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Yang H, Tian C, Ji S, Ni F, Fan X, Yang Y, Sun C, Gong H, Zhang A. Integrative analyses of metabolome and transcriptome reveals metabolomic variations and candidate genes involved in sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) fruit quality during development and ripening. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0260004. [PMID: 34780562 PMCID: PMC8592472 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0260004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.), one of the most appreciated and most important commercial temperate fruits, has high sensory quality and nutritional value. Investigating its metabolic variations provides valuable information on the formation of fruit quality. In this study, widely targeted LC-MS/MS based metabolomics was used to identify and quantify metabolic changes during 'Black Pearl' sweet cherry development and ripening. A total of 263 significant differentially expressed metabolites (DEMs) were detected during the four fruit-development stages. Significant differences were observed in the composition and content of compounds in the four stages of cherry development, especially sugars, organic acids, and flavonoids. Moreover, transcriptome analysis provided a molecular basis for metabolic variations during fruit development. A total of 6724 significant differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified. Further correlation analysis of major DEMs and DEGs showed that 19 key DEGs were involved in sugar metabolism, 23 key DEGs in organic acid metabolism, and 13 key DEGs in flavonoid metabolism. The upregulated genes involved in the flavonoid pathway probably play an important role in regulating the rapid increase of anthocyanin content during fruit development. These comprehensive analysis data provide a better understanding to improve fruit quality traits based on molecular and metabolic levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiying Yang
- School of Food Engineering, Ludong University, Yantai, Shandong, 264025, PR China
| | - Changping Tian
- Cherry Research Department, Yantai Agricultural Science and Technology Institute, No.26, West Gangcheng Street, Yantai, 265500, China
| | - Shujun Ji
- School of Food Engineering, Ludong University, Yantai, Shandong, 264025, PR China
| | - Fengzhu Ni
- School of Food Engineering, Ludong University, Yantai, Shandong, 264025, PR China
| | - Xinguang Fan
- School of Food Engineering, Ludong University, Yantai, Shandong, 264025, PR China
| | - Yanqing Yang
- School of Food Engineering, Ludong University, Yantai, Shandong, 264025, PR China
| | - Chanchan Sun
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, 300457, China
| | - Hansheng Gong
- School of Food Engineering, Ludong University, Yantai, Shandong, 264025, PR China
| | - Aidi Zhang
- School of Food Engineering, Ludong University, Yantai, Shandong, 264025, PR China
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2
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Hillmann L, Elsysy M, Goeckeritz C, Hollender C, Rothwell N, Blanke M, Einhorn T. Preanthesis changes in freeze resistance, relative water content, and ovary growth preempt bud phenology and signify dormancy release of sour cherry floral buds. Planta 2021; 254:74. [PMID: 34529136 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-021-03722-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Growing degree hours (GDH) predicted floral bud development of 'Montmorency' sour cherry and explained changes in lethal temperatures (LT50) that preempted any visible changes in bud phenology. The gradual warming during late winter and early spring promotes floral bud development and, concomitantly, the de-acclimation of Prunus sp. flowers. In fact, once ecodormancy releases, an approximate 20 °C loss of hardiness occurs prior to any distinguishable changes in external bud phenology. The aim of the following work was to characterize the physiological changes of 'Montmorency' sour cherry floral buds as they transition from endo- and ecodormancy and resume growth, and to determine whether physiological and anatomical characteristics within the buds preempt or signify dormancy release to enable a better prediction of freeze susceptibility. Here, we present a developmental timeline of the preanthesis changes of 'Montmorency' floral buds, ovaries and anthers over 2 years following their completion of chilling and relate these changes to growing degree hours (GDH) and the lethal temperature (LT50) of flowers. Changes in bud dry weight (DW), fresh weight (FW), volume, and external phenology stage including the percentage of green color development of bud scales were predicted by heat accumulation but were not early predictors of the increasing freeze susceptibility of pistils. Between endodormancy and green tip stage, ovary volume increased nearly threefold and relative water content (RWC) increased from ~ 45 to 70% in both years. A linear mixed regression model indicated that RWC and the interaction between RWC and ovary growth were significant predictors of LT50. Importantly, the loss of ~ 20 °C of freeze resistance occurred between 45 and 57% RWC and preceded any detectable changes in bud phenology. Microsporogenesis was observed after dormancy release when measurable changes in the ovary and bud RWC had already occurred. A GDH model estimated freeze sensitivity of pistils and explained 93% of the variation in LT50 during preanthesis development. A simple GDH model to predict critical freeze temperature of pistils should aid producers to manage frost protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Hillmann
- Department of Horticulture, Michigan State University, Plant and Soil Sciences Bldg., 1066 Bogue Street, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Mokhles Elsysy
- Department of Horticulture, Michigan State University, Plant and Soil Sciences Bldg., 1066 Bogue Street, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
- Department of Pomology, College of Agriculture, Assiut University, Assiut, 71515, Egypt
| | - Charity Goeckeritz
- Department of Horticulture, Michigan State University, Plant and Soil Sciences Bldg., 1066 Bogue Street, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Courtney Hollender
- Department of Horticulture, Michigan State University, Plant and Soil Sciences Bldg., 1066 Bogue Street, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Nikki Rothwell
- Northwest Michigan Horticultural Research Center, Michigan State University, 6686 S. Center Highway, Traverse City, MI, USA
| | - Michael Blanke
- Rheinische-Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, INRES Gartenbauwissenschaft, Auf dem Huegel 6, Bonn, Germany
| | - Todd Einhorn
- Department of Horticulture, Michigan State University, Plant and Soil Sciences Bldg., 1066 Bogue Street, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA.
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3
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Huang J, Gut LJ. Impact of Background Fruit Odors on Attraction of Drosophila suzukii (Diptera: Drosophilidae) to Its Symbiotic Yeast. J Insect Sci 2021; 21:6166187. [PMID: 33693806 PMCID: PMC7947983 DOI: 10.1093/jisesa/ieab016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Background odors produced by plants in the environment can interfere with the response of insects to a point-releasing attractant, especially when their compositions overlap. In this study, a series of binary choice tests was conducted in a wind tunnel to investigate whether background odors emitted from cherry, blueberry, blackberry, or raspberry fruits would affect the level of Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura) attraction to its symbiotic yeast, Hanseniaspora uvarum (Niehaus) (Saccharomycetales: Saccharomycetaceae). Whether an increase in the intensity of background odors would affect the attractiveness of H. uvarum to D. suzukii was also investigated, either by increasing the number of cherry or raspberry fruit per cup or by increasing the number of fruit cups surrounding the cup baited with the yeast. In wind tunnel assays, background fruit odors interfering with D. suzukii attraction to the yeast varied among fruit types. Raspberry odor inhibited the attractiveness of H. uvarum to the fly the most, followed by blackberry odor, whereas cherry and blueberry odors had no significant impact on the attraction. An increase in the intensity of odors by adding more cherry or raspberry fruit per cup did not increase the impact of fruit odor on the attraction; however, adding more raspberry cups around H. uvarum linearly decreased its attractiveness, suggesting that background host fruit abundance and likely increase in host odor may influence D. suzukii attraction to yeast odor depending on host species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Huang
- Department of Entomology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Larry J Gut
- Department of Entomology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
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Li Y, Duan X, Wu C, Yu J, Liu C, Wang J, Zhang X, Yan G, Jiang F, Li T, Zhang K, Li W. Ubiquitination of S 4-RNase by S-LOCUS F-BOX LIKE2 Contributes to Self-Compatibility of Sweet Cherry 'Lapins'. Plant Physiol 2020; 184:1702-1716. [PMID: 33037127 PMCID: PMC7723103 DOI: 10.1104/pp.20.01171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies have shown that loss of pollen-S function in S4' pollen from sweet cherry (Prunus avium) is associated with a mutation in an S haplotype-specific F-box4 (SFB4) gene. However, how this mutation leads to self-compatibility is unclear. Here, we examined this mechanism by analyzing several self-compatible sweet cherry varieties. We determined that mutated SFB4 (SFB4') in S4' pollen (pollen harboring the SFB4' gene) is approximately 6 kD shorter than wild-type SFB4 due to a premature termination caused by a four-nucleotide deletion. SFB4' did not interact with S-RNase. However, a protein in S4' pollen ubiquitinated S-RNase, resulting in its degradation via the 26S proteasome pathway, indicating that factors in S4' pollen other than SFB4 participate in S-RNase recognition and degradation. To identify these factors, we used S4-RNase as a bait to screen S4' pollen proteins. Our screen identified the protein encoded by S 4 -SLFL2, a low-polymorphic gene that is closely linked to the S-locus. Further investigations indicate that SLFL2 ubiquitinates S-RNase, leading to its degradation. Subcellular localization analysis showed that SFB4 is primarily localized to the pollen tube tip, whereas SLFL2 is not. When S 4 -SLFL2 expression was suppressed by antisense oligonucleotide treatment in wild-type pollen tubes, pollen still had the capacity to ubiquitinate S-RNase; however, this ubiquitin-labeled S-RNase was not degraded via the 26S proteasome pathway, suggesting that SFB4 does not participate in the degradation of S-RNase. When SFB4 loses its function, S4-SLFL2 might mediate the ubiquitination and degradation of S-RNase, which is consistent with the self-compatibility of S4' pollen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Li
- Laboratory of Fruit Cell and Molecular Breeding, China Agricultural University, 100193 Beijing, China
| | - Xuwei Duan
- Institute of Forestry and Pomology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, 100097 Beijing, China
| | - Chuanbao Wu
- Laboratory of Fruit Cell and Molecular Breeding, China Agricultural University, 100193 Beijing, China
| | - Jie Yu
- Laboratory of Fruit Cell and Molecular Breeding, China Agricultural University, 100193 Beijing, China
| | - Chunsheng Liu
- Laboratory of Fruit Cell and Molecular Breeding, China Agricultural University, 100193 Beijing, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Institute of Forestry and Pomology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, 100097 Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoming Zhang
- Institute of Forestry and Pomology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, 100097 Beijing, China
| | - Guohua Yan
- Institute of Forestry and Pomology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, 100097 Beijing, China
| | - Feng Jiang
- Laboratory of Fruit Cell and Molecular Breeding, China Agricultural University, 100193 Beijing, China
| | - Tianzhong Li
- Laboratory of Fruit Cell and Molecular Breeding, China Agricultural University, 100193 Beijing, China
| | - Kaichun Zhang
- Institute of Forestry and Pomology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, 100097 Beijing, China
| | - Wei Li
- Laboratory of Fruit Cell and Molecular Breeding, China Agricultural University, 100193 Beijing, China
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Qi X, Liu C, Song L, Li M. PaMADS7, a MADS-box transcription factor, regulates sweet cherry fruit ripening and softening. Plant Sci 2020; 301:110634. [PMID: 33218650 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2020.110634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
E-class MADS-box transcription factors, SEPALLATA (SEP) genes have an important role in floral organ initiation and development and fruit ripening. In this study, four sweet cherry SEP-like genes (PaMADS2, PaMADS4, PaMADS5, and PaMADS7) were cloned and functionally characterized. Gene expression analysis showed that the differential expression levels of PaMADS4 and PaMADS7 coincided with fruit ripening, and expression of PaMADS2 and PaMADS5 did not. Expression of PaMADS7 was affected by ABA and IAA. Subcellular localization assay demonstrated that four sweet cherry SEP-like proteins were all localized inside the nucleus. Silencing PaMADS7 using TRV-mediated virus-induced gene silencing inhibited fruit ripening and influenced major ripening-related physiological processes, such as ABA content, soluble sugar contents, fruit firmness, and anthocyanin content, as well as expression of ripening-related genes. In addition, silencing of PaMADS7 induced phenotype defects that suppressed fruit ripening, which were rescued by exogenous ABA. Furthermore, yeast one-hybrid assay (Y1H) and transient expression analyses revealed that PaMADS7 directly binds to the promoter of PaPG1, which is involved in sweet cherry fruit softening, and positively activated PaPG1expression. These results showed that PaMADS7 is an indispensable positive regulator of sweet cherry fruit ripening and softening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiliang Qi
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450009, China
| | - Congli Liu
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450009, China
| | - Lulu Song
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450009, China
| | - Ming Li
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450009, China.
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Correia S, Santos M, Glińska S, Gapińska M, Matos M, Carnide V, Schouten R, Silva AP, Gonçalves B. Effects of exogenous compound sprays on cherry cracking: skin properties and gene expression. J Sci Food Agric 2020; 100:2911-2921. [PMID: 32034777 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.10318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2019] [Revised: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cherry fruit cracking is a costly problem for cherry growers. The effect of repeated sprayings (gibberellic acid - GA3 ; abscisic acid - ABA; salicylic acid - SA; glycine betaine - GB, and Ascophyllum nodosum - AN) combined with CaCl2 , on 'Sweetheart' cherry fruit-cracking characteristics was investigated. Cracking was quantified in terms of cracking incidence, crack morphology, confocal scanning laser microscopy, cuticular wax content, cell-wall modification, and cuticular wax gene expression. RESULTS All spray treatments reduced cracking compared with an untreated control (H2 O), with fewer cheek cracks. The least cracking incidence was observed for ABA + CaCl2 - and GB + CaCl2 -treated fruits, indicating an added benefit compared to spraying with CaCl2 alone. In addition, GB + CaCl2 -treated fruits showed higher fruit diameter. ABA + CaCl2 and GB + CaCl2 sprays showed higher wax content and higher cuticle and epidermal thickness compared with the control, including increased expression of wax synthase (ABA + CaCl2 ) and expansin 1 (GB + CaCl2 ). CONCLUSION In general, factors that improve the cuticle thickness appear to be important at the fruit-coloring stage. At the fruit-ripening stage, larger cell sizes of the epidermis, hypodermis, and parenchyma cells lower cracking incidence, indicating the importance of flexibility and elasticity of the epidermis. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Correia
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Marlene Santos
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Sława Glińska
- Laboratory of Microscopic Imaging and Specialized Biological Techniques, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Łódź, Łódź, Poland
| | - Magdalena Gapińska
- Laboratory of Microscopic Imaging and Specialized Biological Techniques, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Łódź, Łódź, Poland
| | - Manuela Matos
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal
- Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute (BioISI), Sciences Faculty, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Valdemar Carnide
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Rob Schouten
- Horticulture and Product Physiology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ana Paula Silva
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Berta Gonçalves
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal
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Shao Y, Xuan G, Hu Z, Gao Z, Liu L. Determination of the bruise degree for cherry using Vis-NIR reflection spectroscopy coupled with multivariate analysis. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0222633. [PMID: 31532801 PMCID: PMC6750588 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0222633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Determination and classification of the bruise degree for cherry can improve consumer satisfaction with cherry quality and enhance the industry's competiveness and profitability. In this study, visible and near infrared (Vis-NIR) reflection spectroscopy was used for identifying bruise degree of cherry in 350-2500 nm. Sampling spectral data were extracted from normal, slight and severe bruise samples. Principal component analysis (PCA) was implemented to determine the first few principal components (PCs) for cluster analysis among samples. Optimal wavelengths were selected by loadings of PCs from PCA and successive projection algorithm (SPA) method, respectively. Afterwards, these optimal wavelengths were empolyed to establish the classification models as inputs of least square-support vector machine (LS-SVM). Better performance for qualitative discrimination of the bruise degree for cherry was emerged in LS-SVM model based on five optimal wavelengths (603, 633, 679, 1083, and 1803 nm) selected directly by SPA, which showed acceptable results with the classification accuracy of 93.3%. Confusion matrix illustrated misclassification generally occurred in normal and slight bruise samples. Furthermore, the latent relation between spectral property of cherries in varying bruise degree and its firmness and soluble solids content (SSC) was analyzed. The result showed both colour, firmness and SSC were consistent with the Vis-NIR reflectance of cherries. Overall, this study revealed that Vis-NIR reflection spectroscopy integrated with multivariate analysis can be used as a rapid, intact method to determine the bruise degree of cherry, laying a foundation for cherry sorting and postharvest quality control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Shao
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong, China
- Nanjing Research Institute For Agricultural Mechanization, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Guantao Xuan
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong, China
- College of Agriculture, Food and Natural Resources, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Zhichao Hu
- Nanjing Research Institute For Agricultural Mechanization, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zongmei Gao
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, United States of America
| | - Lei Liu
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong, China
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Morandi B, Manfrini L, Lugli S, Tugnoli A, Boini A, Perulli GD, Bresilla K, Venturi M, Corelli Grappadelli L. Sweet cherry water relations and fruit production efficiency are affected by rootstock vigor. J Plant Physiol 2019; 237:43-50. [PMID: 31022664 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2019.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Revised: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Rootstock vigor is well known to affect yield and productive performance in many fruit crops and the dwarfing trait is often the preferred choice for modern orchard systems thanks to its improved productivity and reduced canopy volume. This work investigates the different physiological responses induced by rootstock vigor on cherry, by comparing shoot and fruit growth, water relations, leaf gas exchanges as well as fruit vascular and transpiration in/outflows of "Black Star" trees grafted on semi-vigorous (CAB6 P) and on semi-dwarfing (Gisela™6) rootstocks. The daily patterns of stem (Ψstem), leaf (Ψleaf) and fruit (Ψfruit) water potential, leaf photosynthesis, stomatal conductance and transpiration, shoot and fruit growth, fruit phloem, xylem and transpiration flows were assessed both in pre- and post-veraison, while productivity and fruit quality were determined at harvest. At both stages, no significant differences were found on Ψleaf, photosynthesis, fruit daily growth rates as well as fruit vascular and transpiration flows, while trees on Gisela™6 showed lower shoot growth rates and lower Ψstem and Ψfruit than trees on CAB6 P. The resulting decrease in stem-to-leaf Ψ gradient on Gisela™6 trees determined a reduction in shoot growth by decreasing shoot strength as sinks for water and carbohydrates. On the other hand, Gisela™6 fruit lowered their Ψfruit thanks to a higher osmotic accumulation and increased their competitiveness towards shoots, as confirmed by the higher productivity and fruit soluble solid content found at harvest for these trees. These results indicate that rootstock vigor alters resource competition between vegetative and reproductive growth, which can affect water use efficiency, yield, and fruit quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brunella Morandi
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Bologna, V.le Fanin 44, 40127 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Luigi Manfrini
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Bologna, V.le Fanin 44, 40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - Stefano Lugli
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Bologna, V.le Fanin 44, 40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - Alice Tugnoli
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Bologna, V.le Fanin 44, 40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - Alexandra Boini
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Bologna, V.le Fanin 44, 40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - Giulio Demetrio Perulli
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Bologna, V.le Fanin 44, 40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - Kushtrim Bresilla
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Bologna, V.le Fanin 44, 40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - Melissa Venturi
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Bologna, V.le Fanin 44, 40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - Luca Corelli Grappadelli
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Bologna, V.le Fanin 44, 40127 Bologna, Italy
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Wang Y, Li W, Chang H, Zhou J, Luo Y, Zhang K, Wang B. Sweet cherry fruit miRNAs and effect of high CO 2 on the profile associated with ripening. Planta 2019; 249:1799-1810. [PMID: 30840178 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-019-03110-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
157 known and 55 novel miRNAs were found in sweet cherry fruit. MiRNA target genes involved in fruit ripening and the differentially expressed miRNAs under CO2 treatment were identified. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short non-coding RNAs and play important functions in many biological processes, including fruit ripening and senescence. In the current study, the high-throughput sequencing and bioinformatics methods were implemented to decipher the miRNAs landscape in sweet cherry fruit. A total of 157 known miRNAs belonging to 50 families and 55 putative novel miRNAs were found. Target genes of the miRNAs were predicted and genes involved in fruit ripening were found, including F-box proteins and TFs such as SPL, TCP, NAC, MYB, ARF and AP2/ERF. And these target genes were further confirmed by degradome sequencing. A regulatory network model was constructed to uncover the miRNAs and their targets involved in fruit ripening and senescence. Importantly, elevated carbon dioxide can significantly postpone the ripening and senescence of sweet cherry fruit and the differentially expressed miRNAs exposed to CO2 were identified. These miRNAs included miR482j, miR6275, miR164, miR166, miR171, miR393, miR858, miR3627a, miR6284, miR6289 and miR7122b, and some of their functions were linked to fruit ripening. This study was the first report to profile miRNAs in sweet cherry fruit and it would provide more information for further study of miRNA roles in the ripening processes and their regulation mechanism underlying the effects of high carbon dioxide treatment on fruit ripening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunxiang Wang
- Beijing Academy of Forestry and Pomology Sciences, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
- National R&D Center For Fruit Processing, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center for Deciduous Fruit Trees, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Wensheng Li
- Beijing Academy of Forestry and Pomology Sciences, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
- National R&D Center For Fruit Processing, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center for Deciduous Fruit Trees, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Hong Chang
- Beijing Academy of Forestry and Pomology Sciences, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
- National R&D Center For Fruit Processing, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center for Deciduous Fruit Trees, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Jiahua Zhou
- Beijing Academy of Forestry and Pomology Sciences, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
- National R&D Center For Fruit Processing, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center for Deciduous Fruit Trees, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Yunbo Luo
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Kaichun Zhang
- Beijing Academy of Forestry and Pomology Sciences, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China.
- National R&D Center For Fruit Processing, Beijing, China.
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China.
- Beijing Engineering Research Center for Deciduous Fruit Trees, Beijing, 100093, China.
| | - Baogang Wang
- Beijing Academy of Forestry and Pomology Sciences, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China.
- National R&D Center For Fruit Processing, Beijing, China.
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China.
- Beijing Engineering Research Center for Deciduous Fruit Trees, Beijing, 100093, China.
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Campoy JA, Darbyshire R, Dirlewanger E, Quero-García J, Wenden B. Yield potential definition of the chilling requirement reveals likely underestimation of the risk of climate change on winter chill accumulation. Int J Biometeorol 2019; 63:183-192. [PMID: 30460433 DOI: 10.1007/s00484-018-1649-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Revised: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/10/2018] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Evaluation of chilling requirements of cultivars of temperate fruit trees provides key information to assess regional suitability, according to winter chill, for both industry expansion and ongoing profitability as climate change progresses. Traditional methods for calculating chilling requirements use climate-controlled chambers and define chilling requirements (CR) using a fixed bud burst percentage, usually close to 50% (CR-50%). However, this CR-50% definition may estimate chilling requirements that lead to flowering percentages that are lower than required for orchards to be commercially viable. We used sweet cherry to analyse the traditional method for calculating chilling requirements (CR-50%) and compared the results with a more restrictive method, where the chilling requirement was defined by a 90% bud break level (CRm-90%). For sweet cherry, this higher requirement of flowering success (90% as opposed to 50%) better represents grower production needs as a greater number of flowers leads to greater potential yield. To investigate the future risk of insufficient chill based on alternate calculations of the chilling requirement, climate projections of winter chill suitability across Europe were calculated using CR-50% and CRm-90%. Regional suitability across the landscape was highly dependent on the method used to define chilling requirements, and differences were found for both cold and mild winter areas. Our results suggest that bud break percentage levels used in the assessment of chilling requirements for sweet cherry influence production risks of current and future production areas. The use of traditional methods to determine chilling requirements can result in an underestimation of productivity chilling requirements for tree crops like sweet cherry which rely on a high conversion of flowers to mature fruit to obtain profitable yields. This underestimation may have negative consequences for the fruit industry as climate change advances with climate risk underestimated.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Antonio Campoy
- INRA, University Bordeaux, UMR Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, Villenave d'Ornon, France
- Department of Plant Developmental Biology, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, 50829, Cologne, Germany
| | - Rebecca Darbyshire
- New South Wales Department of Primary Industries, Wagga Wagga, Australia
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Elisabeth Dirlewanger
- INRA, University Bordeaux, UMR Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - José Quero-García
- INRA, University Bordeaux, UMR Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Bénédicte Wenden
- INRA, University Bordeaux, UMR Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, Villenave d'Ornon, France.
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11
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Ono K, Akagi T, Morimoto T, Wünsch A, Tao R. Genome Re-Sequencing of Diverse Sweet Cherry (Prunus avium) Individuals Reveals a Modifier Gene Mutation Conferring Pollen-Part Self-Compatibility. Plant Cell Physiol 2018; 59:1265-1275. [PMID: 29635538 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcy068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The S-RNase-based gametophytic self-incompatibility (GSI) reproduction barrier is important for maintaining genetic diversity in species of the families Solanaceae, Plantaginaceae and Rosaceae. Among the plant taxa with S-RNase-based GSI, Prunus species in the family Rosaceae exhibit Prunus-specific self-incompatibility (SI). Although pistil S and pollen S determinants have been identified, the mechanism underlying SI remains uncharacterized in Prunus species. A putative pollen-part modifier was identified in this study. Disruption of this modifier supposedly confers self-compatibility (SC) to sweet cherry (Prunus avium) 'Cristobalina'. To identify the modifier, genome re-sequencing experiments were completed involving sweet cherry individuals from 18 cultivars and 43 individuals in two segregating populations. Cataloging of subsequences (35 bp kmers) from the obtained genomic reads, while referring to the mRNA sequencing data, enabled the identification of a candidate gene [M locus-encoded GST (MGST)]. Additionally, the insertion of a transposon-like sequence in the putative MGST promoter region in 'Cristobalina' down-regulated MGST expression levels, probably leading to the SC of this cultivar. Phylogenetic, evolutionary and gene expression analyses revealed that MGST may have undergone lineage-specific evolution, and the encoded protein may function differently from the corresponding proteins encoded by GST orthologs in other species, including members of the subfamily Maloideae (Rosaceae). Thus, MGST may be important for Prunus-specific SI. The identification of this novel modifier will expand our understanding of the Prunus-specific GSI system. We herein discuss the possible functions of MGST in the Prunus-specific GSI system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Ono
- Laboratory of Pomology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8502 Japan
| | - Takashi Akagi
- Laboratory of Pomology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8502 Japan
- Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), PRESTO, Kawaguchi-shi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
| | - Takuya Morimoto
- Laboratory of Pomology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8502 Japan
| | - Ana Wünsch
- Unidad de Hortofruticultura, Centro de Investigación y Tecnología Agroalimentaria de Aragón (CITA), Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón - IA2 (CITA-Universidad de Zaragoza), Avda, Montañana 930, 50059 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Ryutaro Tao
- Laboratory of Pomology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8502 Japan
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12
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Baldermann S, Homann T, Neugart S, Chmielewski FM, Götz KP, Gödeke K, Huschek G, Morlock GE, Rawel HM. Selected Plant Metabolites Involved in Oxidation-Reduction Processes during Bud Dormancy and Ontogenetic Development in Sweet Cherry Buds ( Prunus avium L.). Molecules 2018; 23:E1197. [PMID: 29772774 PMCID: PMC6099681 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23051197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Revised: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Many biochemical processes are involved in regulating the consecutive transition of different phases of dormancy in sweet cherry buds. An evaluation based on a metabolic approach has, as yet, only been partly addressed. The aim of this work, therefore, was to determine which plant metabolites could serve as biomarkers for the different transitions in sweet cherry buds. The focus here was on those metabolites involved in oxidation-reduction processes during bud dormancy, as determined by targeted and untargeted mass spectrometry-based methods. The metabolites addressed included phenolic compounds, ascorbate/dehydroascorbate, reducing sugars, carotenoids and chlorophylls. The results demonstrate that the content of phenolic compounds decrease until the end of endodormancy. After a long period of constancy until the end of ecodormancy, a final phase of further decrease followed up to the phenophase open cluster. The main phenolic compounds were caffeoylquinic acids, coumaroylquinic acids and catechins, as well as quercetin and kaempferol derivatives. The data also support the protective role of ascorbate and glutathione in the para- and endodormancy phases. Consistent trends in the content of reducing sugars can be elucidated for the different phenophases of dormancy, too. The untargeted approach with principle component analysis (PCA) clearly differentiates the different timings of dormancy giving further valuable information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Baldermann
- Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, 14558 Nuthetal, Potsdam, Germany.
- Leibniz Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental Crops (IGZ), Theodor-Echtermeyer-Weg 1, 14979 Großbeeren, Germany.
| | - Thomas Homann
- Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, 14558 Nuthetal, Potsdam, Germany.
| | - Susanne Neugart
- Leibniz Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental Crops (IGZ), Theodor-Echtermeyer-Weg 1, 14979 Großbeeren, Germany.
| | - Frank-M Chmielewski
- Agricultural Climatology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Humboldt-University of Berlin, Albrecht-Thaer-Weg 5, 14195 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Klaus-Peter Götz
- Agricultural Climatology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Humboldt-University of Berlin, Albrecht-Thaer-Weg 5, 14195 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Kristin Gödeke
- IGV-Institut für Getreideverarbeitung GmbH, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 40/41, 14558, Nuthetal OT Bergholz-Rehbrücke, Germany.
| | - Gerd Huschek
- IGV-Institut für Getreideverarbeitung GmbH, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 40/41, 14558, Nuthetal OT Bergholz-Rehbrücke, Germany.
| | - Getrud E Morlock
- Chair of Food Sciences, Institute of Nutritional Science, Interdisciplinary Research Center (IFZ), Justus Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich Buff Ring 26-32, D-35392 Giessen, Germany.
| | - Harshadrai M Rawel
- Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, 14558 Nuthetal, Potsdam, Germany.
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Pérez-Jiménez M, Hernández-Munuera M, Piñero MC, López-Ortega G, Del Amor FM. Are commercial sweet cherry rootstocks adapted to climate change? Short-term waterlogging and CO 2 effects on sweet cherry cv. 'Burlat'. Plant Cell Environ 2018; 41:908-918. [PMID: 28107563 DOI: 10.1111/pce.12920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2016] [Revised: 01/12/2017] [Accepted: 01/13/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
High CO2 is able to ameliorate some negative effects due to climate change and intensify others. This study involves the sweet cherry (Prunus avium) cultivar 'Burlat' grafted on the 'Mariana 2624', 'Adara' and 'LC 52' rootstocks. In a climate chamber at two CO2 concentrations, ambient (400 µmol mol-1 ) and elevated (800 µmol mol-1 ), the plants were submitted to waterlogging for 7 d, followed by 7 d of recovery after drainage. Waterlogging drastically decreased the rate of photosynthesis, significantly endangering plant survival, particularly for the 'LC 52' and 'Adara' rootstocks. 'Mariana 2624' was also clearly affected by waterlogging that increased lipid peroxidation and the Cl- and SO42- concentrations in all the studied plants. Nevertheless, CO2 was able to overcome this reduction in photosynthesis, augmenting growth, increasing soluble sugars and starch, raising turgor and regulating the concentrations of Cl- and SO42- , while lowering the NO3- concentration in leaves of all the studied rootstocks. In concordance with these results, the proline levels indicated a more intense stress at control CO2 than at high CO2 for waterlogged plants. 'Mariana 2624' was more resistant to waterlogging than 'Adara', and both were more resistant than 'LC 52' in control CO2 conditions; this clearly enhanced the chance of survival under hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margarita Pérez-Jiménez
- Departamento de Hortofruticultura, Instituto Murciano de Investigación y Desarrollo Agrario y Alimentario (IMIDA), 30150, Murcia, Spain
| | - María Hernández-Munuera
- Departamento de Hortofruticultura, Instituto Murciano de Investigación y Desarrollo Agrario y Alimentario (IMIDA), 30150, Murcia, Spain
| | - M Carmen Piñero
- Departamento de Hortofruticultura, Instituto Murciano de Investigación y Desarrollo Agrario y Alimentario (IMIDA), 30150, Murcia, Spain
| | - Gregorio López-Ortega
- Departamento de Hortofruticultura, Instituto Murciano de Investigación y Desarrollo Agrario y Alimentario (IMIDA), 30150, Murcia, Spain
| | - Francisco M Del Amor
- Departamento de Hortofruticultura, Instituto Murciano de Investigación y Desarrollo Agrario y Alimentario (IMIDA), 30150, Murcia, Spain
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Follett PA, Swedman A, Mackey B. Effect of Low-Oxygen Conditions Created by Modified Atmosphere Packaging on Radiation Tolerance in Drosophila suzukii (Diptera: Drosophilidae) in Sweet Cherries. J Econ Entomol 2018; 111:141-145. [PMID: 29267933 DOI: 10.1093/jee/tox337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) creates a low-oxygen (O2) environment that can increase the shelf life of fresh produce by decreasing respiration and the growth of pathogens. Low oxygen may also increase insect tolerance to irradiation (IR), and the use of MAP with products treated by IR to control quarantine pests before export may inadvertently compromise treatment efficacy. Spotted wing drosophila, Drosophila suzukii Matsumura (Diptera: Drosophilidae) is a quarantine pest of stone and small fruits and a potential target for postharvest IR treatment. The effect of low oxygen generated by MAP at ambient temperatures on the radiation tolerance of D. suzukii infesting sweet cherries was examined. Early pupal stage D. suzukii were inserted into ripe sweet cherries and treated by 1) MAP + IR, 2) IR alone, 3) MAP alone, or 4) no MAP and no IR and held for adult emergence. Three types of commercially available MAP products were tested that produced different oxygen concentrations between 3 and 15%, and a sublethal radiation dose (60 Gy) was used to allow comparisons between the treatments. Xtend PP61 bags (3.2-4.8% O2), Xtend PP71 bags (5.4-8.6% O2), and Xtend PP53 bags (13.6-15.4% O2) did not enhance survivorship to the adult stage in D. suzukii pupae irradiated at 60 Gy in sweet cherries. MAP use should not compromise phytosanitary IR treatment against D. suzukii in exported sweet cherries or other fruit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter A Follett
- USDA-ARS, Daniel K. Inouye U.S. Pacific Basin Agricultural Research Center, Hilo, Hawaii
| | - Allison Swedman
- USDA-ARS, Daniel K. Inouye U.S. Pacific Basin Agricultural Research Center, Hilo, Hawaii
| | - Bruce Mackey
- USDA-ARS, Western Regional Research Center, Albany, CA
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15
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Kaufmann H, Blanke M. Changes in carbohydrate levels and relative water content (RWC) to distinguish dormancy phases in sweet cherry. J Plant Physiol 2017; 218:1-5. [PMID: 28759789 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2017.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Revised: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Perennial trees require chilling, i.e. a period of cold temperature in the winter, for flowering next spring; sweet cherry is particularly prone to lack of chilling. The objective of this study is to identify possible transition points to clearly distinguish dormancy phases by relating carbohydrate and relative water content (RWC) in reproductive buds to concomitant chilling fulfilment. This contribution proposes the use of four transition points between the dormancy phases and their characterization in terms of carbohydrates, water contents in combination with chilling values and may allow upscaling to other dormancy studies in trees; two groups of cherry varieties were defined based on their different initial sorbitol and starch level in the autumn. The first separation between para- and (deep) d-endo-dormancy is characterized as a transition from a decrease (variety group 1) or a constant level (variety group 2) to a sharp increase in hexoses and sorbitol and a drop of starch content. The second transition point (d-endo- to f-endo-dormancy) is characterized as the changes in both hexoses (increase) and starch (decrease) terminate and ca. 650 Chilling Hours (CH), i.e. insufficient chilling in the concomitant forcing experiment with cut branches. This third transition point (f-endo- to eco-dormancy) was characterized by ca. 1000 CH, the minimum chilling requirement and restrained flowering (cut branches). The fourth transition point (forcing initiation) marked an increase in water content at ca. 1550 CH, optimum chilling for cherry and coincided with natural flowering. A ratio of hexoses (glucose plus fructose) to starch content (<2:1) appeared to be a potential indicator of the beginning of chilling (para-dormancy) and a ratio of 14-20:1 typical for endo-dormancy, whereas the release from dormancy was associated with a decline to less than 10:1 at the end of winter (eco-dormancy). To our knowledge, this is the first time that transition points are identified based on constituents (carbohydrates and relative water content) in floral buds related to current chilling status and dormancy phases and are also presented in a schematic diagram. The understanding of these changes in relative water content and carbohydrate levels may contribute to manage insufficient chilling in the orchard and support climate change studies with trees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heiko Kaufmann
- INRES Horticultural Science, University of Bonn, Auf dem Hügel 6, 53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Michael Blanke
- INRES Horticultural Science, University of Bonn, Auf dem Hügel 6, 53121 Bonn, Germany.
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16
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Grimm E, Pflugfelder D, van Dusschoten D, Winkler A, Knoche M. Physical rupture of the xylem in developing sweet cherry fruit causes progressive decline in xylem sap inflow rate. Planta 2017. [PMID: 28623562 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-017-2719-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Xylem flow is progressively shut down during maturation beginning with minor veins at the stylar end and progressing to major veins and finally to bundles at the stem end. This study investigates the functionality of the xylem vascular system in developing sweet cherry fruit (Prunus avium L.). The tracers acid fuchsin and gadoteric acid were fed to the pedicel of detached fruit. The tracer distribution was studied using light microscopy and magnetic resonance imaging. The vasculature of the sweet cherry comprises five major bundles. Three of these supply the flesh; two enter the pit to supply the ovules. All vascular bundles branch into major and minor veins that interconnect via numerous anastomoses. The flow in the xylem as indexed by the tracer distribution decreases continuously during development. The decrease is first evident at the stylar (distal) end of the fruit during pit hardening and progresses basipetally towards the pedicel (proximal) end of the fruit at maturity. That growth strains are the cause of the decreased conductance is indicated by: elastic strain relaxation after tissue excision, the presence of ruptured vessels in vivo, the presence of intrafascicular cavities, and the absence of tyloses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eckhard Grimm
- Abteilung Obstbau, Institut für Gartenbauliche Produktionssysteme, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Herrenhäuser Straße 2, 30419, Hannover, Germany
| | - Daniel Pflugfelder
- IBG-2: Pflanzenwissenschaften, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Wilhelm-Johnen-Straße, 52428, Jülich, Germany
| | - Dagmar van Dusschoten
- IBG-2: Pflanzenwissenschaften, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Wilhelm-Johnen-Straße, 52428, Jülich, Germany
| | - Andreas Winkler
- Abteilung Obstbau, Institut für Gartenbauliche Produktionssysteme, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Herrenhäuser Straße 2, 30419, Hannover, Germany
| | - Moritz Knoche
- Abteilung Obstbau, Institut für Gartenbauliche Produktionssysteme, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Herrenhäuser Straße 2, 30419, Hannover, Germany.
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17
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Pérez-Jiménez M, Hernández-Munuera M, Piñero Zapata MC, López-Ortega G, Del Amor FM. Two minuses can make a plus: waterlogging and elevated CO 2 interactions in sweet cherry (Prunus avium) cultivars. Physiol Plant 2017; 161:257-272. [PMID: 28568609 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.12590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Revised: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 05/19/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The increase in the ambient concentration of CO2 and other greenhouse gases is producing climate events that can compromise crop survival. However, high CO2 concentrations are sometimes able to mitigate certain stresses such as salinity or drought. In this experiment, the effects of waterlogging and CO2 are studied in combination to elucidate the eventual response in sweet cherry trees. For this purpose, four sweet cherry cultivars ('Burlat', 'Cashmere', 'Lapins and 'New Star') were grafted on a typically hypoxia-tolerant rootstock (Mariana 2624) and submitted to waterlogging for 7 days at either ambient CO2 concentration (400 µmol mol-1 ) or at elevated CO2 (800 µmol mol-1 ). Waterlogging affected plants drastically, by decreasing photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, transpiration, chlorophyll fluorescence and growth. It also brought about the accumulation of proline, chloride and sulfate. Nonetheless, raising the CO2 supply not only mitigated all these effects but also induced the accumulation of soluble sugars and starch in the leaf. Therefore, sweet cherry plants submitted to waterlogging were able to overcome this stress when grown in a CO2 -enriched environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margarita Pérez-Jiménez
- Departamento de Hortofruticultura, Instituto Murciano de Investigación y Desarrollo Agrario y Alimentario (IMIDA), Murcia, 30150, Spain
| | - María Hernández-Munuera
- Departamento de Hortofruticultura, Instituto Murciano de Investigación y Desarrollo Agrario y Alimentario (IMIDA), Murcia, 30150, Spain
| | - Maria Carmen Piñero Zapata
- Departamento de Hortofruticultura, Instituto Murciano de Investigación y Desarrollo Agrario y Alimentario (IMIDA), Murcia, 30150, Spain
| | - Gregorio López-Ortega
- Departamento de Hortofruticultura, Instituto Murciano de Investigación y Desarrollo Agrario y Alimentario (IMIDA), Murcia, 30150, Spain
| | - Francisco M Del Amor
- Departamento de Hortofruticultura, Instituto Murciano de Investigación y Desarrollo Agrario y Alimentario (IMIDA), Murcia, 30150, Spain
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18
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Pérez-Jiménez M, Hernández-Munuera M, Piñero MC, López-Ortega G, Del Amor FM. CO 2 effects on the waterlogging response of 'Gisela 5' and 'Gisela 6' (Prunus cerasusxPrunus canescens) sweet cherry (Prunus avium) rootstocks. J Plant Physiol 2017; 213:178-187. [PMID: 28407490 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2017.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2017] [Revised: 03/20/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Climate change is submitting countries of the Mediterranean arc to periods of drought alternating with heavy rain and waterlogging. Eventual floods along with the rising CO2 in the atmosphere present an unpredictable scenario that affects crop survival. The effect of both stresses combined has been studied in sweet cherry plants. 'Gisela 5' and 'Gisela 6' were evaluated as rootstocks of the sweet cherry cultivar 'Burlat'. Plants were placed in a controlled-climate chamber for 7days, then they were submitted to waterlogging for another 7days and the response to this stress and the subsequent recovery were studied (7 more days). The experiment was carried out at 400μmolmol-1 CO2 (ambient CO2) and 800μmolmol-1 CO2, at 26°C, and plant water status and growth, net CO2 assimilation, transpiration, stomatal conductance, water potential, chlorophyll fluorescence, relative water content, anions content, proline, lipid peroxidation, soluble sugars, and starch were measured. Differences in the response and in its intensity were detected in both rootstocks. Some parameters - such as photosynthesis, soluble sugars, starch, TBARS, and NO3- - varied depending on the CO2 conditions and the waterlogging effect. Elevated CO2 was able to increase photosynthesis and thereby help plants to overcome waterlogging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margarita Pérez-Jiménez
- Departamento de Hortofruticultura, Instituto Murciano de Investigación y Desarrollo Agrario y Alimentario (IMIDA), 30150, Murcia, Spain.
| | - María Hernández-Munuera
- Departamento de Hortofruticultura, Instituto Murciano de Investigación y Desarrollo Agrario y Alimentario (IMIDA), 30150, Murcia, Spain
| | - M Carmen Piñero
- Departamento de Hortofruticultura, Instituto Murciano de Investigación y Desarrollo Agrario y Alimentario (IMIDA), 30150, Murcia, Spain
| | - Gregorio López-Ortega
- Departamento de Hortofruticultura, Instituto Murciano de Investigación y Desarrollo Agrario y Alimentario (IMIDA), 30150, Murcia, Spain
| | - Francisco M Del Amor
- Departamento de Hortofruticultura, Instituto Murciano de Investigación y Desarrollo Agrario y Alimentario (IMIDA), 30150, Murcia, Spain
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19
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Brüggenwirth M, Knoche M. Cell wall swelling, fracture mode, and the mechanical properties of cherry fruit skins are closely related. Planta 2017; 245:765-777. [PMID: 28012001 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-016-2639-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2016] [Accepted: 12/09/2016] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Cell wall swelling, fracture mode (along the middle lamellae vs. across cell walls), stiffness, and pressure at fracture of the sweet cherry fruit skin are closely related. Skin cracking is a common phenomenon in many crops bearing fleshy fruit. The objectives were to investigate relationships between the mode of fracture, the extent of cell wall swelling, and the mechanical properties of the fruit skin using sweet cherry (Prunus avium) as a model. Cracking was induced by incubating whole fruit in deionised water or by fracturing exocarp segments (ESs) in biaxial tensile tests. The fracture mode of epidermal cells was investigated by light microscopy. In biaxial tensile tests, the anticlinal cell walls of the ES fractured predominantly across the cell walls (rather than along) and showed no cell wall swelling. In contrast, fruit incubated in water fractured predominantly along the anticlinal epidermal cell walls and the cell walls were swollen. Swelling of cell walls also occurred when ESs were incubated in malic acid, in hypertonic solutions of sucrose, or in water. Compared to the untreated controls, these treatments resulted in more frequent fractures along the cell walls, lower pressures at fracture (p fracture), and lower moduli of elasticity (E, i.e., less stiff). Conversely, compared to the untreated controls, incubating the ES in CaCl2 and in high concentrations of ethanol resulted in thinner cell walls, in less frequent fractures along the cell walls, higher E and p fracture. Our study demonstrates that fracture mode, stiffness, and pressure at fracture are closely related to cell wall swelling. A number of other factors, including cultivar, ripening stage, turgor, CaCl2, and malic acid, exert their effects only indirectly, i.e., by affecting cell wall swelling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Brüggenwirth
- Institute for Horticultural Production Systems, Leibniz-University Hannover, Herrenhäuser Straße 2, 30419, Hannover, Germany
| | - Moritz Knoche
- Institute for Horticultural Production Systems, Leibniz-University Hannover, Herrenhäuser Straße 2, 30419, Hannover, Germany.
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Shen X, Guo X, Guo X, Zhao D, Zhao W, Chen J, Li T. PacMYBA, a sweet cherry R2R3-MYB transcription factor, is a positive regulator of salt stress tolerance and pathogen resistance. Plant Physiol Biochem 2017; 112:302-311. [PMID: 28126679 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2017.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2016] [Revised: 01/12/2017] [Accepted: 01/14/2017] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Plant R2R3-MYB transcription factors play crucial roles in stress responses. We previously isolated a R2R3-MYB homolog from sweet cherry cv. Hong Deng, designated PacMYBA (GenBank accession No. KF974774). To explore the role of PacMYBA in the plant stress response, we heterologously expressed PacMYBA in transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana plants. In a previous study, we demonstrated that PacMYBA is mainly localized to the nucleus and could be induced by abscisic acid (ABA). Analysis of the promoter sequence of PacMYBA revealed that it contains several stress-related cis-elements. QPCR results showed that PacMYBA is induced by salt, salicylic (SA), and jasmonic acid (JA) in sweet cherry leaves. Transgenic Arabidopsis plants heterologously expressing PacMYBA exhibited enhanced salt-tolerance and increased resistance to Pseudomonas syringe pv. tomato (Pst) DC3000 infection. Overexpression of PacMYBA decreased the osmotic potential (OP), increased the free proline content, and increased the peroxidase content in transgenic Arabidopsis plants. Furthermore, overexpression of PacMYBA also affected the expression levels of salt stress- and pathogen defense-related genes in the transgenic plants. These results indicate that PacMYBA is a positive regulator of salt stress tolerance and pathogen resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinjie Shen
- Department of Fruit Science, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture of People's Republic of China, Oilcrops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinwei Guo
- Department of Fruit Science, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao Guo
- Department of Fruit Science, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Di Zhao
- Department of Fruit Science, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture of People's Republic of China, Oilcrops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingsheng Chen
- Daqing Branch, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Daqing 163316, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianhong Li
- Department of Fruit Science, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China; Beijing Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-environmental Improvement with Forestry and Fruit Trees, Beijing 102206, People's Republic of China.
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21
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Gibeaut DM, Whiting MD, Einhorn T. Time indices of multiphasic development in genotypes of sweet cherry are similar from dormancy to cessation of pit growth. Ann Bot 2017; 119:465-475. [PMID: 28064193 PMCID: PMC5314649 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcw232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2016] [Revised: 08/26/2016] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The archetypical double sigmoid-shaped growth curve of the sweet cherry drupe (Prunus avium) does not address critical development from eco-dormancy to anthesis and has not been correlated to reproductive bud development. Accurate representation of the growth and development of post-anthesis ovaries is confounded by anthesis timing, fruiting-density and the presence of unfertilized and defective ovaries whose growth differs from those that persist to maturation. These factors were addressed to assess pre-anthesis and full-season growth and development of three sweet cherry cultivars, 'Chelan', 'Bing' and 'Sweetheart', differing primarily in seasonal duration and fruit size. METHODS Volume was calculated from photographic measurements of reproductive buds, ovaries and pits at all phases of development. A population of unfertilized ovaries was produced using bee-exclusion netting to enable a statistical comparison with an open pollinated population to detect differences in size and shape between successful and failing fruit growth. Anthesis timing and fruiting-density were manipulated by floral extinction at the spur and whole-tree scales. Developmental time indices were analysed using polynomial curve fitting of log-transformed data supported by Richards and logistic functions of asymptotic growth of the pit and maturing fruit, respectively. KEY RESULTS Pre-anthesis growth began at the completion of eco-dormancy. A slight decline in relative growth rate (RGR) was observed during bud scale separation approx. -16 d from anthesis (DFA) before resumption of exponential growth to a maximum about 14 DFA. After anthesis, reduced growth of unfertilized or defective ovaries was partly discriminated from successful fruit at 5 DFA and completely at 25 DFA. Time indices of RGR inflections were similar among cultivars when adjusted for anthesis date alone, until the end of pit growth. Asymptotic growth of the pit underpinned the declining growth rate of fruit at the end of the first exponential growth phase. Duration of the subsequent expansive growth phase accounted for genotypic differences in seasonal duration and final size. Pit size and final fruit size were inversely related to fruiting-density. CONCLUSIONS Developmental differences among early, mid and late maturing cultivars were not detected until the final growth period.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M Gibeaut
- Department of Horticulture, Oregon State University, Mid-Columbia Agricultural Research and Extension Center, 3005 Experiment Station Drive, OR 97031, USA
| | - Matthew D Whiting
- Department of Horticulture, Washington State University, Irrigated Agriculture Research and Extension Center, 24106 N. Bunn Road, Prosser, WA 99350, USA
| | - Todd Einhorn
- Department of Horticulture, Oregon State University, Mid-Columbia Agricultural Research and Extension Center, 3005 Experiment Station Drive, OR 97031, USA
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22
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Giné-Bordonaba J, Echeverria G, Ubach D, Aguiló-Aguayo I, López ML, Larrigaudière C. Biochemical and physiological changes during fruit development and ripening of two sweet cherry varieties with different levels of cracking tolerance. Plant Physiol Biochem 2017; 111:216-225. [PMID: 27951491 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2016.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2016] [Revised: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the biochemical and metabolic changes, related to oxidative stress, ethylene and respiration, cell wall modification and primary metabolism, between a high ('Prime Giant') and a low ('Cristalina') cracking susceptible sweet cherry cultivar during growth and ripening. While cherries are referred as a non-climacteric fruit, our results show that an increase of endogenous ethylene production at earlier fruit developmental stages is parallel to colour development and softening during growth. Higher cracking susceptibility was clearly associated to a higher fruit growth rate and accompanied by an increase net CO2 and ethylene production, on a cherry basis, leading to an enhanced accumulation of oxidative stress markers (i.e. H2O2 and MDA). As observed in other fruit species (i.e. tomatoes) higher cracking susceptibility was also related to enhanced activity of cell wall-modifying enzymes which in turn occurred in parallel to the ethylene rise. Overall, these results suggest that cracking development may be a more complex phenomenon than a mere consequence of altered fruit water absorption or turgor and point out the importance of ethylene on sweet cherry ripening and cracking development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordi Giné-Bordonaba
- Postharvest Programme, Institute for Food and Agricultural Research and Technology (IRTA), Parc Científic i Tecnològic Agroalimentari de Lleida, Edifici Fruitcentre, 25003, Lleida, Spain.
| | - Gemma Echeverria
- Postharvest Programme, Institute for Food and Agricultural Research and Technology (IRTA), Parc Científic i Tecnològic Agroalimentari de Lleida, Edifici Fruitcentre, 25003, Lleida, Spain
| | - Dolors Ubach
- Postharvest Programme, Institute for Food and Agricultural Research and Technology (IRTA), Parc Científic i Tecnològic Agroalimentari de Lleida, Edifici Fruitcentre, 25003, Lleida, Spain
| | - Ingrid Aguiló-Aguayo
- Postharvest Programme, Institute for Food and Agricultural Research and Technology (IRTA), Parc Científic i Tecnològic Agroalimentari de Lleida, Edifici Fruitcentre, 25003, Lleida, Spain
| | - M Luisa López
- Postharvest Programme, Institute for Food and Agricultural Research and Technology (IRTA), Parc Científic i Tecnològic Agroalimentari de Lleida, Edifici Fruitcentre, 25003, Lleida, Spain; Food Technology Department, University of Lleida, Alcalde Rovira Roure 191, 25198, Lleida, Spain
| | - Christian Larrigaudière
- Postharvest Programme, Institute for Food and Agricultural Research and Technology (IRTA), Parc Científic i Tecnològic Agroalimentari de Lleida, Edifici Fruitcentre, 25003, Lleida, Spain
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23
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Boyle NK, Pitts-Singer TL. The Effect of Nest Box Distribution on Sustainable Propagation of Osmia lignaria (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae) in Commercial Tart Cherry Orchards. J Insect Sci 2017; 17:3074742. [PMID: 28365763 PMCID: PMC5416879 DOI: 10.1093/jisesa/iex008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2016] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The blue orchard bee, Osmia lignaria (Say), is a solitary bee that is an excellent pollinator of tree fruit orchards. Due to the annual rising costs of honey bee hive rentals, many orchardists are eager to develop management tools and practices to support O. lignaria as an alternative pollinator. Establishing O. lignaria pollination as a sustainable industry requires careful consideration of both bee and orchard management. Here, we test the effect of artificial nest box distribution on in-orchard propagation of O. lignaria in Utah commercial tart cherry orchards. Two nest box distributions were compared across three paired, 1.2-ha plots. One distribution, traditionally employed by O. lignaria consultants, included a centrally located tote for mass-nesting with smaller, surrounding 'satellite' nest boxes at orchard margins. The other distribution was composed of smaller, more equally distributed nest boxes throughout the 1.2-ha plots. Significantly higher propagation of O. lignaria was observed in the latter nest box distribution, although all treatments resulted in bee return exceeding the number of bees initially released. These findings provide support for the use of O. lignaria in tart cherry orchards, and demonstrate how simple changes to bee set-up and management can influence propagation efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- N K Boyle
- Bee Biology and Systematics Laboratory, USDA-ARS-PIRU, 1410 N 800 E, Logan, UT 84341
| | - T L Pitts-Singer
- Bee Biology and Systematics Laboratory, USDA-ARS-PIRU, 1410 N 800 E, Logan, UT 84341
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24
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Castède S, Campoy JA, Le Dantec L, Quero-García J, Barreneche T, Wenden B, Dirlewanger E. Mapping of Candidate Genes Involved in Bud Dormancy and Flowering Time in Sweet Cherry (Prunus avium). PLoS One 2015; 10:e0143250. [PMID: 26587668 PMCID: PMC4654497 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0143250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2015] [Accepted: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The timing of flowering in perennial plants is crucial for their survival in temperate climates and is regulated by the duration of bud dormancy. Bud dormancy release and bud break depend on the perception of cumulative chilling during endodormancy and heat during the bud development. The objectives of this work were to identify candidate genes involved in dormancy and flowering processes in sweet cherry, their mapping in two mapping progenies ‘Regina’ × ‘Garnet’ and ‘Regina’ × ‘Lapins’, and to select those candidate genes which co-localized with quantitative trait loci (QTLs) associated with temperature requirements for bud dormancy release and flowering. Based on available data on flowering processes in various species, a list of 79 candidate genes was established. The peach and sweet cherry orthologs were identified and primers were designed to amplify sweet cherry candidate gene fragments. Based on the amplified sequences of the three parents of the mapping progenies, SNPs segregations in the progenies were identified. Thirty five candidate genes were genetically mapped in at least one of the two progenies and all were in silico mapped. Co-localization between candidate genes and QTLs associated with temperature requirements and flowering date were identified for the first time in sweet cherry. The allelic composition of the candidate genes located in the major QTL for heat requirements and flowering date located on linkage group 4 have a significant effect on these two traits indicating their potential use for breeding programs in sweet cherry to select new varieties adapted to putative future climatic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Castède
- INRA, UMR 1332 de Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, F-33140, Villenave d’Ornon, France
- Univ. Bordeaux, UMR 1332 de Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, F-33140, Villenave d’Ornon, France
| | - José Antonio Campoy
- INRA, UMR 1332 de Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, F-33140, Villenave d’Ornon, France
- Univ. Bordeaux, UMR 1332 de Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, F-33140, Villenave d’Ornon, France
| | - Loïck Le Dantec
- INRA, UMR 1332 de Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, F-33140, Villenave d’Ornon, France
- Univ. Bordeaux, UMR 1332 de Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, F-33140, Villenave d’Ornon, France
| | - José Quero-García
- INRA, UMR 1332 de Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, F-33140, Villenave d’Ornon, France
- Univ. Bordeaux, UMR 1332 de Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, F-33140, Villenave d’Ornon, France
| | - Teresa Barreneche
- INRA, UMR 1332 de Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, F-33140, Villenave d’Ornon, France
- Univ. Bordeaux, UMR 1332 de Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, F-33140, Villenave d’Ornon, France
| | - Bénédicte Wenden
- INRA, UMR 1332 de Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, F-33140, Villenave d’Ornon, France
- Univ. Bordeaux, UMR 1332 de Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, F-33140, Villenave d’Ornon, France
| | - Elisabeth Dirlewanger
- INRA, UMR 1332 de Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, F-33140, Villenave d’Ornon, France
- Univ. Bordeaux, UMR 1332 de Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, F-33140, Villenave d’Ornon, France
- * E-mail:
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Rodríguez-Calcerrada J, López R, Salomón R, Gordaliza GG, Valbuena-Carabaña M, Oleksyn J, Gil L. Stem CO2 efflux in six co-occurring tree species: underlying factors and ecological implications. Plant Cell Environ 2015; 38:1104-1115. [PMID: 25292455 DOI: 10.1111/pce.12463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2014] [Revised: 09/26/2014] [Accepted: 09/29/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Stem respiration plays a role in species coexistence and forest dynamics. Here we examined the intra- and inter-specific variability of stem CO2 efflux (E) in dominant and suppressed trees of six deciduous species in a mixed forest stand: Fagus sylvatica L., Quercus petraea [Matt.] Liebl, Quercus pyrenaica Willd., Prunus avium L., Sorbus aucuparia L. and Crataegus monogyna Jacq. We conducted measurements in late autumn. Within species, dominants had higher E per unit stem surface area (Es ) mainly because sapwood depth was higher than in suppressed trees. Across species, however, differences in Es corresponded with differences in the proportion of living parenchyma in sapwood and concentration of non-structural carbohydrates (NSC). Across species, Es was strongly and NSC marginally positively related with an index of drought tolerance, suggesting that slow growth of drought-tolerant trees is related to higher NSC concentration and Es . We conclude that, during the leafless period, E is indicative of maintenance respiration and is related with some ecological characteristics of the species, such as drought resistance; that sapwood depth is the main factor explaining variability in Es within species; and that the proportion of NSC in the sapwood is the main factor behind variability in Es among species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Rodríguez-Calcerrada
- Forest Genetics and Ecophysiology Research Group, School of Forestry Engineering, Technical University of Madrid, Madrid, 28040, Spain
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