathionylated. Similar observations were made with mouse liver mitochondria. S-glutathionylation catalysts diamide and disulfiram significantly reduced pyruvate or 2-oxoglutarate driven O2•-/ H2O2 production in liver mitochondria, results that were confirmed using various Pdh, 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase (Ogdh), and respiratory chain inhibitors. Immunoprecipitation of Pdh and Ogdh confirmed that either protein can be S-glutathionylated by diamide and disulfiram. Collectively, our results demonstrate that the S -glutathionylation of Pdh alters the amount of ROS formed by the enzyme complex. We also confirmed that Ogdh is controlled in a similar manner. Taken together, our results indicate that the redox sensing and ROS forming properties of Pdh and Ogdh are linked to S-glutathionylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marisa O'Brien
- Department of Biochemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, 230 Elizabeth Ave, St. John's, Newfoundland, Canada A1B 3X9
| | - Julia Chalker
- Department of Biochemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, 230 Elizabeth Ave, St. John's, Newfoundland, Canada A1B 3X9
| | - Liam Slade
- Department of Biochemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, 230 Elizabeth Ave, St. John's, Newfoundland, Canada A1B 3X9
| | - Danielle Gardiner
- Department of Biochemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, 230 Elizabeth Ave, St. John's, Newfoundland, Canada A1B 3X9
| | - Ryan J Mailloux
- Department of Biochemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, 230 Elizabeth Ave, St. John's, Newfoundland, Canada A1B 3X9.
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Sharikadze N, Jojua N, Sepashvili M, Zhuravliova E, Mikeladze DG. Mitochondrial Target of Nobiletin's Action. Nat Prod Commun 2016; 11:1833-1838. [PMID: 30508345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Nobiletin is an 0-methylated flavonoid found in citrus peels that have anticancer, antiviral, neuroprotective; anti-inflammatory activities and depending on the cell types exhibits both pro- or anti-apoptotic properties We have found that nobiletin decreases oxygen consumption by bovine brain isolated mitochondria in the presence of glutamate and malate and increases in the presence of succinate. In paralleli nobiletin increases NADH: oxidation, a-ketoghitarate dehydrogenase activities and through matrix substrate-level phosphorylation elevates the a-ketoglutarate-dependent-production-of ATP. In addition, nobiletin reduces the production of peroxides in the presence of complex I substrates and slightly enhances succinate-driven H(2)0(2) formation. Besides, nobiletin induces transient elevation of membrane potential followed by mild depolarization. Affinity purified, nobiletin binding proteins revealed one major anti-NDUFVl positive protein with 52kD and NADH: ubiquinone oxidoreductase activity. This fraction can produce peroxide that is inhibited by nobiletin. We propose that nobiletin may act as a mild "uncoupler", which through activation of a-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase (a-KGDH)-complex and acceleration of matrix substrate-level phosphorylation maintains membrane potential at an abnormal level. This switch in mitochondrial metabolism could elevate succinate-driven oxygen consumption that may underlay in both pro- and anti-apoptotic effects of nobiletin.
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Bonke E, Siebels I, Zwicker K, Dröse S. Manganese ions enhance mitochondrial H 2O 2 emission from Krebs cycle oxidoreductases by inducing permeability transition. Free Radic Biol Med 2016; 99:43-53. [PMID: 27474449 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2016.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2016] [Revised: 07/21/2016] [Accepted: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Manganese-induced toxicity has been linked to mitochondrial dysfunction and an increased generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). We could recently show in mechanistic studies that Mn2+ ions induce hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) production from the ubiquinone binding site of mitochondrial complex II (IIQ) and generally enhance H2O2 formation by accelerating the rate of superoxide dismutation. The present study with intact mitochondria reveals that manganese additionally enhances H2O2 emission by inducing mitochondrial permeability transition (mPT). In mitochondria fed by NADH-generating substrates, the combination of Mn2+ and different respiratory chain inhibitors led to a dynamically increasing H2O2emission which was sensitive to the mPT inhibitor cyclosporine A (CsA) as well as Ru-360, an inhibitor of the mitochondrial calcium uniporter (MCU). Under these conditions, flavin-containing enzymes of the mitochondrial matrix, e.g. the mitochondrial 2-oxoglutaratedehydrogenase (OGDH), were major sources of ROS. With succinate as substrate, Mn2+ stimulated ROS production mainly at complex II, whereby the applied succinate concentration had a marked effect on the tendency for mPT. Also Ca2+ increased the rate of H2O2 emission by mPT, while no direct effect on ROS-production of complex II was observed. The present study reveals a complex scenario through which manganese affects mitochondrial H2O2 emission: stimulating its production from distinct sites (e.g. site IIQ), accelerating superoxide dismutation and enhancing the emission via mPT which also leads to the loss of soluble components of the mitochondrial antioxidant systems and favors the ROS production from flavin-containing oxidoreductases of the Krebs cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik Bonke
- Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive-Care Medicine and Pain Therapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Ilka Siebels
- Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive-Care Medicine and Pain Therapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Klaus Zwicker
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe-University Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Stefan Dröse
- Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive-Care Medicine and Pain Therapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
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Sheeran FL, Pepe S. Posttranslational modifications and dysfunction of mitochondrial enzymes in human heart failure. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2016; 311:E449-60. [PMID: 27406740 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00127.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Accepted: 06/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Deficiency of energy supply is a major complication contributing to the syndrome of heart failure (HF). Because the concurrent activity profile of mitochondrial bioenergetic enzymes has not been studied collectively in human HF, our aim was to examine the mitochondrial enzyme defects in left ventricular myocardium obtained from explanted end-stage failing hearts. Compared with nonfailing donor hearts, activity rates of complexes I and IV and the Krebs cycle enzymes isocitrate dehydrogenase, malate dehydrogenase, and aconitase were lower in HF, as determined spectrophotometrically. However, activity rates of complexes II and III and citrate synthase did not differ significantly between the two groups. Protein expression, determined by Western blotting, did not differ between the groups, implying posttranslational perturbation. In the face of diminished total glutathione and coenzyme Q10 levels, oxidative modification was explored as an underlying cause of enzyme dysfunction. Of the three oxidative modifications measured, protein carbonylation was increased significantly by 31% in HF (P < 0.01; n = 18), whereas levels of 4-hydroxynonenal and protein nitration, although elevated, did not differ. Isolation of complexes I and IV and F1FoATP synthase by immunocapture revealed that proteins containing iron-sulphur or heme redox centers were targets of oxidative modification. Energy deficiency in end-stage failing human left ventricle involves impaired activity of key electron transport chain and Krebs cycle enzymes without altered expression of protein levels. Augmented oxidative modification of crucial enzyme subunit structures implicates dysfunction due to diminished capacity for management of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species, thus contributing further to reduced bioenergetics in human HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Freya L Sheeran
- Heart Research, Clinical Sciences, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, and Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia; and Department of Surgery at Alfred Hospital, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Salvatore Pepe
- Heart Research, Clinical Sciences, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, and Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia; and Department of Surgery at Alfred Hospital, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
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Korge P, Calmettes G, Weiss JN. Reactive oxygen species production in cardiac mitochondria after complex I inhibition: Modulation by substrate-dependent regulation of the NADH/NAD(+) ratio. Free Radic Biol Med 2016; 96:22-33. [PMID: 27068062 PMCID: PMC4912463 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2016.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Revised: 03/11/2016] [Accepted: 04/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) production by isolated complex I is steeply dependent on the NADH/NAD(+) ratio. We used alamethicin-permeabilized mitochondria to study the substrate-dependence of matrix NADH and ROS production when complex I is inhibited by piericidin or rotenone. When complex I was inhibited in the presence of malate/glutamate, membrane permeabilization accelerated O2 consumption and ROS production due to a rapid increase in NADH generation that was not limited by matrix NAD(H) efflux. In the presence of inhibitor, both malate and glutamate were required to generate a high enough NADH/NAD(+) ratio to support ROS production through the coordinated activity of malate dehydrogenase (MDH) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST). With malate and glutamate present, the rate of ROS production was closely related to local NADH generation, whereas in the absence of substrates, ROS production was accelerated by increase in added [NADH]. With malate alone, oxaloacetate accumulation limited NADH production by MDH unless glutamate was also added to promote oxaloacetate removal via AST. α-ketoglutarate (KG) as well as AST inhibition also reversed NADH generation and inhibited ROS production. If malate and glutamate were provided before rather than after piericidin or rotenone, ROS generation was markedly reduced due to time-dependent efflux of CoA. CoA depletion decreased KG oxidation by α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase (KGDH), such that the resulting increase in [KG] inhibited oxaloacetate removal by AST and NADH generation by MDH. These findings were largely obscured in intact mitochondria due to robust H2O2 scavenging and limited ability to control substrate concentrations in the matrix. We conclude that in mitochondria with inhibited complex I, malate/glutamate-stimulated ROS generation depends strongly on oxaloacetate removal and on the ability of KGDH to oxidize KG generated by AST.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paavo Korge
- UCLA Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Department of Medicine (Cardiology), David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Guillaume Calmettes
- UCLA Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Department of Medicine (Cardiology), David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - James N Weiss
- UCLA Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Department of Medicine (Cardiology), David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Department of Physiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
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49
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Nemeria NS, Shome B, DeColli AA, Heflin K, Begley TP, Meyers CF, Jordan F. Competence of Thiamin Diphosphate-Dependent Enzymes with 2'-Methoxythiamin Diphosphate Derived from Bacimethrin, a Naturally Occurring Thiamin Anti-vitamin. Biochemistry 2016; 55:1135-48. [PMID: 26813608 PMCID: PMC4852132 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.5b01300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Bacimethrin (4-amino-5-hydroxymethyl-2-methoxypyrimidine), a natural product isolated from some bacteria, has been implicated as an inhibitor of bacterial and yeast growth, as well as in inhibition of thiamin biosynthesis. Given that thiamin biosynthetic enzymes could convert bacimethrin to 2'-methoxythiamin diphosphate (MeOThDP), it is important to evaluate the effect of this coenzyme analogue on thiamin diphosphate (ThDP)-dependent enzymes. The potential functions of MeOThDP were explored on five ThDP-dependent enzymes: the human and Escherichia coli pyruvate dehydrogenase complexes (PDHc-h and PDHc-ec, respectively), the E. coli 1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate synthase (DXPS), and the human and E. coli 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase complexes (OGDHc-h and OGDHc-ec, respectively). Using several mechanistic tools (fluorescence, circular dichroism, kinetics, and mass spectrometry), it was demonstrated that MeOThDP binds in the active centers of ThDP-dependent enzymes, however, with a binding mode different from that of ThDP. While modest activities resulted from addition of MeOThDP to E. coli PDHc (6-11%) and DXPS (9-14%), suggesting that MeOThDP-derived covalent intermediates are converted to the corresponding products (albeit with rates slower than that with ThDP), remarkably strong activity (up to 75%) resulted upon addition of the coenzyme analogue to PDHc-h. With PDHc-ec and PDHc-h, the coenzyme analogue could support all reactions, including communication between components in the complex. No functional substitution of MeOThDP for ThDP was in evidence with either OGDH-h or OGDH-ec, shown to be due to tight binding of ThDP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia S Nemeria
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University , Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
| | - Brateen Shome
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University , College Station, Texas 77842, United States
| | - Alicia A DeColli
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine , Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
| | - Kathryn Heflin
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine , Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
| | - Tadhg P Begley
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University , College Station, Texas 77842, United States
| | - Caren Freel Meyers
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine , Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
| | - Frank Jordan
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University , Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
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50
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Mailloux RJ, Craig Ayre D, Christian SL. Induction of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species production by GSH mediated S-glutathionylation of 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase. Redox Biol 2016; 8:285-97. [PMID: 26928132 PMCID: PMC4776629 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2016.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2016] [Revised: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 02/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
2-Oxoglutarate dehydrogenase (Ogdh) is an important mitochondria redox sensor that can undergo S-glutathionylation following an increase in H2O2 levels. Although S-glutathionylation is required to protect Ogdh from irreversible oxidation while simultaneously modulating its activity it remains unknown if glutathione can also modulate reactive oxygen species (ROS) production by the complex. We report that reduced (GSH) and oxidized (GSSG) glutathione control O2∙-/H2O2 formation by Ogdh through protein S-glutathionylation reactions. GSSG (1 mM) induced a modest decrease in Ogdh activity which was associated with a significant decrease in O2∙-/H2O2 formation. GSH had the opposite effect, amplifying O2∙-/H2O2 formation by Ogdh. Incubation of purified Ogdh in 2.5 mM GSH led to significant increase in O2∙-/H2O2 formation which also lowered NADH production. Inclusion of enzymatically active glutaredoxin-2 (Grx2) in reaction mixtures reversed the GSH-mediated amplification of O2∙-/H2O2 formation. Similarly pre-incubation of permeabilized liver mitochondria from mouse depleted of GSH showed an approximately ~3.5-fold increase in Ogdh-mediated O2∙-/H2O2 production that was matched by a significant decrease in NADH formation which could be reversed by Grx2. Taken together, our results demonstrate GSH and GSSG modulate ROS production by Ogdh through S-glutathionylation of different subunits. This is also the first demonstration that GSH can work in the opposite direction in mitochondria-amplifying ROS formation instead of quenching it. We propose that this regulatory mechanism is required to modulate ROS emission from Ogdh in response to variations in glutathione redox buffering capacity. ROS formation by Ogdh is controlled by glutathione. GSH amplifies ROS production by Ogdh. Ogdh is S-glutathionylated by GSH. Grx2 deglutathionylates Ogdh.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan J Mailloux
- Department of Biochemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Newfoundland, Canada.
| | - D Craig Ayre
- Department of Biochemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Newfoundland, Canada
| | - Sherri L Christian
- Department of Biochemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Newfoundland, Canada
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