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Hickman E, Almaqhawi A, Gillies C, Khunti K, Seidu S. Beliefs, practices, perceptions and motivations of healthcare professionals on medication deprescribing during end-of-life care: A systematic review. Prim Care Diabetes 2024:S1751-9918(24)00040-8. [PMID: 38443294 DOI: 10.1016/j.pcd.2024.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
AIM Conduct a systematic review to investigate current beliefs, practices, perceptions, and motivations towards deprescribing practices from the healthcare professional perspective in older adults residing in long term care facilities with cardiometabolic conditions, using a narrative approach. METHODS Studies were identified using a literature search of MEDLINE, CINAHL and Web of Science from inception to June 2023 Two reviewers (EH and AA) independently extracted data from each selected study using a standardised self-developed data extraction proforma. Studies reviewed included cross-sectional and observational studies. Data was extracted on baseline characteristics, motivations and beliefs and was discussed using a narrative approach. RESULTS Eight studies were identified for inclusion. Deprescribing approaches included complete withdrawal, dose reduction, or switching to an alternative medication, for at least one preventive medication. Most healthcare professionals were willing to initiate deprescribing strategies and stated the importance of such interventions, however many felt inexperienced and lacked the required knowledge to feel comfortable doing so. CONCLUSION Deprescribing is a key strategy when managing older people with cardiometabolic and multiple long term conditions (MLTC). Overall, HCPs including specialists, were happy to explore deprescribing strategies if provided with the relevant training and development to do so. Barriers that still exist include communication and consultation skills, a lack of evidence-based guidance and trust based policies, and a lack of MDT communications and involvement. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION PROSPERO CRD42022335106.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Hickman
- Diabetes Research Centre, Leicester Diabetes Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester General Hospital, Gwendolen Road, Leicester LE5 4WP, UK.
| | - Abdullah Almaqhawi
- Diabetes Research Centre, Leicester Diabetes Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester General Hospital, Gwendolen Road, Leicester LE5 4WP, UK
| | - Clare Gillies
- Diabetes Research Centre, Leicester Diabetes Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester General Hospital, Gwendolen Road, Leicester LE5 4WP, UK
| | - Kamlesh Khunti
- Diabetes Research Centre, Leicester Diabetes Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester General Hospital, Gwendolen Road, Leicester LE5 4WP, UK
| | - Samuel Seidu
- Diabetes Research Centre, Leicester Diabetes Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester General Hospital, Gwendolen Road, Leicester LE5 4WP, UK
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Al Zadjali F, Brooks J, O'Neill TW, Stanmore E. Experiences of postmenopausal osteoporosis: a narrative review. Disabil Rehabil 2024; 46:828-840. [PMID: 36705072 DOI: 10.1080/09638288.2023.2169770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE A narrative review was conducted to identify, critically appraise, and synthesise primary research on the lived experiences of postmenopausal women with osteoporosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS A systematic search of qualitative studies published between January 1960 and August 2021 was conducted across seven databases. The selected qualitative studies reported the lived experiences of postmenopausal women with osteoporosis, both with and without a history of fragility fractures. RESULTS A total of 17 publications (n = 334) were identified. These results suggest that osteoporosis and fragility fractures significantly affected postmenopausal women's lives. They reported difficulties in carrying out daily activities due to pain and change in their routines to cope with health problems. Some women were satisfied with the information provided by healthcare professionals. Their medicine adherence was also determined by their belief in the importance of their scheduled treatment for osteoporosis. CONCLUSION Qualitative studies that explored the lived experiences of postmenopausal women with osteoporosis can provide important insights into the impact of the disease on women's lives and potential pathways for improving care and management.Implications for rehabilitationOsteoporosis and fragility fractures affect the quality of life of postmenopausal women worldwide.The provision of targeted and tailored health information for postmenopausal women with osteoporosis is paramount in improving their health literacy and aiding in the long-term management of their bone health.What is already knownOsteoporosis and related fragility fractures are common, affecting more than 200 million people worldwide, including three million people in the UK.Osteoporotic fractures have significant clinical and public health impacts.What this study addsOsteoporosis, particularly fragility fractures, has a significant impact on the lives of postmenopausal women, including pain and functional impairment.Women's belief in the importance of their scheduled treatment plays a significant role in their concordance with the prescribed medications for osteoporosis.Provision of targeted health information for postmenopausal women with osteoporosis is key to their involvement in decision-making and disease management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faiza Al Zadjali
- School of Health Sciences, Division of Nursing, Midwifery and Social Work, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- School of Health Sciences, Division of Nursing, Midwifery and Social Work, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre (MAHSC), Manchester, UK
| | - Jane Brooks
- School of Health Sciences, Division of Nursing, Midwifery and Social Work, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- School of Health Sciences, Division of Nursing, Midwifery and Social Work, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre (MAHSC), Manchester, UK
| | - Terence W O'Neill
- Centre for Epidemiology Versus Arthritis, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Department of Rheumatology, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Salford, UK
- NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Emma Stanmore
- School of Health Sciences, Division of Nursing, Midwifery and Social Work, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- School of Health Sciences, Division of Nursing, Midwifery and Social Work, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre (MAHSC), Manchester, UK
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González LMP, Del Pilar Ureña M, Andrade D, Vergara-Escobar OJ, Palacios C, Camargo-Figuera FA. Validation of an instrument to measure knowledge, attitudes and skills towards Evidence-Based Practice in nursing students in Colombia. Nurse Educ Pract 2024; 76:103904. [PMID: 38402831 DOI: 10.1016/j.nepr.2024.103904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
BACKGOUND Evidence-Based Practice (EBP) is crucial for the nursing profession, as it helps professionals make informed clinical decisions based on the best available evidence. Most EBP competency assessment tools focus on specific technical knowledge or skill components, and most have been tested on medical students. The Evidence-Based Practice Competence Questionnaire (EBP-COQ-E) is an instrument that assesses the competence in EBP in nursing students. The objective of the article was to evaluate the psychometric properties of the EBP-COQ-E instrument in final year nursing students in Colombia. DESIGN A validation study was conducted using a cross-sectional design. METHODS The population included nursing students from 19 programs in Colombia, who were selected during the years 2020 and 2021 based on their university enrollment in the last year of training in nursing programs with current qualified registration by the Ministry of Education and who had attended the least one subject related to research. The data were collected through a virtual platform and the researchers consolidated it into a general database. The EBP-COQ-E instrument consists of 25 items grouped into three factors: attitude towards EBP, skills for EBP and knowledge about EBP. The items were answered on a Likert-type scale from 1 to 5. An exploratory factor analysis was performed and an internal consistency analysis of the instrument. RESULTS A total of 1021 final year students from 19 university nursing programs participated, with a mean age of 23 years and where 83% identified themselves as female. The results showed good internal consistency and construct validity for the instrument, with a Cronbach's alpha of 0.89. In the exploratory factor analysis, 3 factors were found that explained 51% of the variance of the data. Together these three factors had statistically significant positive correlations. CONCLUSION The study contributes to the validation of the Evidence-Based Practice Competence Questionnaire (EBP-COQ-E) which is a valid and reliable tool to assess knowledge, attitudes and skills in EBP in nursing students in the Colombian context. Training in EBP is crucial to guarantee the quality of performance of future professionals in care practice and the EBP-COQ-E can be useful and applicable where it is necessary to evaluate this competence in training processes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - David Andrade
- Fundación Universitaria de Ciencias de la Salud FUCS, Bogotá, Colombia
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Sofeu-Feugaing DD, Ajonglefac FN, Moyeh MN, Essende ME, Jugha VT, Taiwe GS. Community engagement and antimalarial drugs medication as the first line of defense in the fight against antimalarial drug resistance in some endemic localities in Cameroon. IJID Reg 2024; 10:207-213. [PMID: 38434236 PMCID: PMC10904894 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijregi.2024.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Objectives Malaria burden is primarily owing to resistance of parasites and vectors to frontline drugs and insecticides, respectively. Increasing awareness of factors contributing to parasite resistance to antimalarials within communities is crucial. This study assessed how community knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAPs) influence factors contributing to antimalarial resistance across four malaria ecological zones in Cameroon. Methods To accomplish this, structured questionnaires were administered to 980 volunteers from four geographical locations in English or French (the official languages of Cameroon). The data were organized and tested for normality. Spearman rank correlation was used to examine the connection between KAP and malaria. Results The mean KAP scores were 5.69 ± 1.47, 5.91 ± 1.25, and 5.66 ± 1.84, respectively, on a nine-point scale. Antimalarials commonly used were artemisinin-based combination therapies (37.96%), chloroquine (4.29%), quinine (22.24%), paracetamol (12.96%), and native drugs (19.80%). Up to 49.49% of the participants practiced self-medication, whereas 76.43% bought medications from licensed pharmacies, 10.61% bought from roadside vendors, and 23.57% relied on traditional/herbal medicines. We observed significant and medium positive linear correlations at P <0.01 between knowledge-attitude (r = 0.528), knowledge-practice (r = 0.400), and attitude-practice (r = 0.496). Conclusions Despite the general fair level of awareness of proper management and use of antimalarial drugs in the communities, the high level of self-medication and gross neglect of certain risk factors that may promote the emergence and spread of drug-resistant parasites is concerning.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Marcel Nyuylam Moyeh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon
| | | | - Vanessa Tita Jugha
- Department of Animal Biology and Conservation, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon
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Brosig-Koch J, Hennig-Schmidt H, Kairies-Schwarz N, Kokot J, Wiesen D. A new look at physicians' responses to financial incentives: Quality of care, practice characteristics, and motivations. J Health Econ 2024; 94:102862. [PMID: 38401249 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhealeco.2024.102862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024]
Abstract
There is considerable controversy about what causes (in)effectiveness of physician performance pay in improving the quality of care. Using a behavioral experiment with German primary-care physicians, we study the incentive effect of performance pay on service provision and quality of care. To explore whether variations in quality are based on the incentive scheme and the interplay with physicians' real-world profit orientation and patient-regarding motivations, we link administrative data on practice characteristics and survey data on physicians' attitudes with experimental data. We find that, under performance pay, quality increases by about 7pp compared to baseline capitation. While the effect increases with the severity of illness, the bonus level does not significantly affect the quality of care. Data linkage indicates that primary-care physicians in high-profit practices provide a lower quality of care. Physicians' other-regarding motivations and attitudes are significant drivers of high treatment quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeannette Brosig-Koch
- Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg and Health Economics Research Center (CINCH) Essen, Germany.
| | | | - Nadja Kairies-Schwarz
- Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Medical Faculty, Centre for Health and Society (chs) and German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research, Germany.
| | - Johanna Kokot
- University of Hamburg and Hamburg Center for Health Economics, Germany.
| | - Daniel Wiesen
- University of Cologne, Department of Healthcare Management and Center for Social and Economic Behavior (C-SEB), Germany.
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Chiu V, Dawson D, Chan G, Hall W, Hides L, Leung J. Prevalence and correlates of positive parental attitudes towards cannabis use and use intention in Australia during 2016 and 2019. Addict Behav 2024; 150:107917. [PMID: 38043472 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2023.107917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION With recent policy changes around medicinal cannabis in Australia, there is concern about the influence of changing norms of cannabis use on adults who are actively parenting. METHODS This repeated cross-sectional population study used National and Drug Strategy and Household Surveys to estimate the changes and correlates of cannabis-related attitudes (support of legalisation, approve of regular use, would try or use if legal) among Australian parents from 2016 to 2019. RESULTS The estimated proportion of parents who supported legalisation and approved regular cannabis use increased significantly. Parents who would try cannabis if it was legal grew from 5.9% (95 %CI: 5.2, 6.7) to 8.1% (95 %CI: 7.2, 9.0). Parents who said they would use cannabis more often increased from 1.6 (95 % CI: 1.2, 1.9) to 2.9 (95 %CI: 2.4, 3.4), an 81% jump in the three years. The strongest associations were observed between a very high level of psychological distress and regular smoking and drinking. For example, people with a very high level of psychological distress were 2.16 times (95 %CI: 1.42, 3.28) and 2.48 times (95 %CI: 1.61, 3.83) more likely to approve legalisation and regular cannabis use, respectively. Daily drinking was associated with higher odds of trying cannabis (OR = 1.66; CI: 1.25-2.20). DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION The proportion of parents who would try or use cannabis more often represents a sizeable pool of potential new and frequent users. This highlights the need for education and intervention strategies for parents who use cannabis and care for young children. The associations between mental health and substance use suggest that more research is needed to understand the impact of legalisation on vulnerable groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivian Chiu
- School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia; National Centre for Youth Substance Use Research, The University of Queensland, 31 Upland Road, St Lucia, QLD 4067, Australia.
| | - Danielle Dawson
- School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia; National Centre for Youth Substance Use Research, The University of Queensland, 31 Upland Road, St Lucia, QLD 4067, Australia.
| | - Gary Chan
- National Centre for Youth Substance Use Research, The University of Queensland, 31 Upland Road, St Lucia, QLD 4067, Australia.
| | - Wayne Hall
- National Centre for Youth Substance Use Research, The University of Queensland, 31 Upland Road, St Lucia, QLD 4067, Australia.
| | - Leanne Hides
- School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia; National Centre for Youth Substance Use Research, The University of Queensland, 31 Upland Road, St Lucia, QLD 4067, Australia.
| | - Janni Leung
- School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia; National Centre for Youth Substance Use Research, The University of Queensland, 31 Upland Road, St Lucia, QLD 4067, Australia.
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Nowaskie DZ, Dauterman JW, Dauterman LC, Menez O. U.S. Pediatric Residents' Preparedness, Attitudes, and Knowledge in LGBTQ+ Health Care. J Pediatr Health Care 2024; 38:140-147. [PMID: 38429026 DOI: 10.1016/j.pedhc.2023.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The objective of this study was to evaluate pediatric residents' lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, and all sexual and gender diverse (LGBTQ+) care. METHOD In June 2022, U.S. pediatric residents completed an anonymous online survey including the Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender-Development of Clinical Skills Scale (LGBT-DOCSS). RESULTS Pediatric residents (n = 78) reported low-to-moderate annual amounts of LGBT curricular hours (3.32 ± 3.17) and LGBT patients (13.84 ± 15.11) as well as low-to-moderate clinical preparedness and knowledge and high positive attitudes. They were significantly less likely to report receiving adequate training and supervision, having experience, and feeling competent in transgender care compared with lesbian, gay, and bisexual care. In general, pediatric residents who reported more LGBT education and LGBT patients also reported higher LGBT-DOCSS scores. DISCUSSION Pediatric residents in this study had substantial shortcomings in LGBTQ+ care. Pediatric programs must increase LGBTQ+ education and LGBTQ+ patient exposure.
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Stahl C, Bena J, Aust F, Mierop A, Corneille O. A conditional judgment procedure for probing evaluative conditioning effects in the absence of feelings of remembering. Behav Res Methods 2024; 56:1140-1163. [PMID: 37730932 PMCID: PMC10990992 DOI: 10.3758/s13428-023-02081-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
Attitude research has capitalized on evaluative conditioning procedures to gain insight into how evaluations are formed and may be changed. In evaluative conditioning, a conditioned stimulus (CS; e.g., an unfamiliar soda brand) is paired with an unconditioned stimulus (US) of affective value (e.g., a pleasant picture). Following this pairing, a change in CS liking may be observed (e.g., the soda brand is liked better). A question with far-reaching theoretical and practical implications is whether the change in CS liking is found when participants feel they do not remember the CS-US pairings at the time an evaluation is produced about the CS. Here, we introduce a new conditional judgment procedure-the two-button-sets (TBS) task-for probing evaluative conditioning effects without feelings of remembering about the valence of the US paired with the CS. In three experiments, the TBS is (1) is successfully validated; it is also used to (2) provide preliminary information on the feeling of remembering question, and (3) to examine an affect-consistent bias in memory judgments for CS-US pairings. Results do not support evaluative effects in the absence of feelings of remembering, and they oppose the view that affect-consistent bias is limited to memory uncertainty. We discuss these findings in light of previous evidence and of dual-learning models of attitudes. We also discuss limitations and research avenues related to the new procedure.
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Tang CS, Mars M, James J, Appleton KM. Associations between attitudes towards and reported intakes of sugars, low/no-calorie sweeteners, and sweet-tasting foods in a UK sample. Appetite 2024; 194:107169. [PMID: 38113982 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2023.107169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Public health initiatives are currently aiming to lower free sugar intakes for health benefits, but attitudes towards sugars, their alternatives such as low/no-calorie sweeteners (LNCS), and towards sweet-tasting foods may be hampering efforts. This work investigated associations between attitudes towards and the reported intakes of sugars, LNCS and sweet-tasting foods, and identified latent attitude profiles in subpopulations of adults in the United Kingdom. A total of 581 adults completed a questionnaire assessing their usual intake of sugars, LNCS and sweet-tasting foods, attitudes towards these foods and various demographic characteristics. Six principal components explained 39.1% of the variance in the attitude responses, named: 'Personal Impact', 'Personal Management', 'Apathy', 'Negativity', 'Perceived Understanding' and 'Perceived Nonautonomy'. Personal Impact was negatively associated with reported consumption of sugar-food and sweet-tasting food groups more frequently (smallest β = -0.24, p < .01). Personal Management was positively associated with reporting adding sugar and consuming sugar-food and sweet-tasting food groups more frequently (smallest β = 0.14, p < .01). Three latent classes of participants with distinct patterns of attitudes were identified, labelled: 'Feeling Ill-equipped' (n = 52), 'Actively Engaged' (n = 162) or 'Unopinionated' (n = 367). Individuals who were classed as Actively Engaged reported adding LNCS more frequently than those classed as Feeling Ill-equipped (t(212) = -2.14, p<.01), who reported consuming sweet-tasting food groups more frequently than those classed as Unopinionated (t(417) = 2.65, p < .01). These findings suggest the need for personalised approaches within public health initiatives, to reduce free sugar intakes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia S Tang
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Bournemouth University, Poole House, Talbot Campus, Bournemouth, BH12 5BB, UK; Consumer Culinary Experience Team, Kraft Heinz Research & Development Center, Nijmegen, 6534 AD, the Netherlands.
| | - Monica Mars
- Sensory Science and Eating Behaviour Group, Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, 6708 WE, the Netherlands.
| | - Janet James
- Department of Nursing Science, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, Bournemouth University, Bournemouth Gateway Building, St. Pauls Lane, Bournemouth, BH8 8GP, UK.
| | - Katherine M Appleton
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Bournemouth University, Poole House, Talbot Campus, Bournemouth, BH12 5BB, UK.
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Cleary E, Bloomfield J, Frotjold A, Schneider C. A realist synthesis of interprofessional patient safety activities and healthcare student attitudes towards patient safety. J Interprof Care 2024; 38:346-376. [PMID: 37525993 DOI: 10.1080/13561820.2023.2238772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
Interprofessional education (IPE) has been used for instilling a positive safety culture within healthcare, yet what interventions work to change healthcare student attitudes and how improved patient safety outcomes are best achieved with this intervention, is unclear and challenging to evaluate. A realist synthesis was undertaken to ascertain how, why, and in what circumstances IPE activities result in a positive change to student attitudes to patient safety. Database searches of CINAHL, MEDLINE, Scopus, and Eric were undertaken in April 2022 to identify relevant studies. Synthesis with a realist framework of analysis, coupled with the development of a program theory was conducted to identify interactions among contexts, intervention, mechanisms, and outcomes (CIMO). Twenty-three articles eligible for inclusion articulated environments in which varied contexts, interventions, and mechanisms were activated to influence student attitudes to patient safety. Findings from this realist synthesis informs awareness into the methods of delivering and evaluating IPE activities and offers new perspectives for educators in planning and evaluating future IPE from a collaborative and positive safety culture perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Cleary
- University of Sydney Susan Wakil School of Nursing and Midwifery, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Jacqueline Bloomfield
- University of Sydney Susan Wakil School of Nursing and Midwifery, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Astrid Frotjold
- University of Sydney Susan Wakil School of Nursing and Midwifery, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Carl Schneider
- University of Sydney School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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Zhao T, Zhang X, Cui X, Chen Y, Wang N, Bin Wang, Ren Z, Sun L, Zhao P, Xu J, Han X. Awareness, attitudes and first aid knowledge of epilepsy among university students - A cross-sectional study in Henan Province, China. Epilepsy Res 2024; 201:107315. [PMID: 38364765 DOI: 10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2024.107315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Epilepsy is a debilitating disease that can lead to series of social and psychological issues, impairing the quality of life of people with epilepsy (PWE). This survey aimed to investigate the awareness, attitudes, and first-aid knowledge of epilepsy in university students METHOD: This cross-sectional study was conducted in Henan Province, China between January 1 and April 30, 2022. Students majored in education, medicine, science and engineering from 8 universities attended the study. The survey questionnaire comprised 28 questions covering 4 sections: demographic characteristics, awareness of epilepsy, attitudes toward PWE and knowledge of first aid for seizures. RESULTS A total of 2376 university students completed the questionnaire. 94.7% heard of epilepsy. In the first aid knowledge section, individual question was correctly answered by at least 50% students, 9.3% students correctly answered all questions. Attitude toward PWE was independently (R2 =0.108, F=73.227, p < 0.001) associated with both awareness of epilepsy (B=0.411, p < 0.001) and first aid knowledge of epilepsy (B=0.047, p = 0.001). Among the three majors, medical students had more positive attitudes toward PWE than students majored in education, science and engineering (p < 0.05). However, medical students performed worse among the groups when answering the first aid knowledge questions. CONCLUSION This survey showed that university students in Central China had a good awareness of epilepsy. For medical students, improvements are necessary for the awareness of the first aid knowledge for seizure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450000, China
| | - Xuefei Zhang
- Department of Basic Medicine, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450000, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Cui
- Department of Neurology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450000, China
| | - Yanan Chen
- Department of Neurology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450000, China
| | - Na Wang
- Department of Neurology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450000, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of Neurology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450000, China
| | - Zhe Ren
- Department of Neurology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450000, China
| | - Lei Sun
- Department of Neurology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450000, China
| | - Pan Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450000, China
| | - Jun Xu
- Department of Neurology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450000, China
| | - Xiong Han
- Department of Neurology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450000, China.
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Hildingsson I, Fahlbeck H, Larsson B, Johansson M. Swedish midwives' attitudes towards continuity models-a cross-sectional survey. Sex Reprod Healthc 2024; 40:100957. [PMID: 38430672 DOI: 10.1016/j.srhc.2024.100957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 02/17/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Midwifery continuity models are growing worldwide, but few such alternatives are available in Sweden. There is sparse knowledge about Swedish midwives' attitudes about midwifery continuity models. AIM The aim of this study was to explore Swedish midwives' attitudes toward continuity models. An additional aim was to evaluate the psychometric properties of a previously developed instrument measuring attitudes to continuity models. METHODS A cross-sectional survey of a national sample of 2537 midwives in Sweden. The participants completed a questionnaire online. A Principal component Analysis was performed to identify components in the instrument. RESULTS A fairly similar proportion of midwives worked in antenatal care (30.7%), intrapartum care (30.7%) and in other areas (31.1%). Many midwives (59%) agreed that continuity models should be available to women, but were not certain about if such models should be offered to all women or low risk women only. Two domains of the attitude scale were identified; Relationship-based Midwifery Continuity Models, and Practical and Organisational Aspects of Midwifery Continuity Models. Age, having children, marital status, length of work experience and place of work were associated with high agreement non the two components. CONCLUSION Many midwives in general held positive attitudes about continuity models. The relationship aspects were highly valued but midwives were also hesitant about the practical and organisational aspect of continuity models. Unbiased information to midwives about the pros and cons with continuity models should be offered, in order to limit misunderstandings about the model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingegerd Hildingsson
- Department of Nursing, Mid Sweden University, Sundsvall, Sweden; Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Hanna Fahlbeck
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Birgitta Larsson
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; Sophiahemmet University College, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Margareta Johansson
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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Guinat M, Staffoni L, Santschi V, Didier A, Gachoud D, Greppin-Bécherraz C. Evaluating the impact of a blended interprofessional education course on students' attitudes towards interprofessional education: a pre-post study. BMC Med Educ 2024; 24:204. [PMID: 38413938 PMCID: PMC10900638 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-024-05170-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Since 2011, five educational and healthcare institutions have implemented a short interprofessional education (IPE) course to bring together undergraduates from five disciplines. To meet the logistical challenges of IPE implementation, more specifically, the large number of classrooms needed to gather students together and the need for human resources to guide learning activities, a face-to-face IPE course was redesigned into a blended (online and face-to-face collaborative learning activities) IPE course. In March 2023, 183 medical, 378 nursing, 46 radiologic technology, 69 physiotherapy, and 74 occupational therapy students participated in a one-day IPE blended course to learn interprofessional team functioning and dynamics, role clarification and responsibilities of other professions, and interprofessional communication skills. This study aimed to assess students' changes in attitudes towards IPE after being involved in a large-scale interprofessional blended learning course. METHODS A before-after study was conducted using a French translation of the validated questionnaire "University of West of England Interprofessional Questionnaire" (UWE-IP questionnaire). Students' attitudes towards interprofessional (IP) relationships and IP learning were measured before and after the course. In March 2023, two hundred fifty-six students from five professions answered two subscales of the UWE-IP questionnaire before and after the course (response rate 34%). RESULTS Students' attitudes towards IP relationships improved significantly after the course. The score on this subscale (min 8; max 24) changed from 11.18 (SD 2,67) before the course to 10,38 (SD 2,55) after the course, indicating a significant improvement in attitudes towards IP relationships (p < 0,001). More specifically, students had more positive attitudes on the item "I have a good understanding of the roles of different health and social care professionals." and the item "I feel that I am respected by people from other health and social care disciplines." after the course. A positive change in students' attitudes towards IP learning was observed, but the results were not significative. CONCLUSION A face-to-face IPE course redesigned as a blended course helped overcome existing challenges to implementing an IPE course. The results suggest a blended IPE course improves students' attitudes towards interprofessionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Guinat
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland.
- Medical Education Unit of the School of Medicine FBM, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - L Staffoni
- Haute Ecole de Santé Vaud (HESAV), School of Health Sciences, HES-SO, University of Applied Sciences and Arts Western Switzerland, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - V Santschi
- La Source, School of Nursing Sciences, HES-SO, University of Applied Sciences and Arts Western Switzerland, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - A Didier
- Haute Ecole de Santé Vaud (HESAV), School of Health Sciences, HES-SO, University of Applied Sciences and Arts Western Switzerland, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - D Gachoud
- Medical Education Unit of the School of Medicine FBM, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Internal Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - C Greppin-Bécherraz
- Haute Ecole de Santé Vaud (HESAV), School of Health Sciences, HES-SO, University of Applied Sciences and Arts Western Switzerland, Lausanne, Switzerland
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Hanson BL, Finley K, Otto J, Ward NJ, Banik S. Community Support for Harm Reduction and Treatment of Opioid Use Disorder. J Community Health 2024:10.1007/s10900-023-01278-6. [PMID: 38409628 DOI: 10.1007/s10900-023-01278-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
As the opioid epidemic continues, availability of evidence-based strategies for harm reduction and treatment in communities is critical to reduce overdose and other consequences of opioid use disorder. Community members' support of harm reduction and treatment services is needed for new programs and to maintain existent programs. This study sought to understand beliefs and attitudes associated with support for three community-based strategies to address opioid misuse and addiction: naloxone, needle exchange, and medication-assisted treatment. We conducted a cross-sectional online survey with 545 adults. Results of the survey showed that participants supported all three strategies, with the strongest support for medication-assisted treatment. Multiple regression showed that stigma and perceived stigma were significant predictors for all three strategies, with inverse relationships. Stigmatizing beliefs predicted less support while perceiving stigma among others was associated with greater support for the strategies. Normative beliefs also significantly predicted support for all three strategies, such that stronger belief that others were supportive of each strategy was associated with greater support for that strategy. Other predictors varied across the three strategies. Support for harm reduction and treatment programs in communities affected by the opioid epidemic may be bolstered by reducing stigma and increasing normative beliefs. Stronger support for medication-assisted treatment may be leveraged and extended to harm reduction strategies. Results of our study contribute insights for bolstering community support for harm reduction and treatment, which is vital for adoption and maintenance of these important programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bridget L Hanson
- Center for Health and Safety Culture, Montana State University, P.O. Box 170548, Bozeman, MT, 59717, USA.
| | - Kari Finley
- Center for Health and Safety Culture, Montana State University, P.O. Box 170548, Bozeman, MT, 59717, USA
| | - Jay Otto
- Center for Health and Safety Culture, Montana State University, P.O. Box 170548, Bozeman, MT, 59717, USA
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Alvarado G, Hilton A, Montenegro A, Palmer CA. Passing on the Zzz's: Adolescent sleep attitudes are associated with sleep behaviors and parental prioritization of sleep. Sleep Health 2024:S2352-7218(23)00314-5. [PMID: 38413333 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleh.2023.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study is to examine adolescent attitudes about the importance of sleep and how they relate to adolescent sleep behaviors and parent sleep attitudes. METHODS Participants included families with adolescents aged 10-17years and a parent (N = 170 dyads) who completed a virtual assessment. Adolescents reported on their sleep impairment and sleep hygiene behaviors, and all participants completed a newly developed scale to assess attitudes toward the importance of prioritizing sleep over other activities/responsibilities. RESULTS Results suggest that older adolescents reported more negative sleep attitudes, and adolescents reported more negative sleep attitudes compared to adult/parent participants. More negative sleep attitudes were associated with poorer sleep hygiene behaviors. Parent sleep attitudes significantly predicted their adolescent's sleep attitudes, even after adjusting for family income, education, and adolescent age and sex. CONCLUSIONS This is the first study to our knowledge to quantitatively examine adolescent sleep attitudes. Findings suggest that sleep attitudes are important for adolescent sleep, and may develop within the family system via parental socialization. Future research and implications for intervention are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Alvarado
- Department of Psychology, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana, United States
| | - Ashleigh Hilton
- Department of Psychology, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana, United States
| | | | - Cara A Palmer
- Department of Psychology, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana, United States.
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Madsen J, Jobson L, Slewa-Younan S, Li H, King K. Mental health literacy among Arab men living in high-income Western countries: A systematic review and narrative synthesis. Soc Sci Med 2024; 346:116718. [PMID: 38489937 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2024.116718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
While interest in mental health literacy (MHL) is growing rapidly, cross-cultural research focusing on MHL is developing more slowly. This inaugural systematic review explored the recognition and beliefs about the causes of mental health disorders amongst Arab men living in high income Western countries (HIWC), their help-seeking beliefs, behaviors, and sources of help, as well as barriers and facilitators to help-seeking. Six electronic database searches were conducted using Medline, Embase, ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Global, PsycINFO, Scopus, and Web of Science. These searches yielded a total of 9,460 citations. After applying inclusion criteria through both database and manual hand searches, 46 studies were identified. The findings corresponded with four of the socioecological model's five factors: intrapersonal, interpersonal, societal, and institutional. Intrapersonal factors included attributing mental health illness to life and migration stressors, and religious reasons. Interpersonal and societal factors included men favoring informal help-seeking sources as stigma was a barrier to formal help-seeking. Institutional factors around the perceived cultural competence of healthcare professionals and access difficulties were obstacles to seeking formal help. The growth in Arab migration to HIWC highlights the need for culturally tailored care. Research is needed to understand the perspectives of healthcare providers working with Arab men in addition to how men's stigmatizing attitudes are an obstacle to formal help-seeking. Interventions should be designed to address the unique mental health needs of Arab men, recognizing that some explanatory beliefs may not align with current Western models of mental health. Moreover, efforts should be made to integrate men's informal sources of support into treatment planning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Madsen
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health and School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Building 17, 18 Innovation Walk, Wellington Road, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia.
| | - Laura Jobson
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health and School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Building 17, 18 Innovation Walk, Wellington Road, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia.
| | - Shameran Slewa-Younan
- Macarthur Clinical School, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW, 275, Australia.
| | - Haoxiang Li
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health and School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Building 17, 18 Innovation Walk, Wellington Road, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia.
| | - Kylie King
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health and School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Building 17, 18 Innovation Walk, Wellington Road, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia.
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Amin NAM. Perception, sentiments, and the level of awareness toward the dental implant among general population in Sulaimaniyah City, Iraq. BMC Oral Health 2024; 24:255. [PMID: 38378507 PMCID: PMC10877875 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-024-03964-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Edentulism is one of the most commonly encountered conditions affecting the oral cavity. Dental implants have emerged as a widely accepted treatment option prosthodontically. However, lack of public awareness and the cost of the treatment act as barriers to limit their applicability. OBJECTIVES To investigate the perception, sentiments, and level of awareness toward dental implants among the general population in Sulaimaniyah City, Iraq. MATERIALS AND METHODS A questionnaire-based survey was conducted on 1132 participants in Sulaimaniyah City, Iraq, from February 15, 2023, till August 15, 2023, to collect their sociodemographic data, knowledge and attitudes toward dental implants for their missing tooth/teeth. RESULTS The mean age of participants was 41.3 ± 14.6 years, and most (30.7%) belong to the age group 31-44 years. Also, most of them were males (63.6%), married (75.3%), educated (91.3%), from rural areas (82.3%), and had > 1 missing tooth (75%). Regarding the participants' knowledge of dental implants, most had information (78.4%)/heard about it (83.3%), mainly from dentists (43.6%); however, least of them (21.5%) /their family members (43%) had replaced missing teeth by dental implants. Additionally, the participant's attitudes toward the dental implant indicated that most of them were interested in replacing their missing teeth (88.8%) but did not do it due to financial reasons (87%) and considered replacement as a significant (92.5%) and safe process (79.2%). Also, most of them thought there was no substantial difference between artificial and natural tooth appearance/function (47.9%), preferred the delayed implant for dental implant (47.7%), and would like to do an implant due to problems in dental appearance, speech, or dental function (81.5%). Finally, significant/highly significant differences were seen between each participant's factor (age, gender, marital status, education level, and residency) with most items of attitude/awareness toward dental implants. CONCLUSIONS Most participants were aware of the knowledge and attitude of dental implants for replacing missing tooth/teeth, especially males, married ones, educated individuals, and those from urban areas; however, financial problems are the main obstacle. Additionally, the delayed implant is preferable for replacing missing tooth/teeth using dental implants among studied individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nzar Abdulqadr Muhammed Amin
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Dentistry, University of Sulaimani, Sulaimaniyah, 0046, Iraq.
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Nykiforuk CIJ, Thomson M, Curtin KD, Colman I, Wild TC, Hyshka E. Assessing support for mental health policies among policy influencers and the general public in Alberta and Manitoba, Canada. Int J Ment Health Syst 2024; 18:8. [PMID: 38360677 PMCID: PMC10868068 DOI: 10.1186/s13033-024-00624-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a need to improve mental health policy in Canada to address the growing population burden of mental illness. Understanding support for policy options is critical for advocacy efforts to improve mental health policy. Our purpose was to describe support for population-level healthy public policies to improve mental health among policy influencers and the general public in Alberta and Manitoba; and, identify associations between levels of support and sociodemographic variables and relative to the Nuffield Bioethics Intervention Ladder framework. METHODS We used data from the 2019 Chronic Disease Prevention Survey, which recruited a representative sample of the general public in Alberta (n = 1792) and Manitoba (n = 1909) and policy influencers in each province (Alberta n = 291, Manitoba n = 129). Level of support was described for 16 policy options using a Likert-style scale for mental health policy options by province, sample type, and sociodemographic variables using ordinal regression modelling. Policy options were coded using the Nuffield Council on Bioethics Intervention Ladder to classify support for policy options by level of intrusiveness. RESULTS Policy options were categorized as 'Provide Information' and 'Enable Choice' according to the Nuffield Intervention Ladder. There was high support for all policy options, and few differences between samples or provinces. Strong support was more common among women and among those who were more politically left (versus center). Immigrants were more likely to strongly support most of the policies. Those who were politically right leaning (versus center) were less likely to support any of the mental health policies. Mental health status, education, and Indigenous identity were also associated with support for some policy options. CONCLUSIONS There is strong support for mental health policy in Western Canada. Results demonstrate a gap between support and implementation of mental health policy and provide evidence for advocates and policy makers looking to improve the policy landscape in Canada.
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Affiliation(s)
- Candace I J Nykiforuk
- School of Public Health, University of Alberta, 3-300 ECHA, 11405-87 Ave, Edmonton, AB, T6G 1C9, Canada.
| | - Mathew Thomson
- Clinical Research Coordinator, Clinical Epidemiology Department, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, 501 Smyth Box 511, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8L6, Canada
| | - Kimberley D Curtin
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, 8303-112 St NW - Room 7-80, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2T4, Canada
| | - Ian Colman
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, 600 Peter Morand Cr - Room 308C, Ottawa, ON, K1G 5Z3, Canada
| | - T Cameron Wild
- School of Public Health, University of Alberta, 3-300 ECHA, 11405-87 Ave, Edmonton, AB, T6G 1C9, Canada
| | - Elaine Hyshka
- Canada Research Chair in Health System Innovation, School of Public Health, University of Alberta, 3-300 ECHA, 11405-87 Ave, Edmonton, AB, T6G 1C9, Canada
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Denneler T, Mahling M, Hermann S, Stengel A, Zipfel S, Herrmann-Werner A, Festl-Wietek T. Medical students' attitudes and perceived competence regarding medical cannabis and its suggestibility. BMC Med Educ 2024; 24:149. [PMID: 38360743 PMCID: PMC10867999 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-024-05089-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The global trend of legalizing medical cannabis (MC) is on the rise. In Germany, physicians have prescribed MC at the expense of health insurers since 2017. However, the teaching on MC has been scant in medical training. This study investigates medical students' attitudes and perceived competence regarding MC and evaluates how varying materials (videos/articles) impact their opinions. METHODS Fourth-year medical students were invited to participate in the cross-sectional study. During an online session, students viewed a video featuring a patient with somatoform pain discussing her medical history, plus one of four randomly assigned MC-related materials (each an article and a video depicting a positive or negative perspective on MC). Students' opinions were measured at the beginning [T0] and the end of the course [T1] using a standardized questionnaire with a five-point Likert scale. We assessed the influence of the material on the students' opinions using paired-sample t-tests. One-way analysis of variance and Tukey post-hoc tests were conducted to compare the four groups. Pearson correlations assessed correlations. RESULTS 150 students participated in the course, the response rate being 75.3% [T0] and 72.7% [T1]. At T0, students felt a little competent regarding MC therapy (M = 1.80 ± 0.82). At T1, students in groups 1 (positive video) and 3 (positive article) rated themselves as more capable in managing MC therapy [Formula: see text], and students in groups 3 (positive article) and 4 (negative article) felt more skilled in treating patients with chronic pain [Formula: see text]. Compared to the other groups, group 2 students (negative video) felt significantly less competent. They perceived cannabis as addictive, hazardous and unsuitable for medical prescription. DISCUSSION This study showed that medical students lack knowledge and perceived competence in MC therapy. Material influences their opinions in different ways, and they seek more training on MC. This underlines that integrating MC education into medical curricula is crucial to address this knowledge gap.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatjana Denneler
- Deanery of Students' Affairs, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Moritz Mahling
- TIME- Tuebingen Institute for Medical Education, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
- Department of Diabetology, Endocrinology, Nephrology, Section of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Sabine Hermann
- University Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Andreas Stengel
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapie, University Hospital of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
- German Center for Mental Health (DZPG), site Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
- Center for Internal Medicine and Dermatology, Deparment of Psychosomatic Medicine, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stephan Zipfel
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapie, University Hospital of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Anne Herrmann-Werner
- TIME- Tuebingen Institute for Medical Education, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapie, University Hospital of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Teresa Festl-Wietek
- TIME- Tuebingen Institute for Medical Education, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany.
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Suárez-Pellicioni M, Demir-Lira ÖE, Booth JR. Positive math attitudes are associated with greater frontal activation among children from higher socio-economic status families. Neuropsychologia 2024; 194:108788. [PMID: 38184191 PMCID: PMC10872219 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2024.108788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/08/2024]
Abstract
Math learning is explained by the interaction between cognitive, affective, and social factors. However, studies rarely investigate how these factors interact with one another to explain math performance. This study aims to fill this gap in the literature by using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to understand the neurocognitive mechanisms underlying the interaction between parental socioeconomic status (SES) and children's math attitudes. To this aim, 57 children solved multiplication problems inside the scanner. We measured parental SES by creating two groups based on parents' occupations and measured children's math attitudes using a questionnaire. We ran a cluster-wise regression analysis examining the interaction between these two variables while controlling for the main effects of SES, math attitudes, and full IQ. The analysis revealed a cluster in the left inferior frontal gyrus (IFG), which was due to children with positive math attitudes from high socio-economic status families showing greater IFG activation when solving large multiplication problems as compared to their negative attitudes high SES peers, suggesting that they exhibited more retrieval effort to solve large multiplication problems. We discuss how this may be because they were the only ones who fully engaged in math opportunities provided by their environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Macarena Suárez-Pellicioni
- Department of Educational Studies in Psychology, Research Methodology, and Counseling, University of Alabama, Alabama, USA.
| | - Ö Ece Demir-Lira
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, DeLTA Center, Iowa Neuroscience Institute, The University of Iowa, Iowa, USA
| | - James R Booth
- Department of Psychology and Human Development, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
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De Baetselier E, Dijkstra NE, Batalha LM, Carvalho Ferreira PA, Filov I, Grøndahl VA, Heczkova J, Helgesen AK, Jordan S, Karnjuš I, Kolovos P, Langer G, Lillo-Crespo M, Malara A, Padyšaková H, Prosen M, Pusztai D, Raposa B, Riquelme-Galindo J, Rottková J, Sino CGM, Talarico F, Tingle N, Tziaferi S, Van Rompaey B, Dilles T. Cross-sectional evaluation of pharmaceutical care competences in nurse education: how well do curricula prepare students of different educational levels? BMC Nurs 2024; 23:96. [PMID: 38321491 PMCID: PMC10845807 DOI: 10.1186/s12912-023-01646-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nurses play an important role in interprofessional pharmaceutical care. Curricula related to pharmaceutical care, however, vary a lot. Mapping the presence of pharmaceutical care related domains and competences in nurse educational programs can lead to a better understanding of the extent to which curricula fit expectations of the labour market. The aim of this study was to describe 1) the presence of pharmaceutical care oriented content in nursing curricula at different educational levels and 2) nursing students' perceived readiness to provide nurse pharmaceutical care in practice. METHODS A quantitative cross-sectional survey design was used. Nursing schools in 14 European countries offering educational programs for levels 4-7 students were approached between January and April 2021. Through an online survey final year students had to indicate to what extent pharmaceutical care topics were present in their curriculum. RESULTS A total of 1807 students participated, of whom 8% had level 4-5, 80% level 6, 12% level 7. Up to 84% of the students indicated that pharmaceutical care content was insufficiently addressed in their curriculum. On average 14% [range 0-30] felt sufficiently prepared to achieve the required pharmaceutical care competences in practice. In level 5 curricula more pharmaceutical care domains were absent compared with other levels. CONCLUSIONS Although several pharmaceutical care related courses are present in current curricula of level 4-7 nurses, its embedding should be extended. Too many students perceive an insufficient preparation to achieve pharmaceutical care competences required in practice. Existing gaps in pharmaceutical care should be addressed to offer more thoroughly prepared nurses to the labour market.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elyne De Baetselier
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.
| | - Nienke E Dijkstra
- University of Applied Sciences Utrecht, Research Group Care for the Chronically Ill, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Luis M Batalha
- Higher School of Nursing of Coimbra, Health Sciences Research Unit: Nursing, Coimbra, Portugal
| | | | - Izabela Filov
- University "St.Kliment Ohridski", Bitola, Republic of North Macedonia
| | - Vigdis A Grøndahl
- Østfold University College, Faculty of Health and Welfare, Halden, Norway
| | - Jana Heczkova
- Institute of Nursing Theory and Practice, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ann K Helgesen
- Østfold University College, Faculty of Health and Welfare, Halden, Norway
| | - Sue Jordan
- Department of Nursing, Swansea University, Swansea, Wales, UK
| | - Igor Karnjuš
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Primorska, Izola, Slovenia
| | - Petros Kolovos
- Department of Nursing, Laboratory of Integrated Health Care, University of Peloponnese, Tripolis, Greece
| | - Gero Langer
- Medical Faculty, Institute of Health and Nursing Sciences, Martin-Luther-Universitat Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | | | | | - Hana Padyšaková
- Faculty of Nursing and Professional Health Studies, Slovak Medical University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Mirko Prosen
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Primorska, Izola, Slovenia
| | - Dorina Pusztai
- Institute of Nursing Sciences, Basic Health Sciences and Health Visiting, University of Pecs Faculty of Health Sciences, Pecs, Hungary
| | - Bence Raposa
- Institute of Nursing Sciences, Basic Health Sciences and Health Visiting, University of Pecs Faculty of Health Sciences, Pecs, Hungary
| | | | - Jana Rottková
- Faculty of Nursing and Professional Health Studies, Slovak Medical University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Carolien G M Sino
- University of Applied Sciences Utrecht, Research Group Care for the Chronically Ill, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | | | - Nicola Tingle
- Department of Nursing, Swansea University, Swansea, Wales, UK
| | - Styliani Tziaferi
- Department of Nursing, Laboratory of Integrated Health Care, University of Peloponnese, Tripolis, Greece
| | - Bart Van Rompaey
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Tinne Dilles
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
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Kamau M, Nyanja N, Lusambili AM, Shabani J, Mohamoud G. Knowledge, attitudes and beliefs toward polypharmacy among older people attending Family Medicine Clinic, Nairobi, Kenya. BMC Geriatr 2024; 24:132. [PMID: 38317102 PMCID: PMC10845745 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-024-04697-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Life expectancy has increased over the last century among older people, particularly those aged over 60 years. Aging is associated with increased disability, multiple chronic conditions, and increased use of health services managed with polypharmacy. There are few studies on polypharmacy and aging in sub-Saharan Africa, and it is unclear what older people know and their attitudes toward polypharmacy. This paper presents findings from a study that aimed to understand older people's knowledge, attitudes and beliefs about polypharmacy. METHODS A qualitative study using in-depth interviews of 15 patients aged 60 years and older who were taking more than five medications per day. The study was conducted at the Family Medicine Clinic (FMC), Aga Khan University Hospital, Nairobi. Data were analyzed using NVivo 12 software. RESULT Majority of participants had a good understanding of their underlying health conditions, but they did not know the specific names of the medications they were taking. Participants had diverse attitudes toward polypharmacy, with both positive and negative perceptions. Although adverse side effects were reported, participants remained positive because they believed these medicines were beneficial. Religion, faith and living healthy lifestyles were perceived to contribute to their positive attitude toward polypharmacy. Stigma and the cost of medication were reported as barriers. CONCLUSION This study provides valuable insights into the complexities of polypharmacy in older people. It highlights the importance of patient education, fostering strong patient-provider relationships, de-stigmatization, and improving medication affordability and accessibility. Further research could explore the polypharmacy of older people attending public institutions in rural Kenya.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maureen Kamau
- Department of Family Medicine, Aga Khan University Hospital, Nairobi, Kenya.
| | - Njeri Nyanja
- Department of Family Medicine, Aga Khan University Hospital, Nairobi, Kenya
| | | | - Jacob Shabani
- Department of Family Medicine, Aga Khan University Hospital, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Gulnaz Mohamoud
- Department of Family Medicine, Aga Khan University Hospital, Nairobi, Kenya
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Staland-Nyman C, Nurul Basar KM, Hultqvist J, Bertilsson M. The significance of managers' knowledge of common mental disorders on managerial stigma towards employee depression: a cross-sectional study in Sweden. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:378. [PMID: 38317109 PMCID: PMC10840239 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-17577-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Common mental disorders (CMD) such as depression, anxiety and stress-related disorders have increased in the working-age population in many countries but are still often associated with social stigma in workplaces. Managers have a key role in supporting employees with impaired health. Identifying factors that can improve stigmatizing attitudes among managers towards CMD is crucial. The aim of this study was to investigate managers' knowledge of CMD on managerial stigma; more specifically knowledge aquired through training and education and through occupational and personal experience of CMD on low managerial stigma towards employee depression. METHODS Data from a web-based survey conducted in 2017 among 3038 managers in Sweden were used. Managers' attitudes towards employee depression were measured using the Swedish version of the Managerial Stigma towards Employee Depression questionnaire. Binary logistic regression analysis, with adjustments for work setting and managerial experience, was conducted for associations between sources of knowledge of CMD and low managerial stigma. RESULTS With regard to knowledge acquired through training, medical training on CMD was significantly associated with a higher probability for low managerial stigma towards employee depression after adjustments (odds ratio [OR], 1.95; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.26-3.01), whereas no significant associations were found between knowledge acquired through managerial training on CMD or level of formal education and low managerial stigma. With regard to knowledge acquired through professional and personal experience, occupational experience of treating people with CMD was significantly associated with a higher probability for low managerial stigma (OR, 2.03; 95% CI, 1.40-2.94) as was occupational experience of employees with CMD (1 employee: OR, 1.31; 95% CI, 1.04-1.66); >1 employee, OR 1.35 (CI 1.05-1.73). Personal experience of CMD was significantly associated with low managerial stigma (OR, 1.98; 95% CI, 1.60-2.46). CONCLUSIONS Managers' knowledge and understanding of CMD may increase the probability of a low level of managerial stigma towards employees with depression. Managers' professional and/or personal experiences of CMD were important sources of knowledge in relation to a low level of stigmatizing attitudes. Organizations should encourage the use of managers' experience-based knowledge of CMD in addition to training on CMD to reduce managerial stigma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carin Staland-Nyman
- School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Box 100, S-405 30, Sweden.
- School of Health and Welfare, Halmstad University, Box 823, S-301 18, Halmstad, Sweden.
| | - Kazi Mohammad Nurul Basar
- School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Box 100, S-405 30, Sweden
| | - Jenny Hultqvist
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Box 100, S-405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Monica Bertilsson
- School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Box 100, S-405 30, Sweden
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McLoughlin A. Why do people use drugs? A neglected question. Ir J Med Sci 2024; 193:329-333. [PMID: 37314679 DOI: 10.1007/s11845-023-03416-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this article is to revisit the multivariate causes of drug use. From the initial drive to experiment, to a progression towards dependence, this review endeavours to extrapolate the aetiology of causation. In doing so, prevalence of, and attitudes towards drug use are firstly examined. Influences on why people use illicit drugs are subsequently explored through the lens of established risk factors. Drug use and dependence are embedded within a complex interplay of invidual, genetic, cultural, and socio-economic components. By exploring the aetiology of drug use in a holistic sense, this will not only aid the therapeutic quality of intervention from clinicians, but enable the development of more comprehensive and tailored intervention plans in supporting recovery.
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Omaleki V, Gonzalez AF, Hassani A, Flores M, Streuli S, Guerra AW, Fielding-Miller R. "They Protect us as if they were our Mom" Masking Attitudes from Freelist Survey Data and Qualitative Interviews in San Diego School Communities. J Community Health 2024; 49:17-25. [PMID: 37314631 PMCID: PMC10264876 DOI: 10.1007/s10900-023-01245-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite being disproportionately impacted by COVID-19 due to a lack of structural support, marginalized communities have been largely ignored in the politically polarized debate over school masking. In response to this, we sought to explore masking attitudes by centering the voices of parents and children at historically marginalized, predominantly Hispanic schools in southern California. METHODS We conducted a mixed-methods study with parents and children attending 26 low-income predominantly Hispanic-serving elementary schools. A random sample of parents was asked to provide a freelist of words they associate with masking. A subset of parents with children aged 4-6 was recruited from these surveys to participate in parent-child interviews (PCI). We calculated Smith's salience index for all unique items, stratifying by language (English/Spanish). Item salience guided PCI thematic analysis for additional context and meaning. RESULTS 648 participants provided 1118 unique freelist items in English and Spanish. 19 parent-child pairs were interviewed, 11 in Spanish and 8 in English. The most salient words were "safety"(0.37), "protection"(0.12), "prevention"(0.05), "health"(0.04), "good"(0.03), "can't breathe"(0.03), "necessary"(0.02), "care"(0.02), "precaution"(0.02), and "unnecessary"(0.02). Spanish speakers had a more favorable view of masking than English speakers, particularly regarding "protection" (0.20 vs 0.08) and "prevention" (0.10 vs 0.02). DISCUSSION Masking is an affordable individual-level risk mitigation that protects the communities that have inequitably shouldered the burdens of the COVID-19 pandemic. We recommend that policymakers prioritize the views of those most impacted when deciding on risk mitigation policies like school masking.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Omaleki
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States of America.
| | - A Flores Gonzalez
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States of America
| | - A Hassani
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States of America
| | - M Flores
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States of America
| | - S Streuli
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States of America
| | - A Wishard Guerra
- Department of Education Studies, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States of America
| | - R Fielding-Miller
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States of America
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Kalınkara V, Başıbüyük GÖ, Ay F. The factors affecting acceptance of gerontechnological products by older Turkish adults. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2024; 117:105198. [PMID: 37722350 DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2023.105198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
This study investigates the attitudes of Turkish older people towards the acceptance of gerontechnological products. It included a total of 871 older individuals aged 65 and above from seven geographical regions of Türkiye. A questionnaire adopted from previous studies was applied to collect the data. The use of products of the older people was studied under the headings of (i) home and daily life technology, (ii) communication technology, (iii) health technology and (iv) education and recreation technology. As a result of the factor analysis, 16 questions were classified under: "attitudes towards using technology (AUT), facilitating conditions (FC), perceived ease of use (PEU) and gerontechnology anxiety (GA)". The effect of independent variables on the use of gerontechnological products was investigated by one-way variance analysis, and the relationship between the use of neurotechnological products and the attitudes of the older people towards accepting gerontechnological products was investigated by correlation analysis. Region, place of residence, age, gender, education level, economic and health status were found to be important in use gerontechnological products (p < 0.05). There was a high correlation between product groups as well as between product groups and attitudes. Results can be utilized in the production and dissemination of gerontechnological products to increase the level of life quality of the older people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Velittin Kalınkara
- Department of Design, Technical Vocational School of Denizli, Pamukkale University, Denizli, Türkiye
| | | | - Faruk Ay
- Department of Anthropology, Faculty of Literature, Sivas Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, Türkiye
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Vance R, Clarke S, O'Keefe F, Galligan T, Doherty A, Flynn C, Kelleher E, Laffan A, Doherty C, Gillan D. Attitudes and perceptions of Irish health care professionals regarding functional neurological disorder: A national survey. Brain Behav 2024; 14:e3362. [PMID: 38356098 PMCID: PMC10849883 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.3362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Functional neurological disorder (FND) is a common and often disabling condition. Limited access to services for FND poses challenges both for patients and their health care providers. This survey explored the attitudes, experiences, support needs and training needs of health care professionals (HCPs) who provide care to individuals with FND in Ireland. METHODS A broad range of HCPs working with patients with FND in Ireland partook in an anonymous online 12-item survey. Participants were recruited via professional bodies and snowball convenience sampling utilising social media and email invitation. Descriptive and inferential statistics were employed to analyze data. RESULTS A total of 314 HCPs working in Ireland completed the survey. 80% were female and over half worked in their current role for more than 10 years. 75% of the sample encountered three or less individuals with FND per month. Identified service-related challenges to effective patient care included insufficient clinic time, lack of confidence explaining the diagnosis, and the need for greater access to specialist support. Data revealed persisting negative attitudes toward FND patients among a proportion of respondents. The majority of respondents did not feel they received adequate education on FND, with the exception of neurologists, of whom 65% felt adequately trained. The majority of respondents (85%) also felt that people with FND did not have access to appropriate FND services in Ireland. CONCLUSION This study indicates that there is a significant need to improve FND education among HCPs in Ireland, in addition to developing appropriately resourced, integrated, multidisciplinary care pathways for the FND patient group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roisin Vance
- Physiotherapy DepartmentPsychology DepartmentBeaumont HospitalDublinIreland
- School of PhysiotherapySchool of MedicineRoyal College of SurgeonsDublinIreland
| | - Sarah Clarke
- Physiotherapy DepartmentPsychology DepartmentBeaumont HospitalDublinIreland
| | - Fiadhnait O'Keefe
- Psychology DepartmentSt. Vincent University HospitalDublinIreland
- School of PsychologyUniversity College DublinDublinIreland
- School of MedicineSchool of PsychologyTrinity College DublinDublinIreland
| | - Toni Galligan
- Physiotherapy DepartmentPsychology DepartmentBeaumont HospitalDublinIreland
| | - Anne Doherty
- Psychiatry DepartmentMater HospitalDublinIreland
| | - Cora Flynn
- Nursing and Midwifery DepartmentHealth Service of IrelandDublinIreland
| | - Eric Kelleher
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural science, School of MedicineUniversity College CorkCorkIreland
| | - Aoife Laffan
- Neurology DepartmentSt. James HospitalDublinIreland
| | - Colin Doherty
- School of MedicineSchool of PsychologyTrinity College DublinDublinIreland
- Neurology DepartmentSt. James HospitalDublinIreland
| | - Diane Gillan
- Physiotherapy DepartmentPsychology DepartmentBeaumont HospitalDublinIreland
- School of PhysiotherapySchool of MedicineRoyal College of SurgeonsDublinIreland
- School of MedicineSchool of PsychologyTrinity College DublinDublinIreland
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Siermann M, Valcke O, Vermeesch JR, Raivio T, Tšuiko O, Borry P. "Are we not going too far?": Socio-ethical considerations of preimplantation genetic testing using polygenic risk scores according to healthcare professionals. Soc Sci Med 2024; 343:116599. [PMID: 38244362 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2024.116599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
The recent introduction of polygenic risk scores within preimplantation genetic testing (PGT-P) has been met with many concerns. To get more insights into the perspectives of relevant stakeholders on the socio-ethical aspects of PGT-P, an interview study with 31 healthcare professionals involved in reproductive medicine and genetics in Europe and North-America was performed. Healthcare professionals in our study were concerned that PGT-P was going too far in terms of selection, with regards to both medical conditions and non-medical traits. Healthcare professionals were worried about the ethical 'slippery slope' of PGT-P, the increasing medicalization of reproductive health, the commercial context of PGT-P, and potential stigmatization and discrimination. There were also concerns that the availability and the 'technological imperative' of PGT-P could lead to pressure and a sense of responsibility for parents to use PGT-P. Additionally, it could cause new anxieties about the child's health before the child has even been born. Since PGT-P provides polygenic risk scores before birth, the autonomy of the child has to be considered. These socio-ethical concerns heighten existing debates regarding reproductive genetic technologies and show that the specifics of PGT-P make this screening option especially ethically controversial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Siermann
- Centre for Biomedical Ethics and Law, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, KU Leuven, Kapucijnenvoer 7 - Box 7001, 3000, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 8 (P.O. Box 63), 00014, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Ophelia Valcke
- Centre for Biomedical Ethics and Law, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, KU Leuven, Kapucijnenvoer 7 - Box 7001, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Joris Robert Vermeesch
- Laboratory for Cytogenetics and Genome Research, Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, ON1 Herestraat 49 - Bus 606, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Taneli Raivio
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 8 (P.O. Box 63), 00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Olga Tšuiko
- Laboratory for Cytogenetics and Genome Research, Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, ON1 Herestraat 49 - Bus 606, 3000, Leuven, Belgium; Reproductive Genetics Unit, Center for Human Genetics, UZ Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Pascal Borry
- Centre for Biomedical Ethics and Law, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, KU Leuven, Kapucijnenvoer 7 - Box 7001, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
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Alfhaid F, Alzahrani MK, Aljulifi MZ, Alrohaimi Y, Alawlah MN, AlMutairi FLM, Alkahtani SMH, Almousa MA, Alrashidi SN. Prevalence and Perception of HPV Vaccination Among Health Science Students in Saudi Arabia. J Pharm Bioallied Sci 2024; 16:S695-S698. [PMID: 38595505 PMCID: PMC11000862 DOI: 10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_946_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Revised: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective This study was carried out to assess the prevalence and perception of human papilloma virus (HPV) vaccination in health science students in Majmaah University, Saudi Arabia. Methodology A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted at different health science colleges of Majmaah University on female students. The knowledge of the participants regarding HPV was assessed using a pre-tested questionnaire. The history of vaccination of these female participants was also enquired. Results More than three-fifth of the participants had heard about HPV. Of these, 83 participants, 59 (71.1%), were aware that it is a disease of women and how to diagnose it. Most participants (86.7%) knew that it can cause cervical cancer, while only 57.8% knew it could be asymptomatic. There were 18% of such participants who thought that HPV and human immunodeficiency virus are the same and that there is no vaccine for the prevention of HPV. Only 14.5% (n = 12) were vaccinated against HPV. Conclusion A clear gap between knowledge and practice of HPV vaccination was observed, and health education should be planned to educate health professionals to avoid misconceptions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahad Alfhaid
- Department of Family Medicine, College of Medicine, Majmaah University, Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mansour Khater Alzahrani
- Department of Family Medicine, College of Medicine, Majmaah University, Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Zaid Aljulifi
- Department of Family Medicine, College of Medicine, Majmaah University, Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yousef Alrohaimi
- Department of Paediatric, College of Medicine, Majmaah University, Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maram Nasser Alawlah
- General Physician, Department of Family Medicine, Qassim Cluster, Buraidah, Ministry of Health, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Sara Mohammad H. Alkahtani
- General Physician, Department of Family Medicine, Ministry of Health, Al-Qassim Cluster, Al-Qassim, Saudi Arabia
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80
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Sullivan GA, Gely Y, Palmisano ZM, Donaldson A, Rangel M, Gulack BC, Johnson JK, Shah AN. Surgeon Understanding and Perceptions of Social Determinants of Health. J Surg Res 2024; 294:73-81. [PMID: 37864961 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2023.08.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/23/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Social determinants of health impact surgical outcomes. Characterization of surgeon understanding of social determinants of health is necessary prior to implementation of interventions to address patient needs. The study objective was to explore understanding, perceived importance, and practices regarding social determinants of health among surgeons. METHODS Surgical residents and attending surgeons at a single academic medical center completed surveys regarding social determinants of health. We conducted semi-structured interviews to further explore understanding and perceived importance. A conceptual framework from the World Health Organization (WHO) Commission on Social Determinants of Health informed the thematic analysis. RESULTS Survey response rate was 47.9% (n = 69, 44 residents [63.8%], 25 attendings [36.2%]). Respondents primarily reported good (n = 29, 42.0%) understanding of social determinants of health and perceived this understanding to be very important (n = 42, 60.9%). Documentation occurred seldom (n = 35, 50.7%), and referrals occurred seldom (n = 26, 37.7%) or never (n = 20, 29.0%). Residents reported a higher rate of prior training than attendings (95.5% versus 56.0%, P < 0.001). Ten interviews were conducted (six residents, four attendings). Residents demonstrated greater understanding of socioeconomic positions and hierarchies shaped by structural mechanisms than attendings. Both residents and attendings demonstrated understanding of intermediary determinants of health status and linked social determinants to impacting patients' health and well-being. Specific knowledge gaps were identified regarding underlying structural mechanisms including the social, economic, and political context that influence an individual's socioeconomic position. CONCLUSIONS Self-reported understanding and importance of social determinants of health among surgeons were high. Interviews revealed gaps in understanding that may contribute to limited practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gwyneth A Sullivan
- Department of Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Yumiko Gely
- Rush Medical College, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | | | - Andrew Donaldson
- Department of Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Melissa Rangel
- Department of Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Brian C Gulack
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Julie K Johnson
- Department of Surgery, Surgical Northwestern Quality Improvement, Research, and Education in Surgery (NQUIRES), Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Illinois
| | - Ami N Shah
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois.
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81
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Cunningham JE, Bluhm R, Achtyes ED, McCright AM, Cabrera LY. The differential effects of psychiatrists' and patients' prior experiences on views about psychiatric electroceutical interventions. J Psychiatr Res 2024; 170:11-18. [PMID: 38101204 PMCID: PMC10872233 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2023.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to examine ways in which prior experiences and familiarity with psychiatric electroceutical interventions (PEI) shape psychiatrists' and patients' views about these interventions. We administered a national survey, with an embedded experiment, to psychiatrists (n = 505) and adults diagnosed with depression (n = 1050). We randomly assigned respondents to one of 8 conditions using a full factorial experimental design: 4 PEI modalities [ECT, rTMS, DBS, or adaptive brain implants (ABIs)] by 2 depression severity levels [moderate or severe]. We analyzed the survey data with ANOVA and OLS linear regression models. Patients having experience with any PEI reported more positive affect toward, but also greater perceived risk from, their assigned PEI than did patients with no such experience. Psychiatrists who referred or administered any PEI reported more positive affect toward and greater perceived influence on self and perceived benefit from their assigned PEI than did psychiatrists with no such familiarity. Limitations of our study include that our participants were randomly assigned to a PEI, not necessarily to the one they had experience with. Moreover, our study did not directly ask about the kind of experiences participants had with a given PEI. Overall, our survey data shows that greater experience with PEIs elicits more positive affect in both stakeholder groups. Beyond this, prior PEI experience shapes attitudes towards these interventions in complex ways. Further research linking different types of experience with a given PEI would help better understand factors shaping attitudes about specific PEIs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Robyn Bluhm
- Lyman Briggs College and Department of Philosophy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Eric D Achtyes
- Department of Psychiatry, Western Michigan University Homer Stryker M.D. School of Medicine, Kalamazoo, MI, USA
| | - Aaron M McCright
- Department of Sociology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Laura Y Cabrera
- Center for Neural Engineering, Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, Rock Ethics Institute, and Huck Institute of Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA.
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Ozkan S, Uslusoy ECN. Outcomes of jigsaw technique in nurse education: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Nurse Educ Pract 2024; 75:103902. [PMID: 38301377 DOI: 10.1016/j.nepr.2024.103902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
AIM To determine the effect of Jigsaw technique in nursing education by meta-analysis method. BACKGROUND Innovative methods actively engage students in the learning process, contrasting with the traditional memorization-based methods. Jigsaw technique, as one of these approaches, allows students to collaborate in small groups with the aim of accomplishing a shared learning objective. DESIGN A meta-analysis of observational studies. DATA SOURCES Google Scholar, Science Direct, Pubmed, Web of Science, ProQuest, Medline, CINAHL and Cochrane Library electronic databases in English was systematically searched from inception from January 2011 to December 2022. METHOD This review used the preferred reporting items for meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. The Cochrane Risk-of-Bias (RoB) Tool was used to assess the methodological quality of the included studies. Statistical analysis was conducted with the Comprehensive Meta Analysis (CMA) software. RESULTS In the study, 11 studies from 6 different countries were examined. It has been determined that the Jigsaw learning technique in nursing students is a method that enables students to increase their academic success compared with traditional learning methods. In addition, it has been determined because of studies that Jigsaw learning technique is effective in students; interpersonal relations, critical thinking, communication and clinical skills, as well as increasing motivation, self-concept and attitudes such as self-confidence. Funnel plot, Classic Fail-Safe N, Begg-Mazumdar Rank tests showed no publication bias. CONCLUSION As a result of the meta-analysis, it was determined that the Jigsaw technique had a positive effect on the academic achievement, skills and attitudes of nursing students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seda Ozkan
- Suleyman Demirel University, Institute of Health Science, Turkey; Provincial Health Directorate, Isparta, Turkey
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Al-Jayyousi GF, Shraim M, Hassan DA, Al-Hamdani M, Kurdi R, Hamad NA, Abdul Rahim HF. University students' and staff attitudes toward the implementation of a "tobacco-free" policy: A view from Qatar. Prev Med Rep 2024; 38:102605. [PMID: 38292026 PMCID: PMC10826297 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2024.102605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Revised: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Objectives Tobacco-free campus policies are needed to create environments conducive to prevention or quitting in the Eastern Mediterranean Region (EMR), where the use of various tobacco products is on the rise among university students. The objectives of this study were to assess overall support for a 100% tobacco-free campus policy and its predictors among different stakeholder groups at the largest national university in Qatar and to understand attitudes towards specific policy components. Study design A cross-sectional online survey of faculty and students. Methods We measured sociodemographic variables, tobacco use, and support for components of a 100% tobacco-free campus policy. A total score for support was calculated, and associations with selected predictors were assessed using multivariable linear regression. Results 413 respondents participated in the survey. A majority of faculty/staff and students (76.6% and 75.5%, respectively) supported the implementation of a 100% tobacco-free campus policy, with a majority supporting extension of the policy beyond cigarettes. Support for other components of the policy varied. Among students, overall support was lower among males and tobacco users and higher among the married. Among faculty and staff, support was lower among Qatari nationals and tobacco users. Conclusion In the context of a growing tobacco crisis in the EMR, implementing and understanding the impact of tobacco-free campus policies is essential. This paper underscores the importance of addressing diverse stakeholder attitudes and providing empirical evidence to guide policy implementation and evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghadir Fakhri Al-Jayyousi
- Department of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar
| | - Mujahed Shraim
- Department of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar
| | - Diana Alsayed Hassan
- Department of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar
| | - Mohammed Al-Hamdani
- Department of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar
| | - Rana Kurdi
- Department of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar
| | - Noor Ahmed Hamad
- Department of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar
| | - Hanan F. Abdul Rahim
- Department of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar
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Menon V, Kar SK, Gupta S, Baminiwatta A, Mustafa AB, Sharma P, Abhijita B, Arafat SMY. Electroconvulsive therapy in South Asia: Past, present, and future. Asian J Psychiatr 2024; 92:103875. [PMID: 38157713 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2023.103875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
The practice of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) varies both between and within countries. We aimed to review historical and current trends in ECT practices, perceptions, and legislations in South Asia, a region with a high burden of mental illness and suicide. We searched MEDLINE (PubMed) and Google Scholar databases for relevant literature on ECT from each country. Additionally, a team of country-specific investigators performed supplemental searches and contacted key country contacts for relevant information. Relevant data were abstracted under the following headings: ECT practices, perceptions, and legislations. Knowledge gaps and research priorities were synthesized. Modified bitemporal ECT, delivered using brief pulse devices, was most commonly offered across institutions. Schizophrenia, not affective illness, was the most common indication. Electroencephalographic monitoring of seizures was rarely practiced. Thiopentone or propofol was preferred for anesthetic induction, while the favored muscle relaxant was succinylcholine. In India and Sri Lanka, perceptions about ECT were largely favorable; not so in Pakistan and Nepal. Only India and Pakistan had laws that governed any aspect of ECT practice; ECT practice guidelines were available only in India. There is a lack of research on efficacy, ECT in special populations, continuation ECT practices, and interventions to improve ECT-related perceptions. Most regional institutions offered modified brief-pulse ECT, and schizophrenia was the most common indication. Knowledge of and attitude towards ECT varied between countries. There is a need to develop a regional ECT consortium to facilitate uniform training, advocacy efforts, and the development of regional practice guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikas Menon
- Department of Psychiatry, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Puducherry 605006, India.
| | - Sujita Kumar Kar
- Department of Psychiatry, King George's Medical University, Lucknow 226003, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Snehil Gupta
- Department of Psychiatry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Saket Nagar, Bhopal 462020, India
| | - Anuradha Baminiwatta
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Kelaniya, Kelaniya 11600, Sri Lanka
| | - Ali Burhan Mustafa
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Sheikh Zayed Medical College/Hospital, Rahim Yar Khan, Punjab 64200, Pakistan
| | - Pawan Sharma
- Department of Psychiatry, Patan Academy of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Lalitpur 44700, Nepal
| | - Bandita Abhijita
- Department of Psychiatry, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Puducherry 605006, India
| | - S M Yasir Arafat
- Department of Psychiatry, Enam medical College and Hospital, Savar-1340, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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Fulton-Hamilton E, Morgan G. Examining Attitudes Towards Mental Health Diagnoses: A Q-Methodology Study. J Ment Health 2024; 33:57-65. [PMID: 37129104 DOI: 10.1080/09638237.2023.2182430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Debates exist regarding the validity and utility of functional psychiatric diagnoses. How mental health diagnoses are understood has real impacts for service users and service delivery. AIMS To investigate different attitudes about the utility of psychiatric diagnoses. METHODS Forty-one stakeholders sorted 57 statements related to the usefulness of psychiatric diagnoses. Using q-methodology, four viewpoints were identified and interpreted. RESULTS Viewpoint 1 (Pathologising human experience) regarded diagnoses as pseudo-scientific constructs that lacked validity and obscured the relationships between lived experience and distress. Viewpoint 2 (Illnesses like any other) held that labels reflected real disorders and diagnosis offered important benefits for service users and services. Viewpoint 3 (Stigmatised conditions) similarly regarded diagnoses as reflecting real disorders, but diagnostic criteria were viewed as biased and the impacts of applying labels seen as causing problems for service users. Conversely, Viewpoint 4 (Useful short-hands) viewed diagnostic processes as imperfect but necessary for supporting communication and structuring service delivery. CONCLUSIONS While not all viewpoints are in keeping with empirical evidence, we hope results will enable professionals and service users to take meta-positions in relation to their own and others' attitudes, and to reflect on the impacts of privileging certain viewpoints over others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Fulton-Hamilton
- School of Psychology, George Davies Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, England
| | - Gareth Morgan
- School of Psychology, George Davies Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, England
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Van Steijvoort E, Cassou M, De Schutter C, Dimitriadou E, Peeters H, Peeraer K, Matthijs G, Borry P. Exploring attitudes and experiences with reproductive genetic carrier screening among couples seeking medically assisted reproduction: a longitudinal survey study. J Assist Reprod Genet 2024; 41:451-464. [PMID: 38175314 PMCID: PMC10894802 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-023-03010-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to assess the attitudes and experiences of subfertile couples applying for medically assisted reproduction (MAR) using their own gametes towards reproductive genetic carrier screening (RGCS) for monogenic conditions. METHODS A prospective survey study was conducted where subfertile couples were recruited from the fertility centre of a university hospital in Flanders, Belgium. Participants were offered RGCS free of charge and completed self-administered questionnaires at three different time points. RESULTS The study sample consisted of 26 couples. Most participants had no children, did not consider themselves as religious, and had some form of higher education. Overall, attitudes towards RGCS were mostly positive and the intention to participate in RGCS was high. Anxiety scores were only elevated and clinically relevant for a limited number of participants. A large proportion of participants would consider preventive reproductive options like prenatal diagnosis or in vitro fertilization (IVF)/intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) combined with pre-implantation genetic testing for monogenic conditions (PGT-M) in the event of an increased likelihood of conceiving a child with a hereditary condition. Participants were satisfied with their decision to undergo RGCS, and the majority would recommend RGCS to other couples. CONCLUSION Our study findings suggest that subfertile couples applying for MAR using their own gametes find RGCS acceptable and have a positive attitude towards it. This study provides valuable insights into the perspectives of these couples, highlighting the need for appropriate counseling and timely information provision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Van Steijvoort
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Centre for Biomedical Ethics and Law, KU Leuven, Kapucijnenvoer 7 bus 7001 3000, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Mathilde Cassou
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Centre for Biomedical Ethics and Law, KU Leuven, Kapucijnenvoer 7 bus 7001 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Camille De Schutter
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Centre for Biomedical Ethics and Law, KU Leuven, Kapucijnenvoer 7 bus 7001 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Eftychia Dimitriadou
- Department of Human Genetics, Centre for Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Hilde Peeters
- Department of Human Genetics, Centre for Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Karen Peeraer
- Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Gert Matthijs
- Department of Human Genetics, Centre for Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Pascal Borry
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Centre for Biomedical Ethics and Law, KU Leuven, Kapucijnenvoer 7 bus 7001 3000, Leuven, Belgium
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Medlin CG, Terrazas WC, Howell H, Frietze G. Characterization of Doctor of Pharmacy and Prepharmacy Students' Knowledge, Stigma, and Risk Perceptions Toward Persons Living With HIV/AIDS at a Hispanic-Serving Institution. Am J Pharm Educ 2024; 88:100659. [PMID: 38246359 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpe.2024.100659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the knowledge, stigma, and risk perceptions toward people living with HIV/AIDS in Doctor of Pharmacy and prepharmacy students at a Hispanic-serving institution situated on the United States-Mexico border. METHODS A cross-sectional survey was administered to prepharmacy and Doctor of Pharmacy students to assess HIV background and knowledge, stigma, and risk perceptions using a self-completed electronic questionnaire. The χ2 and correlational analyses were conducted. RESULTS Performance on the knowledge assessment was significantly correlated with increases in professional year. Although frequencies of negative stigma were overall low, there were 3 key populations that demonstrated higher rates of negative stigma: people who inject drugs, those who partake in high-risk sexual behavior, and sex workers. Although professional year was associated with knowledge and one's willingness to share food with someone living with HIV/AIDS, professional year was not associated with 8 other risk perception variables. CONCLUSION The identification of stigma among already stigmatized populations supports the need for targeted educational interventions, especially at Hispanic-serving institutions with colleges and schools of pharmacy. Additional research should be conducted to explore the generalizability of these results and measure the impact of cultural beliefs and practices on stigma and risk perceptions across institutions with predominantly Hispanic/Latinx students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher G Medlin
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Clinical Sciences, University of Texas at El Paso School of Pharmacy, El Paso, TX, USA.
| | | | - Heather Howell
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Clinical Sciences, University of Texas at El Paso School of Pharmacy, El Paso, TX, USA
| | - Gabriel Frietze
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Clinical Sciences, University of Texas at El Paso School of Pharmacy, El Paso, TX, USA
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Bacsu JDR, Andrew MK, Azizi M, Berger C, Cammer A, Chasteen AL, Fraser SA, Grewal KS, Green S, Gowda-Sookochoff R, Mah JC, McGilton KS, Middleton L, Nanson K, Spiteri RJ, Tang Y, O’Connell ME. Using Twitter to Understand COVID-19 Vaccine-Related Ageism During the Pandemic. Gerontologist 2024; 64:gnad061. [PMID: 37267449 PMCID: PMC10825838 DOI: 10.1093/geront/gnad061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES During the rollout of coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines, older adults in high-income countries were often prioritized for inoculation in efforts to reduce COVID-19-related mortality. However, this prioritization may have contributed to intergenerational tensions and ageism, particularly with the limited supply of COVID-19 vaccines. This study examines Twitter discourse to understand vaccine-related ageism during the COVID-19 pandemic to inform future vaccination policies and practices to reduce ageism. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We collected 1,369 relevant tweets on Twitter using the Twint application in Python from December 8, 2020, to December 31, 2021. Tweets were analyzed using thematic analysis, and steps were taken to ensure rigor. RESULTS Our research identified four main themes including (a) blame and hostility: "It's all their fault"; (b) incompetence and misinformation: "clueless boomer"; (c) ageist political slander; and (d) combatting ageism: advocacy and accessibility. DISCUSSION AND IMPLICATIONS Our findings exposed issues of victim-blaming, hate speech, pejorative content, and ageist political slander that is deepening the divide of intergenerational conflict. Although a subset of tweets countered negative outcomes and demonstrated intergenerational solidarity, our findings suggest that ageism may have contributed to COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy among older adults. Consequently, urgent action is needed to counter vaccine misinformation, prohibit aggressive messaging, and promote intergenerational unity during the COVID-19 pandemic and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Melissa K Andrew
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Mehrnoosh Azizi
- Department of Computer Science, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Corinne Berger
- Department of Computer Science, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Allison Cammer
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Alison L Chasteen
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sarah Anne Fraser
- Interdisciplinary School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Karl S Grewal
- Department of Psychology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Shoshana Green
- Department of Psychology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Rory Gowda-Sookochoff
- Department of Psychology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Jasmine Cassy Mah
- Department of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Katherine S McGilton
- KITE Research Institute, Toronto Rehabilitation Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Laura Middleton
- Kinesiology and Health Studies, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kate Nanson
- School of Nursing, Thompson Rivers University, Kamloops, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Raymond J Spiteri
- Department of Computer Science, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Yikai Tang
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Megan E O’Connell
- Department of Psychology, Canadian Centre for Health and Safety in Agriculture, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
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Hagemeister C, Bertram L. Reported pushy driving against cyclists in Germany. J Safety Res 2024; 88:395-405. [PMID: 38485382 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsr.2023.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND When cyclists and drivers share the road drivers sometimes try to make the cyclist give way. This study assessed which characteristics and attitudes are related to pushy driving. METHODS The sample included 695 drivers aged 18 to 85 years who answered a German online questionnaire on pushy driving. They saw a sketch with a cyclist in front of them whom they could not overtake easily. They reported how often they engage in different pushy driving behaviors and how legitimate and effective these are. They provided information about their mobility habits, goals, and attitudes. RESULTS Correlations between reported frequency, perceived legitimacy, and perceived effectiveness of pushy driving were between r = 0.78 and r = 0.80. Many correlations with pushy driving were of medium size: drivers with the goal to drive safe and friendly reported less pushy driving, drivers with the goal to get the cyclist out of the way reported more. The correlations between reported frequency of pushy driving and attitude toward cyclists, self-justification, victim blaming, and feeling bothered by cyclists in built-up areas were of medium size. SUMMARY The highest correlations with pushy driving were those with perceived legitimacy and perceived effectiveness of pushy driving. The results show that pushy drivers cannot be identified by demographic characteristics or mobility habits. General attitudes and the perception of pushy behaviors in specific situations and drivers' goals in these situations are more important. DISCUSSION There will always be roads that cyclists and drivers share. In order to reduce pushy driving, its legitimacy could be addressed by campaigns and its effectiveness by a lower speed limit and enforcement.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Leander Bertram
- Technische Universität Dresden, "Friedrich List" Faculty of Transport and Traffic Sciences, Germany.
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Mthombeni TC, Burger JR, Lubbe MS, Julyan M. Public hospital pharmacists' knowledge, attitudes, and practices for antibiotic stewardship implementation in Limpopo Province, South Africa. J Pharm Health Care Sci 2024; 10:9. [PMID: 38303050 PMCID: PMC10832237 DOI: 10.1186/s40780-024-00331-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hospital pharmacists are important in antibiotic stewardship programs (ASP), a global strategy to combat antibiotic resistance (ABR). South African public hospitals have limited ASP implementation. This study describes Limpopo Provincial Hospital pharmacists' knowledge, attitudes, and practice toward ASP implementation. METHOD A questionnaire to explore pharmacists' knowledge, attitudes and practices regarding ASP implementation comprised 43 questions hosted online. A link was sent by invitation e-mail to eligible respondents in November 2021. Five questions on respondents' demographics, 15 questions on ASP knowledge, 10 Likert scale questions on attitude, and 13 on ASP practices were included. Mean (standard deviation (SD)) knowledge and attitude scores and a median (interquartile range (IQR)) practice score was calculated. Associations between categorical variables were assessed using chi-square/Fisher's exact analysis (p < 0.05), with Cramér's V as effect size. RESULTS The survey yielded 35 responses (13.1%). Twenty (57.1%) respondents were female. Seventeen (48.6%) respondents were between the ages of 31 and 40 years. The mean knowledge score of respondents was 9.8 (2.6) (N = 34), with knowledge gaps on One Health and socioeconomic determinates of ABR. Ten (29.6%) respondents thought One Health discouraged multi-sector collaboration, and nineteen (55.9%) respondents thought ASP was the only strategic response to ABR. Sixteen (47.1%) respondents did not know that poor access to clean water accelerates ABR and seventeen (50.0%) did not know that poverty could be a determinant for antibiotic use. The mean respondent attitude score was 8.0 (1.7) (N = 28). Twenty-seven (96.4%) respondents agreed that ASP was necessary and agreed to participate in ASP respectively. All 28 (100.0%) respondents agreed to lead an ASP. The median (IQR) respondents' practice score was - 2.0 (IQR: -6.0-5.8) (N = 16). Respondents were inconsistently (never, sometimes, every time) participating in multi-disciplinary forums (6/16, 37.5%) and expressed a desire for training (11/13, 84.6%) on ASP through in-service (7/27, 25.9%). Respondents thought ASP training should include medical officers (12/29, 41.4%) and nurses (9/29, 31.8%). Knowledge score was associated with gender (p = 0.048; V = 0.416) and attitude score (p = 0.013; V = 0.556). CONCLUSION Our study found pharmacists had good knowledge and a positive attitude toward ASP implementation but poor ASP practices. A multi-disciplinary in-service training could address identified knowledge and practice gaps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiyani Comfort Mthombeni
- Medicine Usage in South Africa (MUSA), Faculty of Health Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Johanita Riétte Burger
- Medicine Usage in South Africa (MUSA), Faculty of Health Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, Potchefstroom, South Africa.
| | - Martha Susanna Lubbe
- Medicine Usage in South Africa (MUSA), Faculty of Health Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Marlene Julyan
- Medicine Usage in South Africa (MUSA), Faculty of Health Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, Potchefstroom, South Africa
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91
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Almaghaslah D. Reproductive health services: attitudes and practices of Saudi community pharmacists. Ir J Med Sci 2024; 193:497-503. [PMID: 37436656 DOI: 10.1007/s11845-023-03455-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sexual and reproductive health (SRH) services are a crucial provision of public health. The consequences of having suboptimal SRH services include unplanned pregnancies, unsafe abortions, reproductive cancers, and sexually transmitted and bloodborne infections. This study was conducted to assess the role community pharmacists play in providing SRH, their practices, and their attitudes toward fulfilling the exciting demand. METHODS A cross-sectional, self-administered questionnaire was used. The study was conducted among community pharmacies across the Asir region. RESULTS A total of 196 community pharmacists were included in this study. The majority of pharmacy chains reported selling pregnancy tests (93.9%) compared to independent pharmacies (72.9%), p value (0.0001). Similarly, community pharmacists working in pharmacy chains educated patients on pregnancy tests (78.2%) more often than those working in independent pharmacies (62.6%), p value (0.03). Ovulation tests were sold more frequently in pharmacy chains (74.3%) than in independent pharmacies (52.08%), p value (0.004). Providing education on these products followed the same pattern with (72.9%, 47.9%), respectively, p value (0.003). CONCLUSION The majority of pharmacists reported selling pregnancy tests and ovulation and educated patients regarding both these test kits. However, these services were more widely available in pharmacy chains than in independent pharmacies. Pharmacists exhibited a positive attitude toward SRH, exhibiting social accountability and an ethical responsibility to fulfill their role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalia Almaghaslah
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, PO Box 1882, Abha, 61441, Saudi Arabia.
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Hill S, Jimenez YA, Abu Awwad D, Lewis SJ. Infection prevention and control in computed tomography: creating a national survey. Infect Dis Health 2024; 29:15-24. [PMID: 37813714 DOI: 10.1016/j.idh.2023.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Infection prevention and control (IPC) is essential for quality healthcare, with healthcare associated infections (HAI) a known risk to patients requiring medical imaging (MI). To date, few papers have adopted a national approach to understanding or benchmarking the knowledge of, attitudes toward, and practice (KAP) of IPC in the context of MI and no validated surveys or scales are identified in the literature. The Computed Tomography (CT) suite is a unique MI environment where radiographers deliver prescription medicines to patients via intravenous (IV) means through an injector system. This paper describes the development of a survey that informs the use of IPC processes in the CT suite. METHODS Standard Precautions via current national guidelines formed the benchmark of the survey, with a KAP survey used as the framework to explore IPC. The questions and associated responses are developed based on the National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) guidelines, industry/professional protocols and adapted to the equipment and practices commonly used in the CT suite of MI departments by radiographers and nurses. RESULTS Key survey development steps are described to include the justification of the benchmarking source, the survey framework and design. Detailed information is given to show the evolution of truth statements and sources, KAP question variations, and rationales for the methodology of question responses. National guidelines are mapped to survey questions and responses and pilot testing reflections are included. CONCLUSION This paper reports on the construction of a standardised KAP survey for IPC specific to the CT suite in the Australian healthcare setting. The survey is ready for dissemination amongst MI departments. Documented use will aid validation and reliability as a survey tool to measure and map IPC specifically in relation to IV contrast administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne Hill
- Discipline of Medical Imaging Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney. 1 Science Road, Camperdown, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Yobelli A Jimenez
- Discipline of Medical Imaging Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney. 1 Science Road, Camperdown, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Dania Abu Awwad
- Discipline of Medical Imaging Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney. 1 Science Road, Camperdown, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Sarah J Lewis
- Discipline of Medical Imaging Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney. 1 Science Road, Camperdown, NSW, 2006, Australia.
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93
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Perko T, Thijssen P, Hevey D, Turcanu C, Muric M. Measuring societal attitudes and behaviours towards radon indoors: A case study of Slovenia. J Environ Radioact 2024; 272:107355. [PMID: 38100893 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2023.107355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Public opinion surveys play a crucial role in assessing public awareness, knowledge, and radon risk perception in the context of national Radon Action Plans. However, many of these surveys are constructed without a solid foundation in behavioural theories, health protection theory, or social science methodology. This lack of foundation can lead to misguided priorities in radon mitigation interventions and ineffective communication strategies, ultimately resulting in low compliance with testing and mitigation in private homes. By developing and testing scales that measure a wide range of theory-based socio-psychological concepts influencing protective behaviour of individuals facing radon risk, this study provides researchers, authorities, and practitioners with a useful and versatile survey tool to explore the complexity of human behaviour in the context of radon. The results of this survey, conducted in Slovenia with a representative sample of respondents from low, middle, and high radon risk areas (N = 2012), offer a foundation for assessing gaps and strategies to increase testing and remediation of homes. The findings suggest that communication interventions need to be more precisely tailored to specific population groups and should go beyond enhancing awareness, knowledge and radon risk perception. Effective strategies should evoke emotions, share personal stories, highlight successful mitigation cases, and use personal testimonies from individuals affected by lung cancer. Moreover, incorporating positive social norms can inspire more individuals to engage in testing and mitigation measures. Assessing theory-driven socio-psychological concepts through a survey allows researchers and policymakers to craft more effective strategies aimed at promoting radon testing and mitigation, thereby enhancing overall public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanja Perko
- Science, Technology and Society Research Group, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre, Belgium; Department of Political Science, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.
| | - Peter Thijssen
- Department of Political Science, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - David Hevey
- School of Psychology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Catrinel Turcanu
- Science, Technology and Society Research Group, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre, Belgium
| | - Melisa Muric
- Science, Technology and Society Research Group, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre, Belgium; Department of Political Science, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
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94
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Yu J, Ng TKS, Mahendran R. Cognitive and physical age gaps in relation to mild cognitive impairment and behavioral phenotypes. GeroScience 2024; 46:1129-1140. [PMID: 37428365 PMCID: PMC10828169 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-023-00864-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
We can study how fast our biological aging clocks tick by calculating the difference (i.e., age gaps) between machine learning estimations of biological age and chronological age. While this approach has been increasingly used to study various aspects of aging, few had applied this approach to study cognitive and physical age gaps; not much is known about the behavioral and neurocognitive factors associated with these age gaps. In the present study, we examined these age gaps in relation to behavioral phenotypes and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) among community-dwelling older adults. Participants (N = 822, Agemean = 67.6) were partitioned into equally-sized training and testing samples. Cognitive and physical age-prediction models were fitted using nine cognitive and eight physical fitness test scores, respectively, within the training samples, and subsequently used to estimate cognitive and physical age gaps for each subject in the testing sample. These age gaps were then compared among those with and without MCI and correlated with 17 behavioral phenotypes in the domains of lifestyle, well-being, and attitudes. Across 5000 random train-test split iterations, we showed that older cognitive age gaps were significantly associated with MCI (versus cognitively normal) and worse outcomes across several well-being and attitude-related measures. Both age gaps were also significantly correlated with each other. These results suggest accelerated cognitive and physical aging were linked to worse well-being and more negative attitudes about the self and others and reinforce the link between cognitive and physical aging. Importantly, we have also validated the use of cognitive age gaps in the diagnosis of MCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhong Yu
- Psychology, School of Social Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 48 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Ted Kheng Siang Ng
- Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Illinois, Chicago, USA
- Edson College of Nursing and Health Innovation, Arizona State University, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Rathi Mahendran
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Mind Science Centre, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 10 Medical Drive, Singapore, 117597, Singapore.
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, NUHS Tower Block, Level 9, 1E Kent Ridge Road, Singapore, 119228, Singapore.
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95
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Savolainen E, Lindqvist AK, Mikaelsson K, Nyberg L, Rutberg S. Children's active school transportation: an international scoping review of psychosocial factors. Syst Rev 2024; 13:47. [PMID: 38291491 PMCID: PMC10826279 DOI: 10.1186/s13643-023-02414-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Over the last decades, the prevalence of AST has decreased significantly. Barriers to active school transport (AST) have been extensively examined in the literature, while psychosocial factors that facilitate AST have received less attention. To our best knowledge, there are currently no reviews on this subject. Therefore, the objective of this review was to scope the literature and identify published research about psychosocial factors related to AST. METHODS Systematic searches conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, TRID, Scopus, and ERIC resulted in a total of 1933 publications, and 77 of them were considered eligible for this review. RESULTS The results of the included articles were categorised into four psychosocial factors: confidence in ability, attitudes, social support, and social norms, which were all generally positively related to AST, with a few exceptions. CONCLUSION The findings of this review indicate that these psychosocial factors may be important to consider when developing interventions and highlight that both children and parents should be involved in the process. This knowledge can serve as a valuable guide for developing interventions to promote AST. However, the evidence base supporting these psychosocial factors requires further investigation to fully understand how and when to incorporate them to maximise AST efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Savolainen
- Department of Health, Education and Technology, Luleå University of Technology, 97187, Luleå, Sweden.
| | - Anna-Karin Lindqvist
- Department of Health, Education and Technology, Luleå University of Technology, 97187, Luleå, Sweden
| | - Katarina Mikaelsson
- Department of Health, Education and Technology, Luleå University of Technology, 97187, Luleå, Sweden
| | - Lars Nyberg
- Department of Health, Education and Technology, Luleå University of Technology, 97187, Luleå, Sweden
| | - Stina Rutberg
- Department of Health, Education and Technology, Luleå University of Technology, 97187, Luleå, Sweden
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96
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Yu C, Chunmei L, Caiping S. A multicenter cross-sectional survey of the knowledge, attitude, and behaviour of nurses regarding dysphagia after anterior cervical spine surgery: a prospective multicentre study. BMC Nurs 2024; 23:74. [PMID: 38281978 PMCID: PMC10823728 DOI: 10.1186/s12912-023-01690-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The incidence of dysphagia after anterior cervical spine surgery is high, which directly affects the quality of life of patients after surgery. The knowledge, attitude, and behavior of nurses can affect the identification and management of patients after anterior cervical spine surgery. Therefore, we need a survey to understand the current status of nurses' knowledge, attitude, and behavior towards dysphagia after anterior cervical spine surgery. OBJECTIVE To investigate the knowledge, attitude, and behaviour of orthopaedic nurses towards patients with dysphagia after anterior cervical spine surgery and provide recommendations for management and intervention. METHOD An online cross-sectional survey was conducted between March and June 2023, which among 894 orthopaedic nurses from 36 tertiary hospitals in Chongqing using a questionnaire. The questionnaire included general information and knowledge, attitudes, and behaviours related to the management of dysphagia after anterior cervical surgery. RESULTS The orthopaedic nurses' mean score for dysphagia-related knowledge was 16.1 ± 3.640 (out of a total score of 30). The orthopaedic nurses' mean score for dysphagia-related attitude was 32.5 ± 4.623 (out of a total score of 40). The orthopaedic nurses' mean score for dysphagia-related behaviour was 43.6 ± 11.513 (out of a total score of 60). The results of statistical analysis showed that the dysphagia after anterior cervical spine surgery -related knowledge scores differed significantly among the nurses according to, education level, and training (P < 0.05). Correlation analysis showed that there was a positive correlation between the knowledge, attitude, and behaviour scores of neurological nurses and swallowing disorders after anterior cervical surgery (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Targeted knowledge and skills training should be carried out to improve the rules and regulations for dysphagia after anterior cervical spine surgery. Multidisciplinary team cooperation is needed, and dietary service processes and management standards should be improved to improve the management ability of orthopaedic nurses for dysphagia after anterior cervical spine surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Yu
- Xinqiao Hospital, The Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, China
| | - Luo Chunmei
- Xinqiao Hospital, The Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, China
| | - Song Caiping
- Xinqiao Hospital, The Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, China.
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97
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Cheng J, Feng Y, Liu Z, Zheng D, Han H, Liu N, Liu S, Zhao J, Li X, Han S. Knowledge, attitude, and practice of patients with major depressive disorder on exercise therapy. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:323. [PMID: 38287298 PMCID: PMC10826117 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-17821-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 01/31/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to explore the knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) toward exercise therapy of patients with major depressive disorder (MDD). METHODS This cross-sectional study was conducted at the First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University between April and October 2023 in patients with MDD. A self-designed questionnaire was used to evaluate the KAP (Cronbach's α = 0.787). The minimum-maximum scores were 2-23 for knowledge, 11-55 for attitude, and 7-35 for practice. RESULTS A total of 494 valid questionnaires were analyzed. The mean KAP dimension scores were 15.39 ± 3.34/23 (66.91%), 36.54 ± 19.33/55 (66.44%), and 19.33 ± 5.22/35 (55.23%), indicating poor knowledge, negative attitude, and weak practice. Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that female (OR = 0.613, 95%CI: 0.376-1.000, P = 0.050), urban residence (OR = 0.443, 95%CI: 0.259-0.758, P = 0.003), suburban residence (OR = 0.047, 95%CI: 0.016-0.138, P < 0.001), higher income (OR = 3.889-7.928, all P < 0.001), and unclear self-reported depression level (OR = 0.078, 95%CI: 0.027-0.221, P < 0.001) were independently associated with the knowledge scores. Knowledge scores (OR = 1.102, 95%CI: 1.022-1.188, P = 0.011), female gender (OR = 0.437, 95%CI: 0.246-0.776, P = 0.005), city (OR = 0.410, 95%CI: 0.226-0.744, P = 0.003), married (OR = 3.577, 95%CI: 1.751-7.650, P < 0.001), higher income (OR = 0.065-0.392, both P < 0.050), depressive trend (OR = 2.640, 95%CI: 1.110-6.278, P = 0.028), high depression score level (OR = 0.176, 95%CI: 0.104-0.300, P < 0.001), and unclear self-reported depression score (OR = 0.023, 95%CI: 0.007-0.076, P < 0.001) were independently associated with the attitude scores. Finally, knowledge scores (OR = 1.130, 95%CI: 1.051-1.215, P = 0.001), attitude scores (OR = 1.199, 95%CI: 1.124-1.280, P < 0.001), and city (OR = 0.583, 95%CI: 0.352-0.965, P = 0.036) were independently associated with the practice scores. The structural equation modeling analysis showed that knowledge, but not attitude (β = 0.103, P = 0.092) or practice (β = 0.034, P = 0.603), influenced the depression level (β=-0.074, P < 0.001); attitude influenced practice (β = 0.369, P < 0.001). CONCLUSION The KAP toward exercise among MDD patients is poor in Shanxi. Females, people living in urban or suburban areas, with lower income, and self-reported unclear depression levels should be targeted by education interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junxiang Cheng
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China
- School of Nursing, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China
| | - Yaoqing Feng
- School of Nursing, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China
- School of Nursing, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, 010110, China
| | - Zhifen Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China
| | - Dandan Zheng
- Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, 121000, China
| | - Hong Han
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Taiyuan, 030001, China
| | - Na Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China
| | - Shasha Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China
| | - Juan Zhao
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China
| | - Xiaole Li
- School of Nursing, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China
| | - Shifan Han
- School of Nursing, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China.
- The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China.
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98
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Allen MR, Webb S, Mandvi A, Frieden M, Tai-Seale M, Kallenberg G. Navigating the doctor-patient-AI relationship - a mixed-methods study of physician attitudes toward artificial intelligence in primary care. BMC Prim Care 2024; 25:42. [PMID: 38281026 PMCID: PMC10821550 DOI: 10.1186/s12875-024-02282-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 01/29/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Artificial intelligence (AI) is a rapidly advancing field that is beginning to enter the practice of medicine. Primary care is a cornerstone of medicine and deals with challenges such as physician shortage and burnout which impact patient care. AI and its application via digital health is increasingly presented as a possible solution. However, there is a scarcity of research focusing on primary care physician (PCP) attitudes toward AI. This study examines PCP views on AI in primary care. We explore its potential impact on topics pertinent to primary care such as the doctor-patient relationship and clinical workflow. By doing so, we aim to inform primary care stakeholders to encourage successful, equitable uptake of future AI tools. Our study is the first to our knowledge to explore PCP attitudes using specific primary care AI use cases rather than discussing AI in medicine in general terms. METHODS From June to August 2023, we conducted a survey among 47 primary care physicians affiliated with a large academic health system in Southern California. The survey quantified attitudes toward AI in general as well as concerning two specific AI use cases. Additionally, we conducted interviews with 15 survey respondents. RESULTS Our findings suggest that PCPs have largely positive views of AI. However, attitudes often hinged on the context of adoption. While some concerns reported by PCPs regarding AI in primary care focused on technology (accuracy, safety, bias), many focused on people-and-process factors (workflow, equity, reimbursement, doctor-patient relationship). CONCLUSION Our study offers nuanced insights into PCP attitudes towards AI in primary care and highlights the need for primary care stakeholder alignment on key issues raised by PCPs. AI initiatives that fail to address both the technological and people-and-process concerns raised by PCPs may struggle to make an impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew R Allen
- Department of Family Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
- Division of Biomedical Informatics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
| | - Sophie Webb
- Department of Family Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Ammar Mandvi
- Department of Family Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Marshall Frieden
- Department of Family Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Ming Tai-Seale
- Department of Family Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Gene Kallenberg
- Department of Family Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
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99
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Pervin M, Hansmann NM, Hagmayer Y. Attitudes Toward and Usage of Evidence-Based Mental Health Practices for Autistic Youth in Bangladesh and Germany: A Cross-Cultural Comparison. J Autism Dev Disord 2024:10.1007/s10803-023-06223-z. [PMID: 38277076 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-023-06223-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
The implementation of evidence-based practices (EBPs) for autistic youth is a critical concern worldwide. Research examining factors facilitating the implementation of EBPs found that providers' attitudes are an important factor. In this study, we evaluated cross-cultural differences in attitudes toward and use of EBPs. We tested socio-demographic factors as predictors of attitudes, and attitudes as predictors of EBPs use among mental health professionals working with autistic youth in Bangladesh and Germany. We used purposeful sampling. Two-hundred-ninety-two professionals who worked in a clinical setting responded to the survey and fulfilled the inclusion criteria (101 in Bangladesh, 191 in Germany). Participants were asked to respond to nine subscales of the Evidence-Based Practice Attitude Scale-36 (EBPAS-36), to indicate which of nine types of treatments they used, and to provide sociodemographic data. Measurement invariance across countries could be established for four subscales of the EBPAS-36. Comparative analyses of attitudes showed that professionals in both countries were open to using EBPs, but German practitioners were more likely to use EBPs when they appealed to them. By contrast, Bangladeshi professionals claimed to be more likely to adopt an EBP when required and to be more willing to learn EBPs to enhance job security. The relationship between caseload and attitudes varied between countries. A broader variety of EBPs was used in Germany. The findings highlight the importance of considering country-specific factors when implementing EBPs. Directions for conducting comparative studies on mental health professionals' attitudes towards EBP including methodological considerations are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maleka Pervin
- Institute of Psychology, Georg August University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.
- Department of Psychology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
| | - Nina Marie Hansmann
- Institute of Psychology, Georg August University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - York Hagmayer
- Institute of Psychology, Georg August University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
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100
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Steletou E, Giannouchos T, Dimitriou G, Karatza A, Sinopidis X, Maltezou HC, Souliotis K, Gkentzi D. Parental concerns and vaccine hesitancy against COVID-19 vaccination for children in Greece: A cross-sectional survey. Vaccine 2024; 42:448-454. [PMID: 38185545 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Parental hesitancy against children's COVID-19 vaccination remains a challenge globally. Although many studies have explored parental hesitancy, less is known about parental intentions towards COVID-19 vaccination of 6-month to 4-year-old children who were the last age group that became eligible for vaccination and for older children throughout the Omicron predominance period. METHODS We conducted a nationwide cross-sectional survey from November to December 2022 in Greece. We aimed to explore parental COVID-19 vaccination intentions for their children, reasons against vaccination, and to estimate the association between parents' intentions and child and parental characteristics and parental attitudes towards COVID-19 vaccination. RESULTS Of 431 parents, 243 (56.4 %) had not or did not intend to vaccinate their children against COVID-19. Most parents were vaccinated against COVID-19 (64.7 % no booster; 14.2 % at least one booster). Among parents with children under the age of 5, 13.0 % intended to vaccinate their children against COVID-19, while 47.3 % of parents with children 5 years of age or older reported intention or had already completed vaccination. The most common reasons against COVID-19 vaccination were fear of side effects (32.9 %), perceived short length of clinical trials (29.2 %), and the child having previously contracted COVID-19 (12.0 %). The strongest factors associated with intention or already completed vaccination were parental own vaccination against COVID-19, using a pediatrician or a healthcare professional as the main source of vaccine-related information for their children, agreeing with their pediatrician regarding COVID-19 vaccination, and trusting official healthcare guidelines. Stratified analyses by the two children's age groups (<5 and 5 to 17) yielded similar estimates. Among parents who had not or did not intend to vaccinate their children, 11.9 % would do so if recommended by a pediatrician. CONCLUSIONS Our findings highlight the need to incentivize healthcare professionals and pediatricians to inform parents about vaccines, clarify misconceptions and address concerns.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Steletou
- Department of Pediatrics, Patras Medical School, Greece.
| | - T Giannouchos
- Department of Health Policy & Organization, School of Public Health, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - G Dimitriou
- Department of Pediatrics, Patras Medical School, Greece
| | - A Karatza
- Department of Pediatrics, Patras Medical School, Greece
| | - X Sinopidis
- Department of Pediatrics, Patras Medical School, Greece
| | - H C Maltezou
- Directorate of Research, Studies and Documentation, National Public Health Organization, Athens, Greece
| | - K Souliotis
- Department of Social and Education Policy, University of Peloponnese, Corinth, Greece; Health Policy Institute, Athens, Greece
| | - D Gkentzi
- Department of Pediatrics, Patras Medical School, Greece
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