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Wang H, Yin B, Sun W, Geng H, Wang M, Li Y, Sun H, Yang X, Ni S. CO 2-Mediated Alkali-Neutralization Curdlan Hydrogels for Potential Wound Healing Application. Biomacromolecules 2024; 25:1738-1748. [PMID: 38340076 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.3c01233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Physical hydrogels of natural polysaccharides are considered as ideal candidates for wound dressing due to their natural biological activity and no harmful cross-linking agents. However, it remains a challenge to fabricate such hydrogel dressings in a facile and low-cost way. Herein, we reported an easy and cost-effective method to construct CO2-mediated alkali-neutralization Curdlan (CR) hydrogels without using an external cross-linking agent. Two types of hydrogels (denoted as CR-NaOH and CR-Na3PO4, respectively) were fabricated by dissolving CR powders in a NaOH or Na3PO4 aqueous solution, followed by keeping the CR alkaline solutions in air. The obtained pure CR hydrogels possessed a tunable porous structure with walls containing different forms of nanofibrils. These hydrogels exhibited much higher gel strength by comparison with the gels prepared by conventional heating treatment. They were flexible, stretchable, twistable, and conformable to arbitrarily curved skins. Moreover, they exhibited ideal swellability, proper degradability, and water vapor transmission rate, and their physicochemical properties were closely related to CR concentration in the alkaline solution. These two hydrogels also supported the growth of L929 cells. Importantly, studies on wound healing revealed that both 3CR-NaOH and 3CR-Na3PO4 hydrogels were capable of accelerating the wound healing process through recruiting more macrophages/fibroblasts, inducing more collagen deposition and neovascularization (α-SMA and CD31) without carrying any exogenous bioactive components. In conclusion, the present work not only reported promising materials for application in wound therapy but also offered a facile and safe manufacturing procedure for generating pure CR physical hydrogels with better performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Wang
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Nano-Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, College of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, P.R. China
| | - Bohao Yin
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 600 YiShan Road, Shanghai 200233, P. R. China
| | - Wenjun Sun
- Shanghai Xuhui District Dental Center, Shanghai 200030, P. R. China
| | - Huanna Geng
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Nano-Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, College of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, P.R. China
| | - Mingyue Wang
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Nano-Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, College of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, P.R. China
| | - Yahui Li
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Nano-Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, College of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, P.R. China
| | - Hui Sun
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 600 YiShan Road, Shanghai 200233, P. R. China
| | - Xuexia Yang
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Nano-Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, College of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, P.R. China
| | - Siyu Ni
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Nano-Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, College of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, P.R. China
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Liu R, Klück V, Kischkel B, Tercan H, Netea MG, Crişan TO, Joosten LAB. Soluble urate-induced effects on cytokine production in vitro - Assessment of methodologies and cell types. Cytokine 2024; 175:156502. [PMID: 38237388 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2024.156502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/29/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hyperuricemia has been shown to be an inducer of pro-inflammatory mediators by human primary monocytes. To study the deleterious effects of hyperuricemia, a reliable and stable in vitro model using soluble urate is needed. One recent report showed different urate-dissolving methods resulted in either pro-inflammatory or anti-inflammatory properties. The aim of this study was to compare the effect of two methods of dissolving urate on both primary human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and THP-1 cells. The two methods tested were 'pre-warming' and 'dissolving with NaOH'. METHODS Primary human PBMCs and THP-1 cells were exposed to urate solutions, prepared using the two methodologies: pre-warming and dissolving with NaOH. Afterwards, cells were stimulated with various stimuli, followed by the measurement of the inflammatory mediators IL-1β, IL-6, IL-1Ra, TNF, IL-8, and MCP-1. RESULTS In PBMCs, we observed an overall pro-inflammatory effect of urate, both in the pre-warming and the NaOH dissolving method. A similar pro-inflammatory effect was seen in THP-1 cells for both dissolving methods after restimulation. However, THP-1 cells exhibited pro-inflammatory profile with exposure to urate alone without restimulation. We did not find MSU crystals in our cellular assays. CONCLUSIONS Overall, the urate dissolving methods do not have critical impact on its inflammatory properties. Soluble urate prepared using either of the two methods showed mostly pro-inflammatory effects on human primary PBMCs and monocytic cell line THP-1. However, human primary PBMCs and the THP-1 differ in their response to soluble urate without restimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiqi Liu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Viola Klück
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Brenda Kischkel
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Helin Tercan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Mihai G Netea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Immunology and Metabolism, Life and Medical Sciences Institute (LIMES), University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Tania O Crişan
- Department of Medical Genetics, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Leo A B Joosten
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Medical Genetics, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
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Chen Y, Yang D, Tang W, Ma C, He YC. Improved enzymatic saccharification of bulrush via an efficient combination pretreatment. Bioresour Technol 2023; 385:129369. [PMID: 37343793 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.129369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
Glycerol (Gly) was selected as hydrogen-bond-donor for preparing ChCl-based DES (ChCl:Gly), and the mixture of ChCl:Gly (20 wt%) and NaOH (4 wt%) was utilized for combination pretreatment of bulrush at 100 °C for 60 min (severity factor LogRo = 1.78). The effects of DES pretreatment on the chemical composition, microstructure, crystal structure, and cellulase hydrolysis were explored. NaOH-ChCl:Gly could remove lignin (80.1%) and xylan (66.8%), and the enzymatic digestibility of cellulose reached 87.9%. The accessibility of bulrush was apparently increased to 645.2 mg/g after NaOH-ChCl:Gly pretreatment. The hydrophobicity and lignin surface area were reduced to 1.56 L/g and 417 m2/g, respectively. The crystallinity of cellulose was increased from 20.8% to 55.6%, and great changes in surface morphology were observed, which explained the improvement of enzymatic hydrolysis efficiency. Overall, DES combined with alkali treatment could effectively promote the removal of lignin and xylan in bulrush, thus the relative saccharification activity was greatly affected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Chen
- School of Pharmacy & School of Biological and Food Engineering, National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biomass Refining and High-Quality Utilization, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, PR China
| | - Dong Yang
- School of Pharmacy & School of Biological and Food Engineering, National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biomass Refining and High-Quality Utilization, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, PR China
| | - Wei Tang
- School of Pharmacy & School of Biological and Food Engineering, National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biomass Refining and High-Quality Utilization, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, PR China
| | - Cuiluan Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Lifes, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, PR China
| | - Yu-Cai He
- School of Pharmacy & School of Biological and Food Engineering, National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biomass Refining and High-Quality Utilization, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Lifes, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, PR China.
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Suderman RJ, Gibson SD, Strecker M, Bonner AM, Chao DM. Protein engineering of a nanoCLAMP antibody mimetic scaffold as a platform for producing bioprocess-compatible affinity capture ligands. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:104910. [PMID: 37315789 PMCID: PMC10404686 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.104910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein A affinity chromatography is widely used for the large-scale purification of antibodies because of its high yield, selectivity, and compatibility with NaOH sanitation. A general platform to produce robust affinity capture ligands for proteins beyond antibodies would improve bioprocessing efficiency. We previously developed nanoCLAMPs (nano Clostridial Antibody Mimetic Proteins), a class of antibody mimetic proteins useful as lab-scale affinity capture reagents. This work describes a protein engineering campaign to develop a more robust nanoCLAMP scaffold compatible with harsh bioprocessing conditions. The campaign generated an improved scaffold with dramatically improved resistance to heat, proteases, and NaOH. To isolate additional nanoCLAMPs based on this scaffold, we constructed a randomized library of 1 × 1010 clones and isolated binders to several targets. We then performed an in-depth characterization of nanoCLAMPs recognizing yeast SUMO, a fusion partner used for the purification of recombinant proteins. These second-generation nanoCLAMPs typically had a Kd of <80 nM, a Tm of >70 °C, and a t1/2 in 0.1 mg/ml trypsin of >20 h. Affinity chromatography resins bearing these next-generation nanoCLAMPs enabled single-step purifications of SUMO fusions. Bound target proteins could be eluted at neutral or acidic pH. These affinity resins maintained binding capacity and selectivity over 20 purification cycles, each including 10 min of cleaning-in-place with 0.1 M NaOH, and remained functional after exposure to 100% DMF and autoclaving. The improved nanoCLAMP scaffold will enable the development of robust, high-performance affinity chromatography resins against a wide range of protein targets.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shane D Gibson
- Nectagen, Inc, Kansas City, Kansas, USA; University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Mary Strecker
- Nectagen, Inc, Kansas City, Kansas, USA; Two Dot Consulting, Arvada, Colorado, USA
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Sharma L, Alam NM, Roy S, Satya P, Kar G, Ghosh S, Goswami T, Majumdar B. Optimization of alkali pretreatment and enzymatic saccharification of jute (Corchorus olitorius L.) biomass using response surface methodology. Bioresour Technol 2023; 368:128318. [PMID: 36375701 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.128318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Reduction of inherent structural recalcitrance and improved saccharification efficiency are two important facets to enhance fermentable sugar yield for bioethanol production from lignocellulosic biomass. This study optimized alkaline pretreatment and saccharification conditions employing response surface methodology to improve saccharification yield of jute (Corchorus olitorius cv. JROB-2) biomass. The biomass is composed of cellulose (66.6 %), lignin (19.4 %) and hemicellulose (13.1 %). NaOH concentration exhibited significant effect on delignification during pretreatment. The highest delignification (80.42 %) was obtained by pretreatment with 2.47 % NaOH at 55.8 °C for 5.9 h removing 79.8 % lignin and 34.2 % hemicellulose from biomass, thereby increasing cell wall porosity and allowing better accessibility to saccharification enzyme. During saccharification optimization, significant effect was observed for biomass loading, enzyme concentration and temperature. Optimized saccharification condition yielded maximum saccharification (76.48 %) when hydrolysis was performed at 6.9 % biomass loading with enzyme concentration of 49.52 FPU/g substrate at 51.05 °C for 74.46 h.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laxmi Sharma
- ICAR-Central Research Institute for Jute and Allied Fibres, Barrackpore, Kolkata 700121, India.
| | - Nurnabi Meherul Alam
- ICAR-Central Research Institute for Jute and Allied Fibres, Barrackpore, Kolkata 700121, India
| | - Suman Roy
- ICAR-Central Research Institute for Jute and Allied Fibres, Barrackpore, Kolkata 700121, India
| | - Pratik Satya
- ICAR-Central Research Institute for Jute and Allied Fibres, Barrackpore, Kolkata 700121, India
| | - Gouranga Kar
- ICAR-Central Research Institute for Jute and Allied Fibres, Barrackpore, Kolkata 700121, India
| | - Subhojit Ghosh
- ICAR-Central Research Institute for Jute and Allied Fibres, Barrackpore, Kolkata 700121, India
| | - Tinku Goswami
- ICAR-Central Research Institute for Jute and Allied Fibres, Barrackpore, Kolkata 700121, India
| | - Bijan Majumdar
- ICAR-Central Research Institute for Jute and Allied Fibres, Barrackpore, Kolkata 700121, India
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Xu C, Li J, Zhang X, Wang P, Deng B, Liu N, Yuan Q. Effects of segmented aerobic and anaerobic fermentation assisted with chemical treatment on comprehensive properties and composition of wheat straw. Bioresour Technol 2022; 362:127772. [PMID: 35964920 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.127772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Revised: 08/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Traditional aerobic composting used for straw treatment shows limited regulation effects and unstable properties, and it is necessary to introduce some co-processing methods to optimize its performance. Herein, segmented aerobic/anaerobic fermentation, combined with chemical treatment with wood vinegar/NaOH, was used to treat wheat straw. The results showed that anaerobic fermentation when used as the first stage could stabilize the wheat straw pH between 5.19 and 6.13 and improve nutrient contents. All treatments had greater effects on substrate aeration porosities (range of 14%) than on total porosity (range of 6%), and the water-holding porosities were improved to a greater extent by NaOH than by wood vinegar. The hemicellulose degradation rate of aerobic-anaerobic treatment was higher than that achieved with anaerobic-aerobic treatment, while the latter method was more effective at removing the neutral detergent-soluble as well as remaining organic matter, which was generated due to a higher KCl content in the ash.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Xu
- College of Engineering, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Key Laboratory of Agricultural Equipment in Mid-lower Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan 430070, China; Technology & Equipment Center for Carbon Neutrality in Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 23, DK-1958 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Jun Li
- College of Engineering, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Key Laboratory of Agricultural Equipment in Mid-lower Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan 430070, China; Technology & Equipment Center for Carbon Neutrality in Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- College of Engineering, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Key Laboratory of Agricultural Equipment in Mid-lower Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan 430070, China; Technology & Equipment Center for Carbon Neutrality in Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Panpan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Recycling and Eco-treatment of Waste Biomass of Zhejiang Province, School of Environmental and Natural Resources, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou 310023, Zhejiang, China
| | - Bo Deng
- College of Engineering, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Key Laboratory of Agricultural Equipment in Mid-lower Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan 430070, China; Technology & Equipment Center for Carbon Neutrality in Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Nian Liu
- College of Engineering, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Key Laboratory of Agricultural Equipment in Mid-lower Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan 430070, China; Technology & Equipment Center for Carbon Neutrality in Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Qiaoxia Yuan
- College of Engineering, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Key Laboratory of Agricultural Equipment in Mid-lower Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan 430070, China; Technology & Equipment Center for Carbon Neutrality in Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
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Khoshdel AR, Emami Aleagha O, Shahriary A, Aghamollaei H, Najjar Asiabani F. Topical Effects of N-Acetyl Cysteine and Doxycycline on Inflammatory and Angiogenic Factors in the Rat Model of Alkali-Burned Cornea. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2022; 42:82-89. [PMID: 35029525 DOI: 10.1089/jir.2021.0150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to analyze the single and combined effects of N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) and doxycycline (Dox) on the inflammatory and angiogenic factors in the rat model of alkali-burned cornea. Rats were treated with a single and combined 0.5% NAC and 12.5 μg/mL Dox eye drops and evaluated on days 3, 7, and 28. In the corneas of various groups, the activity of Catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) enzymes was assessed. The expression of inflammatory factors (TNF-α, Rel-a, and CXCL-1) and angiogenic factors (VEGF-a, MMP2, and MMP9) was measured using real-time polymerase chain reaction. The antioxidant enzyme activities decreased substantially 3 days after injury with sodium hydroxide (NaOH). NAC and combined NAC+ Dox topical treatments increased the SOD enzyme activity on day 28 (P < 0.05). The expression of TNF-α and Rel-a genes following single and combined treatment of NAC and Dox decreased significantly on days 7 and 28 (P < 0.05). The mRNA level of angiogenic factors and corneal neovascularization (CNV) level declined in NaOH-injured rats treated with Dox (P < 0.05). The topical treatment of Dox could attenuate inflammation and CNV complications. However, NAC treatment may not reduce the expression of angiogenic genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Reza Khoshdel
- Modern Epidemiology Research Center, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Omid Emami Aleagha
- Modern Epidemiology Research Center, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Shahriary
- Chemical Injuries Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Aghamollaei
- Applied Virology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Chaturvedi R, Long EC. Mechanistic studies of dinucleotide and oligonucleotide model cyclobutane pyrimidine dimer (CPD) DNA lesions under alkaline conditions. Bioorg Med Chem 2021; 54:116499. [PMID: 34922308 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2021.116499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPDs) are the most abundant mutagenic DNA lesions formed in mammalian cells upon exposure to UV-B radiation (280-315 nm) in sunlight. These lesions are thought to be chemically stable and to withstand high concentrations of acids and bases.While earlier investigations of DNA lesions containing saturated pyrimidines have shown that the C4 carbonyl is a potential target of nucleophilic attack, similar reactions with thymine nucleobase model CPDs clearly showed that the cis-syn CPD (major isomer) is stable in the presence of a high concentration of alkali at room temperature. Here is described the alkaline reactivity of these lesions when contained within a dinucleotide CPD model system. Results using cis-syn CPD formed from dinucleotide 5'-TpT-3' combined with [18O]-labelling indicated that CPD undergoes a water addition at the C4=O groups of these now saturated rings. The intermediate formed, however, completely reverts to the starting lesion. Along with confirming the target of water addition within CPD lesions, it was also determined that the two C4 carbonyls present on adjacent saturated pyrimidine rings of the photolesion undergo water exchange at different rates (3' > 5'). Moreover, the difference in reactivity exhibited by these two positions is not limited to a dinucleotide and was observed also in oligonucleotides. Overall, a full understanding of the chemistry of CPD lesions is crucial to our knowledge of naturally-occuring DNA modifications and may lead to further insight into their detection, modification, and biochemical recognition & repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritu Chaturvedi
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI), 402 N. Blackford St., Indianapolis, IN 46202, United States.
| | - Eric C Long
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI), 402 N. Blackford St., Indianapolis, IN 46202, United States.
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He H, An F, Wang Y, Wu W, Huang Z, Song H. Effects of pretreatment, NaOH concentration, and extraction temperature on the cellulose from Lophatherum gracile Brongn. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 190:810-818. [PMID: 34530035 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.09.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Lophatherum gracile Brongn. (LGB), a homology material of medicine and food, has plentiful cellulose. Aiming to investigate the physiochemical characteristic differences of LGB cellulose extracted by various pretreatment methods and extraction conditions, the effect of dry crushing and wet beating, and the alkaline solution concentration and temperature were compared. Results showed that the extracted cellulose after dry crushing pretreatment had higher purity and lower non-cellulosic components such as hemicellulose, lignin and ash than those obtained by wet beating pretreatment. Furthermore, the impurities were more thoroughly removed by the alkaline solution at high concentration and temperature. Structural characterization revealed that the cellulose obtained by wet beating pretreatment had more fibrillation and smaller particle size, while destroyed crystallinity resulting in bad thermal stability. The alkaline solution temperature had no effect on the morphology and particle size, but high alkaline solution temperature (90 °C) improved crystallinity and thermal stability. Furtherly, the cellulose II produced by at high alkaline solution concentration (18 wt%) exhibited denser surface, smaller particle size and higher thermal stability than the cellulose I extracted at low alkaline solution concentration (4 wt%). Especially, the crystallinity of cellulose II was higher than that of cellulose I with dry crushing pretreatment, while the cellulose obtained by wet beating displayed an opposite trend. Hydration properties indicated that the water holding capacity, oil binding capacity and swelling capacity of the cellulose pretreated by dry crushing were higher than those of the cellulose pretreated by wet beating, and the cellulose I exhibited higher hydration properties compared to the cellulose II, which may depend on its loose network structure. This study suggested that dry crushing pretreatment and high alkaline solution temperature could effectively improve functional properties of LGB cellulose I and II, which promoted its use in food applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong He
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, PR China
| | - Fengping An
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, PR China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Quality Science and Processing Technology in Special Starch, Fuzhou, Fujian, PR China
| | - Yiwei Wang
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, PR China
| | - Wanying Wu
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, PR China
| | - Zhiwei Huang
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, PR China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Quality Science and Processing Technology in Special Starch, Fuzhou, Fujian, PR China.
| | - Hongbo Song
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, PR China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Quality Science and Processing Technology in Special Starch, Fuzhou, Fujian, PR China.
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Vilaseca F, Serra-Parareda F, Espinosa E, Rodríguez A, Mutjé P, Delgado-Aguilar M. Valorization of Hemp Core Residues: Impact of NaOH Treatment on the Flexural Strength of PP Composites and Intrinsic Flexural Strength of Hemp Core Fibers. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10060823. [PMID: 32471275 PMCID: PMC7356019 DOI: 10.3390/biom10060823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Hemp core is a lignocellulosic residue in the production chain of hemp strands. Huge amounts of hemp core are gathered annually in Europe (43,000 tons) with no major application end. Such lignocellulosic wastes have potential as filling or reinforcing material to replace synthetic fibers and wood fibers in polymer composites. In this study, hemp core biomass was treated under different NaOH concentrations and then defibrated by means of Sprout Waldron equipment to obtain single fibers. Polypropylene matrix was reinforced up to 50 wt.% and the resulting hemp core fibers and the flexural properties were investigated. The results show that the flexural strength of composites increased with the intensity of NaOH treatment. The effect of NaOH was attributed to the removal of extractives and lignin in the fiber cell wall leading to improved interfacial adhesion characteristics. Besides, a methodology was established for the estimation of the intrinsic flexural strength of hemp core fibers. The intrinsic flexural strength of hemp core fibers was calculated to be 940 MPa for fibers treated at 10 wt.% of NaOH. In addition, a relationship between the lignin content and the intrinsic strength of the fibers was established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiola Vilaseca
- Advanced Biomaterials and Nanotechnology, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Girona, 17003 Girona, Spain;
- Department of Industrial and Materials Science, Chalmers University of Technology, SE 412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ferran Serra-Parareda
- LEPAMAP Research Group, University of Girona, Maria Aurèlia Capmany, 61, 17003 Girona, Spain; (F.S.-P.); (P.M.); (M.D.-A.)
| | - Eduardo Espinosa
- Chemical Engineering Department, Bioagres Group, Faculty of Science, Universidad de Córdoba, Building Marie-Curie, Campus of Rabanales, 14071 Cordoba, Spain;
| | - Alejandro Rodríguez
- Chemical Engineering Department, Bioagres Group, Faculty of Science, Universidad de Córdoba, Building Marie-Curie, Campus of Rabanales, 14071 Cordoba, Spain;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-957212274
| | - Pere Mutjé
- LEPAMAP Research Group, University of Girona, Maria Aurèlia Capmany, 61, 17003 Girona, Spain; (F.S.-P.); (P.M.); (M.D.-A.)
- Chair on Sustainable Industrial Processes, University of Girona, Maria Aurèlia Capmany, 61, 17003 Girona, Spain
| | - Marc Delgado-Aguilar
- LEPAMAP Research Group, University of Girona, Maria Aurèlia Capmany, 61, 17003 Girona, Spain; (F.S.-P.); (P.M.); (M.D.-A.)
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11
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Lv P, Zhu L, Yu Y, Wang W, Liu G, Lu H. Effect of NaOH concentration on antibacterial activities of Cu nanoparticles and the antibacterial mechanism. Mater Sci Eng C Mater Biol Appl 2020; 110:110669. [PMID: 32204097 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2020.110669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Revised: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A series of Cu nanoparticles (NPs) have been prepared by a facile hydrothermal method at 180 °C using different concentrations of NaOH solutions and characterized by XRD, SEM, TEM and FT-IR spectra. Their antibacterial activities were assessed by means of Gram-positive S. aureus and Gram-negative E. coli bacteria, where various dosages (3, 5, 7, 10 mg) of the antibacterial agents were applied, and compared with that of the commercial CuSO4 salt. The antibacterial mechanism was explored based on series of control experiments. The results show that the NaOH concentration affects the crystallinity, crystal size and surface hydroxyl content of the Cu NPs, which significantly influence the antibacterial activities. Compared to the commercial CuSO4 salt, the four Cu samples prepared using no <4 mol L-1 of NaOH display excellent antibacterial activities with low concentrations of copper leachates, which is great beneficial to the practical applications. The experimental results support that the highly reactive and soluble copper species in the antibacterial system of the Cu NPs is a Cu (II)-peptide complex, but not free Cu2+ ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengzhao Lv
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Organic Solar Cells and Photochemical Conversion, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, PR China
| | - Lianjie Zhu
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Organic Solar Cells and Photochemical Conversion, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, PR China.
| | - Yanmiao Yu
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Organic Solar Cells and Photochemical Conversion, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, PR China
| | - Wenwen Wang
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Organic Solar Cells and Photochemical Conversion, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, PR China
| | - Guokai Liu
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Organic Solar Cells and Photochemical Conversion, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, PR China
| | - Hongguang Lu
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Organic Solar Cells and Photochemical Conversion, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, PR China.
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12
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Antonopoulou G, Vayenas D, Lyberatos G. Biogas Production from Physicochemically Pretreated Grass Lawn Waste: Comparison of Different Process Schemes. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25020296. [PMID: 31940836 PMCID: PMC7024254 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25020296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2019] [Revised: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Various pretreatment methods, such as thermal, alkaline and acid, were applied on grass lawn (GL) waste and the effect of each pretreatment method on the Biochemical Methane Potential was evaluated for two options, namely using the whole slurry resulting from pretreatment or the separate solid and liquid fractions obtained. In addition, the effect of each pretreatment on carbohydrate solubilization and lignocellulossic content fractionation (to cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin) was also evaluated. The experimental results showed that the methane yield was enhanced with alkaline pretreatment and, the higher the NaOH concentration (20 g/100 gTotal Solids (TS)), the higher was the methane yield observed (427.07 L CH4/kg Volatile Solids (VS), which was almost 25.7% higher than the BMP of the untreated GL). Comparing the BMP obtained under the two options, i.e., that of the whole pretreatment slurry with the sum of the BMPs of both fractions, it was found that direct anaerobic digestion without separation of the pretreated biomass was favored, in almost all cases. A preliminary energy balance and economic assessment indicated that the process could be sustainable, leading to a positive net heat energy only when using a more concentrated pretreated slurry (i.e., 20% organic loading), or when applying NaOH pretreatment at a lower chemical loading.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgia Antonopoulou
- Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences, Stadiou, Platani, GR 26504 Patras, Greece; (D.V.); (G.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +30-26-1096-5318
| | - Dimitrios Vayenas
- Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences, Stadiou, Platani, GR 26504 Patras, Greece; (D.V.); (G.L.)
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Patras, GR 26500 Patras, Greece
| | - Gerasimos Lyberatos
- Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences, Stadiou, Platani, GR 26504 Patras, Greece; (D.V.); (G.L.)
- School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, GR 15780 Athens, Greece
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13
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Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of pH conditioners on tooth bleaching using hematoporphirin-stained paper and artificially discolored bovine tooth model. Experimental bleaching gels containing 23% hydrogen peroxide, adjusting pH 7.0 by different pH conditioners (NaOH, NaHCO3, Na2CO3, KOH, KHCO3, and K2CO3), were prepared. Each bleaching gel was applied on a hematoporphirin-stained paper, and the light was exposed for 5 min. Before and after bleaching, color was measured and color difference was calculated. Artificially discolored bovine tooth samples were prepared and bleached by four experimental bleaching gels containing NaOH, NaHCO3, Na2CO3, or KHCO3. The bleaching time was 10 min with light exposure, and bleaching was repeated 10 times. The color of bleached surface was measured at each bleaching period, and color difference was calculated. In the experiment using hematoporphirin-stained paper, degrees of color difference were KHCO3 > NaHCO3 > KOH > NaOH > Na2CO3 ≥ K2CO3. In the experiment using bovine teeth, degrees of color difference were KHCO3 > NaHCO3 > NaOH > Na2CO3. It was concluded that the bleaching materials with same pH and different pH conditioners showed different bleaching effects and that both cation and anion in the pH conditioners affected bleaching effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Ito
- Cariology and Operative Dentistry, Department of Restorative Sciences, Graduate School of Medical and Dental SciencesTokyo Medical and Dental UniversityTokyoJapan
| | - Masayuki Otsuki
- Cariology and Operative Dentistry, Department of Restorative Sciences, Graduate School of Medical and Dental SciencesTokyo Medical and Dental UniversityTokyoJapan
| | - Junji Tagami
- Cariology and Operative Dentistry, Department of Restorative Sciences, Graduate School of Medical and Dental SciencesTokyo Medical and Dental UniversityTokyoJapan
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Xu H, Che X, Ding Y, Kong Y, Li B, Tian W. Effect of crystallinity on pretreatment and enzymatic hydrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass based on multivariate analysis. Bioresour Technol 2019; 279:271-280. [PMID: 30738353 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.12.096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2018] [Revised: 12/24/2018] [Accepted: 12/26/2018] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
In this work, multivariate data analysis was employed to correlate variables of pretreatment process of lignocellulosic biomass. Principal component analysis and partial least square methods were performed to get the inner-relationship and data interpretation between the crystallinity and other parameters of mechanical refining-assisted sodium hydroxide pretreatment followed by enzymatic saccharification of corn stover. The PCA and PLS models showed that Sodium hydroxide dosage, mechanical refining treatment, lignin removal rate and crystallinity had close inner-related relationship with the efficiency of pretreatment and enzymolysis. Alkaline reaction and mechanical refining treatment had strong influence on the crystallinity. Multivariate data analysis revealed that pretreated corn stover samples with lower crystallinity were more easily hydrolyzed by enzyme and could get more final reducing sugar. This work could offer a new methodology to get further understanding of effect of crystallinity on the crop residue lignocellulosic biomass conversion process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanfei Xu
- College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, PR China; CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-based Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, PR China; PCC & Laboratory of Wood and Paper Chemistry, Ǻbo Akademi University, Turku FI-20500, Finland; state Key Laboratory Base for Eco-Chemical Engineering in College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, PR China.
| | - Xinpeng Che
- College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, PR China; CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-based Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, PR China; state Key Laboratory Base for Eco-Chemical Engineering in College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, PR China
| | - Yu Ding
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, PR China
| | - Yi Kong
- College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, PR China; state Key Laboratory Base for Eco-Chemical Engineering in College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, PR China
| | - Bin Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-based Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, PR China
| | - Wende Tian
- College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, PR China; state Key Laboratory Base for Eco-Chemical Engineering in College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, PR China
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15
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Palanisamy N, Seale B, Turner A, Hemar Y. Low frequency ultrasound inactivation of thermophilic bacilli (Geobacillus spp. and Anoxybacillus flavithermus) in the presence of sodium hydroxide and hydrogen peroxide. Ultrason Sonochem 2019; 51:325-331. [PMID: 30322767 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2018.09.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2018] [Revised: 08/27/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The vegetative cells and spores of Geobacillus spp. and Anoxybacillus flavithermus were subjected to 20 kHz ultrasound with a power ∼8 W. Ultrasonication had considerable effect on vegetative cells (5-log reduction in Geobacillus spp. and 1.6-log reduction in A.flavithermus). TEM imaging of the ultrasonicated vegetative cells showed an extensive damage both internally and externally. However, spores showed high resistance towards ultrasound treatment in the absence of NaOH and H2O2, although the outer layers such as the exosporium and the outer coat layer were disrupted, resulting in the reduced resistance of spores towards sonication. The combination of 0.12 M NaOH and 10 min ultrasonication inactivated 6 log spores of Geobacillus spp. A 7 log spore reduction of A.flavithermus was achieved by combining 0.17 M NaOH with 10 min ultrasonication. Ultrasonication combined with 1% H2O2 inactivated ∼7 log Geobacillus spp. spores in 6 min and ∼7 log A.flavithermus spores in 3 min. These ultrasound treatments in the presence of NaOH and H2O2 are synergistic as they showed a greater spore reduction when compared to NaOH combined with high temperature (85 °C), where only 1 and 3 log reduction was achieved in Geobacillus spp. and A.flavithermus spores, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nandhini Palanisamy
- School of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Brent Seale
- School of Sciences, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland 1010, New Zealand.
| | - Adrian Turner
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Yacine Hemar
- School of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand; The Riddet Institute, Palmerston North, New Zealand
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16
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Toledano M, Osorio R, Pérez-Álvarez MC, Osorio E, Lynch CD, Toledano-Osorio M. A zinc-doped endodontic cement facilitates functional mineralization and stress dissipation at the dentin surface. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal 2018; 23:e646-e655. [PMID: 30341273 PMCID: PMC6260998 DOI: 10.4317/medoral.22751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to evaluate nanohardness and viscoelastic behavior of dentin surfaces treated with two canal sealer cements for dentin remineralization. MATERIAL AND METHODS Dentin surfaces were subjected to: i) 37% phosphoric acid (PA) or ii) 0.5 M ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) conditioning prior to the application of two experimental hydroxyapatite-based cements, containing sodium hydroxide (calcypatite) or zinc oxide (oxipatite), respectively. Samples were stored in simulated body fluid during 24 h or 21 d. The intertubular and peritubular dentin were evaluated using a nanoindenter to assess nanohardness (Hi). The load/displacement responses were used for the nano-dynamic mechanical analysis to estimate complex modulus (E*) and tan delta (δ). The modulus mapping was obtained by imposing a quasistatic force setpoint to which a sinusoidal force was superimposed. AFM imaging and FESEM analysis were performed. RESULTS After 21 d of storage, dentin surfaces treated with EDTA+calcypatite, PA+calcypatite and EDTA+oxipatite showed viscoelastic discrepancies between peritubular and intertubular dentin, meaning a risk for cracking and breakdown of the surface. At both 24 h and 21 d, tan δ values at intertubular dentin treated with the four treatments performed similar. At 21 d time point, intertubular dentin treated with PA+oxipatite achieved the highest complex modulus and nanohardness, i.e., highest resistance to deformation and functional mineralization, among groups. CONCLUSIONS Intertubular and peritubular dentin treated with PA+oxipatite showed similar values of tan δ after 21 d of storage. This produced a favorable dissipation of energy with minimal energy concentration, preserving the structural integrity at the dentin surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Toledano
- University of Granada, Faculty of Dentistry, Dental Materials Section, Colegio Máximo de Cartuja s/n, 18071 - Granada - Spain,
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Scherer MD, Filho FJCM, Oliveira AC, Selesu NFH, Ugaya CML, Mariano AB, Vargas JVC. Environmental evaluation of flocculation efficiency in the separation of the microalgal biomass of Scenedesmus sp. cultivated in full-scale photobioreactors. J Environ Sci Health A Tox Hazard Subst Environ Eng 2018; 53:938-945. [PMID: 29764286 DOI: 10.1080/10934529.2018.1470961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In this paper the environmental evaluation of the separation process of the microalgal biomass Scenedesmus sp. from full-scale photobioreactors was carried out at the Research and Development Nucleus for Sustainable Energy (NPDEAS), with different flocculants (iron sulfate - FeCl3, sodium hydroxide - NaOH, calcium hydroxide - Ca(OH)2 and aluminum sulphate Al2(SO4)3, by means of the life cycle assessment (LCA) methodology, using the SimaPro 7.3 software. Furthermore, the flocculation efficiency by means of optical density (OD) was also evaluated. The results indicated that FeCl3 and Al2(SO4)3 were highly effective for the recovery of microalgal biomass, greater than 95%. Though, when FeCl3 was used, there was an immediate change in color to the biomass after the orange colored salt was added, typical with the presence of iron, which may compromise the biomass use according to its purpose and Al2(SO4)3 is associated with the occurrence of Alzheimer's disease, restricting the application of biomass recovered through this process for nutritional purposes, for example. Therefore, it was observed that sodium hydroxide is an efficient flocculant, promoting recovery around 93.5% for the ideal concentration of 144 mg per liter. It had the best environmental profile among the compared flocculant agents, since it did not cause visible changes in the biomass or compromise its use and had less impact in relation to acidification, eutrophication, global warming and human toxicity, among others. Thus, the results indicate that it is important to consider both flocculation efficiency aspects and environmental impacts to identify the best flocculants on an industrial scale, to optimize the process, with lower amount of flocculant and obtain the maximum biomass recovery and decrease the impact on the extraction, production, treatment and reuse of these chemical compounds to the environment. However, more studies are needed in order to evaluate energy efficiency of the process coupled with other microalgal biomass recovery technologies. In addition, studies with natural flocculants, other polymers and changes in pH are also needed, as these are produced in a more sustainable way than synthetic organic polymers and have the potential to generate a biomass free of undesirable contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marisa D Scherer
- a Federal University of Paraná, Av. Coronel Francisco Heráclito dos Santos , Curitiba , Paraná , Brazil
| | | | - Amanda C Oliveira
- a Federal University of Paraná, Av. Coronel Francisco Heráclito dos Santos , Curitiba , Paraná , Brazil
| | - Nelson F H Selesu
- a Federal University of Paraná, Av. Coronel Francisco Heráclito dos Santos , Curitiba , Paraná , Brazil
| | - Cássia M L Ugaya
- c Federal Technological University of Paraná , Curitiba , Paraná , Brazil
| | - André B Mariano
- a Federal University of Paraná, Av. Coronel Francisco Heráclito dos Santos , Curitiba , Paraná , Brazil
| | - José V C Vargas
- a Federal University of Paraná, Av. Coronel Francisco Heráclito dos Santos , Curitiba , Paraná , Brazil
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18
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Zhou J, Jiang YH, Li WH, Liu XY. Comparison and analysis of several wet scrubbing solutions to remove methyl mercaptan. J Environ Sci Health A Tox Hazard Subst Environ Eng 2018; 53:819-824. [PMID: 29624480 DOI: 10.1080/10934529.2018.1455340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Wet scrubbing is regarded as an effective method to remove hydrophobic organic odorants. The focus of wet scrubbing is to choose an appropriate scrubbing liquid. In this study, methyl mercaptan (CH3SH) was selected as a representative hydrophobic organic odorant for treatment by wet scrubbing using several types of scrubbing solution: ethanol (C2H5OH), lead acetate ((CH3COO)2Pb), sodium hypochlorite (NaClO), and sodium hydroxide (NaOH). A comparative analysis of the treatment efficiency, operation cost, and environmental impact was conducted. Results of the technical and economic comparison indicate that the C2H5OH solution is the best choice of scrubbing solution among those tested. These findings serve as a reference for engineering design and operation for the removal of hydrophobic organic odorants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zhou
- a Department of Municipal Engineering , School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Wuhan University of Technology , Wuhan , China
- b Department of Water Science and Engineering , School of Municipal and Mapping Engineering, Hunan City University , Yiyang , China
| | - Ying H Jiang
- a Department of Municipal Engineering , School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Wuhan University of Technology , Wuhan , China
| | - Wen H Li
- a Department of Municipal Engineering , School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Wuhan University of Technology , Wuhan , China
- c Henan Civil Aviation Development and Investment Co. Ltd , Zhengzhou , China
| | - Xiao Y Liu
- a Department of Municipal Engineering , School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Wuhan University of Technology , Wuhan , China
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Gonzalez-Rivas PA, DiGiacomo K, Giraldo PA, Leury BJ, Cottrell JJ, Dunshea FR. Reducing rumen starch fermentation of wheat with three percent sodium hydroxide has the potential to ameliorate the effect of heat stress in grain-fed wethers. J Anim Sci 2018; 95:5547-5562. [PMID: 29293755 DOI: 10.2527/jas2017.1843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Selection for high productivity has resulted in ruminants adversely affected by heat stress (HS) due to their high metabolic rate and feed intake. One mechanism to ameliorate HS is to reduce the forage-to-concentrate ratio in the diet, although the inclusion of readily fermentable grains can reduce heat tolerance. The aim of these experiments was to investigate a chemical method for reducing the rate of fermentation of wheat and its effect on improving heat tolerance in sheep. In the first experiment, fermentation kinetics and buffered rumen fluid pH variation during in vitro incubation of corn, wheat, and 3% NaOH-treated wheat grains were compared. This experiment showed that corn and 3% NaOH-treated wheat had a slower (-23 and -22%, respectively; < 0.001) rate of gas production and elevated buffered rumen fluid pH ( < 0.001) compared with wheat. In the second experiment, 31 Merino × Poll Dorset wethers were housed in 2 climate-controlled rooms and were fed either corn grain plus forage (42.7% starch; were fed either corn grain plus forage (CD), wheat grain plus forage (WD) or 3 % NaOH-treated wheat plus forage (TWD) during 3 experimental periods: period 1 (P1), which consisted of 7 d of thermoneutral conditions (18 to 21°C and 40 to 50% relative humidity) and 1.7 times maintenance feed intake; period 2 (P2), which consisted of 7 d of HS (28 to 38°C and 30 to 50% relative humidity) and the same feed intake as in P1; and period 3 (P3), which consisted of 7 d of HS as in P2 and 2 times maintenance feed intake in a randomized control experiment. Water was offered ad libitum. The impact of HS was quantified by increases in rectal temperature, respiration rate (RR), and flank skin temperature (FT); variations in blood acid-base balance; and glucose, NEFA, and heat shock protein 70 (HSP-70) plasma concentrations. All physiological variables were elevated during HS, especially when wethers had greater feed intake (P3). Wethers fed CD had lower RR, rectal temperature, and FT than wethers fed WD ( < 0.001) and wethers fed TWD had lower RR and FT than wethers fed WD during HS ( < 0.05). There were reductions in blood CO, HCO3, and base excess concurrent with increases in blood partial pressure of O and pH during HS ( < 0.05). Heat stress reduced plasma NEFA and glucose concentrations whereas it increased prolactin ( < 0.05). Prolactin and HSP-70 plasma concentrations were greater for WD-fed wethers ( < 0.001) associated with Prolactin and HSP-70 plasma concentrations were greater for WD fed wethers (P < 0.001) during HS. These data indicate that the slow rate of rumen fermentation of CD and TWD can reduce the heat released during feed fermentation in the rumen, improving heat tolerance in sheep.
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Li X, Peng Y, Li B, Wu C, Zhang L, Zhao Y. Effects of alkali types on waste activated sludge (WAS) fermentation and microbial communities. Chemosphere 2017; 186:864-872. [PMID: 28826134 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2017] [Revised: 08/04/2017] [Accepted: 08/05/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The effects of two alkali agents, NaOH and Ca(OH)2, on enhancing waste activated sludge (WAS) fermentation and short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) accumulation were studied in semi-continuous stirred tank reactors (semi-CSTR) at different sludge retention time (SRT) (2-10 d). The optimum SRT for SCFAs accumulation of NaOH and Ca(OH)2 adding system was 8 d and 10 d, respectively. Results showed that the average organics yields including soluble chemical oxygen demand (SCOD), protein, and carbohydrate in the NaOH system were as almost twice as that in the Ca(OH)2 system. For Ca(OH)2 system, sludge hydrolysis and protein acidification efficiencies were negatively affected by Ca2+ precipitation, which was revealed by the decrease of Ca2+ concentration, the rise of zeta potential and better sludge dewaterability in Ca(OH)2 system. In addition, Firmicutes, Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria were the main microbial functional groups in both types of alkali systems. NaOH system obtained higher microbial quantities which led to better acidification. For application, however, Ca(OH)2 was more economically feasible owning to its lower price and better dewaterability of residual sludge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoling Li
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, Heilongjiang, PR China; School of Civil Engineering, Key Laboratory of Water Supply & Sewage Engineering (Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development), Chang'an University, Xi'an 710054, PR China
| | - Yongzhen Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, Heilongjiang, PR China; National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Engineering Research Center of Beijing, Key Laboratory of Beijing for Water Quality Science and Water Environment Recovery Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, PR China.
| | - Baikun Li
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Changyong Wu
- Research Center of Water Pollution Control Technology, Chinese Research Academy of Environment Sciences, Beijing 100012, PR China
| | - Liang Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Engineering Research Center of Beijing, Key Laboratory of Beijing for Water Quality Science and Water Environment Recovery Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, PR China
| | - Yaqian Zhao
- Centre for Water Resources Research, School of Civil Engineering, Newstead Building, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
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He CR, Kuo YY, Li SY. Lignocellulosic butanol production from Napier grass using semi-simultaneous saccharification fermentation. Bioresour Technol 2017; 231:101-108. [PMID: 28208065 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.01.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Revised: 01/19/2017] [Accepted: 01/20/2017] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Napier grass is a potential feedstock for biofuel production because of its strong adaptability and wide availability. Compositional analysis has been done on Napier grass which was collected from a local area of Taiwan. By comparing acid- and alkali-pretreatment, it was found that the alkali-pretreatment process is favorable for Napier grass. An overall glucose yield of 0.82g/g-glucosetotal can be obtained with the combination of alkali-pretreatment (2.5wt% NaOH, 8wt% sample loading, 121°C, and a reaction time of 40min) and enzymatic hydrolysis (40FPU/g-substrate). Semi-simultaneous saccharification fermentation (sSSF) was carried out, where enzymatic hydrolysis and ABE fermentation were operated in the same batch. It was found that after 24-h hydrolysis, followed by 96-h fermentation, the butanol and acetone concentrations reached 9.45 and 4.85g/L, respectively. The butanol yield reached 0.22g/g-sugarglucose+xylose. Finally, the efficiency of butanol production from Napier grass was calculated at 31%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Ruei He
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Yuan Kuo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Si-Yu Li
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan.
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Freitas TB, Relling AE, Pedreira MS, Rocha WJB, Schroeder AR, Felix TL. Effects of increasing inclusion of sodium hydroxide treatment on growth performance, carcass characteristics, and feeding behavior of steers fed 50% DDGS. J Anim Sci 2017; 95:371-378. [PMID: 28177351 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2016.0527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives were to determine the dietary inclusion level of NaOH in a dried distillers grains with solubles (DDGS)-based diet needed to improve growth performance and carcass characteristics of feedlot steers, and to determine the effects of NaOH treatment of DDGS on pattern of feed intake. Based on previous research regarding the acidity of DDGS, we hypothesized that using NaOH in cattle fed 50% DDGS-based diets to neutralize the acidity inherent in DDGS would improve growth performance of cattle but shift intake patterns. Angus-cross steers (120 total) were blocked into 2 BW blocks (light, initial BW = 211 ± 27 kg; and heavy, initial BW = 261 ± 27 kg) and allotted randomly within block to 20 pens (6 steers per pen; = 30). Pens within block were assigned randomly to 1 of 4 dietary treatments: 1) 50% DDGS, untreated; 2) 50% DDGS, treated with 0.5% NaOH (DM basis); 3) 50% DDGS, treated with 1.0% NaOH (DM basis); or 4) 50% DDGS, treated with 1.5% NaOH (DM basis). The remainder of the diets contained 20% dry-rolled corn, 20% corn silage, and 10% mineral and vitamin supplement, on a DM basis. Cattle were fed in a GrowSafe system. There were no effects ( ≥ 0.21) of increasing NaOH inclusion on final BW, ADG, or G:F. Increasing NaOH in the diet increased meal duration (linear; = 0.02) and tended to increase meal size (linear; = 0.06), but did not affect overall number of meals per day (linear; = 0.21) or overall DMI ( ≥ 0.40) for the course of the trial. Relative to cattle fed DDGS treated with 0, 0.5 or 1% NaOH (DM basis), steers fed DDGS treated with 1.5% NaOH consumed a larger proportion of their meals in the afternoon. However, regardless of treatment, all steers consumed 78% or more of their feed in the first 12 h post-feeding. There were no effects ( ≥ 0.19) of increasing NaOH inclusion on HCW, LM area, dressing percentage, KPH, back fat thickness, and marbling. There was a linear ( = 0.02) decrease in USDA Yield Grade (YG) 3 and a tendency ( = 0.09) for a quadratic response in carcasses grading USDA YG 4 as NaOH concentration increased in the diets; however, there were no other YG differences. The quality grade response followed marbling score and was not different ( ≥ 0.11) among treatments. Thus, there were no effects of feeding DDGS treated with NaOH on growing cattle performance or carcass characteristics. However, NaOH inclusion shifted the pattern of intake slightly to the afternoon hours, and increased meal duration without increasing the total number of meals per day.
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Xiang X, Chen X, Dai R, Luo Y, Ma P, Ni S, Ma C. Anaerobic digestion of recalcitrant textile dyeing sludge with alternative pretreatment strategies. Bioresour Technol 2016; 222:252-260. [PMID: 27721099 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2016.09.098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2016] [Revised: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 09/17/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Abundant organic compounds in textile dyeing sludge (TDS) provide possibility for its anaerobic digestion (AD) treatment. However, preliminary test showed little biogas generation in direct AD of the TDS during 20days. In order to improve the AD availability of TDS, alkaline, acid, thermal and thermal alkaline pretreatments were performed. Color and aromatic amines were specifically measured as extra characteristics for the AD of TDS. The rate-limiting steps of AD of TDS were slow hydrolysis rate and inhibited acidogenesis, which were somewhat overcome by pretreatments. Thermal alkaline pretreated TDS performed best enhancement on solubilisation. The biochemical methane potential tests revealed that thermal pretreated TDS showed highest total methane production of 55.9mL/gVSfed compared to the control with little methane generation. However, thermal alkaline pretreated TDS did not perform well in BMP test as expected. Moreover, the hydrophilicity of reactive dyes in TDS could seriously affect dewaterability of TDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Xiang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Xiaoguang Chen
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China; State Environmental Protection Engineering Center for Pollution Treatment and Control in Textile Industry, Shanghai 201620, China.
| | - Ruobin Dai
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Ying Luo
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Puyue Ma
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Shengsheng Ni
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Chengyu Ma
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China; State Environmental Protection Engineering Center for Pollution Treatment and Control in Textile Industry, Shanghai 201620, China
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Huang C, Lai J, Sun X, Li J, Shen J, Han W, Wang L. Enhancing anaerobic digestion of waste activated sludge by the combined use of NaOH and Mg(OH)2: Performance evaluation and mechanism study. Bioresour Technol 2016; 220:601-608. [PMID: 27619711 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2016.08.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Revised: 08/09/2016] [Accepted: 08/10/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the combination treatment of NaOH and Mg(OH)2 was applied to anaerobic digestion of waste activated sludge (WAS) for simultaneously enhancement of volatile fatty acids (VFAs) production, nutrients removal and sludge dewaterability. The maximum VFAs production (461mg COD/g VSS) was obtained at the NaOH/Mg(OH)2 ratio of 75:25, which was much higher than that of the blank or sole NaOH. Moreover, nutrients removal and sludge dewaterability were improved by the combined using of NaOH and Mg(OH)2. Mechanism investigations revealed that the presence of Mg(OH)2 could maintain alkaline environment, which contributed to inhibit the activity of methanogens. Also, the bridging between Mg(2+) and extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) plays an important role in the solubilization and dewatering of sludge. High-throughput sequencing analysis demonstrated that the abundance of bacteria involved in sludge hydrolysis and VFAs accumulation was greatly enriched with the mixtures of NaOH and Mg(OH)2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Huang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jia Lai
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xiuyun Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Jiansheng Li
- Engineering Research Center for Chemical Pollution Control (Ministry of Education), School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jinyou Shen
- Engineering Research Center for Chemical Pollution Control (Ministry of Education), School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Weiqing Han
- Engineering Research Center for Chemical Pollution Control (Ministry of Education), School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Lianjun Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, Jiangsu Province, China; Engineering Research Center for Chemical Pollution Control (Ministry of Education), School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, Jiangsu Province, China
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Xu J, Tahmasebi A, Yu J. An experimental study on the formation of methoxyaromatics during pyrolysis of Eucalyptus pulverulenta: Yields and mechanisms. Bioresour Technol 2016; 218:743-750. [PMID: 27423035 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2016.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2016] [Revised: 07/05/2016] [Accepted: 07/06/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The production of bio-oil rich in methoxyaromatics during catalytic pyrolysis of Eucalyptus pulverulenta (EP) was studied using a fixed-bed reactor in the temperature range of 300-500°C and the bio-oil composition was analyzed by using a GC-MS. The results showed that the highest bio-oil yield of 38.45wt% was obtained at 400°C in the presence of Na2CO3, and the concentration of methoxyaromatics reached the maximum value of 63.4%(area) in the bio-oil. The major methoxyaromatics identified in bio-oil were guaiacol, syringol, 4-ethyl-2-methoxy phenol, and 1,2,4-trimethoxybenzene. The analysis of gaseous products indicated that CO2 was the major gas at low-temperatures and concentrations of H2 and CH4 increased with increasing pyrolysis temperature. Na2CO3 promoted the formation of methoxyaromatics, while NaOH seems to have enhanced the formation of phenolics. The mechanism of the formation of methoxyaromatics during pyrolysis of EP was proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Xu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Coal and Coking Technology of Liaoning Province, School of Chemical Engineering, University of Science and Technology Liaoning, Anshan 114051, China
| | - Arash Tahmasebi
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Coal and Coking Technology of Liaoning Province, School of Chemical Engineering, University of Science and Technology Liaoning, Anshan 114051, China
| | - Jianglong Yu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Coal and Coking Technology of Liaoning Province, School of Chemical Engineering, University of Science and Technology Liaoning, Anshan 114051, China; Chemical Engineering, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia.
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26
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Sharma AK, Sahoo PK, Singhal S, Joshi G. Exploration of upstream and downstream process for microwave assisted sustainable biodiesel production from microalgae Chlorella vulgaris. Bioresour Technol 2016; 216:793-800. [PMID: 27318156 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2016.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Revised: 06/02/2016] [Accepted: 06/03/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The present study explores the integrated approach for the sustainable production of biodiesel from Chlorella vulgaris microalgae. The microalgae were cultivated in 10m(2) open raceway pond at semi-continuous mode with optimum volumetric and areal production of 28.105kg/L/y and 71.51t/h/y, respectively. Alum was used as flocculent for harvesting the microalgae and optimized at different pH. Lipid was extracted using chloroform: methanol (2:1) and having 12.39% of FFA. Effect of various reaction conditions such as effect of catalyst, methanol:lipid ratio, reaction temperature and time on biodiesel yields were studied under microwave irradiation; and 84.01% of biodiesel yield was obtained under optimized reaction conditions. A comparison was also made between the biodiesel productions under conventional heating and microwave irradiation. The synthesized biodiesel was characterized by (1)H NMR, (13)C NMR, FTIR and GC; however, fuel properties of biodiesel were also studied using specified test methods as per ASTM and EN standards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Kumar Sharma
- Biofuel Research Laboratory, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Bidholi, Dehradun 248007, India.
| | - Pradeepta Kumar Sahoo
- Department of Farm Machinery & Power, Orissa University of Agriculture & Technology (OUAT), Bhubaneswar 751003, India
| | - Shailey Singhal
- Department of Chemistry, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Bidholi, Dehradun 248007, India
| | - Girdhar Joshi
- Research and Development Department, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Bidholi, Dehradun 248007, India
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Soares J, Demeke MM, Foulquié-Moreno MR, Van de Velde M, Verplaetse A, Fernandes AAR, Thevelein JM, Fernandes PMB. Green coconut mesocarp pretreated by an alkaline process as raw material for bioethanol production. Bioresour Technol 2016; 216:744-753. [PMID: 27295252 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2016.05.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Revised: 05/24/2016] [Accepted: 05/25/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Cocos nucifera L., coconut, is a palm of high importance in the food industry, but a considerable part of the biomass is inedible. In this study, the pretreatment and saccharification parameters NaOH solution, pretreatment duration and enzyme load were evaluated for the production of hydrolysates from green coconut mesocarp using 18% (w/v) total solids (TS). Hydrolysates were not detoxified in order to preserve sugars solubilized during the pretreatment. Reduction of enzyme load from 15 to 7.5 filter paper cellulase unit (FPU)/g of biomass has little effect on the final ethanol titer. With optimized pretreatment and saccharification, hydrolysates with more than 7% (w/v) sugars were produced in 48h. Fermentation of the hydrolysate using industrial Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains produced 3.73% (v/v) ethanol. Our results showed a simple pretreatment condition with a high-solid load of biomass followed by saccharification and fermentation of undetoxified coconut mesocarp hydrolysates to produce ethanol with high titer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jimmy Soares
- Núcleo de Biotecnologia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 29040-090 Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | - Mekonnen M Demeke
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Botany and Microbiology, KU Leuven, Belgium; Department of Molecular Microbiology, VIB, Kasteelpark Arenberg 31, B-3001 Leuven-Heverlee, Flanders, Belgium
| | - Maria R Foulquié-Moreno
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Botany and Microbiology, KU Leuven, Belgium; Department of Molecular Microbiology, VIB, Kasteelpark Arenberg 31, B-3001 Leuven-Heverlee, Flanders, Belgium
| | - Miet Van de Velde
- Laboratory of Enzyme, Fermentation and Brewing Technology, KAHO Sint-Lieven University College, KU Leuven Association, Gebroeders De Smetstraat 1, 9000 Ghent, Flanders, Belgium
| | - Alex Verplaetse
- Laboratory of Enzyme, Fermentation and Brewing Technology, KAHO Sint-Lieven University College, KU Leuven Association, Gebroeders De Smetstraat 1, 9000 Ghent, Flanders, Belgium
| | - Antonio Alberto Ribeiro Fernandes
- Núcleo de Biotecnologia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 29040-090 Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | - Johan M Thevelein
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Botany and Microbiology, KU Leuven, Belgium; Department of Molecular Microbiology, VIB, Kasteelpark Arenberg 31, B-3001 Leuven-Heverlee, Flanders, Belgium
| | - Patricia Machado Bueno Fernandes
- Núcleo de Biotecnologia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 29040-090 Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil.
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Keshav PK, Naseeruddin S, Rao LV. Improved enzymatic saccharification of steam exploded cotton stalk using alkaline extraction and fermentation of cellulosic sugars into ethanol. Bioresour Technol 2016; 214:363-370. [PMID: 27155264 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2016.04.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2016] [Revised: 04/22/2016] [Accepted: 04/24/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Cotton stalk, a widely available and cheap agricultural residue lacking economic alternatives, was subjected to steam explosion in the range 170-200°C for 5min. Steam explosion at 200°C and 5min led to significant hemicellulose solubilization (71.90±0.10%). Alkaline extraction of steam exploded cotton stalk (SECOH) using 3% NaOH at room temperature for 6h led to 85.07±1.43% lignin removal with complete hemicellulose solubilization. Besides, this combined pretreatment allowed a high recovery of the cellulosic fraction from the biomass. Enzymatic saccharification was studied between steam exploded cotton stalk (SECS) and SECOH using different cellulase loadings. SECOH gave a maximum of 785.30±8.28mg/g reducing sugars with saccharification efficiency of 82.13±0.72%. Subsequently, fermentation of SECOH hydrolysate containing sugars (68.20±1.16g/L) with Saccharomyces cerevisiae produced 23.17±0.84g/L ethanol with 0.44g/g yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Praveen K Keshav
- Department of Microbiology, Osmania University, Hyderabad 500 007, India
| | - Shaik Naseeruddin
- Department of Microbiology, Osmania University, Hyderabad 500 007, India
| | - L Venkateswar Rao
- Department of Microbiology, Osmania University, Hyderabad 500 007, India.
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Jiang Z, Fei B, Li Z. Pretreatment of bamboo by ultra-high pressure explosion with a high-pressure homogenizer for enzymatic hydrolysis and ethanol fermentation. Bioresour Technol 2016; 214:876-880. [PMID: 27189535 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2016.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2016] [Revised: 05/07/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Bamboo shoots, 2- and 5-year-old bamboo were treated by using a homogenizer in a constant suspended state, a process termed as ultra-high pressure explosion (UHPE). The bamboo powder was heated in 2% NaOH solution at 121°C, and then 100MPa UHPE-treated through a homogenizer. The results verified that UHPE changed the suspension solution of powder into a stick fluid. The contents of lignin were decreased significantly. The bamboo shoots and 2-year-old bamboo were completely hydrolyzed to glucose within 48h by enzymes loading of 15 FPU of cellulase and 30IU of β-glucosidase per gram glucan. Fermentation of enzymatic hydrolyzates with Saccharomyces cerevisiae resulted in about 89.7-95.1% of the theoretical ethanol yield after 24h. Therefore, NaOH+UHPE is argued to be a potential alternative technology for pretreatment of bamboo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zehui Jiang
- International Centre for Bamboo and Rattan, Beijing 100102, China
| | - Benhua Fei
- International Centre for Bamboo and Rattan, Beijing 100102, China
| | - Zhiqiang Li
- International Centre for Bamboo and Rattan, Beijing 100102, China.
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Fischer M, Renevey N, Thür B, Hoffmann D, Beer M, Hoffmann B. Efficacy Assessment of Nucleic Acid Decontamination Reagents Used in Molecular Diagnostic Laboratories. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0159274. [PMID: 27410228 PMCID: PMC4943653 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0159274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2016] [Accepted: 06/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The occurrence of nucleic acid cross contamination in the laboratory resulting in false positive results of diagnostic samples is seriously problematic. Despite precautions to minimize or even avoid nucleic acid cross contaminations, it may appear anyway. Until now, no standardized strategy is available to evaluate the efficacy of commercially offered decontamination reagents. Therefore, a protocol for the reliable determination of nucleic acid decontamination efficacy using highly standardized solution and surface tests was established and validated. All tested sodium hypochlorite-based reagents proved to be highly efficient in nucleic acid decontamination even after short reaction times. For DNA Away, a sodium hydroxide-based decontamination product, dose- and time-dependent effectiveness was ascertained. For two other commercial decontamination reagents, the phosphoric acid-based DNA Remover and the non-enzymatic reagent DNA-ExitusPlus™ IF, no reduction of amplifiable DNA/RNA was observed. In conclusion, a simple test procedure for evaluation of the elimination efficacy of decontamination reagents against amplifiable nucleic acid is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melina Fischer
- Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Südufer 10, 17493, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Nathalie Renevey
- Institute of Virology and Immunology, Sensemattstr, 293, 3147, Mittelhäusern, Switzerland
| | - Barbara Thür
- Institute of Virology and Immunology, Sensemattstr, 293, 3147, Mittelhäusern, Switzerland
| | - Donata Hoffmann
- Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Südufer 10, 17493, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Martin Beer
- Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Südufer 10, 17493, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Bernd Hoffmann
- Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Südufer 10, 17493, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
- * E-mail:
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Ndiaye D, Diongue K, Bane K, Seck A, Niang SO, Lèye Benoist F, Ndiaye D, Touré B. [Efficacy of sodium hydroxide at 2.5 %, chlorhexidine gluconate at 0.5 % and calcium hydroxide against Candida albicans]. J Mycol Med 2016; 26:317-322. [PMID: 27198757 DOI: 10.1016/j.mycmed.2016.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2016] [Revised: 03/16/2016] [Accepted: 04/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Endodontic flora is dominated in the apical part of the channels by strict anaerobic and some facultative anaerobic bacteria but also by Candida yeasts, especially Candida albicans species that are involved in the maintenance and persistence of endodontic infections. Their elimination of the canal system in practice by chemo-mechanical methods of disinfection is not always guaranteed. Thus, this in vitro study was performed to determine the sensitivity of C. albicans with sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) dosed at 2.5 %, the chlorhexidine digluconate 0.5 % and calcium hydroxide used in inter-session medication. METHODS The diffusion method was used initially to test the sensitivity of C. albicans strains with the above products. Then a dilution technique has allowed us to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration of these active products on C. albicans. RESULTS Strains from infected pulp teeth of patients showed a sensitivity of C. albicans to sodium hypochlorite to a minimum inhibitory concentration less than 70μg/mL and 30μg/mL for chlorhexidine. CONCLUSION This study demonstrated a sensitivity of C. albicans to sodium hypochlorite and chlorhexidine.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Ndiaye
- Département d'odontologie, université Cheikh Anta Diop-Dakar BP 5005 Dakar, Sénégal.
| | - K Diongue
- Laboratoire de parasitologie et de mycologie, CHU Le Dantec, BP 16477, Dakar, Sénégal
| | - K Bane
- Département d'odontologie, université Cheikh Anta Diop-Dakar BP 5005 Dakar, Sénégal
| | - A Seck
- Département d'odontologie, université Cheikh Anta Diop-Dakar BP 5005 Dakar, Sénégal
| | - S O Niang
- Département d'odontologie, université Cheikh Anta Diop-Dakar BP 5005 Dakar, Sénégal
| | - F Lèye Benoist
- Département d'odontologie, université Cheikh Anta Diop-Dakar BP 5005 Dakar, Sénégal
| | - D Ndiaye
- Laboratoire de parasitologie et de mycologie, CHU Le Dantec, BP 16477, Dakar, Sénégal
| | - B Touré
- Département d'odontologie, université Cheikh Anta Diop-Dakar BP 5005 Dakar, Sénégal
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Jiang K, Li L, Long L, Ding S. Comparison of alkali treatments for efficient release of p-coumaric acid and enzymatic saccharification of sorghum pith. Bioresour Technol 2016; 207:1-10. [PMID: 26868149 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2016.01.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2015] [Revised: 01/29/2016] [Accepted: 01/30/2016] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Two separate temperature and time ranges were respectively conducted for optimizing release of p-coumaric acid and enzymatic saccharification of sorghum pith by NaOH pretreatment using response surface methodology. Two desirable pretreatment conditions were selected as follows: 37°C, 2% NaOH and 12h, and 100°C, 1.75% NaOH and 37min in the low and high temperature ranges, respectively. Under these conditions, the enzymatic glucose yields were 85.6% and 90.4% respectively, whereas p-coumaric acid yields were 95.1% and 98.1% respectively. The final recovery of esterified p-coumaric acid reached 82.8% and 87.4% respectively after further separation with HP-20 resin. Interestingly, strong linear correlations exist between p-coumaric acid release with glucan saccharification yield and lignin dissolution. These results indicate that sorghum pith could be an attractive source for natural p-coumaric acid and efficient release of p-coumaric acid and enzymatic saccharification of sorghum pith can be achieved by mild NaOH pretreatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kankan Jiang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, China
| | - Lulu Li
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, China
| | - Liangkun Long
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, China
| | - Shaojun Ding
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, China.
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Bolado-Rodríguez S, Toquero C, Martín-Juárez J, Travaini R, García-Encina PA. Effect of thermal, acid, alkaline and alkaline-peroxide pretreatments on the biochemical methane potential and kinetics of the anaerobic digestion of wheat straw and sugarcane bagasse. Bioresour Technol 2016; 201:182-90. [PMID: 26642223 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2015.11.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2015] [Revised: 11/17/2015] [Accepted: 11/18/2015] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The effect of thermal, acid, alkaline and alkaline-peroxide pretreatments on the methane produced by the anaerobic digestion of wheat straw (WS) and sugarcane bagasse (SCB) was studied, using whole slurry and solid fraction. All the pretreatments released formic and acetic acids and phenolic compounds, while 5-hydroxymetilfurfural (HMF) and furfural were generated only by acid pretreatment. A remarkable inhibition was found in most of the whole slurry experiments, except in thermal pretreatment which improved methane production compared to the raw materials (29% for WS and 11% for SCB). The alkaline pretreatment increased biodegradability (around 30%) and methane production rate of the solid fraction of both pretreated substrates. Methane production results were fitted using first order or modified Gompertz equations, or a novel model combining both equations. The model parameters provided information about substrate availability, controlling step and inhibitory effect of compounds generated by each pretreatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Bolado-Rodríguez
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Technology, University of Valladolid, Calle Doctor Mergelina s/n, 47011 Valladolid, Spain.
| | - Cristina Toquero
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Technology, University of Valladolid, Calle Doctor Mergelina s/n, 47011 Valladolid, Spain
| | - Judit Martín-Juárez
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Technology, University of Valladolid, Calle Doctor Mergelina s/n, 47011 Valladolid, Spain
| | - Rodolfo Travaini
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Technology, University of Valladolid, Calle Doctor Mergelina s/n, 47011 Valladolid, Spain
| | - Pedro Antonio García-Encina
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Technology, University of Valladolid, Calle Doctor Mergelina s/n, 47011 Valladolid, Spain
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Qing Q, Zhou L, Huang M, Guo Q, He Y, Wang L, Zhang Y. Improving enzymatic saccharification of bamboo shoot shell by alkalic salt pretreatment with H2O2. Bioresour Technol 2016; 201:230-6. [PMID: 26675047 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2015.11.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2015] [Revised: 11/19/2015] [Accepted: 11/21/2015] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Pretreatment of bamboo shoot shell (BSS) by a combination of alkalic salts with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) was evaluated for its delignification effect and for its ability to enhance enzymatic saccharification of pretreated solids. By comparing different alkalic salts, the combination of 9% Na3PO4·12H2O and 0.3g/g H2O2 (ASHP) was identified as an effective system that showed the highest delignification of 87.7% and the total reducing sugar yield of 97.1% when pretreated BSS at a solid to liquid ratio of 1/20 (w/w) at 80°C for 2h. The delignification effect and the disruption of the lignocelluloses structure by this novel pretreatment method were deduced to be the main reasons that led to enhanced enzymatic saccharification as supported by the chemical composition analysis and the results of SEM, FTIR and XRD analyses of the untreated and alkalic salt pretreated BSS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Qing
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, College of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Life Science, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, Jiangsu, China
| | - Linlin Zhou
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, College of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Life Science, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, Jiangsu, China
| | - Meizi Huang
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, College of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Life Science, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qi Guo
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, College of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Life Science, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yucai He
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, College of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Life Science, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, Jiangsu, China
| | - Liqun Wang
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, College of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Life Science, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, College of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Life Science, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, Jiangsu, China.
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Vandamme D, Beuckels A, Vadelius E, Depraetere O, Noppe W, Dutta A, Foubert I, Laurens L, Muylaert K. Inhibition of alkaline flocculation by algal organic matter for Chlorella vulgaris. Water Res 2016; 88:301-307. [PMID: 26512808 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2015.10.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2015] [Revised: 10/12/2015] [Accepted: 10/17/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Alkaline flocculation is a promising strategy for the concentration of microalgae for bulk biomass production. However, previous studies have shown that biological changes during the cultivation negatively affect flocculation efficiency. The influence of changes in cell properties and in the quality and composition of algal organic matter (AOM) were studied using Chlorella vulgaris as a model species. In batch cultivation, flocculation was increasingly inhibited over time and mainly influenced by changes in medium composition, rather than biological changes at the cell surface. Total carbohydrate content of the organic matter fraction sized bigger than 3 kDa increased over time and this fraction was shown to be mainly responsible for the inhibition of alkaline flocculation. The monosaccharide identification of this fraction mainly showed the presence of neutral and anionic monosaccharides. The addition of 30-50 mg L(-1) alginic acid, as a model for anionic carbohydrate polymers containing uronic acids, resulted in a complete inhibition of flocculation. These results suggest that inhibition of alkaline flocculation was caused by interaction of anionic polysaccharides leading to an increased flocculant demand over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dries Vandamme
- KU Leuven Kulak, Laboratory of Aquatic Biology, E. Sabbelaan 53, B-8500 Kortrijk, Belgium.
| | - Annelies Beuckels
- KU Leuven Kulak, Laboratory of Aquatic Biology, E. Sabbelaan 53, B-8500 Kortrijk, Belgium
| | - Eric Vadelius
- National Bioenergy Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 15013 Denver West Parkway, Golden, CO 80401, USA
| | - Orily Depraetere
- KU Leuven Kulak, Laboratory of Aquatic Biology, E. Sabbelaan 53, B-8500 Kortrijk, Belgium
| | - Wim Noppe
- IRF Life Siences, KU Leuven Kulak, E. Sabbelaan 53, B-8500 Kortrijk, Belgium
| | - Abhishek Dutta
- KU Leuven, Campus Groep T Leuven, Faculteit Industriële Ingenieurswetenschappen, Andreas Vesaliusstraat 13, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Imogen Foubert
- KU Leuven Kulak, Research Unit Food & Lipids, Department of Molecular and Microbial Systems Kulak, Etienne Sabbelaan 53, B-8500 Kortrijk, Belgium; Leuven Food Science and Nutrition Research Centre (LFoRCe), KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 20, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Lieve Laurens
- National Bioenergy Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 15013 Denver West Parkway, Golden, CO 80401, USA
| | - Koenraad Muylaert
- KU Leuven Kulak, Laboratory of Aquatic Biology, E. Sabbelaan 53, B-8500 Kortrijk, Belgium
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Janke L, Leite A, Batista K, Weinrich S, Sträuber H, Nikolausz M, Nelles M, Stinner W. Optimization of hydrolysis and volatile fatty acids production from sugarcane filter cake: Effects of urea supplementation and sodium hydroxide pretreatment. Bioresour Technol 2016; 199:235-244. [PMID: 26278994 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2015.07.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Revised: 07/28/2015] [Accepted: 07/30/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Different methods for optimization the anaerobic digestion (AD) of sugarcane filter cake (FC) with a special focus on volatile fatty acids (VFA) production were studied. Sodium hydroxide (NaOH) pretreatment at different concentrations was investigated in batch experiments and the cumulative methane yields fitted to a dual-pool two-step model to provide an initial assessment on AD. The effects of nitrogen supplementation in form of urea and NaOH pretreatment for improved VFA production were evaluated in a semi-continuously operated reactor as well. The results indicated that higher NaOH concentrations during pretreatment accelerated the AD process and increased methane production in batch experiments. Nitrogen supplementation resulted in a VFA loss due to methane formation by buffering the pH value at nearly neutral conditions (∼ 6.7). However, the alkaline pretreatment with 6g NaOH/100g FCFM improved both the COD solubilization and the VFA yield by 37%, mainly consisted by n-butyric and acetic acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leandro Janke
- Department of Biochemical Conversion, Deutsches Biomasseforschungszentrum gemeinnützige GmbH, Torgauer Straße 116, 04347 Leipzig, Germany; Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Chair of Waste Management, University of Rostock, Justus-von-Liebig-Weg 6, 18059 Rostock, Germany.
| | - Athaydes Leite
- Department of Environmental Microbiology, UFZ - Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Karla Batista
- Department of Environmental Microbiology, UFZ - Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sören Weinrich
- Department of Biochemical Conversion, Deutsches Biomasseforschungszentrum gemeinnützige GmbH, Torgauer Straße 116, 04347 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Heike Sträuber
- Department of Environmental Microbiology, UFZ - Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Marcell Nikolausz
- Department of Environmental Microbiology, UFZ - Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Michael Nelles
- Department of Biochemical Conversion, Deutsches Biomasseforschungszentrum gemeinnützige GmbH, Torgauer Straße 116, 04347 Leipzig, Germany; Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Chair of Waste Management, University of Rostock, Justus-von-Liebig-Weg 6, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Walter Stinner
- Department of Biochemical Conversion, Deutsches Biomasseforschungszentrum gemeinnützige GmbH, Torgauer Straße 116, 04347 Leipzig, Germany
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Ding JC, Xu GC, Han RZ, Ni Y. Biobutanol production from corn stover hydrolysate pretreated with recycled ionic liquid by Clostridium saccharobutylicum DSM 13864. Bioresour Technol 2016; 199:228-234. [PMID: 26318847 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2015.07.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2015] [Revised: 07/28/2015] [Accepted: 07/30/2015] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
In this study, corn stover (CS) hydrolysates, pretreated by fresh and recycled ionic liquid (IL) [Bmim][Cl], were utilized in butanol fermentation by Clostridium saccharobutylicum DSM 13864. An efficient CS pretreatment procedure using [Bmim][Cl] was developed, giving a glucose concentration of 18.7 g L(-1) using ten times recycled [Bmim][Cl], representing about 77% of that produced with fresh IL (24.2 g L(-1)). Fermentation of hydrolysate I (pretreated by fresh IL) resulted in 7.4 g L(-1) butanol with a yield of 0.21 g g total-sugar(-1) and a productivity of 0.11 g L(-1)h(-1), while 7.9 g L(-1) butanol was achieved in fermentation using hydrolysate II (pretreated by ten times reused IL) with similar levels of acetone and ethanol, as well as yield and productivity. This study provides evidence for the efficient utilization of IL in CS pretreatment for biobutanol fermentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Cai Ding
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Guo-Chao Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Rui-Zhi Han
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ye Ni
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China.
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Raghavi S, Sindhu R, Binod P, Gnansounou E, Pandey A. Development of a novel sequential pretreatment strategy for the production of bioethanol from sugarcane trash. Bioresour Technol 2016; 199:202-210. [PMID: 26318846 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2015.08.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2015] [Revised: 08/10/2015] [Accepted: 08/11/2015] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
A novel sequential pretreatment strategy using biodiesel industry generated waste glycerol assisted transition metal and alkali pretreatment of sugarcane trash were developed for the production of bioethanol. Various process parameters affecting pretreatment as well as hydrolysis were optimized by adopting a Taguchi design. This novel method was found to be superior when compared to conventional pretreatment strategies like acid and alkali in removing hemicelluloses and lignin and the hydrolyzate is devoid of major fermentation inhibitors like organic acids and furfurals. Physico-chemical changes of the native and the pretreated biomass were evaluated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis. Under optimized hydrolysis conditions 0.796 g of reducing sugar (pentoses and hexoses) per g of dry biomass after saccharification was produced. Fermentation of the non-detoxified hydrolyzate using Saccharomyces cerevisiae produced 31.928 g of bioethanol per g of dry biomass with an efficiency of 78.89%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subbiah Raghavi
- Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, CSIR, Trivandrum 695 019, India
| | - Raveendran Sindhu
- Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, CSIR, Trivandrum 695 019, India.
| | - Parameswaran Binod
- Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, CSIR, Trivandrum 695 019, India
| | - Edgard Gnansounou
- Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne, Institute of Urban and Regional Sciences, GC A3, Station 18, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ashok Pandey
- Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, CSIR, Trivandrum 695 019, India
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Tian QQ, Liang L, Zhu MJ. Enhanced biohydrogen production from sugarcane bagasse by Clostridium thermocellum supplemented with CaCO3. Bioresour Technol 2015; 197:422-8. [PMID: 26356113 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2015.08.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2015] [Revised: 08/21/2015] [Accepted: 08/22/2015] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Clostridium thermocellum ATCC 27405 was used to degrade sugarcane bagasse (SCB) directly for hydrogen production, which was significantly enhanced by supplementing medium with CaCO3. The effect of CaCO3 concentration on the hydrogen production was investigated. The hydrogen production was significantly enhanced with the CaCO3 concentration increased from 10mM to 20mM. However, with the CaCO3 concentration further increased from 20mM to 100mM, the hydrogen production didn't increase further. Under the optimal CaCO3 concentration of 20mM, the hydrogen production reached 97.83±5.19mmol/L from 2% sodium hydroxide-pretreated SCB, a 116.72% increase over the control (45.14±1.03mmol/L), and the yield of hydrogen production reached 4.89mmol H2/g SCBadded. Additionally, CaCO3 promoted the biodegradation of SCB and the growth of C. thermocellum. The stimulatory effects of CaCO3 on biohydrogen production are mainly attributed to the buffering capacity of carbonate. The study provides a novel strategy to enhance biohydrogen production from lignocellulose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Qing Tian
- School of Bioscience and Bioengineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Panyu, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Liang
- Guangzhou Sugarcane Industry Research Institute, Guangzhou 510316, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming-Jun Zhu
- School of Bioscience and Bioengineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Panyu, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fermentation and Enzyme Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China.
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40
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Wu J, Liu J, Lin L, Zhang C, Li A, Zhu Y, Zhang Y. Evaluation of several flocculants for flocculating microalgae. Bioresour Technol 2015; 197:495-501. [PMID: 26369279 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2015.08.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2015] [Revised: 08/22/2015] [Accepted: 08/25/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Flocculation of microalgae with chitosan, polyacrylamide, Al2(SO4)3, NaOH and HNO3 was evaluated. Their flocculation efficiencies and optimal dosages were discussed. The effects of the flocculants on cells viability were also investigated and the cells were found to be intact during the flocculation process. Moreover, the effects of flocculants on the extractions were evaluated. Lipid content after flocculants treatments showed no significant differences. Carbohydrate content was lower but protein content was higher after NaOH treatment than those after other treatments. Furthermore, the five flocculated media maintained approximate growth yields to that of the fresh medium in microalgal cultivation, indicating the five flocculated media could be recycled, thereby reducing the cost of biodiesel production from microalgae. Finally, economic comparison of the flocculants was made and the cost of using HNO3, including flocculating cells and recycling medium, was found to be the lowest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinheng Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Jinan University, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Jiexia Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Jinan University, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Lifang Lin
- Department of Chemistry, Jinan University, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Chengwu Zhang
- Research Center of Hydrobiology, Jinan University, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Aifen Li
- Research Center of Hydrobiology, Jinan University, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Yi Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, Jinan University, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510632, China.
| | - Yuanming Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Jinan University, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510632, China
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Xiao B, Liu C, Liu J, Guo X. Evaluation of the microbial cell structure damages in alkaline pretreatment of waste activated sludge. Bioresour Technol 2015; 196:109-115. [PMID: 26231130 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2015.07.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2015] [Revised: 07/15/2015] [Accepted: 07/17/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the damages of microbial cell structures, as well as the relationships between these damages and the release of cellular organic matter in the pretreatment of waste activated sludge (WAS) by using alkaline pretreatment as model. In the alkaline pretreatment of WAS, the most damage of bound extracellular polymeric substances (EPS), cell walls, cell membranes, and cell nuclei occurred at pH 11.5-12.0 (46.2%), pH 11.0-11.5 (27.3%), pH 9.0-10.0 (34.2%), and pH 11.5-12.0 (44.4%), respectively. The damage percentages of these cell structures in the pH stabilization stage were low because most of the damages occurred when the pH increased. The structural integrities of sludge microorganisms were all damaged in the pH increase stage. The damages of EPS, cell walls, and cell membranes were significantly correlated with the release of cellular organic matter, and these damages were necessary to release the cellular matter in WAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benyi Xiao
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Cao Liu
- Beijing Water Sciences Technology Institute, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Junxin Liu
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Xuesong Guo
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.
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Wang P, Chang J, Yin Q, Wang E, Zhu Q, Song A, Lu F. Effects of thermo-chemical pretreatment plus microbial fermentation and enzymatic hydrolysis on saccharification and lignocellulose degradation of corn straw. Bioresour Technol 2015; 194:165-171. [PMID: 26188559 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2015.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2015] [Revised: 07/04/2015] [Accepted: 07/04/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
In order to increase corn straw degradation, the straw was kept in the combined solution of 15% (w/w) lime supernatant and 2% (w/w) sodium hydroxide with liquid-to-solid ratio of 13:1 (mL/g) at 83.92°C for 6h; and then added with 3% (v/v) H2O2 for reaction at 50°C for 2h; finally cellulase (32.3 FPU/g dry matter) and xylanase (550 U/g dry matter) was added to keep at 50°C for 48 h. The maximal reducing sugars yield (348.77 mg/g) was increased by 126.42% (P<0.05), and the degradation rates of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin in pretreated corn straw with enzymatic hydrolysis were increased by 40.08%, 45.71% and 52.01%, compared with the native corn straw with enzymatic hydrolysis (P<0.05). The following study indicated that the combined microbial fermentation and enzymatic hydrolysis could further increase straw degradation and reducing sugar yield (442.85 mg/g, P<0.05).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Wang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Juan Chang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Qingqiang Yin
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China.
| | - Erzhu Wang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Qun Zhu
- Henan Delin Biological Product Co. Ltd., Xinxiang 453000, China
| | - Andong Song
- College of Life Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Fushan Lu
- Henan Engineering and Technology Research Center of Feed Microbes, Zhoukou 466000, China
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Medina JDC, Woiciechowski A, Zandona Filho A, Noseda MD, Kaur BS, Soccol CR. Lignin preparation from oil palm empty fruit bunches by sequential acid/alkaline treatment--A biorefinery approach. Bioresour Technol 2015; 194:172-8. [PMID: 26188560 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2015.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2015] [Revised: 07/01/2015] [Accepted: 07/05/2015] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Lignin is an important raw material for the sustainable biorefineries and also the forerunner of high-value added products, such as biocomposite for chemical, pharmaceutical and cement industries. Oil palm empty fruit bunches (OPEFB) were used for lignin preparation by successive treatment with 1% (w/w) H2SO4 at 121°C for 60 min and 2.5% NaOH at 121°C for 80 min resulting in the high lignin yield of 28.89%, corresponding to 68.82% of the original lignin. The lignin obtained was characterized by gel permeation chromatography (GPC), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). The results indicated a lignin with molecular masses ramping from 4500 kDa to 12,580 kDa. FTIR and NMR of these lignins showed more syringyl and p-hydroxyphenyl than guaiacyl units. Moderate acid/alkaline treatment provided lignin with high industrial potential and acid hydrolyzates rich in fermentable sugars and highly porous cellulosic fibers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesus David Coral Medina
- Federal University of Paraná, Department of Bioprocess and Biotechnology Engineering, CEP 81531-970 Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Adenise Woiciechowski
- Federal University of Paraná, Department of Bioprocess and Biotechnology Engineering, CEP 81531-970 Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Arion Zandona Filho
- Federal University of Paraná, Department of Bioprocess and Biotechnology Engineering, CEP 81531-970 Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Miguel D Noseda
- Federal University of Paraná, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, CEP 81531-970 Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Brar Satinder Kaur
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS), Eau, Terre et Environnement, Québec, Canada
| | - Carlos Ricardo Soccol
- Federal University of Paraná, Department of Bioprocess and Biotechnology Engineering, CEP 81531-970 Curitiba, PR, Brazil.
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He YC, Ding Y, Xue YF, Yang B, Liu F, Wang C, Zhu ZZ, Qing Q, Wu H, Zhu C, Tao ZC, Zhang DP. Enhancement of enzymatic saccharification of corn stover with sequential Fenton pretreatment and dilute NaOH extraction. Bioresour Technol 2015; 193:324-30. [PMID: 26142999 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2015.06.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2015] [Revised: 06/17/2015] [Accepted: 06/18/2015] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
In this study, an effective method by the sequential Fenton pretreatment and dilute NaOH extraction (FT-AE) was chosen for pretreating corn stover. Before dilute NaOH (0.75 wt%) extraction at 90 °C for 1h, Fenton reagent (0.95 g/L of FeSO4 and 29.8 g/L of H2O2) was employed to pretreat CS at a solid/liquid ratio of 1/20 (w/w) at 35 °C for 30 min. The changes in the cellulose structural characteristics (porosity, morphology, and crystallinity) of the pretreated solid residue were correlated with the enhancement of enzymatic saccharification. After being enzymatically hydrolyzed for 72 h, the reducing sugars and glucose from the hydrolysis of 60 g/L FT-AE-CS pretreated could be obtained at 40.96 and 23.61 g/L, respectively. Finally, the recovered hydrolyzates containing glucose had no inhibitory effects on the ethanol fermenting microorganism. In conclusion, the sequential Fenton pretreatment and dilute NaOH extraction has high potential application in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Cai He
- Platform of Bioethanol, Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, College of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Life Sciences, Changzhou University, Changzhou, China; Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Bioprocessing, College of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Life Sciences, Changzhou University, Changzhou, China
| | - Yun Ding
- Platform of Bioethanol, Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, College of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Life Sciences, Changzhou University, Changzhou, China; Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Bioprocessing, College of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Life Sciences, Changzhou University, Changzhou, China
| | - Yu-Feng Xue
- Platform of Bioethanol, Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, College of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Life Sciences, Changzhou University, Changzhou, China
| | - Bin Yang
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, Bioproducts, Sciences and Engineering Laboratory, Washington State University, Richland, WA 99354, USA
| | - Feng Liu
- Platform of Bioethanol, Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, College of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Life Sciences, Changzhou University, Changzhou, China; Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Bioprocessing, College of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Life Sciences, Changzhou University, Changzhou, China
| | - Cheng Wang
- Platform of Bioethanol, Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, College of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Life Sciences, Changzhou University, Changzhou, China
| | - Zheng-Zhong Zhu
- Platform of Bioethanol, Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, College of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Life Sciences, Changzhou University, Changzhou, China
| | - Qing Qing
- Platform of Bioethanol, Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, College of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Life Sciences, Changzhou University, Changzhou, China; Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Bioprocessing, College of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Life Sciences, Changzhou University, Changzhou, China
| | - Hao Wu
- Platform of Bioethanol, Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, College of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Life Sciences, Changzhou University, Changzhou, China
| | - Cheng Zhu
- Platform of Bioethanol, Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, College of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Life Sciences, Changzhou University, Changzhou, China
| | - Zhi-Cheng Tao
- Platform of Bioethanol, Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, College of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Life Sciences, Changzhou University, Changzhou, China; Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Bioprocessing, College of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Life Sciences, Changzhou University, Changzhou, China
| | - Dan-Ping Zhang
- Platform of Bioethanol, Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, College of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Life Sciences, Changzhou University, Changzhou, China; Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Bioprocessing, College of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Life Sciences, Changzhou University, Changzhou, China
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Chien MY, Chen LC, Chen YC, Sheu MT, Tsai YC, Ho HO, Su CH, Liu DZ. Mycelial Mattress from a Sporangia Formation-Delayed Mutant of Rhizopus stolonifer as Wound Healing-Enhancing Biomaterial. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0134090. [PMID: 26275241 PMCID: PMC4537177 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0134090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2015] [Accepted: 07/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A mycelial mattress of Rhizopus stolonifer obtained from a liquid static culture was utilized for wound dressing and biomedical use. Following screening of mutants induced by UV radiation, F6, exhibiting delayed sporangium formation was selected because its sporangium maturation exhibited a 5-day delay without significant loss of mycelial weight compared to the wild type. The sporangium-free mycelial mattress from the sporangiospore culture of F6 was treated with 1N sodium hydroxide NaOH at 85°C for 2 h to produce a sponge-like membrane named Rhizochitin. The trifluoroacetic acid hydrolysate of Rhizochitin contained 36% N-acetylglucosamine and 53% hexose respectively detected by the Elson-Morgen and phenol-sulfuric acid methods. Results indicated the wound area in rats covered with Rhizochitin was 40% less than that of the uncovered group. Rhizochitin decreased the expression of PDGF in the proliferation stage, increased the expression of TGF-β in the inflammation and proliferation stages, and increased the expression of VEGF in the inflammation and proliferation stages. Rhizochitin inhibited secretion of matrix metalloproteinase-9 on days 1, 7, 9, and 12 and matrix metalloproteinase-2 on days 3, 7, 9, and 12. It was concluded that Rhizochitin has beneficial properties of biocompatible, biodegradable, and wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Yin Chien
- School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Ko Da Pharmaceutical Co., Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ling-Chun Chen
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Chen Chen
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Thau Sheu
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Clinical Research Center and Traditional Herbal Medicine Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Chi Tsai
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Materials and Tissue Engineering, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsiu-O Ho
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Hua Su
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Der-Zen Liu
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Materials and Tissue Engineering, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Center for General Education, Hsuan Chuang University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
- * E-mail:
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Blel W, Dif M, Sire O. Effect of a new regeneration process by adsorption-coagulation and flocculation on the physicochemical properties and the detergent efficiency of regenerated cleaning solutions. J Environ Manage 2015; 155:1-10. [PMID: 25770957 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2015.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2014] [Revised: 03/04/2015] [Accepted: 03/05/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Reprocessing soiled cleaning-in-place (CIP) solutions has large economic and environmental costs, and it would be cheaper and greener to recycle them. In food industries, recycling of CIP solutions requires a suitable green process engineered to take into account the extreme physicochemical conditions of cleaning while not altering the process efficiency. To this end, an innovative treatment process combining adsorption-coagulation with flocculation was tested on multiple recycling of acid and basic cleaning solutions. In-depth analysis of time-course evolutions was carried out in the physicochemical properties (concentration, surface tension, viscosity, COD, total nitrogen) of these solutions over the course of successive regenerations. Cleaning and disinfection efficiencies were assessed based on both microbiological analyses and organic matter detachment and solubilization from fouled stainless steel surfaces. Microbiological analyses using a resistant bacterial strain (Bacillus subtilis spores) highlighted that solutions regenerated up to 20 times maintained the same bactericidal efficiency as de novo NaOH solutions. The cleanability of stainless steel surfaces showed that regenerated solutions allow better surface wettability, which goes to explain the improved detachment and solubilization found on different types of organic and inorganic fouling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walid Blel
- Université de Nantes, CNRS, GEPEA, UMR 6144, CRTT, 37 Boulevard de l'Université, BP 406, 44602 Saint-Nazaire Cedex, France.
| | - Mehdi Dif
- Elodys International, Allée du Lac Bleu ZI Carrières Beurrières, 49240 Avrillé, France; Université de Bretagne-Sud, LIMAT B (EA4250), Allée des Pommiers, 56300 Pontivy, France
| | - Olivier Sire
- Université de Bretagne-Sud, LIMAT B (EA4250), Allée des Pommiers, 56300 Pontivy, France
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Si S, Chen Y, Fan C, Hu H, Li Y, Huang J, Liao H, Hao B, Li Q, Peng L, Tu Y. Lignin extraction distinctively enhances biomass enzymatic saccharification in hemicelluloses-rich Miscanthus species under various alkali and acid pretreatments. Bioresour Technol 2015; 183:248-54. [PMID: 25746301 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2015.02.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2015] [Revised: 02/06/2015] [Accepted: 02/07/2015] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
In this study, one- and two-step pretreatments with alkali and acid were performed in the three Miscanthus species that exhibit distinct hemicelluloses levels. As a result, one-step with 4% NaOH or two-step with 2% NaOH and 1% H2SO4 was examined to be optimal for high biomass saccharification, indicating that alkali was the main effecter of pretreatments. Notably, both one- and two-step pretreatments largely enhanced biomass digestibility distinctive in hemicelluloses-rich samples by effectively co-extracting hemicelluloses and lignin. However, correlation analysis further indicated that the effective lignin extraction, other than the hemicelluloses removals, predominately determined biomass saccharification under various alkali and acid pretreatments, leading to a significant alteration of cellulose crystallinity. Hence, this study has suggested the potential approaches in bioenergy crop breeding and biomass process technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengli Si
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Biomass and Bioenergy Research Centre, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; College of Environment and Life Science, Kaili University, Kaili 556011, China
| | - Yan Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Biomass and Bioenergy Research Centre, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Chunfen Fan
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Biomass and Bioenergy Research Centre, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Huizhen Hu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Biomass and Bioenergy Research Centre, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Ying Li
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Biomass and Bioenergy Research Centre, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jiangfeng Huang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Biomass and Bioenergy Research Centre, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Haofeng Liao
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Biomass and Bioenergy Research Centre, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Bo Hao
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Biomass and Bioenergy Research Centre, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Qing Li
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Biomass and Bioenergy Research Centre, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; College of Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Liangcai Peng
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Biomass and Bioenergy Research Centre, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yuanyuan Tu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Biomass and Bioenergy Research Centre, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
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He YC, Liu F, Gong L, Zhu ZZ, Ding Y, Wang C, Xue YF, Rui H, Tao ZC, Zhang DP, Ma CL. Significantly improving enzymatic saccharification of high crystallinity index's corn stover by combining ionic liquid [Bmim]Cl-HCl-water media with dilute NaOH pretreatment. Bioresour Technol 2015; 189:421-425. [PMID: 25921785 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2015.04.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2015] [Revised: 04/15/2015] [Accepted: 04/16/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a pretreatment by combining acidified aqueous ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride (IL [Bmim]Cl) solution with dilute NaOH extraction was employed to pretreat high crystallinity index (CrI) of corn stover before its enzymatic saccharification. After NaOH extraction, [Bmim]Cl-HCl-water (78.8:1.2:20, w/w/w) media was used for further pretreatment at 130 °C for 30 min. After being enzymatically hydrolyzed for 48 h, corn stover pretreated could be biotransformed into reducing sugars in the yield of 95.1%. Furthermore, SEM, XRD and FTIR analyses of untreated and pretreated corn stovers were examined. It was found that the intact structure was disrupted by combination pretreatment and resulted in a porous and amorphous regenerated cellulosic material that greatly improved enzymatic hydrolysis. Finally, the recovered hydrolyzates obtained from the enzymatic hydrolysis of pretreated corn stovers could be fermented into ethanol efficiently. In conclusion, the combination pretreatment shows high potential application in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Cai He
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology, College of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Life Sciences, Changzhou University, Changzhou, China.
| | - Feng Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology, College of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Life Sciences, Changzhou University, Changzhou, China
| | - Lei Gong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology, College of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Life Sciences, Changzhou University, Changzhou, China
| | - Zheng-Zhong Zhu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology, College of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Life Sciences, Changzhou University, Changzhou, China
| | - Yun Ding
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology, College of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Life Sciences, Changzhou University, Changzhou, China
| | - Cheng Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology, College of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Life Sciences, Changzhou University, Changzhou, China
| | - Yu-Feng Xue
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology, College of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Life Sciences, Changzhou University, Changzhou, China
| | - Huan Rui
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology, College of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Life Sciences, Changzhou University, Changzhou, China
| | - Zhi-Cheng Tao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology, College of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Life Sciences, Changzhou University, Changzhou, China
| | - Dan-Ping Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology, College of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Life Sciences, Changzhou University, Changzhou, China
| | - Cui-Luan Ma
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology, College of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Life Sciences, Changzhou University, Changzhou, China
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Miller FN, Joshua IG, Harris PD, Wiegman DL, Jauchem JR. Peritoneal dialysis solutions and the microcirculation. Contrib Nephrol 2015; 17:51-8. [PMID: 487831 DOI: 10.1159/000402980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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50
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Huang Y, Wei X, Zhou S, Liu M, Tu Y, Li A, Chen P, Wang Y, Zhang X, Tai H, Peng L, Xia T. Steam explosion distinctively enhances biomass enzymatic saccharification of cotton stalks by largely reducing cellulose polymerization degree in G. barbadense and G. hirsutum. Bioresour Technol 2015; 181:224-30. [PMID: 25656866 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2015.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2014] [Revised: 01/04/2015] [Accepted: 01/06/2015] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
In this study, steam explosion pretreatment was performed in cotton stalks, leading to 5-6 folds enhancements on biomass enzymatic saccharification distinctive in Gossypium barbadense and Gossypium hirsutum species. Sequential 1% H2SO4 pretreatment could further increase biomass digestibility of the steam-exploded stalks, and also cause the highest sugar-ethanol conversion rates probably by releasing less inhibitor to yeast fermentation. By comparison, extremely high concentration alkali (16% NaOH) pretreatment with raw stalks resulted in the highest hexoses yields, but it had the lowest sugar-ethanol conversion rates. Characterization of wall polymer features indicated that biomass saccharification was enhanced with steam explosion by largely reducing cellulose DP and extracting hemicelluloses. It also showed that cellulose crystallinity and arabinose substitution degree of xylans were the major factors on biomass digestibility in cotton stalks. Hence, this study has provided the insights into cell wall modification and biomass process technology in cotton stalks and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Huang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; Biomass and Bioenergy Research Centre, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xiaoyang Wei
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Biomass and Bioenergy Research Centre, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Shiguang Zhou
- Biomass and Bioenergy Research Centre, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Mingyong Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Biomass and Bioenergy Research Centre, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yuanyuan Tu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Biomass and Bioenergy Research Centre, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Ao Li
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Biomass and Bioenergy Research Centre, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Peng Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Biomass and Bioenergy Research Centre, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yanting Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Biomass and Bioenergy Research Centre, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xuewen Zhang
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Hongzhong Tai
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Agricultural Production Division, Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, Alar Xinjiang 843300, China
| | - Liangcai Peng
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Biomass and Bioenergy Research Centre, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Tao Xia
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Biomass and Bioenergy Research Centre, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
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