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Cuadrado-Tejedor M, Pérez-González M, Alfaro-Ruiz R, Badesso S, Sucunza D, Espelosin M, Ursúa S, Lachen-Montes M, Fernández-Irigoyen J, Santamaria E, Luján R, García-Osta A. Amyloid-Driven Tau Accumulation on Mitochondria Potentially Leads to Cognitive Deterioration in Alzheimer's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222111950. [PMID: 34769380 PMCID: PMC8584544 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the well-accepted role of the two main neuropathological markers (β-amyloid and tau) in the progression of Alzheimer’s disease, the interaction and specific contribution of each of them is not fully elucidated. To address this question, in the present study, an adeno-associated virus (AAV9) carrying the mutant P301L form of human tau, was injected into the dorsal hippocampi of APP/PS1 transgenic mice or wild type mice (WT). Three months after injections, memory tasks, biochemical and immunohistochemical analysis were performed. We found that the overexpression of hTauP301L accelerates memory deficits in APP/PS1 mice, but it did not affect memory function of WT mice. Likewise, biochemical assays showed that only in the case of APP/PS1-hTauP301L injected mice, an important accumulation of tau was observed in the insoluble urea fraction. Similarly, electron microscopy images revealed that numerous clusters of tau immunoparticles appear at the dendrites of APP/PS1 injected mice and not in WT animals, suggesting that the presence of amyloid is necessary to induce tau aggregation. Interestingly, these tau immunoparticles accumulate in dendritic mitochondria in the APP/PS1 mice, whereas most of mitochondria in WT injected mice remain free of tau immunoparticles. Taken together, it seems that amyloid induces tau aggregation and accumulation in the dendritic mitochondria and subsequently may alter synapse function, thus, contributing to accelerate cognitive decline in APP/PS1 mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mar Cuadrado-Tejedor
- Neurosciences Program, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, IdiSNA, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (M.P.-G.); (S.B.); (M.E.); (S.U.)
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Correspondence: (M.C.-T.); (A.G.-O.)
| | - Marta Pérez-González
- Neurosciences Program, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, IdiSNA, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (M.P.-G.); (S.B.); (M.E.); (S.U.)
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Rocío Alfaro-Ruiz
- Synaptic Structure Laboratory, Instituto de Investigación en Discapacidades Neurológicas (IDINE), Department Ciencias Médicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Castilla-La Mancha, 02008 Albacete, Spain; (R.A.-R.); (R.L.)
| | - Sara Badesso
- Neurosciences Program, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, IdiSNA, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (M.P.-G.); (S.B.); (M.E.); (S.U.)
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Diego Sucunza
- Neurosciences Program, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, IdiSNA, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (M.P.-G.); (S.B.); (M.E.); (S.U.)
| | - María Espelosin
- Neurosciences Program, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, IdiSNA, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (M.P.-G.); (S.B.); (M.E.); (S.U.)
| | - Susana Ursúa
- Neurosciences Program, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, IdiSNA, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (M.P.-G.); (S.B.); (M.E.); (S.U.)
| | - Mercedes Lachen-Montes
- Clinical Neuroproteomics Unit, Proteomics Platform, Proteored-ISCIII, Navarrabiomed, Hospital Universitario de Navarra (HUN), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), IdiSNA, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (M.L.-M.); (J.F.-I.); (E.S.)
| | - Joaquín Fernández-Irigoyen
- Clinical Neuroproteomics Unit, Proteomics Platform, Proteored-ISCIII, Navarrabiomed, Hospital Universitario de Navarra (HUN), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), IdiSNA, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (M.L.-M.); (J.F.-I.); (E.S.)
| | - Enrique Santamaria
- Clinical Neuroproteomics Unit, Proteomics Platform, Proteored-ISCIII, Navarrabiomed, Hospital Universitario de Navarra (HUN), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), IdiSNA, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (M.L.-M.); (J.F.-I.); (E.S.)
| | - Rafael Luján
- Synaptic Structure Laboratory, Instituto de Investigación en Discapacidades Neurológicas (IDINE), Department Ciencias Médicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Castilla-La Mancha, 02008 Albacete, Spain; (R.A.-R.); (R.L.)
| | - Ana García-Osta
- Neurosciences Program, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, IdiSNA, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (M.P.-G.); (S.B.); (M.E.); (S.U.)
- Correspondence: (M.C.-T.); (A.G.-O.)
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Kaur H, Seeger D, Golovko S, Golovko M, Combs CK. Liver Bile Acid Changes in Mouse Models of Alzheimer's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22147451. [PMID: 34299071 PMCID: PMC8303891 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22147451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by progressive cognitive impairment. It is hypothesized to develop due to the dysfunction of two major proteins, amyloid-β (Aβ) and microtubule-associated protein, tau. Evidence supports the involvement of cholesterol changes in both the generation and deposition of Aβ. This study was performed to better understand the role of liver cholesterol and bile acid metabolism in the pathophysiology of AD. We used male and female wild-type control (C57BL/6J) mice to compare to two well-characterized amyloidosis models of AD, APP/PS1, and AppNL-G-F. Both conjugated and unconjugated primary and secondary bile acids were quantified using UPLC-MS/MS from livers of control and AD mice. We also measured cholesterol and its metabolites and identified changes in levels of proteins associated with bile acid synthesis and signaling. We observed sex differences in liver cholesterol levels accompanied by differences in levels of synthesis intermediates and conjugated and unconjugated liver primary bile acids in both APP/PS1 and AppNL-G-F mice when compared to controls. Our data revealed fundamental deficiencies in cholesterol metabolism and bile acid synthesis in the livers of two different AD mouse lines. These findings strengthen the involvement of liver metabolism in the pathophysiology of AD.
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Yang Y, Wu X, Qu X, Wang X, Luo C, Li L, Zhang K. The Effect of Triggering Receptor Expressed by Myeloid Cells 2 Modified Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells on Alzheimer's Disease-Mouse Model. Ann Clin Lab Sci 2019; 49:23-30. [PMID: 30814074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aims to explore the effect of TREM2 modified BMSCs on hippocampus of AD mice. METHODS Mouse bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells were isolated and identified. APP/PS1 double transgenic mice were confirmed to be AD model and divided into 4 groups: control group, MSCs group, MSCs+vector group and MSCs+pEGFP-TREM2 group. RESULTS The incubation period and the number of errors in the MSCs+pEGFP-TREM2 group were significantly decreased than that of control group after 3 days. The quantity and area of Aβ deposition in MSCs+pEGFP-TREM2 group were significantly smaller than that of control group. Aβ40 and Aβ42 levels were significantly decreased most in MSCs+pEGFP-TREM2 group. The expression levels of TREM2 and DAP12 significantly increased in the MSCs+pEGFP-TREM2 group. CONCLUSIONS TREM2 modified bone marrow MSCs affected the ability of learning and memory of AD model mice and this mechanism may be related to the expression of TREM2 and DAP12 genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Yang
- Department of Neurology, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated to Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- Institute of Neurology, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated to Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- Key Laboratory of Neurology, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated to Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Xiaomu Wu
- Department of Neurology, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated to Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- Institute of Neurology, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated to Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- Key Laboratory of Neurology, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated to Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Xinhui Qu
- Department of Neurology, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated to Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- Institute of Neurology, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated to Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- Key Laboratory of Neurology, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated to Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Xinrong Wang
- Department of Prenatal Diagnosis, Jiangxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Nanchang, China
| | - Chaoqun Luo
- Department of Neurology, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated to Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- Institute of Neurology, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated to Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- Key Laboratory of Neurology, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated to Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Lingjuan Li
- Department of Neurology, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated to Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- Institute of Neurology, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated to Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- Key Laboratory of Neurology, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated to Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Kunnan Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated to Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- Institute of Neurology, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated to Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- Key Laboratory of Neurology, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated to Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
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Yu J, Gu Q, Yan Y, Yu H, Guo M, Liu C, Song G, Chai Z, Wang Q, Xiao B, Zhang H, Jiang Y, Ma C. [Fasudil improves cognition of APP/PS1 transgenic mice via inhibiting the activation of microglia and shifting microglia phenotypes from M1 to M2]. Xi Bao Yu Fen Zi Mian Yi Xue Za Zhi 2017; 33:1585-1593. [PMID: 29382415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Objective To examine the regulatory effects of Rho kinase inhibitor fasudil on cognition and microglia polarization in APP/PS1 transgenic (APP/PS1 Tg) mice, a widely used model of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Methods Male APP/PS1 Tg mice at 8 months of age were randomly divided into two groups: Fasudil (25 mg/kg) and saline, i.p., once daily for 2 months; age- and gender-matched wild type (WT) mice without treatment were used as the controls. The Morris water maze (MWM) test was applied to examine spatial cognition of mice. Aβ1-42 deposition, the microglia surface marker CD11b, and the M1 and M2 microglia surface markers [iNOS, arginase 1 (ARG1) and CD206] in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex were analyzed by immunohistochemistry and Western blotting. Results Compared with WT controls, APP/PS1 Tg mice (10 months old at the time of testing) treated with saline displayed increases in the latency to target, mean distance to target, latency 1st entrance to SW quadrant during the MWM test; they also showed increased latency and mean distance entering to the target in the MWM test, indicating their impaired cognition, which was reversed by fasudil. In addition, fasudil decreased the expressions of Aβ1-42 and iNOS and increased ARG1/CD206 in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex. further, the microglia marker CD11b had an overlap with the M1 marker iNOS or the M2 markers ARG1/CD206 in the cerebral cortex of the AD mice following fasudil treatment. Conclusion Fasudil reverses spatial cognitive dysfunction in APP/PS1 Tg mice via facilitating the transformation of Aβ1-42-activated microglia from the M1 to M2 phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiezhong Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Qingfang Gu
- Institute of Brain Science, Shanxi Datong University, Datong 037009, China
| | - Yuqing Yan
- Institute of Brain Science, Shanxi Datong University, Datong 037009, China
| | - Hongqiang Yu
- Institute of Brain Science, Shanxi Datong University, Datong 037009, Research Center of Neurobiology, Shanxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Taiyuan 030024, China
| | - Minfang Guo
- Institute of Brain Science, Shanxi Datong University, Datong 037009, China
| | - Chunyun Liu
- Institute of Brain Science, Shanxi Datong University, Datong 037009, China
| | - Guobin Song
- Institute of Brain Science, Shanxi Datong University, Datong 037009, China
| | - Zhi Chai
- Research Center of Neurobiology, Shanxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Taiyuan 030024, China
| | - Qing Wang
- Research Center of Neurobiology, Shanxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Taiyuan 030024, China
| | - Baoguo Xiao
- Institute of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Institute of Brain Science and State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Hanting Zhang
- Department of Behavioral Medicine & Psychiatry and Physiology, Pharmacology & Neuroscience, Rockefeller Neurosciences Institute, West Virginia University Health Sciences Center, Morgantown WV 26506, USA
| | - Yuqiang Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China. *Corresponding authors, E-mail:
| | - Cungen Ma
- Institute of Brain Science, Shanxi Datong University, Datong 037009, China. *Corresponding authors, E-mail:
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Sarroca S, Molina-Martínez P, Aresté C, Etzrodt M, García de Frutos P, Gasa R, Antonell A, Molinuevo JL, Sánchez-Valle R, Saura CA, Lladó A, Sanfeliu C. Preservation of cell-survival mechanisms by the presenilin-1 K239N mutation may cause its milder clinical phenotype. Neurobiol Aging 2016; 46:169-79. [PMID: 27498054 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2016.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2016] [Revised: 07/04/2016] [Accepted: 07/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Presenilin 1 (PSEN1) mutations are the main cause of monogenic Alzheimer's disease. We studied the functional effects of the mutation K239N, which shows incomplete penetrance at the age of 65 years and compared it with the more aggressive mutation E120G. We engineered stable cell lines expressing human PSEN1 wild type or with K239N or E120G mutations. Both mutations induced dysfunction of γ-secretase in the processing of amyloid-β protein precursor, leading to an increase in the amyloid β42/amyloid β40 ratio. Analysis of homeostatic mechanisms showed that K239N induced lower basal and hydrogen peroxide induced intracellular levels of reactive oxygen species than E120G. Similarly, K239N induced lower vulnerability to apoptosis by hydrogen peroxide injury than E120G. Accordingly, the proapoptotic signaling pathways c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase maintained PSEN1-mediated negative regulation in K239N but not in E120G-bearing cells. Furthermore, the activation of the prosurvival signaling pathways mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase and phosphoinositide 3-kinase/Akt was lower in E120G-bearing cells. Therefore, preservation of mechanisms regulating cell responses independent of amyloid-β protein precursor processing may account for the milder phenotype induced by the PSEN1 K239N mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Sarroca
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona (IIBB), CSIC, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Cristina Aresté
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona (IIBB), CSIC, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Martin Etzrodt
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zurich, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Pablo García de Frutos
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona (IIBB), CSIC, Barcelona, Spain; Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rosa Gasa
- Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Antonell
- Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain; Alzheimer's Disease and Other Cognitive Disorders Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - José Luís Molinuevo
- Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain; Alzheimer's Disease and Other Cognitive Disorders Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Raquel Sánchez-Valle
- Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain; Alzheimer's Disease and Other Cognitive Disorders Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carlos A Saura
- Institut de Neurociències, Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Albert Lladó
- Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain; Alzheimer's Disease and Other Cognitive Disorders Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Coral Sanfeliu
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona (IIBB), CSIC, Barcelona, Spain; Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain.
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6
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Nikolakopoulou AM, Georgakopoulos A, Robakis NK. Presenilin 1 promotes trypsin-induced neuroprotection via the PAR2/ERK signaling pathway. Effects of presenilin 1 FAD mutations. Neurobiol Aging 2016; 42:41-9. [PMID: 27143420 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2016.02.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2015] [Revised: 02/22/2016] [Accepted: 02/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Mutants of presenilin 1 (PS1) increase neuronal cell death causing autosomal-dominant familial Alzheimer's disease (FAD). Recent literature shows that treatment of neuronal cultures with low concentrations of trypsin, a member of the serine family of proteases, protects neurons from toxic insults by binding to the proteinase-activated receptor 2 and stimulating survival kinase extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK 1/2). Other studies show that PS1 is necessary for the neuroprotective activity of specific neurotrophic factors, such as brain-derived neurotrophic factor, against excitotoxicity and oxidative stress. Here, we show that treatment of mouse cortical neuronal cultures with trypsin activates ERK1/2 and protects neurons against glutamate excitoxicity. The trypsin-dependent ERK activation and neuroprotection requires both alleles of PS1 because neither PS1 knockout nor PS1 hemizygous neuronal cultures can use exogenous trypsin to activate ERK1/2 or increase neuronal survival. The protective effect of PS1 does not depend on its γ-secretase activity because inhibitors of γ-secretase have no effect on trypsin-mediated neuroprotection. Importantly, cortical neuronal cultures either heterozygous or homozygous for PS1 FAD mutants are unable to use trypsin to activate ERK1/2 and rescue neurons from excitotoxicity, indicating that FAD mutants inhibit trypsin-dependent neuroprotection in an autosomal-dominant manner. Furthermore, our data support the theory that PS FAD mutants increase neurodegeneration by inhibiting the ability of neurons to use cellular factors as protective agents against toxic insults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angeliki M Nikolakopoulou
- Department of Psychiatry, Center for Molecular Biology and Genetics of Neurodegeneration, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Biology and Genetics of Neurodegeneration, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Anastasios Georgakopoulos
- Department of Psychiatry, Center for Molecular Biology and Genetics of Neurodegeneration, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Biology and Genetics of Neurodegeneration, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Nikolaos K Robakis
- Department of Psychiatry, Center for Molecular Biology and Genetics of Neurodegeneration, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Biology and Genetics of Neurodegeneration, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
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7
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Bonds JA, Kuttner-Hirshler Y, Bartolotti N, Tobin MK, Pizzi M, Marr R, Lazarov O. Presenilin-1 Dependent Neurogenesis Regulates Hippocampal Learning and Memory. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0131266. [PMID: 26098332 PMCID: PMC4476567 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0131266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2015] [Accepted: 06/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Presenilin-1 (PS1), the catalytic core of the aspartyl protease γ-secretase, regulates adult neurogenesis. However, it is not clear whether the role of neurogenesis in hippocampal learning and memory is PS1-dependent, or whether PS1 loss of function in adult hippocampal neurogenesis can cause learning and memory deficits. Here we show that downregulation of PS1 in hippocampal neural progenitor cells causes progressive deficits in pattern separation and novelty exploration. New granule neurons expressing reduced PS1 levels exhibit decreased dendritic branching and dendritic spines. Further, they exhibit reduced survival. Lastly, we show that PS1 effect on neurogenesis is mediated via β-catenin phosphorylation and notch signaling. Together, these observations suggest that impairments in adult neurogenesis induce learning and memory deficits and may play a role in the cognitive deficits observed in Alzheimer’s disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline A. Bonds
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, 60612, United States of America
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, 60612, United States of America
| | - Yafit Kuttner-Hirshler
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, 60612, United States of America
| | - Nancy Bartolotti
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, 60612, United States of America
| | - Matthew K. Tobin
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, 60612, United States of America
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, 60612, United States of America
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, 60612, United States of America
| | - Michael Pizzi
- Midwestern University, 555 31 street, Downers Grove, IL, 60515, United States of America
| | - Robert Marr
- Department of Neuroscience, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, Illinois, 60064, United States of America
| | - Orly Lazarov
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, 60612, United States of America
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, 60612, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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8
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Jung CKE, Keppler K, Steinbach S, Blazquez-Llorca L, Herms J. Fibrillar amyloid plaque formation precedes microglial activation. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0119768. [PMID: 25799372 PMCID: PMC4370641 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0119768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2014] [Accepted: 01/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In Alzheimer’s disease (AD), hallmark β-amyloid deposits are characterized by the presence of activated microglia around them. Despite an extensive characterization of the relation of amyloid plaques with microglia, little is known about the initiation of this interaction. In this study, the detailed investigation of very small plaques in brain slices in AD transgenic mice of the line APP-PS1(dE9) revealed different levels of microglia recruitment. Analysing plaques with a diameter of up to 10 μm we find that only the half are associated with clear morphologically activated microglia. Utilizing in vivo imaging of new appearing amyloid plaques in double-transgenic APP-PS1(dE9)xCX3CR1+/- mice further characterized the dynamic of morphological microglia activation. We observed no correlation of morphological microglia activation and plaque volume or plaque lifetime. Taken together, our results demonstrate a very prominent variation in size as well as in lifetime of new plaques relative to the state of microglia reaction. These observations might question the existing view that amyloid deposits by themselves are sufficient to attract and activate microglia in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian K. E. Jung
- Department for Translational Brain Research, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases—site Munich (DZNE-M) and Center for Neuropathology and Prion Research (ZNP), Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Kevin Keppler
- Department for Translational Brain Research, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases—site Munich (DZNE-M) and Center for Neuropathology and Prion Research (ZNP), Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Sonja Steinbach
- Department for Translational Brain Research, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases—site Munich (DZNE-M) and Center for Neuropathology and Prion Research (ZNP), Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Lidia Blazquez-Llorca
- Department for Translational Brain Research, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases—site Munich (DZNE-M) and Center for Neuropathology and Prion Research (ZNP), Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Jochen Herms
- Department for Translational Brain Research, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases—site Munich (DZNE-M) and Center for Neuropathology and Prion Research (ZNP), Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
- Munich Cluster of Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
- * E-mail:
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9
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Porquet D, Andrés-Benito P, Griñán-Ferré C, Camins A, Ferrer I, Canudas AM, Del Valle J, Pallàs M. Amyloid and tau pathology of familial Alzheimer's disease APP/PS1 mouse model in a senescence phenotype background (SAMP8). Age (Dordr) 2015; 37:9747. [PMID: 25663420 PMCID: PMC4320125 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-015-9747-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2014] [Accepted: 01/22/2015] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The amyloid precursor protein/presenilin 1 (APP/PS1) mouse model of Alzheimer's disease (AD) has provided robust neuropathological hallmarks of familial AD-like pattern at early ages, whereas senescence-accelerated mouse prone 8 (SAMP8) has a remarkable early senescence phenotype with pathological similarities to AD. The aim of this study was the investigation and characterization of cognitive and neuropathological AD markers in a novel mouse model that combines the characteristics of the APP/PS1 transgenic mouse model with a senescence-accelerated background of SAMP8 mice. Initially, significant differences were found regarding amyloid plaque formation and cognitive abnormalities. Bearing these facts in mind, we determined a general characterization of the main AD brain molecular markers, such as alterations in amyloid pathway, neuroinflammation, and hyperphosphorylation of tau in these mice along their lifetimes. Results from this analysis revealed that APP/PS1 in SAMP8 background mice showed alterations in the pathways studied in comparison with SAMP8 and APP/PS1, demonstrating that a senescence-accelerated background exacerbated the amyloid pathology and maintained the cognitive dysfunction present in APP/PS1 mice. Changes in tau pathology, including the activity of cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (CDK5) and glycogen synthase kinase 3 β (GSK3β), differs, but not in a parallel manner, with amyloid disturbances.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. Porquet
- />Secció de Farmacologia, Departament Farmacologia i Química Terapèutica, Facultat de Farmàcia, Institut de Biomedicina (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Av. Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- />Centros de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - P. Andrés-Benito
- />Secció de Farmacologia, Departament Farmacologia i Química Terapèutica, Facultat de Farmàcia, Institut de Biomedicina (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Av. Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - C. Griñán-Ferré
- />Secció de Farmacologia, Departament Farmacologia i Química Terapèutica, Facultat de Farmàcia, Institut de Biomedicina (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Av. Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- />Centros de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - A. Camins
- />Secció de Farmacologia, Departament Farmacologia i Química Terapèutica, Facultat de Farmàcia, Institut de Biomedicina (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Av. Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- />Centros de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - I. Ferrer
- />Institut de Neuropatologia de l’Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge (HUB), Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Universitat de Barcelona (UB), 08907 Bellvitge, Barcelona Spain
- />Centros de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - A. M. Canudas
- />Secció de Farmacologia, Departament Farmacologia i Química Terapèutica, Facultat de Farmàcia, Institut de Biomedicina (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Av. Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- />Centros de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - J. Del Valle
- />Secció de Farmacologia, Departament Farmacologia i Química Terapèutica, Facultat de Farmàcia, Institut de Biomedicina (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Av. Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- />Grup de Neuroplasticitat i Regeneració, Institut de Neurociències i Departament de Biologia cellular, Fisiologia i Immunologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona Spain
- />Centros de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Mercè Pallàs
- />Secció de Farmacologia, Departament Farmacologia i Química Terapèutica, Facultat de Farmàcia, Institut de Biomedicina (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Av. Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- />Centros de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
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10
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Cheng D, Logge W, Low JK, Garner B, Karl T. Novel behavioural characteristics of the APP(Swe)/PS1ΔE9 transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. Behav Brain Res 2013; 245:120-7. [PMID: 23419740 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2013.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2012] [Revised: 01/31/2013] [Accepted: 02/05/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In order to better understand animal models of Alzheimer's disease, novel phenotyping strategies have been established for transgenic mouse models. In line with this, the current study characterised male APPxPS1 transgenic mice on mixed C57BL/6JxC3H/HeJ background for the first time for social recognition memory, sensorimotor gating, and spatial memory using the cheeseboard test as an alternative to the Morris water maze. Furthermore, locomotion, anxiety, and fear conditioning were evaluated in transgenic and wild type-like animals. APPxPS1 males displayed task-dependent hyperlocomotion and anxiety behaviours and exhibited social recognition memory impairments compared to wild type-like littermates. Spatial learning and memory, fear conditioning, and sensorimotor gating were unaffected in APPxPS1 transgenic mice. In conclusion, this study describes for the first time social recognition memory deficits in male APPxPS1 mice and suggests that spatial learning and memory deficits reported in earlier studies are dependent on the sex and genetic background of the APPxPS1 mouse line used. Furthermore, particular test conditions of anxiety and spatial memory paradigms appear to impact on the behavioural response of this transgenic mouse model for Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Cheng
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, NSW 2031, Australia
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11
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Lefterov I, Fitz NF, Cronican AA, Fogg A, Lefterov P, Kodali R, Wetzel R, Koldamova R. Apolipoprotein A-I deficiency increases cerebral amyloid angiopathy and cognitive deficits in APP/PS1DeltaE9 mice. J Biol Chem 2010; 285:36945-57. [PMID: 20739292 PMCID: PMC2978623 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.127738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2010] [Revised: 08/20/2010] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
A hallmark of Alzheimer disease (AD) is the deposition of amyloid β (Aβ) in brain parenchyma and cerebral blood vessels, accompanied by cognitive decline. Previously, we showed that human apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I) decreases Aβ(40) aggregation and toxicity. Here we demonstrate that apoA-I in lipidated or non-lipidated form prevents the formation of high molecular weight aggregates of Aβ(42) and decreases Aβ(42) toxicity in primary brain cells. To determine the effects of apoA-I on AD phenotype in vivo, we crossed APP/PS1ΔE9 to apoA-I(KO) mice. Using a Morris water maze, we demonstrate that the deletion of mouse Apoa-I exacerbates memory deficits in APP/PS1ΔE9 mice. Further characterization of APP/PS1ΔE9/apoA-I(KO) mice showed that apoA-I deficiency did not affect amyloid precursor protein processing, soluble Aβ oligomer levels, Aβ plaque load, or levels of insoluble Aβ in brain parenchyma. To examine the effect of Apoa-I deletion on cerebral amyloid angiopathy, we measured insoluble Aβ isolated from cerebral blood vessels. Our data show that in APP/PS1ΔE9/apoA-I(KO) mice, insoluble Aβ(40) is increased more than 10-fold, and Aβ(42) is increased 1.5-fold. The increased levels of deposited amyloid in the vessels of cortices and hippocampi of APP/PS1ΔE9/apoA-I(KO) mice, measured by X-34 staining, confirmed the results. Finally, we demonstrate that lipidated and non-lipidated apoA-I significantly decreased Aβ toxicity against brain vascular smooth muscle cells. We conclude that lack of apoA-I aggravates the memory deficits in APP/PS1ΔE9 mice in parallel to significantly increased cerebral amyloid angiopathy.
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MESH Headings
- Amyloid beta-Protein Precursor/physiology
- Animals
- Apolipoprotein A-I/physiology
- Behavior, Animal
- Blotting, Western
- Brain/metabolism
- Brain/pathology
- Cells, Cultured
- Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy/etiology
- Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy/pathology
- Cholesterol/metabolism
- Embryo, Mammalian/cytology
- Embryo, Mammalian/metabolism
- Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
- Humans
- Immunoenzyme Techniques
- Maze Learning
- Memory Disorders/etiology
- Memory Disorders/pathology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Mice, Transgenic
- Mutation/genetics
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/metabolism
- Presenilin-1/physiology
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- Rats
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Sequence Deletion
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Affiliation(s)
- Iliya Lefterov
- From the Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15219 and
| | - Nicholas F. Fitz
- From the Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15219 and
| | - Andrea A. Cronican
- From the Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15219 and
| | - Allison Fogg
- From the Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15219 and
| | - Preslav Lefterov
- From the Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15219 and
| | - Ravindra Kodali
- the Department of Structural Biology and
- Pittsburgh Institute for Neurodegenerative Disorders, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260
| | - Ronald Wetzel
- the Department of Structural Biology and
- Pittsburgh Institute for Neurodegenerative Disorders, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260
| | - Radosveta Koldamova
- From the Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15219 and
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12
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Hu YS, Xu P, Pigino G, Brady ST, Larson J, Lazarov O. Complex environment experience rescues impaired neurogenesis, enhances synaptic plasticity, and attenuates neuropathology in familial Alzheimer's disease-linked APPswe/PS1DeltaE9 mice. FASEB J 2010; 24:1667-81. [PMID: 20086049 PMCID: PMC4050966 DOI: 10.1096/fj.09-136945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2009] [Accepted: 12/17/2009] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Experience in complex environments induces numerous forms of brain plasticity, improving structure and function. It has been long debated whether brain plasticity can be induced under neuropathological conditions, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), to an extent that would reduce neuropathology, rescue brain structure, and restore its function. Here we show that experience in a complex environment rescues a significant impairment of hippocampal neurogenesis in transgenic mice harboring familial AD-linked mutant APPswe/PS1DeltaE9. Proliferation of hippocampal cells is enhanced significantly after enrichment, and these proliferating cells mature to become new neurons and glia. Enhanced neurogenesis was accompanied by a significant reduction in levels of hyperphosphorylated tau and oligomeric Abeta, the precursors of AD hallmarks, in the hippocampus and cortex of enriched mice. Interestingly, enhanced expression of the neuronal anterograde motor kinesin-1 was observed, suggesting enhanced axonal transport in hippocampal and cortical neurons after enrichment. Examination of synaptic physiology revealed that environmental experience significantly enhanced hippocampal long-term potentiation, without notable alterations in basal synaptic transmission. This study suggests that environmental modulation can rescue the impaired phenotype of the Alzheimer's brain and that induction of brain plasticity may represent therapeutic and preventive avenues in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Peng Xu
- Psychiatric Institute, Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, University of Illinois, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | | | | | - John Larson
- Psychiatric Institute, Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, University of Illinois, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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13
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Abstract
How cells become malignant has preoccupied scientists for over a century. However, the converse question is also valid: are tumour cells capable of reverting from their malignant state? Askanazy's studies in 1907 indicated that teratoma cells could differentiate into normal somatic tissues and current evidence indicates that some tumour cells have acquired the molecular circuitry that results in the negation of chromosomal instability, translocations, oncogene activation and loss of tumour suppressor genes. Studying these extremely rare events of tumour reversion and deciphering these pathways, which involve SIAH1, presenilin 1, TSAP6 and translationally controlled tumour protein (TCTP), could lead to new avenues in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Telerman
- LBPA, UMR 8113, Ecole Normale Supérieure, 61 Avenue du Président Wilson, 94235 Cachan, France.
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14
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Fang BY, Jia JP. Human neuroblastoma cells transfected with two Chinese presenilin 1 mutations are sensitized to trophic factor withdrawal and protected by insulin-like growth factor-1. Chin Med J (Engl) 2008; 121:910-915. [PMID: 18706205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Two novel presenilin 1 (PS1) mutations, V97L and A136G, were recently found to be involved in the early-onset of Alzheimer's disease in two Chinese families. This research aimed to verify their pathological effects. METHODS The human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells stably transfected with these two Chinese presenilin 1 mutations were established to explore whether they are sensitive to, or influenced by, serum deprivation and protected by insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1). Apoptosis rate, glucose uptake of the cells and the expression of glucose transport protein 1 (GLUT1) on cell membranes were examined. RESULTS The V97L or A136G mutants significantly decreased the cells viability and increased the apoptosis rate when compare to PS1wt and mock transfected cells. IGF-1 was found to improve the viability of these two kinds of mutant cells significantly, and to show a protective effect for the mutants when they were treated with trophic deprivation. The glucose uptake of each transfected cell line increased to about 25% after IGF-1 treatment, GLUT1 expression on the cell membrane increased modestly by about 15% - 20%. CONCLUSIONS Enhanced sensitivity to trophic withdrawal in the cells transfected with the two Chinese PS1 mutations may contribute to the neuron apoptosis. IGF-1 provided a protective effect to cells, possibly through an enhanced glucose transport and mitochondrial activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo-yan Fang
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning 121001, China
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15
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Wei H, Liang G, Yang H. Isoflurane preconditioning inhibited isoflurane-induced neurotoxicity. Neurosci Lett 2007; 425:59-62. [PMID: 17723266 PMCID: PMC2072048 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2007.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2007] [Revised: 08/08/2007] [Accepted: 08/08/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The commonly used inhaled anesthetic isoflurane has been shown to be both neuroprotective and neurotoxic in various cell cultures and animal models. We hypothesize that, like cerebral ischemia, isoflurane is inherently neurotoxic. Limited exposure of isoflurane provides neuroprotection via induction of endogenous neuroprotective mechanisms (preconditioning), while prolonged exposure of isoflurane induces neurotoxicity directly by its inherent neurotoxic effects. To test this hypothesis, we treated rat primary cortical neurons at different days in vitro (DIV) and rat pheochromocytoma neurosecretory (PC12) cells with or without Alzheimer's mutated presenilin-1 (PS1) with 2.4% isoflurane for 24 h to induce cell damage determined by both MTT (3-(4,5-dimethyithiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-tetrazolium bromide) reduction and LDH (lactate dehydrogenase) release assays. For isoflurane preconditioning, we treated the above cells with isoflurane at 0.6%, 1.2% and 2.4% for 60 min, 4 h prior to a prolonged exposure of 2.4% isoflurane for 24 h. One hour of preconditioning with isoflurane dose-dependently inhibited neurotoxicity induced by 2.4% isoflurane for 24 h in both primary cortical neurons and PC12 cells. This neuroprotection was most dramatically observed in matured cortical neurons (DIV 16) and PC12 cells with over expression of Alzheimer's mutated PS1 (L286V). Preconditioning L286V PC12 cells with equivalent two minimal alveolar concentrations (MAC) of halothane (1.5%), but not sevoflurane (4%), also abolished the neurotoxicity induced by 2.4% isoflurane for 24 h. Overall, these results suggest that isoflurane may be both neuroprotective and neurotoxic, depending on the exposure concentrations and duration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huafeng Wei
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, University of Pennsylvania, 305 John Morgan Building, 3620 Hamilton Walk, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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16
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Czirr E, Leuchtenberger S, Dorner-Ciossek C, Schneider A, Jucker M, Koo EH, Pietrzik CU, Baumann K, Weggen S. Insensitivity to Aβ42-lowering Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs and γ-Secretase Inhibitors Is Common among Aggressive Presenilin-1 Mutations. J Biol Chem 2007; 282:24504-13. [PMID: 17573346 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m700618200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Abeta42-lowering nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) constitute the founding members of a new class of gamma-secretase modulators that avoid side effects of pan-gamma-secretase inhibitors on NOTCH processing and function, holding promise as potential disease-modifying agents for Alzheimer disease (AD). These modulators are active in cell-free gamma-secretase assays indicating that they directly target the gamma-secretase complex. Additional support for this hypothesis was provided by the observation that certain mutations in presenilin-1 (PS1) associated with early-onset familial AD (FAD) change the cellular drug response to Abeta42-lowering NSAIDs. Of particular interest is the PS1-DeltaExon9 mutation, which provokes a pathogenic increase in the Abeta42/Abeta40 ratio and dramatically reduces the cellular response to the Abeta42-lowering NSAID sulindac sulfide. This FAD PS1 mutant is unusual as a splice-site mutation results in deletion of amino acids Thr(291)-Ser(319) including the endoproteolytic cleavage site of PS1, and an additional amino acid exchange (S290C) at the exon 8/10 splice junction. By genetic dissection of the PS1-DeltaExon9 mutation, we now demonstrate that a synergistic effect of the S290C mutation and the lack of endoproteolytic cleavage is sufficient to elevate the Abeta42/Abeta40 ratio and that the attenuated response to sulindac sulfide results partially from the deficiency in endoproteolysis. Importantly, a wider screen revealed that a diminished response to Abeta42-lowering NSAIDs is common among aggressive FAD PS1 mutations. Surprisingly, these mutations were also partially unresponsive to gamma-secretase inhibitors of different structural classes. This was confirmed in a mouse model with transgenic expression of the PS1-L166P mutation, in which the potent gamma-secretase inhibitor LY-411575 failed to reduce brain levels of soluble Abeta42. In summary, these findings highlight the importance of genetic background in drug discovery efforts aimed at gamma-secretase, suggesting that certain AD mouse models harboring aggressive PS mutations may not be informative in assessing in vivo effects of gamma-secretase modulators and inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Czirr
- Emmy Noether Research Group, Mainz, Germany
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17
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Stutzmann GE, Smith I, Caccamo A, Oddo S, Parker I, Laferla F. Enhanced ryanodine-mediated calcium release in mutant PS1-expressing Alzheimer's mouse models. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2007; 1097:265-77. [PMID: 17413028 DOI: 10.1196/annals.1379.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Intracellular Ca(2+) signaling involves Ca(2+) liberation through both inositol triphosphate and ryanodine receptors (IP(3)R and RyR). However, little is known of the functional interactions between these Ca(2+) sources in either neuronal physiology, or during Ca(2+) disruptions associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD). By the use of whole-cell recordings and 2-photon Ca(2+) imaging in cortical slices we distinguished between IP(3)R- and RyR-mediated Ca(2+) components in nontransgenic (non-Tg) and AD mouse models and demonstrate powerful signaling interactions between these channels. Ca(2+)-induced Ca(2+) release (CICR) through RyR contributed modestly to Ca(2+) signals evoked by photoreleased IP(3) in cortical neurons from non-Tg mice. In contrast, the exaggerated signals in 3xTg-AD and PS1(KI) mice resulted primarily from enhanced CICR through RyR, rather than through IP(3)R, and were associated with increased RyR expression levels. Moreover, membrane hyperpolarizations evoked by IP(3) in neurons from AD mouse models were even greater than expected simply from the exaggerated Ca(2+) signals, pointing to an increased coupling efficiency between cytosolic [Ca(2+)] and K(+) channel regulation. Our results highlight the critical roles of RyR-mediated Ca(2+) signaling in both neuronal physiology and pathophysiology, and point to presenilin-linked disruptions in RyR signaling as an important genetic factor in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace E Stutzmann
- Department of Neuroscience, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, The Chicago Medical School, 3333 Green Bay Road, North Chicago, IL 60064, USA.
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18
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Nelson O, Tu H, Lei T, Bentahir M, de Strooper B, Bezprozvanny I. Familial Alzheimer disease-linked mutations specifically disrupt Ca2+ leak function of presenilin 1. J Clin Invest 2007; 117:1230-9. [PMID: 17431506 PMCID: PMC1847535 DOI: 10.1172/jci30447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 181] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2006] [Accepted: 02/13/2007] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutations in presenilins are responsible for approximately 40% of all early-onset familial Alzheimer disease (FAD) cases in which a genetic cause has been identified. In addition, a number of mutations in presenilin-1 (PS1) have been suggested to be associated with the occurrence of frontal temporal dementia (FTD). Presenilins are highly conserved transmembrane proteins that support cleavage of the amyloid precursor protein by gamma-secretase. Recently, we discovered that presenilins also function as passive ER Ca(2+) leak channels. Here we used planar lipid bilayer reconstitution assays and Ca(2+) imaging experiments with presenilin-null mouse embryonic fibroblasts to analyze ER Ca(2+) leak function of 6 FAD-linked PS1 mutants and 3 known FTD-associated PS1 mutants. We discovered that L166P, A246E, E273A, G384A, and P436Q FAD mutations in PS1 abolished ER Ca(2+) leak function of PS1. In contrast, A79V FAD mutation or FTD-associated mutations (L113P, G183V, and Rins352) did not appear to affect ER Ca(2+) leak function of PS1 in our experiments. We validated our findings in Ca(2+) imaging experiments with primary fibroblasts obtained from an FAD patient possessing mutant PS1-A246E. Our results indicate that many FAD mutations in presenilins are loss-of-function mutations affecting ER Ca(2+) leak activity. In contrast, none of the FTD-associated mutations affected ER Ca(2+) leak function of PS1, indicating that the observed effects are disease specific. Our observations are consistent with the potential role of disturbed Ca(2+) homeostasis in Alzheimer disease pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Nelson
- Department of Physiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, Texas, USA.
Center for Human Genetics, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, and Department for Molecular and Developmental Genetics, Flanders Institute for Biotechnology, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Huiping Tu
- Department of Physiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, Texas, USA.
Center for Human Genetics, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, and Department for Molecular and Developmental Genetics, Flanders Institute for Biotechnology, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Tianhua Lei
- Department of Physiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, Texas, USA.
Center for Human Genetics, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, and Department for Molecular and Developmental Genetics, Flanders Institute for Biotechnology, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Mostafa Bentahir
- Department of Physiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, Texas, USA.
Center for Human Genetics, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, and Department for Molecular and Developmental Genetics, Flanders Institute for Biotechnology, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Bart de Strooper
- Department of Physiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, Texas, USA.
Center for Human Genetics, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, and Department for Molecular and Developmental Genetics, Flanders Institute for Biotechnology, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ilya Bezprozvanny
- Department of Physiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, Texas, USA.
Center for Human Genetics, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, and Department for Molecular and Developmental Genetics, Flanders Institute for Biotechnology, Leuven, Belgium
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Takahashi Y, Yasuhiko Y, Kitajima S, Kanno J, Saga Y. Appropriate suppression of Notch signaling by Mesp factors is essential for stripe pattern formation leading to segment boundary formation. Dev Biol 2007; 304:593-603. [PMID: 17306789 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2007.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2006] [Revised: 12/12/2006] [Accepted: 01/04/2007] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Mesp1 and Mesp2 are homologous transcription factors that are co-expressed in the anterior presomitic mesoderm (PSM) during mouse somitogenesis. The loss of Mesp2 alone in our conventional Mesp2-null mice results in the complete disruption of somitogenesis, including segment border formation, rostro-caudal patterning and epithelialization of somitic mesoderm. This has led us to interpret that Mesp2 is solely responsible for somitogenesis. Our novel Mesp2 knock-in alleles, however, exhibit a remarkable upregulation of Mesp1. Removal of the pgk-neo cassette from the new allele leads to localization of Mesp1 and several gene expression, and somite formation in the tail region. Moreover, a reduction in the gene dosage of Mesp1 by one copy disrupts somite formation, confirming the involvement of Mesp1 in the rescue events. Furthermore, we find that activated Notch1 knock-in significantly upregulates Mesp1 expression, even in the absence of a Notch signal mediator, Psen1. This indicates that the Psen1-independent effects of activated Notch1 are mostly attributable to the induction of Mesp1. However, we have also confirmed that Mesp2 enhances the expression of the Notch1 receptor in the anterior PSM. The activation and subsequent suppression of Notch signaling might thus be a crucial event for both stripe pattern formation and boundary formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Takahashi
- Cellular and Molecular Toxicology Division, National Institute of Health Sciences, 1-18-1 Kamiyoga, Setagayaku, Tokyo 158-8501, Japan.
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20
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Abstract
Trimethyltin (TMT) is a toxic organotin compound that produces injury to the central nervous systems of mammals. Recently, high-dose TMT (2.8 mg/kg) has been shown to produce neurodegeneration and subsequent neurogenesis specifically in the hippocampal dentate gyrus of mice, indicating that mice injected with TMT serve as a useful in vivo model to study neurogenesis as well as neurodegeneration in this brain region. In addition, gene-engineered mice have allowed research to focuse on the mechanisms of TMT toxicity. These studies have revealed the involvement of stannin, nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappaB), presenilin-1, apolipoprotein E, and pituitary adenylyl cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) in TMT toxicity and suggested the relationship between genetic mutations and neuronal susceptibility to degeneration. In this review, we briefly summarize the previous studies and discuss the current status of research on TMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norihito Shintani
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita City, Japan.
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21
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Shioi J, Georgakopoulos A, Mehta P, Kouchi Z, Litterst CM, Baki L, Robakis NK. FAD mutants unable to increase neurotoxic Abeta 42 suggest that mutation effects on neurodegeneration may be independent of effects on Abeta. J Neurochem 2007; 101:674-81. [PMID: 17254019 DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2006.04391.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Strong support for a primary causative role of the Abeta peptides in the development of Alzheimer's disease (AD) neurodegeneration derives from reports that presenilin familial AD (FAD) mutants alter amyloid precursor protein processing, thus increasing production of neurotoxic Abeta 1-42 (Abeta 42). This effect of FAD mutants is also reflected in an increased ratio of peptides Abeta 42 over Abeta 1-40 (Abeta 40). In the present study, we show that several presenilin 1 FAD mutants failed to increase production of Abeta 42 or the Abeta 42/40 ratio. Our data suggest that the mechanism by which FAD mutations promote neurodegeneration and AD may be independent of their effects on Abeta production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junichi Shioi
- Department of Psychiatry, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York University, New York, NY 10029, USA
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22
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Nakajima M, Ogawa M, Shimoda Y, Koseki H, Shirasawa T, Furukawa K. Accelerated acquisition of permeability barrier function in the skin of presenilin-1-deficient embryos. Arch Dermatol Res 2006; 298:339-45. [PMID: 16969656 DOI: 10.1007/s00403-006-0696-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2006] [Revised: 07/15/2006] [Accepted: 08/15/2006] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Presenilin-1 (PS1) is a transmembrane protein and is responsible for the development of early-onset familial Alzheimer's disease. PS1 is essential for neurogenesis, somitogenesis, angiogenesis and cardiac morphogenesis. We report here that PS1 is involved in the development of skin barrier function. PS1-deficient embryos showed an accelerated acquisition of permeability barrier function at embryonic day 17.5 as manifested by the exclusion of a dye solution. While the expression of beta-catenin and epidermal differentiation markers such as keratin 1 and loricrin was not substantially altered, an increased accumulation of E-cadherin was observed immunohistochemically in the mutant skin. These results suggest that PS1 regulates the acquisition of permeability barrier function in the skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsunari Nakajima
- Department of Biosignal Research, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-0015, Japan
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23
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Kuzuya A, Uemura K, Kitagawa N, Aoyagi N, Kihara T, Ninomiya H, Ishiura S, Takahashi R, Shimohama S. Presenilin 1 is involved in the maturation of β-site amyloid precursor protein-cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1). J Neurosci Res 2006; 85:153-65. [PMID: 17075903 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.21104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
One of the pathologic hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease is the excessive deposition of beta-amyloid peptides (Abeta) in senile plaques. Abeta is generated when beta-amyloid precursor protein (APP) is cleaved sequentially by beta-secretase, identified as beta-site APP-cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1), and gamma-secretase, a putative enzymatic complex containing presenilin 1 (PS1). However, functional interaction between PS1 and BACE1 has never been known. In addition to this classical role in the generation of Abeta peptides, it has also been proposed that PS1 affects the intracellular trafficking and maturation of selected membrane proteins. We show that the levels of exogenous and endogenous mature BACE1 expressed in presenilin-deficient mouse embryonic fibroblasts (PS-/-MEFs) were reduced significantly compared to those in wild-type MEFs. Moreover, the levels of mature BACE1 were increased in human neuroblastoma cell line, SH-SY5Y, stably expressing wild-type PS1, compared to native cells. Conversely, the maturation of BACE1 was compromised under the stable expression of dominant-negative mutant PS1 overexpression. Immunoprecipitation assay showed that PS1 preferably interacts with proBACE1 rather than mature BACE1, indicating that PS1 can be directly involved in the maturation process of BACE1. Further, endogenous PS1 was immunoprecipitated with endogenous BACE1 in SH-SY5Y cells and mouse brain tissue. We conclude that PS1 is directly involved in the maturation of BACE1, thus possibly functioning as a regulator of both beta- and gamma-secretase in Abeta generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Kuzuya
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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24
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Wei XL, Zhang YX. [Protein kinases and Alzheimer's disease]. Sheng Li Ke Xue Jin Zhan 1999; 30:359-62. [PMID: 12532835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2023]
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