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Melloni E, Marchesi E, Preti L, Casciano F, Rimondi E, Romani A, Secchiero P, Navacchia ML, Perrone D. Synthesis and Biological Investigation of Bile Acid-Paclitaxel Hybrids. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27020471. [PMID: 35056786 PMCID: PMC8779069 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27020471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Chenodeoxycholic acid and ursodeoxycholic acid (CDCA and UDCA, respectively) have been conjugated with paclitaxel (PTX) anticancer drugs through a high-yield condensation reaction. Bile acid-PTX hybrids (BA-PTX) have been investigated for their pro-apoptotic activity towards a selection of cancer cell lines as well as healthy fibroblast cells. Chenodeoxycholic-PTX hybrid (CDC-PTX) displayed cytotoxicity and cytoselectivity similar to PTX, whereas ursodeoxycholic-PTX hybrid (UDC-PTX) displayed some anticancer activity only towards HCT116 colon carcinoma cells. Pacific Blue (PB) conjugated derivatives of CDC-PTX and UDC-PTX (CDC-PTX-PB and UDC-PTX-PB, respectively) were also prepared via a multistep synthesis for evaluating their ability to enter tumor cells. CDC-PTX-PB and UDC-PTX-PB flow cytometry clearly showed that both CDCA and UDCA conjugation to PTX improved its incoming into HCT116 cells, allowing the derivatives to enter the cells up to 99.9%, respect to 35% in the case of PTX. Mean fluorescence intensity analysis of cell populations treated with CDC-PTX-PB and UDC-PTX-PB also suggested that CDC-PTX-PB could have a greater ability to pass the plasmatic membrane than UDC-PTX-PB. Both hybrids showed significant lower toxicity with respect to PTX on the NIH-3T3 cell line.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Melloni
- Department of Translational Medicine and LTTA Centre, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (E.M.); (F.C.); (E.R.); (A.R.); (P.S.)
| | - Elena Marchesi
- Department of Environmental and Prevention Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy;
| | - Lorenzo Preti
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy;
| | - Fabio Casciano
- Department of Translational Medicine and LTTA Centre, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (E.M.); (F.C.); (E.R.); (A.R.); (P.S.)
- Interdepartmental Research Center for the Study of Multiple Sclerosis and Inflammatory and Degenerative Diseases of the Nervous System, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Erika Rimondi
- Department of Translational Medicine and LTTA Centre, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (E.M.); (F.C.); (E.R.); (A.R.); (P.S.)
| | - Arianna Romani
- Department of Translational Medicine and LTTA Centre, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (E.M.); (F.C.); (E.R.); (A.R.); (P.S.)
| | - Paola Secchiero
- Department of Translational Medicine and LTTA Centre, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (E.M.); (F.C.); (E.R.); (A.R.); (P.S.)
| | - Maria Luisa Navacchia
- Institute of Organic Synthesis and Photoreactivity, Italian National Research Council, 40129 Bologna, Italy
- Correspondence: (M.L.N.); (D.P.)
| | - Daniela Perrone
- Department of Environmental and Prevention Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy;
- Correspondence: (M.L.N.); (D.P.)
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Haider S, Penfornis P, Claudio PP, McChesney JD, Chittiboyina AG. Balancing the efficacy vs. the toxicity of promiscuous natural products: Paclitaxel-based acid-labile lipophilic prodrugs as promising chemotherapeutics. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 227:113891. [PMID: 34656042 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
TumorSelect® is an anticancer technology that combines cytotoxics, nanotechnology, and knowledge of human physiology to develop innovative therapeutic interventions with minimal undesirable side effects commonly observed in conventional chemotherapy. Tumors have a voracious appetite for cholesterol which facilitates tumor growth and fuels their proliferation. We have transformed this need into a stealth delivery system to disguise and deliver anticancer drugs with the assistance of both the human body and the tumor cell. Several designer prodrugs are incorporated within pseudo-LDL nanoparticles, which carry them to tumor tissues, are taken up, internalized, transformed into active drugs, and inhibit cancer cell proliferation. Highly lipophilic prodrug conjugates of paclitaxel suitable for incorporation into the pseudo-LDL nanoparticles of the TumorSelect® delivery vehicle formulation were designed, synthesized, and evaluated in the panel of 24-h NCI-60 human tumor cell line screening to demonstrate the power of such an innovative approach. Taxane prodrugs, viz., ART-207 was synthesized by tethering paclitaxel to lipid moiety with the aid of a racemic solketal as a linker in cost-effective, simple, and straightforward synthetic transformations. In addition to the typical 24-h NCI screening protocol, these compounds were assessed for growth inhibition or killing of ovarian cell lines for 48 and 72h-time intervals and identified the long-lasting effectiveness of these lipophilic prodrugs. All possible, enantiomerically pure isomers of ART-207 were also synthesized, and cytotoxicities were biosimilar to racemic ART-207, suggesting that enantiopurity of linker has a negligible effect on cell proliferation. To substantiate further, ART-207 was evaluated for its in vivo tumor reduction efficacy by studying the xenograft model of ovarian cancer grown in SCID mice. Reduced weight loss (a measure of toxicity) in the ART-207 group was observed, even though it was dosed at 2.5x the paclitaxel equivalent of Abraxane®. As a result, our delineated approach is anticipated to improve patient quality of life, patient retention in treatment regimes, post-treatment rapid recovery, and overall patient compliance without compromising the efficacy of the cytotoxic promiscuous natural products.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/chemical synthesis
- Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/chemistry
- Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/pharmacology
- Biological Products/chemical synthesis
- Biological Products/chemistry
- Biological Products/pharmacology
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Cell Survival/drug effects
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Humans
- Hydrogen-Ion Concentration
- Mice
- Mice, Congenic
- Mice, Inbred NOD
- Mice, SCID
- Molecular Conformation
- Neoplasms, Experimental/drug therapy
- Neoplasms, Experimental/pathology
- Paclitaxel/chemical synthesis
- Paclitaxel/chemistry
- Paclitaxel/pharmacology
- Prodrugs/chemical synthesis
- Prodrugs/chemistry
- Prodrugs/pharmacology
- Structure-Activity Relationship
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
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Affiliation(s)
- Saqlain Haider
- National Center for Natural Products Research, University of Mississippi, University, MS, 38677, USA
| | - Patrice Penfornis
- National Center for Natural Products Research, University of Mississippi, University, MS, 38677, USA; Cancer Center and Research Institute, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 North State St., Jackson, MS, 39216, USA
| | - Pier Paolo Claudio
- National Center for Natural Products Research, University of Mississippi, University, MS, 38677, USA; Cancer Center and Research Institute, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 North State St., Jackson, MS, 39216, USA; Department of BioMolecular Sciences, University of Mississippi, University, MS, 38677, USA
| | | | - Amar G Chittiboyina
- National Center for Natural Products Research, University of Mississippi, University, MS, 38677, USA.
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Tian X, Bera H, Guo X, Xu R, Sun J, He Z, Cun D, Yang M. Pulmonary Delivery of Reactive Oxygen Species/Glutathione-Responsive Paclitaxel Dimeric Nanoparticles Improved Therapeutic Indices against Metastatic Lung Cancer. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2021; 13:56858-56872. [PMID: 34806372 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c16351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Chemotherapeutics often failed to elicit optimal antitumor responses against lung cancer due to their limited exposure and accumulation in tumors. To achieve an effective therapeutic outcome of paclitaxel (PTX) against metastatic lung cancer with attenuated systemic and local toxicities, pulmonary delivery of redox-responsive PTX dimeric nanoparticles (NPs) was introduced. PTX dimers conjugated through variable lengths of diacid linkers containing disulfide bonds (-SS-) (i.e., α-PTX-SS-PTX, β-PTX-SS-PTX, and γ-PTX-SS-PTX) were initially synthesized and were subsequently self-assembled into uniform nanosized particles in the presence of vitamin E TPGS with high drug loading capacity (DE > 97%). Among various redox-sensitive scaffolds, β-PTX-SS-PTX NPs exhibited an optimal reactive oxygen species/glutathione-responsive drug release behavior, causing a lower local toxicity profile of PTX in the lungs. The scaffolds also demonstrated excellent colloidal stability, cellular uptake efficiency, and discriminating cytotoxicity between cancer and healthy cells. Further, they depicted an improved lung retention as compared to the control nanovesicles (β-PTX-CC-PTX) devoid of the redox-sensitive disulfide motif. In the B16F10 melanoma metastatic lung cancer mouse model, intratracheally delivered β-PTX-SS-PTX NPs exhibited a stronger anticancer potential with reduced systemic toxicity as compared to Taxol intravenous injection containing an equivalent PTX dose. The PTX dimeric NPs could also dramatically reduce the local toxicity relative to Taxol following their pulmonary delivery. Thus, this study presents redox-responsive PTX dimeric NPs as a promising nanomedicine for improved therapeutic efficacy against metastatic lung cancer.
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MESH Headings
- A549 Cells
- Animals
- Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/chemical synthesis
- Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/chemistry
- Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/pharmacology
- Biomimetic Materials/chemical synthesis
- Biomimetic Materials/chemistry
- Biomimetic Materials/pharmacology
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Cell Survival/drug effects
- Cells, Cultured
- Dimerization
- Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor
- Glutathione/metabolism
- Humans
- Lung Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Lung Neoplasms/metabolism
- Lung Neoplasms/pathology
- Male
- Materials Testing
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Molecular Structure
- Nanoparticles/chemistry
- Neoplasms, Experimental/drug therapy
- Neoplasms, Experimental/metabolism
- Neoplasms, Experimental/pathology
- Paclitaxel/chemical synthesis
- Paclitaxel/chemistry
- Paclitaxel/pharmacology
- Rats
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Xidong Tian
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road No. 103, 10016 Shenyang, China
| | - Hriday Bera
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road No. 103, 10016 Shenyang, China
| | - Xiong Guo
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road No. 103, 10016 Shenyang, China
| | - Ruizhao Xu
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road No. 103, 10016 Shenyang, China
| | - Jin Sun
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road No. 103, 10016 Shenyang, China
| | - Zhonggui He
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road No. 103, 10016 Shenyang, China
| | - Dongmei Cun
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road No. 103, 10016 Shenyang, China
| | - Mingshi Yang
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road No. 103, 10016 Shenyang, China
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
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Li Y, Yang M, Zhao Y, Li L, Xu W. Preparation and in vitro evaluation of amphiphilic paclitaxel small molecule prodrugs and enhancement of oral absorption. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 215:113276. [PMID: 33611186 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
A series of novel amphiphilic paclitaxel (PTX) small molecule prodrugs, PTX-succinic anhydride-cystamine (PTX-Cys), PTX-dithiodipropionic anhydride (PTX-SS-COOH) and PTX-succinic anhydride-cystamine-valine (PTX-SS-Val) were designed, synthesized and evaluated against cancer cell lines. Compared with paclitaxel, these prodrugs contained water-soluble groups such as amino, carboxyl and amino acid, which improved the aqueous solubility of the prodrugs. More importantly, the valine was introduced in PTX-SS-Val molecule and made the molecule conform to the structural characteristics of intestinal oligopeptide transporter PEPT1 substrate. Thus the oral bioavailability of prodrug could be improved because of the mediation of PEPT1 transporter. These small molecule paclitaxel prodrugs could self-assemble into nanoparticles in aqueous solution, which effectively improved the solubility of paclitaxel, and had certain stability in pH 6.5, pH 7.4 buffer solutions and simulated gastrointestinal fluids. Some of these prodrugs, especially for PTX-Cys and PTX-SS-Val, exhibited nearly equal or slightly better anticancer activity when compared to paclitaxel. Further studies on PTX-Cys and PTX-SS-Val showed that both had good intestinal absorption in the rat single-pass intestinal perfusion (SPIP) experiments. Oral pharmacokinetic experiments showed that PTX-SS-Val could effectively improve the oral bioavailability of PTX.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Li
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 Wenhuaxi Road, Jinan, Shandong Province, 250012, China
| | - Min Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 Wenhuaxi Road, Jinan, Shandong Province, 250012, China
| | - Yanli Zhao
- Shandong Mental Health Center, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Lingbing Li
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 Wenhuaxi Road, Jinan, Shandong Province, 250012, China.
| | - Wei Xu
- Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, The First Hospital Affiliated with Shandong First Medical University, China; Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, China.
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Oda CMR, Silva JDO, Fernandes RS, Braga AV, Machado RDR, Coelho MDM, Cassali GD, Reis DC, de Barros ALB, Leite EA. Encapsulating paclitaxel in polymeric nanomicelles increases antitumor activity and prevents peripheral neuropathy. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 132:110864. [PMID: 33254426 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 09/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Paclitaxel (PTX) has a great clinical significance as an antitumor drug, although several side effects are strongly dose-limiting. In this way, we prepared a PTX-loaded 1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine-N-[methoxy (polyethylene glycol)-2000] polymeric micelles (PM/PTX) in an attempt to improve safety and effectiveness of conventional PTX formulation (CrEL/EtOH/PTX). In this study, we evaluated from both formulations: stability after dilution, hemocompatibility, cellular uptake, acute toxicity in healthy mice, antitumor activity, and toxicity after multiple-dose treatment. PM/PTX appeared to be more stable than CrEL/EtOH/PTX after dilution. PM/PTX did not exhibit hemolytic activity (values <1%), even at high concentrations. In vitro cellular uptake study indicated that polymeric micelles were able to deliver more PTX (5.8 %) than CrEL/EtOH (2.7 %) to 4T1 cells. In the acute toxicity evaluation in healthy mice, CrEL/EtOH/PTX (single dose of 20 mg/kg) induced peripheral neuropathy, which was not observed in PM/PTX group. Similar results were observed after tumor-bearing mice received a multiple-dose regimen (seven doses of 10 mg/kg). Worth mentioning, we also evaluated vehicles, and CrEL/EtOH alone was not capable of inducing neuropathic pain. Besides, PM/PTX exhibited a higher antitumor activity with an inhibition ratio approximately 1.5-fold higher than CrEL/EtOH/PTX group. This study suggested that PM/PTX is safer than CrEL/EtOH/PTX, and was able to improve the antitumor effectiveness in a 4T1 breast cancer model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Mari Ramos Oda
- Department of Pharmaceutical Products, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Juliana de Oliveira Silva
- Department of Pharmaceutical Products, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Renata Salgado Fernandes
- Department of Pharmaceutical Products, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Alysson Vinícius Braga
- Department of Pharmaceutical Products, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Renes de Resende Machado
- Department of Pharmaceutical Products, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Márcio de Matos Coelho
- Department of Pharmaceutical Products, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Geovanni Dantas Cassali
- Department of General Pathology, Biological Science Institute, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Diego Carlos Reis
- Department of General Pathology, Biological Science Institute, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - André Luís Branco de Barros
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Elaine Amaral Leite
- Department of Pharmaceutical Products, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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Liu Y, Ma X, Zhou M, Hao X, Zhu X. An effective method to produce 7-epitaxol from taxol in HCO 3.. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2020; 30:127285. [PMID: 32527458 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2020.127285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2020] [Revised: 05/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
It is known that 7-epitaxol has much stronger cytotoxicity than taxol does. However, the content of 7-epitaxol in yew is much less than taxol, which makes it more costly to obtain. We describe here a method to effectively convert taxol to 7-epitaxol. The key condition for reaction needs NaHCO3 in solvent acetonitrile (ACN). The conversion rate can be over 82%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjie Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering Drug and Biotechnology, Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, PR China
| | - Xiaoyu Ma
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering Drug and Biotechnology, Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, PR China
| | - Mengkai Zhou
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering Drug and Biotechnology, Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, PR China
| | - Xiaoran Hao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering Drug and Biotechnology, Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, PR China
| | - Xudong Zhu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering Drug and Biotechnology, Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, PR China.
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7
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Zeng W, Guo P, Jiang P, Liu W, Hong T, Chen C. Combination of microfluidic chip and electrostatic atomization for the preparation of drug-loaded core-shell nanoparticles. Nanotechnology 2020; 31:145301. [PMID: 31841998 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ab6236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
To overcome the shortcoming of drug-loaded nanoparticles, such as high initial burst release and wide size distribution, a novel manufacturing technique for core-shell structure nanoparticle was developed by combining microfluidic chip and electrohydrodynamic atomization. In this study, the mixture solution of the surfactant 1, 2- dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoglycerol and the polymeric coating material polylactic-glycolic-acid was introduced into the outer microchannel of the microfluidic chip as the particle's shell. And the encapsulated drug paclitaxel was pumped into the inner microchannel as the core. Then, the particles with a nanoscale-size core-shell structure were generated by applying an electric field on the laminar flow which was formed in the microfluidic chip. Operation parameters, including working voltage, carrier material and surfactant concentration as well as liquid flow rates were optimized for nanoparticles generation. The properties of drug-loaded nanoparticles in terms of their particle size, zeta potential and encapsulation efficiency were investigated. Under the optimal experimental conditions, the particle size was approximately 145 nm and encapsulation efficiency reached 92%. Moreover, the drug release of these nanoparticles could be prolonged over a significant period for more than ten days. It can be expected that this innovative approach could provide a useful platform for drug-loaded core-shell nanoparticles developing.
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Jeevarathinam AS, Lemaster JE, Chen F, Zhao E, Jokerst JV. Photoacoustic Imaging Quantifies Drug Release from Nanocarriers via Redox Chemistry of Dye-Labeled Cargo. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:4678-4683. [PMID: 31840357 PMCID: PMC7101078 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201914120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
We report a new approach to monitor drug release from nanocarriers via a paclitaxel-methylene blue conjugate (PTX-MB) with redox activity. This construct is in a photoacoustically silent reduced state inside poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles (PTX-MB@PLGA NPs). During release, PTX-MB is spontaneously oxidized to produce a concentration-dependent photoacoustic signal. An in vitro drug-release study showed an initial burst release (25 %) between 0-24 h and a sustained release between 24-120 h with a cumulative release of 40.6 % and a 670-fold increase in photoacoustic signal. An in vivo murine drug release showed a photoacoustic signal enhancement of up to 649 % after 10 hours. PTX-MB@PLGA NPs showed an IC50 of 78 μg mL-1 and 44.7±4.8 % decrease of tumor burden in an orthotopic model of colon cancer via luciferase-positive CT26 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jeanne E. Lemaster
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Fang Chen
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Eric Zhao
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Jesse V. Jokerst
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
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9
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El-Sayed ASA, Fathalla M, Yassin MA, Zein N, Morsy S, Sitohy M, Sitohy B. Conjugation of Aspergillus flavipes Taxol with Porphyrin Increases the Anticancer Activity of Taxol and Ameliorates Its Cytotoxic Effects. Molecules 2020; 25:E263. [PMID: 31936458 PMCID: PMC7024149 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25020263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2019] [Revised: 12/14/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Taxol is one of the potential anticancer drugs; however, the yield of Taxol and its cytotoxicity are common challenges. Thus, manipulating the Taxol biosynthetic pathway from endophytic fungi, in addition to chemical modification with biocompatible polymers, is the challenge. Four fungal isolates, namely, Aspergillus flavipes, A. terreus, A. flavus, and A. parasiticus, were selected from our previous study as potential Taxol producers, and their potency for Taxol production was evaluated in response to fluconazole and silver nitrate. A higher Taxol yield was reported in the cultures of A. flavipes (185 µg/L) and A. terreus (66 µg/L). With addition of fluconazole, the yield of Taxol was increased 1.8 and 1.2-fold for A. flavipes and A. terreus, respectively, confirming the inhibition of sterol biosynthesis and redirecting the geranyl phosphate pool to terpenoids synthesis. A significant inhibition of ergosterol biosynthesis by A. flavipes with addition of fluconazole was observed, correlating with the increase on Taxol yield. To increase the Taxol solubility and to reduce its cytotoxicity, Taxol was modified via chemical conjugation with porphyrin, and the degree of conjugation was checked from the Thin layer chromatography and UV spectral analysis. The antiproliferative activity of native and modified Taxol conjugates was evaluated; upon porphyrin conjugation, the activity of Taxol towards HepG2 was increased 1.5-fold, while its cytotoxicity to VERO cells was reduced 3-fold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashraf S. A. El-Sayed
- Enzymology and Fungal Biotechnology Lab, Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt;
| | - Maher Fathalla
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt; (M.F.); (N.Z.); (S.M.)
| | - Marwa A. Yassin
- Enzymology and Fungal Biotechnology Lab, Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt;
| | - Nabila Zein
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt; (M.F.); (N.Z.); (S.M.)
| | - Shaima Morsy
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt; (M.F.); (N.Z.); (S.M.)
| | - Mahmoud Sitohy
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt;
| | - Basel Sitohy
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Infection and Immunology, Umeå University, SE-90185 Umeå, Sweden;
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Oncology, Umeå University, SE-90185 Umeå, Sweden
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10
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Wang Y, Shen N, Sakurai K, Tang Z. Multi-Stimuli-Responsive Polymeric Prodrug for Enhanced Cancer Treatment. Macromol Biosci 2019; 19:e1900329. [PMID: 31747119 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201900329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Revised: 10/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Accomplishing efficient delivery of a nanomedicine to the tumor site will encounter two contradictions as follows: 1) a contradiction between prolonged circulation time and endocytosis by cancer cells; 2) a dilemma between the stability of nanomedicine during blood circulation and intracellular drug release. While developing a nanomedicine which can solve the above two contradictions simultaneously is still a challenge, here, a multi-stimuli-responsive polymeric prodrug (PLys-co-(PLys-DA)-co-(PLys-SS-PTX))-b-PLGLAG-mPEG (P-PEP-SS-PTX-DA) is synthesized which is multi-sensitive to overexpressed matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2), low pH, and high concentration of glutathione in tumors. The P-PEP-SS-PTX-DA can be dePEGylated and reversed from negative at normal physiological pH to positive charge at tumor extracellular microenvironment; in this way, it can solve the contradiction between prolonged circulation time and endocytosis by cancer cells. Owing to the high reductive conditions in cancer cells, P-PEP-SS-PTX-DA is ruptured to release paclitaxel (PTX) intracellular efficiently; therefore, it can resolve the dilemma between the stability of nanomedicine during blood circulation and intracellular drug release. These indicate that the multi-stimuli-responsive polymeric prodrug has potential application prospects in drug delivery and cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Wang
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Na Shen
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, P. R. China
| | - Kazuo Sakurai
- The University of Kitakyushu, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 1-1, Hibikino, Wakamatsu-ku, Kitakyushu, 808-0135, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Zhaohui Tang
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, P. R. China
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11
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Kim SG, Ryplida B, Phuong PTM, Won HJ, Lee G, Bhang SH, Park SY. Reduction-Triggered Paclitaxel Release Nano-Hybrid System Based on Core-Crosslinked Polymer Dots with a pH-Responsive Shell-Cleavable Colorimetric Biosensor. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E5368. [PMID: 31661903 PMCID: PMC6862247 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20215368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Revised: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Herein, we describe the fabrication and characterization of carbonized disulfide core-crosslinked polymer dots with pH-cleavable colorimetric nanosensors, based on diol dye-conjugated fluorescent polymer dots (L-PD), for reduction-triggered paclitaxel (PTX) release during fluorescence imaging-guided chemotherapy of tumors. L-PD were loaded with PTX (PTX loaded L-PD), via π-π stackings or hydrophobic interactions, for selective theragnosis by enhanced release of PTX after the cleavage of disulfide bonds by high concentration of glutathione (GSH) in a tumor. The nano-hybrid system showed fluorescence quenching behavior with less than 2% of PTX released under physiological conditions. However, in a tumor microenvironment, the fluorescence recovered at an acidic-pH, and PTX (approximately 100% of the drug release) was released efficiently out of the matrix by reduction caused by the GSH level in the tumor cells, which improved the effectiveness of the cancer treatment. Therefore, the colorimetric nanosensor showed promising potential in distinguishing between normal and cancerous tissues depending on the surrounding pH and GSH concentrations so that PTX can be selectively delivered into cancer cells for improved cancer diagnosis and chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seul Gi Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea National University of Transportation, Chungju 380-702, Korea.
| | - Benny Ryplida
- Department of Green Bio Engineering, Korea National University of Transportation, Chungju 380-702, Korea.
| | - Pham Thi My Phuong
- Department of Green Bio Engineering, Korea National University of Transportation, Chungju 380-702, Korea.
| | - Hyun Jeong Won
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea National University of Transportation, Chungju 380-702, Korea.
| | - Gibaek Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea National University of Transportation, Chungju 380-702, Korea.
| | - Suk Ho Bhang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea.
| | - Sung Young Park
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea National University of Transportation, Chungju 380-702, Korea.
- Department of Green Bio Engineering, Korea National University of Transportation, Chungju 380-702, Korea.
- Department of IT Convergence, Korea National University of Transportation, Chungju 380-702, Korea.
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12
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Chakroun RW, Wang F, Lin R, Wang Y, Su H, Pompa D, Cui H. Fine-Tuning the Linear Release Rate of Paclitaxel-Bearing Supramolecular Filament Hydrogels through Molecular Engineering. ACS Nano 2019; 13:7780-7790. [PMID: 31117370 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b01689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
One key design feature in the development of any local drug delivery system is the controlled release of therapeutic agents over a certain period of time. In this context, we report the characteristic feature of a supramolecular filament hydrogel system that enables a linear and sustainable drug release over the period of several months. Through covalent linkage with a short peptide sequence, we are able to convert an anticancer drug, paclitaxel (PTX), to a class of prodrug hydrogelators with varying critical gelation concentrations. These self-assembling PTX prodrugs associate into filamentous nanostructures in aqueous conditions and consequently percolate into a supramolecular filament network in the presence of appropriate counterions. The intriguing linear drug release profile is rooted in the supramolecular nature of the self-assembling filaments which maintain a constant monomer concentration at the gelation conditions. We found that molecular engineering of the prodrug design, such as varying the number of oppositely charged amino acids or through the incorporation of hydrophobic segments, allows for the fine-tuning of the PTX linear release rate. In cell studies, these PTX prodrugs can exert effective cytotoxicity against glioblastoma cell lines and also primary brain cancer cells derived from patients and show enhanced tumor penetration in a cancer spheroid model. We believe this drug-bearing hydrogel platform offers an exciting opportunity for the local treatment of human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rami W Chakroun
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, and Institute for NanoBiotechnology , The Johns Hopkins University , 3400 North Charles Street , Baltimore , Maryland 21218 , United States
| | - Feihu Wang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, and Institute for NanoBiotechnology , The Johns Hopkins University , 3400 North Charles Street , Baltimore , Maryland 21218 , United States
| | - Ran Lin
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, and Institute for NanoBiotechnology , The Johns Hopkins University , 3400 North Charles Street , Baltimore , Maryland 21218 , United States
| | - Yin Wang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, and Institute for NanoBiotechnology , The Johns Hopkins University , 3400 North Charles Street , Baltimore , Maryland 21218 , United States
| | - Hao Su
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, and Institute for NanoBiotechnology , The Johns Hopkins University , 3400 North Charles Street , Baltimore , Maryland 21218 , United States
| | - Danielle Pompa
- Department of Biomedical Engineering , University of Utah , 201 Presidents Circle , Salt Lake City , Utah 84112 , United States
| | - Honggang Cui
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, and Institute for NanoBiotechnology , The Johns Hopkins University , 3400 North Charles Street , Baltimore , Maryland 21218 , United States
- Department of Oncology and Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center , Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore , Maryland 21205 , United States
- Center for Nanomedicine, The Wilmer Eye Institute , Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , 400 North Broadway , Baltimore , Maryland 21231 , United States
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Mao Y, Zhang Y, Luo Z, Zhan R, Xu H, Chen W, Huang H. Synthesis, Biological Evaluation and Low-Toxic Formulation Development of Glycosylated Paclitaxel Prodrugs. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23123211. [PMID: 30563132 PMCID: PMC6321537 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23123211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Revised: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Paclitaxel (PTX) is a famous anti-cancer drug with poor aqueous solubility. In clinical practices, Cremophor EL (polyethoxylated castor oil), a toxic surfactant, is used for dissolution of PTX, which accounts for serious side effects. In the present study, a single glucose-conjugated PTX prodrug (SG-PTX) and a double glucose-conjugated PTX prodrug (DG-PTX) were synthesized with a glycosylated strategy via succinate linkers. Both of the two prodrugs presented significant solubility improvement and drug-like lipophilicities. Compared to DG-PTX, SG-PTX manifested more promising release of the parent drug in serum. A high percentage of PTX released from SG-PTX could be detected after enzymatic hydrolysis of β-glucuronidase. Besides, both of the two prodrugs exhibited effective cytotoxicity against breast cancer cells and ovarian cancer cells, but presented reduced cytotoxicity against normal breast cells. Moreover, SG-PTX manifested impressive solubility in a low toxic formulation (without ethanol) with a different percentage of Cremophor EL. These results indicated that glycosylation is a promising strategy for PTX modification and SG-PTX may be a feasible and potential type of PTX prodrug. In addition, ethanol-free formulation with a low percentage of Cremophor EL might have the potential to develop a safer formulation for further studies of glycosylated PTX prodrugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukang Mao
- Research Center of Chinese Herbal Resource Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China.
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Resource from Lingnan (Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510006, China.
- Joint Laboratory of National Engineering Research Center for the Pharmaceutics of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Yili Zhang
- Research Center of Chinese Herbal Resource Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China.
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Resource from Lingnan (Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510006, China.
- Joint Laboratory of National Engineering Research Center for the Pharmaceutics of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Zheng Luo
- Research Center of Chinese Herbal Resource Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China.
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Resource from Lingnan (Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510006, China.
- Joint Laboratory of National Engineering Research Center for the Pharmaceutics of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Ruoting Zhan
- Research Center of Chinese Herbal Resource Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China.
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Resource from Lingnan (Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510006, China.
- Joint Laboratory of National Engineering Research Center for the Pharmaceutics of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Hui Xu
- Research Center of Chinese Herbal Resource Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China.
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Resource from Lingnan (Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510006, China.
- Joint Laboratory of National Engineering Research Center for the Pharmaceutics of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Weiwen Chen
- Research Center of Chinese Herbal Resource Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China.
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Resource from Lingnan (Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510006, China.
- Joint Laboratory of National Engineering Research Center for the Pharmaceutics of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Huicai Huang
- Research Center of Chinese Herbal Resource Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China.
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Resource from Lingnan (Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510006, China.
- Joint Laboratory of National Engineering Research Center for the Pharmaceutics of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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14
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You LF, Wei T, Zheng QW, Lin JF, Guo LQ, Jiang BH, Huang JJ. Activity Essential Residue Analysis of Taxoid 10β-O-Acetyl Transferase for Enzymatic Synthesis of Baccatin. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2018; 186:949-959. [PMID: 29797298 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-018-2789-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Taxoid 10β-O-acetyl transferase (DBAT) is a key enzyme in the biosynthesis of the famous anticancer drug paclitaxel, which catalyses the formation of baccatin III from 10-deacetylbaccatin III (10-DAB). However, the activity essential residues of the enzyme are still unknown, and the acylation mechanism from its natural substrate 10-deacetylbaccatin III and acetyl CoA to baccatin III remains unclear. In this study, the homology modelling, molecular docking, site-directed mutagenesis, and kinetic parameter determination of the enzyme were carried out. The results showed that the enzyme mutant DBATH162A resulted in complete loss of enzymatic activity, suggesting that the residue histidine at 162 was essential to DBAT activity. Residues D166 and R363 which were located in the pocket of the enzyme by homology modelling and molecular docking were also important for DBAT activity through the site-directed mutations. Furthermore, four amino acid residues including S31 and D34 from motif SXXD, D372 and G376 from motif DFGWG also played important roles on acylation. This was the first report of the elucidation of the activity essential residues of DBAT, making it possible for the further structural-based re-design of the enzyme for efficient biotransformation of baccatin III and paclitaxel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin-Feng You
- College of Food Science & Institute of Food Biotechnology, South China Agricultural University, 483 Wu-Shan Road, Tian-He District, Guangzhou, 510640, Guangdong, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Functional Organic Molecule, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Chongqing, 400067, China
| | - Tao Wei
- College of Food Science & Institute of Food Biotechnology, South China Agricultural University, 483 Wu-Shan Road, Tian-He District, Guangzhou, 510640, Guangdong, China
- Research Center for Micro-Ecological Agent Engineering and Technology of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, 510640, Guangdong, China
| | - Qian-Wang Zheng
- College of Food Science & Institute of Food Biotechnology, South China Agricultural University, 483 Wu-Shan Road, Tian-He District, Guangzhou, 510640, Guangdong, China
- Research Center for Micro-Ecological Agent Engineering and Technology of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, 510640, Guangdong, China
| | - Jun-Fang Lin
- College of Food Science & Institute of Food Biotechnology, South China Agricultural University, 483 Wu-Shan Road, Tian-He District, Guangzhou, 510640, Guangdong, China.
- Research Center for Micro-Ecological Agent Engineering and Technology of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, 510640, Guangdong, China.
| | - Li-Qiong Guo
- College of Food Science & Institute of Food Biotechnology, South China Agricultural University, 483 Wu-Shan Road, Tian-He District, Guangzhou, 510640, Guangdong, China.
- Research Center for Micro-Ecological Agent Engineering and Technology of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, 510640, Guangdong, China.
| | - Bing-Hua Jiang
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
| | - Jia-Jun Huang
- College of Food Science & Institute of Food Biotechnology, South China Agricultural University, 483 Wu-Shan Road, Tian-He District, Guangzhou, 510640, Guangdong, China
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15
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Xu PP, Li QF, Cui YM, Lin HX. Synthesis and anti-inflammatory evaluation of novel paclitaxel analogs. J Asian Nat Prod Res 2017; 19:803-822. [PMID: 27756149 DOI: 10.1080/10286020.2016.1236793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A series of paclitaxel analogs modified at C-3'-N and C-7 positions were synthesized from baccatin III and their structures were confirmed by 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, HR-MS. Compound 7e exhibited potent ability to decrease TNFα (tumor necrosis factor α) in the LPS-activated RAW264.7 murine macrophage-like cell line. The preliminary data indicated that the anti-inflammatory effects may be related to MD-2 and Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), rather than Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2).
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Pei Xu
- a Department of Chemistry , Innovative Drug Research Center, College of Sciences, Shanghai University , Shanghai 200444 , China
| | - Qing-Feng Li
- a Department of Chemistry , Innovative Drug Research Center, College of Sciences, Shanghai University , Shanghai 200444 , China
| | - Yong-Mei Cui
- a Department of Chemistry , Innovative Drug Research Center, College of Sciences, Shanghai University , Shanghai 200444 , China
| | - Hai-Xia Lin
- a Department of Chemistry , Innovative Drug Research Center, College of Sciences, Shanghai University , Shanghai 200444 , China
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16
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Zou J, Zhang F, Zhang S, Pollack SF, Elsabahy M, Fan J, Wooley KL. Poly(ethylene oxide)-block-polyphosphoester-graft-paclitaxel conjugates with acid-labile linkages as a pH-sensitive and functional nanoscopic platform for paclitaxel delivery. Adv Healthc Mater 2014; 3:441-8. [PMID: 23997013 PMCID: PMC3938983 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201300235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2013] [Revised: 07/31/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
There has been an increasing interest to develop new types of stimuli-responsive drug delivery vehicles with high drug loading and controlled release properties for chemotherapeutics. An acid-labile poly(ethylene oxide)-block-polyphosphoester-graft-PTX drug conjugate (PEO-b-PPE-g-PTX G2) degradable, polymeric paclitaxel (PTX) conjugate containing ultra-high levels of PTX loading is improved significantly, in this second-generation development, which involves connection of each PTX molecule to the polymer backbone via a pH-sensitive β-thiopropionate linkage. The PEO-b-PPE-g-PTX G2 forms well-defined nanoparticles in an aqueous solution, by direct dissolution into water, with a number-averaged hydrodynamic diameter of 114 ± 31 nm, and exhibits a PTX loading capacity as high as 53 wt%, with a maximum PTX concentration of 0.68 mg mL(-1) in water (vs 1.7 μg mL(-1) for free PTX). The PEO-b-PPE-g-PTX G2 shows accelerated drug release under acidic conditions (≈50 wt% PTX released in 8 d) compared with neutral conditions (≈20 wt% PTX released in 8 d). Compared to previously reported polyphosphoester-based PTX drug conjugates, PEO-b-PPE-g-PTX G1 without the β-thiopropionate linker, the PEO-b-PPE-g-PTX G2 shows pH-triggered drug release property and 5- to 8-fold enhanced in vitro cytotoxicity against two cancer cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiong Zou
- Departments of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Laboratory for Synthetic-Biologic Interactions, Texas A&M University, P.O. Box 30012, 3255 TAMU, College Station, TX 77842, USA
| | - Fuwu Zhang
- Departments of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Laboratory for Synthetic-Biologic Interactions, Texas A&M University, P.O. Box 30012, 3255 TAMU, College Station, TX 77842, USA
| | - Shiyi Zhang
- Departments of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Laboratory for Synthetic-Biologic Interactions, Texas A&M University, P.O. Box 30012, 3255 TAMU, College Station, TX 77842, USA
| | - Stephanie F. Pollack
- Departments of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Laboratory for Synthetic-Biologic Interactions, Texas A&M University, P.O. Box 30012, 3255 TAMU, College Station, TX 77842, USA
| | - Mahmoud Elsabahy
- Departments of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Laboratory for Synthetic-Biologic Interactions, Texas A&M University, P.O. Box 30012, 3255 TAMU, College Station, TX 77842, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Jingwei Fan
- Departments of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Laboratory for Synthetic-Biologic Interactions, Texas A&M University, P.O. Box 30012, 3255 TAMU, College Station, TX 77842, USA
| | - Karen L. Wooley
- Departments of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Laboratory for Synthetic-Biologic Interactions, Texas A&M University, P.O. Box 30012, 3255 TAMU, College Station, TX 77842, USA
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de Fátima A, Terra BS, da Silva CM, da Silva DL, Araujo DP, da Silva Neto L, Nascimento de Aquino RA. From nature to market: examples of natural products that became drugs. Recent Pat Biotechnol 2014; 8:76-88. [PMID: 24354526 DOI: 10.2174/1872208307666131220163108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2012] [Revised: 11/25/2012] [Accepted: 12/03/2012] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Nature is an irrefutable source of inspiration for the modern man in many aspects. The observation and understanding of nature have allowed the development of new materials, new sources of energies, new drugs etc. Specifically, natural products provide a great contribution to the development of new agents for the treatment of infections and antitumor agents. However, obtaining natural products directly from animals, fungi, bacteria, plants etc has been considered not enough to attend the high demand by pharmaceutical industries. In this regard, various strategies based on biotechnological processes or synthetic approaches have been developed. In this scenario the total synthesis can be undoubtedly a useful and powerful tool for obtaining higher amounts of natural products and/or structural modifications thereof. Herein, we emphasize successful examples of total synthesis of galanthamine, morphine, paclitaxel and podophyllotoxin - natural products approved as pharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Roney Anderson Nascimento de Aquino
- Grupo de Estudos em Química Organica e Biologica (GEQOB), Departamento de Quimica, ICEx, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270-901, Brazil.
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18
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Gao F, Wang D, Huang X. Synthesis, isolation, stereostructure and cytotoxicity of paclitaxel analogs from cephalomannine. Fitoterapia 2013; 90:79-84. [PMID: 23876369 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2013.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2013] [Revised: 07/09/2013] [Accepted: 07/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Four paclitaxel derivatives were afforded by preparative HPLC separation of two pairs of diastereoisomers, which were obtained by catalytic hydrogenation and epoxidation of the C-13 side-chain double bond of cephalomannine, a naturally occurring paclitaxel analog. The four paclitaxel derivatives were analyzed using NMR, CD spectroscopy, and side-chain hydrolysis in order to measure their optical rotations and GC characteristics. In this way, the stereoconfigurations of the products were determined. Evaluation of the compounds' activity indicated that they had differing cytotoxic activities: compound 5 had superior activity in BCG-823 tumor cells compared to paclitaxel, while compound 7 had superior activity in HCT-8 and A549 tumor cells compared to paclitaxel. These results indicate that the stereoconfiguration of the paclitaxel N-acyl side chain has a significant impact on its activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Gao
- Department of Chinese traditional herbal, Agronomy College, Sichuan Agricultural University, No.211, Huiming Road, Wenjiang Region, Chengdu 611130, China.
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19
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Abstract
Reaction of 10-deacetylbaccatin III (III) and its 7-TES derivative (IV) with DAST under various conditions resulted in the formation of an array of new fluorinated and non-fluorinated 13-keto taxoid compounds (2a–4a) through a vinylogous pinacol–pinacolone rearrangement. Further fluorination of some of these products (2a, 3a) with NFSi or Selectfluor gave additional derivatives. Sodium borohydride reduction of the 13-keto group of these products (2a, 2b, 3a, 3b, 4a, 8, 9, 11–14) led to a series of 9α-hydroxy taxoid derivatives, which were esterified using the docetaxel side chain employing the corresponding protected β-lactam, followed by deprotection to furnish a library of docetaxel analogs and related compounds. A selected number of synthesized compounds (7, 10, 19a, 19b, 21a, 21b, 23, 27, 29, 34–36) were submitted to the National Cancer Institute (NCI) 60 cell line screening program and tested for cytotoxic properties. Taxoids 19a, 19b, 21a, 21b, 23, 27, 29, 34 and 35 were found to exhibit significant anticancer activity against various cancerous cell lines with 23, 27, and 29 being the most potent compounds, demonstrating GI50 values of ≤5 nM in several assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyriacos C Nicolaou
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, USA.
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20
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Bahadur K C R, Xu P. Multicompartment intracellular self-expanding nanogel for targeted delivery of drug cocktail. Adv Mater 2012; 24:6479-6483. [PMID: 23001909 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201202687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2012] [Revised: 08/07/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
A nano cocktail, NCPD, fabricated from a pH and redox dual responsive polymer shows a multicompartment structure. The NCPD nanogel is stable in physiological environments while intracellular spontaneous swelling and fast releasing its payload. NCPD displays much stronger synergism than its free drug counterpart, which suggests that NCPD could greatly attenuate the side effects of drug cocktails while boosting synergistic anticancer effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Remant Bahadur K C
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, South Carolina College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, 715 Sumter, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
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21
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Abstract
Three different variants of photoactivatable caged paclitaxel (PTX) have been synthesized and their bioactivity was characterized in in vitro assays and in living cells. The caged PTXs contain the photoremovable chromophore 4,5-dimethoxy-2-nitrobenzyloxycarbonyl (Nvoc) attached to position C7, C2' and to both of these positions via a carbonate bond. Single caged PTXs remained biologically active even at low dosages. Double caging was necessary in order to fully inhibit its activity and to obtain a phototriggerable PTX that can be applied successfully at commonly used concentrations. Irradiation of solutions containing the double caged PTX allowed dose-dependent delivery of functional PTX. Light-triggered stabilization of microtubule assemblies in vitro and in vivo by controlled light exposure of tubulin solutions or cell cultures containing caged PTX was demonstrated. Short light exposure under a fluorescence microscope allowed controlled delivery of free PTX during imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hella Baumann
- Cancer Research United Kingdom, London Research Institute, Lincoln's Inn Fields Laboratories, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sandra Ritz
- Max-Planck-Institut für Polymerforschung, Mainz, Germany
| | - Volker Mailänder
- Max-Planck-Institut für Polymerforschung, Mainz, Germany
- 3rd Department of Medicine (Hematology, Oncology, and Pneumology), University Medical Center of Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Thomas Surrey
- Cancer Research United Kingdom, London Research Institute, Lincoln's Inn Fields Laboratories, London, United Kingdom
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22
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Zhao J, Bane S, Snyder JP, Hu H, Mukherjee K, Slebodnick C, Kingston DGI. Design and synthesis of simplified taxol analogs based on the T-Taxol bioactive conformation. Bioorg Med Chem 2011; 19:7664-78. [PMID: 22071526 PMCID: PMC3225578 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2011.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2011] [Revised: 09/30/2011] [Accepted: 10/05/2011] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
A series of compounds designed to adopt a conformation similar to the tubulin-binding T-Taxol conformation of the anticancer drug paclitaxel has been synthesized. Both the internally bridged analogs 37-39, 41 and the open-chain analogs 27-29 and 43 were prepared. The bridged analogs 37-39 and 41 were synthesized by Grubbs' metatheses of compounds 30-32 and 33, which, in turn, were prepared by coupling β-lactams 24-26 with alcohols 22 and 23. Both the bridged and the open-chain analogs showed moderate to good cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jielu Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, USA
| | - Susan Bane
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Binghamton, Binghamton, NY 13902
| | - James P. Snyder
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, 1515 Dickey Drive, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | - Haipeng Hu
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, 1515 Dickey Drive, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | - Kamalika Mukherjee
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Binghamton, Binghamton, NY 13902
| | - Carla Slebodnick
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, USA
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23
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Smith AB, Sugasawa K, Atasoylu O, Yang CPH, Horwitz SB. Design and synthesis of (+)-discodermolide-paclitaxel hybrids leading to enhanced biological activity. J Med Chem 2011; 54:6319-27. [PMID: 21870795 PMCID: PMC3174350 DOI: 10.1021/jm200692n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Potential binding modes of (+)-discodermolide at the paclitaxel binding site of tubulin have been identified by computational studies based on earlier structural and SAR data. Examination of the prospective binding modes reveal that the aromatic pocket occupied by the paclitaxel side chain is unoccupied by (+)-discodermolide. Based on these findings, a small library of (+)-discodermolide-paclitaxel hybrids have been designed and synthesized. Biological evaluation reveals a two- to eight-fold increase in antiproliferative activity compared to the parent molecule using the A549 and MCF-7 cancer cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amos B. Smith
- Department of Chemistry, Monell Chemical Senses Center and Laboratory for Research on the Structure of Matter, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
| | - Keizo Sugasawa
- Department of Chemistry, Monell Chemical Senses Center and Laboratory for Research on the Structure of Matter, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
| | - Onur Atasoylu
- Department of Chemistry, Monell Chemical Senses Center and Laboratory for Research on the Structure of Matter, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
| | - Chia-Ping Huang Yang
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461
| | - Susan Band Horwitz
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461
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24
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Paterson I, Naylor GJ, Gardner NM, Guzmán E, Wright AE. Total synthesis and biological evaluation of a series of macrocyclic hybrids and analogues of the antimitotic natural products dictyostatin, discodermolide, and taxol. Chem Asian J 2011; 6:459-73. [PMID: 21254424 PMCID: PMC3050503 DOI: 10.1002/asia.201000541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2010] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of a series of hybrids and analogues of the microtubule-stabilizing anticancer agents dictyostatin, discodermolide, and taxol is described. A 22-membered macrolide scaffold was prepared by adapting earlier synthetic routes directed towards dictyostatin and discodermolide, taking advantage of the distinctive structural and stereochemical similarities between these two polyketide-derived marine natural products. Initial endeavors towards accessing novel discodermolide/dictyostatin hybrids led to the adoption of a late-stage diversification strategy and the construction of a small library of methyl-ether derivatives, along with the first triple hybrids bearing the side-chain of taxol or taxotere attached through an ester linkage. Biological assays of the anti-proliferative activity of these compounds in a series of human cancer cell lines, including the taxol-resistant NCI/ADR-Res cell line, allowed the proposal of various structure-activity relationships. This led to the identification of a potent macrocyclic discodermolide/dictyostatin hybrid 12 and its C9 methoxy derivative 38, accessible by an efficient total synthesis and with a similar biological profile to dictyostatin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian Paterson
- University Chemical Laboratory, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW UK.
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25
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Abstract
A new approach to loading multiple drugs onto the same drug-delivery nanocarrier in a precisely controllable manner, by covalently preconjugating multiple therapeutic agents through hydrolyzable linkers to form drug conjugates, is reported. In contrast to loading individual types of drugs separately, this drug-conjugates strategy enables the loading of multiple drugs onto the same carrier with a predefined stoichiometric ratio. The cleavable linkers allow the therapeutic activity of the individual drugs to be resumed after the drug conjugates are delivered into the target cells and unloaded from the delivery vehicle. As a proof of concept, the synthesis and characterization of paclitaxel-gemcitabine conjugates are demonstrated. The time-dependent hydrolysis kinetics and cytotoxicity of the combinatorial drug conjugates against human pancreatic cancer cells are examined. It is shown that the synthesized drug conjugates can be readily encapsulated into a lipid-coated polymeric drug-delivery nanoparticle, which significantly improves the cytotoxicity of the drug conjugates as compared to the free drug conjugates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santosh Aryal
- Department of Nanoengineering University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
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26
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Abstract
The failure of solid tumors to respond to chemotherapy is a complicated and clinically frustrating issue. The ability to predict which tumors will respond to treatment could reduce the human and monetary costs of cancer therapy by allowing pro-active selection of a chemotherapeutic to which the tumor does not express resistance. PET/CT imaging with a radiolabeled form of paclitaxel, F-18 fluoropaclitaxel (FPAC), may be able to predict the uptake of paclitaxel in solid tumors, and as a substrate of P-glycoprotein, it may also predict which tumors exhibit multidrug resistance (MDR), a phenotype in which tumors fail to respond to a wide variety of chemically unrelated chemotherapeutic agents. This article reviews the synthetic, preclinical and early human data obtained during the development phase of this promising new radiopharmaceutical.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen A. Kurdziel
- Staff Scientist, Molecular Imaging Program (MIP)/CCR, National Cancer Institute, 10/B3B403, 10 Center Drive MSC 1180, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Dale O. Kiesewetter
- Staff Scientist, Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, 10/1C401, 10 Center Drive MSC 1180, Bethesda, MD 20892
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27
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Hodge M, Chen QH, Bane S, Sharma S, Loew M, Banerjee A, Alcaraz AA, Snyder JP, Kingston DGI. Synthesis and bioactivity of a side chain bridged paclitaxel: A test of the T-Taxol conformation. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2009; 19:2884-7. [PMID: 19359169 PMCID: PMC2684938 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2009.03.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2009] [Revised: 03/10/2009] [Accepted: 03/10/2009] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
A knowledge of the bioactive tubulin-binding conformation of paclitaxel (Taxol()) is crucial to a full understanding of the bioactivity of this important anticancer drug, and potentially also to the design of simplified analogs. The bioactive conformation has been shown to be best approximated by the T-Taxol conformation. As a further test of this conclusion, the paclitaxel analog 4 was designed as a compound which has all the chemical functionality necessary for activity, but which cannot adopt the T-Taxol conformation. The synthesis and bioassay of 4 confirmed its lack of activity, and thus provided further support for the T-Taxol conformation as the bioactive tubulin-binding conformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathis Hodge
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, 24061, USA
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28
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Abstract
The last one hundred years have witnessed a dramatic increase in the power and reach of total synthesis. The pantheon of accomplishments in the field includes the total synthesis of molecules of unimaginable beauty and diversity such as the four discussed in this article: endiandric acids (1982), calicheamicin gamma(1)(I) (1992), Taxol (1994), and brevetoxin B (1995). Chosen from the collection of the molecules synthesized in the author's laboratories, these structures are but a small fraction of the myriad constructed in laboratories around the world over the last century. Their stories, and the background on which they were based, should serve to trace the evolution of the art of chemical synthesis to its present sharp condition, an emergence that occurred as a result of new theories and mechanistic insights, new reactions, new reagents and catalysts, and new synthetic technologies and strategies. Indeed, the advent of chemical synthesis as a whole must be considered as one of the most influential developments of the twentieth century in terms of its impact on society.
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Affiliation(s)
- K C Nicolaou
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, USA.
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29
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Abstract
Introduced by Henri Kagan more than three decades ago, samarium diiodide (SmI(2)) has found increasing application in chemical synthesis. This single-electron reducing agent has been particularly useful in C-C bond formations, including those found in total synthesis endeavors. This Review highlights selected applications of SmI(2) in total synthesis, with special emphasis on novel transformations and mechanistic considerations. The examples discussed are both illustrative of the power of this reagent in the construction of complex molecules and inspirational for the design of synthetic strategies toward such targets, both natural and designed.
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Affiliation(s)
- K C Nicolaou
- Department of Chemistry, Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
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30
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Ge H, Wang J, Kayser MM, Himes RH, Georg GI. Synthesis, tubulin assembly, and antiproliferative activity against MCF7 and NCI/ADR-RES cancer cells of 10-O-acetyl-5'-hydroxybutitaxel. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2008; 18:6165-7. [PMID: 18977659 PMCID: PMC2636847 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2008.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2008] [Revised: 09/30/2008] [Accepted: 10/02/2008] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A highly efficient kinetic resolution of racemic cis-4-(2-tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy-1,1-dimethyl)ethyl-3-tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy-azetidin-2-one with 7-O-triethylsilylbaccatin III was carried out to furnish 10-O-acetyl-5'-hydroxybutitaxel after removal of the silyl protecting groups. The compound was 50% as active as paclitaxel in a tubulin assembly assay and showed significantly decreased activity against MCF7 cell proliferation compared to paclitaxel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haibo Ge
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Kansas, 1251 Wescoe Hall Drive, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
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31
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Leonelli F, La Bella A, Migneco LM, Bettolo RM. Design, synthesis and applications of hyaluronic acid-paclitaxel bioconjugates. Molecules 2008; 13:360-78. [PMID: 18305424 PMCID: PMC6245481 DOI: 10.3390/molecules13020360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2008] [Revised: 02/11/2008] [Accepted: 02/11/2008] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Paclitaxel (1a), a well known antitumor agent adopted mainly for the treatment of breast and ovarian cancer, suffers from significant disadvantages such as low solubility, certain toxicity and specific drug-resistance of some tumor cells. To overcome these problems extensive research has been carried out. Among the various proposed strategies, the conjugation of paclitaxel (1a) to a biocompatible polymer, such as hyaluronic acid (HA, 2), has also been considered. Coupling a bioactive compound to a biocompatible polymer offers, in general, many advantages such as better drug solubilization, better stabilization, specific localization and controlled release. Hereafter the design, synthesis and applications of hyaluronic acid-paclitaxel bioconjugates are reviewed. An overview of HA-paclitaxel combinations is also given.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Leonelli
- Dipartimento di Chimica and Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare del CNR, Sezione di Roma, Università degli Studi di Roma La Sapienza, P.le Aldo Moro 5, BOX n. 34 ROMA 62, I-00185 Roma, Italy.
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32
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Tanaka H, Doi T, Takahashi T. [Synthesis of chemical probes based on combinatorial chemistry and lab automation]. Tanpakushitsu Kakusan Koso 2007; 52:1655-1660. [PMID: 18051395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
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33
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Li P, Jiang S, Pero SC, Oligino L, Krag DN, Michejda CJ, Roller PP. Design and synthesis of paclitaxel conjugated with an ErbB2-recognizing peptide, EC-1. Biopolymers 2007; 87:225-30. [PMID: 17879382 DOI: 10.1002/bip.20828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The selective delivery of therapeutic agents to receptors overexpressed in cancer cells without harming the rest of the body is a major challenge in clinical oncology today. In this study, we report the design and synthesis of paclitaxel (PTX) conjugated with an erbB2-recognizing peptide (EC-1). The cyclic peptide EC-1 specifically binds to the extracellular domain of ErbB2 and selectively inhibits proliferation of breast cancer cells overexpressing ErbB2. PTX is a potent antitumor agent commonly used in the treatment of advanced metastatic breast cancer, yet patients have to suffer some side effects caused by its systemic toxicity. The aim of our conjugate is to specifically deliver antitumor agent PTX to breast cancer cells that overexpress oncogenic ErbB2 with the purpose to reduce toxicity and enhance selective killing of cancer cells. In this study, a concise and efficient synthetic route for the preparation of the PTX-EC-1 conjugate has been developed in 6% overall yield. This synthetic approach provides a general method for conjugating a highly functionalized and disulfide-bridge containing cyclopeptide to Taxol or other antitumor agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Li
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, CCR, NCI-Frederick, NIH, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
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34
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Kingston DGI. The shape of things to come: structural and synthetic studies of taxol and related compounds. Phytochemistry 2007; 68:1844-54. [PMID: 17184797 PMCID: PMC1979092 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2006.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2006] [Revised: 10/24/2006] [Accepted: 11/01/2006] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The history of the development of Taxol (paclitaxel) as an anticancer drug is reviewed, and some aspects of the phytochemistry of Taxus species and of the medicinal chemistry of taxol are discussed. The nature of the taxol-tubulin interaction is then described, with an emphasis on studies that led to the discovery and experimental proof of the T-taxol conformation as the tubulin-binding conformation of taxol. The implications of this conformation for future drug development are also briefly covered.
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Affiliation(s)
- David G I Kingston
- Department of Chemistry, M/C 0212, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA.
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35
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Cavallaro G, Maniscalco L, Campisi M, Schillaci D, Giammona G. Synthesis, characterization and in vitro cytotoxicity studies of a macromolecular conjugate of paclitaxel bearing oxytocin as targeting moiety. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2007; 66:182-92. [PMID: 17182230 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2006.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2005] [Revised: 10/06/2006] [Accepted: 10/06/2006] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The present study describes the experimental synthetic procedure and the characterization of a new polyaspartamide macromolecular prodrug of paclitaxel, bearing oxytocin residues as targeting moieties. In vitro stability studies of bioconjugate, performed in media mimicking biological fluids (buffer solutions at pH 7.4 and 5.5) and in human plasma, evidenced the high stability of the targeting portion (oxytocin)-polymer linkage and the ability of this conjugate to release linked paclitaxel in a prolonged way in plasma. Moreover, preliminary in vitro antiproliferative studies, carried out on MCF-7 cells, that are oxytocin receptor positive cells, showed that the polymeric conjugate has the same cell growing inhibition ability of free drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gennara Cavallaro
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Palermo, Italy.
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36
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Paik Y, Yang C, Metaferia B, Tang S, Bane S, Ravindra R, Shanker N, Alcaraz AA, Johnson SA, Schaefer J, O'Connor RD, Cegelski L, Snyder JP, Kingston DGI. Rotational-echo double-resonance NMR distance measurements for the tubulin-bound Paclitaxel conformation. J Am Chem Soc 2007; 129:361-70. [PMID: 17212416 PMCID: PMC2432525 DOI: 10.1021/ja0656604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The important anticancer drug Taxol (paclitaxel, PTX) owes its unique activity to its ability to bind to tubulin in a stoichiometric ratio and promote its assembly into microtubules. The conformation of the microtubule-bound drug has been the focus of numerous research efforts, since the inability of polymerized tubulin to form crystals precludes structure proof by X-ray crystallography. Likewise, although the alpha,beta-tubulin dimer structure has been solved by electron crystallography, the 3.7 A resolution is too low to permit direct determination of either ligand conformation or binding pose. In this article, we present experimental results from 2H{19F} REDOR NMR that provide direct confirmation that paclitaxel adopts a T-shaped conformation when it is bound to tubulin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Younkee Paik
- Department of Chemistry, M/C 0212, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, USA
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37
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Kumar SK, Williams SA, Isaacs JT, Denmeade SR, Khan SR. Modulating paclitaxel bioavailability for targeting prostate cancer. Bioorg Med Chem 2007; 15:4973-84. [PMID: 17502149 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2007.04.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2007] [Revised: 04/13/2007] [Accepted: 04/18/2007] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Four novel water-soluble peptide-paclitaxel conjugates were designed and synthesized as prostate-specific antigen (PSA)-activated prodrugs for prostate cancer therapy. These prodrugs were composed of a peptide, HSSKLQ or SSKYQ, each of which is selectively cleavable by PSA; a self-immolative linker, either para-aminobenzyl alcohol (PABS) or ethylene diamine (EDA); and the parent drug, paclitaxel. Introduction of a PABA or EDA linker between the peptide and paclitaxel in prodrugs 2-5 resulted in products with an increased rate of hydrolysis by PSA. The stability of prodrugs 2 and 3, with the PABA linker, was poor in the serum-containing medium because of the weak carbonate bond between the PABA and paclitaxel; however, this disadvantage was overcome by introducing a carbamate bond using an EDA linker in prodrugs 4 and 5. Thus, the incorporation of an EDA linker increased both the stability and PSA-mediated activation of these prodrugs. The cytotoxicity of each prodrug, as compared to paclitaxel, was determined against a variety of cell lines, including the PSA-secreting CWR22Rv1 prostate cancer cell line. The EDA-derived prodrug of paclitaxel 5 was stable and capable of being efficiently converted to an active drug that killed cells specifically in the presence of PSA, suggesting that this prodrug and similarly designed PSA-cleavable prodrugs may have potential as prostate cancer-specific therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srinivas K Kumar
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, 1650 Orleans Street, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
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38
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Kong JQ, Wang W, Zhu P, Cheng KD. [Recent advances in the biosynthesis of Taxol]. Yao Xue Xue Bao 2007; 42:358-65. [PMID: 17633200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Taxol is one of the most potent chemotherapeutic agents known, showing excellent activity against a range of cancers. In addition to anticancer, taxol has the effect of preventing graft arteriosclerosis, antiscaring formation and inhibiting angiogenesis. There are five possible routes to industrialize taxol production: isolation from the bark of the yew species, total synthesis, semisynthesis, tissue or cell culture, endophytic fungal fermentation and metabolism engineering. There are at least 14 genes related to the taxol biosynthesis had been cloned from yews and functionally expressed in different hosts. The combinational expression system of taxol makes progress as the clarification of biosynthetic pathway of taxol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-qiang Kong
- Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
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39
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Ganesh T, Yang C, Norris A, Glass T, Bane S, Ravindra R, Banerjee A, Metaferia B, Thomas SL, Giannakakou P, Alcaraz AA, Lakdawala AS, Snyder JP, Kingston DGI. Evaluation of the tubulin-bound paclitaxel conformation: synthesis, biology, and SAR studies of C-4 to C-3' bridged paclitaxel analogues. J Med Chem 2007; 50:713-25. [PMID: 17263521 PMCID: PMC2585518 DOI: 10.1021/jm061071x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The important anticancer drug paclitaxel binds to the beta-subunit of the alphabeta-tubulin dimer in the microtubule in a stoichiometric ratio, promoting microtubule polymerization and stability. The conformation of microtubule-bound drug has been the subject of intense study, and various suggestions have been proposed. In previous work we presented experimental and theoretical evidence that paclitaxel adopts a T-shaped conformation when it is bound to tubulin. In this study we report additional experimental data and calculations that delineate the allowable parameters for effective paclitaxel-tubulin interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thota Ganesh
- Department of Chemistry, M/C 0212, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061
| | - Chao Yang
- Department of Chemistry, M/C 0212, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061
| | - Andrew Norris
- Department of Chemistry, M/C 0212, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061
| | - Tom Glass
- Department of Chemistry, M/C 0212, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061
| | - Susan Bane
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Binghamton, Binghamton, NY 13902
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. Phone: 540-231-6570. Fax: 540-231-3255. E-mail:
| | - Rudravajhala Ravindra
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Binghamton, Binghamton, NY 13902
| | - Abhijit Banerjee
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Binghamton, Binghamton, NY 13902
| | - Belhu Metaferia
- Department of Chemistry, M/C 0212, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061
| | - Shala L. Thomas
- Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | | | - Ana A. Alcaraz
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | | | - James P. Snyder
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. Phone: 540-231-6570. Fax: 540-231-3255. E-mail:
| | - David G. I. Kingston
- Department of Chemistry, M/C 0212, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. Phone: 540-231-6570. Fax: 540-231-3255. E-mail:
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40
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Kalen JD, Hirsch JI, Kurdziel KA, Eckelman WC, Kiesewetter DO. Automated synthesis of 18F analogue of paclitaxel (PAC): [18F]Paclitaxel (FPAC). Appl Radiat Isot 2006; 65:696-700. [PMID: 17161952 PMCID: PMC1904428 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2006.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2006] [Revised: 10/20/2006] [Accepted: 10/31/2006] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
A positron-emitting paclitaxel (PAC) derivative could allow in vivo measurement of multidrug resistance in tumors and, therefore, predict a potential chemotherapeutic benefit to patients. [18F]Paclitaxel was produced using a 2-reaction vessel automated synthesizer followed by HPLC purification. Optimized reaction conditions resulted in radiochemical yields of 21.2+/-9.6% at end of bombardment, radiochemical purity >99%, and specific activity of 159+/-43 G Bq/micromol. [18F]Paclitaxel activities of 1.33+/-0.729 G Bq (n=7) were obtained in sterile, pyrogen-free solution for IV administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph D Kalen
- Molecular Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.
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41
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El Alaoui A, Schmidt F, Monneret C, Florent JC. Protecting Groups for Glucuronic Acid: Application to the Synthesis of New Paclitaxel (Taxol) Derivatives. J Org Chem 2006; 71:9628-36. [PMID: 17168579 DOI: 10.1021/jo0612675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
To prepare two new glucuronide conjugates, allyl ester and allyl carbonates were used as protecting groups of the glucuronic moiety. In this way, an aniline glycosyl carbamate spacer linked to the 2'-OH of paclitaxel was obtained. By using palladium chemistry, an efficient one-step removal of all the allyl groups at the end of the synthesis afforded the desired compounds in good yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdessamad El Alaoui
- UMR 176 CNRS/Institut Curie, Centre de Recherche, 26 rue d'Ulm, 75248 Paris Cedex 05, France
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42
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Liu DZ, Sinchaikul S, Reddy PVG, Chang MY, Chen ST. Synthesis of 2'-paclitaxel methyl 2-glucopyranosyl succinate for specific targeted delivery to cancer cells. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2006; 17:617-20. [PMID: 17113288 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2006.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2006] [Revised: 11/01/2006] [Accepted: 11/02/2006] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
A novel glucose-conjugated paclitaxel 5 was synthesized using succinic acid as linker between 2'-paclitaxel and methyl 2'-glucopyranose. 5 has not only improved the pharmaceutical properties of paclitaxel, such as solubility and stability, but also enhanced the specific target delivery to MCF-7 cells without the cytotoxicity against normal cells. Therefore, the glucose conjugation may be potentially used in the targeted delivery of other drugs into cells via glucose transporters (GLUTs) for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Der-Zen Liu
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Materials, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
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43
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Khandare JJ, Jayant S, Singh A, Chandna P, Wang Y, Vorsa N, Minko T. Dendrimer Versus Linear Conjugate: Influence of Polymeric Architecture on the Delivery and Anticancer Effect of Paclitaxel. Bioconjug Chem 2006; 17:1464-72. [PMID: 17105225 DOI: 10.1021/bc060240p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The relative difference in polymeric architectures of dendrimer and linear bis(poly(ethylene glycol)) (PEG) polymer in conjugation with paclitaxel has been described. Paclitaxel, a poorly soluble anticancer drug, was covalently conjugated with PAMAM G4 hydroxyl-terminated dendrimer and bis(PEG) polymer for the potential enhancement of drug solubility and cytotoxicity. Both conjugates were characterized by 1NMR, HPLC, and MALDI/TOF. In addition, molecular conformations of dendrimer, bis(PEG), paclitaxel, and its polymeric conjugates were studied by molecular modeling. Hydrolysis of the ester bond in the conjugate was analyzed by HPLC using esterase hydrolyzing enzyme. In vitro cytotoxicity of dendrimer, bis(PEG), paclitaxel, and polymeric conjugates containing paclitaxel was evaluated using A2780 human ovarian carcinoma cells. Cytotoxicity increased by 10-fold with PAMAM dendrimer-succinic acid-paclitaxel conjugate when compared with free nonconjugated drug. Data obtained indicate that the nanosized dendritic polymer conjugates can be used with good success as anticancer drug carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayant J Khandare
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA
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44
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Abstract
A 36-step synthesis was carried out in automated synthesizers to provide a synthetic key intermediate of taxol. A key step involved a microwave-assisted alkylation reaction to construct the ABC ring system from an AC precursor. Subsequent formation of the D ring afforded baccatin III, a well-known precursor of taxol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takayuki Doi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan
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45
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Abstract
Several different approaches to the A-ring functionalization of an advanced, highly functionalized diosphenol precursor to Taxol are described. The first phase of the undertaking consists of an assessment of those reagents conducive to reaction at the enolic oxygen (silylation, methylation, allylation, and acylation). Transformations involving an alternative attack at the enol carbon center (bromination, selenation) have also been defined. Sodium borohydride reduction operates from the beta-face of C-14 as long as the C-1 hydroxyl is not protected so as to offer steric exclusion. Complications associated with various aspects of these methodological undertakings are addressed. The most advanced oxygenation achievements were realized by way of a noteworthy sequence involving epoxidation of the O-methyl ether, methanolysis under mildly acidic conditions, and regioselective oxidation of diol 38 to give 39.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew M Kreilein
- Evans Chemical Laboratories, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
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46
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Skwarczynski M, Noguchi M, Hirota S, Sohma Y, Kimura T, Hayashi Y, Kiso Y. Development of first photoresponsive prodrug of paclitaxel. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2006; 16:4492-6. [PMID: 16806915 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2006.06.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2006] [Accepted: 06/09/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
A prodrug of paclitaxel which has a coumarin derivative conjugated to the amino acid moiety of isotaxel (O-acyl isoform of paclitaxel) has been synthesized. The prodrug was selectively converted to isotaxel by visible light irradiation (430 nm) with the cleavage of coumarin. Finally, paclitaxel was released by subsequent spontaneous O-N intramolecular acyl migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariusz Skwarczynski
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Center for Frontier Research in Medicinal Science and 21st Century COE Program, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Yamashina-ku, Japan
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47
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Tang S, Yang C, Brodie P, Bane S, Ravindra R, Sharma S, Jiang Y, Snyder JP, Kingston DGI. Bridging converts a noncytotoxic nor-paclitaxel derivative to a cytotoxic analogue by constraining it to the T-Taxol conformation. Org Lett 2006; 8:3983-6. [PMID: 16928054 PMCID: PMC2562586 DOI: 10.1021/ol061438s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of the bridged A-nor-paclitaxel 4 has been achieved from paclitaxel in a key test of the T-Taxol conformational hypothesis. Although the unbridged A-nor-paclitaxel 3 is essentially noncytotoxic, the bridged analogue 4 is strongly cytotoxic. This result provides strong evidence for the T-Taxol conformation as the bioactive tubulin-binding conformation of paclitaxel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoubin Tang
- Department of Chemistry, M/C 0212, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
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48
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Safavy A, Raisch KP, Matusiak D, Bhatnagar S, Helson L. Single-drug multiligand conjugates: synthesis and preliminary cytotoxicity evaluation of a paclitaxel-dipeptide "scorpion" molecule. Bioconjug Chem 2006; 17:565-70. [PMID: 16704191 DOI: 10.1021/bc050224c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
To improve the targeting properties of receptor-directed drug-peptide conjugates, a multiligand approach was proposed and a model "scorpion" conjugate (6, Figure 1), consisting of two peptide "claws" and a paclitaxel (PTX) "tail", was synthesized. The cell surface receptor-directed peptide used in this single-drug multiligand (SDML) model was a segment of the amphibian peptide bombesin (BBN) which had the Y6Q7W8A9V10G11H12L13M14-NH2 sequence, designated here as BBN[6-14] (2, Figure 2). Due to the lipophilic nature of both PTX and BBN[6-14], compound 6 had a low water solubility. To enhance the solubility, PEG derivatives of this conjugate were prepared with the polymer inserted either in the claws or in the tail regions. In a preliminary random screening, conjugate 6 showed superior cytotoxic activity in several GRPR-positive human cancer cell lines as compared to free PTX and two single-drug single-ligand (SDSL) conjugates. In a receptor blocking experiment, addition of excess unconjugated BBN[6-14] ligand reduced the cytotoxicity of conjugate 6, indicating the receptor-mediated mechanism of drug delivery. The PEG-derived conjugates showed activities which were intermediate between SDSL and the SDML congeners. Also, an increase in the number of the PEG segments lowered cytotoxicity, possibly due to steric hindrance against ligand-receptor binding. Taken together, these results demonstrate the potential of the multiligand approach in the design of receptor-targeting conjugates for tumor-specific drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Safavy
- Department of Radiation Oncology and the Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294-6832, USA.
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49
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Alaoui AE, Saha N, Schmidt F, Monneret C, Florent JC. New Taxol® (paclitaxel) prodrugs designed for ADEPT and PMT strategies in cancer chemotherapy. Bioorg Med Chem 2006; 14:5012-9. [PMID: 16554162 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2006.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2006] [Revised: 02/27/2006] [Accepted: 03/03/2006] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Two new glucuronide paclitaxel prodrugs have been synthesized. Linked to the 2'-OH of the drug by a carbonate function, they include a self-immolative spacer bearing an arylnitro or arylamino group between the drug and the glucuronic acid residue. Both prodrugs were well detoxified and easily cleaved in the presence of beta-D-glucuronidase with fast removal of the spacer, releasing paclitaxel. The arylamino spacer-containing prodrug, more stable than the corresponding nitro analogue, was selected for further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdessamad El Alaoui
- UMR 176 CNRS/Institut Curie, Centre de Recherche, 26 rue d'Ulm, 75248 Paris Cedex 05, France
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50
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Abstract
[Reaction: see text]. Two enantiocomplementary bakers' yeast enzymes reduced an alpha-chloro-beta-keto ester to yield precursors for both enantiomers of the N-benzoyl phenylisoserine Taxol side chain. After base-mediated ring closure of the chlorohydrin enantiomers, the epoxides were converted directly to the oxazoline form of the target molecules using a Ritter reaction with benzonitrile. These were hydrolyzed to the ethyl ester form of the Taxol side chain enantiomers under acidic conditions. This brief and atom-efficient route to both target enantiomers demonstrates both the synthetic utility of individual yeast reductases and the power of genomic strategies in making these catalysts available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brent D Feske
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, 127 Chemistry Research Building, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
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