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Cicci A, Scarponi P, Cavinato C, Bravi M. Microalgae production in olive mill wastewater fractions and cattle digestate slurry: Bioremediation effects and suitability for energy and feed uses. Sci Total Environ 2024; 932:172773. [PMID: 38685426 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
The possibility of obtaining energy or nutritive streams and bioremediation as an add-on opens new perspectives for the massive culturing of microalgal biomass on waste waters generated by the agro-food sector. Ordinary revenue streams are fully preserved, or even boosted, if they are used in microalgal cultivation; however, the suitability of wastewaters depends on multiple nutritional and toxic factors. Here, the effect of modulating the Olive Mill Wastewater (OMW) and cattle digestate (CD) fraction in the formulation of a growth medium on biomass accumulation and productivity of selected biomass fractions and their relevance for biofuel and/or feed production were tested for the microalga Scenedesmus dimorphus and for the cyanobacterium Arthrospira platensis (Spirulina). Tests highlighted the strong S. dimorphus adaptability to digestate, as on OMW, compared to A. platensis, with the maximum lipid storage (48 %) when culture medium was composed by 50 % of cattle digestate.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Cicci
- Department of Chemical Engineering Materials Environment, Sapienza University of Roma, via Eudossiana, 18, 00184 Roma, Italy
| | - P Scarponi
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, University Ca' Foscari of Venice, via Torino 155, 30172 Venice, Italy.
| | - C Cavinato
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, University Ca' Foscari of Venice, via Torino 155, 30172 Venice, Italy
| | - M Bravi
- Department of Chemical Engineering Materials Environment, Sapienza University of Roma, via Eudossiana, 18, 00184 Roma, Italy
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2
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Shah SV, Lamba BY, Tiwari AK, Sharma R. Self-flocculation behaviour of cellulose-based bioflocculant synthesized from sewage water grown Chlorella sorokiniana and Scenedesmus abundans. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2024; 47:725-736. [PMID: 38582779 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-024-03009-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
The global energy crisis has spurred a shift from conventional to clean and sustainable energy sources. Biomass derived from microalgae is emerging as an alternative energy source with diverse applications. Despite the numerous advantages of microalgae, large-scale biomass harvesting is not economical and convenient. Self-flocculation is considered an effective phenomenon facilitated by extracting the flocculating substances from microalgae that assist aggregation of algal cells into flocs. A novel cellulose-based bioflocculant has been synthesized from sewage water grown Chlorella sorokiniana and Scenedesmus abundans for harvesting application. The produced bioflocculant amounted to 38.5% and 19.38% of the dry weight of S. abundans and C. sorokiniana, respectively. Analysis via FTIR, XRD, and FESEM-EDX revealed the presence of cellulose hydroxyapatite (HA) in algae-derived cellulose. Harvesting efficiencies of 95.3% and 89.16% were attained for S. abundans and C. sorokiniana, respectively, at a dosage of 0.5 g/L. Furthermore, the bioflocculant was recovered, enabling its reuse with recovery efficiencies of 52% and 10% for S. abundans and C. sorokiniana, respectively. This simple and efficient approach has the potential to replace other harvesting methods, thereby contributing to the economic algal biofuel production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonal Vilas Shah
- School of Advanced Engineering, UPES, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
- Centre for Alternate Energy Research (CAER), UPES, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Bhawna Yadav Lamba
- School of Advanced Engineering, UPES, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India.
- Centre for Alternate Energy Research (CAER), UPES, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India.
| | - Avanish K Tiwari
- Centre for Renewable Energy and Sustainable Development, VIKALP (Nai Dishayen), New Delhi, India
| | - Rohit Sharma
- University Institute of Engineering, Chandigarh University, Mohali, India
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3
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Dahmen-Ben Moussa I, Maalej A, Masmoudi MA, Feki F, Choura S, Baccar N, Jelail L, Karray F, Chamkha M, Sayadi S. Effect of olive mill wastewaters on Scenedesmus sp. growth, metabolism and polyphenols removal. J Sci Food Agric 2021; 101:5508-5519. [PMID: 33682135 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.11200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 01/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The three-phase extraction process of olive oil produces highly contaminated wastewater (OMW). The elimination of this toxic by-product is an important environmental issue that requires the development of an appropriate management solution. The cultivation of microalgae using OMW as growth medium was therefore studied using single (the culture medium was formed by 0% to 80% ultrafiltered olive mill wastewater (OMUF) or OMW added to BG11) and two-stage strategies (microalgae were firstly cultivated in the BG11 medium. In the second stage, 40% and 80% of OMUF and OMW were added to the culture). In this work, biodegradation of OMW and subsequent extraction of lipid and antioxidant molecules was investigated as an ecofriendly method for the bioremediation and valorization of OMW. RESULTS For two-stage cultivation, OMUF and OMW stress enhanced the intracellular amount of polyphenol accumulated in Scenedesmus sp. and exhibited the highest 2, 2-diphenyl-1- picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH) and 2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzoline-6-sulfonate) radical (ABTS) scavenging ability compared with single-stage cultivation. Moreover, the lipid profile is dominated by polyunsaturated acids. In the single-stage cultivation, the Ch a, Ch b, carotenoid, carbohydrate and lipid content of 2.57, 7.4, 1.69, 368, and 644 g kg-1 were observed in 40% OMUF added culture, respectively, along with high biomass productivity and 58% of polyphenol removal. Moreover, the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay showed that the biomass of Scenedesmus sp. cultured on 40% OMUF did not show any toxic effect, making it an efficient strategy. CONCLUSION The results indicate that Scenedesmus sp. is a promising microalga for the biotreatment of OMW and the extraction of bioactive metabolites. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ines Dahmen-Ben Moussa
- Laboratory of Environmental Bioprocesses, Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Amina Maalej
- Laboratory of Environmental Bioprocesses, Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Mohamed A Masmoudi
- Laboratory of Environmental Bioprocesses, Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Firas Feki
- Laboratory of Environmental Bioprocesses, Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Sirine Choura
- Laboratory of Environmental Bioprocesses, Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Nidhal Baccar
- Laboratory of Environmental Bioprocesses, Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Lobna Jelail
- Laboratory of Environmental Bioprocesses, Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Fatma Karray
- Laboratory of Environmental Bioprocesses, Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Mohamed Chamkha
- Laboratory of Environmental Bioprocesses, Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Sami Sayadi
- Center for Sustainable Development, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
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Calhoun S, Bell TAS, Dahlin LR, Kunde Y, LaButti K, Louie KB, Kuftin A, Treen D, Dilworth D, Mihaltcheva S, Daum C, Bowen BP, Northen TR, Guarnieri MT, Starkenburg SR, Grigoriev IV. A multi-omic characterization of temperature stress in a halotolerant Scenedesmus strain for algal biotechnology. Commun Biol 2021; 4:333. [PMID: 33712730 PMCID: PMC7955037 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-01859-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Microalgae efficiently convert sunlight into lipids and carbohydrates, offering bio-based alternatives for energy and chemical production. Improving algal productivity and robustness against abiotic stress requires a systems level characterization enabled by functional genomics. Here, we characterize a halotolerant microalga Scenedesmus sp. NREL 46B-D3 demonstrating peak growth near 25 °C that reaches 30 g/m2/day and the highest biomass accumulation capacity post cell division reported to date for a halotolerant strain. Functional genomics analysis revealed that genes involved in lipid production, ion channels and antiporters are expanded and expressed. Exposure to temperature stress shifts fatty acid metabolism and increases amino acids synthesis. Co-expression analysis shows that many fatty acid biosynthesis genes are overexpressed with specific transcription factors under cold stress. These and other genes involved in the metabolic and regulatory response to temperature stress can be further explored for strain improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Calhoun
- US Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Tisza Ann Szeremy Bell
- Applied Genomics Team, Bioscience Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, USA
- Division of Biological Sciences, Genome Core, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, USA
| | - Lukas R Dahlin
- National Bioenergy Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO, USA
| | - Yuliya Kunde
- Applied Genomics Team, Bioscience Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, USA
| | - Kurt LaButti
- US Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Katherine B Louie
- US Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Andrea Kuftin
- US Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Daniel Treen
- US Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - David Dilworth
- US Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Sirma Mihaltcheva
- US Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Christopher Daum
- US Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Benjamin P Bowen
- US Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Trent R Northen
- US Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Michael T Guarnieri
- National Bioenergy Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO, USA
| | - Shawn R Starkenburg
- Applied Genomics Team, Bioscience Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, USA.
| | - Igor V Grigoriev
- US Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA.
- Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA.
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.
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5
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Yang W, Gao X, Wu Y, Wan L, Lu C, Huang J, Chen H, Yang Y, Ding H, Zhang W. Chemical- and species-specific toxicity of nonylphenol and octylphenol to microalgae Chlorella pyrenoidosa and Scenedesmus obliquus. Environ Toxicol Pharmacol 2021; 81:103517. [PMID: 33080356 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2020.103517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
As typical endocrine disrupters, nonylphenol (NP) and octylphenol (OP) are emerging pollutants that have attracted wide attention. This study investigated the toxicity effects of NP and OP on microalgae Chlorella pyrenoidosa and Scenedesmus obliquus, particularly on their growth inhibition, photosynthetic pigment, chlorophyll fluorescence, and superoxide dismutase and malondialdehyde levels. Results showed that the 96 h EC50 of NP and OP was 2.89 and 5.21 mg/L on C. pyrenoidosa, respectively, and 1.54 and 8.48 mg/L on S. obliquus, respectively. NP exerted a stronger inhibitory effect on cell growth, photosynthesis, and PSII activity, and it contributed more oxidative stress on C. pyrenoidosa than on S. obliquus. By contrast, OP exerted a stronger inhibitory effect on S. obliquus than on C. pyrenoidosa. Furthermore, the toxicity of OP to the tested microalgae was lower than that of NP. Principal component analysis (PCA) and Pearson's correlation indicate that the accumulation of reactive oxygen species is the dominant mechanism of NP and OP cellular toxicity. The principal components of NP and OP affecting microalgae are distinct in the PCA plot, and different endocrine disrupters have varying chemical-specific influences on algal cells. This study confirmed that the toxicity of NP and OP to microalgae C. pyrenoidosa and S. obliquus is chemical- and species-specific. These findings should be considered when assessing the health risk of environmental pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenfeng Yang
- College of Resource and Environmental Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, PR China; School of Resource and Environmental Sciences, Hubei Biomass-Resource Chemistry and Environmental Biotechnology Key Laboratory, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430079, PR China
| | - Xinxin Gao
- College of Resource and Environmental Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, PR China
| | - Yixiao Wu
- College of Resource and Environmental Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, PR China
| | - Liang Wan
- College of Resource and Environmental Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, PR China
| | - Chongyang Lu
- College of Resource and Environmental Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, PR China
| | - Jiayi Huang
- College of Resource and Environmental Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, PR China
| | - Houjiang Chen
- College of Resource and Environmental Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, PR China
| | - Yuezhi Yang
- College of Resource and Environmental Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, PR China
| | - Huijun Ding
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environment of Poyang Lake, Jiangxi Institute of Water Sciences, Nanchang, 330029, PR China
| | - Weihao Zhang
- College of Resource and Environmental Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, PR China; School of Resource and Environmental Sciences, Hubei Biomass-Resource Chemistry and Environmental Biotechnology Key Laboratory, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430079, PR China.
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6
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Qing C, Zhang H, Chen A, Lin Y, Shao J. Effects and possible mechanisms of sanguinarine on the competition between Raphidiopsis raciborskii (Cyanophyta) and Scenedesmus obliquus (Chlorophyta): A comparative toxicological study. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2020; 206:111192. [PMID: 32858326 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The phytogenic algicide sanguinarine shows strong inhibitory effects on some bloom-forming cyanobacteria and exhibits great potential in cyanobacterial bloom mitigation. To evaluate the possible ecological effects of sanguinarine on microalgae, the effects and possible mechanisms of sanguinarine on the competition between bloom-forming cyanobacterium Raphidiopsis raciborskii (formerly named Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii) and green alga Scenedesmus obliquus were investigated through co-culture competition test and comparative toxicological study including growth characteristics, chlorophyll fluorescence transients, activities of antioxidant enzymes, and lipid peroxidation. The results of Raphidiopsis-Scenedesmus co-culture competition test showed that sanguinarine decreased the competition ability of R. raciborskii, which benefitted S. obliquus in winning the competition. Toxicological studies have shown that sanguinarine exhibited high inhibitory effects on the growth and photosynthesis of R. raciborskii but no obvious toxicity on S. obliquus at concentrations of no more than 80 μg L-1. Oxidative damage partially contributed but was not the primary mechanism for the toxicity of sanguinarine on R. raciborskii. The results presented in this study indicate that sanguinarine may be a good algicidal candidate in mitigation of Raphidiopsis-based water bloom.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Qing
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, PR China
| | - Huiling Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Hunan Chemical Vocational Technology College, Zhuzhou, 412000, PR China
| | - Anwei Chen
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, PR China
| | - Yiqing Lin
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, PR China
| | - Jihai Shao
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, PR China.
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7
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Elloumi W, Jebali A, Maalej A, Chamkha M, Sayadi S. Effect of Mild Salinity Stress on the Growth, Fatty Acid and Carotenoid Compositions, and Biological Activities of the Thermal Freshwater Microalgae Scenedesmus sp. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10111515. [PMID: 33171918 PMCID: PMC7694606 DOI: 10.3390/biom10111515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Carotenoids have strong antioxidant activity as well as therapeutic value. Their production has been induced in algae under stressful culture conditions. However, the extreme culture conditions lead to the Programmed Cell Death (PCD) of algae, which affects their growth and productivity. This study was performed to evaluate the effect of salinity on the physiological and biochemical traits of Scenedesmus sp., thermal freshwater microalgae from Northern Tunisia. It was cultured under different NaCl concentrations ranging from 0 to 60 g/L. Results showed a good growth and high contents of total chlorophyll and carotenoids in Scenedesmus sp. cultured at 10 g/L of NaCl (salt-stressed 10 (Ss10)). The pigment composition of the Ss10 extract was acquired using HPLC–MS, and showed that the carotenoid fraction is particularly rich in xanthophylls. Moreover, the antioxidant (DPPH and FRAP) and enzymatic inhibition (tyrosinase and elastase) activities of the Ss10 extract were higher compared to those of the control culture. In addition, the cytotoxicity test on B16 cells showed that the Ss10 extract was non-toxic for all tested concentrations below 100 µg/mL. It also showed a rich unsaturated fatty acid (FA) composition. Therefore, these findings suggest that Scenedesmus sp. strain cultivated under mild stress salinity could be a source of biomolecules that have potential applications in the nutraceutical and cosmeceutical industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wiem Elloumi
- Laboratory of Environmental Bioprocesses, Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax, P.O. Box 1177, 3018 Sfax, Tunisia; (W.E.); (A.J.); (A.M.); (M.C.)
| | - Ahlem Jebali
- Laboratory of Environmental Bioprocesses, Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax, P.O. Box 1177, 3018 Sfax, Tunisia; (W.E.); (A.J.); (A.M.); (M.C.)
| | - Amina Maalej
- Laboratory of Environmental Bioprocesses, Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax, P.O. Box 1177, 3018 Sfax, Tunisia; (W.E.); (A.J.); (A.M.); (M.C.)
| | - Mohamed Chamkha
- Laboratory of Environmental Bioprocesses, Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax, P.O. Box 1177, 3018 Sfax, Tunisia; (W.E.); (A.J.); (A.M.); (M.C.)
| | - Sami Sayadi
- Center for Sustainable Development, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar
- Correspondence:
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8
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Gawel A, Seiwert B, Sühnholz S, Schmitt-Jansen M, Mackenzie K. In-situ treatment of herbicide-contaminated groundwater-Feasibility study for the cases atrazine and bromacil using two novel nanoremediation-type materials. J Hazard Mater 2020; 393:122470. [PMID: 32208331 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.122470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Two injectable reactive and sorption-active particle types were evaluated for their applicability in permeable reaction zones for in-situ removal of herbicides ("nanoremediation"). As model substances, atrazine and bromacil were used, two herbicides frequently occurring in groundwater. In order to provide recommendations for best use, particle performance was assessed regarding herbicide degradation and detoxification. For chemical reduction, Carbo-Iron® was studied, a composite material consisting of zerovalent iron and colloidal activated carbon. Carbo-Iron reduced bromacil with increased activity compared to nanoscale zerovalent iron (nZVI). The sole reaction product, 3-sec-butyl-6-methyluracil, showed 500-fold increase in half-maximal-effect concentration (EC50) towards the chlorophyte Scendesmus vacuolatus compared to the parent compound. The detoxification based on dehalogenation confirmed the dependency of the specific mode-of-action on the carbon-halide bond. For atrazine, neither nZVI nor Carbo-Iron showed significant degradation under the conditions applied. As novel subsurface treatment option, Trap-Ox® zeolite FeBEA35 was studied for generation of in-situ permeable oxidation barriers. Both adsorbed atrazine and bromacil underwent fast unselective oxidation. The transformation products of the Fenton-like reaction were identified, and oxidation pathways derived. For atrazine, a 300-fold increase in EC50 for S. vacuolatus was found over the duration of the reaction, and a loss of phytotoxicity to non-detectable levels for bromacil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alina Gawel
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Department of Environmental Engineering, Permoserstr. 15, D-04318, Leipzig, Germany; Intrapore GmbH, Katernberger Str. 107, D-45327, Essen, Germany.
| | - Bettina Seiwert
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Permoserstr. 15, D-04318, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sarah Sühnholz
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Department of Environmental Engineering, Permoserstr. 15, D-04318, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Mechthild Schmitt-Jansen
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Department of Bioanalytical Ecotoxicology, Permoserstr. 15, D-04318, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Katrin Mackenzie
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Department of Environmental Engineering, Permoserstr. 15, D-04318, Leipzig, Germany
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9
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Huang W, Liu D, Huang W, Cai W, Zhang Z, Lei Z. Achieving partial nitrification and high lipid production in an algal-bacterial granule system when treating low COD/NH 4-N wastewater. Chemosphere 2020; 248:126106. [PMID: 32041075 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Revised: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Partial nitrification-Anammox process is an efficient and energy-saving method for nitrogen removal from low C/N wastewaters. In this study, partial nitrification was achieved in an algal-bacterial granular sludge system when treating low COD/NH4-N (309.4 mg L-1/213.6 mg L-1) wastewater under sunlight irradiation (RS). Sunlight irradiation, algae growth and free nitrous acid (FNA) decreased the activity of ammonia oxidizing bacteria (AOB) by 25.7% and completely inhibited the activity of nitrite oxidizing bacteria (NOB), resulting in a NH4-N removal efficiency of ≥99% and a nitrite accumulation efficiency of 96.5% in Rs. Compared with the control without sunlight irradiation (RC), the algal-bacterial granules in RS produced 34.7% and 13.1% more proteins and polysaccharides, respectively, and exhibited a higher structure stability. The lipid content in the algal-bacterial granules was 68.7 mg g-SS-1, which was about 2.1 times higher than that in the granules from RC, making the algal-bacterial granule a value-added biomass. Meanwhile, the content of unsaturated fatty acid methyl esters increased remarkably due to the growth of algae (Stigeoclonium, Scenedesmus and Navicula). The combined stress of sunlight irradiation, algae growth and high FNA in RS only slightly lowered the relative abundance of Nitrosomonadaceae (AOB family) from 7.5% to 5.8%, while Nitrospiraceae (NOB family) was severely inhibited and became undetectable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenli Huang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Technology for Complex Trans-Media Pollution, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, No. 94, Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Dongfang Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Technology for Complex Trans-Media Pollution, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, No. 94, Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Weiwei Huang
- College of Ecology and Environment, Hainan University, No. 58. Renmin Road, Meilan District, Haikou, 570228, China.
| | - Wei Cai
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-Resources, Faculty of Resources and Environmental Science, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Zhenya Zhang
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8572, Japan
| | - Zhongfang Lei
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8572, Japan
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10
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Gatamaneni Loganathan B, Orsat V, Lefsrud M, Wu BS. A comprehensive study on the effect of light quality imparted by light-emitting diodes (LEDs) on the physiological and biochemical properties of the microalgal consortia of Chlorella variabilis and Scenedesmus obliquus cultivated in dairy wastewater. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2020; 43:1445-1455. [PMID: 32270294 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-020-02338-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The effect of light wavelengths on the physiological, biochemical and lutein content of the microalgal consortia Chlorella variabilis and Scenedesmus obliquus was evaluated using different light sources. Among different light treatments, cool-white fluorescent light produced the highest biomass of 673 mg L-1 with a specific growth rate of 0.75 day-1 followed by blue (500 mg L-1; 0.73 day-1). The chlorophyll content was enhanced under blue light (10.7 mg L-1) followed by cool fluorescent light (9.3 mg L-1), whereas the lutein productivity was enhanced under cool fluorescent light (7.22 mg g-1). Protein content of the microalgal consortia was enhanced under all light treatments with the highest protein accumulation under cool-white fluorescent light (~56% of dry mass) closely followed by amber light (52% of dry mass), whereas the carbohydrate content was higher under amber light (~35% of dry mass). The results revealed that the consortia could grow well on diluted dairy wastewater thereby reducing the cost of algal production when compared with the use of inorganic media and a two-phase culture process utilizing cool fluorescent and amber light could be employed for maximizing algal biomass and nutrient composition with enhanced lutein production. The study also emphasizes on the economic efficiency of LED lights in terms of biomass produced based on the modest electricity consumed and the importance of using amber light for cultivating microalgae for its nutrient content which has seldom been studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhalamurugan Gatamaneni Loganathan
- Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Department of Bioresource Engineering, 21111 Rue Lakeshore, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC, H9X3V9, Canada.
| | - Valerie Orsat
- Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Department of Bioresource Engineering, 21111 Rue Lakeshore, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC, H9X3V9, Canada
| | - Mark Lefsrud
- Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Department of Bioresource Engineering, 21111 Rue Lakeshore, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC, H9X3V9, Canada
| | - Bo Sen Wu
- Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Department of Bioresource Engineering, 21111 Rue Lakeshore, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC, H9X3V9, Canada
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11
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Wang XX, Wang WL, Dao GH, Xu ZB, Zhang TY, Wu YH, Hu HY. Mechanism and kinetics of methylisothiazolinone removal by cultivation of Scenedesmus sp. LX1. J Hazard Mater 2020; 386:121959. [PMID: 31884360 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.121959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Revised: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Methylisothiazolinone (MIT) is a widely used non-oxidizing biocide for membrane biofouling control in reverse osmosis (RO) systems usually with high dosages. However, few investigations have focused on MIT removal through bio-processes, since it is highly bio-toxic. This study proposed a novel biotreatment approach for efficient MIT degradation by Scenedesmus sp. LX1, a microalga with strong resistance capability against extreme MIT toxicity. Results showed that MIT (3 mg/L) could be completely removed within 4 days' cultivation with a half-life of only 0.79 d. Biodegradation was the primary removal mechanism and this metabolic process did not rely on bacterial consortia, soluble algal products secretion or algal growth. The main pathway was proposed as ring cleavage followed by methylation and carboxylation through the identification of MIT transformation products. MIT biodegradation followed the pseudo-first-order kinetics under growth control. A new kinetic model was presented to depict the MIT removal considering algal growth, and this model could be used for generally describing non-nutritive contaminants biodegradation. The algal biodegradation capability was independent of the initial biocide concentration, and MIT removal could be enhanced by increasing the initial algal density. Our results highlight the potential application of algal cultivation for MIT-containing wastewater biotreatment, such as RO concentrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Xiong Wang
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520-8286, United States
| | - Wen-Long Wang
- Research Institute for Environmental Innovation, Tsinghua University, Suzhou 215163, China
| | - Guo-Hua Dao
- Research Institute for Environmental Innovation, Tsinghua University, Suzhou 215163, China
| | - Zi-Bin Xu
- Research Institute for Environmental Innovation, Tsinghua University, Suzhou 215163, China
| | - Tian-Yuan Zhang
- Research Institute for Environmental Innovation, Tsinghua University, Suzhou 215163, China
| | - Yin-Hu Wu
- Research Institute for Environmental Innovation, Tsinghua University, Suzhou 215163, China
| | - Hong-Ying Hu
- Research Institute for Environmental Innovation, Tsinghua University, Suzhou 215163, China; Shenzhen Environmental Science and New Energy Technology Engineering Laboratory, Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
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12
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Ding T, Li W, Cai M, Jia X, Yang M, Yang B, Li J. Algal toxicity, accumulation and metabolic pathways of galaxolide. J Hazard Mater 2020; 384:121360. [PMID: 31648896 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.121360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Revised: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/28/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Galaxolide (HHCB) is known to be persistent during wastewater treatment and has raised increasing concern due to its high detection frequency in the environment and potentially negative effects. However, little information is available on the degradation of HHCB by algae, the degradation mechanisms and the toxicity of HHCB on algae. In the present study, HHCB was found to be toxic to Navicula sp. and Scenedesmus quadricauda, with a 3 d EC50 of 0.050 and 0.336 mg L-1, respectively. Both microalgae showed high removal efficiency (72.9-100%) for HHCB. S. quadricauda showed a more satisfactory effect in the bioremediation of HHCB than Navicula sp. A total of four metabolites were found in the biotransformation processes of HHCB, and its possible metabolic pathways were proposed. Hydroxylation, methoxylation, methylation, ketonization, demethylation, and oxaloacetate conjunction contributed to the metabolism of HHCB in algal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tengda Ding
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Wen Li
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Miao Cai
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Xiaofan Jia
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Mengting Yang
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Bo Yang
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Juying Li
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China.
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13
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Covell L, Machado M, Vaz MGMV, Soares J, Batista AD, Araújo WL, Martins MA, Nunes-Nesi A. Alternative fertilizer-based growth media support high lipid contents without growth impairment in Scenedesmus obliquus BR003. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2020; 43:1123-1131. [PMID: 32020445 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-020-02301-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Nitrogen (N) sources have been target in microalgae cultivation studies, considering their nutritional impact on growth and high costs. Here, we have evaluated the growth of Scenedesmus obliquus BR003, applying alternative low-cost culture media containing ammonium and urea, or combinations of both N sources. The culture media were applied for indoor and outdoor cultivation, followed by growth analyses and metabolic characterization. The alternative culture media B4 and L4 supported higher biomass production (1.4 g L-1) compared to BG11 (nitrate-based medium). In addition, the lipid percentage was higher for B4 (ammonium-based culture medium), reaching up to 25% DW. High contents of carbohydrates (60%) and proteins (40%) were also obtained in media with ammonium and urea, respectively. Considering the lower costs of alternative fertilizer-based media, using ammonium and/or urea as N sources, and the high lipid content observed, we suggest these media as viable for large-scale production of S. obliquus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidiane Covell
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Mariana Machado
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, 36570-900, Brazil
| | | | - Jimmy Soares
- Departamento de Engenharia Agrícola, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Aline Duarte Batista
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Wagner L Araújo
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Marcio Arêdes Martins
- Departamento de Engenharia Agrícola, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Adriano Nunes-Nesi
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, 36570-900, Brazil.
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14
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Khalekuzzaman M, Alamgir M, Islam MB, Hasan M. A simplistic approach of algal biofuels production from wastewater using a Hybrid Anaerobic Baffled Reactor and Photobioreactor (HABR-PBR) System. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0225458. [PMID: 31805078 PMCID: PMC6894839 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0225458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The current technologies of algal biofuels production and wastewater treatment (e.g., aerobic) process are still in question, due to the significant amount of fresh water and nutrients requirements for microalgae cultivation, and negative energy balance in both processes, especially when considered in the context of developing counties around the world. In this research, a simplistic sustainable approach of algal biofuels production from wastewater was proposed using a Hybrid Anaerobic Baffled Reactor (HABR) and Photobioreactor (PBR) system. The study suggests that the HABR was capable of removing most of the organic and solid (>90% COD and TSS removal) from wastewater, and produced a healthy feedstock (high N: P = 3:1) for microalgae cultivation in PBRs for biofuels production. A co-culture of Chlorella vulgaris, Chlorella sorokiniana, and Scenedesmus simris002 showed high lipid content up to 44.1%; and the dominant FAMEs composition (C16-C18) of 87.9% in produced biofuels. Perhaps, this proposed low-cost technological approach (e.g., HABR-PBR system) would connect the currently broken link of sustainable bioenergy generation and wastewater treatment pathway for developing countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Khalekuzzaman
- Department of Civil Engineering, Khulna University of Engineering & Technology (KUET), Khulna, Bangladesh
- * E-mail:
| | - Muhammed Alamgir
- Department of Civil Engineering, Khulna University of Engineering & Technology (KUET), Khulna, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Bashirul Islam
- Department of Civil Engineering, Khulna University of Engineering & Technology (KUET), Khulna, Bangladesh
| | - Mehedi Hasan
- Department of Civil Engineering, Khulna University of Engineering & Technology (KUET), Khulna, Bangladesh
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15
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Krichen E, Rapaport A, Le Floc'h E, Fouilland E. Demonstration of facilitation between microalgae to face environmental stress. Sci Rep 2019; 9:16076. [PMID: 31690754 PMCID: PMC6831635 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-52450-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Positive interactions such as facilitation play an important role during the biological colonization and species succession in harsh or changing environments. However, the direct evidence of such ecological interaction in microbial communities remains rare. Using common freshwater microalgae isolated from a High Rate Algal Pond HRAP treating wastewaters, we investigated with both experimental and modeling approaches the direct facilitation between two algal strains during the colonization phase. Our results demonstrate that the first colonization by microalgae under a severe chemical condition arose from the rapid growth of pioneer species such as Chlorella sorokiniana, which facilitated the subsequent colonization of low growth specialists such as Scenedesmus pectinatus. The pioneer species rapidly depleted the total available ammonia nitrogen favoring the specialist species initially inhibited by free ammonia toxicity. This latter species ultimately dominated the algal community through competitive exclusion under low nutrient conditions. We show that microbial successions are not only regulated by climatic conditions but also by interactions between species based on the ability to modify their growth conditions. We suggest that facilitation within the aquatic microbial communities is a widespread ecological interaction under a vast range of environmental stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emna Krichen
- MARBEC, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, IFREMER, IRD, Sète, France
- MISTEA, Univ. Montpellier, INRA, SupAgro, Montpellier, France
- ADEME, Agence de l'environnement et de la Maîtrise de l'Energie, 20 avenue du Grésillé, BP 90406, 49004, Angers, Cedex 01, France
| | - Alain Rapaport
- MISTEA, Univ. Montpellier, INRA, SupAgro, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Eric Fouilland
- MARBEC, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, IFREMER, IRD, Sète, France.
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16
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Sardella A, Marieschi M, Mercatali I, Zanni C, Gorbi G, Torelli A. The relationship between sulfur metabolism and tolerance of hexavalent chromium in Scenedesmus acutus (Spheropleales): Role of ATP sulfurylase. Aquat Toxicol 2019; 216:105320. [PMID: 31590132 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2019.105320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Revised: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Sulfur availability and the end products of its metabolism, cysteine, glutathione and phytochelatins, play an important role in heavy metal tolerance, chromium included. Sulfate and chromate not only compete for the transporters but also for assimilation enzymes and chromium tolerance in various organisms has been associated to differences in this pathway. We investigated the mechanisms of Cr(VI)-tolerance increase induced by S-starvation focusing on the role of ATP sulfurylase (ATS) in two strains of Scenedesmus acutus with different chromium sensitivity. S-starvation enhances the defence potential by increasing sulfate uptake/assimilation and decreasing chromium uptake, thus suggesting a change in the transport system. We isolated two isoforms of the enzyme, SaATS1 and SaATS2, with different sensitivity to sulfur availability, and analysed them in S-sufficient and S-replete condition both in standard and in chromium supplemented medium. SaATS2 expression is different in the two strains and presumably marks a different sulfur perception/exploitation in the Cr-tolerant. Its induction and silencing are compatible with a role in the transient tolerance increase induced by S-starvation. This enzyme can however hardly be responsible for the large cysteine production of the Cr-tolerant strain after starvation, suggesting that cytosolic rather than chloroplastic cysteine production is differently regulated in the two strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Sardella
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Viale delle Scienze 11A I-43124, Parma, Italy.
| | - Matteo Marieschi
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Viale delle Scienze 11A I-43124, Parma, Italy.
| | - Isabel Mercatali
- ISPRA - Italian National Institute for Environmental Protection and Research, Via di Castel Romano 100-00128, Rome, Italy.
| | - Corrado Zanni
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Viale delle Scienze 11A I-43124, Parma, Italy.
| | - Gessica Gorbi
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Viale delle Scienze 11A I-43124, Parma, Italy.
| | - Anna Torelli
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Viale delle Scienze 11A I-43124, Parma, Italy.
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17
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Alam MM, Mumtaz AS, Hallenbeck PC, Shah SA, Abidin SZU, Inam F. Morphological characterization, growth appraisal, and probing biofuels potential of newly isolated Scenedesmus sp. from desert Cholistan. Microsc Res Tech 2019; 82:2079-2088. [PMID: 31587425 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.23380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Revised: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Microalgae have an excellent potential for producing valuable natural products, including biofuels. Therefore, it is imperative to explore and document the existing microalgal flora and utilize their potentials to cope the increasing human needs. The present work aims at exploring and characterizing newly isolated microalgae from desert Cholistan, a habitat with myriad algal diversity. Light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and molecular phylogenetic approaches were used for species-level identification. Characterization and growth optimization of Scendesmus sp. were analyzed under three different growth modes to determine the most favorable conditions for increasing biomass, growth rate, and lipid content. The results revealed that mixotrophic (MT) mode significantly increases photosynthetic activity, growth rate, and lipid content with glycerol as supplement carbon source. The investigated Scenedesmus dimorphous produced a maximum dry weight of 1.73 g L-1 , improved fatty acid methyl esters profile and yield lipid up to 40% of DCW (68 g L-1 ) under MT mode, which is almost double to that of photoautotrophic cultivation. The glycerol availability in medium has been identified as the critical element for boosting growth and lipid content. Thus, it can reduce the cost of biofuel production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Maqsood Alam
- Departement de microbiologie et immunologie, Universite de Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Samad Mumtaz
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Patrick C Hallenbeck
- Departement de microbiologie et immunologie, Universite de Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Sayed Afzal Shah
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Shiekh Zain Ul Abidin
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan, Pakistan
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, Mississippi
| | - Farooq Inam
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
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18
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Cunha C, Paulo J, Faria M, Kaufmann M, Cordeiro N. Ecotoxicological and biochemical effects of environmental concentrations of the plastic-bond pollutant dibutyl phthalate on Scenedesmus sp. Aquat Toxicol 2019; 215:105281. [PMID: 31446302 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2019.105281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2019] [Revised: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/18/2019] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Phthalate esters are highly present in aquatic plastic litter, which can interfere with the biological processes in the wildlife. In this work, the commonly found freshwater microalga Scenedesmus sp. was exposed to environmental concentrations (0.02, 1 and 100 μg L-1) and to a higher concentration (500 μg L-1) of dibutyl phthalate (DBP), which is an environmental pollutant. The growth, pH variation, production of photosynthetic pigments, proteins and carbohydrates were evaluated. The main inhibition effect of DBP on the microalgal growth was observed in the first 48 h of the exposure (EC50: 41.88 μg L-1). A reduction in the photosynthetic pigment concentration was observed for the 0.02, 1 and 100 μg L-1 conditions indicating that the DBP downregulated the growth rate and affected the photosynthetic process. A significant increase in protein production was only observed under 500 μg L-1 DBP exposure. The extracellular carbohydrates production slightly decreased with the presence of DBP, with a stronger decrease occurring in the 500 μg L-1 condition. These results highlight the environmental risk evaluation and ecotoxicological effects of DBP on the production of biovaluable compounds by microalgae. The results also emphasize the importance of assessing the consequences of the environmental concentrations exposure as a result of the DBP dose-dependent correlation effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- César Cunha
- LB3 - Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Madeira, 9000-390 Funchal, Portugal
| | - Jorge Paulo
- LB3 - Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Madeira, 9000-390 Funchal, Portugal
| | - Marisa Faria
- LB3 - Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Madeira, 9000-390 Funchal, Portugal; Oceanic Observatory of Madeira (OOM), ARDITI, Madeira Tecnopolo, 9020-105 Funchal, Portugal
| | - Manfred Kaufmann
- Marine Biology Station of Funchal, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Madeira, 9000-107 Funchal, Portugal; CIIMAR - Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, 4450- 208 Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Nereida Cordeiro
- LB3 - Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Madeira, 9000-390 Funchal, Portugal; CIIMAR - Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, 4450- 208 Matosinhos, Portugal.
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19
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Fan H, Jin M, Wang H, Xu Q, Xu L, Wang C, Du S, Liu H. Effect of differently methyl-substituted ionic liquids on Scenedesmus obliquus growth, photosynthesis, respiration, and ultrastructure. Environ Pollut 2019; 250:155-165. [PMID: 30995569 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Revised: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Concerns have been raised regarding the ecotoxicity of ionic liquids (ILs) owing to their wide usage in numerous fields. Three imidazolium chloride ILs with different numbers of methyl substituents, 1-decyl-imidazolium chloride ([C10IM]Cl), 1-decyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([C10MIM]Cl), and 1-decyl-2,3-dimethylimidazolium chloride ([C10DMIM]Cl), were examined to assess their effects on growth, photosynthesis pigments content, chlorophyll fluorescence, photosynthetic and respiration rate, and cellular ultrastructure of Scenedesmus obliquus. The results showed that algal growth was significantly inhibited by ILs treatments. The observed IC50,48h doses were 0.10 mg/L [C10IM]Cl, 0.01 mg/L [C10MIM]Cl, and 0.02 mg/L [C10DMIM]Cl. The chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and total chlorophyll content declined, and the chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, minimal fluorescence yield (F0), maximal fluorescence yield (Fm), maximum quantum yield of PSII photochemistry (Fv/Fm), effective quantum yield of PSII [Y(II)], non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) and non-photosynthetic losses yield [Y(NO)] were notably affected by ILs in a dose-dependent manner. ILs affected the primary photosynthetic reaction, impaired heat dissipation capability, and diminished photosynthetic efficiency, indicating negative effects on photosystem II. The photosynthetic and respiration rates of algal cells were also reduced due to the ILs treatments. The adverse effects of ILs on plasmolysis and chloroplast deformation were examined using ultrastructural analyses; chloroplast swelling and lamellar structure almost disappeared after the [C10MIM]Cl treatment, and an increased number of starch grains and vacuoles was observed after all ILs treatments. The results indicated that one-methyl-substituted ILs were more toxic than non-methyl-substituted ILs, which were also more toxic than di-methyl-substituted ILs. The toxicity of the examined ILs showed the following order: [C10IM]Cl < [C10DMIM]Cl ≤ [C10MIM]Cl.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiyang Fan
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310018, China
| | - Mingkang Jin
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310018, China
| | - Huan Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310018, China
| | - Qianru Xu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310018, China
| | - Lei Xu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310018, China
| | - Chenxuanzi Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310018, China
| | - Shaoting Du
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310018, China
| | - Huijun Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310018, China.
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20
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Qu Z, Duan P, Cao X, Liu M, Lin L, Li M. Comparison of monoculture and mixed culture (Scenedesmus obliquus and wild algae) for C, N, and P removal and lipid production. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2019; 26:20961-20968. [PMID: 31115809 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-05339-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
This study compared the efficiency of nutrient removal and lipid accumulation by a monoculture of Scenedesmus obliquus and mixed cultures of microalgae. The highest removal efficiencies of ammonium (99.2%), phosphate (91.2%), and total organic carbon (83.6%) occurred in the monoculture. All the mixed cultures were dominated by S. quadricauda; in some mixed cultures, the proportions of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii and C. microsphaera reached > 20%. The lipid content and lipid production in the monoculture were 15.9% and 52.3 mg kg-1, respectively, significantly higher than those in all the mixed cultures of microalgae. In all the mixed cultures, the proportion of palmitic acid was > 50%. The results suggest that the monoculture had advantages over the mixed culture of microalgae in terms of nutrient removal and lipid production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Eco-hydraulics in Northwest Arid Region, Xi'an University of Technology, No. 5 Jinhuananlu, Xi'an, 710048, People's Republic of China
| | - Pengfei Duan
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Water Security for Water Source Region of Mid-line of South-to-North Diversion Project of Henan Province, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang, 473061, People's Republic of China
| | - Xubing Cao
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Manli Liu
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Lin
- Department of Water Environment Research, Changjiang River Scientific Research Institute, Wuhan, 430010, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Li
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Water Security for Water Source Region of Mid-line of South-to-North Diversion Project of Henan Province, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang, 473061, People's Republic of China.
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, People's Republic of China.
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21
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Gupta N, Khare P, Singh DP. Nitrogen-dependent metabolic regulation of lipid production in microalga Scenedesmus vacuolatus. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2019; 174:706-713. [PMID: 30878807 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.03.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Revised: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Microalga Scenedesmus vacuolatus exhibited maximum growth, protein and carbohydrate contents at 10.0 mM concentration of nitrate, 1.0 mM of glutamate nitrogen and at C/N ratio (12 mM acetate+10 mM nitrate). However, these cell constituents showed the highest values in the C+N grown cells, but the lipid content was found to be the highest glutamate grown cells. FTIR analysis of Lipid/Carbohydrate and Lipid/Protein ratio and flow cytometric analysis of neutral lipids revealed higher lipid content in the glutamate grown cells than in the nitrogen starved, nitrate and C+N grown cells. The nitrate reductase activity was the highest in the C+ N grown cells and the lowest activity was found in the glutamate grown cells. A corollary of these results suggested that suppression of nitrogen assimilatory system, whether by glutamate or by nitrogen deprivation, was the most suitable physiological condition for enhanced lipid synthesis and biofuel production in microalgal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Gupta
- Department of Environmental Science, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow 226025, UP, India
| | - Puneet Khare
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Vishvigyan Bhavan, 31, MG Marg, Lucknow 226001, UP, India
| | - D P Singh
- Department of Environmental Science, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow 226025, UP, India; CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Vishvigyan Bhavan, 31, MG Marg, Lucknow 226001, UP, India.
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22
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Fawaz EG, Kamareddine LA, Salam DA. Effect of algal surface area and species interactions in toxicity testing bioassays. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2019; 174:584-591. [PMID: 30870659 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.03.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Revised: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Single and multispecies algal bioassays were assessed using copper toxicity with three green algae (Scenedesmus subspicatus, Scenedesmus quadricauda and Ankistrodesmus angustus) and one blue-green algae species (Oscillatoria prolifera). Single and multispecies toxicity tests were conducted based on cell density as per standard toxicity testing, and on equivalent surface area. A higher copper sulfate toxicity was registered for O. prolifera, followed by S. subspicatus, S. quadricauda, and A. angustus in single-species toxicity tests based on cell density. Single species toxicity tests based on surface area showed increased copper toxicity with increasing algal surface area except for A. angustus. In multispecies control bioassays, the growth of A. angustus was inhibited in the presence of other species in surface area-based tests. As compared to single species bioassays, O. prolifera, and S. quadricauda showed a decreased sensitivity to copper sulfate in both cell density and surface area based multispecies tests. However, for the algae species with the smallest surface area, S. subspicatus, 96h-EC50 value decreased in multispecies bioassays based on surface area as compared to the single species test, while it increased in multispecies bioassays based on cell density. The difference in S. subspicatus sensitivity to copper between tests based on cell density and surface area supports the need to adopt multispecies toxicity testing based on surface area to avoid the confounding effect on copper toxicity of increased biomass for metal binding. 96h-EC50 values for all species combined in the multispecies test based on cell density and on surface area were significantly different from 96h-EC50 values obtained in single species bioassays. These results demonstrate that single-species bioassays may over- or underestimate metal toxicity in natural waters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elyssa G Fawaz
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, American University of Beirut, Beirut 11-0236, Lebanon
| | - Lina A Kamareddine
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, American University of Beirut, Beirut 11-0236, Lebanon
| | - Darine A Salam
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, American University of Beirut, Beirut 11-0236, Lebanon.
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23
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Czarny K, Szczukocki D, Krawczyk B, Skrzypek S, Zieliński M, Gadzała-Kopciuch R. Toxic effects of single animal hormones and their mixtures on the growth of Chlorella vulgaris and Scenedesmus armatus. Chemosphere 2019; 224:93-102. [PMID: 30818199 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.02.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Revised: 02/10/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In their environments, aquatic organisms are simultaneously exposed to mixtures of several endocrine disrupting compounds, including hormones. However, most of the toxicity studies so far focused on effects of single contaminants. The available information on the potential toxicity of combined hormones on microalgae is extremely limited. For these reasons the aim of this study was to evaluate the individual and mixture effect of estrone (E1), ß-estradiol (E2), estriol (E3), 17-α-ethinylestradiol (EE2), progesterone (PRO), 5-pregnen-3β-ol-20-one (PRE), levonorgestrel (LG) and testosterone (TST) on Chlorella vulgaris and Scenedesmus armatus. Green algae cells were exposed to different concentrations (0.1-100 mg L-1) of hormones for 14 days. Biomass in the form of dry weight and chlorophyll a was examined. The decreasing order of toxicity (based on EC50, 14d) to Chlorella vulgaris and Scenedesmus armatus was: EE2>PRO > E2>PRE > TST > E3>LG > E1 and EE2>PRO > TST > E2>PRE > LG > E1>E3, respectively. Chlorella vulgaris was more sensitive to the effects of hormones than Scenedesmus armatus. Although mixed hormones were more toxic to green algae than single hormones, in the ecosystem mixtures can pose higher ecological risk than single pollutants. Therefore, data on the toxicology of both single and mixed hormones is very valuable for assessment of the possibility of adverse ecological effects caused by these pollutants. Furthermore, these results suggest that environmental exposure to hormone mixtures may cause toxicity levels different to the sum of those of the single hormones and provides a basic understanding of their toxic effect on algae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Czarny
- Laboratory of Environmental Threat, Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Lodz, Tamka 12 Street, 91-403, Lodz, Poland.
| | - Dominik Szczukocki
- Laboratory of Environmental Threat, Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Lodz, Tamka 12 Street, 91-403, Lodz, Poland
| | - Barbara Krawczyk
- Laboratory of Environmental Threat, Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Lodz, Tamka 12 Street, 91-403, Lodz, Poland
| | - Sławomira Skrzypek
- Laboratory of Environmental Threat, Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Lodz, Tamka 12 Street, 91-403, Lodz, Poland
| | - Marek Zieliński
- Laboratory of Environmental Threat, Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Lodz, Tamka 12 Street, 91-403, Lodz, Poland
| | - Renata Gadzała-Kopciuch
- Department of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Gagarina7 Street, 87-100, Torun, Poland
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24
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Xiong JQ, Kim SJ, Kurade MB, Govindwar S, Abou-Shanab RAI, Kim JR, Roh HS, Khan MA, Jeon BH. Combined effects of sulfamethazine and sulfamethoxazole on a freshwater microalga, Scenedesmus obliquus: toxicity, biodegradation, and metabolic fate. J Hazard Mater 2019; 370:138-146. [PMID: 30049519 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2018.07.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Revised: 07/04/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the environmental effects of two common emerging contaminants, sulfamethazine (SMZ) and sulfamethoxazole (SMX), and their mixture using a green microalga, Scenedesmus obliquus. The calculated EC50 values of SMZ, SMX, and their mixture (11:1 wt/wt) after 96 h were 1.23, 0.12, and 0.89 mg L-1, respectively. The toxicity of the mixture could be better predicted using a concentration addition model than an independent action model. The risk quotients of SMZ, SMX, and their mixture were >1 during the experiment, indicating their high potential risks on aquatic microorganisms. Despite their toxicity, S. obliquus exhibited 17.3% and 29.3% removal of 0.1 mg L-1 and 0.2 mg L-1 after 11 days of cultivation. The changes of SMZ and SMX removal were observed when combined, which showed a significantly improved removal of SMZ (up to 3.4 folds) with addition of SMX (0.2 mg L-1). The metabolic pathways of SMZ and SMX were proposed according to mass spectroscopic analysis, which showed six metabolites of SMX and seven intermediates of SMZ, formed as a result of ring cleavage, hydroxylation, methylation, nitrosation, and deamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiu-Qiang Xiong
- Department of Earth Resources and Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Joon Kim
- Department of Earth Resources and Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Mayur B Kurade
- Department of Earth Resources and Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Sanjay Govindwar
- Department of Earth Resources and Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Jung-Rae Kim
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan, 609-735, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Seog Roh
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Yonsei University, 1 Yonseidae-gil, Wonju, Gangwon, 26493, South Korea
| | - Moonis Ali Khan
- Chemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Byong-Hun Jeon
- Department of Earth Resources and Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea.
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25
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He Y, Hong Y, Liu X, Zhang Q, Liu P, Wang S. Influences of carbon and nitrogen sources and metal ions on the heterotrophic culture of Scenedesmus sp. LX1. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2019; 26:13381-13389. [PMID: 30905019 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-04807-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the influences of organic carbon sources (OCS, including xylose, glucose, maltose, sucrose, and starch) and inorganic and organic nitrogen sources (INS, including ammonia chloride and sodium nitrate; ONS, including arginine, alanine, proline, and valine) and metal ions (including Na+, K+, Mn2+, Zn2+ and Cu2+) on the growth, lipid accumulation, and nitrogen and phosphorus (N&P) removal capabilities of oleaginous Scenedesmus sp. LX1 under heterotrophic conditions were investigated. The results showed that glucose was the only OCS for Scenedesmus sp. LX1 to grow well with specific growth rate of 0.935 days-1, maximum biomass of 1.72 g L-1, and largest removal rates of N&P and organic carbon reaching 72.228%, 93.034%, and 19.208%, respectively. After 11 days of cultivation, the maximal biomass reached in the group with starch or glucose while maximal lipid and triacylglycerol (TAG) yields reached in the groups with maltose and sucrose, respectively. Sodium nitrate was best nitrogen source as the largest algal density, maximal yields of lipids and TAGs, and highest N&P removal rates reached up to 1.105 × 107 cells·mL-1, 196.70 mg L-1, 5.19 mg L-1, 89.61% and 100%, respectively. Scenedesmus sp. LX1 was found to have great tolerance to Na+, K+, Mn2+, and Zn2+ while 0.5 mg L-1 Cu2+ had a strong inhibition on growth and N&P removal rate of Scenedesmus sp. LX1. Concentration increasing of five metal ions all caused the yield increases of microalgal lipid and TAGs. Graphical abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yitian He
- Beijing Key Lab for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Yu Hong
- Beijing Key Lab for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China.
| | - Xiaoya Liu
- Beijing Key Lab for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Qing Zhang
- Beijing Key Lab for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Peirui Liu
- Beijing Key Lab for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Shaoyun Wang
- Beijing Key Lab for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
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26
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Yan K, Liu Y, Yang Q, Liu W, Guo R, Sui J, Yan Z, Chen J. Evaluation of the novel nanoparticle material - CdSe quantum dots on Chlorella pyrenoidosa and Scenedesmus obliquus: Concentration-time-dependent responses. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2019; 171:728-736. [PMID: 30658309 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Revised: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Quantum dots (QDs), as a kind of novel nanomaterial, have the extensive applications in various fields, inevitably leading to increasing risks for the ecological environment. The mobilization of cadmium including metal smelting and subsequent machining for multifarious applications has caused the release of cadmium element into the environment. In this study, we evaluated the potential toxicity of a novel nanoparticle material CdSe QDs, using two green algae Chlorella pyrenoidosa and Scenedesmus obliquus. The impact of CdSe QDs and cadmium ions on algae and the sensitivity of the two algae on target compounds were also considered and compared. Our results showed the algal growth rates and chlorophyll content decreased with increasing exposure concentrations and durations. Moreover, the glutathione levels were decreased while the activities of superoxide dismutase increased, exhibiting their pivotal functions in defeating toxic stress. The increment of malondialdehyde levels revealed that the stresses of CdSe QDs and cadmium ions were contributed to the occurrence of oxidative damage. Our study also indicated that the impact of CdSe QDs was stronger than that of cadmium nitrate and the algal response was also species-specific. In addition, the TEM photographs of the algal ultrastructure showed the presence of surface attachment and uptake of QDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Yan
- China Pharmaceutical University, Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (Ministry of Education), Nanjing 210009, China; Jiangsu Hengrui Medicine Co., Ltd., 7 Kunlunshan Road, Lianyungang Eco & Tech Development Zone, Lianyungang 222002, China
| | - Yanhua Liu
- China Pharmaceutical University, Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (Ministry of Education), Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Qiulian Yang
- China Pharmaceutical University, Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (Ministry of Education), Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Weixia Liu
- China Pharmaceutical University, Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (Ministry of Education), Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Ruixin Guo
- China Pharmaceutical University, Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (Ministry of Education), Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Jinhong Sui
- China Pharmaceutical University, Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (Ministry of Education), Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Zhengyu Yan
- China Pharmaceutical University, Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (Ministry of Education), Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Jianqiu Chen
- China Pharmaceutical University, Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (Ministry of Education), Nanjing 210009, China.
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27
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Gojkovic Z, Lindberg RH, Tysklind M, Funk C. Northern green algae have the capacity to remove active pharmaceutical ingredients. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2019; 170:644-656. [PMID: 30579165 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.12.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Revised: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Eight recently isolated microalgal species from Northern Sweden and the culture collection strain Scenedesmus obliquus RISE (UTEX 417) were tested for their ability to remove 19 pharmaceuticals from growth medium upon cultivation in short light path, flat panel photobioreactors. While the growth of one algal species, Chlorella sorokiniana B1-1, was completely inhibited by the addition of pharmaceuticals, and the one of Scenedesmus sp. B2-2 was strongly inhibited, the other algal strains grew well and produced biomass. In general, lipophilic compounds were removed highly efficient from the culture medium by the microalgae (>70% in average within 2 days). The most lipophilic compounds Biperiden, Trihexyphenidyl, Clomipramine and Amitriptyline significantly accumulated in the biomass of most algal species, with a positive correlation between accumulation and their total biomass content. More persistent in the growth medium were hydrophilic compounds like Caffeine, Fluconazole, Trimetoprim, Codeine, Carbamazepin, Oxazepam and Tramadol, which were detected in amounts of above 60% in average after algal treatment. While Coelastrella sp. 3-4 and Coelastrum astroideum RW10 were most efficient to accumulate certain compounds in their biomass, two algae species, Chlorella vulgaris 13-1 and Chlorella saccharophila RNY, were not only highly efficient in removing all 19 pharmaceuticals from the growth medium within 12 days, at the same time only small amounts of these compounds accumulated in their biomass allowing its further use. Chlorella vulgaris 13-1 was able to remove most compounds within 6 days of growth, while Chlorella saccharophila RNY needed 8-10 days."Wild" Nordic microalgae therefore are able to remove active pharmaceutical ingredients, equally or more efficient than the investigated culture collection strain, thereby demonstrating their possible use in sustainable wastewater reclamation in Nordic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zivan Gojkovic
- Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, S-90187 Umeå, Sweden
| | | | - Mats Tysklind
- Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, S-90187 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Christiane Funk
- Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, S-90187 Umeå, Sweden.
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28
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Ye J, Sha J, Liu Q, Zhang X, Hu Q, Chen Y. Influence of growth phase on the harvesting of Scenedesmus acuminatus using ultrafiltration. Sci Total Environ 2019; 660:25-31. [PMID: 30639715 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Revised: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Cellular characteristics and algogenic organic matter (AOM) properties change with culture time. This study aims to understand the changes throughout the growth phase, and their effect on Scenedesmus acuminatus harvesting using ultrafiltration. The variations in cellular particle size distribution, cellular EPS content, and the biochemical composition and molecular weight of AOM were analyzed, followed by the membrane harvesting of the original S. acuminatus suspension, AOM-free cells and cell-free AOM. The results showed that the average flux for the original suspension increased with growth phase and reached an increase of 36.3% in the declining phase. AOM played a greater role than S. acuminatus cells in flux decline for all growth phases. Exponential-phase AOM contained a greater high-MW fraction and more carbohydrates, and the exponential cells were smaller cells and had a higher EPS content; these characteristics resulted in a reduced average flux.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Ye
- Center for Microalgal Biotechnology and Biofuels, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; Key Laboratory for Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jun Sha
- Center for Microalgal Biotechnology and Biofuels, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; Key Laboratory for Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qingling Liu
- Center for Microalgal Biotechnology and Biofuels, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; Key Laboratory for Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Xuezhi Zhang
- Center for Microalgal Biotechnology and Biofuels, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; Key Laboratory for Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China.
| | - Qiang Hu
- Center for Microalgal Biotechnology and Biofuels, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; Key Laboratory for Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; SDIC Microalgae Biotechnology Center, SDIC Biotech Investment Co., LTD., Beijing 100035, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Algae Biomass, Beijing 100035, China
| | - Yongsheng Chen
- Center for Microalgal Biotechnology and Biofuels, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; Key Laboratory for Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
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29
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Liu Y, Wang Z, Wang S, Fang H, Ye N, Wang D. Ecotoxicological effects on Scenedesmus obliquus and Danio rerio Co-exposed to polystyrene nano-plastic particles and natural acidic organic polymer. Environ Toxicol Pharmacol 2019; 67:21-28. [PMID: 30710827 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2019.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Revised: 12/23/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The importance of attention to unravel the interaction of nano-plastic particles (NPs) with natural acidic organic polymer (NAOP) in freshwater environment should not be neglected. However, toxicological data available for the interaction between NPs and NAOP remain limited. Here, we investigate the toxicological effects of three model polystyrene (PS) NPs with different functional groups (unmodified, amino- and carboxyl-modified PS NPs) on two freshwater organisms of different trophic levels (Scenedesmus obliquus and Danio rerio) in the absence and presence of two classes of NAOP, namely fulvic acid and humic acid. The NAOP interaction with the NPs is shown to alter oxidative stress and disturb membrane function in S. obliquus cells to a certain extent. Combined oxidative stress responses to the NPs and NAOP in D. rerio as a function of their mixture levels showed inhibition, alleviation, and reinforce. Changes in cellular oxidative stress and membrane function depended on the concentration and types of both NPs and NAOP. Furthermore, the characterization parameters of the NPs were important for the explanation of the ecotoxicological mechanism of the NPs in the presence of NAOP. Our findings emphasized the critical role of NAOP in the fate and toxicity of plastic particles in freshwater environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinghan Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, PR China
| | - Zhuang Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, PR China.
| | - Se Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, PR China
| | - Hao Fang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, PR China
| | - Nan Ye
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, PR China
| | - Degao Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, PR China
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30
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Yaakob MA, Mohamed RMSR, Al-Gheethi A, Tiey A, Kassim AHM. Optimising of Scenedesmus sp. biomass production in chicken slaughterhouse wastewater using response surface methodology and potential utilisation as fish feeds. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2019; 26:12089-12108. [PMID: 30827020 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-04633-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Production of Scenedesmus sp. biomass in chicken slaughterhouse wastewater (CSWW) is a promising alternative technique for commercial culture medium due to the high nutritional content of the generated biomass to be used as fish feeds. The current work deals with optimising of biomass production in CSWW using response surface methodology (RSM) as a function of two independent variables, namely temperature (10-30 °C) and photoperiod (6-24 h). The potential application of biomass yield as fish feeds was evaluated based on carbohydrate, protein and lipid contents. The results revealed that the best operating parameters for Scenedesmus sp. biomass production with high contents of carbohydrates, proteins and lipids were determined at 30 °C and after 24 h. The actual and predicted values were 2.47 vs. 3.09 g, 1.44 vs. 1.27 μg/mL, 29.9 vs. 31.60% and 25.75 vs. 28.44%, respectively. Moreover, the produced biomass has a high concentration of fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) as follows: 35.91% of C15:1; 17.58% of C24:1 and 14.11% of C18:1N9T. The biomass yields have 7.98% of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, C20:5N3) which is more appropriate as fish feeds. The Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis of biomass revealed that the main functional groups included hydroxyl (OH), aldehyde (=C-H), alkanes and acyl chain groups. Scanning electron micrograph (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopic analysis (EDS) indicated that the surface morphology and element distribution in biomass produced in BBM and CSWW were varied. The findings have indicated that the biomass produced in CSWW has high potential as fish feeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maizatul Azrina Yaakob
- Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Micro-Pollutant Research Centre, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Parit Raja, Malaysia
| | - Radin Maya Saphira Radin Mohamed
- Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Micro-Pollutant Research Centre, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Parit Raja, Malaysia.
| | - Adel Al-Gheethi
- Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Micro-Pollutant Research Centre, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Parit Raja, Malaysia.
| | - Athirah Tiey
- Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Micro-Pollutant Research Centre, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Parit Raja, Malaysia
| | - Amir Hashim Mohd Kassim
- Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Micro-Pollutant Research Centre, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Parit Raja, Malaysia
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Xiong JQ, Govindwar S, Kurade MB, Paeng KJ, Roh HS, Khan MA, Jeon BH. Toxicity of sulfamethazine and sulfamethoxazole and their removal by a green microalga, Scenedesmus obliquus. Chemosphere 2019; 218:551-558. [PMID: 30500716 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.11.146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Revised: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
A comprehensive ecotoxicological evaluation of a sulfamethazine (SMZ) and sulfamethoxazole (SMX) mixture was conducted using an indicator microalga, Scenedesmus obliquus. The toxicological effects of this mixture were studied using microalgal growth patterns, biochemical characteristics (total chlorophyll, carotenoid, carbohydrate, fatty acid methyl ester), and elemental and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy analyses. The 96-h half maximal effective concentration (EC50) of the SMZ and SMX mixture was calculated to be 0.15 mg L-1 according to the dose-response curves obtained. The chlorophyll content decreased with elevated SMZ and SMX concentrations, while the carotenoid content initially increased and then decreased as concentration raised. The unsaturated fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) content was enhanced with higher SMZ and SMX concentrations, while that of saturated FAMEs simultaneously decreased due to SMZ and SMX stress. Elemental analyses showed an improved percentage of nitrogen and sulfur in the microalgal biomass as SMZ and SMX concentrations increased. The microalga S. obliquus was shown to biodegrade the chemicals tested and removed 31.4-62.3% of the 0.025-0.25 mg SMZ L-1 and 27.7-46.8% of the 0.025-0.25 mg SMX L-1 in the mixture after 12 days of cultivation. The greater biodegradation observed at higher SMZ and SMX concentrations indicates that microalgal degradation of SMZ and SMX could act as an efficient adaptive mechanism to antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiu-Qiang Xiong
- Department of Earth Resources and Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, South Korea
| | - Sanjay Govindwar
- Department of Earth Resources and Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, South Korea.
| | - Mayur B Kurade
- Department of Earth Resources and Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, South Korea
| | - Ki-Jung Paeng
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, 1 Yonseidae-gil, Wonju, 26493, South Korea
| | - Hyun-Seog Roh
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Yonsei University, 1 Yonseidae-gil, Wonju, Gangwon, 26493, South Korea
| | - Moonis Ali Khan
- Chemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Byong-Hun Jeon
- Department of Earth Resources and Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, South Korea.
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32
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Fan H, Liu H, Dong Y, Chen C, Wang Z, Guo J, Du S. Growth inhibition and oxidative stress caused by four ionic liquids in Scenedesmus obliquus: Role of cations and anions. Sci Total Environ 2019; 651:570-579. [PMID: 30245413 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.09.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Revised: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 09/08/2018] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Ionic liquids (ILs) are widely used in various industrial applications. However, they are considered potential toxins in aquatic environments because of their physical stability and solubility. The growth inhibition and oxidative stress induced by four ionic liquids with different cations and anions on the green algae Scenedesmus obliquus was investigated in this study. The order of growth inhibition was 1‑hexyl‑3‑methylimidazolium nitrate ([HMIM]NO3) > 1‑hexyl‑3‑methylimidazolium chloride ([HMIM]Cl) > N‑hexyl‑3‑metylpyridinium bromide ([HMPy]Br) > N‑hexyl‑3‑metylpyridinium chloride ([HMPy]Cl). Imidazolium IL had a higher growth inhibition effect than pyridinium IL, nitrate IL and bromide IL had a higher effect than chloride IL. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) level in S. obliquus increased with increasing IL concentrations. Green fluorescence in [HMIM]Cl treated algae showed increased brightness compared to the [HMPy]Cl treatment, and [HMIM]NO3 treatment produced increased brightness compared to the [HMPy]Br treatment, suggesting that higher ROS levels were induced by [HMIM]Cl and [HMIM]NO3. Soluble protein, catalase (CAT), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities were stimulated at lower concentrations but were inhibited at higher concentrations. Regression analysis suggested that ROS level is the main index responsible for oxidative stress induced by the four ILs. The ILs induced oxidative damage on S. obliquus, and ROS in high concentration treatments could not be effectively removed by the antioxidant system, leading to oxidative damage and ultimately resulting in growth inhibition and cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiyang Fan
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, China
| | - Huijun Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, China.
| | - Ying Dong
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, China
| | - Chonglei Chen
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, China
| | - Zongwei Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, China
| | - Jiayun Guo
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, China
| | - Shaoting Du
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, China
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Wang P, Zhang B, Zhang H, He Y, Ong CN, Yang J. Metabolites change of Scenedesmus obliquus exerted by AgNPs. J Environ Sci (China) 2019; 76:310-318. [PMID: 30528022 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2018.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Revised: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
With increasing emission of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) into the environment, it is important to understand the effects of ambient concentration of AgNPs. The biological effects of AgNPs on Scenedesmus obliquus, a ubiquitous freshwater microalgae, was evaluated. AgNPs exerted a minor inhibitory effect at low doses. Non-targeted metabolomic studies were conducted to understand and analyze the effect of AgNPs on algal cells from a molecular perspective. During the 48 hr of exposure to AgNPs, 30 metabolites were identified, of which nine had significant changes compared to the control group. These include d-galactose, sucrose, and d-fructose. These carbohydrates are involved in the synthesis and repair of cell walls. Glycine, an important constituent amino acid of glutathione, increased with AgNP exposure concentration increasing, likely to counteract an increased intracellular oxidative stress. These results provide a new understanding of the toxicity effects and mechanism of AgNPs. These metabolites could be useful biomarkers for future research, employed in the early detection of environmental risk from AgNPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pu Wang
- School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200240, China; School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou 730070, China.
| | - Bo Zhang
- School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
| | - Hui Zhang
- NUS Environmental Research Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore
| | - Yiliang He
- School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Choon Nam Ong
- NUS Environmental Research Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore
| | - Jun Yang
- School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou 730070, China
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Zhu X, Wang Y, Hou X, Kong Q, Sun Y, Wang J, Huang Y, Yang Z. High temperature promotes the inhibition effect of Zn 2+ on inducible defense of Scenedesmus obliquus. Chemosphere 2019; 216:203-212. [PMID: 30368085 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.10.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Revised: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Morphological defense is assumed to be an effective anti-grazer strategy in phytoplankton. Scenedesmus obliquus, a globally widespread freshwater chlorophyte, can form colonies in response to the infochemicals of herbivorous zooplankton and survive in coexistence with grazers. However, the inducible defense response is often disturbed by abiotic or biotic factors, especially under the increasing global warming and environmental pollution. In this study, two nonlethal environmental factors, namely, elevated temperature and environmentally relevant Zn2+ concentrations, decreased colony formation of S. obliquus induced by Daphnia grazing infochemicals. Elevated temperature (30 °C) reduced the inducible colony size and shortened the maintenance time of defensive colonies. Decreased colony size was detected with increased Zn2+ concentration. Colony formation was inhibited even at low Zn2+ concentration (0.131 μmol L-1), which neither retarded growth nor affected photosynthesis. Warming promoted the inhibition effect of Zn2+ on inducible colony formation of S. obliquus. Warming also enhanced Zn2+ toxicity, which caused the growth rate of S. obliquus to be hindered by high Zn2+ concentrations at elevated temperature. Specially, S. obliquus which formed inducible colonies under the condition of Daphnia infochemicals had higher tolerance to Zn2+ toxicity and thus likely exerted protective effects against heavy metals. The results indicated the combined effects of global warming and heavy-metal pollution result in more severe impact on the inducible defense of S. obliquus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuexia Zhu
- College of Oceanography, Hohai University, 1 Xikang Road, Nanjing, 210098, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, School of Biological Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, School of Biological Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Xinying Hou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, School of Biological Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Qingdan Kong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, School of Biological Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yunfei Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, School of Biological Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, School of Biological Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yuan Huang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, School of Biological Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Zhou Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, School of Biological Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, China.
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Qian YP, Li XT, Tian RN. Effects of aqueous extracts from the rhizome of Pontederia cordata on the growth and interspecific competition of two algal species. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2019; 168:401-407. [PMID: 30399538 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.10.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Revised: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Single and co-culture systems of Microcystis aeruginosa and Scenedesmus obliquus were prepared with different initial algal densities and treated with different concentrations of aqueous extracts from the rhizome of Pontederia cordata to study its inhibitory effect on algal growth and the competitive relationship between these two algal species. The results showed that aqueous extracts could inhibit the growth of M. aeruginosa and S. obliquus, and the inhibition rate of aqueous extracts on the growth of M. aeruginosa was always higher than that of S. obliquus. A Lotka-Volterra competition model revealed that these two algal species can co-exist without the addition of aqueous extracts, and S. obliquus exhibited a stronger ability to compete than that of M. aeruginosa. Meanwhile, the dominant algal species changed with the addition of aqueous extracts regardless of the initial ratios of the two algae. The species ratio of mixed cultures had a strong effect on the interspecific interaction between the two algae. The higher proportion of S. obliquus in the initial proportion of two algae, the stronger competitive ability of S. obliquus when compared with that of M. aeruginosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Ping Qian
- College of Landscape Architecture, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiao-Ting Li
- College of Landscape Architecture, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ru-Nan Tian
- College of Landscape Architecture, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, Jiangsu, China.
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Pan X, Cheng Y, Dong F, Liu N, Xu J, Liu X, Wu X, Zheng Y. Stereoselective bioactivity, acute toxicity and dissipation in typical paddy soils of the chiral fungicide propiconazole. J Hazard Mater 2018; 359:194-202. [PMID: 30036749 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2018.07.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Revised: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Propiconazole is a widely used systemic agricultural triazole fungicide with two chiral centers. In the present study, systemic assessments of propiconazole stereoisomers are reported for the first time, including absolute configuration, stereoselective bioactivity toward pathogens (Ustilaginoidea virens, Magnaporthe oryzae, Fusarium moniliforme, Thanatephorus cucumeris, and Rhizoctonia solani), and stereoselective acute toxicity toward aquatic organisms (Scenedesmus obliquus, and Daphnia magna). Moreover, the stereoselective dissipation of propiconazole in three types of paddy soil under laboratory-controlled conditions (aerobic, anaerobic and sterile) was investigated. The degree of bioactivity and acute toxicity of the propiconazole stereoisomers differed depending on the type of target pathogens and non-target organisms. There were 2.43-23.47 and 1.48-2.13 fold differences between the best and worst stereoisomer in bioactivity and toxicity, respectively. Under aerobic conditions, (2S,4S)-propiconazole and (2S,4R)-propiconazole were preferentially degraded in the three types of soils. However, no significant stereoselectivity was observed under anaerobic and sterile conditions. Propiconazole was configurationally stable throughout the study. In comprehensive consideration of bioactivity, toxicity and environmental behavior, using stereoisomer mixture rather than pure stereoisomer may help to control more species of disease in practical application, and the stereoselectivity should be taken into consideration in risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinglu Pan
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Disease and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, PR China
| | - Youpu Cheng
- Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Fengshou Dong
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Disease and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, PR China.
| | - Na Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Disease and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, PR China; Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, PR China
| | - Jun Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Disease and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, PR China
| | - Xingang Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Disease and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, PR China
| | - Xiaohu Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Disease and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, PR China
| | - Yongquan Zheng
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Disease and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, PR China.
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Jochum M, Moncayo LP, Jo YK. Microalgal cultivation for biofertilization in rice plants using a vertical semi-closed airlift photobioreactor. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0203456. [PMID: 30208074 PMCID: PMC6135494 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0203456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitrogen (N) is one of the most important limiting factors in conventional rice (Oryza sativa) production, which heavily relies on synthetic fertilizers. In this study, we researched on the development and use of a vertical semi-closed airlift photobioreactor (PBR) for microalgal cultivation and subsequently determined the efficacy of microalgae-based fertilizers to rice plant growth. The PBR system was developed to produce two strains of N2-fixing cyanobacteria (Anabaena sp. UTEX 2576, Nostoc muscorum UTEX 2209S), and a polyculture of Chlorella vulgaris (UTEX 2714) and Scenedesmus dimorphus (UTEX 1237). When these biofertilizers were evaluated for rice under the greenhouse conditions, results showed that the rice plant heights treated with polyculture-based microalgal biomass were similar to or better than the urea treatment. The effects of the inoculation of the N2-fixing cyanobacterial inoculation on seedling growth was not statistically significant. In conclusion, the vertical semi-closed system PBR cultivation method developed in this study proved to be a simple and effective method for cultivating microalgae. Demonstration of the reliable production system for N2-fixing cyanobacteria and chlorophytes at a medium scale could potentially open the future application of microalgal biofertilizers in rice production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Jochum
- Department of Plant Pathology & Microbiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Luis P. Moncayo
- Department of Plant Pathology & Microbiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Young-Ki Jo
- Department of Plant Pathology & Microbiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Pan CG, Peng FJ, Ying GG. Removal, biotransformation and toxicity variations of climbazole by freshwater algae Scenedesmus obliquus. Environ Pollut 2018; 240:534-540. [PMID: 29758527 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Revised: 05/01/2018] [Accepted: 05/06/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Climbazole (CBZ) is an antibacterial and antifungal agent widely used in personal care products. In this study, we investigated the interactions between climbazole (CBZ) and freshwater microalgae Scenedesmus obliquus (S. obliquus). Dose-effect relationships between CBZ concentrations and growth inhibitions or chlorophyll a content were observed. After 12 days of incubation, the algae density and chlorophyll a content in 2 mg/L treatment group was 56.6% and 15.8% of those in the control group, respectively. Biotransformation was the predominant way to remove CBZ in the culture solution, whereas the contribution of bioaccumulation and bioadsorption were negligible. More than 88% of CBZ was removed by S. obliquus across all treatments after 12 days of incubation, and the biotransformation of CBZ followed the first order kinetic model with half-lives of approximately 4.5 days at different treatments. CBZ-alcohol (CBZ-OH) was the only biotransformation product identified in algal solution. Moreover, the toxicity of biotransformation products was much lower than its corresponding precursor compound (CBZ). The results of this study revealed that S. obliquus might have a great impact on the environmental fates of CBZ and could be further applied to remove organic pollutants in aquatic environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Gui Pan
- School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China.
| | - Feng-Jiao Peng
- Department of Aquatic Ecology and Water Quality Management, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 47, 6700, AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Guang-Guo Ying
- The Environmental Research Institute, MOE Key Laboratory of Environmental Theoretical Chemistry, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
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Chaudhary R, Dikshit AK, Tong YW. Carbon-dioxide biofixation and phycoremediation of municipal wastewater using Chlorella vulgaris and Scenedesmus obliquus. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2018; 25:20399-20406. [PMID: 28656576 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-9575-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The pure cultures of microalgae Chlorella vulgaris ATCC 13482 and Scenedesmus obliquus FACHB 417 were grown in municipal wastewater in 7-L airlift bubble column photobioreactor supplied with 5% CO2/air (v/v). Batch experiments were conducted at 25 °C with 14-h light/10-h dark cycle for a period of 10 days. The CO2 capture efficiencies for both the microalgae were monitored in terms of their respective biomass productivities, carbon contents, and CO2 consumption rates. In the present study, the initial concentration of ammonia (43.7 mg L-1) was decreased to 2.9 and 3.7 mg L-1 by C. vulgaris and S. obliquus, respectively. And, the initial concentration of phosphate (18.5 mg L-1) was decreased to 1.1 and 1.6 mg L-1 by C. vulgaris and S. obliquus, respectively. CO2 biofixation rates by C. vulgaris and S. obliquus, cultivated in municipal wastewater, were calculated to be 140.91 and 129.82 mg L-1 day-1, respectively. The findings from the present study highlight the use of microalgae for wastewater treatment along with CO2 uptake and biomass utilization for pilot scale production of biodiesel, biogas, feed supplements for animals, etc., thus minimizing the production costs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramjee Chaudhary
- Centre for Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, 400076, India.
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117576, Singapore.
| | - Anil Kumar Dikshit
- Centre for Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, 400076, India
- School of Business, Environment and Society, Mälardalen University, Vasteras, Sweden
- Urban Environmental Management, School of Environment, Resources and Development, Asian Institute of Technology, Pathumthani, 12120, Thailand
| | - Yen Wah Tong
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117576, Singapore
- Environmental Research Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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Maeng SK, You SH, Nam JY, Ryu H, Timmes TC, Kim HC. The growth of Scenedesmus quadricauda in RO concentrate and the impacts on refractory organic matter, Escherichia coli, and trace organic compounds. Water Res 2018; 134:292-300. [PMID: 29433079 PMCID: PMC6744953 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2018.01.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Revised: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/13/2018] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
This study achieves a better operational simplicity for the phycoremediation of reverse osmosis (RO) concentrate using Scenedesmus quadricauda microalgae. Under continuous illumination with CO2 supplementation, algal growth in the RO concentrate resulted in a conversion of polymeric organic matter (a mixture of humic substances and polysaccharides) to biodegradable fractions and their prompt removal along with inorganic nutrients (NO3- and PO43-). The algal-induced degradation of humic-like substances which are typically refractory to microbial decomposition was demonstrated in an indirect manner. In this study, we also investigated the effects of algal treatment on the growth of Escherichia coli and removal of trace organic compounds (TOrCs) from the RO concentrate. Our results indicate that algal treatment of the RO concentrate using aeration with 10% (v/v) CO2 under continuous illumination is highly feasible as a safe and inexpensive technology to remove non- or slowly-biodegradable organic matter, reduce enteric bacteria, and attenuate TOrCs in wastewater. However, the results should not be generalized, but critically discussed, due to limitations of using the synthetic RO concentrate in evaluating the performance of wastewater remediation with microalgae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Kyu Maeng
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Sejong University, 209 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea.
| | - Song Hee You
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Sejong University, 209 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea.
| | - Joo-Youn Nam
- Jeju Global Research Center, Korea Institute of Energy Research, 200 Haemajihaean-ro, Gujwa-eup, Jeju-si, Jeju-do 63357, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hodon Ryu
- United States Environmental Protection Agency, Office Research and Development, 26 W. Martin Luther King Dr., Cincinnati, OH 45268, USA.
| | - Thomas C Timmes
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Virginia Military Institute, Lexington, VA 24450, USA.
| | - Hyun-Chul Kim
- Water Resources Research Institute, Sejong University, 209 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea.
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Liu D, Liu H, Wang S, Chen J, Xia Y. The toxicity of ionic liquid 1-decylpyridinium bromide to the algae Scenedesmus obliquus: Growth inhibition, phototoxicity, and oxidative stress. Sci Total Environ 2018; 622-623:1572-1580. [PMID: 29055581 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Revised: 10/03/2017] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Although ionic liquids (ILs) are unlikely to act as air contaminants, their high solubility and slow degradation make them a potential threat to the aquatic environment. The IL 1-decylpyridinium bromide ([DPy]Br) is a common type of pyridine IL, which has varied applications such as in extraction, separation, and catalytic synthesis. Herein, the toxicity of [DPy]Br to S. obliquus is determined. Growth was inhibited by high-concentration [DPy]Br, whereas it had a hormetic effect at low concentrations. The IC50-96h was approximately 0.06mg/L. The cell membrane permeability of S. obliquus increased with [DPy]Br concentration, indicating that [DPy]Br can cause damage to the algae cell structure. Chlorophyll content decreased at high [DPy]Br concentration; chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, such as the maximum effective quantum yield of PSII (Fv/Fm), potential activity of PSII (Fv/F0), yield of the photochemical quantum [Y(II)], and the non-photochemical quenching coefficient (NPQ) were affected, suggesting that [DPy]Br can damage PSII. The ROS fluorescent images revealed that the morphology of cells changed gradually from fusiform to round. High ROS levels were observed with high concentrations of [DPy]Br, indicating that [DPy]Br induced oxidative stress on S. obliquus. The SOD and CAT activities increased when the concentration was lower than IC50, whereas they decreased when the concentration was higher than IC50. The relative ROS content was significantly correlated with growth inhibition rate, cell membrane permeability, chlorophyll content, and SOD and CAT activities. The increase of ROS content in algal cells is an important toxicological mechanism of [DPy]Br to S. obliquus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dingdong Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, China
| | - Huijun Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, China.
| | - Shengtao Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, China
| | - Jiazheng Chen
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, China
| | - Yilu Xia
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, China
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Xiang R, Shi J, Yu Y, Zhang H, Dong C, Yang Y, Wu Z. The Effect of Bisphenol A on Growth, Morphology, Lipid Peroxidation, Antioxidant Enzyme Activity, and PS II in Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii and Scenedesmus quadricauda. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol 2018; 74:515-526. [PMID: 29051998 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-017-0454-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
To investigate the effect of bisphenol A (BPA) on Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii (Cyanobacteria) and Scenedesmus quadricauda (Chlorophyta), we grew the two species at BPA concentrations of 0, 0.1, 1, 2, 5, 10, and 20 mg/L and examined their growth, lipid peroxidation, antioxidant enzyme activity, and chlorophyll a fluorescence. The 96-h EC50 values (effective concentration causing 50% growth inhibition) for BPA in C. raciborskii and S. quadricauda were 9.663 ± 0.047, and 13.233 ± 0.069 mg/L, respectively. A significant reduction in chlorophyll a concentration was found in C. raciborskii and S. quadricauda when BPA concentrations were greater than 1 and 2 mg/L, respectively. Furthermore, F v/F m, ΔF/F m', and qP decreased significantly at 10 mg/L BPA in C. raciborskii but started to decrease at 10 mg/L in S. quadricauda. The changes in chlorophyll fluorescence parameters (α, rETRmax) that were obtained from the rapid light response curves of both algae species showed similar responses to F v/F m, ΔF/F m', and qP under BPA-induced stress. Values for all of the chlorophyll fluorescence parameters in S. quadricauda were higher than in C. raciborskii; however, the nonphotochemical quenching measured in C. raciborskii was considerably higher than it was in S. quadricauda. In addition, lipid peroxidation (determined as MDA content) and antioxidant enzyme activities (SOD and CAT) increased in both species as the BPA concentration increased. These results suggest that C. raciborskii is more sensitive to the effects of BPA than S. quadricauda and that photosystem II might be a target for the activity of BPA in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Xiang
- Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region (Ministry of Education), Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Ecology and Resources Research in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, School of Life Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, People's Republic of China
| | - Junqiong Shi
- Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region (Ministry of Education), Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Ecology and Resources Research in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, School of Life Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Yu
- Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region (Ministry of Education), Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Ecology and Resources Research in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, School of Life Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongbo Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region (Ministry of Education), Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Ecology and Resources Research in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, School of Life Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, People's Republic of China
| | - Congcong Dong
- Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region (Ministry of Education), Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Ecology and Resources Research in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, School of Life Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanjun Yang
- Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region (Ministry of Education), Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Ecology and Resources Research in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, School of Life Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhongxing Wu
- Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region (Ministry of Education), Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Ecology and Resources Research in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, School of Life Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, People's Republic of China.
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Iasimone F, Zuccaro G, D'Oriano V, Franci G, Galdiero M, Pirozzi D, De Felice V, Pirozzi F. Combined yeast and microalgal cultivation in a pilot-scale raceway pond for urban wastewater treatment and potential biodiesel production. Water Sci Technol 2018; 77:1062-1071. [PMID: 29488969 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2017.620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A mixed culture of oleaginous yeast Lipomyces starkeyi and wastewater native microalgae (mostly Scenedesmus sp. and Chlorella sp.) was performed to enhance lipid and biomass production from urban wastewaters. A 400 L raceway pond, operating outdoors, was designed and used for biomass cultivation. Microalgae and yeast were inoculated into the cultivation pond with a 2:1 inoculum ratio. Their concentrations were monitored for 14 continuous days of batch cultivation. Microalgal growth presented a 3-day initial lag-phase, while yeast growth occurred in the first few days. Yeast activity during the microalgal lag-phase enhanced microalgal biomass productivity, corresponding to 31.4 mgTSS m-2 d-1. Yeast growth was limited by low concentrations in wastewater of easily assimilated organic substrates. Organic carbon was absorbed in the first 3 days with a 3.7 mgC L-1 d-1 removal rate. Complete nutrient removal occurred during microalgal linear growth with 2.9 mgN L-1 d-1 and 0.96 mgP L-1 d-1 removal rates. Microalgal photosynthetic activity induced high pH and dissolved oxygen values resulted in natural bactericidal and antifungal activity. A 15% lipid/dry weight was measured at the end of the cultivation time. Fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) analysis indicated that the lipids were mainly composed of arachidic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Iasimone
- Bioscience and Territory Department, University of Molise, C. da Fonte Lappone, 86090 Pesche (IS), Italy E-mail:
| | - G Zuccaro
- Department of Chemical, Materials and Production Engineering, University of Naples Federico II, P. V. Tecchio, 80, 80125 Naples, Italy
| | - V D'Oriano
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Study of Campania 'Luigi Vanvitelli', Via Costantinopoli 16, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - G Franci
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Study of Campania 'Luigi Vanvitelli', Via Costantinopoli 16, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - M Galdiero
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Study of Campania 'Luigi Vanvitelli', Via Costantinopoli 16, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - D Pirozzi
- Department of Chemical, Materials and Production Engineering, University of Naples Federico II, P. V. Tecchio, 80, 80125 Naples, Italy
| | - V De Felice
- Bioscience and Territory Department, University of Molise, C. da Fonte Lappone, 86090 Pesche (IS), Italy E-mail:
| | - F Pirozzi
- Civil and Environmental Department, University of Naples Federico II, Via Claudio 21, 80125 Naples, Italy
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Yang J, Tang H, Zhang X, Zhu X, Huang Y, Yang Z. High temperature and pH favor Microcystis aeruginosa to outcompete Scenedesmus obliquus. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2018; 25:4794-4802. [PMID: 29198029 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-0887-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Competition between cyanobacteria and green algae affects phytoplankton succession and the well-known cyanobacteria blooms. Climate warming and water acidification are two concerned environmental issues changing the freshwater ecosystems. To investigate the competitive responses of phytoplankton to warming and acidification, we co-cultured Microcystis aeruginosa and Scenedesmus obliquus at a temperature range of 15-35 °C and a pH range of 5-9. Results showed that S. obliquus was superior competitor at 15 °C. At 20-30 °C, the populations of both Scenedesmus and Microcystis were inhibited by the presence of each other. S. obliquus was in competitive domination at the initial phase of cultivation, but was finally replaced by M. aeruginosa. Microcystis kept competition advantage at 35 °C, whereas Scenedesmus outcompeted Microcystis at acidic conditions (pH ≤ 6). Neutral and weakly alkaline conditions (pH 7-9) supported the replacement of competition domination from Scenedesmus to Microcystis. The present study revealed that climate warming may accelerate the phytoplankton succession from green algae to cyanobacteria, with the predicted promoted cyanobacteria blooms. Nonetheless, water acidification causes Microcystis to be a weak competitor with green algae, suggesting that the advantageous effect of Microcystis toward green algae at high temperatures was controlled by other variables like the water pH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingwen Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, School of Biological Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Hengxing Tang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, School of Biological Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Xingxing Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, School of Biological Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Xuexia Zhu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, School of Biological Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yuan Huang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, School of Biological Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Zhou Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, School of Biological Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, China.
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45
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Hu Y, Hao X, van Loosdrecht M, Chen H. Enrichment of highly settleable microalgal consortia in mixed cultures for effluent polishing and low-cost biomass production. Water Res 2017; 125:11-22. [PMID: 28822815 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2017.08.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2017] [Revised: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 08/15/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Microalgae cultivation is a promising technology for integrated effluent polishing and biofuel production, but poor separability of microalgal cells hinders its industrial application. This study intended to selectively enrich settleable microalgal consortia in mixed culture by applying "wash-out" pressure, which was realized by controlling settling time (ST) and volume exchange ratio (VER) in photo-SBRs. The results demonstrated that highly settleable microalgal consortia (settling efficiency>97%; SVI = 17-50 mL/g) could be enriched from indigenous algal cultures developed in WWTP's effluent. High VER was the key factor for the fast development of settleable microalgae. VER was also a controlling factor of the algal community structure. High VERs (0.5 and 0.7) resulted in the dominance of diatom, while low VER (0.2) facilitated the dominance of cyanobacteria. The settleable microalgal consortia were very efficient in phosphorus removal (effluent PO43--P<0.1 mg/L; removal efficiency>99%), which was largely attributed to intensive chemical precipitation of phosphate induced by high pH (8.5-10). However, the high pH decreased the bioavailable inorganic carbon, resulting in incomplete nitrate removal (effluent NO3--N = 2.2-4 mg/L; removal efficiency = 61-79%) under high VERs and low lipid content (up to 10%) in the settleable microalgae. This problem could be resolved by sparging CO2 or controlling pH. Overall, this study demonstrated a simple and effective method to overcome the separation challenge in scale-up of microalgae biotechnology for advanced wastewater purification and biofuel production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuansheng Hu
- Sino-Dutch R&D Centre for Future Wastewater Treatment Technologies/Key Laboratory of Urban Stormwater System and Water Environment, Beijing University of Civil Engineering & Architecture, Beijing 100044, PR China
| | - Xiaodi Hao
- Sino-Dutch R&D Centre for Future Wastewater Treatment Technologies/Key Laboratory of Urban Stormwater System and Water Environment, Beijing University of Civil Engineering & Architecture, Beijing 100044, PR China.
| | - Mark van Loosdrecht
- Sino-Dutch R&D Centre for Future Wastewater Treatment Technologies/Key Laboratory of Urban Stormwater System and Water Environment, Beijing University of Civil Engineering & Architecture, Beijing 100044, PR China; Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Huiqin Chen
- Sino-Dutch R&D Centre for Future Wastewater Treatment Technologies/Key Laboratory of Urban Stormwater System and Water Environment, Beijing University of Civil Engineering & Architecture, Beijing 100044, PR China
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46
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Al-Gheethi AA, Mohamed RM, Jais NM, Efaq AN, Abd Halid A, Wurochekke AA, Amir-Hashim MK. Influence of pathogenic bacterial activity on growth of Scenedesmus sp. and removal of nutrients from public market wastewater. J Water Health 2017; 15:741-756. [PMID: 29040077 DOI: 10.2166/wh.2017.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The present study aims to investigate the influence of Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Enterococcus faecalis in public market wastewater on the removal of nutrients in terms of ammonium (NH4-) and orthophosphate (PO43) using Scenedesmus sp. The removal rates of NH4- and orthophosphate PO43- and batch kinetic coefficient of Scenedesmus sp. were investigated. The phycoremediation process was carried out at ambient temperature for 6 days. The results revealed that the pathogenic bacteria exhibited survival potential in the presence of microalgae but they were reduced by 3-4 log at the end of the treatment process. The specific removal rates of NH4- and PO43- have a strong relationship with initial concentration in the public market wastewater (R2 = 0.86 and 0.80, respectively). The kinetic coefficient of NH4- removal by Scenedesmus sp. was determined as k = 4.28 mg NH4- 1 log10 cell mL-1 d-1 and km = 52.01 mg L-1 (R2 = 0.94) while the coefficient of PO43- removal was noted as k = 1.09 mg NH4- 1 log10 cell mL-1 d-1 and km = 85.56 mg L-1 (R2 = 0.92). It can be concluded that Scenedesmus sp. has high competition from indigenous bacteria in the public market wastewater to remove nutrients, with a higher coefficient of removal of NH4- than PO43.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Al-Gheethi
- Micro-Pollution Research Centre (MPRC), Department of Water and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, 86400 Parit Raja, Batu Pahat, Johor, Malaysia E-mail:
| | - R M Mohamed
- Micro-Pollution Research Centre (MPRC), Department of Water and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, 86400 Parit Raja, Batu Pahat, Johor, Malaysia E-mail:
| | - N M Jais
- Micro-Pollution Research Centre (MPRC), Department of Water and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, 86400 Parit Raja, Batu Pahat, Johor, Malaysia E-mail:
| | - A N Efaq
- Faculty of Science Technology and Human Developments, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, 86400 Parit Raja, Batu Pahat, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Abdullah Abd Halid
- Department of Architecture and Engineering Design, Faculty of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, 86400 Parit Raja, Batu Pahat, Johor, Malaysia
| | - A A Wurochekke
- Micro-Pollution Research Centre (MPRC), Department of Water and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, 86400 Parit Raja, Batu Pahat, Johor, Malaysia E-mail:
| | - M K Amir-Hashim
- Micro-Pollution Research Centre (MPRC), Department of Water and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, 86400 Parit Raja, Batu Pahat, Johor, Malaysia E-mail:
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Chia MA, Cordeiro-Araújo MK, Lorenzi AS, Bittencourt-Oliveira MDC. Cylindrospermopsin induced changes in growth, toxin production and antioxidant response of Acutodesmus acuminatus and Microcystis aeruginosa under differing light and nitrogen conditions. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2017; 142:189-199. [PMID: 28411514 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2017.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2016] [Revised: 03/25/2017] [Accepted: 04/07/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Growing evidence suggests that some bioactive metabolites (e.g. cyanotoxins) produced by cyanobacteria have allelopathic potential, due to their inhibitory or stimulatory effects on competing species. Although a number of studies have shown that the cyanotoxin cylindrospermopsin (CYN) has variable effects on phytoplankton species, the impact of changing physicochemical conditions on its allelopathic potential is yet to be investigated. We investigated the physiological response of Microcystis aeruginosa (Cyanobacteria) and Acutodesmus acuminatus (Chlorophyta) to CYN under varying nitrogen and light conditions. At 24h, higher microcystins content of M. aeruginosa was recorded under limited light in the presence of CYN, while at 120h the lower levels of the toxins were observed in the presence of CYN under optimum light. Total MCs concentration was significantly (p<0.05) lowered by CYN after 120h of exposure under limited and optimum nitrogen conditions. On the other hand, there were no significant (p>0.05) changes in total MCs concentrations after exposure to CYN under high nitrogen conditions. As expected, limited light and limited nitrogen conditions resulted in lower cell density of both species, while CYN only significantly (p<0.05) inhibited the growth of M. aeruginosa. Regardless of the light or nitrogen condition, the presence of CYN increased internal H2O2 content of both species, which resulted in significant (p<0.05) changes in antioxidant enzyme (catalase, peroxidase, superoxide dismutase and glutathione S-transferase) activities. The oxidative stress caused by CYN was higher under limited light and limited nitrogen. These results showed that M. aeruginosa and A. acuminatus have variable response to CYN under changing light and nitrogen conditions, and demonstrate that need to consider changes in physicochemical conditions during ecotoxicological and ecophysiological investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathias Ahii Chia
- Department of Biological Sciences, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Av. Pádua Dias, 11, São Dimas, CEP 13418-900, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Micheline Kézia Cordeiro-Araújo
- Department of Biological Sciences, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Av. Pádua Dias, 11, São Dimas, CEP 13418-900, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Adriana Sturion Lorenzi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Av. Pádua Dias, 11, São Dimas, CEP 13418-900, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Maria do Carmo Bittencourt-Oliveira
- Department of Biological Sciences, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Av. Pádua Dias, 11, São Dimas, CEP 13418-900, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil.
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Liu H, Xia Y, Cai W, Zhang Y, Zhang X, Du S. Enantioselective oxidative stress and oxidative damage caused by Rac- and S-metolachlor to Scenedesmus obliquus. Chemosphere 2017; 173:22-30. [PMID: 28104477 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.01.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2016] [Revised: 12/07/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The rational use and environmental security of chiral pesticides has gained the interest of many researchers. The enantioselective effects of Rac- and S-metolachlor on oxidative stress in Scenedesmus obliquus were determined in this study. Stronger green fluorescence was observed in response to S-metolachlor treatment than to Rac-metolachlor treatment, suggesting that more reactive oxygen species (ROS) were stimulated by S-metolachlor. ROS levels following S-metolachlor treatment were 1.92-, 8.31-, and 1.08-times higher than those observed following Rac-metolachlor treatment at 0.1, 0.2, and 0.3 mg/L, respectively. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) were stimulated with increasing herbicide concentrations, with S-metolachlor exhibiting a greater effect. Oxidative damage in terms of chlorophyll (Chl) content, cellular membrane permeability, and cellular ultrastructures of S. obliquus were investigated. Chla and Chlb contents in algae treated with Rac-metolachlor were 2-6-fold higher than those in algae treated with S-metolachlor at 0.1, 0.2, and 0.3 mg/L. The cellular membrane permeability of algae exposed to 0.3 mg/L Rac- and S-metolachlor was 6.19- and 42.5-times that of the control. Correlation analysis implied that ROS are the major factor responsible for the oxidative damage caused by Rac- and S-metolachlor. Damage to the chloroplasts and cell membrane of S. obliquus, low production of starch granules, and an increased number of vacuoles were observed upon ultrastructural morphology analysis by transmission electron microscope. These results indicate that S-metolachlor has a greater effect on S. obliquus than Rac-metolachlor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijun Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, China.
| | - YiLu Xia
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Weidan Cai
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, China; Environmental Science Research & Design Institute of Taizhou City, China
| | - Yina Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Xiaoqiang Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Shaoting Du
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, China.
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49
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Úbeda B, Gálvez JÁ, Michel M, Bartual A. Microalgae cultivation in urban wastewater: Coelastrum cf. pseudomicroporum as a novel carotenoid source and a potential microalgae harvesting tool. Bioresour Technol 2017; 228:210-217. [PMID: 28064133 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2016.12.095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2016] [Revised: 12/13/2016] [Accepted: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this work was to study the optimal growth and high value-added production of the microalgae Coelastrum cf. pseudomicroporum Korshikov cultivated in urban wastewater. It was observed that C. cf. pseudomicroporum grew ideally in this medium, acting as an efficient nutrient starver. Additionally, the obtained biomass increased carotenoid cell content after saltwater stress. The effects of light intensity and salt stress on its growth rate were analysed. The results showed that this alga can grow very fast using wastewater as culture medium, reaching maximum growth rates of 1.61±0.05day-1, and tolerating strong irradiances. It was also found that under salt-stress this species could accumulate carotenoids (range 1.73-91.2pgcell-1). Moreover, a good harvesting efficiency (96.84%) was observed using Coelastrum exudates as bioflocculant of Scenedesmus sp., so Coelastrum exudates could act as a potential bioflocculant for other species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bárbara Úbeda
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, University of Cádiz, Avda. República Saharaui s/n, 11510 Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain
| | - José Ángel Gálvez
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, University of Cádiz, Avda. República Saharaui s/n, 11510 Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Mónica Michel
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, University of Cádiz, Avda. República Saharaui s/n, 11510 Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Ana Bartual
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, University of Cádiz, Avda. República Saharaui s/n, 11510 Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain.
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Du C, Zhang B, He Y, Hu C, Ng QX, Zhang H, Ong CN. Biological effect of aqueous C 60 aggregates on Scenedesmus obliquus revealed by transcriptomics and non-targeted metabolomics. J Hazard Mater 2017; 324:221-229. [PMID: 28340994 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2016.10.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2016] [Revised: 10/14/2016] [Accepted: 10/22/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
This work evaluated biological effect of nC60 on Scenedesmus obliquus. The cells were exposed to various concentrations of nC60 for 7days. Low-dose of nC60 was found to have a minor growth inhibitory effect. The transcriptomics and metabolomics were integrated to examine intricate molecular and cellular effects of nC60 on Scenedesmus obliquus. We found that Scenedesmus obliquus cells exposed to nC60 had several significant alterations in cellular transcription and biochemical processes. During the 7-day exposure to nC60, 2234 and 2,448 unigenes were differentially expressed by 0.1mg/L and 1mg/L nC60-treated groups compared with the control, including 2085 or 2247 up-regulated genes and 149 or 201 down-regulated genes, respectively. We successfully identified 22 metabolites, including 6 significantly changed metabolites, such as sucrose, d-glucose, and malic acid. The citrate cycle (TCA cycle) (ko00020) was the main target of both differentially expressed genes and metabolic change. However, accumulation of sucrose (end-product) could have induced feedback inhibition of photosynthesis in Scenedesmus obliquus, explaining the slight growth inhibition observed. The results provided a mechanistic understanding of the growth inhibition of nC60 toxicity. These genes and metabolites are useful biomarkers for future studies and offer new insights into the early detectable changes in Scenedesmus obliquus with nC60 exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunlei Du
- School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China.
| | - Yiliang He
- School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Chaoyang Hu
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Minghan District, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Qin Xiang Ng
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore
| | - Hui Zhang
- NUS Environmental Research Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore117597, Singapore
| | - Choon Nam Ong
- NUS Environmental Research Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore117597, Singapore
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