1
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Wang J, Chen J, Studts J, Wang G. Simultaneous prediction of 16 quality attributes during protein A chromatography using machine learning based Raman spectroscopy models. Biotechnol Bioeng 2024; 121:1729-1738. [PMID: 38419489 DOI: 10.1002/bit.28679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Several key technologies for advancing biopharmaceutical manufacturing depend on the successful implementation of process analytical technologies that can monitor multiple product quality attributes in a continuous in-line setting. Raman spectroscopy is an emerging technology in the biopharma industry that promises to fit this strategic need, yet its application is not widespread due to limited success for predicting a meaningful number of quality attributes. In this study, we addressed this very problem by demonstrating new capabilities for preprocessing Raman spectra using a series of Butterworth filters. The resulting increase in the number of spectral features is paired with a machine learning algorithm and laboratory automation hardware to drive the automated collection and training of a calibration model that allows for the prediction of 16 different product quality attributes in an in-line mode. The demonstrated ability to generate these Raman-based models for in-process product quality monitoring is the breakthrough to increase process understanding by delivering product quality data in a continuous manner. The implementation of this multiattribute in-line technology will create new workflows within process development, characterization, validation, and control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiarui Wang
- Late Stage Downstream Process Development, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH/Co. KG, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Jingyi Chen
- Late Stage Downstream Process Development, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH/Co. KG, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
- Bioprocess development and modelling, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Joey Studts
- Late Stage Downstream Process Development, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH/Co. KG, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Gang Wang
- Late Stage Downstream Process Development, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH/Co. KG, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
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2
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Altena R, Burén SA, Blomgren A, Karlsson E, Tzortzakakis A, Brun N, Moein MM, Jussing E, Frejd FY, Bergh J, Tran TA, Hartman J, Axelsson R. Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2 (HER2) PET Imaging of HER2-Low Breast Cancer with [ 68Ga]Ga-ABY-025: Results from a Pilot Study. J Nucl Med 2024; 65:700-707. [PMID: 38548353 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.123.266847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Patients with HER2-low metastatic breast cancer (mBC), defined as an immunohistochemistry (IHC) score of 1+ or 2+ without HER2 gene amplification, may benefit from HER2 antibody-drug conjugates. Identifying suitable candidates is a clinical challenge because of spatial and temporal heterogeneity in HER2 expression and discrepancies in pathologic reporting. We aimed to investigate the feasibility and safety of HER2-specific PET imaging with [68Ga]Ga-ABY-025 for visualization of HER2-low mBC. Methods: A prospective pilot study was done with 10 patients who had HER2-low mBC, as part of a phase 2 basket imaging study with [68Ga]Ga-ABY-025 in HER2-expressing solid tumors. Patients were recruited at the Breast Clinic at the Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden. PET/CT images were acquired 3 h after injection of 200 MBq of [68Ga]Ga-ABY-025. The SUVmax was used to quantify tracer uptake. Ultrasound-guided tumor biopsies were guided by results from the HER2 PET. The main outcome-the safety and feasibility of HER2 PET in patients with HER2-low mBC, measured the occurrence of possible procedure-related adverse events. Results: Ten patients with HER2-low mBC underwent [68Ga]Ga-ABY-025 PET/CT with paired tumor biopsies. No adverse events occurred. In all patients, [68Ga]Ga-ABY-025-avid lesions with substantial intra- and interindividual heterogeneity in tracer uptake were noted. In 8 of 10 patients with ABY-025-avid lesions, the HER2-low status of the corresponding lesions was confirmed by IHC or in situ hybridization. Two patients had an IHC score of 0 in the tumor biopsies:1 in a cutaneous lesion with a low SUVmax and 1 in a liver metastasis with a high SUVmax but a "cold" core. Conclusion: The visualization of HER2-low mBC with [68Ga]Ga-ABY-025 PET/CT was feasible and safe. Areas of tracer uptake showed varying levels of HER2 expression on IHC. The observed intra- and interindividual heterogeneity in [68Ga]Ga-ABY-025 uptake suggested that HER2 PET might be used as a tool for the noninvasive assessment of disease heterogeneity and has the potential to identify patients in whom HER2-targeted drugs can have a clinical benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renske Altena
- Karolinska Comprehensive Cancer Center, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Sweden;
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Siri Af Burén
- Division of Radiology, Department for Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology (CLINTEC), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Medical Radiation Physics and Nuclear Medicine, Functional Unit of Nuclear Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - August Blomgren
- Medical Radiation Physics and Nuclear Medicine, Functional Unit of Nuclear Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Emelie Karlsson
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Antonios Tzortzakakis
- Division of Radiology, Department for Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology (CLINTEC), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Medical Radiation Physics and Nuclear Medicine, Functional Unit of Nuclear Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Sweden
| | | | - Mohammad M Moein
- Department of Radiopharmacy, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Sweden
| | - Emma Jussing
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Radiopharmacy, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Sweden
| | - Fredrik Y Frejd
- Affibody AB, Solna, Sweden
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jonas Bergh
- Karolinska Comprehensive Cancer Center, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Sweden
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Thuy A Tran
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Radiopharmacy, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Sweden
| | - Johan Hartman
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Pathology and Cancer Diagnostics, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Sweden; and
| | - Rimma Axelsson
- Medical Radiation Physics and Nuclear Medicine, Functional Unit of Nuclear Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Sweden
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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3
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Hashimoto T, Yamagami J. Development of a novel treatment for pemphigus and confirmation of its efficacy: a randomized controlled trial of protein A immunoadsorption therapy. Br J Dermatol 2024; 190:609. [PMID: 38174665 DOI: 10.1093/bjd/ljae008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Hashimoto
- Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Jun Yamagami
- Department of Dermatology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
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Lin MH, Liu CC, Lu CW, Shu JC. Staphylococcus aureus foldase PrsA contributes to the folding and secretion of protein A. BMC Microbiol 2024; 24:108. [PMID: 38566014 PMCID: PMC10986000 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-024-03268-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Staphylococcus aureus secretes a variety of proteins including virulence factors that cause diseases. PrsA, encoded by many Gram-positive bacteria, is a membrane-anchored lipoprotein that functions as a foldase to assist in post-translocational folding and helps maintain the stability of secreted proteins. Our earlier proteomic studies found that PrsA is required for the secretion of protein A, an immunoglobulin-binding protein that contributes to host immune evasion. This study aims to investigate how PrsA influences protein A secretion. RESULTS We found that in comparison with the parental strain HG001, the prsA-deletion mutant HG001ΔprsA secreted less protein A. Deleting prsA also decreased the stability of exported protein A. Pulldown assays indicated that PrsA interacts with protein A in vivo. The domains in PrsA that interact with protein A are mapped to both the N- and C-terminal regions (NC domains). Additionally, the NC domains are essential for promoting PrsA dimerization. Furthermore, an immunoglobulin-binding assay revealed that, compared to the parental strain HG001, fewer immunoglobulins bound to the surface of the mutant strain HG001ΔprsA. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates that PrsA is critical for the folding and secretion of protein A. The information derived from this study provides a better understanding of virulent protein export pathways that are crucial to the pathogenicity of S. aureus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Hui Lin
- Graduate Institute of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, 333, Taiwan.
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Tao-Yuan, 333, Taiwan.
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Tao- Yuan, 333, Taiwan.
| | - Chao-Chin Liu
- Graduate Institute of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, 333, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Tao- Yuan, 333, Taiwan
| | - Chiao-Wen Lu
- Graduate Institute of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, 333, Taiwan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Tao-Yuan, 333, Taiwan
| | - Jwu-Ching Shu
- Graduate Institute of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, 333, Taiwan.
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Tao-Yuan, 333, Taiwan.
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Tao- Yuan, 333, Taiwan.
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5
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Wysor SK, Synoground BF, Harcum SW, Marcus RK. In-line buffer exchange in the coupling of Protein A chromatography with weak cation exchange chromatography for the determination of charge variants of immunoglobulin G derived from chinese hamster ovary cell cultures. J Chromatogr A 2024; 1718:464722. [PMID: 38359690 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2024.464722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Immunoglobulin G (IgG) is the most common monoclonal antibody (mAb) grown for therapeutic applications. While IgG is often selectively isolated from cell lines using protein A (ProA) chromatography, this is only a stepping stone for complete characterization. Further classification can be obtained from weak cation exchange chromatography (WCX) to determine IgG charge variant distributions. The charge variants of monoclonal antibodies can influence the stability and efficacy in vivo, and deviations in charge heterogeneity are often cell-specific and sensitive to upstream process variability. Current methods to characterize IgG charge variants are often performed off-line, meaning that the IgG eluate from the ProA separation is collected, diluted to adjust the pH, and then transferred to the WCX separation, adding time, complexity, and potential contamination to the sample analysis process. More recently, reports have appeared to streamline this separation using in-line two-dimensional liquid chromatography (2D-LC). Presented here is a novel, 2D-LC coupling of ProA in the first dimension (1D) and WCX in the second dimension (2D) chromatography. As anticipated, the initial direct column coupling proved to be challenging due to the pH incompatibility between the mobile phases for the two stages. To solve the solvent compatibility issue, a size exclusion column was placed in the switching valve loop of the 2D-LC instrument to act as a means for the on-line solvent exchange. The efficacy of the methodology presented was confirmed through a charge variant determination using the NIST monoclonal antibody standard (NIST mAb), yielding correct acidic, main, and basic variant compositions. The methodology was employed to determine the charge variant profile of IgG from an in-house cultured Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell supernatant. It is believed that this methodology can be easily implemented to provide higher-throughput assessment of IgG charge variants for process monitoring and cell line development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah K Wysor
- Department of Chemistry, Biosystems Research Complex, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634-0973, USA
| | - Benjamin F Synoground
- Department of Bioengineering, Biosystems Research Complex, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634-0973, USA
| | - Sarah W Harcum
- Department of Bioengineering, Biosystems Research Complex, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634-0973, USA
| | - R Kenneth Marcus
- Department of Chemistry, Biosystems Research Complex, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634-0973, USA.
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Mandelli AP, Magri G, Tortoli M, Torricelli S, Laera D, Bagnoli F, Finco O, Bensi G, Brazzoli M, Chiarot E. Vaccination with staphylococcal protein A protects mice against systemic complications of skin infection recurrences. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1355764. [PMID: 38529283 PMCID: PMC10961379 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1355764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Skin and soft tissue infections (SSTIs) are the most common diseases caused by Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), which can progress to threatening conditions due to recurrences and systemic complications. Staphylococcal protein A (SpA) is an immunomodulator antigen of S. aureus, which allows bacterial evasion from the immune system by interfering with different types of immune responses to pathogen antigens. Immunization with SpA could potentially unmask the pathogen to the immune system, leading to the production of antibodies that can protect from a second encounter with S. aureus, as it occurs in skin infection recurrences. Here, we describe a study in which mice are immunized with a mutated form of SpA mixed with the Adjuvant System 01 (SpAmut/AS01) before a primary S. aureus skin infection. Although mice are not protected from the infection under these conditions, they are able to mount a broader pathogen-specific functional immune response that results in protection against systemic dissemination of bacteria following an S. aureus second infection (recurrence). We show that this "hidden effect" of SpA can be partially explained by higher functionality of induced anti-SpA antibodies, which promotes better phagocytic activity. Moreover, a broader and stronger humoral response is elicited against several S. aureus antigens that during an infection are masked by SpA activity, which could prevent S. aureus spreading from the skin through the blood.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Greta Magri
- Bacterial Vx Unit, GlaxoSmithKline, Siena, Italy
| | - Marco Tortoli
- Animal Resource Center, GlaxoSmithKline, Siena, Italy
| | | | | | - Fabio Bagnoli
- Infectious Disease Research Unit, GlaxoSmithKline, Upper Providence, PA, United States
| | - Oretta Finco
- Bacterial Vx Unit, GlaxoSmithKline, Siena, Italy
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7
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Anupa A, Metya S, Mihooliya KN, Rathore AS. Development of continuous processing platform utilizing aqueous two-phase extraction for purification of monoclonal antibodies. J Chromatogr A 2024; 1715:464605. [PMID: 38150873 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2023.464605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
Monoclonal antibody downstream processing typically entails chromatography-based purification processes beginning with Protein A chromatography, accounting for 50 % of the total manufacturing expense. Alternatives to protein A chromatography have been explored by several researchers. In this paper, aqueous two-phase extraction (ATPE) has been proposed for continuous processing of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) as an alternative to the traditional protein A chromatography. The PEG-sulfate system has been employed for phase formation in ATPE, and the mAb is separated in the salt phase, while impurities like high molecular weight (HMW) and host cell proteins (HCPs) are separated in the PEG phase. Following ATPE of clarified cell culture harvest, yield of ≥ 80 % and purity of ≥ 97 % were achieved in the salt phase. Considerable (28 %) reduction in consumable cost has been estimated when comparing the proposed platform to the traditional protein A based platform. The outcomes demonstrate that ATPE can be a potentially effective substitute for the traditional Protein A chromatography for purification of mAbs. The proposed platform offers easy implementation, delivers comparative results, and offers significantly better economics for manufacturing mAb-based biotherapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anupa Anupa
- School of Interdisciplinary Research, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Subhankar Metya
- School of Interdisciplinary Research, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Kanti N Mihooliya
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Anurag S Rathore
- School of Interdisciplinary Research, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, India; Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, India.
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8
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Lin CY, Murayama T, Futada K, Tanaka S, Masuda Y, Honjoh KI, Miyamoto T. Screening of genes involved in phage-resistance of Escherichia coli and effects of substances interacting with primosomal protein A on the resistant bacteria. J Appl Microbiol 2024; 135:lxad318. [PMID: 38142224 DOI: 10.1093/jambio/lxad318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/25/2023]
Abstract
AIMS The study was to identify the genes involved in phage resistance and to develop an effective biocontrol method to improve the lytic activity of phages against foodborne pathogens. METHODS AND RESULTS A total of 3,909 single gene-deletion mutants of Escherichia coli BW25113 from the Keio collection were individually screened for genes involved in phage resistance. Phage S127BCL3 isolated from chicken liver, infecting both E. coli BW25113 and O157: H7, was characterized and used for screening. The 10 gene-deletion mutants showed increased susceptibility to phage S127BCL3. Among them, priA gene-deletion mutant strain showed significant susceptibility to the phages S127BCL3 and T7. Furthermore, we investigated the substances that have been reported to inhibit the function of primosomal protein A (PriA) and were used to confirm increased phage susceptibility in E. coli BW25113 (Parent strain) and O157: H7. CONCLUSION PriA inhibitors at a low concentration showed combined effects with phage against E. coli O157: H7 and delayed the regrowth rate of phage-resistant cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Yu Lin
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Tomoka Murayama
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Koshiro Futada
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Shota Tanaka
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Yoshimitsu Masuda
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichi Honjoh
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Takahisa Miyamoto
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
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9
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Gehrmann N, Daxbacher A, Hahn R. Rapid purification of mAb using protein a membranes yielding high HCP clearance. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2024; 1232:123989. [PMID: 38154412 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2023.123989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
Protein A chromatography remains the crucial step in mAb purification because of the high binding specificity and impurity clearance. In recent years, highly productive membrane adsorbers emerged as an alternative to traditional resins allowing for rapid purification of biomolecules. In this study, we tested three commercially available protein A membranes (Sartobind® Rapid A, HiTrap Fibro™ PrismA and GORE™ Protein Capture Device) regarding flow distribution, permeability and binding performance. As an application study using a cell-culture supernatant (CCS) containing monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), acidic and high pH wash steps were investigated regarding recovery and impurity removal. All membranes proved their applicability as highly productive capture media leading to high HCP and DNA removal with no observable influence on recovery. GORE™ Protein Capture Device exhibited a superior flow distribution but revealed diffusional limitations at high flow rates. Sartobind® Rapid A and HiTrap Fibro™ PrismA showed binding capacities of ∼ 40 g/L even at residence times (RTs) < 12 s but were limited by hydrodynamics suggesting room for improvement with optimized membrane housing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nils Gehrmann
- Institute of Bioprocess Science and Engineering, Department of Biotechnology. University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Andreas Daxbacher
- Institute of Bioprocess Science and Engineering, Department of Biotechnology. University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Rainer Hahn
- Institute of Bioprocess Science and Engineering, Department of Biotechnology. University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria.
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10
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Aoki S, Mori S, Matsui H, Shibayama K, Kenri T, Rimbara E. Characterization of HcaA, a novel autotransporter protein in Helicobacter cinaedi, and its role in host cell adhesion. mSphere 2023; 8:e0040323. [PMID: 38009997 PMCID: PMC10732068 DOI: 10.1128/msphere.00403-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Helicobacter species are classified as gastric or enterohepatic according to their habitat. Among enterohepatic Helicobacter species, which inhabit the intestine, colon, and liver, Helicobacter cinaedi has been most frequently isolated from humans. H. cinaedi often causes bacteremia and cellulitis in immunocompromised hosts. Here, we focused on the H. cinaedi autotransporter protein A (HcaA), a novel virulence factor in H. cinaedi. We discovered that HcaA contributes to cell adhesion via its Arg-Gly-Asp motif. Furthermore, in animal experiments, bacterial colonization was reduced in mice infected with HcaA-knockout strains, supporting the hypothesis that HcaA contributes to H. cinaedi adhesion to host cells. Our study provides a novel mechanism for the establishment of H. cinaedi infections and provides new insights into the role of autotransporter proteins in the establishment of Helicobacter infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sae Aoki
- Department of Bacteriology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shigetarou Mori
- Department of Bacteriology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hidenori Matsui
- Department of Bacteriology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keigo Shibayama
- Department of Bacteriology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Kenri
- Department of Bacteriology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Emiko Rimbara
- Department of Bacteriology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
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11
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Leal-Lopes C, D'Angelo S, Erasmus MF, Teixeira AAR, Temples G, Zhou J, Bradbury ARM, Ferrara F. High throughput purification of monoclonal recombinant antibodies using a Protein-A coated membrane plate system. N Biotechnol 2023; 77:111-119. [PMID: 37648151 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbt.2023.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
The therapeutic use of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) ranges from cancer treatment to immune-mediated conditions, covering infectious and cardiovascular disorders, among others. The development of improved methods for therapeutic antibody discovery has accelerated the identification of numerous mAbs: a discovery campaign can be deeply mined, resulting in hundreds, even thousands, of potential antibody leads for a given target of interest. High throughput mAb expression and purification methods are required for the rapid validation of those leads. In this work, we describe the implementation of a Protein-A coated membrane plate system, the Purexa™ AHT membrane plate, for robust preparative purification of hundreds of recombinant mAbs, without the need for automation. The high efficiency (>80%) recovery generated sufficient mAb for downstream screening analyses such as ELISA and surface plasmon resonance (SPR). This new system allows the functional validation of hundreds of lead antibodies from discovery campaigns in a timely manner regardless of operational size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Leal-Lopes
- New Mexico Consortium, 4200 W. Jemez Rd, Suite 301, Los Alamos, NM 87544, USA
| | - Sara D'Angelo
- Specifica Inc, a Q2 Solution Company, 1607 Alcaldesa Street, Santa Fe, NM 87501, USA
| | - M Frank Erasmus
- Specifica Inc, a Q2 Solution Company, 1607 Alcaldesa Street, Santa Fe, NM 87501, USA
| | - Andre A R Teixeira
- New Mexico Consortium, 4200 W. Jemez Rd, Suite 301, Los Alamos, NM 87544, USA
| | - Graham Temples
- Purilogics, a Donaldson Brand, 900B W Faris Rd., Greenville, SC 29605, USA
| | - Jinxiang Zhou
- Purilogics, a Donaldson Brand, 900B W Faris Rd., Greenville, SC 29605, USA
| | - Andrew R M Bradbury
- Specifica Inc, a Q2 Solution Company, 1607 Alcaldesa Street, Santa Fe, NM 87501, USA.
| | - Fortunato Ferrara
- Specifica Inc, a Q2 Solution Company, 1607 Alcaldesa Street, Santa Fe, NM 87501, USA.
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12
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Wilson C, Karttunen M, de Groot BL, Gapsys V. Accurately Predicting Protein p Ka Values Using Nonequilibrium Alchemy. J Chem Theory Comput 2023; 19:7833-7845. [PMID: 37820376 PMCID: PMC10653114 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.3c00721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
The stability, solubility, and function of a protein depend on both its net charge and the protonation states of its individual residues. pKa is a measure of the tendency for a given residue to (de)protonate at a specific pH. Although pKa values can be resolved experimentally, theory and computation provide a compelling alternative. To this end, we assess the applicability of a nonequilibrium (NEQ) alchemical free energy method to the problem of pKa prediction. On a data set of 144 residues that span 13 proteins, we report an average unsigned error of 0.77 ± 0.09, 0.69 ± 0.09, and 0.52 ± 0.04 pK for aspartate, glutamate, and lysine, respectively. This is comparable to current state-of-the-art predictors and the accuracy recently reached using free energy perturbation methods (e.g., FEP+). Moreover, we demonstrate that our open-source, pmx-based approach can accurately resolve the pKa values of coupled residues and observe a substantial performance disparity associated with the lysine partial charges in Amber14SB/Amber99SB*-ILDN, for which an underused fix already exists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carter
J. Wilson
- Department
of Mathematics, The University of Western
Ontario, N6A 5B7 London, Canada
- Centre
for Advanced Materials and Biomaterials Research (CAMBR), The University of Western Ontario, N6A 5B7 London, Canada
| | - Mikko Karttunen
- Centre
for Advanced Materials and Biomaterials Research (CAMBR), The University of Western Ontario, N6A 5B7 London, Canada
- Department
of Physics & Astronomy, The University
of Western Ontario, N6A
5B7 London, Canada
- Department
of Chemistry, The University of Western
Ontario, N6A 5B7 London, Canada
| | - Bert L. de Groot
- Computational
Biomolecular Dynamics Group, Department of Theoretical and Computational
Biophysics, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary
Sciences, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Vytautas Gapsys
- Computational
Biomolecular Dynamics Group, Department of Theoretical and Computational
Biophysics, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary
Sciences, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
- Computational
Chemistry, Janssen Research & Development, Janssen Pharmaceutica N. V., Turnhoutseweg 30, B-2340 Beerse, Belgium
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13
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Canuto F, Duret S, Dubrana MP, Claverol S, Malembic-Maher S, Foissac X, Arricau-Bouvery N. A knockdown gene approach identifies an insect vector membrane protein with leucin-rich repeats as one of the receptors for the VmpA adhesin of flavescence dorée phytoplasma. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1289100. [PMID: 38029232 PMCID: PMC10662966 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1289100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The adhesion of flavescence dorée phytoplasma to the midgut epithelium cells of their insect vectors is partially mediated by the variable membrane protein A (VmpA), an adhesin which shows lectin properties. In order to identify the insect receptor for VmpA, we identified Euscelidius variegatus cell proteins interacting with recombinant VmpA-His6. Methods The E. variegatus proteins were identified by mass spectrometry analysis of VmpA-E. variegatus protein complexes formed upon in vitro interaction assays. To assess their impact in VmpA binding, we reduced the expression of the candidate genes on E. variegatus cells in culture by dsRNA-mediated RNAi. The effect of candidate gene knockdown on VmpA binding was measured by the capacity of E. variegatus cells to bind VmpA-coated fluorescent beads. Results and discussion There were 13 candidate proteins possessing potential N-glycosylation sites and predicted transmembrane domains selected. The decrease of expression of an unknown transmembrane protein with leucine-rich repeat domains (uk1_LRR) was correlated with the decreased adhesion of VmpA beads to E. variegatus cells. The uk1_LRR was more expressed in digestive tubes than salivary glands of E. variegatus. The protein uk1_LRR could be implicated in the binding with VmpA in the early stages of insect infection following phytoplasmas ingestion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Canuto
- Univ. Bordeaux, INRAE, Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, UMR 1332, Villenave d’Ornon, France
| | - Sybille Duret
- Univ. Bordeaux, INRAE, Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, UMR 1332, Villenave d’Ornon, France
| | - Marie-Pierre Dubrana
- Univ. Bordeaux, INRAE, Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, UMR 1332, Villenave d’Ornon, France
| | | | - Sylvie Malembic-Maher
- Univ. Bordeaux, INRAE, Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, UMR 1332, Villenave d’Ornon, France
| | - Xavier Foissac
- Univ. Bordeaux, INRAE, Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, UMR 1332, Villenave d’Ornon, France
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14
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Ludwig N, Thörner-van Almsick J, Mersmann S, Bardel B, Niemann S, Chasan AI, Schäfers M, Margraf A, Rossaint J, Kahl BC, Zarbock A, Block H. Nuclease activity and protein A release of Staphylococcus aureus clinical isolates determine the virulence in a murine model of acute lung infection. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1259004. [PMID: 37849760 PMCID: PMC10577289 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1259004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is a common cause of hospital-acquired pneumonia associated with high mortality. Adequate clinical treatment is impeded by increasing occurrence of antibiotic resistances. Understanding the underlying mechanisms of its virulence during infections is a prerequisite to finding alternative treatments. Here, we demonstrated that an increased nuclease activity of a S. aureus isolate from a person with cystic fibrosis confers a growth advantage in a model of acute lung infection compared to the isogenic strain with low nuclease activity. Comparing these CF-isolates with a common MRSA-USA300 strain with similarly high nuclease activity but significantly elevated levels of Staphylococcal Protein A (SpA) revealed that infection with USA300 resulted in a significantly increased bacterial burden in a model of murine lung infection. Replenishment with the cell wall-bound SpA of S. aureus, which can also be secreted into the environment and binds to tumor necrosis factor receptor -1 (TNFR-1) to the CF-isolates abrogated these differences. In vitro experiments confirmed significant differences in spa-expression between USA300 compared to CF-isolates, thereby influencing TNFR-1 shedding, L-selectin shedding, and production of reactive oxygen species through activation of ADAM17.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Ludwig
- Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Julia Thörner-van Almsick
- Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Sina Mersmann
- Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Bernadette Bardel
- Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Silke Niemann
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Achmet Imam Chasan
- Institute of Immunology, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Michael Schäfers
- European Institute for Molecular Imaging (EIMI), University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Andreas Margraf
- Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Jan Rossaint
- Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Barbara C. Kahl
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Alexander Zarbock
- Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Helena Block
- Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
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15
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Bear A, Locke T, Rowland-Jones S, Pecetta S, Bagnoli F, Darton TC. The immune evasion roles of Staphylococcus aureus protein A and impact on vaccine development. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1242702. [PMID: 37829608 PMCID: PMC10565657 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1242702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
While Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) bacteria are part of the human commensal flora, opportunistic invasion following breach of the epithelial layers can lead to a wide array of infection syndromes at both local and distant sites. Despite ubiquitous exposure from early infancy, the life-long risk of opportunistic infection is facilitated by a broad repertoire of S. aureus virulence proteins. These proteins play a key role in inhibiting development of a long-term protective immune response by mechanisms ranging from dysregulation of the complement cascade to the disruption of leukocyte migration. In this review we describe the recent progress made in dissecting S. aureus immune evasion, focusing on the role of the superantigen, staphylococcal protein A (SpA). Evasion of the normal human immune response drives the ability of S. aureus to cause infection, often recurrently, and is also thought to be a major hindrance in the development of effective vaccination strategies. Understanding the role of S. aureus virulence protein and determining methods overcoming or subverting these mechanisms could lead to much-needed breakthroughs in vaccine and monoclonal antibody development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Bear
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas Locke
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah Rowland-Jones
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Thomas C. Darton
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
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16
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Doltade S, Saldanha M, Patil V, Dandekar P, Jain R. Statistically-aided development of protein A affinity chromatography for enhancing recovery and controlling quality of a monoclonal antibody. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2023; 1227:123829. [PMID: 37478555 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2023.123829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023]
Abstract
Protein A chromatography is widely used for isolation of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) from cell culture components. In this study, the effect of different process parameters of the Protein A purification namely, binding pH, elution pH, flow rate, neutralization pH and tween concentration, on the concentration and quality of the purified mAb were evaluated. Using design of experiments approach, the critical process parameters of protein A chromatography were identified and experimentally optimized. Their impact on quality attributes, such as size variants and charge variants, of the mAb was studied. Multivariate data analysis was subsequently performed using multiple linear regression and partial least squares regression methods. It was observed that the elution pH primarily governed the concentration of the purified mAb and the content of monomers and aggregates, while the tween concentration primarily influenced the main peak of the charge variants. This is the first study that evaluates the impact of tween concentration in buffers on the protein A chromatography purification step. These studies helped in identifying the design space and defining the target robust and optimal setpoints of the responses, which were subsequently verified experimentally. These setpoints not only passed the target criteria but also resulted in the highest recoveries during the investigation. Through this statistically-aided approach, an optimized and robust protein A chromatography process was rationally developed for purification of mAbs, while achieving the desired product quality. This study highlights the influence of multiple parameters of the protein A purification process on critical quality attributes of mAbs, such as the size and charge variants, which has been a very scarcely explored area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shashikant Doltade
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Matunga, Mumbai 400019, India
| | - Marianne Saldanha
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Matunga, Mumbai 400019, India
| | - Vaibhav Patil
- Sartorius Stedim India Private Limited, No. 69/2 & 69/3, Jakkasandra, Nelamangala, Bangalore 562123, India
| | - Prajakta Dandekar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Matunga, Mumbai 400019, India.
| | - Ratnesh Jain
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Matunga, Mumbai 400019, India.
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17
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Liu G, Wang K, Yang Z, Tang X, Chang YF, Dai K, Tang X, Hu B, Zhang Y, Cao S, Huang X, Yan Q, Wu R, Zhao Q, Du S, Wen X, Wen Y. Identification of a Novel Linear B-Cell Epitope of HbpA Protein from Glaesserella parasuis Using Monoclonal Antibody. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:8638. [PMID: 37239984 PMCID: PMC10218323 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24108638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Glaesserella parasuis (G. parasuis.) is the etiological pathogen of Glässer's disease, which causes high economic losses to the pig industry. The heme-binding protein A precursor (HbpA) was a putative virulence-associated factor proposed to be potential subunit vaccine candidate in G. parasuis. In this study, three monoclonal antibodies (mAb) 5D11, 2H81, and 4F2 against recombinant HbpA (rHbpA) of G. parasuis SH0165 (serotype 5) were generated by fusing SP2/0-Ag14 murine myeloma cells and spleen cells from BALB/c mice immunized with the rHbpA. Indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA) demonstrated that the antibody designated 5D11 showed a strong binding affinity with the HbpA protein and was chosen for subsequent experiments. The subtypes of the 5D11 were IgG1/κ chains. Western blot analysis showed that mAb 5D11 could react with all 15 serotype reference strains of G. parasuis. None of the other bacteria tested reacted with 5D11. In addition, a linear B-cell epitope recognized by 5D11 was identified by serial truncations of HbpA protein and then a series of truncated peptides were synthesized to define the minimal region that was required for mAb 5D11 binding. The 5D11 epitope was located on amino acids 324-LPQYEFNLEKAKALLA-339 by testing the 5D11 monoclonal for reactivity with 14 truncations. The minimal epitope 325-PQYEFNLEKAKALLA-339 (designated EP-5D11) was pinpointed by testing the mAb 5D11 for reactivity with a series of synthetic peptides of this region. The epitope was highly conserved among G. parasuis strains, confirmed by alignment analysis. These results indicated that mAb 5D11 and EP-5D11 might potentially be used to develop serological diagnostic tools for G. parasuis. Three-dimensional structural analysis revealed that amino acids of EP-5D11 were in close proximity and may be exposed on the surface of the HbpA protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geyan Liu
- Research Center of Swine Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (G.L.); (K.W.); (Z.Y.); (X.T.); (K.D.); (X.T.); (B.H.); (Y.Z.); (S.C.); (X.H.); (Q.Y.); (R.W.); (Q.Z.); (S.D.); (X.W.)
| | - Kang Wang
- Research Center of Swine Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (G.L.); (K.W.); (Z.Y.); (X.T.); (K.D.); (X.T.); (B.H.); (Y.Z.); (S.C.); (X.H.); (Q.Y.); (R.W.); (Q.Z.); (S.D.); (X.W.)
| | - Zhen Yang
- Research Center of Swine Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (G.L.); (K.W.); (Z.Y.); (X.T.); (K.D.); (X.T.); (B.H.); (Y.Z.); (S.C.); (X.H.); (Q.Y.); (R.W.); (Q.Z.); (S.D.); (X.W.)
| | - Xiaoyu Tang
- Research Center of Swine Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (G.L.); (K.W.); (Z.Y.); (X.T.); (K.D.); (X.T.); (B.H.); (Y.Z.); (S.C.); (X.H.); (Q.Y.); (R.W.); (Q.Z.); (S.D.); (X.W.)
| | - Yung-Fu Chang
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY 14850, USA;
| | - Ke Dai
- Research Center of Swine Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (G.L.); (K.W.); (Z.Y.); (X.T.); (K.D.); (X.T.); (B.H.); (Y.Z.); (S.C.); (X.H.); (Q.Y.); (R.W.); (Q.Z.); (S.D.); (X.W.)
| | - Xinwei Tang
- Research Center of Swine Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (G.L.); (K.W.); (Z.Y.); (X.T.); (K.D.); (X.T.); (B.H.); (Y.Z.); (S.C.); (X.H.); (Q.Y.); (R.W.); (Q.Z.); (S.D.); (X.W.)
| | - Bangdi Hu
- Research Center of Swine Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (G.L.); (K.W.); (Z.Y.); (X.T.); (K.D.); (X.T.); (B.H.); (Y.Z.); (S.C.); (X.H.); (Q.Y.); (R.W.); (Q.Z.); (S.D.); (X.W.)
| | - Yiwen Zhang
- Research Center of Swine Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (G.L.); (K.W.); (Z.Y.); (X.T.); (K.D.); (X.T.); (B.H.); (Y.Z.); (S.C.); (X.H.); (Q.Y.); (R.W.); (Q.Z.); (S.D.); (X.W.)
| | - Sanjie Cao
- Research Center of Swine Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (G.L.); (K.W.); (Z.Y.); (X.T.); (K.D.); (X.T.); (B.H.); (Y.Z.); (S.C.); (X.H.); (Q.Y.); (R.W.); (Q.Z.); (S.D.); (X.W.)
| | - Xiaobo Huang
- Research Center of Swine Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (G.L.); (K.W.); (Z.Y.); (X.T.); (K.D.); (X.T.); (B.H.); (Y.Z.); (S.C.); (X.H.); (Q.Y.); (R.W.); (Q.Z.); (S.D.); (X.W.)
| | - Qigui Yan
- Research Center of Swine Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (G.L.); (K.W.); (Z.Y.); (X.T.); (K.D.); (X.T.); (B.H.); (Y.Z.); (S.C.); (X.H.); (Q.Y.); (R.W.); (Q.Z.); (S.D.); (X.W.)
| | - Rui Wu
- Research Center of Swine Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (G.L.); (K.W.); (Z.Y.); (X.T.); (K.D.); (X.T.); (B.H.); (Y.Z.); (S.C.); (X.H.); (Q.Y.); (R.W.); (Q.Z.); (S.D.); (X.W.)
| | - Qin Zhao
- Research Center of Swine Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (G.L.); (K.W.); (Z.Y.); (X.T.); (K.D.); (X.T.); (B.H.); (Y.Z.); (S.C.); (X.H.); (Q.Y.); (R.W.); (Q.Z.); (S.D.); (X.W.)
| | - Senyan Du
- Research Center of Swine Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (G.L.); (K.W.); (Z.Y.); (X.T.); (K.D.); (X.T.); (B.H.); (Y.Z.); (S.C.); (X.H.); (Q.Y.); (R.W.); (Q.Z.); (S.D.); (X.W.)
| | - Xintian Wen
- Research Center of Swine Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (G.L.); (K.W.); (Z.Y.); (X.T.); (K.D.); (X.T.); (B.H.); (Y.Z.); (S.C.); (X.H.); (Q.Y.); (R.W.); (Q.Z.); (S.D.); (X.W.)
| | - Yiping Wen
- Research Center of Swine Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (G.L.); (K.W.); (Z.Y.); (X.T.); (K.D.); (X.T.); (B.H.); (Y.Z.); (S.C.); (X.H.); (Q.Y.); (R.W.); (Q.Z.); (S.D.); (X.W.)
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18
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Zhang S, Liao X, Chen S, Qian W, Li M, Xu Y, Yang M, Li X, Mo S, Tang M, Wu X, Hu Y, Li Z, Yu R, Abudourousuli A, Song L, Li J. Large Oncosome-Loaded VAPA Promotes Bone-Tropic Metastasis of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Via Formation of Osteoclastic Pre-Metastatic Niche. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2022; 9:e2201974. [PMID: 36169100 PMCID: PMC9631052 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202201974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Tumor-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) function as critical mediators in selective modulation of the microenvironment of distant organs to generate a pre-metastatic niche that facilitates organotropic metastasis. Identifying the organ-specific molecular determinants of EVs can develop potential anti-metastatic therapeutic targets. In the current study, large oncosomes (LOs), atypically large cancer-derived EVs, are found to play a crucial role in facilitating bone-tropic metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells by engineering an osteoclastic pre-metastatic niche and establishing a vicious cycle between the osteoclasts and HCC cells. Transmembrane protein, VAMP-associated protein A (VAPA), is significantly enriched on LOs surface via direct interaction with LOs marker αV-integrin. VAPA-enriched LOs-induced pre-metastatic education transforms the bone into a fertile milieu, which supports the growth of metastatic HCC cells. Mechanically, LOs-delivered VAPA integrates to plasma membrane of osteoclasts and directly interacts with and activates neural Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein (N-WASP) via dual mechanisms, consequently resulting in ARP2/3 complex-mediated reorganization of actin cytoskeleton in osteoclasts and osteoclastogenesis. Importantly, treatment with N-WASP inhibitor 187-1-packaged LOs (LOs/187-1) dramatically abolishes the inductive effect of VAPA-enriched LOs on pre-metastatic niche formation and precludes HCC bone metastasis. These findings reveal a plausible mechanism for bone-tropism of HCC and can represent a potential strategy to prevent HCC bone metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuxia Zhang
- Program of Cancer ResearchKey Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation and Guangzhou Institute of OncologyAffiliated Guangzhou Women and Children's HospitalSchool of Basic Medical SciencesGuangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhou510623P. R. China
- Department of BiochemistryZhongshan School of MedicineSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhou510080P. R. China
| | - Xinyi Liao
- Program of Cancer ResearchKey Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation and Guangzhou Institute of OncologyAffiliated Guangzhou Women and Children's HospitalSchool of Basic Medical SciencesGuangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhou510623P. R. China
- Department of BiochemistryZhongshan School of MedicineSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhou510080P. R. China
| | - Suwen Chen
- Program of Cancer ResearchKey Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation and Guangzhou Institute of OncologyAffiliated Guangzhou Women and Children's HospitalSchool of Basic Medical SciencesGuangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhou510623P. R. China
- Department of BiochemistryZhongshan School of MedicineSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhou510080P. R. China
| | - Wanying Qian
- Program of Cancer ResearchKey Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation and Guangzhou Institute of OncologyAffiliated Guangzhou Women and Children's HospitalSchool of Basic Medical SciencesGuangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhou510623P. R. China
- Department of BiochemistryZhongshan School of MedicineSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhou510080P. R. China
| | - Man Li
- Program of Cancer ResearchKey Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation and Guangzhou Institute of OncologyAffiliated Guangzhou Women and Children's HospitalSchool of Basic Medical SciencesGuangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhou510623P. R. China
- Department of BiochemistryZhongshan School of MedicineSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhou510080P. R. China
| | - Yingru Xu
- Program of Cancer ResearchKey Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation and Guangzhou Institute of OncologyAffiliated Guangzhou Women and Children's HospitalSchool of Basic Medical SciencesGuangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhou510623P. R. China
- Department of BiochemistryZhongshan School of MedicineSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhou510080P. R. China
| | - Meisongzhu Yang
- Program of Cancer ResearchKey Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation and Guangzhou Institute of OncologyAffiliated Guangzhou Women and Children's HospitalSchool of Basic Medical SciencesGuangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhou510623P. R. China
- Department of BiochemistryZhongshan School of MedicineSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhou510080P. R. China
| | - Xincheng Li
- Program of Cancer ResearchKey Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation and Guangzhou Institute of OncologyAffiliated Guangzhou Women and Children's HospitalSchool of Basic Medical SciencesGuangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhou510623P. R. China
- Department of BiochemistryZhongshan School of MedicineSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhou510080P. R. China
| | - Shuang Mo
- Program of Cancer ResearchKey Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation and Guangzhou Institute of OncologyAffiliated Guangzhou Women and Children's HospitalSchool of Basic Medical SciencesGuangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhou510623P. R. China
- Department of BiochemistryZhongshan School of MedicineSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhou510080P. R. China
| | - Miaoling Tang
- Program of Cancer ResearchKey Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation and Guangzhou Institute of OncologyAffiliated Guangzhou Women and Children's HospitalSchool of Basic Medical SciencesGuangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhou510623P. R. China
- Department of BiochemistryZhongshan School of MedicineSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhou510080P. R. China
| | - Xingui Wu
- Program of Cancer ResearchKey Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation and Guangzhou Institute of OncologyAffiliated Guangzhou Women and Children's HospitalSchool of Basic Medical SciencesGuangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhou510623P. R. China
- Department of BiochemistryZhongshan School of MedicineSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhou510080P. R. China
| | - Yameng Hu
- Program of Cancer ResearchKey Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation and Guangzhou Institute of OncologyAffiliated Guangzhou Women and Children's HospitalSchool of Basic Medical SciencesGuangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhou510623P. R. China
- Department of BiochemistryZhongshan School of MedicineSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhou510080P. R. China
| | - Ziwen Li
- Program of Cancer ResearchKey Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation and Guangzhou Institute of OncologyAffiliated Guangzhou Women and Children's HospitalSchool of Basic Medical SciencesGuangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhou510623P. R. China
- Department of BiochemistryZhongshan School of MedicineSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhou510080P. R. China
| | - Ruyuan Yu
- Program of Cancer ResearchKey Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation and Guangzhou Institute of OncologyAffiliated Guangzhou Women and Children's HospitalSchool of Basic Medical SciencesGuangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhou510623P. R. China
- Department of BiochemistryZhongshan School of MedicineSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhou510080P. R. China
| | - Ainiwaerjiang Abudourousuli
- Program of Cancer ResearchKey Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation and Guangzhou Institute of OncologyAffiliated Guangzhou Women and Children's HospitalSchool of Basic Medical SciencesGuangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhou510623P. R. China
- Department of BiochemistryZhongshan School of MedicineSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhou510080P. R. China
| | - Libing Song
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South ChinaCollaborative Innovation Center for Cancer MedicineSun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhou510080P. R. China
| | - Jun Li
- Program of Cancer ResearchKey Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation and Guangzhou Institute of OncologyAffiliated Guangzhou Women and Children's HospitalSchool of Basic Medical SciencesGuangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhou510623P. R. China
- Department of BiochemistryZhongshan School of MedicineSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhou510080P. R. China
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Di Meo V, Moccia M, Sanità G, Crescitelli A, Lamberti A, Galdi V, Rendina I, Esposito E. Probing Denaturation of Protein A via Surface-Enhanced Infrared Absorption Spectroscopy. Biosensors 2022; 12:bios12070530. [PMID: 35884333 PMCID: PMC9313297 DOI: 10.3390/bios12070530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
We apply surface-enhanced infrared absorption (SEIRA) spectroscopy to monitor the denaturation process of a surface-bound protein A monolayer. Our proposed platform relies on a plasmonic metasurface comprising different spatial subregions (“pixels”) that are engineered to exhibit different resonances covering the infrared region of the electromagnetic spectrum that is matched to the vibrational modes of the Amide groups. Specifically, we are able to determine changes in the Amide I and Amide II vibration coupled modes, by comparing the SEIRA reflectance spectra pertaining to the native state and a denatured state induced by a pH variation. In particular, we observe some evident red-shifts in the principal Amide I mode and the Amide II vibration coupled modes (attributable to the breaking of hydrogen bonds), which result in insurmountable barriers for refolding. Thanks to the strong field localization, and consequent enhancement of the light-matter interactions, our proposed sensing platform can operate with extremely small amounts of an analyte, with an estimated detection limit of about 3 femtomoles of molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Di Meo
- Institute of Applied Sciences and Intelligent Systems—Unit of Naples, National Research Council, 80131 Naples, Italy; (V.D.M.); (G.S.); (A.C.); (I.R.)
| | - Massimo Moccia
- Fields & Waves Lab, Department of Engineering, University of Sannio, 82100 Benevento, Italy; (M.M.); (V.G.)
| | - Gennaro Sanità
- Institute of Applied Sciences and Intelligent Systems—Unit of Naples, National Research Council, 80131 Naples, Italy; (V.D.M.); (G.S.); (A.C.); (I.R.)
| | - Alessio Crescitelli
- Institute of Applied Sciences and Intelligent Systems—Unit of Naples, National Research Council, 80131 Naples, Italy; (V.D.M.); (G.S.); (A.C.); (I.R.)
| | - Annalisa Lamberti
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Vincenzo Galdi
- Fields & Waves Lab, Department of Engineering, University of Sannio, 82100 Benevento, Italy; (M.M.); (V.G.)
| | - Ivo Rendina
- Institute of Applied Sciences and Intelligent Systems—Unit of Naples, National Research Council, 80131 Naples, Italy; (V.D.M.); (G.S.); (A.C.); (I.R.)
| | - Emanuela Esposito
- Institute of Applied Sciences and Intelligent Systems—Unit of Naples, National Research Council, 80131 Naples, Italy; (V.D.M.); (G.S.); (A.C.); (I.R.)
- Correspondence:
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20
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Hu L, Liu S, Xia L, Cong X, Xu C, Wang L, Li Y. CHO cathepsin B identified as the protease responsible for a target bispecific antibody fragmentation. Protein Expr Purif 2022; 199:106144. [PMID: 35839975 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2022.106144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
In a previous work we demonstrated that CHO protease caused fragmentation of an expressed bispecific antibody (bsAb) and this detrimental host cell protein (HCP) can be effectively removed through an optimized Protein A wash step. In addition, preliminary evidence suggested that the responsible protease belongs to the threonine or cysteine protease family. In the current study, this protease was further identified as cathepsin B. First, we identified several CHO proteases in the further fractionated Protein A wash using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), and this allowed us to select four candidate proteases. Next, by examining the cleavage pattern of each individual protease and comparing it with that observed during purification, cathepsin B was identified as the protease responsible for the observed bsAb fragmentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixia Hu
- Technology and Process Development (TPD), WuXi Biologics, 288 Fute Zhong Road, Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone, Shanghai, 200131, China
| | - Shanshan Liu
- ,Analytical Sciences (AS), WuXi Biologics, 288 Fute Zhong Road, Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone, Shanghai, 200131, China
| | - Lisha Xia
- Technology and Process Development (TPD), WuXi Biologics, 288 Fute Zhong Road, Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone, Shanghai, 200131, China
| | - Xiaoji Cong
- Technology and Process Development (TPD), WuXi Biologics, 288 Fute Zhong Road, Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone, Shanghai, 200131, China
| | - Chu Xu
- ,Analytical Sciences (AS), WuXi Biologics, 288 Fute Zhong Road, Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone, Shanghai, 200131, China
| | - Li Wang
- Technology and Process Development (TPD), WuXi Biologics, 288 Fute Zhong Road, Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone, Shanghai, 200131, China
| | - Yifeng Li
- Technology and Process Development (TPD), WuXi Biologics, 288 Fute Zhong Road, Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone, Shanghai, 200131, China.
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21
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Elhage A, Turner RJ, Cuthbertson P, Watson D, Sluyter R. Preparation of the Murine Anti-Human P2X7 Receptor Monoclonal Antibody (Clone L4). Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2510:77-98. [PMID: 35776321 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2384-8_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The murine anti-human P2X7 receptor monoclonal antibody (mAb) (clone L4) has been used to study the expression and function of the P2X7 receptor on primary leukocytes, keratinocytes, osteoblasts and neuronal cells, as well as various cell lines. This antibody has also been used to characterize polymorphic variants and isoforms of the P2RX7 gene and P2X7 site-directed mutations, and to identify molecules coassociated with P2X7 in the plasma membrane. This chapter describes the maintenance and cryopreservation of the L4 hybridoma cell line, as well as the generation of tissue culture supernatant containing the anti-human P2X7 mAb, and its subsequent purification by Protein A chromatography and conjugation to DyLight™ 488. Moreover, this chapter describes flow cytometric assays to assess the blocking activity and binding of the anti-human P2X7 mAb against P2X7 on human RPMI 8226 multiple myeloma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amal Elhage
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
- Molecular Horizons and School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Ross J Turner
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
- Molecular Horizons and School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
- Illawarra Cancer Care Centre, Wollongong Hospital, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Peter Cuthbertson
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
- Molecular Horizons and School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Debbie Watson
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
- Molecular Horizons and School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Ronald Sluyter
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, NSW, Australia.
- Molecular Horizons and School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia.
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Curtis MW, Krishnavajhala A, Kneubehl AR, Embers ME, Gettings JR, Yabsley MJ, Lopez JE. Characterization of Immunological Responses to Borrelia Immunogenic Protein A (BipA), a Species-Specific Antigen for North American Tick-Borne Relapsing Fever. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0172221. [PMID: 35579456 PMCID: PMC9241729 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01722-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Tick-borne relapsing fever (TBRF) is a neglected vector-borne bacterial disease distributed worldwide. Borrelia turicatae, Borrelia parkeri, and Borrelia hermsii are three argasid-borne TBRF species previously implicated in human disease in North America. TBRF is likely underdiagnosed due to its nonspecific symptoms and poorly developed diagnostic tests. Studies suggest that the Borrelia immunogenic protein A (BipA) is specific to TBRF Borrelia but heterogenic between species. In this study, we hypothesized that antibody responses generated to BipA are specific to the North American TBRF species infecting a given animal. To test this, we characterized the expression and localization of native BipA in North American species of TBRF Borrelia. We also infected mice by needle inoculation or tick bite with B. turicatae, B. hermsii, or B. parkeri and evaluated serum sample reactivity to recombinant BipA (rBipA) that was produced from each species. Furthermore, serum samples from nonhuman primates and domestic dogs experimentally infected with B. turicatae were assessed. Lastly, we tested human Lyme disease (LD) serum samples to determine potential cross-reactivity to rBipA generated from B. turicatae, B. parkeri, and B. hermsii. Our findings indicate that rBipA has the potential to distinguish between infections of LD- and TBRF-causing spirochetes and that antibody responses were more robust toward the Borrelia species causing infection. This work further supports that rBipA can likely distinguish between B. turicatae, B. hermsii, and B. parkeri infections in mice, canines, and nonhuman primates. IMPORTANCEBorrelia species transmitted by soft or hard ticks cause tick-borne relapsing fever (TBRF). This is a debilitating disease distributed worldwide but is likely underdiagnosed or misdiagnosed as Lyme disease due to poorly developed diagnostic tests. Borrelia turicatae, Borrelia parkeri, and Borrelia hermsii are three TBRF species previously implicated in human disease in North America. Commonly used diagnostic methods do not identify the species causing infection. In this study, we evaluated the potential of recombinant Borrelia immunogenic protein A (rBipA) as a diagnostic antigen capable of distinguishing between infections of TBRF Borrelia species. We show that serum from mice, canines, and nonhuman primates infected with B. turicatae, B. parkeri, or B. hermsii react more strongly to the rBipA from the species causing infection. Furthermore, sera from Lyme disease patients failed to cross-react with our rBipA proteins, indicating the potential to use rBipA as a species-specific diagnostic antigen for TBRF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael W. Curtis
- Department of Pediatrics, National School of Tropical Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Aparna Krishnavajhala
- Department of Pediatrics, National School of Tropical Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Alexander R. Kneubehl
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Monica E. Embers
- Division of Immunology, Tulane National Primate Research Center, Tulane University Health Sciences, Covington, Louisiana, USA
| | - Jenna R. Gettings
- Southeastern Cooperative Wildlife Disease Study, Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Michael J. Yabsley
- Southeastern Cooperative Wildlife Disease Study, Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
- Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Job E. Lopez
- Department of Pediatrics, National School of Tropical Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
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Techawiwattanaboon T, Courant T, Brunner L, Sathean-anan-kun S, Krangvichian P, Iadsee N, Nakornpakdee Y, Sangjun N, Komanee P, Collin N, Ruxrungtham K, Patarakul K. Designing Adjuvant Formulations to Promote Immunogenicity and Protective Efficacy of Leptospira Immunoglobulin-Like Protein A Subunit Vaccine. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:918629. [PMID: 35782116 PMCID: PMC9243587 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.918629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The leptospirosis burden on humans, especially in high-risk occupational groups and livestock, leads to public health and economic problems. Leptospirosis subunit vaccines have been under development and require further improvement to provide complete protection. Adjuvants can be used to enhance the amplitude, quality, and durability of immune responses. Previously, we demonstrated that LMQ adjuvant (neutral liposomes containing monophosphoryl lipid A (MPL) and Quillaja saponaria derived QS21 saponin) promoted protective efficacy of LigAc vaccine against Leptospira challenge. To promote immunogenicity and protective efficacy of the subunit vaccines, three alternative adjuvants based on neutral liposomes or squalene-in-water emulsion were evaluated in this study. LQ and LQuil adjuvants combined the neutral liposomes with the QS21 saponin or Quillaja saponaria derived QuilA® saponin, respectively. SQuil adjuvant combined a squalene-in-water emulsion with the QuilA® saponin. The immunogenicity and protective efficacy of LigAc (20 µg) formulated with the candidate adjuvants were conducted in golden Syrian hamsters. Hamsters were vaccinated three times at a 2-week interval, followed by a homologous challenge of L. interrogans serovar Pomona. The results showed that LigAc combined with LQ, LQuil, or SQuil adjuvants conferred substantial antibody responses and protective efficacy (survival rate, pathological change, and Leptospira renal colonization) comparable to LMQ adjuvant. The LigAc+LQ formulation conferred 62.5% survival but was not significantly different from LigAc+LMQ, LigAc+LQuil, and LigAc+SQuil formulations (50% survival). This study highlights the potential of saponin-containing adjuvants LMQ, LQ, LQuil, and SQuil for both human and animal leptospirosis vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teerasit Techawiwattanaboon
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Chula Vaccine Research Center (Chula VRC), Center of Excellence in Vaccine Research and Development, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Thomas Courant
- Vaccine Formulation Institute, Plan-Les-Ouates, Switzerland
| | - Livia Brunner
- Vaccine Formulation Institute, Plan-Les-Ouates, Switzerland
| | - Suwitra Sathean-anan-kun
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Chula Vaccine Research Center (Chula VRC), Center of Excellence in Vaccine Research and Development, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Pratomporn Krangvichian
- Chula Vaccine Research Center (Chula VRC), Center of Excellence in Vaccine Research and Development, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Medical Microbiology, Interdisciplinary Program, Graduate School, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Nutta Iadsee
- Chula Vaccine Research Center (Chula VRC), Center of Excellence in Vaccine Research and Development, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Medical Microbiology, Interdisciplinary Program, Graduate School, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Yaowarin Nakornpakdee
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Noppadon Sangjun
- Laboratory Animal Section, Analysis Division, Armed Force Research Institute of Medical Sciences (AFRIMS), Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Pat Komanee
- Laboratory Animal Section, Analysis Division, Armed Force Research Institute of Medical Sciences (AFRIMS), Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Nicolas Collin
- Vaccine Formulation Institute, Plan-Les-Ouates, Switzerland
| | - Kiat Ruxrungtham
- Chula Vaccine Research Center (Chula VRC), Center of Excellence in Vaccine Research and Development, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Kanitha Patarakul
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Chula Vaccine Research Center (Chula VRC), Center of Excellence in Vaccine Research and Development, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- *Correspondence: Kanitha Patarakul, ;
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24
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Zhang X, Sang S, Guan Q, Tao H, Wang Y, Liu C. Oral Administration of a Shigella 2aT32-Based Vaccine Expressing UreB-HspA Fusion Antigen With and Without Parenteral rUreB-HspA Boost Confers Protection Against Helicobacter pylori in Mice Model. Front Immunol 2022; 13:894206. [PMID: 35769459 PMCID: PMC9234132 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.894206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a gram-negative pathogen classified as a class I carcinogen. The H. pylori urease B subunit (UreB) and heat shock protein A (HspA) are two important vaccine candidate antigens. In this study, we evaluated the immunogenicity and immunoprotective effect of the attenuated Shigella vector vaccine SH02 expressing the UreB-HspA fusion protein of H. pylori in a mouse model. Oral SH02 with or without subcutaneous injection of rUreB-HspA induced antigen-specific serum IgG, mucosal sIgA, and T cells immune response. Subcutaneous injection of the candidate antigen rUreB-HspA enhanced the level of serum antigen-specific IgG antibodies (p < 0.0001) and the levels of IgG1/IgG2a/IgG2b subtypes. In addition, injection boost also increased the proportion of spleen antigen-specific CD4+CD154+ T cells (p < 0.001), and the proportion of CD4+CD154+ T cells that secrete IFN-γ and IL-17A. Following the H. pylori challenge, the levels of H. pylori colonization in the two experimental groups (Groups A and B) significantly reduced compared with the control group (p < 0.001), indicating that the candidate vaccine yielded a preventive effect of anti-H.pylori infection. Compared with the non-subcutaneous booster injection group (Group A), the subcutaneous booster injection group (Group B) exhibited less gastric inflammation, but there was no significant difference in the level of colonization (p > 0.05). These results lay a foundation for the development of a vaccine against H. pylori and the optimization of immunization methods and procedures to prevent H. pylori infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Institute of Biotechnology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Pharmacy, Medical Supplies Center, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Shuli Sang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Institute of Biotechnology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qing Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Institute of Biotechnology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Haoxia Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Institute of Biotechnology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yanchun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Institute of Biotechnology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Chunjie Liu, ; Yanchun Wang,
| | - Chunjie Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Institute of Biotechnology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Chunjie Liu, ; Yanchun Wang,
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Bezerra MF, Xavier CC, de Almeida AMP, Reis CRDS. Evaluation of a multi-species Protein A-ELISA assay for plague serologic diagnosis in humans and other mammal hosts. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2022; 16:e0009805. [PMID: 35551520 PMCID: PMC9129028 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0009805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The Hemagglutination assay (HA) is widely used in plague diagnosis, however, it has a subjective interpretation and demands high amounts of antigen and other immunobiological supplies. On the other hand, the conventional Anti-IgG ELISA is limited by the need of specific conjugates for multiple plague hosts, which leaves a gap for new diagnostic methods able to cover both the diagnosis of human cases and the epidemiological surveillance of multiple sentinel species. Methods We developed an ELISA Protein A-peroxidase method to detect anti-F1 antibodies across several species, including humans. To determine the cut-off and performance rates, HA results from 288 samples (81 rabbits, 64 humans, 66 rodents and 77 dogs) were used as reference. Next, we evaluated the agreement between Protein A-ELISA and Anti-IgG ELISA in an expanded sample set (n = 487). Results Optimal conditions were found with 250ng/well of F1 and 1:500 serum dilution. Protein A-ELISA showed high repeatability and reproducibility. We observed good correlation rates between the Protein A and IgG ELISAs optical densities and a higher positive/negative OD ratio for the Protein A-ELISA method. The overall sensitivity, specificity and area under the curve for Protein A-ELISA were 94%, 99% and 0.99, respectively. Similar results were observed for each species separately. In the analysis of the expanded sample set, there was a strong agreement between Protein A and IgG assays (kappa = 0.97). Furthermore, there was no cross-reaction with other common infectious diseases, such as dengue, Zika, Chagas disease, tuberculosis (humans) and ehrlichiosis, anaplasmosis and leishmaniasis (dogs). Conclusions Altogether, the Protein A-ELISA showed high performance when compared both to HA and Anti-IgG ELISA, with a polyvalent single protocol that requires reduced amounts of antigen and can be employed to any plague hosts. Here, we developed and evaluated an ELISA diagnostic test based on the Protein A-peroxidase conjugate that allows the test to be used for plague laboratorial diagnosis not only in humans, but also in a wide range of mammalian species. This particularity is specifically important for plague epidemiological surveillance, given that Yersinia pestis, the causative agent of plague, have a long list of animal reservoirs across distinct ecosystems. Briefly, we first evaluated the best reaction parameters, such as antigen concentration, serum and protein A-conjugate dilutions. Next, we used serum samples from humans, dogs, rodents and rabbits (n = 288) with known results for plague serology by a conventional method, to evaluate the performance of the new Protein A-ELISA test. We observed a good performance of the novel Protein A-ELISA test, with high sensitivity and specificity rates. Evaluation of the coefficient of variation revealed that the test measurements suffer little variation, and therefore, has high repeatability and reproducibility. Next, by evaluating 487 samples, we observed a high degree of concordance between the Protein A-ELISA with a conventional IgG-based ELISA. Furthermore, this test showed no significant cross-reaction with other common infectious diseases. Altogether, the Protein A-ELISA showed high performance when compared both to HA and Anti-IgG ELISA, with a single protocol that requires reduced amounts of antigen and can be employed to several plague hosts.
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Farouq MAH, Kubiak-Ossowska K, Al Qaraghuli MM, Ferro VA, Mulheran PA. Functionalisation of Inorganic Material Surfaces with Staphylococcus Protein A: A Molecular Dynamics Study. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23094832. [PMID: 35563221 PMCID: PMC9103475 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23094832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus protein A (SpA) is found in the cell wall of Staphylococcus aureus bacteria. Its ability to bind to the constant Fc regions of antibodies means it is useful for antibody extraction, and further integration with inorganic materials can lead to the development of diagnostics and therapeutics. We have investigated the adsorption of SpA on inorganic surface models such as experimentally relevant negatively charged silica, as well as positively charged and neutral surfaces, by use of fully atomistic molecular dynamics simulations. We have found that SpA, which is itself negatively charged at pH7, is able to adsorb on all our surface models. However, adsorption on charged surfaces is more specific in terms of protein orientation compared to a neutral Au (111) surface, while the protein structure is generally well maintained in all cases. The results indicate that SpA adsorption is optimal on the siloxide-rich silica surface, which is negative at pH7 since this keeps the Fc binding regions free to interact with other species in solution. Due to the dominant role of electrostatics, the results are transferable to other inorganic materials and pave the way for new diagnostic and therapeutic designs where SpA might be used to conjugate antibodies to nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed A. H. Farouq
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Strathclyde, 75 Montrose Street, Glasgow G1 1XJ, UK; (M.M.A.Q.); (P.A.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +44-01-4155-24400
| | - Karina Kubiak-Ossowska
- Department of Physics/Archie-West HPC, University of Strathclyde, 107 Rottenrow East, Glasgow G4 0NG, UK;
| | - Mohammed M. Al Qaraghuli
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Strathclyde, 75 Montrose Street, Glasgow G1 1XJ, UK; (M.M.A.Q.); (P.A.M.)
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, 161 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G4 0RE, UK;
- EPSRC Future Manufacturing Research Hub for Continuous Manufacturing and Advanced Crystallisation (CMAC), University of Strathclyde, 99 George Street, Glasgow G1 1RD, UK
| | - Valerie A. Ferro
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, 161 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G4 0RE, UK;
| | - Paul A. Mulheran
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Strathclyde, 75 Montrose Street, Glasgow G1 1XJ, UK; (M.M.A.Q.); (P.A.M.)
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Clanchy FIL, Huang YS, Ogbechi J, Darlington LG, Williams RO, Stone TW. Induction of IDO1 and Kynurenine by Serine Proteases Subtilisin, Prostate Specific Antigen, CD26 and HtrA: A New Form of Immunosuppression? Front Immunol 2022; 13:832989. [PMID: 35371018 PMCID: PMC8964980 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.832989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Several serine proteases have been linked to autoimmune disorders and tumour initiation although the mechanisms are not fully understood. Activation of the kynurenine pathway enzyme indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase (IDO1) modulates cellular activity in the brain, tolerogenesis in the immune system and is a major checkpoint in cancer development. We now report that IDO1 mRNA and IDO1 protein expression (generating kynurenine) are induced in human monocyte-derived macrophages by several chymotryptic serine proteases with direct links to tumorigenesis, including Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA), CD26 (Dipeptidyl-peptidase-4, CD26/DPP-4), High Temperature Requirement protein-A (HtrA), and the bacterial virulence factor subtilisin. These proteases also induce expression of the pro-inflammatory cytokine genes IL1B and IL6. Other serine proteases tested: bacterial glu-C endopeptidase and mammalian Pro-protein Convertase Subtilase-Kexin-3 (PCSK3, furin), urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA), cathepsin G or neutrophil elastase, did not induce IDO1, indicating that the reported effects are not a general property of all serine proteases. The results represent a novel mechanism of activating immunosuppressive IDO1 and inducing kynurenine generation which, together with the production of inflammatory cytokines, would contribute to tumour initiation and progression, providing a new target for drug development. In addition, the proteasomal S20 serine protease inhibitor carfilzomib, used in the treatment of myeloma, prevented the induction of IDO1 and cytokine gene expression, potentially contributing to its clinical anti-cancer activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix I. L. Clanchy
- The Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences (NDORMS), University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Botnar Research Centre, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Yi-Shu Huang
- The Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences (NDORMS), University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Joy Ogbechi
- The Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences (NDORMS), University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - L. Gail Darlington
- Department of Medicine and Rheumatology, Ashtead Hospital, Ashtead, United Kingdom
| | - Richard O. Williams
- The Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences (NDORMS), University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Trevor W. Stone
- The Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences (NDORMS), University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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Boero E, Cruz AR, Pansegrau W, Giovani C, Rooijakkers SHM, van Kessel KPM, van Strijp JAG, Bagnoli F, Manetti AGO. Natural Human Immunity Against Staphylococcal Protein A Relies on Effector Functions Triggered by IgG3. Front Immunol 2022; 13:834711. [PMID: 35359919 PMCID: PMC8963248 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.834711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcal protein A (SpA) is a multifunctional, highly conserved virulence factor of Staphylococcus aureus. By binding the Fc portion of all human IgG subclasses apart from IgG3, SpA interferes with antibody and complement deposition on the bacterial surface, impairing staphylococcal clearance by phagocytosis. Because of its anti-opsonic properties, SpA is not investigated as a surface antigen to mediate bacterial phagocytosis. Herein we investigate human sera for the presence of SpA-opsonizing antibodies. The screening revealed that sera containing IgG3 against SpA were able to correctly opsonize the target and drive Fcγ receptor-mediated interactions and phagocytosis. We demonstrated that IgG3 Fc is significantly more efficient in inducing phagocytosis of SpA-expressing S. aureus as compared to IgG1 Fc in an assay resembling physiological conditions. Furthermore, we show that the capacity of SpA antibodies to induce phagocytosis depends on the specific epitope recognized by the IgGs on SpA molecules. Overall, our results suggest that anti-SpA IgG3 antibodies could favor the anti-staphylococcal response in humans, paving the way towards the identification of a correlate of protection against staphylococcal infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Boero
- GSK, Siena, Italy
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Ana Rita Cruz
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | | | | | - Suzan H. M. Rooijakkers
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Kok P. M. van Kessel
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Jos A. G. van Strijp
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
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Aslıyüce S, Mattiasson B, Denizli A. Preparation of Staphylococcal Protein A Imprinted Supermacroporous Cryogel Beads. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2466:261-273. [PMID: 35585324 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2176-9_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Protein A is the most commonly used ligand in IgG purification due to its specific binding to the Fc receptor of most immunoglobulins, making it commercially important. Molecular imprinting is a method based on the selective recognition of various molecules. Molecular imprinted polymers are materials that are easy to prepare, durable, cheap and have molecular recognition capability. Cryogels are prepared by radical polymerization in a partially frozen environment. The unique structure of cryogels combined with osmotic, chemical and mechanical stability make them attractive chromatography matrices for a variety of biological compounds/specimens (plasmids, pathogens, cells). In this protocol, protein A imprinted supermacroporous poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) cryogels were prepared in spherical form for protein A purification. The characterization of the prepared cryogels were made by swelling test, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometer (FTIR), and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area analysis. After characterization, optimum conditions for protein A adsorption were determined in the batch system. The maximum protein A adsorption capacity was determined after optimization of the imprinted cryogels. Protein A relative selectivity coefficients of imprinted cryogels were examined for both Fc and protein G. Protein A was isolated from the bacterial cell wall using fast performance liquid chromatography (FPLC). The separated protein A was determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). In the last stage, the reusability of the cryogel was examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sevgi Aslıyüce
- Department of Chemistry, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Bo Mattiasson
- Department of Biotechnology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Adil Denizli
- Department of Chemistry, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey.
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30
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Teeparuksapun K, Hedström M, Mattiasson B. A Sensitive Capacitive Biosensor for Protein a Detection Using Human IgG Immobilized on an Electrode Using Layer-by-Layer Applied Gold Nanoparticles. Sensors (Basel) 2021; 22:99. [PMID: 35009642 PMCID: PMC8747357 DOI: 10.3390/s22010099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2021] [Revised: 11/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
A capacitive biosensor for the detection of protein A was developed. Gold electrodes were fabricated by thermal evaporation and patterned by photoresist photolithography. A layer-by-layer (LbL) assembly of thiourea (TU) and HAuCl4 and chemical reduction was utilized to prepare a probe with a different number of layers of TU and gold nanoparticles (AuNPs). The LbL-modified electrodes were used for the immobilization of human IgG. The binding interaction between human IgG and protein A was detected as a decrease in capacitance signal, and that change was used to investigate the correlation between the height of the LbL probe and the sensitivity of the capacitive measurement. The results showed that the initial increase in length of the LbL probe can enhance the amount of immobilized human IgG, leading to a more sensitive assay. However, with thicker LbL layers, a reduction of the sensitivity of the measurement was registered. The performance of the developed system under optimum set-up showed a linearity in response from 1 × 10-16 to 1 × 10-13 M, with the limit detection of 9.1 × 10-17 M, which could be interesting for the detection of trace amounts of protein A from affinity isolation of therapeutic monoclonal antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kosin Teeparuksapun
- Science Program, Department of General Education, Faculty of Liberal Arts, Rajamangala University of Technology Srivijaya, Songkhla 90000, Thailand;
- Division of Biotechnology, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, 221 00 Lund, Sweden;
| | - Martin Hedström
- Division of Biotechnology, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, 221 00 Lund, Sweden;
| | - Bo Mattiasson
- Division of Biotechnology, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, 221 00 Lund, Sweden;
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31
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Ren K, Sun H, Chen L, Chen N, Yu L. Myxovirus resistance protein A activates type I IFN signaling pathway to inhibit Zika virus replication. Virus Res 2021; 306:198534. [PMID: 34537259 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2021.198534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Myxovirus resistance protein A(MxA), one of the dynamin superfamily of large guanosine triphosphatase and a classical interferon stimulated gene (ISG) induced by type I interferons (IFNs), plays antiviral role in various virus infections. However, the effect of MxA on Zika virus (ZIKV) infection and its underlying mechanism remain elusive. In this study, we aimed to explore the role of MxA in ZIKV infection and its potential mechanisms. MxA overexpression was achieved by transfection with plasmid. The levels of MxA expression and ZIKV replication were assayed by both qRT-PCR and western blot. The activation status of Jak/STAT signaling pathway was evaluated at three levels: phosphorylation of STAT1 and STAT2(p-STAT1, p-STAT2) (western blot), activity of interferon sensitive response element (ISRE) (dual luciferase reporter gene assay), and the expression levels of ISGs (qRT-PCR). Our results showed that MxA overexpression inhibited ZIKV replication with no effect on virus entry. The expression levels of retinoic acid inducible gene I (RIG-I), melanoma differentiation-associated gene-5(MDA5), Toll-like receptor3(TLR3) and interferon regulatory Factor 3(IRF3), as well as IFNα and IFNβ, were increased in parallel with MxA upregulation. Interestingly, the inhibitory effect of MxA on ZIKV replication was abolished in type I IFN receptor (IFNAR) deficient cells (U5A). These data collectively supported that MxA inhibits ZIKV replication through activation of the type I IFN signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Ren
- The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Honggang Sun
- Institute of Blood Transfusion, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Limin Chen
- Institute of Blood Transfusion, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Chengdu, China.
| | - Ningning Chen
- The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Lu Yu
- The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China.
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32
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Naganuma C, Moriyama K, Suye SI, Fujita S. One-Step Surface Immobilization of Protein A on Hydrogel Nanofibers by Core-Shell Electrospinning for Capturing Antibodies. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:9857. [PMID: 34576021 PMCID: PMC8471760 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22189857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 09/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanofibers (NFs) are potential candidates as filter materials for affinity separation owing to their high liquid permeability based on their high porosity. Multiple and complex processes were conventionally performed to immobilize proteins for modifying NF surfaces. A simple method must be developed to immobilize proteins without impairing their biological activity. Herein, we succeeded in fabricating NFs with a core of cellulose acetate and a shell of hydrophilic polyvinyl alcohol immobilized with staphylococcal recombinant protein A by a one-step process based on core-shell electrospinning. A total of 12.9 mg/cm3 of antibody was captured in the fiber shell through high affinity with protein A immobilized in an aqueous environment of the hydrogel. The maximum adsorption site and dissociation constant evaluated by the Langmuir model were 87.8 µg and 1.37 µmol/L, respectively. The fiber sheet withstood triplicate use. Thus, our NF exhibited high potential as a material for membrane chromatography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chihiro Naganuma
- Department of Frontier Fiber Technology and Science, University of Fukui, Fukui 910-8507, Japan; (C.N.); (K.M.); (S.-i.S.)
| | - Kosuke Moriyama
- Department of Frontier Fiber Technology and Science, University of Fukui, Fukui 910-8507, Japan; (C.N.); (K.M.); (S.-i.S.)
| | - Shin-ichiro Suye
- Department of Frontier Fiber Technology and Science, University of Fukui, Fukui 910-8507, Japan; (C.N.); (K.M.); (S.-i.S.)
- Organization for Life Science Advancement Programs, University of Fukui, Fukui 910-8507, Japan
| | - Satoshi Fujita
- Department of Frontier Fiber Technology and Science, University of Fukui, Fukui 910-8507, Japan; (C.N.); (K.M.); (S.-i.S.)
- Organization for Life Science Advancement Programs, University of Fukui, Fukui 910-8507, Japan
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33
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Davis RR, Suber F, Heller I, Yang B, Martinez J. Improving mAb capture productivity on batch and continuous downstream processing using nanofiber PrismA adsorbents. J Biotechnol 2021; 336:50-55. [PMID: 34118332 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2021.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Improving productivity and decreasing costs for biotherapeutic agents has been a focal driving force in the manufacturing of biologics. Advances in upstream processes have been continuously outpacing the ability for downstream operations to purify biologics, especially monoclonal antibodies. Continuous chromatography has several benefits for biologic purification including automated control, decreased labor, improved productivity, and more consistent product attributes. The goal of this study was to improve productivity and decrease costs associated with batch-mode and continuous purification processes. Productivities using cellulose nanofibers with a protein A ligand offer greater than 30-fold higher productivities than their resin-based equivalents using periodic countercurrent technology with multiple column chromatography. The smaller columns needed for convective mass transfer, faster processing times, and decreased costs allow for a more efficient mAb capture step. Additionally, high throughput purification (grams of mAbs/day) can be achieved from the scale-down model developed using periodic countercurrent technology. These advancements will help drive the evolution of downstream operations to manage the higher workloads due to increased upstream titers in a cost-effective manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan R Davis
- Ology Bioservices, Process Development, 13200 NW Nano Ct., Alachua, FL, 32615, USA
| | - Fletcher Suber
- Ology Bioservices, Process Development, 13200 NW Nano Ct., Alachua, FL, 32615, USA
| | - Ian Heller
- Ology Bioservices, Process Development, 13200 NW Nano Ct., Alachua, FL, 32615, USA
| | - Boxuan Yang
- Ology Bioservices, Process Development, 13200 NW Nano Ct., Alachua, FL, 32615, USA
| | - Juan Martinez
- Ology Bioservices, Process Development, 13200 NW Nano Ct., Alachua, FL, 32615, USA.
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Beattie JW, Rowland-Jones RC, Farys M, Tran R, Kazarian SG, Byrne B. Insight into purification of monoclonal antibodies in industrial columns via studies of Protein A binding capacity by in situ ATR-FTIR spectroscopy. Analyst 2021; 146:5177-5185. [PMID: 34296229 PMCID: PMC8351638 DOI: 10.1039/d1an00985k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are effective treatments for a range of cancers and other serious diseases, however mAb treatments cost on average ∼$100 000 per year per patient, limiting their use. Currently, industry favours Protein A affinity chromatography (PrAc) as the key step in downstream processing of mAbs. This step, although highly efficient, represents a significant mAb production cost. Fouling of the Protein A column and Protein A ligand leaching contribute to the cost of mAb production by shortening the life span of the resin. In this study, we assessed the performance of used PrAc resin recovered from the middle inlet, center and outlet as well as the side inlet of a pilot-scale industrial column. We used a combination of static binding capacity (SBC) analysis and Attenuated Total Reflection-Fourier Transform Infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy to explore the used resin samples. SBC analysis demonstrated that resin from the inlet of the column had lower binding capacity than resin from the column outlet. ATR-FTIR spectroscopy with PLS (partial least square) analysis confirmed the results obtained from SBC analysis. Importantly, in situ ATR-FTIR spectroscopy also allowed both measurement of the concentration and assessment of the conformational state of the bound Protein A. Our results reveal that PrAc resin degradation after use is dependent on column location and that neither Protein A ligand leaching nor denaturation are responsible for binding capacity loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- James W Beattie
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, SW7 2AZ, London, UK. and Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, SW7 2AZ, London, UK.
| | - Ruth C Rowland-Jones
- Biopharm Process Development, GlaxoSmithKline, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, UK.
| | - Monika Farys
- Biopharm Process Development, GlaxoSmithKline, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, UK.
| | - Richard Tran
- Biopharm Process Development, GlaxoSmithKline, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, UK.
| | - Sergei G Kazarian
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, SW7 2AZ, London, UK.
| | - Bernadette Byrne
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, SW7 2AZ, London, UK.
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Cui X, Zhang P, Hu Y, Chen C, Liu Q, Guan P, Zhang J. Genome-wide analysis of the Universal stress protein A gene family in Vitis and expression in response to abiotic stress. Plant Physiol Biochem 2021; 165:57-70. [PMID: 34034161 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.04.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Universal Stress Protein A (USPA) plays critical roles in the regulation of growth, development and response to abiotic stress in plants. To date, most research related to the role of USPA in plants has been carried out in herbaceous models such as Arabidopsis, rice and soybean. Here, we used bioinformatics approaches to identify 21 USPA genes in the genome of Vitis vinifera L. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that VvUSPAs could be divided into eight clades. Based on predicted chromosomal locations, we identified 16 pairs of syntenic, orthologous genes between A. thaliana and V. vinifera. Further promoter cis-elements analysis, together with identification of potential microRNA (miRNA) binding sites, suggested that at least some of the VvUSPAs participate in response to phytohormones and abiotic stress. To add support for this, we analyzed the developmental and stress-responsive expression patterns of the homologous USPA genes in the drought-resistant wild Vitis yeshanensis accession 'Yanshan-1' and the drought-sensitive Vitis riparia accession 'He'an'. Most of the USPA genes were upregulated in different degrees in the two genotypes after drought stress and exposure to ethephon (ETH), abscisic acid (ABA) and methyl jasmonate (MeJA). Individual USPA genes showed various tissue-specific expression patterns. Heterologous expression of five selected genes (VvUSPA2, VvUSPA3, VvUSPA11, VvUSPA13 and VvUSPA16) in Escherichia coli (E. coli) enhanced resistance to drought stress. Our study provides a model for mapping gene function in response to abiotic stress and identified three candidate genes, VvUSPA3, VvUSPA11 and VvUSPA16, as regulators of drought response in V. vinifera.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyue Cui
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China; Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China; State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China.
| | - Pingying Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China; Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China; State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China.
| | - Yafan Hu
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China; Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China; State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China.
| | - Chengcheng Chen
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China; Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China; State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China.
| | - Qiying Liu
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China; Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China; State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China.
| | - Pingyin Guan
- Molecular Cell Biology, Botanical Institute, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Fritz-Haber-Weg, 476131, Karlsruhe, Germany.
| | - Jianxia Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China; Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China; State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China.
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Wang P, Wang Y, Zhang Y, Yang T, Song Y, Zhao J, Yan B, Yang A. [Eukaryotic expression and immunoactivity of protein A/G-horseradish peroxidase(PA/G-HRP) fusion protein as universal secondary antibody for detection of IgG originating from mice and rabbits]. Xi Bao Yu Fen Zi Mian Yi Xue Za Zhi 2021; 37:590-595. [PMID: 34140069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Objective To prepare universal secondary antibodies those can bind to the IgG from mice and rabbits, and use the antibodies in a variety of immunoassays. Methods The fusion genes of staphylococcal protein A (SPA), streptococcal protein G (SPG), and horseradish peroxidase (HRP) were synthesized, and cloned into the vector pcDNATM3.1 to generate the eukaryotic expression plasmids. The plasmids were transiently transfected into HEK293F cells for expression. The fusion protein expressed in the plasmid was detected by SDS-PAGE and Western blotting, and its immunoactivity was measured by Western blotting, ELISA, and immunohistochemical staining. Results Restriction enzyme digestion and gene sequencing showed the pPA-HRP, pPG-HRP, and pPA/G-HRP plasmids were successfully created. Coomassie brilliant blue staining and Western blotting indicated that the fusion proteins PA-HRP, PG-HRP, and PA/G-HRP successfully expressed in HEK293F cells. Western blotting, ELISA, and immunohistochemical staining showed that IgGs derived from mice and rabbits could be recognized and bound by the three kinds of fusion protein, of which the fusion protein PA/G-HRP exhibited the highest affinity. Conclusion The fusion protein PA/G-HRP with high and universal IgG affinity is successfully prepared. The PA/G-HRP can replace traditional secondary antibodies against mouse and rabbit IgG in a variety of immunological assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengju Wang
- School of Medical Laboratory, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Yiyi Wang
- School of Medical Laboratory, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, China
| | - Yiting Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Tian Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Immunology, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Yuan Song
- School of Medical Laboratory, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Bo Yan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China. *Corresponding authors, E-mail:
| | - Angang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Immunology, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China. *Corresponding authors, E-mail:
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El-Sayyad GS, Hasan OF, Saad MAM, El-Batal AI. Improving the diagnosis of bovine tuberculosis using gold nanoparticles conjugated with purified protein derivative: special regard to staphylococcal protein A and streptococcal protein G. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2021; 28:29200-29220. [PMID: 33550524 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-12549-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Different ancillary immunodiagnostic tests were traditionally-established for diagnosis of bovine tuberculosis (BTB) either cellular or humoral as tuberculin skin test (TST), gamma interferon (INF-γ), and indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (iELISA). These tests had been consumed more time and expensive, and needed sophisticated equipment. To dissolve these problems, serological diagnosis depending on humoral immunity is the aim of this work. Herein, slide-based agglutination test was chosen as a rapid and simple field test based on purified protein derivative (PPD) antigen in addition to some supplementation materials such as Staphylococcal protein A (SPA) and Streptococcal protein G (SPG) to improve detection of BTB antibody in serum samples. Gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) were synthesized by gamma ray, and after complete characterization, the synthesized Au NPs were spherical, small-sized, and stable without any impurities. Addition of such supplementation reagents for serodiagnosis of tuberculosis is of paramount important for the detection of serum antibodies against tuberculosis (TB) and it was considered an easily simple and possible way for improving TB diagnosis. In this work, 70 animals tested positive for TST as well as 20 animals tested negative for TST were used for the diagnosis of BTB depending on humoral immune response based on PPD slide agglutination test using reporter regents (SPA and/or SPG) either native or recombinant. The agglutination density was recorded and read in 4 degrees of positivity with scores ranging from negative (-) to very strong reaction (++++) occurred in different times of agglutination. Groups showed 100% positive reactivates employed in Exp. 1, 2, and 3 with differentiation of slide agglutination test density and was rated from moderate positivity (2+) to very strong (4+), with predominant positivity in density of (3+). Pink-colored intensity is associated with the strengthened reactions between PPD-conjugated Au NPs and serum antibody of each tested samples, which allows for visual rapid, simple, and effective attractive diagnosis of BTB. The specificity and sensitivity of the serological tests were characterized. TST offers the highest sensitivity (83.6%) among the other immunoassays, while the lowest specificity was recorded in TST (57.4%). SPA/SPG offers the best performance in term of combined sensitivity and specificity (performance index) of 175.4. Therefore, the development and uses of detection reagent (such as SPA and/or SPG) slide co-agglutination test (COAT), either native or recombinant (rSPA/SPG) for the detection of TB antibodies based on PPD antigen, as well as the uses of Au NPs rSPA/SPG as detection conjugate based on the same antigen, were also performed as a simple, rapid, sensitive, specific, eco-friendly, and low cost, which shows a great potential in field and lab diagnosis of BTB. So, high reduction in reagents that yields reactions similarly as traditional techniques was needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gharieb S El-Sayyad
- Drug Microbiology Lab., Drug Radiation Research Department, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority (EAEA), Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Omnia F Hasan
- Animal Health Research Institute, Bacteriology Department, TB Unit, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | | | - Ahmed I El-Batal
- Drug Microbiology Lab., Drug Radiation Research Department, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority (EAEA), Cairo, Egypt
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Bai LL, Zhang LQ, Ma J, Li J, Tian M, Cao RJ, He XX, He ZX, Yu HL, Zhu XJ. DIP2A is involved in SOD-mediated antioxidative reactions in murine brain. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 168:6-15. [PMID: 33781892 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) are highly associated with oxidative stress. We have recently shown that Disconnected-interacting protein homolog 2 A (DIP2A) functions in ASD pathophysiology by regulating cortactin acetylation for spine development and synaptic transmission. However, its role is not fully understood in the context of its abundant expression in mitochondria. In this paper, we found that DIP2A was involved in superoxide dismutase (SOD)-mediated antioxidative reactions. In mice, DIP2A knockout inhibited SOD activity and increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in the cerebral cortex. In vitro gain-of-function experiments further confirmed the positive role of DIP2A in scavenging ROS upon oxidative stress. Moreover, DIP2A knockout caused irregular mitochondrial morphology in the cerebral cortex and impaired mitochondrial metabolism with an over consumption of lipids for energy supply. Taken together, these results revealed unrecognized functions of DIP2A in antioxidative protection, providing another possible explanation for DIP2A-mediated ASD pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu-Lu Bai
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics, Ministry of Education and Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China; Department of Pediatric Hematology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Lu-Qing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics, Ministry of Education and Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Jun Ma
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics, Ministry of Education and Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Jing Li
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics, Ministry of Education and Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Meng Tian
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics, Ministry of Education and Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Rang-Juan Cao
- Department of Hand Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, 130033, China
| | - Xiao-Xiao He
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics, Ministry of Education and Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Zi-Xuan He
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics, Ministry of Education and Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Hua-Li Yu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics, Ministry of Education and Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China.
| | - Xiao-Juan Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics, Ministry of Education and Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China.
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Safarpour H, Majdi H, Masjedi A, Pagheh AS, Pereira MDL, Rodrigues Oliveira SM, Ahmadpour E. Development of Optical Biosensor Using Protein A-Conjugated Chitosan-Gold Nanoparticles for Diagnosis of Cystic Echinococcosis. Biosensors (Basel) 2021; 11:134. [PMID: 33923009 PMCID: PMC8145565 DOI: 10.3390/bios11050134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Human echinococcosis is a serious parasitic diseasethat still affects millions of people in many parts of the world. Since it can offer a critical threat to people's health, it is important to discover a rapid, convenient, and economical method for detection. Herein, we propose a novel point of care assay, namely, an enhanced immuno-dot-blot assay for diagnosis of cystic echinococcosis (hydatidosis). This method is based on the formation of a sandwich complex between a goldnanoprobe (chitosan-gold nanoparticleprotein A) and hydatid cyst antigen (Ag B), which holds anti-Ag B antibodies. Briefly, protein A was conjugated to chitosan-gold nanoparticles via glutaraldehyde chemistry. Then, Ag B was immobilized on the surface of a nitrocellulose membrane, which was followed by the addition of the sera sample and gold nanoprobes. The positive signals were easily detectable by naked eye. The signal intensity of this biosensor was proportional to the concentration of active anti-Echinococcus granulosus antibodies on the surface of the nanoparticles, titer of antibodies in the sera samples, and concentration of Ag B coated on the nitrocellulose membrane. The minimum concentration to use the protein A for conjugation to detect titer of anti-Echinococcus IgGand the concentration of Ag B coated in nitrocellulose membrane were 0.5 and 0.3 mg/mL, respectively. This enhanced immuno-dot-blot assay offers a simple diagnostic technique withoutthe need for expensive equipment for diagnosis of echinococcosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanie Safarpour
- Infectious and Tropical Disease Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 51666-14766, Iran;
- Student Research Committee, Department of Parasitology and Mycology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 51666-14766, Iran
| | - Hasan Majdi
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 51666-14766, Iran;
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 51666-14766, Iran
| | - Ali Masjedi
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 51666-14766, Iran;
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 51666-14766, Iran
| | - Abdol Sattar Pagheh
- Infectious Diseases Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand 97178-53577, Iran;
| | - Maria de Lourdes Pereira
- CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal;
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Sonia M. Rodrigues Oliveira
- CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal;
- HMRI and Hunter Cancer Research Alliance Translational Cancer Research Centres, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Ehsan Ahmadpour
- Infectious and Tropical Disease Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 51666-14766, Iran;
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Qin B, Wu R, Shu Y, Wang Y, Yu B, Sun X, Qiu W. Protein A Immunoadsorption Relieves Autoimmune Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein Astrocytopathy after Unsuccessful Methylprednisolone Treatment. Neuroimmunomodulation 2021; 28:187-192. [PMID: 34237754 DOI: 10.1159/000514547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autoimmune glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) astrocytopathy (GFAP-A) is a recently defined autoimmune inflammatory disease of the central nervous system in which GFAP IgG is present in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Its primary clinical manifestation is meningoencephalitis, and it usually responds well to corticosteroids. Herein, we report a case of a patient with GFAP-A with initial symptoms of psychological and cognitive impairment, which did not respond to high-dose methylprednisolone therapy but was successfully treated with protein A immunoadsorption (PAIA) therapy. METHODS GFAP IgG was detected by indirect immunofluorescence assay. The patient's data were analyzed retrospectively. RESULTS A 48-year-old man presented with anxiety, depression, cognitive decline, tremor, gait disturbance, and fecal and urine incontinence. Autoimmune GFAP-A was diagnosed based on the following: (1) T2-weighted and fluid-attenuated inversion recovery MRI findings of hypersensitive lesions in the subcortical and deep white matter of the brain, with multiple longitudinally extensive lesions in the cervical and chest regions of the spinal cord, and (2) high levels of GFAP IgG in the CSF. Clinical symptoms and abnormalities detected on neuroimaging worsened after administration of high-dose intravenous methylprednisolone (IVMP) and intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) but improved significantly after PAIA therapy. CONCLUSION Psychological impairment can be the first sign of autoimmune GFAP-A. PAIA might be an effective treatment for patients with GFAP-A who respond poorly to conventional IVMP and IVIG therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Qin
- Department of Neurology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ruizhen Wu
- Department of Neurology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yaqing Shu
- Department of Neurology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuge Wang
- Department of Neurology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Boguang Yu
- Department of Immunology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Hemoadsorption Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaobo Sun
- Department of Neurology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Qiu
- Department of Neurology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Sharafutdinov I, Esmaeili DS, Harrer A, Tegtmeyer N, Sticht H, Backert S. Campylobacter jejuni Serine Protease HtrA Cleaves the Tight Junction Component Claudin-8. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2020; 10:590186. [PMID: 33364202 PMCID: PMC7752809 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.590186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter jejuni express the high temperature requirement protein A (HtrA), a secreted serine protease, which is implicated in virulence properties of the pathogen. Previous studies have shown that C. jejuni HtrA can cleave the epithelial transmembrane proteins occludin and E-cadherin in the tight and adherens junctions, respectively. In the present report, we studied the interaction of HtrA with another human tight junction protein, claudin-8. Confocal immunofluorescence experiments have shown that C. jejuni infection of the intestinal polarized epithelial cells in vitro leads to a relocation of claudin-8. Wild-type C. jejuni induced the downregulation of claudin-8 signals in the tight junctions and an accumulation of claudin-8 agglomerates in the cytoplasm, which were not seen during infection with isogenic ΔhtrA knockout deletion or protease-inactive S197A point mutants. Western blotting of protein samples from infected vs. uninfected cells revealed that an 18-kDa carboxy-terminal fragment is cleaved-off from the 26-kDa full-length claudin-8 protein, but not during infection with the isogenic ΔhtrA mutant. These results were confirmed by in vitro cleavage assays using the purified recombinant C. jejuni HtrA and human claudin-8 proteins. Recombinant HtrA cleaved purified claudin-8 in vitro giving rise to the same 18-kDa sized carboxy-terminal cleavage product. Mapping studies revealed that HtrA cleavage occurs in the first extracellular loop of claudin-8. Three-dimensional modeling of the claudin-8 structure identified an exposed HtrA cleavage site between the amino acids alanine 58 and asparagine 59, which is in well agreement with the mapping studies. Taken together, HtrA operates as a secreted virulence factor targeting multiple proteins both in the tight and adherens junctions. This strategy may help the bacteria to open the cell-to-cell junctions, and to transmigrate across the intestinal epithelium by a paracellular mechanism and establish an acute infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irshad Sharafutdinov
- Department of Biology, Division of Microbiology, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Delara Soltan Esmaeili
- Department of Biology, Division of Microbiology, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Aileen Harrer
- Department of Biology, Division of Microbiology, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Nicole Tegtmeyer
- Department of Biology, Division of Microbiology, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Heinrich Sticht
- Division of Bioinformatics, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Steffen Backert
- Department of Biology, Division of Microbiology, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
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de Boer J, Schösler H, Aiking H. Fish as an alternative protein - A consumer-oriented perspective on its role in a transition towards more healthy and sustainable diets. Appetite 2020; 152:104721. [PMID: 32343989 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2020.104721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Fish has several benefits that make it a desirable part of a healthy diet. It is also a high-protein product that can be used as a relatively efficient meat replacer. Both from a health and sustainability perspective, however, it is important to consider the optimum number of fish servings per week and to examine whether fish and plant protein can be brought under the same heading of alternative protein sources. To explore the consumer perspective on these issues, this paper draws on a brief literature study and a re-analysis of survey data from the Netherlands collected earlier. The hypothesis was that affinities with fish consumption and plant-based protein sources are to a certain extent related to each other, based on common relationships with food involvement, which set them apart from meat. The results showed that the hypothesis needed to be nuanced: fish consumption was associated exclusively with affinity with spicy meals based on authentic plant protein sources (e.g. nuts) and this relationship was partially based on food involvement. The results are in line with current Dutch recommendations that encourage consumers to eat one serving of fish per week and that stimulate those who already eat more than one serving of fish to replace the rest by plant-based protein sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joop de Boer
- Institute for Environmental Studies, VU University, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | | | - Harry Aiking
- Institute for Environmental Studies, VU University, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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Lambers WM, Diercks GFH, Homan FM, Doornbos-van Meer B, Bootsma H, Westra J, de Leeuw K. Myxovirus Resistance Protein A Is a Useful Additional Histological Marker in Suspected Cutaneous Lupus Erythematosus. Acta Derm Venereol 2020; 100:adv00234. [PMID: 32618348 DOI: 10.2340/00015555-3587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
is missing (Short communication).
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Affiliation(s)
- Wietske M Lambers
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center Groningen, NL-9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands. E-mail:
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Sun W, Dong X, Yu G, Shuai L. Antibacterial Effect of Silver Nanomaterials on Staphylococcal Protein A by Molecular Dynamics Simulation. J Nanosci Nanotechnol 2020; 20:4914-4919. [PMID: 32126674 DOI: 10.1166/jnn.2020.18504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Nanotechnologies have changed this world in various aspects including the oral medicine. It has been demonstrated that silver (Ag) nanomaterials can exhibit strong inhibition and killing effect on oral bacteria. Furthermore, the Ag nanomaterials have superb antimicrobial activity and nonacute toxic effects on human cells. Previously, the impact of Ag on oral bacteria was demonstrated by experiments. In this work, we applied molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to investigate the influence of Ag nanomaterials on oral bacteria. Firstly, by comparing change of molecular structure of staphylococcal protein A (SPA) with and without Ag, we found that Ag nanomaterials have strong effect on evolution of protein secondary structure of SPA. Secondly, it was observed that Ag has negligible effect on Solvent Accessible Surface Area (SASA) of SPA indicating that the Ag only changed its microstructure. Finally, it was found that the average amount of hydrogen bond in SPA was reduced in the presence of Ag which was origin of antimicrobial activity of Ag. It is believed that the growing interest in dental medicine with nanomaterials would lead molecular dynamics simulations to be an effective method for studying inhibition and killing pathological process of nanomaterials on oral bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiming Sun
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, 330006, PR China
| | - Xiangli Dong
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, 330006, PR China
| | - Guohua Yu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, 330006, PR China
| | - Lang Shuai
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, 330006, PR China
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Guo J, Jin M, Kanani D. Optimization of Single‐Column Batch and Multicolumn Continuous Protein A Chromatography and Performance Comparison Based on Mechanistic Model. Biotechnol J 2020; 15:e2000192. [PMID: 32663374 DOI: 10.1002/biot.202000192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 06/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Guo
- Global R&D, Teva Pharmaceutical, 145 Brandywine Parkway, West Chester, PA, 19380, USA
| | - Mi Jin
- Global R&D, Teva Pharmaceutical, 145 Brandywine Parkway, West Chester, PA, 19380, USA
| | - Dharmesh Kanani
- Global R&D, Teva Pharmaceutical, 145 Brandywine Parkway, West Chester, PA, 19380, USA
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Knödler M, Rühl C, Opdensteinen P, Buyel JF. Activated Cross-linked Agarose for the Rapid Development of Affinity Chromatography Resins - Antibody Capture as a Case Study. J Vis Exp 2019. [PMID: 31475984 DOI: 10.3791/59933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The purification of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) is commonly achieved by Protein A affinity chromatography, which can account for up to 25% of the overall process costs. Alternative, cost-effective capture steps are therefore valuable for industrial-scale manufacturing, where large quantities of a single mAb are produced. Here we present a method for the immobilization of a DsRed-based epitope ligand to a cross-linked agarose resin allowing the selective capture of the HIV-neutralizing antibody 2F5 from crude plant extracts without using Protein A. The linear epitope ELDKWA was first genetically fused to the fluorescent protein DsRed and the fusion protein was expressed in transgenic tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) plants before purification by immobilized metal-ion affinity chromatography. Furthermore, a method based on activated cross-linked agarose was optimized for high ligand density, efficient coupling and low costs. The pH and buffer composition and the soluble ligand concentration were the most important parameters during the coupling procedure, which was improved using a design-of-experiments approach. The resulting affinity resin was tested for its ability to selectively bind the target mAb in a crude plant extract and the elution buffer was optimized for high mAb recovery, product activity and affinity resin stability. The method can easily be adapted to other antibodies with linear epitopes. The new resins allow gentler elution conditions than Protein A and could also reduce the costs of an initial capture step for mAb production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Knödler
- Institute for Molecular Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University; Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e. V
| | | | - Patrick Opdensteinen
- Institute for Molecular Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University; Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e. V
| | - Johannes F Buyel
- Institute for Molecular Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University; Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e. V.;
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Raab N, Mathias S, Alt K, Handrick R, Fischer S, Schmieder V, Jadhav V, Borth N, Otte K. CRISPR/Cas9-Mediated Knockout of MicroRNA-744 Improves Antibody Titer of CHO Production Cell Lines. Biotechnol J 2019; 14:e1800477. [PMID: 30802343 DOI: 10.1002/biot.201800477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Revised: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are noncoding RNAs that serve as versatile molecular engineering tools to improve production cells by overexpression or knockdown of miRNAs showing beneficial or adverse effects on cell-culture performance. The genomic knockout (KO) of noncoding RNAs in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) production cells has not been reported. However, given the significant number of miRNAs showing negative effects on CHO-bioprocess performance and the development of clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/CRISPR-associated proteins (CRISPR/Cas9), genome editing tools facilitate precise optimization of CHO cells via modulation of noncoding RNAs. In a previous high-content miRNA screen, miR-744 was identified as a potential target associated with reduced productivity. Hence, the genomic miR-744 precursor sequence is deleted by two single guide RNA (sgRNA)-Cas9-mediated DNA double-strand breaks (DSB) flanking the miR-744 locus. After fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS), clonal miR-744 KO cell lines are recovered and three of them are confirmed as miR-744 KOs. Impacts of CRISPR/Cas9 editing are characterized at the genetic, transcript, and phenotypic levels. During batch cultivation, antibody titers of miR-744 KOs are significantly increased to 190-311 mg L-1 compared to a nontargeting (NT) sgRNA transfected clonal control with 156 mg L-1 , pointing towards the potential of miRNA KO for cell line engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadja Raab
- Institute of Applied Biotechnology, University of Applied Sciences Biberach, Hubertus-Liebrecht-Str. 35, Biberach, 88400, Germany
| | - Sven Mathias
- Institute of Applied Biotechnology, University of Applied Sciences Biberach, Hubertus-Liebrecht-Str. 35, Biberach, 88400, Germany
| | - Kerstin Alt
- Institute of Applied Biotechnology, University of Applied Sciences Biberach, Hubertus-Liebrecht-Str. 35, Biberach, 88400, Germany
- Genetikum, Wegenerstraße 15, Neu-Ulm, 89231, Germany
| | - René Handrick
- Institute of Applied Biotechnology, University of Applied Sciences Biberach, Hubertus-Liebrecht-Str. 35, Biberach, 88400, Germany
| | - Simon Fischer
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co KG, Cell Line Development CMB, Birkendorfer Str. 65, Biberach, 88397, Germany
| | - Valerie Schmieder
- Austrian Center of Industrial Biotechnology, Muthgasse 11, Vienna, 1190, Austria
| | - Vaibhav Jadhav
- Austrian Center of Industrial Biotechnology, Muthgasse 11, Vienna, 1190, Austria
| | - Nicole Borth
- Austrian Center of Industrial Biotechnology, Muthgasse 11, Vienna, 1190, Austria
- BOKU Vienna, Institute of Biotechnology, Gregor-Mendel-Straße 33, Vienna, 1180, Austria
| | - Kerstin Otte
- Institute of Applied Biotechnology, University of Applied Sciences Biberach, Hubertus-Liebrecht-Str. 35, Biberach, 88400, Germany
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Islam T, Naik AD, Hashimoto Y, Menegatti S, Carbonell RG. Optimization of Sequence, Display, and Mode of Operation of IgG-Binding Peptide Ligands to Develop Robust, High-Capacity Affinity Adsorbents That Afford High IgG Product Quality. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E161. [PMID: 30621158 PMCID: PMC6337475 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20010161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Revised: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This work presents the use of peptide ligand HWRGWV and its cognate sequences to develop affinity adsorbents that compete with Protein A in terms of binding capacity and quality of the eluted product. First, the peptide ligand was conjugated to crosslinked agarose resins (WorkBeads) at different densities and using different spacer arms. The optimization of ligand density and display resulted in values of static and dynamic binding capacity of 85 mg/mL and 65 mg/mL, respectively. A selected peptide-WorkBeads adsorbent was utilized for purifying Mabs from Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) cell culture supernatants. The peptide-WorkBeads adsorbent was found able to withstand sanitization with strong alkaline solutions (0.5 M NaOH). The purity of the eluted product was consistently higher than 95%, with logarithmic removal value (LRV) of 1.5 for host cell proteins (HCPs) and 4.0 for DNA. HCP clearance was significantly improved by adding a post-load washing step with either 0.1 M Tris HCl pH 9 or 1 M NaCl. The cognate peptide of HWRGWV, constructed by replacing arginine (R) with citrulline, further increased the HCP LRV to 2.15. The peptide-based adsorbent also showed a remarkable performance in terms of removal of Mab aggregates; unlike Protein A, in fact, HWRGWV was found to bind only monomeric IgG. Collectively, these results demonstrate the potential of peptide-based adsorbents as alternative to Protein A for the purification of therapeutic antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuhidul Islam
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7905, USA.
- Biomanufacturing Training and Education Center (BTEC), North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7928, USA.
| | - Amith D Naik
- Biomanufacturing Training and Education Center (BTEC), North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7928, USA.
| | - Yasuhiro Hashimoto
- Department of Research and Development, Fuji Silysia Chemical LTD, Kasugai Aichi 487-0013, Japan.
| | - Stefano Menegatti
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7905, USA.
- Biomanufacturing Training and Education Center (BTEC), North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7928, USA.
| | - Ruben G Carbonell
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7905, USA.
- Biomanufacturing Training and Education Center (BTEC), North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7928, USA.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Identifying women at risk of preeclampsia (PE) by maternal serum screening is conducive to prompt gestational management and thereby improve both maternal and perinatal outcomes. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the association between the concentrations of maternal serum placental growth factor (PLGF), pregnancy associated plasma protein-A (PAPPA), free β-human chorionic gonadotropin (β-hCG), and αFetoprotein (AFP) and the development of preeclampsia early in the second trimester. METHODS Forty pregnant women subsequently developed mild PE, 21 pregnant women subsequently developed severe PE, and 61 cases of normotensive controls were included. Maternal serum concentrations of PLGF, PAPPA, β-hCG, and AFP were measured at 15 - 20 weeks of gestation. RESULTS Serum PLGF level was lower in women who subsequently developed PE than in normotensive controls. However, the significant difference was only found between the severe PE and control groups (p = 0.015). Serum PAPPA, β-hCG, and AFP levels were not significantly different between the PE and control groups. CONCLUSIONS Serum PLGF level was lower in women who subsequently developed severe PE early in the second trimester, suggesting its role in prediction of PE.
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Caroselli R, García Castelló J, Escorihuela J, Bañuls MJ, Maquieira Á, García-Rupérez J. Experimental Study of the Oriented Immobilization of Antibodies on Photonic Sensing Structures by Using Protein A as an Intermediate Layer. Sensors (Basel) 2018; 18:s18041012. [PMID: 29597326 PMCID: PMC5949038 DOI: 10.3390/s18041012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2018] [Revised: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
A proper antibody immobilization on a biosensor is a crucial step in order to obtain a high sensitivity to be able to detect low target analyte concentrations. In this paper, we present an experimental study of the immobilization process of antibodies as bioreceptors on a photonic ring resonator sensor. A protein A intermediate layer was created on the sensor surface in order to obtain an oriented immobilization of the antibodies, which enhances the interaction with the target antigens to be detected. The anti-bovine serum albumin (antiBSA)-bovine serum albumin (BSA) pair was used as a model for our study. An opto-fluidic setup was developed in order to flow the different reagents and, simultaneously, to monitor in real-time the spectral response of the photonic sensing structure. The antiBSA immobilization and the BSA detection, their repeatability, and specificity were studied in different conditions of the sensor surface. Finally, an experimental limit of detection for BSA recognition of only 1 ng/mL was obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raffaele Caroselli
- Nanophotonics Technology Center, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain.
| | - Javier García Castelló
- Nanophotonics Technology Center, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain.
| | - Jorge Escorihuela
- Centro de Reconocimiento Molecular y Desarrollo Tecnológico, Departamento de Química, Universitat Politècnica de València, 46022 Valencia, Spain.
| | - María José Bañuls
- Centro de Reconocimiento Molecular y Desarrollo Tecnológico, Departamento de Química, Universitat Politècnica de València, 46022 Valencia, Spain.
| | - Ángel Maquieira
- Centro de Reconocimiento Molecular y Desarrollo Tecnológico, Departamento de Química, Universitat Politècnica de València, 46022 Valencia, Spain.
| | - Jaime García-Rupérez
- Nanophotonics Technology Center, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain.
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