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Narasimha A, Basu B. New insights into the activation of Radiation Desiccation Response regulon in Deinococcus radiodurans. J Biosci 2021; 46:10. [PMID: 33709962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The highly radiation-resistant bacterium Deinococcus radiodurans responds to gamma radiation or desiccation through the coordinated expression of genes belonging to Radiation and Desiccation Resistance/Response (RDR) regulon. RDR regulon is operated through cis-acting sequence RDRM (Radiation Desiccation Response Motif), trans-acting repressor DdrO and protease IrrE (also called PprI). The present study evaluated whether RDR regulon controls the response of D. radiodurans to various other DNA damaging stressors, to which it is resistant, such as UV rays, mitomycin C (MMC), methyl methanesulfonate (MMS), ethidium bromide (EtBr), etc. Activation of 3 RDR regulon genes (ddrB, gyrB and DR1143) was studied by tagging their promoter sequences with a highly sensitive GFP reporter. Here we demonstrated that all the DNA damaging stressors elicited activation of RDR regulon of D. radiodurans in a dose-dependent and RDRM-/IrrE-dependent manner. However, ROS-mediated indirect effects [induced by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), methyl viologen (MV), heavy metal/metalloid (zinc or tellurite), etc.] did not activate RDR regulon. We also showed that level of activation was inversely proportional to cellular abundance of repressor DdrO. Our data strongly suggests that direct DNA damage activates RDR regulon in D. radiodurans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anaganti Narasimha
- Molecular Biology Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400 085, India
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Friedrich D, Friedel L, Finzel A, Herrmann A, Preibisch S, Loewer A. Stochastic transcription in the p53-mediated response to DNA damage is modulated by burst frequency. Mol Syst Biol 2019; 15:e9068. [PMID: 31885199 PMCID: PMC6886302 DOI: 10.15252/msb.20199068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Revised: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Discontinuous transcription has been described for different mammalian cell lines and numerous promoters. However, our knowledge of how the activity of individual promoters is adjusted by dynamic signaling inputs from transcription factors is limited. To address this question, we characterized the activity of selected target genes that are regulated by pulsatile accumulation of the tumor suppressor p53 in response to ionizing radiation. We performed time-resolved measurements of gene expression at the single-cell level by smFISH and used the resulting data to inform a mathematical model of promoter activity. We found that p53 target promoters are regulated by frequency modulation of stochastic bursting and can be grouped along three archetypes of gene expression. The occurrence of these archetypes cannot solely be explained by nuclear p53 abundance or promoter binding of total p53. Instead, we provide evidence that the time-varying acetylation state of p53's C-terminal lysine residues is critical for gene-specific regulation of stochastic bursting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhana Friedrich
- Department for BiologyTechnische Universität DarmstadtDarmstadtGermany
- Berlin Institute for Medical Systems BiologyMax Delbrück Center in the Helmholtz AssociationBerlinGermany
- Department for BiologyHumboldt Universität zu BerlinBerlinGermany
| | - Laura Friedel
- Department for BiologyTechnische Universität DarmstadtDarmstadtGermany
| | - Ana Finzel
- Berlin Institute for Medical Systems BiologyMax Delbrück Center in the Helmholtz AssociationBerlinGermany
| | - Andreas Herrmann
- Department for BiologyHumboldt Universität zu BerlinBerlinGermany
| | - Stephan Preibisch
- Berlin Institute for Medical Systems BiologyMax Delbrück Center in the Helmholtz AssociationBerlinGermany
- Janelia Research CampusHoward Hughes Medical InstituteVAAshburnUSA
| | - Alexander Loewer
- Department for BiologyTechnische Universität DarmstadtDarmstadtGermany
- Berlin Institute for Medical Systems BiologyMax Delbrück Center in the Helmholtz AssociationBerlinGermany
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Abstract
The Gram-positive bacterium Bacillus subtilis exhibits complex spatial and temporal gene expression signals. Although optogenetic tools are ideal for studying such processes, none has been engineered for this organism. Here, we port a cyanobacterial light sensor pathway comprising the green/red photoreversible two-component system CcaSR, two metabolic enzymes for production of the chromophore phycocyanobilin (PCB), and an output promoter to control transcription of a gene of interest into B. subtilis. Following an initial non-functional design, we optimize expression of pathway genes, enhance PCB production via a translational fusion of the biosynthetic enzymes, engineer a strong chimeric output promoter, and increase dynamic range with a miniaturized photosensor kinase. Our final design exhibits over 70-fold activation and rapid response dynamics, making it well-suited to studying a wide range of gene regulatory processes. In addition, the synthetic biology methods we develop to port this pathway should make B. subtilis easier to engineer in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elliot A Baerman
- Department of Biosciences, Rice University, 6100 Main St., Houston, TX, 77005, USA
| | - Masaya Fujita
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, 4800 Calhoun Rd., Houston, TX, 77004, USA
| | - Oleg A Igoshin
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, 6100 Main St., Houston, TX, 77005, USA
- Department of Biosciences, Rice University, 6100 Main St., Houston, TX, 77005, USA
- Center for Theoretical Biophysics, Rice University, 6100 Main St., Houston, TX, 77005, USA
| | - Jeffrey J Tabor
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, 6100 Main St., Houston, TX, 77005, USA.
- Department of Biosciences, Rice University, 6100 Main St., Houston, TX, 77005, USA.
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Kuzmina NS, Lapteva NS, Rusinova GG, Azizova TV, Vyazovskaya NS, Rubanovich AV. Gene hypermethylation in blood leukocytes in humans long term after radiation exposure - Validation set. Environ Pollut 2018; 234:935-942. [PMID: 29253833 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.12.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Revised: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 12/10/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Hypermethylation of СpG islands in the promoter regions of several genes with basic protective function in blood leukocytes of individuals exposed to ionizing radiation long time ago (2-46 years), and differential effects of age and radiation exposure on hypermethylation was reported in our previous work. To validate these results, epigenetic modifications were assessed in an independent series of 49 nuclear industry workers from the "Mayak" facility (67-84 years old at sampling) with documented individual accumulated doses from the prolonged external γ-radiation exposure (95.9-409.5 cGy, end of work with radiation:0.3-39 years ago), and in 50 non-exposed persons matched by age. In addition to the genes analyzed before (RASSF1A, p16/INK4A, p14/ARF, GSTP1), four additional loci were analyzed: TP53, ATM, SOD3, ESR1. The frequency of individuals displaying promoter methylation of at least one of the 8 genes (71.4%) was significantly higher in exposed group as compared to the control group (40%), p = .002, OR = 3.75. A significantly elevated frequency of individuals with hypermethylated СpG islands in GSTP1, TP53, SOD3 promoters was revealed among exposed subjects as compared to the control group (p = .012, OR = 8.41; p = .041, OR = 4.02 and p = .009, OR = 3.42, respectively). A similar trend (p = .12, OR = 3.06) was observed for the p16/INK4A gene. As a whole, p16/INK4A and GSTP1 promoter hypermethylation in irradiated subjects from both previously and currently analyzed groups was pronounced. Thus, the direction of the effects was fully confirmed, suggesting the result reproducibility. No statistically significant correlation between promoter methylation and individual radiation dose was found. Further studies are required to create an array of blood epigenetic markers of radiation exposure associating with premature aging and age-related diseases and to accurately evaluate radiation-added effect across the range of doses. SYNTHESIS The results of studies of epigenetic changes in two independent samples of irradiated subjects indicated the significance of radiation factor in the induction of hypermethylation of CpG islands in gene promoters that is revealed in blood cells years and decades after exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina S Kuzmina
- N.I. Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991, Moscow, Russia.
| | - Nellya Sh Lapteva
- N.I. Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991, Moscow, Russia.
| | | | | | | | - Alexander V Rubanovich
- N.I. Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991, Moscow, Russia.
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Tini P, Nardone V, Pastina P, Battaglia G, Miracco C, Sebaste L, Rubino G, Cerase A, Pirtoli L. Patients Affected by Unmethylated O(6)-Methylguanine-DNA Methyltransferase Glioblastoma Undergoing Radiochemotherapy May Benefit from Moderately Dose-Escalated Radiotherapy. Biomed Res Int 2017; 2017:9461402. [PMID: 29159183 PMCID: PMC5660746 DOI: 10.1155/2017/9461402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To compare the therapeutic results of two radiotherapy (RT) dose schedules in combined temozolomide- (TMZ-) RT treatment in newly diagnosed glioblastoma (GB), according to the O(6)-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) methylation status. MATERIAL AND METHOD Patients received either standard (60 Gy) or moderately escalated dose (70 Gy) radiotherapy (RT) with concomitant and adjuvant TMZ between June 2006 and October 2013. We retrospectively evaluated the therapeutic effectiveness of RT schedules in terms of Overall Survival (OS) and Progression-Disease Free Survival (PDFS) analyzing the MGMT methylation status. RESULTS One hundred and seventeen patients were selected for the present analysis. Seventy-two out of the selected cases received the standard RT-TMZ course (SDRT-TMZ) whereas the remaining 45 underwent the escalated schedule (HDRT-TMZ). The analysis according to the MGMT promoter methylation status showed that, in unmethylated-MGMT GB patients, HDRT-TMZ and SDRT-TMZ groups had different median OS (p = 0,01) and PDFS (p = 0,007), that is, 8 months and 5 months for the SDRT-TMZ group and 14 months and 9 months for the HDRT-TMZ group, respectively. No difference in survival outcomes was found in methylated MGMT patients according to the two RT schedules (p = 0,12). CONCLUSIONS In our experience, unmethylated-MGMT GB patients benefited from a moderately escalated dose of RT plus TMZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Tini
- Sbarro Health Research Organization, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Unit of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Valerio Nardone
- Unit of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Pierpaolo Pastina
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurological Sciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Battaglia
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurological Sciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Clelia Miracco
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurological Sciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
- Unit of Pathological Anatomy, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurological Sciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Lucio Sebaste
- Unit of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Giovanni Rubino
- Unit of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Alfonso Cerase
- Unit of Neuroradiology, University Hospital of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Luigi Pirtoli
- Unit of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital of Siena, Siena, Italy
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurological Sciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
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Santa-Cruz D, Pacienza N, Zilli C, Pagano E, Balestrasse K, Yannarelli G. Heme oxygenase up-regulation under ultraviolet-B radiation is not epigenetically restricted and involves specific stress-related transcriptions factors. Redox Biol 2017; 12:549-557. [PMID: 28384610 PMCID: PMC5382145 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2017.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 03/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) plays a protective role against oxidative stress in plants. The mechanisms regulating its expression, however, remain unclear. Here we studied the methylation state of a GC rich HO-1 promoter region and the expression of several stress-related transcription factors (TFs) in soybean plants subjected to ultraviolet-B (UV-B) radiation. Genomic DNA and total RNA were isolated from leaves of plants irradiated with 7.5 and 15kJm-2 UV-B. A 304bp HO-1 promoter region was amplified by PCR from sodium bisulfite-treated DNA, cloned into pGEMT plasmid vector and evaluated by DNA sequencing. Bisulfite sequencing analysis showed similar HO-1 promoter methylation levels in control and UV-B-treated plants (C: 3.4±1.3%; 7.5: 2.6±0.5%; 15: 3.1±1.1%). Interestingly, HO-1 promoter was strongly unmethylated in control plants. Quantitative RT-PCR analysis of TFs showed that GmMYB177, GmMYBJ6, GmWRKY21, GmNAC11, GmNAC20 and GmGT2A but not GmWRK13 and GmDREB were induced by UV-B radiation. The expression of several TFs was also enhanced by hemin, a potent and specific HO inducer, inferring that they may mediate HO-1 up-regulation. These results suggest that soybean HO-1 gene expression is not epigenetically regulated. Moreover, the low level of HO-1 promoter methylation suggests that this antioxidant enzyme can rapidly respond to environmental stress. Finally, this study has identified some stress-related TFs involved in HO-1 up-regulation under UV-B radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Santa-Cruz
- Laboratorio de Regulación Génica y Células Madre, Instituto de Medicina Traslacional, Trasplante y Bioingeniería (IMeTTyB), Universidad Favaloro-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Instituto de Investigaciones en Biociencias Agrícolas y Ambientales (INBA), Facultad de Agronomía, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Natalia Pacienza
- Laboratorio de Regulación Génica y Células Madre, Instituto de Medicina Traslacional, Trasplante y Bioingeniería (IMeTTyB), Universidad Favaloro-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Carla Zilli
- Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Instituto de Investigaciones en Biociencias Agrícolas y Ambientales (INBA), Facultad de Agronomía, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Eduardo Pagano
- Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Instituto de Investigaciones en Biociencias Agrícolas y Ambientales (INBA), Facultad de Agronomía, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Karina Balestrasse
- Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Instituto de Investigaciones en Biociencias Agrícolas y Ambientales (INBA), Facultad de Agronomía, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Gustavo Yannarelli
- Laboratorio de Regulación Génica y Células Madre, Instituto de Medicina Traslacional, Trasplante y Bioingeniería (IMeTTyB), Universidad Favaloro-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Roman H, Girault T, Le Gourrierec J, Leduc N. In silico analysis of 3 expansin gene promoters reveals 2 hubs controlling light and cytokinins response during bud outgrowth. Plant Signal Behav 2017; 12:e1284725. [PMID: 28263675 PMCID: PMC5351728 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2017.1284725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Bud outgrowth is under the intricate control of environmental and endogenous factors. In a recent paper, 1 we demonstrated that light perceived by Rosa buds triggers cytokinins (CK) synthesis within 3 hours in the adjacent node followed by their transport to the bud. There, CK control expression of a set of major genes (strigolactones-, auxin-, sugar sink strength-, cells division and elongation-related genes) leading to bud outgrowth in light. Conversely, under dark condition, CK accumulation and transport to the bud are repressed and no bud outgrowth occurs. In this paper, we show that the 3 expansin genes RhEXPA1,2,3 are under the control of both light and CK during bud outgrowth. In silico analysis of promoter sequences highlights 2 regions enriched in light and CK cis-regulatory elements as well as a specific cis-element in pRhEXPA3, potentially responsible for the expression patterns observed in response to CK and light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanaé Roman
- IRHS, Université d'Angers, INRA, AGROCAMPUS-Ouest, SFR 4207 QUASAV, Beaucouzé cedex, France
| | - Tiffanie Girault
- IRHS, Université d'Angers, INRA, AGROCAMPUS-Ouest, SFR 4207 QUASAV, Beaucouzé cedex, France
| | - José Le Gourrierec
- IRHS, Université d'Angers, INRA, AGROCAMPUS-Ouest, SFR 4207 QUASAV, Beaucouzé cedex, France
| | - Nathalie Leduc
- IRHS, Université d'Angers, INRA, AGROCAMPUS-Ouest, SFR 4207 QUASAV, Beaucouzé cedex, France
- CONTACT Nathalie Leduc IRHS, Campus du Végétal, 42 rue Georges Morel, 49071 Beaucouzé, France
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Boaventura P, Batista R, Pestana A, Reis M, Mendes A, Eloy C, Sobrinho-Simões M, Soares P. TERT promoter mutations: a genetic signature of benign and malignant thyroid tumours occurring in the context of tinea capitis irradiation. Eur J Endocrinol 2017; 176:49-55. [PMID: 27760791 DOI: 10.1530/eje-16-0740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Revised: 10/15/2016] [Accepted: 10/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study is to evaluate the frequency and molecular characteristics of TERTp mutations in thyroid adenomas and carcinomas occurring in the low-dose radiation exposure tinea capitis setting. DESIGN AND METHODS Twenty-seven patients with 34 well-differentiated thyroid carcinomas and 28 patients with 29 follicular adenomas diagnosed in a Portuguese tinea capitis cohort were studied. Blood samples were obtained from all the patients. Screening for TERTp mutations was performed by PCR amplification followed by Sanger sequencing. A series of 33 sporadic thyroid adenomas was used as control. RESULTS TERTp mutations were detected in six of the 28 patients with adenoma (21.4%) and in four of the 27 patients with carcinoma (14.8%). Three tumours (two carcinomas and one adenoma) had the tandem mutation -124/-125 GG>AA (30.0%), whereas the remaining seven had the -124G > A. The 20.7% frequency of TERTp mutations in adenomas contrasts with the absence of mutations in the adenomas from the control group and from most series on record, whereas the one found in carcinomas (11.8%) is similar to those reported in the literature for sporadic carcinomas. CONCLUSION TERTp mutations, including the tandem mutation -124/-125 GG>AA not described previously in thyroid tumours, appear to represent a genetic signature for thyroid tumours in patients submitted to low-dose X-ray irradiation. The high frequency of TERTp mutations in the adenomas of our cohort contrasts with their absence in sporadically occurring, as well as in adenomas of the Chernobyl series.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Boaventura
- IPATIMUP - Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of PortoPorto, Portugal
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em SaúdeUniversidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Rui Batista
- IPATIMUP - Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of PortoPorto, Portugal
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em SaúdeUniversidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Pestana
- IPATIMUP - Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of PortoPorto, Portugal
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em SaúdeUniversidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Marta Reis
- IPATIMUP - Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of PortoPorto, Portugal
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em SaúdeUniversidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Adélia Mendes
- IPATIMUP - Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of PortoPorto, Portugal
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em SaúdeUniversidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Catarina Eloy
- IPATIMUP - Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of PortoPorto, Portugal
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em SaúdeUniversidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Manuel Sobrinho-Simões
- IPATIMUP - Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of PortoPorto, Portugal
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em SaúdeUniversidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Faculty of MedicineUniversity of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Department of PathologyCentro Hospitalar de S. João, Porto, Portugal
| | - Paula Soares
- IPATIMUP - Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of PortoPorto, Portugal
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em SaúdeUniversidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Faculty of MedicineUniversity of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Abstract
Recent advances in the development of light-inducible transgene expression systems have overcome many inherent drawbacks of conventional chemically regulated systems. The latest generation of those light-regulated systems that are specifically responsive to different wavelengths allows spatiotemporal control of gene expression in a so far unprecedented manner.In this chapter, we first describe the available light-inducible gene expression systems compatible with mammalian cells and explain their underlying mechanisms. Afterward, we give a detailed protocol for the implementation of a UVB light-inducible expression system in mammalian cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Hörner
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Spemann Graduate School of Biology and Medicine (SGBM), University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Centre for Biological Signalling Studies (BIOSS), University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Konrad Müller
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Centre for Biological Signalling Studies (BIOSS), University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Novartis Pharma AG, Biologics Technical Development and Manufacturing, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Wilfried Weber
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
- Spemann Graduate School of Biology and Medicine (SGBM), University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
- Centre for Biological Signalling Studies (BIOSS), University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
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Lu J, Guo JH, Tu XL, Zhang C, Zhao M, Zhang QW, Gao FH. Tiron Inhibits UVB-Induced AP-1 Binding Sites Transcriptional Activation on MMP-1 and MMP-3 Promoters by MAPK Signaling Pathway in Human Dermal Fibroblasts. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0159998. [PMID: 27486852 PMCID: PMC4972414 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0159998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2016] [Accepted: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent research found that Tiron was an effective antioxidant that could act as the intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenger or alleviate the acute toxic metal overload in vivo. In this study, we investigated the inhibitory effect of Tiron on matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1 and MMP-3 expression in human dermal fibroblast cells. Western blot and ELISA analysis revealed that Tiron inhibited ultraviolet B (UVB)-induced protein expression of MMP-1 and MMP-3. Real-time quantitative PCR confirmed that Tiron could inhibit UVB-induced mRNA expression of MMP-1 and MMP-3. Furthermore, Tiron significantly blocked UVB-induced activation of the MAPK signaling pathway and activator protein (AP)-1 in the downstream of this transduction pathway in fibroblasts. Through the AP-1 binding site mutation, it was found that Tiron could inhibit AP-1-induced upregulation of MMP-1 and MMP-3 expression through blocking AP-1 binding to the AP-1 binding sites in the MMP-1 and MMP-3 promoter region. In conclusion, Tiron may be a novel antioxidant for preventing and treating skin photoaging UV-induced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Lu
- Institute of Oncology, Shanghai 9th People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jia-Hui Guo
- Institute of Oncology, Shanghai 9th People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xue-Liang Tu
- Yellow River Hospital Attached Henan University of Science and Technology, Sanmeixia, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- Institute of Oncology, Shanghai 9th People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Mei Zhao
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Quan-Wu Zhang
- Department of pathology, Zhengzhou central hospital affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- * E-mail: (F-HG); (Q-WZ)
| | - Feng-Hou Gao
- Institute of Oncology, Shanghai 9th People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail: (F-HG); (Q-WZ)
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Kuzmina NS, Lapteva NS, Rubanovich AV. Hypermethylation of gene promoters in peripheral blood leukocytes in humans long term after radiation exposure. Environ Res 2016; 146:10-17. [PMID: 26708527 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2015.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2015] [Revised: 12/07/2015] [Accepted: 12/08/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Some human genes known to undergo age-related promoter hypermethylation. These epigenetic modifications are similar to those occurring in the course of certain diseases, e.g. some types of cancer, which in turn may also associate with age. Given external genotoxic factors may additionally contribute to hypermethylation, this study was designed to analyzes, using methylation-sensitive polymerase chain reaction (PCR), the CpG island hypermethylation in RASSF1A, CDKN2A (including p16/INK4A and p14/ARF) and GSTP1 promoters in peripheral blood leukocytes of individuals exposed to ionizing radiation long time ago. One hundred and twenty-four irradiated subjects (24-77 years old at sampling: 83 Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant clean-up workers, 21 nuclear workers, 20 residents of territories with radioactive contamination) and 208 unirradiated volunteers (19-77 years old at sampling) were enrolled. In addition, 74 non-exposed offspring (2-51 years old at sampling) born to irradiated parents were examined. The frequency of individuals displaying promoter methylation of at least one gene in exposed group was significantly higher as compared to the control group (OR=5.44, 95% CI=2.62-11.76, p=3.9×10(-7)). No significant difference was found between the frequency of subjects with the revealed promoter methylation in the group of offspring born to irradiated parents and in the control group. The increase in the number of methylated loci of RASSF1A and p14/ARF was associated with age (β=0.242; p=1.7×10(-5)). In contrast, hypermethylation of p16/INK4A and GSTP1 genes correlated with the fact of radiation exposure only (β=0.290; p=1.7×10(-7)). The latter finding demonstrates that methylation changes in blood leukocytes of healthy subjects exposed to radiation resemble those reported in human malignancies. Additional studies are required to identify the dose-response of epigenetic markers specifically associating with radiation-induced premature aging and/or with the development of age-associated cancer and non-cancer diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina S Kuzmina
- N.I. Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.
| | - Nellya Sh Lapteva
- N.I. Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
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12
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Su L, Shan JX, Gao JP, Lin HX. OsHAL3, a Blue Light-Responsive Protein, Interacts with the Floral Regulator Hd1 to Activate Flowering in Rice. Mol Plant 2016; 9:233-244. [PMID: 26537047 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2015.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2015] [Revised: 09/24/2015] [Accepted: 10/21/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In flowering plants, photoperiodic flowering is controlled by a complicated network. Light is one of the most important environmental stimuli that control the timing of the transition from vegetative growth to reproductive development. Several photoreceptors, including PHYA, PHYB, CRY2, and FKF1 in Arabidopsis and their homologs (OsPHYA, OsPHYB, OsPHYC, and OsCRY2) in rice, have been identified to be related to flowering. Our previous study suggests that OsHAL3, a flavin mononucleotide-binding protein, may function as a blue-light sensor. Here, we report the identification of OsHAL3 as a positive regulator of flowering in rice. OsHAL3 overexpression lines exhibited an early flowering phenotype, whereas downregulation of OsHAL3 expression by RNA interference delayed flowering under an inductive photoperiod (short-day conditions). The change in flowering time was not accompanied by altered Hd1 expression but rather by reduced accumulation of Hd3a and MADS14 transcripts. OsHAL3 and Hd1 colocalized in the nucleus and physically interacted in vivo under the dark, whereas their interaction was inhibited by white or blue light. Moreover, OsHAL3 directly bound to the promoter of Hd3a, especially before dawn. We conclude that OsHAL3, a novel light-responsive protein, plays an essential role in photoperiodic control of flowering time in rice, which is probably mediated by forming a complex with Hd1. Our findings open up new perspectives on the photoperiodic flowering pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Su
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Centre for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences and Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 300 Fenglin Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jun-Xiang Shan
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Centre for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences and Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 300 Fenglin Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Ji-Ping Gao
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Centre for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences and Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 300 Fenglin Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Hong-Xuan Lin
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Centre for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences and Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 300 Fenglin Road, Shanghai 200032, China.
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13
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Abstract
In the present study, we isolated an Arabidopsis promoter, UGT71C5, and analyzed its role in the regulation of the light response mechanism. We constructed a fusion vector pBI121-pU-GUS by integrating the UGT71C5 promoter upstream of the GUS reporter gene in pBI121, and then transferred this vector into Arabidopsis plants. The GUS activity of the transgenic plants was detected using a spectrophotometer under normal growth conditions as well as under light, drought, and ABA stress-treatments. The obtained results indicated that the GUS activity of transgenic plants ranged in between the activities observed in wild-type and 35S transgenic plants, which were used as positive control. Light stress for 8 and 12 h increased the GUS activity in transgenic plants by 3 and 4 times, respectively, compared to the activity in these plants under normal conditions. No such change in the GUS activity was observed under drought and ABA-treated conditions. This suggests that the UGT71C5 promoter is light inducible. Our study provides helpful insights into the elucidation of inducible promoters in Arabidopsis and the molecular mechanisms of light response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Liu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Department of Biotechnology, Chengdu Institute of Biological Products, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Q H Luo
- Longquanyi District Bureau of Agriculture Development, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - J M Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - X F Li
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Y Yang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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Zavilgelsky GB, Melkina OE, Kotova VY, Konopleva MN, Manukhov IV, Pustovoit KS. [Photoreactivating Activity of Bioluminescence: Repair of UV-damaged DNA of Escherichia coli Occurs with Assistance of lux-Genes of Marine Bacteria]. Biofizika 2015; 60:898-905. [PMID: 26591600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The UV resistance of luminescent bacteria Escherichia coli AB1886 uvrA6 (pLeo1) containing the plasmid with luxCDABE genes of marine bacteria Photobacterium leiognathi is approximately two times higher than the UV resistance of non-luminous bacteria E. coli AB1886 uvrA6. Introduction of phr::kan(r) mutations (a defect in the functional activity of photolyase) into the genome of E. coli AB1886 uvrA6 (pLeo1) completely removes the high UV resistance of the cells. Therefore, photoreactivation that involves bacterial photolyase contributes mainly to the bioluminescence-induced DNA repair. It is shown that photoreactivating activity of bioluminescence of P. leiognathi is about 2.5 times lower compared with that one induced by a light source with λ > 385 nm. It is also shown that an increase in the bioluminescence intensity, induced by UV radiation in E. coli bacterial cells with a plasmid containing the luxCD ABE genes under RecA-LexA-regulated promoters, occurs only 25-30 min later after UV irradiation of cells and does not contribute to DNA repair. A quorum sensing regulatory system is not involved in the DNA repair by photolyase.
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Kim IG, Lee JH, Kim SY, Kim JY, Cho EW. Fibulin-3 negatively regulates ALDH1 via c-MET suppression and increases γ-radiation-induced sensitivity in some pancreatic cancer cell lines. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2014; 454:369-75. [PMID: 25451256 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2014.10.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2014] [Accepted: 10/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Fibulin-3 (FBLN-3) has been postulated to be either a tumor suppressor or promoter depending on the cell type, and hypermethylation of the FBLN-3 promoter is often associated with human disease, especially cancer. We report that the promoter region of the FBLN-3 was significantly methylated (>95%) in some pancreatic cancer cell lines and thus FBLN-3 was poorly expressed in pancreatic cancer cell lines such as AsPC-1 and MiaPaCa-2. FBLN-3 overexpression significantly down-regulated the cellular level of c-MET and inhibited hepatocyte growth factor-induced c-MET activation, which were closely associated with γ-radiation resistance of cancer cells. Moreover, we also showed that c-MET suppression or inactivation decreased the cellular level of ALDH1 isozymes (ALDH1A1 or ALDH1A3), which serve as cancer stem cell markers, and subsequently induced inhibition of cell growth in pancreatic cancer cells. Therefore, forced overexpression of FBLN-3 sensitized cells to cytotoxic agents such as γ-radiation and strongly inhibited the stemness and epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) property of pancreatic cancer cells. On the other hand, if FBLN3 was suppressed in FBLN-3-expressing BxPC3 cells, the results were opposite. This study provides the first demonstration that the FBLN-3/c-MET/ALDH1 axis in pancreatic cancer cells partially modulates stemness and EMT as well as sensitization of cells to the detrimental effects of γ-radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- In-Gyu Kim
- Department of Radiation Biology, Environmental Radiation Research Group, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, 989-111 Daedeok-daero, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-353, Republic of Korea; Department of Radiation Biotechnology and Applied Radioisotope, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), 989-111 Daedeok-daero, Yusong-gu, Daejeon 305-353, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jae-Ha Lee
- Department of Radiation Biology, Environmental Radiation Research Group, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, 989-111 Daedeok-daero, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-353, Republic of Korea; Department of Radiation Biotechnology and Applied Radioisotope, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), 989-111 Daedeok-daero, Yusong-gu, Daejeon 305-353, Republic of Korea
| | - Seo-Yoen Kim
- Department of Radiation Biology, Environmental Radiation Research Group, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, 989-111 Daedeok-daero, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-353, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Yul Kim
- Department of Radiation Biology, Environmental Radiation Research Group, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, 989-111 Daedeok-daero, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-353, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Wie Cho
- Epigenomics Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-806, Republic of Korea
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Ji S, Tian Y, Lu Y, Sun R, Ji J, Zhang L, Duan S. Irradiation-induced hippocampal neurogenesis impairment is associated with epigenetic regulation of bdnf gene transcription. Brain Res 2014; 1577:77-88. [PMID: 25020123 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2014.06.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2013] [Revised: 05/07/2014] [Accepted: 06/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Radiotherapy is often employed for the treatment of head and neck cancer. Unfortunately, its neurotoxic effects on normal brain tissue often compromise the quality of life (QOL) for survivors. Particularly, acute cognitive deficit (ACD), which can occur several days to one month after irradiation, limits its therapeutic use. Impairment of neurogenesis in the hippocampus plays a key role in the development of radiation-induced cognitive deficit, and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) may be involved. In the present study, we re-evaluated the effects of different doses of radiation on the development of ACD in Sprague Dawley rats. Our results showed that 30 Gy, but not 2 Gy or 10 Gy of whole brain radiation (WBI), led to significant deficits in cognitive functions at one month post-irradiation. At 7 and 30 days post-irradiation, immunofluorescence showed WBI had seriously impeded the production of new neurons and shortened their survival time. Additionally, decreased bdnf mRNA and protein expression were also observed. A significant decrease in histone deacetylase 1 (HDAC1)-dependent H3 acetylation was observed at bdnf promoters by ChIP analysis. TSA, an HDAC inhibitor, triggered bdnf transcription and rescued neurogenesis impairment following WBI. In summary, our results suggest that a single-dose exposure to 30 Gy WBI induced acute cognitive dysfunction in rats. Additionally, radiation-induced persistent inhibition of bdnf gene transcription resulting from lowered rates of HDAC1-dependent H3 acetylation was associated with long-term impairment of neurogenesis in the denate gyrus (DG). Triggering of BDNF-TrkB signaling by inhibition of HDAC-1 may be used to stimulate neurogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengjun Ji
- Department of Radiotherapy & Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, San Xiang Road No. 1055, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215004, China
| | - Ye Tian
- Department of Radiotherapy & Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, San Xiang Road No. 1055, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215004, China.
| | - Yi Lu
- The Institute of Neuroscience, Zhejiang University, Yuhangtang Road No. 866, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Rui Sun
- Department of Radiotherapy & Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, San Xiang Road No. 1055, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215004, China
| | - Jianfeng Ji
- Department of Radiotherapy & Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, San Xiang Road No. 1055, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215004, China
| | - Liyuan Zhang
- Department of Radiotherapy & Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, San Xiang Road No. 1055, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215004, China
| | - Shumin Duan
- The Institute of Neuroscience, Zhejiang University, Yuhangtang Road No. 866, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Kuz'mina NS, Miazin AE, Lapteva NS, Rubanovich AV. [The study of aberrant methylation in blood leukocytes of liquidators of the Chernobyl accident]. Radiats Biol Radioecol 2014; 54:127-139. [PMID: 25764814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The study of aberrant methylation of CpG islands in the promoter regions of genes (P16/CDKN2A, P14/ARF, RASSF1A, GSTP1) in blood leukocytes of liquidators of the Chernobyl accident (n = 83, 38-76 years of age) and control subjects of two groups (n = 48, age ≤ 35 and n = 65, age > 35) was carried out using methylation-sensitive restriction endonuclease analysis followed by PCR. The total number of AciI sites in the analyzed fragments ranged from 2 to 7 for different genes. Only 1 subject (2.1%) from the control group (healthy young individuals, age ≤ 35) has methylation of the studied CpG--dinucleotides of RASSF1A gene. Promoter methylation of at least one of the genes analyzed was observed in 28.92% liquidators and significantly exceeded (p = 0.016) such rate in a one-age (> 35 years of age) control group (12.31%). A significantly elevated frequency (p = 0.023) of individuals with abnormal methylation of GSTP1 gene in the group of liquidators as compared to the control group was revealed. The occurrence of promoter methylation of RASSF1A gene significantly correlated with aging both in the control group (r = 0.214; p = 0.023) and in the liquidators of the Chernobyl accident (r = 0.230; p = 0.036). No similar trend was found for other genes. Multiple regression analysis showed that the growth in the number of methylated loci of a set of genes p16, p14 and GSTP1 is exclusively due to the fact of exposure (OR = 7.32, 95% CI = 2.49-25.83, p-value = 2.7 x 10(-5)). The results obtained demonstrate for the first time the reality of the radiation-induced aberrant methylation of CpG islands in promoters of genes involved in the basic protective, functions of cells in the human body in remote periods after radiation exposure.
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Park S, Lee Y, Lee JH, Jin E. Expression of the high light-inducible Dunaliella LIP promoter in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Planta 2013; 238:1147-56. [PMID: 24043576 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-013-1955-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2013] [Accepted: 08/28/2013] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The development of highly inducible promoters is critical for designing effective transformation systems for transgenic analyses. In this study, we investigated the promoter of the light-inducible protein gene (LIP) of the marine alga Dunaliella sp. LIPs are homologs of the early light-induced proteins (ELIPs) of Arabidopsis thaliana. DNA sequence analysis revealed that the LIP promoter contains several light-responsive motifs. Constructs containing progressive truncations of the LIP promoter fused with a Renilla luciferase gene were introduced into Chlamydomonas reinhardtii to identify the light-responsive region in the promoter. Transcription from the LIP promoter was stimulated by high light (HL) in a light intensity-dependent manner. In contrast, oxidative stress induced by chemicals had little effect on the LIP promoter, which implies that the LIP promoter is exclusively induced by high light. Truncation of the promoter to a -100 base pair (bp) region abrogated light inducibility, which suggests the presence of a negative cis-regulatory element upstream of the -100 bp fragment. The LIP promoter can be utilized in transgenic research to specifically select and propagate transgenic microalgae under high-light conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seunghye Park
- Department of Life Science, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yew Lee
- Department of Life Science, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jae-Hyeok Lee
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - EonSeon Jin
- Department of Life Science, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea.
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Li J, Liang D, Li M, Ma F. Light and abiotic stresses regulate the expression of GDP-L-galactose phosphorylase and levels of ascorbic acid in two kiwifruit genotypes via light-responsive and stress-inducible cis-elements in their promoters. Planta 2013; 238:535-47. [PMID: 23775440 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-013-1915-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2013] [Accepted: 06/06/2013] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Ascorbic acid (AsA) plays an essential role in plants by protecting cells against oxidative damage. GDP-L-galactose phosphorylase (GGP) is the first committed gene for AsA synthesis. Our research examined AsA levels, regulation of GGP gene expression, and how these are related to abiotic stresses in two species of Actinidia (kiwifruit). When leaves were subjected to continuous darkness or light, ABA or MeJA, heat, or a hypoxic environment, we found some correlation between the relative levels of GGP mRNA and AsA concentrations. In transformed tobacco plants, activity of the GGP promoter was induced by all of these treatments. However, the degree of inducibility in the two kiwifruit species differed among the GGP promoter deletions. We deduced that the G-box motif, a light-responsive element, may have an important function in regulating GGP transcripts under various light conditions in both A. deliciosa and A. eriantha. Other elements such as ABRE, the CGTCA motif, and HSE might also control the promoter activities of GGP in kiwifruit. Altogether, these data suggest that GGP expression in the two kiwifruit species is regulated by light or abiotic stress via the relative cis-elements in their promoters. Furthermore, GGP has a critical role in modulating AsA concentrations in kiwifruit species under abiotic stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
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Abstract
Radiotherapy is commonly used for cancer treatment. However, it often results in side effects due to radiation damage in normal tissue, such as bone marrow (BM) failure. Adult hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPC) reside in BM next to the endosteal bone surface, which is lined primarily by hematopoietic niche osteoblastic cells. Osteoblasts are relatively more radiation-resistant than HSPCs, but the mechanisms are not well understood. In the present study, we demonstrated that the stress response gene REDD1 (regulated in development and DNA damage responses 1) was highly expressed in human osteoblast cell line (hFOB) cells after γ irradiation. Knockdown of REDD1 with siRNA resulted in a decrease in hFOB cell numbers, whereas transfection of PCMV6-AC-GFP-REDD1 plasmid DNA into hFOB cells inhibited mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and p21 expression and protected these cells from radiation-induced premature senescence (PS). The PS in irradiated hFOB cells were characterized by significant inhibition of clonogenicity, activation of senescence biomarker SA-β-gal, and the senescence-associated cytokine secretory phenotype (SASP) after 4 or 8 Gy irradiation. Immunoprecipitation assays demonstrated that the stress response proteins p53 and nuclear factor κ B (NFkB) interacted with REDD1 in hFOB cells. Knockdown of NFkB or p53 gene dramatically suppressed REDD1 protein expression in these cells, indicating that REDD1 was regulated by both factors. Our data demonstrated that REDD1 is a protective factor in radiation-induced osteoblast cell premature senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Hong Li
- Radiation Countermeasures Program, Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Cam T. Ha
- Radiation Countermeasures Program, Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Dadin Fu
- Radiation Countermeasures Program, Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Mang Xiao
- Radiation Countermeasures Program, Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Sun WJ, Xiong J, Wang WF, Liao ZK, Zhou FX, Zhou YF. [Anti-tumor effect of suicide gene therapy using chimeric promoter plus radiotherapy on cancer cell lines]. Zhonghua Zhong Liu Za Zhi 2011; 33:245-250. [PMID: 21575492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the synergistic anti-tumor effect of radiotherapy and horseradish peroxidase/prodrug indole-3-acetic acid (HRP/IAA) gene therapy system using chimeric hTERT promoter responsive to ionizing radiation. METHODS The synthetic hTERT promoters containing four tandem-repeat copies of radio-inducible CArG elements, and the chimeric promoter containing cytomegalovirus (CMV) early promoter were both constructed. The activities of the chimeric promoters in cancer cell lines (HeLa, A549, and MHCC97) and normal cell line (MRC-5) were detected using luciferase reporter gene expression analysis after a (60)Co γ-irradiation treatment at a series of doses(a single dose of 0 to 10 Gy). The anti-tumor effect of combining irradiation with HRP/IAA gene-directed enzyme prodrug therapy system controlled by the chimeric promoter was tested by colony formation assay, cell counting and apoptosis analysis. RESULTS The chimeric promoters were ineffective in normal human cells, even after irradiation, but the expression of luciferase gene in tumor cells was significantly higher. The activity of the chimeric promoter in MRC-5 cells was 22.3%, 12.9% and 13.6% of that in HeLa, A549 and MHCC97 cells, respectively. After irradiation, the ratios were 11.7%, 8.7% and 8.8%, respectively. Furthermore, the chimeric promoters could successfully induce the expression of luciferase gene following different doses of radiation, with maximal inducible activity seen after 6 Gy irradiation. The chimeric promoter containing four tandem-repeat copies of radio-inducible CArG elements and CMV early promoter showed the highest activity with 6 Gy irradiation. The relative luciferase activities in HeLa, A549 and MHCC97 cells were 1.7 ± 0.2, 2.3 ± 0.2 and 2.3 ± 0.1, respectively. The chimeric promoter mediated suicide gene therapy system could increase radio-sensitivity in different cancer cells. Compared with the control system, it plus irradiation showed stronger cell proliferation inhibition, 67.3% vs. 26.1% in HeLa, 69.0% vs. 28.3% in A549, 64.6% vs. 20.8% in MHCC97 cells, and also higher apoptosis-inducing effect, 39.6% vs. 14.2% in HeLa, 33.0% vs. 12.4% in A549, and 33.2% vs. 14.2% in MHCC97 cells. CONCLUSIONS Chimeric promoter containing hTERT promoter, CArG elements and CMV promoter preserve the tumor-specificity in telomerase-positive tumor cells, and irradiation-responsive to low dose of radiation. The suicide gene therapy using this promoter plus radiotherapy show a strong anti-tumor effect in vitro. It is expected to have a good potential for future application in gene radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-jie Sun
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital, Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
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Gavriouchkina D, Fischer S, Ivacevic T, Stolte J, Benes V, Dekens MPS. Thyrotroph embryonic factor regulates light-induced transcription of repair genes in zebrafish embryonic cells. PLoS One 2010; 5:e12542. [PMID: 20830285 PMCID: PMC2935359 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0012542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2010] [Accepted: 07/27/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous responses are triggered by light in the cell. How the light signal is detected and transduced into a cellular response is still an enigma. Each zebrafish cell has the capacity to directly detect light, making this organism particularly suitable for the study of light dependent transcription. To gain insight into the light signalling mechanism we identified genes that are activated by light exposure at an early embryonic stage, when specialised light sensing organs have not yet formed. We screened over 14,900 genes using micro-array GeneChips, and identified 19 light-induced genes that function primarily in light signalling, stress response, and DNA repair. Here we reveal that PAR Response Elements are present in all promoters of the light-induced genes, and demonstrate a pivotal role for the PAR bZip transcription factor Thyrotroph embryonic factor (Tef) in regulating the majority of light-induced genes. We show that tefβ transcription is directly regulated by light while transcription of tefα is under circadian clock control at later stages of development. These data leads us to propose their involvement in light-induced UV tolerance in the zebrafish embryo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daria Gavriouchkina
- Genomics Core Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Federal Republic of Germany
| | - Sabine Fischer
- Genomics Core Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Federal Republic of Germany
| | - Tomi Ivacevic
- Genomics Core Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Federal Republic of Germany
| | - Jens Stolte
- Genomics Core Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Federal Republic of Germany
| | - Vladimir Benes
- Genomics Core Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Federal Republic of Germany
- * E-mail: (MPSD); (VB)
| | - Marcus P. S. Dekens
- Genomics Core Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Federal Republic of Germany
- * E-mail: (MPSD); (VB)
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Chadha MK, Litwin A, Levea C, Iyer R, Yang G, Javle M, Gibbs JF. Surgical resection after TNFerade therapy for locally advanced pancreatic cancer. JOP 2009; 10:535-538. [PMID: 19734632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Treatment of pancreatic cancer remains a major oncological challenge and survival is dismal. Most patients, present with advanced disease at diagnosis and are not candidates for curative resection. Preoperative chemoradiation may downstage and improve survival in locally advanced pancreatic cancer. This has prompted investigators to look for novel neoadjuvant therapies. Gene therapy for pancreatic cancer is a novel investigational approach that may have promise. TNFerade is a replication deficient adenovirus vector carrying the human tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha gene regulated under control of a radiation-inducible gene promoter. Transfection of tumor cells with TNFerade maximizes the antitumor effect of TNF-alpha under influence of radiation leading to synergistic effects in preclinical studies. CASE REPORT We describe a case of locally advanced unresectable pancreatic cancer treated with a novel multimodal approach utilizing gene therapy with TNFerade and concurrent chemoradiation that was followed by successful surgical resection. CONCLUSION Neoadjuvant TNFerade based chemoradiation therapy may be a useful adjunct to treatment of locally advanced pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manpreet K Chadha
- Department of Medicine, Roswell Park Cancer Institute and State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
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24
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Abstract
Significant evidence has accumulated indicating that certain genes are induced by ionising radiation. An implication of this observation is that their promoter regions include radiation-responsive sequences. These sequences have been isolated in the promoter of several genes including Erg-1, p21/WAF-1, GADD45alpha and t-PA. The mechanism by which radiation induces gene expression remains unclear but involves putative binding sites for selected transcription factors and/or p53. Consensus CC(A/T)6GG sequences have been localized in the Erg-1 promoter and are referred to as serum response elements or CArG elements. The tandem combination of CArG elements has been shown to improve gene expression levels, with a 9-copy motif conferring maximum inducibility. The response of these genes to ionising radiation appears to follow a sigmoid relationship with time and dose. Therapeutic induction of suicide genes and significant cytotoxicity can be achieved at clinically relevant x-rays doses both in vitro and in vivo but was found to be cell-type dependent. Radiation-inducible gene therapy can be potentially enhanced by exploiting hypoxia through the inclusion of hypoxia-response element motifs in the expression cassette, the use of the anaerobic bacteria or the use of neutron irradiation. These results are encouraging and provide significant evidence that gene therapy targeted to the radiation field is a reasonably attractive therapeutic option and could help overcome hypoxic radioresistant tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laure Marignol
- Deportment of Haematology and Academic Unit of Clinical and Molecular Oncology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, St James's Hospital and Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland.
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25
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Abstract
Arabidopsis UV RESISTANCE LOCUS8 (UVR8) is a UV-B-specific signaling component that regulates expression of a range of genes concerned with UV protection. Here, we investigate the interaction of UVR8 with chromatin. Using antibodies specific to UVR8 in chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assays with wild-type plants, we show that native UVR8 binds to chromatin in vivo. Similar experiments using an anti-GFP antibody with plants expressing a GFP-UVR8 fusion show that UVR8 associates with a relatively small region of chromatin containing the HY5 gene. UVR8 interacts with chromatin containing the promoter regions of other genes, but not with all the genes it regulates. UV-B is not required for the interaction of UVR8 with chromatin because association with several gene loci is observed in the absence of UV-B. Pull-down assays demonstrate that UVR8 associates with histones in vivo and competition experiments indicate that the interaction is preferentially with histone H2B. ChIP experiments using antibodies that recognize specific histone modifications indicate that the UV-B-stimulated transcription of some genes may be correlated with histone modification. In particular, the ELIP1 promoter showed a significant enrichment of diacetyl histone H3 (K9/K14) following UV-B exposure. These findings increase understanding of the interaction of the key UV-B-specific regulator UVR8 with chromatin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Cloix
- Plant Science Group, Division of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Bower Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
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26
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Peng Y, Stewart D, Li W, Hawkins M, Kulak S, Ballermann B, Jahroudi N. Irradiation modulates association of NF-Y with histone-modifying cofactors PCAF and HDAC. Oncogene 2007; 26:7576-83. [PMID: 17599060 DOI: 10.1038/sj.onc.1210565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Post-irradiation complications including thrombus formation result from increased procoagulant activity of vascular endothelial cells and elevated levels of von Willebrand factor (VWF) contribute to this process. We have previously demonstrated that irradiation induction of the VWF is mediated through interaction of NF-Y transcription factor with its cognate binding site in the VWF promoter. We have also demonstrated that irradiation increases the association of NF-Y with histone acetyltransferase p300/CBP-associated factor (PCAF). We now report that irradiation decreases the association of NF-Y with histone deacetylase 1 (HDAC1). We demonstrate that irradiation-induced changes in association of NF-Y with HDAC1 and PCAF lead to increased PCAF recruitment to the VWF promoter, increased association of acetylated histone H4 with the VWF promoter and subsequently increased transcription. We also demonstrate that this process is correlated to dephosphorylation of HDAC1 and is inhibited by calyculin A, an inhibitor of protein phosphatase1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Peng
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
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27
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Berrocal-Tito GM, Esquivel-Naranjo EU, Horwitz BA, Herrera-Estrella A. Trichoderma atroviride PHR1, a fungal photolyase responsible for DNA repair, autoregulates its own photoinduction. Eukaryot Cell 2007; 6:1682-92. [PMID: 17545314 PMCID: PMC2043357 DOI: 10.1128/ec.00208-06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The photolyases, DNA repair enzymes that use visible and long-wavelength UV light to repair cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPDs) created by short-wavelength UV, belong to the larger photolyase-cryptochrome gene family. Cryptochromes (UVA-blue light photoreceptors) lack repair activity, and sensory and regulatory roles have been defined for them in plants and animals. Evolutionary considerations indicate that cryptochromes diverged from CPD photolyases before the emergence of eukaryotes. In prokaryotes and lower eukaryotes, some photolyases might have photosensory functions. phr1 codes for a class I CPD photolyase in Trichoderma atroviride. phr1 is rapidly induced by blue and UVA light, and its photoinduction requires functional blue light regulator (BLR) proteins, which are White Collar homologs in Trichoderma. Here we show that deletion of phr1 abolished photoreactivation of UVC (200 to 280 nm)-inhibited spores and thus that PHR1 is the main component of the photorepair system. The 2-kb 5' upstream region of phr1, with putative light-regulated elements, confers blue light regulation on a reporter gene. To assess phr1 photosensory function, fluence response curves of this light-regulated promoter were tested in null mutant (Deltaphr1) strains. Photoinduction of the phr1 promoter in Deltaphr1 strains was >5-fold more sensitive to light than that in the wild type, whereas in PHR1-overexpressing lines the sensitivity to light increased about 2-fold. Our data suggest that PHR1 may regulate its expression in a light-dependent manner, perhaps through negative modulation of the BLR proteins. This is the first evidence for a regulatory role of photolyase, a role usually attributed to cryptochromes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gloria M Berrocal-Tito
- Laboratorio Nacional de Genómica para la Biodiversidad, Cinvestav Campus Guanajuato, Km 9.6 Libramiento Norte Carretera Irapuato-León, A.P. 629, Irapuato 36500, Guanajuato, México
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28
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Yoshimura T, Imamura S, Tanaka K, Shirai M, Asayama M. Cooperation of group 2 σ factors, SigD and SigE for light-induced transcription in the cyanobacteriumSynechocystissp. PCC 6803. FEBS Lett 2007; 581:1495-500. [PMID: 17379215 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2007.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2007] [Revised: 03/05/2007] [Accepted: 03/05/2007] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A light-inducible sigma factor of RNA polymerase, SigD, can contributes to the light-induced transcription of psbA in the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. Here, another light-induced sigma factor, SigE, was characterized together with SigD. Results indicated that SigE also contributes to light-induced transcription on the cpcBACD, psbA, petBD and psaAB promoters whose potential sequences are of the Escherichia coli sigma(70)-type. SigD and SigE interfere with each other's expression. A rhythmic expression, in which the periodic peak of SigE exhibits a 24-h interval according to the upcoming night, was observed at the protein level. The cooperation of group 2 sigma factors, SigD and SigE, for light-induced transcription was discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsutomu Yoshimura
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, School of Agriculture, Ibaraki University, 3-21-1 Ami, Inashiki, Ibaraki 300-0393, Japan
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29
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Nenoi M, Daino K, Ichimura S, Takahash SI, Akuta T. Low-dose radiation response of the p21WAF1/CIP1 gene promoter transduced by adeno-associated virus vector. Exp Mol Med 2007; 38:553-64. [PMID: 17079872 DOI: 10.1038/emm.2006.65] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
In cancer gene therapy, restriction of antitumor transgene expression in a radiation field by use of ionizing radiation-inducible promoters is one of the promising approaches for tumor-specific gene delivery. Although tumor suppressor protein p53 is induced by low doses (< 1 Gy) of radiation, there have been only a few reports indicating potential utilization of a p53-target gene promoter, such as that of the p21 gene. This is mainly because the transiently transfected promoter of p53-target genes is not much sensitive to radiation. We examined the response of the p21 gene promoter to low-dose radiation when transduced into a human breast cancer cell line MCF-7 by use of recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV) vectors. It was shown that the p21 gene promoter transduced by rAAV vectors was more highly radiation-responsive than that transiently transfected by electroporation. A significant induction of the p21 gene promoter by radiation of low doses down to 0.2 Gy was observed. When cells were transduced with the p21 gene promoter-driven HSVtk gene by rAAV vector, they were significantly sensitized to repetitive treatment with low dose radiation (1 Gy) in the presence of the prodrug ganciclovir. It was therefore considered that the p21 gene promoter in combination with a rAAV vector is potentially usable for the development of a low-dose radiation-inducible vector for cancer gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuru Nenoi
- Radiation Effect Mechanisms Research Group, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, 9-1, Anagawa-4-chome, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
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Tsurushima H, Yuan X, Dillehay LE, Leong KW. Radio-responsive gene therapy for malignant glioma cells without the radiosensitive promoter: Caspase-3 gene therapy combined with radiation. Cancer Lett 2007; 246:318-23. [PMID: 16644107 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2006.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2006] [Accepted: 03/13/2006] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Caspase-3 plays a critical role as an executioner of apoptosis. The aim of this study is to evaluate the potential of the combination of caspase-3 gene therapy and radiation treatment. We prepared a plasmid (pCI-CSP3) that contained the human caspase-3 gene and the cytomegalovirus promoter. We introduced this plasmid into U251 and U87 human glioma cells and subjected the cells to radiation treatment. The degree of cell death and apoptosis were evaluated. None of the cell lines underwent apoptosis by the overexpression of caspase-3 alone, but the degree of cell death and apoptosis were markedly enhanced by the addition of radiation treatment. Next, we prepared another plasmid (EGR-CSP3) that contained the caspase-3 gene and a radiation-sensitive promoter. Each treatment system using either pCI-CSP3 or EGR-CSP3 showed radio response. The treatment system using pCI-CSP3 more effectively induced apoptosis than that using EGR-CSP3. Caspase-3 gene therapy in combination with radiation treatment has the potential to serve as a radio-responsive gene therapy without any radiation-sensitive promoter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideo Tsurushima
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Medical School, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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31
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Yu CJ, Gao Y, Willis CL, Li P, Tiano JP, Nakamura PA, Hyde DR, Li L. Mitogen-associated protein kinase- and protein kinase A-dependent regulation of rhodopsin promoter expression in zebrafish rod photoreceptor cells. J Neurosci Res 2007; 85:488-96. [PMID: 17183589 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.21157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Mitogen-associated protein kinase (MAPK)- and protein kinase A (PKA)-dependent signal transductions play important roles in the regulation of gene expression. Both MAPK and PKA pathways can be activated by light exposure. In this study, we investigated the effect of light on MAPK and PKA signal transduction and their roles in the regulation of rhodopsin promoter expression by using transgenic zebrafish [Tg(rhod::GFP)]. The Tg(rhod::GFP) fish express short half-life GFP that is under the transcriptional control of the zebrafish rhodopsin promoter and can therefore be used for in vivo studies of rhodopsin gene transcription in live cells. Blue light plays a role in the regulation of rhodopsin promoter expression via an MAPK-mediated signal transduction cascade. Blue light excites cryptochromes (CRY), which activate the downstream PKC-dependent MAPK signal pathway. White light, on the other hand, regulates rhodopsin promoter expression via a G-protein-coupled cAMP-dependent PKA pathway. White light promotes dopamine release in the retina, which activates dopamine receptors and the downstream PKA pathway. Blocking MAPK signaling diminishes the blue light-induced increases in rhodopsin promoter expression, but this treatment has no effect on white light-mediated rhodopsin promoter expression. Conversely, blocking the PKA pathway diminishes the white light-induced rhodopsin promoter expression but does not affect rhodopsin promoter expression regulated by blue light. Together, the data suggest that MAPK and PKA regulate rhodopsin transcription through parallel signal transduction pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan-Jiang Yu
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, USA
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32
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Benhamed M, Bertrand C, Servet C, Zhou DX. Arabidopsis GCN5, HD1, and TAF1/HAF2 interact to regulate histone acetylation required for light-responsive gene expression. Plant Cell 2006; 18:2893-903. [PMID: 17085686 PMCID: PMC1693931 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.106.043489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 246] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
We previously showed that Arabidopsis thaliana histone acetyltransferase TAF1/HAF2 is required for the light regulation of growth and gene expression, and we show here that histone acetyltransferase GCN5 and histone deacetylase HD1/HDA19 are also involved in such regulation. Mutation of GCN5 resulted in a long-hypocotyl phenotype and reduced light-inducible gene expression, whereas mutation of HD1 induced opposite effects. The double mutant gcn5 hd1 restored a normal photomorphogenic phenotype. By contrast, the double mutant gcn5 taf1 resulted in further loss of light-regulated gene expression. gcn5 reduced acetylation of histones H3 and H4, mostly on the core promoter regions, whereas hd1 increased acetylation on both core and more upstream promoter regions. GCN5 and TAF1 were both required for H3K9, H3K27, and H4K12 acetylation on the target promoters, but H3K14 acetylation was dependent only on GCN5. Interestingly, gcn5 taf1 had a cumulative effect mainly on H3K9 acetylation. On the other hand, hd1 induced increased acetylation on H3K9, H3K27, H4K5, and H4K8. GCN5 was also shown to be directly associated with the light-responsive promoters. These results suggest that acetylation of specific histone Lys residues, regulated by GCN5, TAF1, and HD1, is required for light-regulated gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moussa Benhamed
- Institut de Biotechnologie des Plantes, Unité Mixte de Recherche 8618, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Paris Sud XI, 91405 Orsay, France.
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Yu DS, Huang HZ, Hu XW, Liu XQ, Tang HK, Wang AX. [Radiation-inducible promoters-mediated cdglytk gene in the treatment of buccal carcinoma in golden hamster]. Zhonghua Kou Qiang Yi Xue Za Zhi 2006; 41:549-52. [PMID: 17129429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To observe the therapeutic effect of CDglyTK gene mediated by radiation-inducible promoters in the treatment of buccal carcinoma in Golden Hamster. METHODS Animal models of buccal carcinoma in golden hamster were established by painting 0.5% dimethyl-benzanthracene. The plasmids pcDNA (+) 3.1/E-CDglyTK were transfected into tumors by lipofectamine. 24 h later, the tumors were exposed to 3 Gy irradiation. Animals were monitored at regular intervals for volume of tumors. CDglyTK mRNA was assayed by RT-PCR. Apoptosis and proliferating cell nuclear antigen were detected respectively by in situ end-labeling and immunohistochemical methods. RESULTS Compared with control groups, the tumor was suppressed obviously by CDglyTK gene therapy combined with 3 Gy induction radiation. The expression of CDglyTK gene could be detected by RT-PCR in the transfected tumor, and up-regulation of CDglyTK expression was found in tumor exposed to radiation (P < 0.05). There was significant difference in apoptosis index or proliferation index between tumor without irradiation and tumor with irradiation (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The radiation-inducible promoter can be served as a molecular switch to regulate the expression of CDglyTK gene in buccal carcinoma in golden hamster, and low dose induction radiation can significantly improve the therapeutic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-sheng Yu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510055, China
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Mallappa C, Yadav V, Negi P, Chattopadhyay S. A Basic Leucine Zipper Transcription Factor, G-box-binding Factor 1, Regulates Blue Light-mediated Photomorphogenic Growth in Arabidopsis. J Biol Chem 2006; 281:22190-22199. [PMID: 16638747 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m601172200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Several transcriptional regulators have been identified and demonstrated to play either positive or negative regulatory roles in seedling development. However, the regulatory coordination between hypocotyl elongation and cotyledon expansion during early seedling development in plants remains unknown. We report the identification of a Z-box binding factor (ZBF2) and its functional characterization in cryptochrome-mediated blue light signaling. ZBF2 encodes a G-box binding factor (GBF1), which is a basic leucine zipper transcription factor. Our DNA-protein interaction studies reveal that ZBF2/GBF1 also interacts with the Z-box light-responsive element of light-regulated promoters. Genetic analyses of gbf1 mutants and overexpression studies suggest that GBF1 acts as a repressor of blue light-mediated inhibition in hypocotyl elongation, however, it acts as a positive regulator of cotyledon expansion during photomorphogenic growth. Furthermore, whereas GBF1 acts as a positive regulator of lateral root formation, it differentially regulates the expression of light-inducible genes. Taken together, these results demonstrate that GBF1 is a unique transcriptional regulator of photomorphogenesis in blue light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandrashekara Mallappa
- National Centre for Plant Genome Research, Laboratory 101, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Vandana Yadav
- National Centre for Plant Genome Research, Laboratory 101, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Prem Negi
- National Centre for Plant Genome Research, Laboratory 101, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Sudip Chattopadhyay
- National Centre for Plant Genome Research, Laboratory 101, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India.
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Abstract
In cyanobacteria, transcription of genes encoding subunits of PSI is tightly repressed under high-light conditions. To elucidate the molecular mechanism, we examined the promoter architecture of the psaAB genes encoding reaction center subunits of PSI in a cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. Primer extension analysis showed the existence of two promoters, P1 and P2, both of which are responsible for the light intensity-dependent transcription of the psaAB genes. Deletion analysis of the upstream region of psaAB fused to bacterial luciferase reporter genes (luxAB) indicated that the light response of these promoters is achieved in a totally different manner. The cis-element required for the light response of P1, designated as PE1, was located just upstream of the -35 element of P1 and was comprised of AT-rich sequence showing significant homology to the upstream promoter (UP)-element often found in strong bacterial promoters. PE1 activated P1 under low-light conditions, and the down-regulation of P1 was achieved by rapid inactivation of PE1 upon the shift to high-light conditions. On the other hand, the cis-element required for the light response of P2, designated as HNE2, was located upstream of the P1 region, far from the basal promoter of P2. The down-regulation of P2 seemed to be attained through the negative regulation by HNE2 activated only under high-light conditions. DNA gel mobility shift assays showed that at least five regions in psaAB promoters were responsible for the binding of putative regulatory protein factors.
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MESH Headings
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Cells, Cultured
- Chromosome Mapping
- DNA, Bacterial/genetics
- DNA, Bacterial/radiation effects
- Down-Regulation
- Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial/genetics
- Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial/radiation effects
- Genes, Bacterial/genetics
- Genes, Bacterial/radiation effects
- Genes, Reporter/genetics
- Genes, Reporter/radiation effects
- Light
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Mutation/genetics
- Photosynthetic Reaction Center Complex Proteins/genetics
- Photosystem I Protein Complex/genetics
- Promoter Regions, Genetic/genetics
- Promoter Regions, Genetic/radiation effects
- Synechocystis/genetics
- Transcription, Genetic/genetics
- Transcription, Genetic/radiation effects
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Affiliation(s)
- Masayuki Muramatsu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, Saitama University, 255 Shimo-okubo, Saitama, 338-8570 Japan
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36
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Lipnik K, Greco O, Scott S, Knapp E, Mayrhofer E, Rosenfellner D, Günzburg WH, Salmons B, Hohenadl C. Hypoxia- and radiation-inducible, breast cell-specific targeting of retroviral vectors. Virology 2006; 349:121-33. [PMID: 16464484 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2005.12.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2005] [Revised: 11/30/2005] [Accepted: 12/22/2005] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
To facilitate a more efficient radiation and chemotherapy of mammary tumours, synthetic enhancer elements responsive to hypoxia and ionizing radiation were coupled to the mammary-specific minimal promoter of the murine whey acidic protein (WAP) encoding gene. The modified WAP promoter was introduced into a retroviral promoter conversion (ProCon) vector. Expression of a transduced reporter gene in response to hypoxia and radiation was analysed in stably infected mammary cancer cell lines and an up to 9-fold increase in gene expression demonstrated in comparison to the respective basic vector. Expression analyses in vitro, moreover, demonstrated a widely preserved mammary cell-specific promoter activity. For in vivo analyses, xenograft tumours consisting of infected human mammary adenocarcinoma cells were established in SCID/beige mice. Immunohistochemical analyses demonstrated a hypoxia-specific, markedly increased WAP promoter-driven expression in these tumours. Thus, this retroviral vector will facilitate a targeted gene therapeutic approach exploiting the unique environmental condition in solid tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karoline Lipnik
- Research Institute of Virology and Biomedicine, University of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinaerplatz 1, A-1210 Vienna, Austria
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37
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Tang CH, Yang RS, Huang TH, Lu DY, Chuang WJ, Huang TF, Fu WM. Ultrasound Stimulates Cyclooxygenase-2 Expression and Increases Bone Formation through Integrin, Focal Adhesion Kinase, Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase, and Akt Pathway in Osteoblasts. Mol Pharmacol 2006; 69:2047-57. [PMID: 16540596 DOI: 10.1124/mol.105.022160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been shown that ultrasound (US) stimulation accelerates fracture healing in animal models and in clinical studies. Here we found that US stimulation transiently increased the surface expression of alpha2, alpha5, beta1, and beta3 integrins in cultured osteoblasts, as shown by flow cytometric analysis and immunofluorescence staining. US stimulation increased prostaglandin E(2) formation and the protein and mRNA levels of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). At the mechanistic level, anti-integrin alpha5beta1 and alphavbeta3 antibodies or rhodostomin, a snake venom disintegrin, attenuated the US-induced COX-2 expression. Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitors 2-(4-morpholinyl)-8-phenyl-1(4H)-benzopyran-4-one hydrochloride (LY294002) and wortmannin also inhibited the potentiating action of US. US stimulation increased the phosphorylation of focal adhesion kinase (FAK), extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK), p85 subunit of PI3K, and serine 473 of Akt. COX-2 promoter activity was enhanced by US stimulation in cells transfected with pCOX2-Luc. Cotransfection with dominant-negative mutant of FAK(Y397F), p85(Deltap85), Akt(K179A), or ERK2(K52R) inhibited the potentiating action of US on COX-2 promoter activity. Expression of mineralized nodule was lower in dominant-negative mutants of FAK, p85, and Akt-transfected clones than in vector-transfected control cells. Taken together, our results provide evidence that US stimulation increases COX-2 expression and promotes bone formation in osteoblasts via the integrin/FAK/PI3K/Akt and ERK signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Hsin Tang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, 1, Sec. 1, Jen-Ai Road, Taipei, Taiwan
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Hirai T, Taniura H, Goto Y, Ogura M, Sng JCG, Yoneda Y. Stimulation of ubiquitin?proteasome pathway through the expression of amidohydrolase for N-terminal asparagine (Ntan1) in cultured rat hippocampal neurons exposed to static magnetism. J Neurochem 2006; 96:1519-30. [PMID: 16539681 DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2006.03655.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In order to elucidate mechanisms underlying modulation by static magnetism of the cellular functionality and/or integrity in the brain, we screened genes responsive to brief magnetism in cultured rat hippocampal neurons using differential display analysis. We have for the first time cloned and identified Ntan1 (amidohydrolase for N-terminal asparagine) as a magnetism responsive gene in rat brain. Ntan1 is an essential component of a protein degradation signal, which is a destabilizing N-terminal residue of a protein, in the N-end rule. In situ hybridization histochemistry revealed abundant expression of Ntan1 mRNA in hippocampal neurons in vivo. Northern blot analysis showed that Ntan1 mRNA was increased about three-fold after 3 h in response to brief magnetism. Brief magnetism also increased the transcriptional activity of Ntan1 promoter by luciferase reporter assay. Brief magnetism induced degradation of microtubule-associated protein 2 (MAP2) without affecting cell morphology and viability, which was prevented by a selective inhibitor of 26S proteasome in hippocampal neurons. Overexpression of Ntan1 using recombinant Ntan1 adenovirus vector resulted in a marked decrease in the MAP2 protein expression in hippocampal neurons. Our results suggest that brief magnetism leads to the induction of Ntan1 responsible for MAP2 protein degradation through ubiquitin-proteasome pathway in rat hippocampal neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takao Hirai
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
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Abstract
Pharmacologic transgene-expression dosing is considered essential for future gene therapy scenarios. Genetic interventions require precise transcription or translation fine-tuning of therapeutic transgenes to enable their titration into the therapeutic window, to adapt them to daily changing dosing regimes of the patient, to integrate them seamlessly into the patient's transcriptome orchestra, and to terminate their expression after successful therapy. In recent years, decisive progress has been achieved in designing high-precision trigger-inducible mammalian transgene control modalities responsive to clinically licensed and inert heterologous molecules or to endogenous physiologic signals. Availability of a portfolio of compatible transcription control systems has enabled assembly of higher-order control circuitries providing simultaneous or independent control of several transgenes and the design of (semi-)synthetic gene networks, which emulate digital expression switches, regulatory transcription cascades, epigenetic expression imprinting, and cellular transcription memories. This review provides an overview of cutting-edge developments in transgene control systems, of the design of synthetic gene networks, and of the delivery of such systems for the prototype treatment of prominent human disease phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wilfried Weber
- Institute for Chemical and Bio-Engineering, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich-ETH Zurich, ETH Hoenggerberg HCI F 115, Wolfgang-Pauli-Strasse 10, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
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Bonkobara M, Yagihara H, Yudate T, Chung JS, Washizu T, Ariizumi K, Cruz PD. Ultraviolet-B radiation upregulates expression of dectin-2 on epidermal Langerhans cells by activating the gene promoter. Photochem Photobiol 2005; 81:944-8. [PMID: 15876128 DOI: 10.1562/2004-10-21-rc-349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Epidermal Langerhans cells (LC) belong to the antigen-presenting cell (APC) family of dendritic cells that can initiate antigen-specific immunogenic or tolerogenic responses. In mice, we have shown ultraviolet-B (UV-B) irradiation to induce long-lasting suppression (tolerance) of contact hypersensitivity responses by converting LC from immunogenic to tolerogenic APC. The C-type lectin receptor, dectin-2, expressed preferentially by LC and dendritic cells, has also been shown to be involved in inducing this form of UV-B-induced immunosuppression. These observations led us to question whether UV-B can modulate dectin-2 expression by LC. In ICR mice engineered to express the dectin-2 gene promoter linked to a luciferase reporter gene, we found broadband UV-B treatment in vivo to activate the promoter in LC. In wild-type C3H/HeN mice, we found such treatment in vivo to yield LC with increased dectin-2 expression at both mRNA and protein levels. Broadband UV-B treatment in vitro of bone marrow-derived dendritic cells from these mice also showed upregulated expression of dectin-2 mRNA. These findings lead us to conclude that broadband UV-B upregulates dectin-2 expression in LC by activating the dectin-2 gene promoter. Such amplification suggests that UV-B-induced immunosuppression may be due (at least in part) to augmented dectin-2 expression in LC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Bonkobara
- Department of Dermatology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9069, USA
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Mezhir JJ, Advani SJ, Smith KD, Darga TE, Poon APW, Schmidt H, Posner MC, Roizman B, Weichselbaum RR. Ionizing Radiation Activates Late Herpes Simplex Virus 1 Promoters via the p38 Pathway in Tumors Treated with Oncolytic Viruses. Cancer Res 2005; 65:9479-84. [PMID: 16230412 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-05-1927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Ionizing radiation potentiates the oncolytic activity of attenuated herpes simplex viruses in tumors exposed to irradiation at specific time intervals by inducing higher virus yields. Cell culture studies have shown that an attenuated virus lacking the viral gamma(1)34.5 genes underproduces late proteins whose synthesis depends on sustained synthesis of viral DNA. Here we report that ionizing radiation enhances gene expression from late viral promoters in transduced cells in the absence of other viral gene products. Consistent with this result, we show that in tumors infected with the attenuated virus, ionizing radiation increases 13.6-fold above baseline the gene expression from a late viral promoter as early as 2 hours after virus infection, an interval too short to account for viral DNA synthesis. The radiation-dependent up-regulation of late viral genes is mediated by the p38 pathway, inasmuch as the enhancement is abolished by p38 inhibitors or a p38 dominant-negative construct. The p38 pathway is not essential for wild-type virus gene expression. The results suggest that ionizing radiation up-regulates late promoters active in the course of viral DNA synthesis and provide a rationale for use of radiation to up-regulate cytotoxic genes introduced into tumor cells by viral vectors for cytoreductive therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- James J Mezhir
- Department of Surgery, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
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42
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Ohba H, Satoh K, Yanagisawa T, Narumi I. The radiation responsive promoter of the Deinococcus radiodurans pprA gene. Gene 2005; 363:133-41. [PMID: 16203111 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2005.07.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2005] [Revised: 07/05/2005] [Accepted: 07/13/2005] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
In a previous study, we identified a novel radiation-inducible protein PprA that plays a critical role in the radiation resistance of Deinococcus radiodurans [Narumi, I., Satoh, K., Cui, S., Funayama, T., Kitayama, S., Watanabe, H., 2004. PprA: a novel protein from Deinococcus radiodurans that stimulates DNA ligation. Mol. Microbiol. 54, 278-285.]. Despite the interest in mechanisms underlying radiation responses in D. radiodurans, little is known about the radiation responsive promoter for radiation-inducible proteins. In this study, three transcriptional start points for pprA mRNA were identified by primer extension analysis, located at positions -156, -154 and -22 upstream from the pprA translation initiation site. The amount of the three extended products increased in cells exposed to 2 kGy followed by a 0.5-h post-incubation. This suggested the existence of at least two radiation responsive promoters for pprA expression. Functional characterization of the upstream region of the pprA gene using a luciferase reporter assay revealed that the distal promoter is located between positions -208 and -156 from the translation initiation site, while the proximal promoter is located between positions -57 and -22. The region located between positions -57 and -38 was indispensable for proximal promoter activity. Site-directed mutagenesis of a thymine positioned at -33 resulted in severe impairment of promoter activity, and suggested that the thymine functions as a master base for the proximal radiation responsive promoter. The product of the D. radiodurans pprI gene is thought to be a general switch in the radiation response [Hua, Y., Narumi, I., Gao, G., Tian, B., Satoh, K., Kitayama, S., Shen, B., 2003. PprI: a general switch responsible for extreme radioresistance of Deinococcus radiodurans. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 306, 354-360.]. We examined the effect of pprI disruption on pprA promoter activity. The results suggested that up-regulation of pprA expression by the pprI gene product is triggered at the promoter level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirofumi Ohba
- Research Group for Biotechnology Development, Department of Ion-beam-applied Biology, Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute, 1233 Watanuki-machi, Takasaki, Gunma 370-1292, Japan
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Bevilacqua MA, Iovine B, Zambrano N, D'Ambrosio C, Scaloni A, Russo T, Cimino F. Fibromodulin Gene Transcription Is Induced by Ultraviolet Irradiation, and Its Regulation Is Impaired in Senescent Human Fibroblasts. J Biol Chem 2005; 280:31809-17. [PMID: 16002407 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m414677200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Cells undergoing replicative senescence display an altered pattern of gene expression. Senescent fibroblasts show significant changes in the expression of mRNAs encoding extracellular matrix-remodeling proteins; among these mRNAs, the mRNA encoding fibromodulin is highly decreased in these cells. To understand the molecular basis of this phenomenon, we explored the regulatory mechanisms of the human fibromodulin gene. We found that fibromodulin gene promoter contains a cis-element, crucial for its basal expression, that forms a DNA-protein complex when exposed to nuclear extracts from exponentially growing human fibroblasts and not to extracts from cells undergoing senescence by repeated in vitro passages or by mild oxidative stress. The purification of this complex showed that it contains the damage-specific DNA-binding protein DDB-1. The latter is known to be induced by UV irradiation; therefore we checked whether fibromodulin gene promoter is regulated upon the exposure of the cells to UV rays. The results showed that, in exponentially growing fibroblasts, the promoter efficiency is increased by UV irradiation and the DDB-1-containing complex is robustly enriched in cells exposed to UV light. Accordingly, in these experimental conditions the endogenous fibromodulin mRNA accumulates to very high levels. On the contrary, senescent cells did not show any activation of the fibromodulin gene promoter, any induction of the DDB-1-containing complex, or any accumulation of fibromodulin mRNA. These phenomena are accompanied in senescent cells by a decrease of the UV-damaged DNA binding activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Assunta Bevilacqua
- Dipartimento di Biochimica e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università di Napoli Federico II, CEINGE Biotecnologie avanzate, 80131 Napoli, Italy
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Anton M, Gomaa IEO, von Lukowicz T, Molls M, Gansbacher B, Würschmidt F. Optimization of radiation controlled gene expression by adenoviral vectors in vitro. Cancer Gene Ther 2005; 12:640-6. [PMID: 15803145 DOI: 10.1038/sj.cgt.7700829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The radiation-inducible EGR-1-promoter has been used in different gene therapy approaches in order to enhance and locally restrict therapeutic efficacy. The aim of this study was to reduce nonspecific gene expression in the absence of irradiation (IR) in an adenoviral vector. Rat rhabdomyosarcoma R1H tumor cells were infected with adenoviral vectors expressing either EGFP or HSV-TK under control of the murine EGR-1 promoter/enhancer. Cells were irradiated at 0-6 Gy. Gene expression was determined by FACS-analysis (EGFP), or crystal violet staining (HSV-TK). The bovine growth hormone polyadenylation signal (BGH pA) was used as insulating sequence and was introduced upstream or upstream and downstream of the expression cassette. Infected R1H cells displayed IR dose-dependent EGFP expression. Cells treated with IR, AdEGR.TK and ganciclovir displayed a survival of 17.3% (6 Gy). However, significant gene expression was observed in the absence of IR with EGR.TK and EGR.EGFP constructs. Introduction of BGHpA upstream or upstream and downstream of expression cassette resulted in decreased nonspecific cytotoxicity by a factor of 1.6-2.3 with minor influence on the induced level of cytotoxicity. Introduction of insulating sequences in adenoviral vectors might allow tighter temporospatial control of gene expression by the radiation-inducible EGR-1 promoter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Anton
- Institut für Experimentelle Onkologie & Therapieforschung, München, Germany.
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Yadav V, Mallappa C, Gangappa SN, Bhatia S, Chattopadhyay S. A basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor in Arabidopsis, MYC2, acts as a repressor of blue light-mediated photomorphogenic growth. Plant Cell 2005; 17:1953-66. [PMID: 15923349 PMCID: PMC1167544 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.105.032060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 201] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
The crosstalk of light signaling pathways with other signaling cascades has just started to be revealed. Here, we report the identification and functional characterization of a Z-box binding factor (ZBF1) in light signaling pathways. Arabidopsis thaliana ZBF1 encodes AtMYC2/JIN1, a basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor, which has recently been shown to be involved in abscisic acid (ABA), jasmonic acid (JA), and jasmonate-ethylene signaling pathways. We demonstrate that AtMYC2 interacts with the Z- and G-box light-responsive elements of minimal light-regulated promoters. AtMYC2 is expressed in various light-grown seedlings, including in red, far red, and blue light. Genetic analyses suggest that AtMYC2 acts as a negative regulator of blue light-mediated photomorphogenic growth and blue and far-red-light-regulated gene expression; however, it functions as a positive regulator of lateral root formation. Our results further demonstrate that atmyc2 mutants have compromised sensitivity to ABA- and JA-mediated responses. Taken together, these results demonstrate that AtMYC2 is a common transcription factor of light, ABA, and JA signaling pathways in Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vandana Yadav
- National Centre for Plant Genome Research, New Delhi 110067, India
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46
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Chastel C, Jiricny J, Jaussi R. Activation of stress-responsive promoters by ionizing radiation for deployment in targeted gene therapy. DNA Repair (Amst) 2004; 3:201-15. [PMID: 15177036 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2003.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2003] [Revised: 11/25/2003] [Accepted: 12/10/2003] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Radiotherapy is one of the principal modalities of cancer treatment, but the delivery of a curative dose of ionizing radiation (IR) to the tumour is frequently limited by the need to protect the normal tissues within the irradiated area from radiation damage. This problem could be circumvented if tumour cells could be selectively sensitized to killing by IR. One way to achieve this goal would be to transduce the tumour cells with expression vectors carrying toxin genes under the control of promoters that are inactive unless induced by IR. For this approach to be successful, two parameters must be met: (i) the expression vector has to be delivered to the tumour or its immediate vicinity (e.g. its vasculature) and (ii) the promoter driving the expression of the toxin gene has to have negligible basal activity, yet has to be activated by clinically-achievable doses of IR. Several vectors that fulfil these criteria are currently reaching clinical trials. In this review, we examine the response of mammalian cells to IR, and the current status of radiation-induced suicide gene therapy that is dependent on this response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carine Chastel
- Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 PSI Villigen, Switzerland
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47
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Akgül B, Lemme W, García-Escudero R, Storey A, Pfister HJ. UV-B irradiation stimulates the promoter activity of the high-risk, cutaneous human papillomavirus 5 and 8 in primary keratinocytes. Arch Virol 2004; 150:145-51. [PMID: 15654507 PMCID: PMC2423462 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-004-0398-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2004] [Accepted: 07/19/2004] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Human papillomaviruses (HPV) have been implicated in the development of non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC). HPV types 5 and 8 are strongly associated with NMSC in patients with the inherited disease Epidermodysplasia verruciformis (Ev). In these patients tumours arise predominantly on sun-exposed skin and consistently harbour HPV DNAs. To determine whether UV-B irradiation modulates the noncoding region (NCR) promoter activity of the Ev-HPV types 5, 8, 9, 14, 23, 24, and 25 we performed transient transfection assays with NCR luciferase reporter gene constructs in primary human epithelial keratinocytes (PHEKs) and in p53-null RTS3b cells. Each of the HPVs showed different basal NCR activity in both cell types and reacted differently upon UVB treatment and p53 cotransfection in RTS3b cells. The NCR of HPV5 and 8 were the only ones to be activated by UV-B in PHEKs. The stimulation of the NCR activity of the high-risk cutaneous HPV types 5 and 8 by UV-B irradiation may point to a role of this interaction in the development of NMSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Akgül
- Institute of Virology and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
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48
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Abstract
Single-nucleotide polymorphisms are the largest source of genetic variation in humans. We report a method for the discovery of single-nucleotide polymorphisms within genomic DNA. Pooled genomic samples are amplified, denatured, and annealed to generate mismatches at polymorphic DNA sites. Upon photoactivation, these DNA mismatches are then cleaved site-specifically by using a small molecular probe, a bulky metallointercalator, Rhchrysi or Rhphzi. Fluorescent labeling of the cleaved products and separation by capillary electrophoresis permits rapid identification with single-base resolution of the single-nucleotide polymorphism site. This method is remarkably sensitive and minor allele frequencies as low as 5% can be readily detected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan R Hart
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
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49
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Yu J, de Belle I, Liang H, Adamson ED. Coactivating factors p300 and CBP are transcriptionally crossregulated by Egr1 in prostate cells, leading to divergent responses. Mol Cell 2004; 15:83-94. [PMID: 15225550 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2004.06.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2004] [Revised: 05/10/2004] [Accepted: 05/13/2004] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Related coactivators p300 and CBP affect the transcriptional activities of many transcription factors (TF), producing multiple downstream effects. Here we show that immediate early response TF, Egr1, acts upstream of p300/CBP to induce or to repress transcription, depending on the stimulus. Cells induced with serum to increase endogenous Egr1 increase the transcription of p300/CBP only when Egr1 binding sites in the promoter are not mutated, causing the expression of downstream targets of Egr1 which leads to survival and growth. Induction of p300/CBP by Egr1 results in acetylation and stabilization of Egr1 and transactivation of survival genes but repression of Egr1 and p300/CBP in negative feedback loops. In contrast, induction of Egr1 by UV-C irradiation leads to repression of p300/CBP transcription: Egr1 is preferentially phosphorylated, leading to regulation of target genes that cause cell death. This complex balance of opposing effects appears to finely modulate important cellular life and death responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianxiu Yu
- The Burnham Institute, Cancer Research Center, 10901 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
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50
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Mochizuki T, Onda Y, Fujiwara E, Wada M, Toyoshima Y. Two independent light signals cooperate in the activation of the plastid psbD blue light-responsive promoter in Arabidopsis. FEBS Lett 2004; 571:26-30. [PMID: 15280012 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2004.06.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2004] [Revised: 06/21/2004] [Accepted: 06/21/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The psbD blue light-responsive promoter (BLRP), whose activation has been considered to require strong blue light, is recognized only by SIG5 among six sigma factors of plastid RNA polymerase in Arabidopsis. We found SIG5 transcript accumulation was rapidly induced after a 30-min induction time by blue light (470 nm) with an intensity threshold of 5 micromol m(-2)s(-1) through cryptochromes. Besides this weak blue light, the psbD BLRP activation required the stronger light such as 50 micromol m(-2)s(-1) irrespective of blue or red light (660 nm). Thus, the two independent light signalings, the cryptochrome-mediated signaling to induce SIG5 transcription and the stronger light-dependent signaling, cooperate to activate the psbD BLRP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takateru Mochizuki
- Department of Bioscience and Nano-biotechnology Research Center, School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University, Gakuen 2-1, Sanda, Hyogo 669-1337, Japan
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