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Lopes AR, Figueiredo C, Sampaio E, Diniz M, Rosa R, Grilo TF. Impaired antioxidant defenses and DNA damage in the European glass eel ( Anguilla anguilla) exposed to ocean warming and acidification. Sci Total Environ 2021; 774:145499. [PMID: 33610990 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.145499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The European eel (Anguilla anguilla) has attracted scientific inquiry for centuries due to its singular biological traits. Within the European Union, glass eel fisheries have declined sharply since 1980, from up to 2000 t (t) to 62.2 t in 2018, placing wild populations under higher risk of extinction. Among the major causes of glass eels collapse, climate change has become a growing worldwide issue, specifically ocean warming and acidification, but, to our knowledge, data on physiological and biochemical responses of glass eels to these stressors is limited. Within this context, we selected some representative biomarkers [e.g. glutathione peroxidase (GPx), catalase (CAT), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), heat shock proteins (HSP70), ubiquitin (Ub) and DNA damage] to study physiological responses of the European glass eel under distinct laboratory-climate change scenarios, such as increased water temperature (+ 4 °C) and pH reduction (- 0.4 units), for 12 weeks. Overall, the antioxidant enzymatic machinery was impaired, both in the muscle and viscera, manifested by significant changes in CAT, GPx and TAC. Heat shock response varied differently between tissues, increasing with temperature in the muscle, but not in the viscera, and decreasing in both tissues under acidification. The inability of HSP to maintain functional protein conformation was responsible for boosting the production of Ub, particularly under warming and acidification, as sole stressors. The overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS), either elicited by warming - due to increased metabolic demand - or acidification - through H+ interaction with O2-, generating H2O2 - overwhelmed defense mechanisms, causing oxidative stress and consequently leading to protein and DNA damage. Our results emphasize the vulnerability of eels' early life stages to climate change, with potential cascading consequences to adult stocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Rita Lopes
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal; MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, ISPA - Instituto Universitário, Rua Jardim Do Tabaco 34, 1149-041 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Cátia Figueiredo
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal; Division of Environmental Oceanography and Bioprospection, IPMA - Portuguese Institute for Sea and Atmosphere, Av. Brasília, 1449-006 Lisboa, Portugal; UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Quinta da Torre, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Eduardo Sampaio
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Laboratório Marítimo da Guia, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Nossa Senhora do Cabo 939, 2750-374 Cascais, Portugal
| | - Mário Diniz
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Quinta da Torre, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Rui Rosa
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Laboratório Marítimo da Guia, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Nossa Senhora do Cabo 939, 2750-374 Cascais, Portugal
| | - Tiago F Grilo
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal.
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Panicz R, Eljasik P, Nguyen TT, Vo Thi KT, Hoang DV. First detection of Herpesvirus anguillae (AngHV-1) associated with mortalities in farmed giant mottled eel (Anguilla marmorata) in Vietnam. J Fish Dis 2021; 44:847-852. [PMID: 33764551 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.13350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Giant mottled eel (Anguilla marmorata) farming in Vietnam is a multistage process starting from wild harvest of glass eels through the so-called "hatcheries" and distribution centres from which individuals are transferred to rearing farms and subsequently sold by one eel farm to another every 3-5 months. The information on viral agents spread and persistence in the Vietnamese eel aquaculture is scarce. Therefore, the mortality of A. marmorata at the Van Xuan Farm was the prerequisite to identify the possible aetiologic agent and additionally to formulate first recommendations for viral disease screening in the Vietnamese eel aquaculture. Juvenile giant mottled eels with haemorrhagic lesions in the skin and liver, and hyperaemia of the gut were tested with qPCR and end-point PCR for AngHV-1 presence. Here, we report the first detection of AngHV-1 associated with mortality in giant mottled eel in winter and spring seasons. On the basis of the obtained results, we recommend to test eel seeds in "hatcheries," since tropical eel farms operate in interconnected scheme and monitoring of AngHV-1 prevalence requires well-implemented measures. Disease screening in the rearing centres and on-growing facilities should be based on everyday health checks, including by-catch fish used as a base of the feeding programmes at eel farms in Vietnam.
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Affiliation(s)
- Remigiusz Panicz
- Department of Meat Science, Faculty of Food Science and Fisheries, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Piotr Eljasik
- Department of Meat Science, Faculty of Food Science and Fisheries, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Tuan Thuc Nguyen
- Department of Aquaculture and Livestock, Institute of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Vinh University, Vinh city, Vietnam
| | - Kim Thinh Vo Thi
- Department of Aquaculture and Livestock, Institute of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Vinh University, Vinh city, Vietnam
| | - Duat Van Hoang
- Aquaculture Research Institute 3, 33 Dang Tat street, Nha Trang city, Vietnam
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Bracamonte SE, Knopf K, Monaghan MT. Encapsulation of Anguillicola crassus reduces the abundance of adult parasite stages in the European eel ( Anguilla anguilla). J Fish Dis 2021; 44:771-782. [PMID: 33270932 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.13301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Encapsulation of the parasitic nematode Anguillicola crassus Kuwahara, Niimi & Hagaki is commonly observed in its native host, the Japanese eel (Anguilla japonica Temminck & Schlegel). Encapsulation has also been described in a novel host, the European eel (A. anguilla L.), and there is evidence that encapsulation frequency has increased since the introduction of A. crassus. We examined whether encapsulation of A. crassus provides an advantage to its novel host in Lake Müggelsee, NE Germany. We provide the first evidence that encapsulation was associated with reduced abundance of adult A. crassus. This pattern was consistent in samples taken 3 months apart. There was no influence of infection on the expression of the two metabolic genes studied, but the number of capsules was negatively correlated with the expression of two mhc II genes of the adaptive immune response, suggesting a reduced activation. Interestingly, eels that encapsulated A. crassus had higher abundances of two native parasites compared with non-encapsulating eels. We propose that the response of A. anguilla to infection by A. crassus may interfere with its reaction to other co-occurring parasites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seraina E Bracamonte
- Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries (IGB), Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Center for Genomics in Biodiversity Research, Berlin, Germany
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Klaus Knopf
- Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries (IGB), Berlin, Germany
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael T Monaghan
- Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries (IGB), Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Center for Genomics in Biodiversity Research, Berlin, Germany
- Institut für Biologie, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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Kazeto Y, Suzuki H, Ozaki Y, Gen K. C-terminal peptide (hCTP) of human chorionic gonadotropin enhances in vivo biological activity of recombinant Japanese eel follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone produced in FreeStyle 293-F cell lines. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2021; 306:113731. [PMID: 33539901 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2021.113731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Gonadotropins (Gths), follicle-stimulating hormone (Fsh), and luteinizing hormone (Lh) play central roles in the reproductive biology of vertebrates. In this study, recombinant single-chain Japanese eel Gths (rGth: rFsh and rLh), and recombinant chimeric Gths (rGth-hCTPs: rFsh-hCTP and rLh-hCTP; rGth-eCTPs: rFsh-eCTP and rLh-eCTP) with an extra O-glycosylation site (either a C-terminal peptide of human (hCTP) or equine (eCTP) chorionic gonadotropin), which are known to prolong the half-life of glycoprotein were produced in HEK293 cells and highly purified. Lectin blot analyses demonstrated that all these recombinant Gths contained N-glycans of the high mannose and complex types. In contrast, only rGth-hCTPs and rGth-eCTPs possessed highly sialylated O-linked oligosaccharides. Further analyses of glycans by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry suggested that the species, amount, and degree of sialylation of N-glycans were comparable among recombinant Fshs and recombinant Lhs, while the amount of O-glycans with sialic acids in rGth-hCTPs was higher than that in the corresponding rGth-eCTPs. The serum levels of recombinant Gths in male eels significantly increased 12-24 h after a single injection of the Gths. The levels of rGth-hCTPs tended to be higher than those of the corresponding rGths and rGth-eCTPs throughout the experimental period, coinciding with the serum fluctuations of 11-ketotestosterone (11KT). The long-term treatment of male eels with these recombinant Gths also revealed the superiority of rGth-hCTPs in assisted reproduction; thus, the serum levels of 11KT and gonadosomatic indices in eels treated with rGth-hCTPs were higher than those in eels treated with the corresponding rGths and rGth-eCTPs. The induction of the entire process of spermatogenesis was only histologically observed in rGth-hCTPs-treated eels. These findings strongly suggest that hCTP enhances the in vivo biological activity of recombinant Japanese eel Gths due to the high abundance of O-linked glycans with sialylated antennae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukinori Kazeto
- Tamaki Field Station, Physiological Function Division, Aquaculture Research Department, Fisheries Technology Institute, Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency, 224-1 Hiruda, Tamaki, Watarai, Mie 519-0423, Japan.
| | - Hiroshi Suzuki
- Tamaki Field Station, Physiological Function Division, Aquaculture Research Department, Fisheries Technology Institute, Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency, 224-1 Hiruda, Tamaki, Watarai, Mie 519-0423, Japan; Graduate School of Marine Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, 4-5-7 Konan, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8477, Japan.
| | - Yuichi Ozaki
- Tamaki Field Station, Physiological Function Division, Aquaculture Research Department, Fisheries Technology Institute, Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency, 224-1 Hiruda, Tamaki, Watarai, Mie 519-0423, Japan.
| | - Koichiro Gen
- Tuna Aquaculture Division, Aquaculture Research Department, Fisheries Technology Institute, Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency, 1551-8 Taira-machi, Nagasaki 851-2213, Japan.
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Suzuki H, Ozaki Y, Gen K, Kazeto Y. Japanese eel retinol dehydrogenases 11/12-like are 17-ketosteroid reductases involved in sex steroid synthesis. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2021; 305:113685. [PMID: 33271196 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2020.113685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of 11-ketotestosterone (11KT) and estradiol-17β (E2), which play important roles in the regulation of gametogenesis in teleost fishes, is catalyzed by several steroidogenic enzymes. In particular, 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases (Hsd17bs) with 17-ketosteroid reducing activity (17KSR activity) are essential enzymes in the formation of these sex steroid hormones in the gonads and other tissues. Retinol dehydrogenase 11 (RDH11) has been suggested to be a novel tentative HSD17B (HSD17B15) in humans for a decade, however no definitive proof has been provided yet. In this study, three cDNAs related to human RDH11 were isolated from Japanese eel testis and characterized. Sequence similarity and phylogenetic analyses revealed their close relationship to human rdh11 and rdh12 gene products and they were designated as rdh11/12-like 1, rdh11/12-like 2, and rdh11/12-like 3. Three recombinant Rdh11/12-like proteins expressed in HEK293T cells catalyzed the transformation of estrone into E2 and androstenedione into testosterone. Only Rdh11/12-like 1 catalyzed the conversion of 11-ketoandrostenedione into 11KT. Tissue-distribution analysis by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction revealed, in immature male Japanese eel, that rdh11/12-like 1 and rdh11/12-like 2 are predominantly expressed in testis and brain, while rdh11/12-like 3 is expressed ubiquitously. Moreover, we analyzed the effects of gonadotropins and 11KT on the expression of the three rdh11/12-like mRNAs in the immature testis. In vitro incubation of immature testes with various doses of recombinant Japanese eel follicle stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, and 11KT indicated that the expression of rdh11/12-like 1 mRNA, rdh11/12-like 2, and rdh11/12-like 3 did not change. These findings suggest that the three Rdh11/12-like proteins metabolize sex steroids. Rdh11/12-like 1 may be one of the enzymes with 17KSR activity involved in the production of 11KT in the testis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Suzuki
- Graduate School of Marine Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, 4-5-7 Konan, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8477, Japan; National Research Institute of Aquaculture, Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency, 224-1 Hiruda, Tamaki, Watarai, Mie 519-0423, Japan.
| | - Yuichi Ozaki
- National Research Institute of Aquaculture, Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency, 224-1 Hiruda, Tamaki, Watarai, Mie 519-0423, Japan.
| | - Koichiro Gen
- Seikai National Fisheries Research Institute, Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency, 1551-8 Taira-machi, Nagasaki 851-2213, Japan.
| | - Yukinori Kazeto
- National Research Institute of Aquaculture, Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency, 224-1 Hiruda, Tamaki, Watarai, Mie 519-0423, Japan.
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Lortholarie M, Poirier L, Kamari A, Herrenknecht C, Zalouk-Vergnoux A. Rare earth element organotropism in European eel ( Anguilla anguilla). Sci Total Environ 2021; 766:142513. [PMID: 33121783 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Rare earth elements (REEs) are metallic elements with electronic, magnetic, optical and catalytic properties which make them essential in many industrial and medical fields. REEs are therefore becoming emerging pollutants and it is important to understand their implications for ecosystem health. However, little knowledge of REE bioaccumulation in aquatic organisms is available and especially on their internal distribution in fish. In the present study, REE organotropism was determined in Anguilla anguilla from the Loire estuary (France) by determining burdens in a wide set of tissues, organs and biological fluids. Differences have been observed between life stages and genders. For yellow eels, the most accumulating organ was the gills (126.90 ± 50.78 μg/kg dw) and for silver eels, it was the liver (181.78 ± 62.04 μg/kg dw for males; 203.79 ± 111.86 μg/kg dw for females). The comparison between female silver and yellow eels shown that female silver individuals accumulated significantly more REEs in the urinary system (US), muscles, gonads, spleen and liver, while yellow individuals accumulated more in gills. The comparison between male and female silver eels also highlighted differences, indeed the females accumulated significantly more REEs in the US, gonads, skin and spleen, compared to males which accumulated significantly more in muscles and gills. REEs abundances are also different between organs, life stages and genders. The gonads of female silver eels exhibited a particular profile with the dominance of gadolinium (Gd) (up to 74.2% of ∑REEs). Moreover, the presence of Anguillicola crassus in the swim bladder of organisms seemed to have an impact on REE bioaccumulation: parasitized yellow eels present higher concentrations of REEs in muscles, gills, gonads and liver than non-parasitized individuals. Regarding glass eels, REE contribution profiles in the whole body were close to those of yellow and silver eel skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjorie Lortholarie
- Laboratory Mer, Molécules, Santé (MMS, EA 2160), University of Nantes, Nantes F-44322, France.
| | - Laurence Poirier
- Laboratory Mer, Molécules, Santé (MMS, EA 2160), University of Nantes, Nantes F-44322, France
| | - Abderrahmane Kamari
- Laboratory Mer, Molécules, Santé (MMS, EA 2160), University of Nantes, Nantes F-44322, France
| | - Christine Herrenknecht
- Laboratory Mer, Molécules, Santé (MMS, EA 2160), University of Nantes, Nantes F-44322, France
| | - Aurore Zalouk-Vergnoux
- Laboratory Mer, Molécules, Santé (MMS, EA 2160), University of Nantes, Nantes F-44322, France
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Dezfuli BS, Maestri C, Lorenzoni M, Carosi A, Maynard BJ, Bosi G. The impact of Anguillicoloides crassus (Nematoda) on European eel swimbladder: histopathology and relationship between neuroendocrine and immune cells. Parasitology 2021; 148:612-622. [PMID: 33557973 PMCID: PMC10950382 DOI: 10.1017/s0031182021000032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The swimbladder functions as a hydrostatic organ in most bony fishes, including the European eel, Anguilla anguilla. Infection by the nematode Anguillicoloides crassus impairs swimbladder function, significantly compromising the success of the eel spawning migration. Swimbladders from 32 yellow eels taken from Lake Trasimeno (Central Italy) were analysed by histopathology- and electron microscopy-based techniques. Sixteen eels (50%) harboured A. crassus in their swimbladders and intensity of infection ranged from 2 to 17 adult nematodes per organ (6.9 ± 1.6, mean ± s.e.). Gross observations of heavily infected swimbladders showed opacity and histological analysis found a papillose aspect to the mucosa and hyperplasia of the lamina propria, muscularis mucosae and submucosa. Inflammation, haemorrhages, dilation of blood vessels and epithelial erosion were common in infected swimbladders. In the epithelium of parasitized swimbladders, many empty spaces and lack of apical junctional complexes were frequent among the gas gland cells. In heavily infected swimbladders, we observed hyperplasia, cellular swelling and abundant vacuolization in the apical portion of the gas gland cells. Numerous mast cells and several macrophage aggregates were noticed in the mucosal layer of infected swimbladders. We found more nervous and endocrine elements immunoreactive to a panel of six rabbit polyclonal antibodies in infected swimbladders compared to uninfected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahram Sayyaf Dezfuli
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, St. Borsari 46, 44121Ferrara, Italy
| | - Chiara Maestri
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, St. Borsari 46, 44121Ferrara, Italy
| | - Massimo Lorenzoni
- Department of Cellular and Environmental Biology, University of Perugia, St. Elce di sotto 5, 06123Perugia, Italy
| | - Antonella Carosi
- Department of Cellular and Environmental Biology, University of Perugia, St. Elce di sotto 5, 06123Perugia, Italy
| | - Barbara J Maynard
- The Institute for Learning and Teaching, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO80523, USA
| | - Giampaolo Bosi
- Department of Health, Animal Science and Food Safety, Università degli Studi di Milano, St. Trentacoste 2, 20134Milan, Italy
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Vowles AS, Kemp PS. Artificial light at night (ALAN) affects the downstream movement behaviour of the critically endangered European eel, Anguilla anguilla. Environ Pollut 2021; 274:116585. [PMID: 33556797 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.116585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Artificial light at night (ALAN) is considered one of the most pervasive forms of environmental pollution. It is an emerging threat to freshwater biodiversity and can influence ecologically important behaviours of fish. The European eel (Anguilla anguilla) is a critically endangered catadromous species that migrates downstream to the ocean to spawn in the Sargasso Sea. Given the pervasive nature of ALAN, many eel will navigate through artificially lit routes during their seaward migration, and although considered negatively phototactic, their response has yet to be quantified. We investigated the response of downstream moving European eel to simulated ALAN using a Light Emitting Diode unit in an experimental flume. We presented two routes of passage under: (1) a dark control (both channels unlit), (2) low ALAN (treatment channel lit to ca. 5 lx), or (3) high ALAN (treatment channel lit to ca. 20 lx). Eel were: (i) more likely to reject an illuminated route when exposed to high levels of ALAN; (ii) less likely to select the illuminated channel when given a choice; and (iii) passed downstream more rapidly when the illuminated route was selected. This study quantified the response of the critically endangered European eel to ALAN under an experimental setting, providing the foundations for future field based research to validate these findings, and offering insight on the ecological impacts of this major environmental pollutant and driver of global change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew S Vowles
- International Centre for Ecohydraulics Research, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Boldrewood Innovation Campus, University of Southampton, SO16 7QF, UK.
| | - Paul S Kemp
- International Centre for Ecohydraulics Research, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Boldrewood Innovation Campus, University of Southampton, SO16 7QF, UK
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59
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Baker NJ, Boubée J, Lokman PM, Bolland JD. Evaluating the impact of hydropower on downstream migrating anguillid eels: Catchment-wide and fine-scale approaches to identify cost-effective solutions. Sci Total Environ 2020; 748:141111. [PMID: 33113696 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Hydropower is an increasingly popular source of renewable and 'green' (in terms of emissions) energy, but reduced longitudinal connectivity and diverting flow through turbines can have negative impacts on catadromous anguillid eel species that have declined globally. There is an urgent need for environmental managers to perform remediation actions, such as protecting flows for migratory fish and providing passage solutions at infrastructure, under increasing legislative pressure. To deliver this, a more comprehensive understanding of eel migration in catchments with hydropower is required. Here, we illustrate the importance of catchment-wide and fine-scale acoustic telemetry, coupled with the influence of eel maturation (i.e. sex steroid levels), to determine the impact of Wairua run-of-river Power Station (WPS) on downstream migrating shortfin eels (Anguilla australis; n = 25) in Wairua River, New Zealand. Migration speed through the unregulated reach upstream of WPS was positively correlated with flow, but not eel length or sex steroids. Three eels passed a diversion weir (DW) to follow the natural watercourse and eight entered the WPS canal. Eels predominantly entered (95.2%) and were last detected (85.7%) in WPS forebay during hours of darkness. Eleven (52%) of the 21 eels that entered WPS forebay were impinged or entrained, all when three or four turbines were in operation (power generation >3.04 MW). Ten (48%) passed WPS spillway during significantly higher spill than impinged or entrained eels, with four passing during no turbine operation, after experiencing high flows near the intake (multiple receivers in WPS forebay used to quantify fine-scale behaviour). On average, eels were impinged or entrained at WPS significantly quicker (6.40 ± 11.13 days) than eels that entered the spillway (25.17 ± 15.12 days), but eel length and sex steroids did not significantly influence fate. Of the eels that migrated through the entire 55 km study reach, passage time at DW and WPS equated to 0.01-0.02% and 47.62-92.17% of their migration, respectively. Mitigation for WPS (and similar power schemes) should focus on operational or physical changes at DW to minimise eels entering power station forebay(s). Turbine shutdowns, ensuring WPS spillway is available and the provision of a bypass channel in WPS forebay are also discussed as ways to conserve the species with the potential to save costs for water resource managers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Joanne Baker
- Hull International Fisheries Institute, University of Hull, East Riding of Yorkshire HU6 7RX, United Kingdom.
| | - Jacques Boubée
- Vaipuhi Freshwater Consulting Ltd, Hamilton 3283, New Zealand.
| | - P Mark Lokman
- Department of Zoology, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand.
| | - Jonathan David Bolland
- Hull International Fisheries Institute, University of Hull, East Riding of Yorkshire HU6 7RX, United Kingdom.
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Haubrock PJ, Balzani P, Britton JR, Haase P. Using stable isotopes to analyse extinction risks and reintroduction opportunities of native species in invaded ecosystems. Sci Rep 2020; 10:21576. [PMID: 33303830 PMCID: PMC7728764 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-78328-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Invasive non-native species have pervasive impacts on native biodiversity, including population extirpations and species extinctions. Identifying reasons why a population of a native species is extirpated following an invasion often relies on literature-based results of anecdotal observations. The well-established schemes of existing risk assessments for invasive species assume that a species' information (e.g. impacts or behavioural and biological traits) can be projected from one area to another to estimate the potential impact of a species in another environment. We used stable isotope data (δ13C, δ15N) from both invaded and uninvaded communities to predict such invasion impacts by reconstructing trophic relationships. This approach was tested on a community within a protected lake in Northern Spain where, following the introductions of non-native species, the last resident native species (the common tench Tinca tinca, the European eel Anguilla anguilla, and the whirligig beetle Gyrinus sp.) had been extirpated. Through the application of this novel approach, we found evidence that native species' declines were related to direct predation by and resource overlap with non-native species, which occurred in conjunction with habitat modification. Using this approach, we outlined the mechanisms involved in the extirpation of native species in the post-invasion period. To compensate for losses of native species induced by invasions of non-native species, native species reintroductions might be an appropriate tool. For this, we further suggested and discussed a novel approach that predicts the outcome of arising interactions by superimposing stable isotope data from alternative sources to better estimate the success of native species´ reintroductions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phillip J Haubrock
- Department of River Ecology and Conservation, Senckenberg Research Institute and Natural History Museum Frankfurt, Clamecystrasse 12, 63571, Gelnhausen, Germany.
- Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, CENAKVA, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Vodňany, Czechia.
| | - Paride Balzani
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, Via Madonna del Piano 6, 50019, Florence, Italy
| | - J Robert Britton
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Bournemouth University, Poole, Dorset, UK
| | - Peter Haase
- Department of River Ecology and Conservation, Senckenberg Research Institute and Natural History Museum Frankfurt, Clamecystrasse 12, 63571, Gelnhausen, Germany
- Faculty of Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45141, Essen, Germany
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Figueiredo C, Raimundo J, Lopes AR, Lopes C, Rosa N, Brito P, Diniz M, Caetano M, Grilo TF. Warming enhances lanthanum accumulation and toxicity promoting cellular damage in glass eels ( Anguilla anguilla). Environ Res 2020; 191:110051. [PMID: 32818498 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.110051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 07/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Cumulative and continuing human emissions of greenhouse gases to the atmosphere are causing ocean warming. Rising temperature is a major threat to aquatic organisms and may affect physiological responses, such as acid-base balance, often compromising species fitness and survival. It is also expected that warming may influence the availability and toxicological effects of pollutants, including Rare Earth Elements. These are contaminants of environmental emerging concern with great economic interest. This group comprises yttrium, scandium and lanthanides, being Lanthanum (La) one of the most common. The European eel (Anguilla anguilla) is critically endangered and constitutes a delicacy in South East Asia and Europe, being subject to an increasing demand on a global scale. Considering the vulnerability of early life stages to contaminants, we exposed glass eels to 1.5 μg L-1 of La for five days, plus five days of depuration, under a present-day temperature and warming scenarios (△T = +4 °C). The aim of this study was to assess the bioaccumulation, elimination and specific biochemical enzymatic endpoints in glass eels (Anguilla anguilla) tissues, under warming and La. Overall, our results showed that the accumulation and toxicity of La were enhanced with increasing temperature. The accumulation was higher in the viscera, followed by the head, and ultimately the body. Elimination was less effective under warming. Exposure to La did not impact acetylcholinesterase activity. Moreover, lipid peroxidation peaked after five days under the combined exposure of La and warming. The expression of heat shock proteins was majorly suppressed in glass eels exposed to La, at both tested temperatures. This result suggests that, when exposed to La, glass eels were unable to efficiently prevent cellular damage, with a particularly dramatic setup in a near-future scenario. Further studies are needed towards a better understanding of the effects of lanthanum in a changing world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cátia Figueiredo
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016, Lisboa, Portugal; Division of Oceanography and Marine Environment, IPMA - Portuguese Institute for Sea and Atmosphere, Av. Alfredo Magalhães Ramalho, 6, 1495-165, Algés, Portugal; UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516, Caparica, Portugal.
| | - Joana Raimundo
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016, Lisboa, Portugal; CIIMAR, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, Avenida General Norton de Matos S/N, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Ana Rita Lopes
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016, Lisboa, Portugal; MARE - Marine and Environmental Science Centre, ISPA - Instituto Universitário, R. Jardim Do Tabaco 34, 1100-304, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Clara Lopes
- Division of Oceanography and Marine Environment, IPMA - Portuguese Institute for Sea and Atmosphere, Av. Alfredo Magalhães Ramalho, 6, 1495-165, Algés, Portugal; CIIMAR, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, Avenida General Norton de Matos S/N, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Nuno Rosa
- Division of Oceanography and Marine Environment, IPMA - Portuguese Institute for Sea and Atmosphere, Av. Alfredo Magalhães Ramalho, 6, 1495-165, Algés, Portugal
| | - Pedro Brito
- Division of Oceanography and Marine Environment, IPMA - Portuguese Institute for Sea and Atmosphere, Av. Alfredo Magalhães Ramalho, 6, 1495-165, Algés, Portugal
| | - Mário Diniz
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Miguel Caetano
- Division of Oceanography and Marine Environment, IPMA - Portuguese Institute for Sea and Atmosphere, Av. Alfredo Magalhães Ramalho, 6, 1495-165, Algés, Portugal; CIIMAR, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, Avenida General Norton de Matos S/N, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Tiago F Grilo
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016, Lisboa, Portugal
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Bourillon B, Acou A, Trancart T, Belpaire C, Covaci A, Bustamante P, Faliex E, Amilhat E, Malarvannan G, Virag L, Aarestrup K, Bervoets L, Boisneau C, Boulenger C, Gargan P, Becerra-Jurado G, Lobón-Cerviá J, Maes GE, Pedersen MI, Poole R, Sjöberg N, Wickström H, Walker A, Righton D, Feunteun É. Assessment of the quality of European silver eels and tentative approach to trace the origin of contaminants - A European overview. Sci Total Environ 2020; 743:140675. [PMID: 32927526 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The European eel is critically endangered. Although the quality of silver eels is essential for their reproduction, little is known about the effects of multiple contaminants on the spawning migration and the European eel management plan does not take this into account. To address this knowledge gap, we sampled 482 silver eels from 12 catchments across Europe and developed methods to assess three aspects of eel quality: muscular lipid content (N = 169 eels), infection with Anguillicola crassus (N = 482), and contamination by persistent organic pollutants (POPs, N = 169) and trace elements (TEs, N = 75). We developed a standardized eel quality risks index (EQR) using these aspects for the subsample of 75 female eels. Among 169 eels, 33% seem to have enough muscular lipids content to reach the Sargasso Sea to reproduce. Among 482 silver eels, 93% were infected by A. crassus at least once during their lifetime. All contaminants were above the limit of quantification, except the 1,2-bis(2,4,6-tribromophenoxy)ethane (BTBPE), Ag and V. The contamination by POPs was heterogeneous between catchments while TEs were relatively homogeneous, suggesting a multi-scale adaptation of management plans. The EQR revealed that eels from Warwickshire were most impacted by brominated flame-retardants and agricultural contaminants, those from Scheldt were most impacted by agricultural and construction activities, PCBs, coal burning, and land use, while Frémur eels were best characterized by lower lipid contents and high parasitic and BTBPE levels. There was a positive correlation between EQR and a human footprint index highlighting the capacity of silver eels for biomonitoring human activities and the potential impact on the suitability of the aquatic environment for eel population health. EQR therefore represents a step forward in the standardization and mapping of eel quality risks, which will help identify priorities and strategies for restocking freshwater ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bastien Bourillon
- Laboratoire Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques (BOREA), Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, CNRS FRE 2030, Sorbonne Université, IRD 207, Université de Caen Normandie, Université des Antilles, Centre de Recherche et d'Enseignement sur les Systèmes Côtiers, station de biologie marine de Dinard, 38 rue du Port Blanc, 35800 Dinard, France.
| | - Anthony Acou
- UMS 2006 Patrimoine Naturel (PatriNat, OFB/CNRS/MNHN), Centre de Recherche et d'Enseignement sur les Systèmes Côtiers, station de biologie marine de Dinard, 38 rue du Port Blanc, 35800 Dinard, France; OFB, Management of Diadromous Fish in their Environment OFB-INRAE-Agrocampus Ouest-UPPA, 65 rue de Saint Brieuc, 35042 Rennes Cedex, France
| | - Thomas Trancart
- Laboratoire Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques (BOREA), Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, CNRS FRE 2030, Sorbonne Université, IRD 207, Université de Caen Normandie, Université des Antilles, Centre de Recherche et d'Enseignement sur les Systèmes Côtiers, station de biologie marine de Dinard, 38 rue du Port Blanc, 35800 Dinard, France
| | - Claude Belpaire
- Institute for Nature and Forest Research (INBO), Dwersbos 28, 1630 Linkebeek, Belgium
| | - Adrian Covaci
- Toxicological Center, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, B-2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Paco Bustamante
- Littoral Environnement et Sociétés (LIENSs), UMR 7266 CNRS - Université de la Rochelle, 2 rue Olympe de Gouges, 17000 La Rochelle, France; Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), 1 rue Descartes, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Elisabeth Faliex
- Centre de Formation et de Recherche sur les Environnements Méditerranéens (Cefrem), UMR 5110 CNRS-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia, 52 Avenue Paul Alduy, F-66860 Perpignan Cedex, France
| | - Elsa Amilhat
- Centre de Formation et de Recherche sur les Environnements Méditerranéens (Cefrem), UMR 5110 CNRS-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia, 52 Avenue Paul Alduy, F-66860 Perpignan Cedex, France
| | - Govindan Malarvannan
- Toxicological Center, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, B-2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Laure Virag
- Laboratoire Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques (BOREA), Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, CNRS FRE 2030, Sorbonne Université, IRD 207, Université de Caen Normandie, Université des Antilles, Centre de Recherche et d'Enseignement sur les Systèmes Côtiers, station de biologie marine de Dinard, 38 rue du Port Blanc, 35800 Dinard, France
| | - Kim Aarestrup
- DTU AQUA, National Institute of Aquatic Resources, Section for Freshwater Fisheries Ecology, Technical University of Denmark, Vejlsøvej 39, 8600 Silkeborg, Denmark
| | - Lieven Bervoets
- University of Antwerp, Systemic Physiological and Ecotoxicological Research group (SPHERE), Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Catherine Boisneau
- UMR 7324 CItés, TERitoires, Environnement et Sociétés (CITERES, CNRS, Université de Tours), 33 Allée Ferdinand de Lesseps, 37200 Tours, France
| | - Clarisse Boulenger
- OFB, Management of Diadromous Fish in their Environment OFB-INRAE-Agrocampus Ouest-UPPA, 65 rue de Saint Brieuc, 35042 Rennes Cedex, France; INRAE, UMR 985, INRA-Agrocampus, Ecologie et Santé des Ecosystèmes, Rennes Cedex, France
| | - Paddy Gargan
- Inland Fisheries Ireland, 3044 Lake Drive, Citywest Business Campus, Dublin 24, Ireland
| | - Gustavo Becerra-Jurado
- Inland Fisheries Ireland, 3044 Lake Drive, Citywest Business Campus, Dublin 24, Ireland; Institute for European Environmental Policy, Department of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services, Rue Joseph II 36-38, 1000 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Javier Lobón-Cerviá
- Department of evolutionary Ecology, National Museum of Natural Science (CSIC), C/. Jose Gutiérrez Abascal 2, Madrid 28006, Spain
| | - Gregory E Maes
- Aquaculture, Department of Biosystems, KU Leuven, 3001 Leuven, Belgium; Center for Human Genetics, UZ Leuven - Genomics Core, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium; Centre for Sustainable Tropical Fisheries and Aquaculture, College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia
| | - Michael Ingemann Pedersen
- DTU AQUA, National Institute of Aquatic Resources, Section for Freshwater Fisheries Ecology, Technical University of Denmark, Vejlsøvej 39, 8600 Silkeborg, Denmark
| | - Russell Poole
- Marine Institute, Fisheries Ecosystems Advisory Services, Newport, Co. Mayo, Ireland
| | - Niklas Sjöberg
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Aquatic Resources, Institute of Freshwater Research, Stångholmsvägen 2, SE-178 93 Drottningholm, Sweden
| | - Håkan Wickström
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Aquatic Resources, Institute of Freshwater Research, Stångholmsvägen 2, SE-178 93 Drottningholm, Sweden
| | - Alan Walker
- Centre for Environment Fisheries and Aquaculture Science, Pakefield Road, Lowestoft, Suffolk NR33 0HT, England, United Kingdom
| | - David Righton
- Centre for Environment Fisheries and Aquaculture Science, Pakefield Road, Lowestoft, Suffolk NR33 0HT, England, United Kingdom
| | - Éric Feunteun
- Laboratoire Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques (BOREA), Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, CNRS FRE 2030, Sorbonne Université, IRD 207, Université de Caen Normandie, Université des Antilles, Centre de Recherche et d'Enseignement sur les Systèmes Côtiers, station de biologie marine de Dinard, 38 rue du Port Blanc, 35800 Dinard, France
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Teichert N, Tétard S, Trancart T, de Oliveira E, Acou A, Carpentier A, Bourillon B, Feunteun E. Towards transferability in fish migration models: A generic operational tool for predicting silver eel migration in rivers. Sci Total Environ 2020; 739:140069. [PMID: 32544695 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In the global context of river fragmentation, predicting fish migration is urgent to implement management actions aimed at protecting and promoting the free movement of diadromous fish. However, large-scale applicability of conservation measures requires transferable models that enable prediction of migration even in data-poor regions. Here, we surveyed 12 contrasted European river sites to predict the activity peaks of silver eels (Anguilla anguilla) during river migration towards spawning areas through an ensemble modelling approach. Site-specific Boosted Regression Tree (BRT) models were adjusted using standardized hydrological variables to predict migration probability, which were aggregated in consensus predictions. Results of independent cross-validations demonstrated that silver eel migration runs were accurately predicted in response to changes in river discharge. Transferability and predictive performance were improved by considering catchment-size dissimilarity between river sites (85 to 109,930 km2) when combining the site-specific predictions. Nevertheless, we provided two examples for which the effects of human actions on flow conditions were so high that they prevented reliable predictions of migration runs. Further contributions should thus take advantage of the flexibility of our approach for updating model collection with new sites to extend the predictive performance under a larger range of ecological conditions. Our transferable hydrological-based modelling framework offers an opportunity to implement large-scale management strategies for eel conservation, even in rivers where eel monitoring data lack. The BRT models and prediction functions were compiled in an R package named 'silvRpeak' to facilitate operational implementation by end-user managers, which can determine when mitigation measures should be implemented to improve river continuity (e.g. turbine shutdown and sluice gate opening) and balance their economic activity towards eel conservation. The only input required is discharge records that are widely available across European hydrological stations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nils Teichert
- Laboratoire de Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques (BOREA) MNHN, CNRS, IRD, SU, UCN, UA, Paris, France; MNHN, Station Marine de Dinard, CRESCO, Dinard, France.
| | - Stéphane Tétard
- EDF R&D LNHE - Laboratoire National d'Hydraulique et Environnement, Chatou, France
| | - Thomas Trancart
- Laboratoire de Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques (BOREA) MNHN, CNRS, IRD, SU, UCN, UA, Paris, France; MNHN, Station Marine de Dinard, CRESCO, Dinard, France
| | - Eric de Oliveira
- EDF R&D LNHE - Laboratoire National d'Hydraulique et Environnement, Chatou, France
| | - Anthony Acou
- Office Français pour la Biodiversité - UMS OFB-CNRS-MNHN PatriNat, Station marine du MNHN, Dinard, France; Pôle R&D OFB-INRAE-Agrocampus Ouest-UPPA pour la gestion des migrateurs amphihalins dans leur environnement, Rennes, France
| | - Alexandre Carpentier
- Université de Rennes 1 - Unité BOREA (Museum national d'histoire Naturelle, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, UCN, IRD, UA), Rennes, France
| | - Bastien Bourillon
- Laboratoire de Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques (BOREA) MNHN, CNRS, IRD, SU, UCN, UA, Paris, France; MNHN, Station Marine de Dinard, CRESCO, Dinard, France
| | - Eric Feunteun
- Laboratoire de Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques (BOREA) MNHN, CNRS, IRD, SU, UCN, UA, Paris, France; MNHN, Station Marine de Dinard, CRESCO, Dinard, France
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64
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Turan F, Karan S, Ergenler A. Effect of heavy metals on toxicogenetic damage of European eels Anguilla anguilla. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2020; 27:38047-38055. [PMID: 32621191 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-09749-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Aquatic organisms are exposed to a variety of contaminants such as heavy metals introduced into the environment as a consequence of anthropogenic activities that usually cause genotoxic damage in aquatic organisms. DNA damage biomarkers for fish species detect genotoxic parameters for ecological risk assessment. In the present study, the effect of heavy metals (Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Ni, Pb, Zn, Co, and Mn) on DNA damage of Anguilla anguilla was examined by comet assay at reference site and three different sampling sites of the Orontes River. The relative mean heavy metal concentrations in water column were in the order of Fe>Cr>Pb>Zn>Ni>Cu>Mn>Cd>Co in all the sampling sites. Cr, Cd, and Pb concentrations at all sampling sites were above the values allowed by the EPA (1999, 2016). With these results, negative effects of Cr, Cd, and Pb appeared on ecosystem health. The comet assay showed a higher level of DNA damage in the gill cells in comparison with the liver cells of A. anguilla. The highest level of DNA damage as %T-DNA, tail moment, and tail migration in gill cells were 20.007 ± 1.744 %; 2.899 ± 0.341 μm, and 12.383 ± 01.040 TMi and 20.172 ± 1.944 %, 2.559 ± 0.265 μm, and 10.763 ± 0.910 TMi at Site 2 and Site 3, respectively. The correlations between heavy metals and DNA damage parameters revealed that both Cu and Co in water showed significant negative correlations (p < 0.05) with DNA damage levels. Consequently, this study revealed the genotoxic damage of A. anguilla due to pollution in Orontes River and lead to the better understanding of genotoxicity and heavy metal relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Funda Turan
- Faculty of Marine Science and Technology, Iskenderun Technical University, P.O. Box 31200, Iskenderun, Hatay, Turkey.
| | - Serpil Karan
- Faculty of Marine Science and Technology, Iskenderun Technical University, P.O. Box 31200, Iskenderun, Hatay, Turkey
| | - Ayşegül Ergenler
- Faculty of Marine Science and Technology, Iskenderun Technical University, P.O. Box 31200, Iskenderun, Hatay, Turkey
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Romero D, Barcala E, María-Dolores E, Muñoz P. European eels and heavy metals from the Mar Menor lagoon (SE Spain). Mar Pollut Bull 2020; 158:111368. [PMID: 32573453 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2020.111368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metal pollution is related to the fall in European eel (Anguilla anguilla) populations. The Mar Menor lagoon (SE Spain) is home to an endangered population of this species, which is still caught for human consumption. The presence of Pb, Cd and Hg in the livers and muscles and the Se:Hg ratio in muscle of 150 eels from this lagoon were determined. Pb concentrations were higher than those reported from other populations in the world, while Cd and Hg concentrations in the tissues analysed were lower. In terms of food safety, Se concentrations play an important role in sequestering Hg in eels from this lagoon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Romero
- Área de Toxicología, Universidad de Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain; Campus de Excelencia Internacional Regional "Campus Mare Nostrum", Murcia, Spain.
| | - Elena Barcala
- Campus de Excelencia Internacional Regional "Campus Mare Nostrum", Murcia, Spain; Instituto Español de Oceanografía, C/Varadero, s/n, 30740 San Pedro del Pinatar, Spain
| | - Emilio María-Dolores
- Campus de Excelencia Internacional Regional "Campus Mare Nostrum", Murcia, Spain; Servicio de Pesca y Acuicultura, Consejería de Agua, Agricultura, Ganadería y Pesca, Campos, 4, E-30201 Cartagena, Spain
| | - Pilar Muñoz
- Campus de Excelencia Internacional Regional "Campus Mare Nostrum", Murcia, Spain; Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Universidad de Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain
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66
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Currie HAL, Flores Martin N, Espindola Garcia G, Davis FM, Kemp PS. A mechanical approach to understanding the impact of the nematode Anguillicoloides crassus on the European eel swimbladder. J Exp Biol 2020; 223:jeb219808. [PMID: 32748794 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.219808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
One of the most detrimental factors in the drastic decline of the critically endangered European eel (Anguilla anguilla) was the inadvertent introduction of the invasive nematode Anguillicoloides crassus Infection primarily affects the swimbladder, a gas-filled organ that enables the eel to control its depth in the water. A reduction in swimbladder function may be fatal for eel undergoing their spawning migration to the Sargasso Sea, a journey of over 5000 km. Although the physiological damage caused by this invasive parasite is well studied through the use of quantifiable gross pathological indices, providing a good measure of the swimbladder health status, they cannot separate the role of mechanical and morphological damage. Our study examined the appropriateness of three commonly used indices as a measure of mechanical damage by performing uniaxial tensile tests on swimbladder specimens obtained from an infected eel population. When the test results were compared with the gross pathological indices it was found that thickness correlated most strongly with mechanical damage, both confirming and, more importantly, explaining the counterintuitive findings of earlier work. In a damaged swimbladder, the immune response leads to a trade-off; increasing wall thickness raises the pressure required for organ rupture but decreases strength. The results indicate that for moderate infection the mechanical integrity of the swimbladder can be maintained. For severe infection, however, a reduction in mechanical integrity may reach a tipping point, thereby affecting the successful completion of their oceanic migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen A L Currie
- International Centre for Ecohydraulics Research, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Boldrewood Innovation Campus, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 7QF, UK
| | - Nicholas Flores Martin
- International Centre for Ecohydraulics Research, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Boldrewood Innovation Campus, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 7QF, UK
| | - Gerardo Espindola Garcia
- International Centre for Ecohydraulics Research, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Boldrewood Innovation Campus, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 7QF, UK
| | - Frances M Davis
- International Centre for Ecohydraulics Research, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Boldrewood Innovation Campus, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 7QF, UK
| | - Paul S Kemp
- International Centre for Ecohydraulics Research, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Boldrewood Innovation Campus, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 7QF, UK
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Capoccioni F, Leone C, Belpaire C, Malarvannan G, Poma G, De Matteis G, Tancioni L, Contò M, Failla S, Covaci A, Ciccotti E. Quality assessment of escaping silver eel ( Anguilla anguilla L.) to support management and conservation strategies in Mediterranean coastal lagoons. Environ Monit Assess 2020; 192:570. [PMID: 32770417 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-020-08533-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Silver eel samples, collected from the lagoons of Fogliano and Caprolace (Italy), were investigated for a broad range of contaminants (29 polychlorinated biphenyls, 9 polybrominated diphenyl ethers, 5 dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane, 5 chlordanes, hexachlorobenzene, 3 hexachlorocyclohexane, and 5 metals). Concentrations of targeted compounds stand for a general low contamination pattern. Infestation by Anguillicola crassus and virus infections were also examined. No parasite infestation was found, while infected silver eels had a low prevalence for EVEX, and, for the first time in the Mediterranean area, for AngHV-1. Overall, a good quality status of escaping silver eels, for both lagoons, was highlighted by the use of integrative Indexes. A quality assessment of the ecological status of the two lagoons was carried out developing an expert judgment approach, in order to characterize the habitat of eel stocks. A Final Pressure Index was derived, whose values showed an overall limited global anthropogenic impact acting on both lagoons. Results stand for the suitability of an integrated approach to assess lagoon habitats and eel local stocks quality. This could be proposed as a tool to identify sites yielding high quality eel spawners in the Mediterranean region, in order to set up suitable management frameworks, providing elements to appraise and discuss the potential of coastal lagoons in the Mediterranean region towards the recovery of the eel global stock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrizio Capoccioni
- Centro di ricerca "Zootecnia e Acquacoltura" - Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e l'Analisi dell'Economia Agraria (CREA), Monterotondo, RM, Italy.
| | - Chiara Leone
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università degli Studi di Roma "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Claude Belpaire
- Institute for Nature and Forest Research (INBO), Linkebeek, Belgium
| | | | - Giulia Poma
- Toxicological Centre, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Giovanna De Matteis
- Centro di ricerca "Zootecnia e Acquacoltura" - Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e l'Analisi dell'Economia Agraria (CREA), Monterotondo, RM, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Tancioni
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università degli Studi di Roma "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Michela Contò
- Centro di ricerca "Zootecnia e Acquacoltura" - Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e l'Analisi dell'Economia Agraria (CREA), Monterotondo, RM, Italy
| | - Sebastiana Failla
- Centro di ricerca "Zootecnia e Acquacoltura" - Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e l'Analisi dell'Economia Agraria (CREA), Monterotondo, RM, Italy
| | - Adrian Covaci
- Toxicological Centre, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Eleonora Ciccotti
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università degli Studi di Roma "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
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68
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Liu M, Guo L, Yin Y, Chen L, Chen Z, Liu J, Qiu B. Au nanoparticle preconcentration coupled with CE-electrochemiluminescence detection for sensitive analysis of fluoroquinolones in European eel ( Anguilla anguilla). Anal Methods 2020; 12:2693-2702. [PMID: 32930300 DOI: 10.1039/d0ay00264j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In this work, a novel method based on gold nanoparticle preconcentration coupled with CE for electrochemiluminescence detection of ciprofloxacin, enrofloxacin, ofloxacin, and norfloxacin in European eels was developed. The addition of gold nanoparticles induced the rapid enrichment of fluoroquinolones, which was simpler than the conventional enrichment approaches such as solid phase extraction and solid-phase microextraction. More than 100 times enrichment was observed after gold nanoparticle aggregation-based preconcentration. The CE-electrochemiluminescence parameters that affected the separation and detection were optimized. Under the optimized conditions, the linear ranges for the four fluoroquinolones were 0.090-8.0 μmol L-1 with the detection limits between 0.020 and 0.050 μmol L-1. The proposed approach showed the advantages of high sensitivity, high selectivity, a wide linear range, and a low detection limit. It was used to analyze fluoroquinolones in European eel, and the results showed that the developed method can satisfy the detection requirements for fluoroquinolone determination in aquatic products set by China and the European Union.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meihua Liu
- Fuqing Branch of Fujian Normal University, Fuqing, Fujian 350300, China
| | - Longhua Guo
- College of Biological, Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, 314001, PR China.
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection Technology for Food Safety, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350116, China
| | - Yuechun Yin
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection Technology for Food Safety, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350116, China
| | - Lifen Chen
- College of Biological, Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, 314001, PR China.
| | - Zhitao Chen
- Fuqing Branch of Fujian Normal University, Fuqing, Fujian 350300, China
| | - Jingjing Liu
- Fuqing Branch of Fujian Normal University, Fuqing, Fujian 350300, China
| | - Bin Qiu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection Technology for Food Safety, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350116, China
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69
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Huang YS, Wu XH, Huang PS, Chen GR. Correlation between the ovarian status and the androgen sensibility in the cultured Japanese eel, Anguilla japonica. Fish Physiol Biochem 2020; 46:1063-1074. [PMID: 32088795 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-020-00772-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Different responsive abilities of different types of eels (cultured, cultured feminized, and wild silver eels) during artificial maturation are recognized, and maturity status at the beginning of artificial maturation might be important. Maturity may represented by the distribution pattern of oocyte diameters. Androgens have been demonstrated to stimulate ovarian development in eels. To determine the initial status, operations were performed on eels to identify sex and to sample ovarian tissue. The recovered eels were then treated with 17α-methyltestosterone (17MT), and the responses of individual eels to 17MT were determined by the fold change in the mean oocyte diameter before and after treatment. Sampled ovarian tissues were fixed in Bouin's solution, oocytes were isolated, and the diameter of isolated oocytes was measured. The ovarian status, determined by kernel density estimation (KDE), was presented by the probability density of measured oocyte diameters; compared with histograms, a description method, KDE, provided more subtle information on the investigated ovary. Our data indicated a correlation between the initial ovarian status (density pattern) and the consequence of treatment (change of ovary); we also argued the semelparity of the Japanese eel. Our results supported the hypothesis that the initial ovarian status is an important factor affecting artificial maturation and that androgens could ameliorate the initial status of the eel ovary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yung-Sen Huang
- Department of Life Science, National University of Kaohsiung, No.700, Kaohsiung University Road, Nan Tzu Dist, 811, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
| | - Xuan-Hao Wu
- Department of Life Science, National University of Kaohsiung, No.700, Kaohsiung University Road, Nan Tzu Dist, 811, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Syuan Huang
- Department of Life Science, National University of Kaohsiung, No.700, Kaohsiung University Road, Nan Tzu Dist, 811, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Guan-Ru Chen
- Freshwater Aquaculture Research Center, Fisheries Research Institute, C.O.A., No. 106, Haipu., 505., Changhua, Taiwan
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70
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Lortholarie M, Zalouk-Vergnoux A, Couderc M, Kamari A, François Y, Herrenknecht C, Poirier L. Rare earth element bioaccumulation in the yellow and silver European eel ( Anguilla anguilla): A case study in the Loire estuary (France). Sci Total Environ 2020; 719:134938. [PMID: 31859057 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Revised: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In the present work, rare earth elements (REEs) were measured in European eel muscles (Anguilla anguilla) from the Loire estuary in France. This study site is characterized by a large anthropogenic pressure with potential activities releasing REEs such as oil refineries, aeronautic and naval industries, wind turbine industries, hospitals with magnetic resonance imaging and coal-fired power plants. These activities may lead to increased REE concentrations in sediments the primary habitat of European eels. In the present work, REE bioaccumulation was evaluated by determining the concentrations in yellow and silver eel muscles sampled at three different locations in the Loire estuary and at two periods (2011/2012 and 2018/2019). The aims of this study were the understanding of the spatio-temporal influences (sampling site and sampling period) and intraspecific variations (age, sex, sexual maturation, length, weight, and parasitism) on the whole REE bioaccumulation. The mean value of the sum of REE concentrations (∑REEs) was 2.91, 6.48 and 12.60 µg/kg of muscle from respectively yellow eels, female silver eels and male silver eels fished in 2018/2019. The results showed that silver males accumulated more REEs than silver females and silver eels accumulate more REEs than yellow ones. Regarding the determination of spatio-temporal variations, an increase of REE concentrations for silver eel muscles between the two periods was observed, certainly related to the increase of REE uses. Finally, a trend of higher contamination of eels sampled in the downstream of Nantes was noticed for yellow eels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjorie Lortholarie
- Laboratory Mer, Molécules, Santé (MMS, EA 2160), University of Nantes, Nantes F-44322, France.
| | - Aurore Zalouk-Vergnoux
- Laboratory Mer, Molécules, Santé (MMS, EA 2160), University of Nantes, Nantes F-44322, France.
| | - Mickaël Couderc
- Laboratory Mer, Molécules, Santé (MMS, EA 2160), University of Nantes, Nantes F-44322, France
| | - Abderrahmane Kamari
- Laboratory Mer, Molécules, Santé (MMS, EA 2160), University of Nantes, Nantes F-44322, France
| | - Yannick François
- Laboratory of Toxicology, University of Nantes, Nantes F-44322, France
| | - Christine Herrenknecht
- Laboratory Mer, Molécules, Santé (MMS, EA 2160), University of Nantes, Nantes F-44322, France
| | - Laurence Poirier
- Laboratory Mer, Molécules, Santé (MMS, EA 2160), University of Nantes, Nantes F-44322, France.
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71
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Zhao J, Wu L, Zhai S, Lin P, Guo S. Construction expression and immunogenicity of a novel trivalent outer membrane protein (OmpU-A-II) from three bacterial pathogens in Japanese eels ( Anguilla japonica). J Fish Dis 2020; 43:519-529. [PMID: 32285473 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.13132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Revised: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Vibrio vulnificus, Edwardsiella anguillarum and Aeromonas hydrophila are three common bacterial pathogens in cultivated eels. To protect farming eels from infection by these pathogens, a trivalent outer membrane protein (OMP) containing partial sequences of OmpU from V. vulnificus, OmpA from E. anguillarum and OmpII from A. hydrophila was expressed and purified; then, the OMP was used as a vaccine to immunize Japanese eels (Anguilla japonica). Whole-blood cell proliferation, antibody titres and complement and lysozyme activities were detected at different days post-immunization (dpi), and the relative per cent survival (RPS) was determined after eels were infected with V. vulnificus, E. anguillarum or A. hydrophila at 28 dpi. The results showed that the OMP significantly stimulates the antibody titres. At 14 days after the challenge (i.e. at 28 dpi), the RPS of OMP against V. vulnificus, E. anguillarum and A. hydrophila was 20%, 70% and 11.1%, respectively. The construction, expression and immunogenicity of a trivalent Omp were reported for the first time, and this study will provide a valuable reference for the development of fish multiplex vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinping Zhao
- Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, China
- Engineering Research Center of the Modern Industry Technology for Eel. Ministry of Education of PRC, Xiamen, China
| | - Liqun Wu
- College of Overseas Education, Jimei University, Xiamen, China
| | - Shaowei Zhai
- Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, China
- Engineering Research Center of the Modern Industry Technology for Eel. Ministry of Education of PRC, Xiamen, China
| | - Peng Lin
- Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, China
- Engineering Research Center of the Modern Industry Technology for Eel. Ministry of Education of PRC, Xiamen, China
| | - Songlin Guo
- Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, China
- Engineering Research Center of the Modern Industry Technology for Eel. Ministry of Education of PRC, Xiamen, China
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72
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Teichert N, Tétard S, Trancart T, Feunteun E, Acou A, de Oliveira E. Resolving the trade-off between silver eel escapement and hydropower generation with simple decision rules for turbine shutdown. J Environ Manage 2020; 261:110212. [PMID: 32148282 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.110212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Revised: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Hydropower plants are commonly reported as a major cause of the worldwide decline of freshwater eels (Anguillidae), so that management solutions are urgently needed to mitigate their impacts. Where downstream passage solutions are complex to develop, turbine shutdown appears as an effective management solution to protect silver eels during their river migration toward spawning areas. However, the definition of operational decision rules for turbine shutdown is challenging due to the duality between the benefit for eel conservation and the concomitant cost in term of hydropower production. Here, we proposed a decision framework for turbine shutdown based on simple hydrological criteria to guide negotiations between stakeholders toward a trade-off between silver eel escapement and hydropower generation. Eel migration was assumed to be triggered by a minimum river flow associated with a minimum discharge pulse, so that threshold values can be directly implemented as decision rules for turbine shutdown. To estimate relevant thresholds, a generic methodological framework was developed to generate alternative decision rules from data collected at hydropower plants, which can include telemetry surveys and estimates of eel abundance. A multiple-criteria decision analysis was then conducted to rank alternatives and to determine the best compromise between promoting silver eel escapement and limiting turbine shutdown duration. Graphic outputs can help stakeholders to understand the competitive interests between eel conservation and hydropower production, while visually identifying a range of consensual alternatives to support negotiations in the choice of operational thresholds. The method was illustrated for three river systems in Europe featured by distinct hydrological conditions and can be applied in other areas, providing that eel monitoring surveys and flow data are available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nils Teichert
- Laboratoire de Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques (BOREA) MNHN, CNRS, IRD, SU, UCN, UA, Station Marine de Dinard - CRESCO, 38 rue du Port Blanc 35800 Dinard, France.
| | - Stéphane Tétard
- EDF R&D LNHE - Laboratoire National d'Hydraulique et Environnement, 6 Quai Watier, 78401, Chatou, Cedex, France
| | - Thomas Trancart
- Laboratoire de Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques (BOREA) MNHN, CNRS, IRD, SU, UCN, UA, Station Marine de Dinard - CRESCO, 38 rue du Port Blanc 35800 Dinard, France
| | - Eric Feunteun
- Laboratoire de Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques (BOREA) MNHN, CNRS, IRD, SU, UCN, UA, Station Marine de Dinard - CRESCO, 38 rue du Port Blanc 35800 Dinard, France
| | - Anthony Acou
- Agence Française pour la Biodiversité, UMS AFB-CNRS-MNHN PatriNat, Station Marine du MNHN, Dinard, France; Pôle R&D AFB-INRA-Agrocampus Ouest-UPPA pour la Gestion des Migrateurs Amphihalins Dans Leur Environnement, Rennes, France
| | - Eric de Oliveira
- EDF R&D LNHE - Laboratoire National d'Hydraulique et Environnement, 6 Quai Watier, 78401, Chatou, Cedex, France
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73
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Kroes R, Van Loon EE, Goverse E, Schiphouwer ME, Van der Geest HG. Attraction of migrating glass eel ( Anguilla anguilla) by freshwater flows from water pumping stations in an urbanized delta system. Sci Total Environ 2020; 714:136818. [PMID: 32018972 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.136818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Revised: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Most studies on glass eel (Anguilla anguilla) migration are performed in natural estuaries, where they enter freshwater systems to live there for a period of years before they swim back again to the sea to reproduce. In these natural systems, river flows play a major role in attracting and directing migrating eels. However, coastal areas get urbanized more and more and characterized by anthropogenic barriers and hampered or artificial water flows. The effects of these flows on glass eel migration are poorly understood. Therefore, in this study glass eel were sampled at water pumping stations in a constructed part of the Rhine delta in the Netherlands. A mixed linear-effect model was used to determine effects of freshwater flows from water pumping stations on glass eel catch. We found that freshwater flows from water pumping stations had a significant but small effect on glass eel catch. Pumping activity had no significant effect on glass eel catch at sample locations with a continuous freshwater flow from fish passages. However, a low predictive value of the model and low numbers of individuals per sample prohibited strong conclusions on effects of anthropogenic freshwater flows on glass eel migration. More individual tracking techniques should be used to improve understanding migratory behavior of glass eel.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Kroes
- Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - E E Van Loon
- Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - E Goverse
- Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Reptile, Amphibian & Fish Conservation Netherlands (RAVON), Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - M E Schiphouwer
- Reptile, Amphibian & Fish Conservation Netherlands (RAVON), Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - H G Van der Geest
- Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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74
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He L, Wu L, Tang Y, Lin P, Zhai S, Xiao Y, Guo S. Immunization of a novel outer membrane protein from Aeromonas hydrophila simultaneously resisting A. hydrophila and Edwardsiella anguillarum infection in European eels (Angullia angullia). Fish Shellfish Immunol 2020; 97:300-312. [PMID: 31866448 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.12.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Revised: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In cultivated European eels, Aeromonas hydrophila, Edwardsiella anguillarum and Vibrio vulnificus are three important bacterial pathogens. In this study, an expressed recombinant Outer membrane proteinⅡ (rOmpⅡ) from A. hydrophila was intraperitoneally injected into European eels (Angullia angullia). All examined eels were equally divided into three groups. One group was injected with PBS only (PBS group), one group was injected with 1:1 mixture of PBS and Freund's incomplete adjuvant (PBS + F, adjuvant group), and the third group was injected with 1:1 mixture of 1 mg mL-1 rOmpⅡ and Freund's incomplete adjuvant (rOmpⅡ+F, OmpⅡ group). The immunogenicity of OmpⅡ was studied by detecting the expression of 4 immune-related genes, stimulation index (SI) of the whole blood cell, serum antibody titer, lysozyme and Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) activity, and relative percent of survival (RPS) rate. The results showed that gene expression of MHC-Ⅱ, LysC, SOD and IgM in the OmpⅡ group significantly increased in liver, spleen, kidney and intestine. At 28 days post the immunization (dpi), the SI of whole blood cells in the OmpⅡ group increased significantly; at 14, 21, 28 and 42 dpi, the serum antibody titers against A. hydrophila and E. anguillarum in the OmpⅡ group were significantly higher than that of the PBS and the adjuvant group; the SOD in the OmpⅡ group was found increased significantly in liver, kidney, mucus and serum. On the 28 dpi, eels were challenged by A. hydrophila, E. anguillarum and V. vulnificus for cross protection study. The results showed that the RPS of the OmpⅡ group were 83.33%, 55.56% and 33.33% respectively. These results showed that the expressed OmpⅡ from A. hydrophila significantly improve the immune function of Europena eels and their resistance to the infection of A. hydrophila and E. anguillarum simultaneously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le He
- Fisheries College of Jimei University, Engineering Research Center of the Modern Industry Technology for Eel, Ministry of Education, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - LiQun Wu
- College of Overseas Education, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - YiJun Tang
- Yijun Tang, Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin Oshkosh, 800 Algoma Blvd., Oshkosh, WI, USA
| | - Peng Lin
- Fisheries College of Jimei University, Engineering Research Center of the Modern Industry Technology for Eel, Ministry of Education, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - ShaoWei Zhai
- Fisheries College of Jimei University, Engineering Research Center of the Modern Industry Technology for Eel, Ministry of Education, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - YiQun Xiao
- Fisheries College of Jimei University, Engineering Research Center of the Modern Industry Technology for Eel, Ministry of Education, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - SongLin Guo
- Fisheries College of Jimei University, Engineering Research Center of the Modern Industry Technology for Eel, Ministry of Education, Xiamen, 361021, China.
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75
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Heisey PG, Mathur D, Phipps JL, Avalos JC, Hoffman CE, Adams SW, De-Oliveira E. Passage survival of European and American eels at Francis and propeller turbines. J Fish Biol 2019; 95:1172-1183. [PMID: 31376147 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.14115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We present the magnitude of losses of European eel Anguilla anguilla and American eel A. rostrata in passage through propeller and Francis turbines at hydroelectric projects. Survival and injury rates and types were turbine type related. Overall, eel survival was higher (mean ± 90% CI = 95.1 ± 5.3%,) and injury rate lower (12.5 ± 10.5) at Francis than propeller turbines (survival = 80.7 ± 6.4%; injury rate = 25.7 ± 7.9%). The common injury type at Francis turbines was bruises and at propeller turbines was severance. Blade shape and thickness of the leading edge of the blades (rounded, thick buckets of Francis turbines v. flatter, sharper edged blades in propeller turbines); eel entry routes into the turbines; their flexible, cylindrical body shape and orientation probably contributed to these differences. Relationship between survival and injury and turbine characteristics was turbine specific. For Francis turbines, one negative correlation (r = -0.986, P < 0.01) between survival and runner speed was found and two positive correlations between injury rates and fish length (r = 0.740, P < 0.10) and number of blades (r = 0.835, P < 0.05) were noted for propeller turbines. Several severely injured eels remained active 48 h after turbine passage suggesting caution is warranted when using telemetric movement for estimating eel survival. We conclude there is a need to (a) better understand travel paths and approach orientation of eels through turbines; (b) determine where only eel passage is of concern at hydropower plants that have both turbine types and therefore preferential operation of Francis turbines may be considered; (c) inform hydropower plant operators where turbine replacement is being considered and downstream eel passage is of concern that replacement by Francis or bulb turbines may prove beneficial for eel passage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul G Heisey
- Normandeau Associates, Inc., Drumore, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Dilip Mathur
- Normandeau Associates, Inc., Drumore, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Eric De-Oliveira
- EDF, Laboratoire National D'Hydraulique et Environnement, Chatou, France
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76
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Soares SMC, Walker A, Elwenn SA, Bayliss S, Garden A, Stagg HEB, Munro ES. First isolation of Flavobacterium psychrophilum associated with reports of moribund wild European eel ( Anguilla anguilla) in Scotland. J Fish Dis 2019; 42:1509-1521. [PMID: 31452217 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.13069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Revised: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In late April 2015, the River Dee Trust informed Marine Scotland Science, Fish Health Inspectorate (FHI), that there had been observations of dead and moribund European eels on the River Dee. Later in May, the Spey Fishery Board also reported a number of moribund European eels in a rotary screw smolt trap on the River Spey. In total, 10 cases involving moribund eels were investigated in 2015 and one case in 2016. In addition, a health screen was conducted to investigate the potential presence of Flavobacterium psychrophilum in healthy eels and Atlantic salmon from the River Dee in 2015. Externally, the diseased eels demonstrated white patches in different locations of the body. In all cases, F. psychrophilum was detected by bacterial isolation and/or molecular methods. Three isolates were further characterized by whole-genome sequencing (WGS) as belonging to sequence type 15 (ST15). Histological examination of diseased European eels revealed lesions at the level of the integument. The pathogen screen for F. psychrophilum in wild healthy fish tested negative by PCR. Further investigation is required to understand the pathogenicity of this bacterium on the health of eels and the potential impact on the wild salmonid population.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Amanda Walker
- Marine Laboratory, Marine Scotland Science, Aberdeen, UK
| | | | | | - Alison Garden
- Marine Laboratory, Marine Scotland Science, Aberdeen, UK
| | | | - Eann S Munro
- Marine Laboratory, Marine Scotland Science, Aberdeen, UK
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77
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Pao HY, Wu CY, Wen CM. Persistent development of adomavirus and aquareovirus in a novel cell line from marbled eel with petechial skin haemorrhage. J Fish Dis 2019; 42:345-355. [PMID: 30632177 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.12939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Revised: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In Taiwan, a petechial haemorrhage disease associated with mortality has affected marbled eels (Anguilla marmorata). The eels were revealed to be infected with adomavirus (MEAdoV, previously recognized as a polyoma-like virus). In this study, cell line DMEPF-5 was established from the pectoral fin of a diseased eel. DMEPF-5 was passaged >70 times and thoroughly proliferated in L-15 medium containing 2%-15% foetal bovine serum at 20-30°C. Transcripts of neural cell adhesion molecule 1 and nestin genes, and nucleic acids of MEAdoV and a novel reovirus (MERV) in the cells were demonstrated by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analysis. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the AdoV LO8 proteins mostly relate to adenovirus adenain, whereas MERV is close to American grass carp reovirus in Aquareovirus G, based on a partial VP2 nucleotide sequence. DMEPF-5 cells are susceptible to additional viral infection. Taken together, the marbled eels with the haemorrhagic disease have coinfection with MEAdoV and MERV, and the pathogenic role of MEAdoV and MERV warrants research. DMEPF-5 has gene expression associated with mesenchymal stem and progenitor cells and is the first cell line persistently infected with adomavirus and aquareovirus. DMEPF-5 can facilitate studies of such viruses and haemorrhagic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Yu Pao
- Department of Life Sciences, National University of Kaohsiung, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Yu Wu
- Department of Life Sciences, National University of Kaohsiung, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chiu Ming Wen
- Department of Life Sciences, National University of Kaohsiung, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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78
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Borges FO, Santos CP, Sampaio E, Figueiredo C, Paula JR, Antunes C, Rosa R, Grilo TF. Ocean warming and acidification may challenge the riverward migration of glass eels. Biol Lett 2019; 15:20180627. [PMID: 30958222 PMCID: PMC6371910 DOI: 10.1098/rsbl.2018.0627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The dramatic decline of European eel ( Anguilla anguilla) populations over recent decades has attracted considerable attention and concern. Furthermore, little is known about the sensitivity of the early stages of eels to projected future environmental change. Here, we investigated, for the first time, the potential combined effects of ocean warming (OW; Δ + 4°C; 18°C) and acidification (OA; Δ - 0.4 pH units) on the survival and migratory behaviour of A. anguilla glass eels, namely their preference towards riverine cues (freshwater and geosmin). Recently arrived individuals were exposed to isolated and combined OW and OA conditions for 100 days, adjusting for the salinity gradients associated with upstream migration. A two-choice test was used to investigate migratory activity and shifts in preference towards freshwater environments. While OW decreased survival and increased migratory activity, OA appears to hinder migratory response, reducing the preference for riverine cues. Our results suggest that future conditions could potentially favour an early settlement of glass eels, reducing the proportion of fully migratory individuals. Further research into the effects of climate change on eel migration and habitat selection is needed to implement efficient conservation plans for this critically endangered species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco O. Borges
- MARE – Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Laboratório Marítimo da Guia, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Nossa Senhora do Cabo 939, 2750-374 Cascais, Portugal
| | - Catarina P. Santos
- MARE – Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Laboratório Marítimo da Guia, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Nossa Senhora do Cabo 939, 2750-374 Cascais, Portugal
| | - Eduardo Sampaio
- MARE – Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Laboratório Marítimo da Guia, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Nossa Senhora do Cabo 939, 2750-374 Cascais, Portugal
| | - Cátia Figueiredo
- MARE – Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Laboratório Marítimo da Guia, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Nossa Senhora do Cabo 939, 2750-374 Cascais, Portugal
| | - José Ricardo Paula
- MARE – Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Laboratório Marítimo da Guia, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Nossa Senhora do Cabo 939, 2750-374 Cascais, Portugal
| | - Carlos Antunes
- CIIMAR/CIMAR – Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, Terminal de Cruzeiros de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos S/N, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal
- Aquamuseu do Rio Minho – Parque do Castelinho, 4920-290 Vila Nova de Cerveira, Portugal
| | - Rui Rosa
- MARE – Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Laboratório Marítimo da Guia, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Nossa Senhora do Cabo 939, 2750-374 Cascais, Portugal
| | - Tiago F. Grilo
- MARE – Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Laboratório Marítimo da Guia, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Nossa Senhora do Cabo 939, 2750-374 Cascais, Portugal
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79
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Chang YLK, Miller MJ, Tsukamoto K, Miyazawa Y. Effect of larval swimming in the western North Pacific subtropical gyre on the recruitment success of the Japanese eel. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0208704. [PMID: 30571715 PMCID: PMC6301772 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0208704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The possible effect of directional larval swimming on the recruitment success of the Japanese eel, Anguilla japonica, was examined with a three-dimensional particle-tracking ocean circulation model using horizontal northwestward swimming and diel vertical migration (DVM). Four separate experiments included virtual larvae (v-larvae) movement from the spawning area over 290 days (total migration) and 160 days (stage A), from the STCC eddy region in 70 days (stage B), and from the origin of the Kuroshio in 60 days (stage C) to evaluate the effect of directional swimming and DVM compared to simple drifting. Passive or random swimming were not the most effective strategies for larvae dispersing from the spawning area because most v-larvae remained south of 20°N without entering the Kuroshio. Northwestward swimming resulted in wider dispersion and a better chance of successful recruitment, with v-larvae becoming widely distributed in the STCC eddy zone, arriving at the east coast of the Philippines (stage A), escaping the STCC eddy area and reaching the Kuroshio (stage B), and crossing the Kuroshio into the East China Sea shelf (stage C). DVM slightly shortened the migration period due to faster shallow layer ocean currents during nighttime. The NEC transported non-swimming v-larvae westward to the Kuroshio and occasionally northward into the Subtropical Countercurrent (STCC) area where eddies transported v-larvae westward into the Kuroshio, but less than with swimming. Directional swimming increased recruitment success, northwestward swimming was more effective than other directions, and a slower swimming speed was still better than no/random swimming in sensitivity tests. The present study demonstrated a first view of the possibility that Japanese eel larvae might be able to use a strategy of single-direction swimming to increase arrival at their recruitment areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Lin K. Chang
- Application Laboratory, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Michael J. Miller
- Department of Marine Science and Resources, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Katsumi Tsukamoto
- Department of Marine Science and Resources, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yasumasa Miyazawa
- Application Laboratory, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, Yokohama, Japan
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80
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Kim BS, Park JW, Kang GS, Jin JH, Roh HJ, Kim DH, Lee MK, Huh MD. First report of nocardia infection in cultured Japanese eel, Anguilla japonica. J Fish Dis 2018; 41:1921-1927. [PMID: 30132915 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.12882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Revised: 07/04/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bo Seong Kim
- Department of Aquatic Life Medicine, College of Fisheries Science, Pukyong National University, Busan, Korea
| | - Ji Won Park
- Department of Aquatic Life Medicine, College of Fisheries Science, Pukyong National University, Busan, Korea
| | - Gyoung Sik Kang
- Department of Aquatic Life Medicine, College of Fisheries Science, Pukyong National University, Busan, Korea
| | - Ji Hye Jin
- Daon Fisheries disease management, Incheon, Korea
| | - Heyong Jin Roh
- Department of Aquatic Life Medicine, College of Fisheries Science, Pukyong National University, Busan, Korea
| | - Do Hyung Kim
- Department of Aquatic Life Medicine, College of Fisheries Science, Pukyong National University, Busan, Korea
| | - Mu Kun Lee
- Korean Aquatic Organism Disease Inspector Association, Busan, Korea
| | - Min Do Huh
- Department of Aquatic Life Medicine, College of Fisheries Science, Pukyong National University, Busan, Korea
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81
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McConville J, Fringuelli E, Evans D, Savage P. First examination of the Lough Neagh European eel ( Anguilla anguilla) population for eel virus European, eel virus European X and Anguillid Herpesvirus-1 infection by employing novel molecular techniques. J Fish Dis 2018; 41:1783-1791. [PMID: 30144086 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.12885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Revised: 07/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Lough Neagh is home to the largest wild-caught European eel (Anguilla anguilla) commercial fishery in the EU, producing 14% of the EU catch and worth £3.2 million to the local economy. Viral infections have been suggested to play a contributory role in the decline of the worldwide eel stock, but previous studies of the Lough Neagh European eel population had not observed either acute or chronic viral signs. Eel virus European (EVE), Eel virus European X (EVEX) and Anguillid herpesvirus-1 (HVA) have been detected throughout Europe and as the Lough Neagh eel fishery is supplemented by re-stocking of eels from France, Spain and the United Kingdom and these viral infections may be asymptomatic, it is vital that the viral pathogen prevalence in the Lough is accurately determined. This study aimed to ascertain the presence of these viruses in the Lough Neagh European eel population by employing novel molecular techniques testing specifically for the presence of EVE, EVEX and HVA. No evidence was found of HVA infection, whereas EVE and EVEX were found, albeit at a very low prevalence.
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Affiliation(s)
- James McConville
- Disease Surveillance and Investigation Branch, Veterinary Sciences Division, Agri-Food & Biosciences Institute, Belfast, UK
| | - Elena Fringuelli
- Fish Disease Unit, Veterinary Sciences Division, Agri-Food & Biosciences Institute, Belfast, UK
| | - Derek Evans
- Fisheries and Aquatic Ecosystems, Sustainable Agri-food Sciences Division, Agri-Food & Biosciences Institute, Belfast, UK
| | - Paul Savage
- Fish Disease Unit, Veterinary Sciences Division, Agri-Food & Biosciences Institute, Belfast, UK
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82
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Kim JD, Lee NS, Do JW, Kim MS, Seo HG, Cho M, Jung SH, Han HJ. Nocardia seriolae infection in the cultured eel Anguilla japonica in Korea. J Fish Dis 2018; 41:1745-1750. [PMID: 30117618 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.12881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Revised: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Mass mortality occurred at an Anguilla japonica eel farm equipped with a recirculating aquaculture system in Gimcheon, Korea, from late spring to early summer 2015. The cumulative 3-month mortality was 16% (approximately 24,300-150,000 fish). The majority of affected fish displayed ulcerative lesions that progressed to petechial haemorrhages and small white granulomas in the major organs. A Gram-positive, acid-fast, nonmotile bacterium was isolated from internal organ lesions. Phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA identified the species as Nocardia seriolae and the strain was designated EM150506. Afterwards, naïve eels were injected with 1.8 × 107 colony-forming units per fish to confirm the strain's pathogenicity, which resulted in a 20% mortality rate within 4 weeks. However, surviving fish still exhibited white N. seriolae colonies in internal organs. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a N. seriolae infection in cultured eel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Do Kim
- Pathology Division, National Institute of Fisheries Science (NIFS), Busan, South Korea
| | - Nam-Sil Lee
- Pathology Division, National Institute of Fisheries Science (NIFS), Busan, South Korea
| | - Jeung Wan Do
- Pathology Division, National Institute of Fisheries Science (NIFS), Busan, South Korea
| | - Myoung Sug Kim
- Pathology Division, National Institute of Fisheries Science (NIFS), Busan, South Korea
| | - Han Gill Seo
- Pathology Division, National Institute of Fisheries Science (NIFS), Busan, South Korea
| | - Miyoung Cho
- Pathology Division, National Institute of Fisheries Science (NIFS), Busan, South Korea
| | - Sung Hee Jung
- Pathology Division, National Institute of Fisheries Science (NIFS), Busan, South Korea
| | - Hyun-Ja Han
- Pathology Division, National Institute of Fisheries Science (NIFS), Busan, South Korea
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83
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Esteve C, Alcaide E. Seasonal recovery of Edwardsiella piscicida from wild European eels and natural waters: Isolation methods, virulence and reservoirs. J Fish Dis 2018; 41:1613-1623. [PMID: 30039873 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.12867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Revised: 06/24/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A total of 127 wild eels caught in the L'Albufera Lake (Spain) and 24 samples of lagoon freshwater were analysed for 1-year period. Edwardsiella strains were isolated from liver/kidney on TSA-1 plates in 31.9% of total diseased specimens, and the edwardsiellosis prevalence in the fishery was of 11.8%. The use of double-strength Salmonella-Shigella (DSSS) broth and SS agar yielded Edwardsiella isolation from intestine in 100% of those edwardsiellosis-diseased eels, but also in 40.4% of other sick fish with vibriosis or aeromonosis and in 28.8% of healthy eels, as well as from freshwater in 8.3% of samples. Pure cultures were isolated on SS agar from the former, but motile Aeromonas, Plesiomonas shigelloides and Hafnia alvei were recovered along with Edwardsiella in the other samples. Edwardsiella isolates identification at species level revealed that E. piscicida was distributed between wild eels and freshwater but E. tarda only did in freshwater. All E. piscicida strains were virulent for eels (LD < 1.0 × 106 CFU/fish) but that of E. tarda was not. This is the first report of E. piscicida in wild eel intestines and natural freshwater, highlighting its role as potential reservoirs for the bacterium. A seasonal recovery was found for E. piscicida at water temperature above 20°C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Consuelo Esteve
- Departamento de Microbiología y Ecología, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Elena Alcaide
- Departamento de Microbiología y Ecología, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
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84
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Hagihara S, Aoyama J, Limbong D, Tsukamoto K. Interspecific difference in downstream migratory season between two tropical eels, Anguilla celebesensis and Anguilla marmorata. J Fish Biol 2018; 93:729-732. [PMID: 29992571 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.13750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Downstream-migrating Anguilla celebesensis eels were predominant relative to Anguilla marmorata in October, November, December, January and February (75.9-92%), while no A. celebesensis occurred and A. marmorata were predominant in May and July (96-100%), at the outlet of Poso Lake, Sulawesi Island, Indonesia. Merging these results with those from published data suggests that most A. celebesensis start downstream migration during the early to middle rainy season, and A. marmorata migrate almost year-round with a peak from the late rainy to middle dry season.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seishi Hagihara
- College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, Fujisawa, Japan
| | - Jun Aoyama
- International Coastal Research Centre, Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute, The University of Tokyo, Iwate, Japan
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85
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Hagihara S, Aoyama J, Limbong D, Tsukamoto K. Interspecific and sexual differences in riverine distribution of tropical eels Anguilla spp. J Fish Biol 2018; 93:21-29. [PMID: 29938811 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.13666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A total of 261 individuals of the four tropical eel species, Anguilla celebesensis, Anguilla marmorata, Anguilla bicolor pacifica and Anguilla interioris, were collected from 12 locations around Sulawesi Island, Indonesia, to gain knowledge about the riverine distribution of tropical eels. Anguilla marmorata was predominant in the lower reaches of Poso River (94·4% of total eel catch in the sampling area), Poso Lake (93·3%), three small inlet rivers of Tomini Bay (100%) and Laa River (92·3%). Anguilla celebesensis occurred frequently in the inlet rivers of Poso Lake (63·5%). Anguilla bicolor pacifica and Anguilla interioris were rare (1.5 and 0.4%, respectively). Otolith Sr:Ca ratio electron-probe micro analysis (EPMA) for individual migratory histories revealed that 15 A. celebesensis caught in Poso Lake and its inlet rivers were categorized into 14 river eels (Sr:Ca < 2·5) showing upstream migration seemingly at their elver stage and only one sea eel (Sr:Ca ≥ 6·0) that stayed in the marine habitat for the majority of its life after recruiting to Sulawesi Island before its late upstream migration. In A. marmorata, 19 examined eels from Poso Lake and its inlet rivers were all river eels, while 17 eels from the lower reaches of Poso River were two river eels, six sea eels and nine estuarine eels (2·5 ≤ Sr:Ca < 6·0) that mostly lived in the brackish water. The sex ratio of A. celebesensis was highly skewed towards a dominance of females (99%). In A. marmorata, females were predominant in Poso Lake (95·2%), its inlet rivers (94·7%) and Laa River (100%), while males were more frequent in the lower reaches of Poso River (76·5%) and small inlet rivers of Tomini Bay (94·1%). These results indicate that the riverine distribution pattern of tropical eels differs among species and between sexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seishi Hagihara
- College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, Fujisawa, Japan
| | - Jun Aoyama
- International Coastal Research Center, Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute, The University of Tokyo, Iwate, Japan
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86
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Hsiung KM, Kimura S, Han YS, Takeshige A, Iizuka Y. Effect of ENSO events on larval and juvenile duration and transport of Japanese eel ( Anguilla japonica). PLoS One 2018; 13:e0195544. [PMID: 29634730 PMCID: PMC5892931 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0195544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2017] [Accepted: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Spawning ground of Japanese eel (Anguilla japonica) is located near the West Mariana Ridge seamount. The species travels through the North Equatorial Current (NEC) and then enters the Kuroshio Current (KC) on the migration toward East Asian growth habitats. Therefore, El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events serve as the potentially important drivers of interannual variability across the equatorial Pacific. Because the NEC bifurcation and salinity profiles are related to ENSO events, we investigated the influence of locations of the NEC bifurcation and salinity front on the success of larval entry to the KC by numerically modeling particle transport in ocean currents from 1972 to 2013 and possible effects on the size of glass eels at continental recruitment and, via otolithometry on the duration of larval migration. Circulation and hydrography used for particle tracking were obtained from the results of the Model for Interdisciplinary Research on Climate (MIROC) high-resolution forecasting experiment. Our results demonstrated that during El Niño years, (1) the southward movement of the salinity front might cause the larvae to experience slower currents and (2) the northward movement of the NEC bifurcation might broaden the separation between their spawning ground and NEC bifurcation, thus prolonging the time needed for the larvae to enter the KC from their spawning ground, because of which the duration of entrainment in the water column and body size increase when eels reach estuarine waters. In addition, this might cause more water to flow into the Mindanao Current (MC), leading to a decline in the rate at which larvae get entrained into the KC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuan-Mei Hsiung
- Graduate School of Frontier Sciences/Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute, The University of Tokyo, Chiba, Japan
- Institute of Fisheries Science and Department of Life Science, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- * E-mail:
| | - Shingo Kimura
- Graduate School of Frontier Sciences/Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute, The University of Tokyo, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yu-San Han
- Institute of Fisheries Science and Department of Life Science, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Aigo Takeshige
- Graduate School of Frontier Sciences/Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute, The University of Tokyo, Chiba, Japan
- National Research Institute of Far Seas Fisheries, Fisheries Research Center, Kanagawa, Japan
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87
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Franco ME, Sutherland GE, Lavado R. Xenobiotic metabolism in the fish hepatic cell lines Hepa-E1 and RTH-149, and the gill cell lines RTgill-W1 and G1B: Biomarkers of CYP450 activity and oxidative stress. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2018; 206-207:32-40. [PMID: 29496489 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2018.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Revised: 02/23/2018] [Accepted: 02/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The use of fish cell cultures has proven to be an effective tool in the study of environmental and aquatic toxicology. Valuable information can be obtained from comparisons between cell lines from different species and organs. In the present study, specific chemicals were used and biomarkers (e.g. 7-Ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD) activity and reactive oxygen species (ROS)) were measured to assess the metabolic capabilities and cytotoxicity of the fish hepatic cell lines Hepa-E1 and RTH-149, and the fish gill cell lines RTgill-W1 and G1B. These cell lines were exposed to β-naphthoflavone (BNF) and benzo[a]pyrene (BaP), the pharmaceutical tamoxifen (TMX), and the organic peroxide tert-butylhydroperoxide (tBHP). Cytotoxicity in gill cell lines was significantly higher than in hepatic cells, with BNF and TMX being the most toxic compounds. CYP1-like associated activity, measured through EROD activity, was only detected in hepatic cells; Hepa-E1 cells showed the highest activity after exposure to both BNF and BaP. Significantly higher levels of CYP3A-like activity were also observed in Hepa-E1 cells exposed to TMX, while gill cell lines presented the lowest levels. Measurements of ROS and antioxidant enzymes indicated that peroxide levels were higher in gill cell lines in general. However, levels of superoxide were significantly higher in RTH-149 cells, where no distinctive increase of superoxide-related antioxidants was observed. The present study demonstrates the importance of selecting adequate cell lines in measuring specific metabolic parameters and provides strong evidence for the fish hepatocarcinoma Hepa-E1 cells to be an excellent alternative in assessing metabolism of xenobiotics, and in expanding the applicability of fish cell lines for in vitro studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco E Franco
- Department of Environmental Science, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76706, USA
| | - Grace E Sutherland
- Department of Environmental Science, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76706, USA
| | - Ramon Lavado
- Department of Environmental Science, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76706, USA.
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88
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Yada T, Mekuchi M, Ojima N. Molecular biology and functional genomics of immune-endocrine interactions in the Japanese eel, Anguilla japonica. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2018; 257:272-279. [PMID: 29108728 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2017.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2017] [Revised: 10/03/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Immune-endocrine interactions are an important pathogen resistance mechanism in fish. We review the immune-endocrine interactions in the Japanese eel, Anguilla japonica, with special reference to high throughput gene sequencing. These data may be relevant to the significant decrease in the eel harvest in recent years and will aid in the selection of appropriate disease-resistant strains for aquaculture. More than 1000 sequences that whose expression in elvers responded to air exposure were identified through comprehensive gene expression analysis using next-generation sequencing. These included transcription factors within the MAPK pathway. Significant changes in expression after air exposure were detected by quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis in many genes related to disease resistance. These factors include innate immune system factors and cytokines that interact with the endocrine system during the stress response. Other applications of immune-endocrine interactions in eel culture are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Yada
- Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, National Research Institute of Fisheries Science, Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency, Nikko, Japan.
| | - Miyuki Mekuchi
- Research Center for Bioinformatics and Biosciences, National Research Institute of Fisheries Science, Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Nobuhiko Ojima
- Research Center for Bioinformatics and Biosciences, National Research Institute of Fisheries Science, Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency, Yokohama, Japan
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89
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Thomson-Laing G, Jasoni CL, Lokman PM. The effects of migratory stage and 11-ketotestosterone on the expression of rod opsin genes in the shortfinned eel ( Anguilla australis). Gen Comp Endocrinol 2018; 257:211-219. [PMID: 28666855 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2017.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2017] [Revised: 06/04/2017] [Accepted: 06/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The androgen 11-ketotestosterone (11KT) can induce many of the changes associated with silvering, i.e., the transformation of a non-migrating 'yellow' eel into a migrating 'silver' eel. We posited that plasticity in spectral sensitivity of the eye, accompanied by expression of different opsins in the retina during silvering, is controlled by 11KT. To test this hypothesis, mRNA levels of freshwater (fwo) and seawater (swo) opsins and of the two androgen receptors (ara and arb) in retinas of wild-caught female shortfinned eels, Anguilla australis were compared. Swo expression was much higher (3-4 orders of magnitude) and fwo expression substantially lower in silver than in yellow eels, whereas mRNA levels of both ars did not differ between stages. Yellow eel retinas exposed to 11KT in vitro exhibited a robust dose-dependent increase in swo, but weak decreasing effects on fwo transcript abundance were inconsistent. Similarly, increased retinal swo expression was seen after in vivo treatment of yellow eels with 11KT implants, whereas expression of fwo remained unaffected. Lastly, co-treatment with 11KT and the androgen receptor blocker flutamide was undertaken to determine whether 11KT exerts its effects through nuclear androgen receptors. Flutamide did not block 11KT-affected expression of any target gene, neither in vivo nor in vitro. We conclude that 11KT greatly increases the abundance of swo, identifying the androgen as an important regulator of the opsin switch during silvering in freshwater eels.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Christine L Jasoni
- Department of Anatomy, Centre for Neuroendocrinology, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
| | - P Mark Lokman
- Department of Zoology, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
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90
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Chiesa LM, Nobile M, Pasquale E, Balzaretti C, Cagnardi P, Tedesco D, Panseri S, Arioli F. Detection of perfluoroalkyl acids and sulphonates in Italian eel samples by HPLC-HRMS Orbitrap. Chemosphere 2018; 193:358-364. [PMID: 29149712 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.10.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Revised: 10/06/2017] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) contain one or more carbon-bound hydrogens substituted by fluorine. Since the 1950s, these compounds have been used to manufacture fat- and water-resistant fabrics, paper and food containers, and to produce photographic films, firefighting foams, detergents and insecticides. The widespread use and global distribution of PFASs, have led to their accumulation in the environment. Food, particularly fish and other seafood, is considered the main route of human exposure to PFASs. Consequently, the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) recommends that more data be collected, to build a database on the contamination levels of the individual PFASs in food, to evaluate a reliable chronic risk to the European consumers. This requires high-sensitivity analytical methods, to increase the number of quantifiable samples and, thereby, improve the credibility of exposure assessments. In this context, the aim of the present research is to develop and validate a sensitive and specific method based on high-performance liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry (HPLC-HRMS) analysis, to monitor the presence of 16 PFASs in Italian eels (Anguilla anguilla) from the Italian Lake Garda. The detection limits (CCα) and detection capability (CCβ) in the order of pg g-1, the recoveries between 80 and 101% and the other validation parameters fulfilled the requirements of Commission Decision 657/2002/EC. The identification and quantification of PFASs, up to 11 in the same sample, showed a similar distribution among 90 eels. Perfluorooctane sulphonic acid (PFOS) and perfluorobutanoic acid (PFBA) were the analytes more frequently found in the eel samples (94 and 82%, respectively).
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Maria Chiesa
- Department of Health, Animal Science and Food Safety, University of Milan, Via Celoria 10, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Nobile
- Department of Health, Animal Science and Food Safety, University of Milan, Via Celoria 10, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Elisa Pasquale
- Department of Health, Animal Science and Food Safety, University of Milan, Via Celoria 10, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Claudia Balzaretti
- Department of Health, Animal Science and Food Safety, University of Milan, Via Celoria 10, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Petra Cagnardi
- Department of Health, Animal Science and Food Safety, University of Milan, Via Celoria 10, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Doriana Tedesco
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Policies, University of Milan, Via Celoria 10, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Sara Panseri
- Department of Health, Animal Science and Food Safety, University of Milan, Via Celoria 10, 20133, Milan, Italy.
| | - Francesco Arioli
- Department of Health, Animal Science and Food Safety, University of Milan, Via Celoria 10, 20133, Milan, Italy
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91
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Vo NTK, Seymour CB, Mothersill CE. Dose rate effects of low-LET ionizing radiation on fish cells. Radiat Environ Biophys 2017; 56:433-441. [PMID: 28780694 DOI: 10.1007/s00411-017-0706-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2017] [Accepted: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Radiobiological responses of a highly clonogenic fish cell line, eelB, to low-LET ionizing radiation and effects of dose rates were studied. In acute exposure to 0.1-12 Gy of gamma rays, eelB's cell survival curve displayed a linear-quadratic (LQ) relationship. In the LQ model, α, β, and α/β ratio were 0.0024, 0.037, and 0.065, respectively; for the first time that these values were reported for fish cells. In the multi-target model, n, D o, and D q values were determined to be 4.42, 2.16, and 3.21 Gy, respectively, and were the smallest among fish cell lines being examined to date. The mitochondrial potential response to gamma radiation in eelB cells was at least biphasic: mitochondria hyperpolarized 2 h and then depolarized 5 h post-irradiation. Upon receiving gamma rays with a total dose of 5 Gy, dose rates (ranging between 83 and 1366 mGy/min) had different effects on the clonogenic survival but not the mitochondrial potential. The clonogenic survival was significantly higher at the lowest dose rate of 83 mGy/min than at the other higher dose rates. Upon continuous irradiation with beta particles from tritium at 0.5, 5, 50, and 500 mGy/day for 7 days, mitochondria significantly depolarized at the three higher dose rates. Clearly, dose rates had differential effects on the clonogenic survival of and mitochondrial membrane potential in fish cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen T K Vo
- Radiation Sciences Program, School of Graduate and Postdoctoral Studies, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
| | - Colin B Seymour
- Radiation Sciences Program, School of Graduate and Postdoctoral Studies, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Carmel E Mothersill
- Radiation Sciences Program, School of Graduate and Postdoctoral Studies, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
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92
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Nguyen TT, Jin Y, Kiełpińska J, Bergmann SM, Lenk M, Panicz R. Detection of Herpesvirus anguillae (AngHV-1) in European eel Anguilla anguilla (L.) originating from northern Poland-assessment of suitability of selected diagnostic methods. J Fish Dis 2017; 40:1717-1723. [PMID: 28836663 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.12689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Revised: 06/18/2017] [Accepted: 06/21/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The Community Action Plan requests EU member states to implement measures that ensure the recovery of the severely depleted European eel stocks. One of the main threats is posed by Anguillid herpesvirus 1 (AngHV-1) leading to increased mortality in both wild and farmed eels. Following recommendations of the OIE to minimize the risk of obtaining false-negative results, the main aim of the study was to optimize diagnostic methods for AngHV-1 detection using conventional PCR, nested PCR and in situ hybridization assay. While 53.3% of the individual organ samples were tested positive for AngHV-1 by PCR, the additional virus analysis via nested PCR revealed that the actual prevalence was 93.3%. In the cell cultivation passages, a cytopathic effect was hardly found in the first two rounds. In the third passage onto cell cultures, a lytic CPE was detected. The identification and confirmation of the viruses obtained from cell cultures as well as directly from the organ tissues were proceeded by PCR, nested PCR and sequencing of the PCR products. While no positive signal was detectable in the first round by PCR using samples from the third cell culture passages, the nested PCR provided weak but visible positive signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuan Thuc Nguyen
- Department of Aquaculture, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland
- Faculty of Agriculture-Forestry-Fisheries, Vinh University, Vinh City, Nghe An province, Vietnam
| | - Yeonhwa Jin
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Institute of Infectology, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Jolanta Kiełpińska
- Department of Aquaculture, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Sven M Bergmann
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Institute of Infectology, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Matthias Lenk
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Institute of Infectology, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Remigiusz Panicz
- Department of Meat Sciences, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland
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93
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Kullmann B, Adamek M, Steinhagen D, Thiel R. Anthropogenic spreading of anguillid herpesvirus 1 by stocking of infected farmed European eels, Anguilla anguilla (L.), in the Schlei fjord in northern Germany. J Fish Dis 2017; 40:1695-1706. [PMID: 28452055 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.12637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2017] [Revised: 02/23/2017] [Accepted: 02/23/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The Schlei fjord in northern Germany is the recipient water of a comprehensive eel, Anguilla anguilla (L.), stocking programme. Since 2015, stocked eels become alizarin red S marked, but to date no control mechanism is implemented in this stock enhancement measure to prevent anthropogenic spreading of diseases. Consequentially, it was possible that farmed stocking cohorts of 2015 and 2016 (in total ca. 1040 kg) were subsequently tested positive for anguillid herpesvirus 1 (AngHV 1). For this study, 100 eels [total length (TL) 24.3-72.9 cm, age ca. 1-6 years] were caught in 2016 and investigated with regard to AngHV 1 infection, parasite load (Anguillicoloides crassus) and body conditions. 68% of the eels were found to be virus positive while larger specimens were more often infected. In addition, a fitted generalized linear model (area under the curve = 0.741) demonstrated that an increase in individual TL is accompanied with an increased risk of clinically relevant virus loads. Anguillicoloides crassus turned out to be an important stressor for eels, because parasite and virus load revealed a significant positive correlation. The results of this study evidently show the urgent need of a disease containment strategy for eel stocking programmes.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Kullmann
- Center of Natural History, Zoological Museum, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - M Adamek
- Fish Disease Research Unit, Institute for Parasitology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - D Steinhagen
- Fish Disease Research Unit, Institute for Parasitology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - R Thiel
- Center of Natural History, Zoological Museum, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
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94
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JARECKA L. Cycle évolutif à un seul hôte intermédiaire chez Bothriocephalus claviceps. (Goeze, 1782), Cestode de Anguilla anguilla L. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 39:149-56. [PMID: 14220586 DOI: 10.1051/parasite/1964392149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
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95
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Bosi G, Giari L, DePasquale JA, Carosi A, Lorenzoni M, Dezfuli BS. Protective responses of intestinal mucous cells in a range of fish-helminth systems. J Fish Dis 2017; 40:1001-1014. [PMID: 28026022 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.12576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2016] [Revised: 10/07/2016] [Accepted: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Histopathological, immunofluorescence and ultrastructural studies were conducted on the intestines of four fish species infected with different taxa of enteric helminths. Brown trout (Salmo trutta trutta), eel (Anguilla anguilla) and tench (Tinca tinca) obtained from Lake Piediluco (central Italy) were examined. Brown trout and eel were infected with two species of acanthocephalans, and tench was parasitized with a tapeworm species. In addition to the above site, specimens of chub (Squalius cephalus) and brown trout infected with an acanthocephalan were examined from the River Brenta (north Italy). Moreover, eels were examined from a brackish water, Comacchio lagoons (north Italy), where one digenean species was the predominant enteric worm. All the helminths species induced a similar response, the hyperplasia of the intestinal mucous cells, particularly of those secreting acid mucins. Local endocrine signals seemed to affect the production and secretion of mucus in the parasitized fish, as worms often were surrounded by an adherent mucus layer or blanket. This is the first quantitative report of enteric worm effects on the density of various mucous cell types and on the mucus composition in intestine of infected/uninfected conspecifics. We provide a global comparison between the several fish-helminth systems examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Bosi
- Department of Veterinary Sciences and Technologies for Food Safety, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - L Giari
- Department of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | | | - A Carosi
- Department of Cellular and Environmental Biology, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - M Lorenzoni
- Department of Cellular and Environmental Biology, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - B Sayyaf Dezfuli
- Department of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
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96
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McHugh KJ, Weyl OLF, Smit NJ. Parasite diversity of African longfin eel Anguilla mossambica Peters with comments on host response to the monogenean Pseudodactylogyrus anguillae (Yin and Sproston). J Fish Dis 2017; 40:959-961. [PMID: 27723106 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.12560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2016] [Revised: 08/22/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- K J McHugh
- Water Research Group (Ecology), Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
- South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity, Grahamstown, South Africa
| | - O L F Weyl
- South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity, Grahamstown, South Africa
| | - N J Smit
- Water Research Group (Ecology), Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
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97
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Esteve C, Merchán R, Alcaide E. An outbreak of Shewanella putrefaciens group in wild eels Anguilla anguilla L. favoured by hypoxic aquatic environments. J Fish Dis 2017; 40:929-939. [PMID: 27982438 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.12574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Revised: 10/05/2016] [Accepted: 10/05/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Microbiological analyses were conducted on wild eels from the L'Albufera Lake (Spain). A total of 174 individuals were collected in two surveys (i.e. year 2008 and autumn-winter 2014) among those caught by local fishermen into the lagoon. The prevalence of Shewanella putrefaciens group was 1.7% in 2008 and rose above 32% in 2014. It was due to an outbreak of shewanellosis that presented a morbidity rate of 64%. S. putrefaciens group strains were isolated as pure cultures from the sick eels that showed white ulcers surrounded by a reddish inflammation, damage of the mouth, extensive skin discoloration, exophthalmia, ascites and bad odour. The S. putrefaciens group was recovered from freshwater samples taken at the L'Albufera system, along autumn-winter 2015. Its counts significantly increased in freshwater parallel to hypoxia and temperature rising. Shewanellae strains were identified as S. putrefaciens and S. xiamenensis by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. These isolates recovered from sick eels or freshwater were virulent for European eel by IP challenge (LD50 106 CFU g-1 body weight). They also caused 30-38% cumulative mortality, in European eels challenged by a 2-h bath (107 CFU mL-1 ). These results suggest that shewanellosis could be transmitted through water highlighting the fact that hypoxic conditions increase this bacterium levels in water.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Esteve
- Departamento de Microbiología y Ecología, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - R Merchán
- Departamento de Microbiología y Ecología, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - E Alcaide
- Departamento de Microbiología y Ecología, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
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98
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Vo NTK, Sokeechand BSH, Seymour CB, Mothersill CE. Characterizing responses to gamma radiation by a highly clonogenic fish brain endothelial cell line. Environ Res 2017; 156:297-305. [PMID: 28376375 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2017.03.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Revised: 03/25/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The clonogenic property and radiobiological responses of a fish brain endothelial cell line, eelB, derived from the American eel were studied. METHODS Clonogenic assays were performed to determine the plating efficiency of the eelB cells and to evaluate the clonogenic survival fractions after direct irradiation to low-dose low-LET gamma radiation or receiving irradiated cell conditioned medium in the bystander effect experiments. RESULT eelB had the second highest plating efficiency ever reported to date for fish cell lines. Large eelB macroscopic colonies could be formed in a short period of time and were easy to identify and count. Unlike with other fish clonogenic cell lines, which had a relatively slow proliferation profile, clonogenic assays with the eelB cells could be completed as early as 12 days in culture. After direct irradiation with gamma rays at low doses ranging from 0.1Gy to 5Gy, the dose-clonogenic survival curve of the eelB cell line showed a linear trend and did not develop a shoulder region. A classical radio-adaptive response was not induced with the clonogenic survival endpoint when the priming dose (0.1 or 0.5Gy) was delivered 6h before the challenge dose (3 or 5Gy). However, a radio-adaptive response was observed in progeny cells that survived 5Gy and developed lethal mutations. eelB appeared to lack the ability to produce damaging radiation-induced bystander signals on both eelB and HaCaT recipient cells. CONCLUSION eelB cell line could be a very useful cell model in the study of radiation impacts on the aquatic health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen T K Vo
- Radiation Sciences Program, School of Graduate and Postdoctoral Studies, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
| | - Bibi S H Sokeechand
- Radiation Sciences Program, School of Graduate and Postdoctoral Studies, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Colin B Seymour
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
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99
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Cohen A, Ross NW, Smith PM, Fawcett JP. Analysis of 17β-estradiol, estriol and estrone in American eel ( Anguilla rostrata) tissue samples using liquid chromatography coupled to electrospray differential ion mobility tandem mass spectrometry. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 2017; 31:842-850. [PMID: 28295771 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.7853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2016] [Revised: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/05/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE 17β-Estradiol (E2), estrone (E1) and estriol (E3) are steroid hormones responsible for the regulation of the female reproductive system. Estradiol is planned to be used to feminize eels in aquaculture in order to improve their size and marketability. The residual levels of these hormones in fish tissue must be monitored to meet the requirements of food regulatory agencies. Few studies have studied these hormones in complex biological matrices such as fish tissue. METHODS We developed a method to analyze E1, E2 and E3 in fish tissue using liquid chromatography in combination with differential ion mobility spectrometry (DMS) and tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS). The mass spectrometer was operated in negative polarity selected reaction monitoring (SRM) mode. To test the performance of this method, residual levels of E1, E2 and E3 were measured in the muscle tissue of juvenile eels subjected to feminization treatment with E2. RESULTS We report that following 17β-estradiol treatment, E2 is rapidly metabolized from the eel tissue, with a 50% depletion rate per day. Five days post-treatment, E2 returned to the level found in non-treated controls, similar to levels found in wild mature female eels. CONCLUSIONS The method presented herein allows the quantitative analysis of E1, E2 and E3 in fish tissue samples. Under the experimental conditions, E2 in fish tissue samples returned to physiological levels post hormonal treatment. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Cohen
- Proteomics and Mass Spectrometry Core Facility, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, 5850 College Street, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada, B3H 4R2
| | - Neil W Ross
- NovaEel Inc., 2161 Armcrescent E Dr., Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada, B3H 4R2
- Department of Biology, Dalhousie University, 1355 Oxford St., Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada, B3H 4R2
| | - Paul M Smith
- NovaEel Inc., 2161 Armcrescent E Dr., Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada, B3H 4R2
| | - James P Fawcett
- Proteomics and Mass Spectrometry Core Facility, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, 5850 College Street, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada, B3H 4R2
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, 5850 College Street, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada, B3H 4R2
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, 5850 College Street, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada, B3H 4R2
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100
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Feng J, Lin P, Guo S, Jia Y, Wang Y, Zadlock F, Zhang Z. Identification and characterization of a novel conserved 46 kD maltoporin of Aeromonas hydrophila as a versatile vaccine candidate in European eel ( Anguilla anguilla). Fish Shellfish Immunol 2017; 64:93-103. [PMID: 28279793 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2017.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Revised: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 03/04/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
European eel (Anguilla anguilla) is a crucial economic fish that has been plagued by Aeromonas hydrophila infections for many years. Vaccines that are cross-protective against multiple serotypes could provide an effective control against A. hydrophila-mediated diseases. The outer membrane proteins (OMPs) are highly immunogenic and capable of eliciting protective immune responses. This study reports the identification of a novel 46 kD maltoporin that is a conserved protective antigen for different serotypes of A. hydrophila. First, this study purified OMPs from the strains of A. hydrophila B10, B11, B12, B15, B19, and B20. Western blot analysis revealed that the 46 kD maltoporin of B11 could be strongly reacted with all the specific European eel antisera against the above OMPs from different serotypes A. hydrophila. Cloning and sequencing of the maltoporin revealed that it contains an open reading frame (ORF) of 1281 nucleotides encoding 426 amino acids. Further sequence alignment analysis using the NCBI Conserved Domain Database (CDD) along with performing three-dimensional structure analysis showed that this protein belongs to maltoporin family. Three different study groups of European eels were intraperitoneal injected with one of the following conditions: phosphate-buffered saline (PBS group), formaline-killed-whole-cell (FKC) of A. hydrophila (FKC group) or with the recombinant maltoporin (OMP group) to analyze the immunogenicity of the recombinant maltoporin purified by nickel chelate affinity chromatography. On 14, 21, 28 and 42 days post-vaccination respectively, proliferation of the whole blood cells, titers of specific antibody, and lysozyme activities of experimental eels were detected. On 28d post-vaccination, eels from the three groups were challenged by intraperitoneal injection with five different live strains of A. hydrophila (B10, B11, B15, B19, and B20). The results showed that the proliferation of whole blood cells in the OMP group was significantly enhanced on 14d and the serum antibody titers of vaccinated European eels in FKC and OMP group were significantly increased on 28d and 42d. Lysozyme activities in serum were significantly up-regulated in FKC and OMP groups on 21d. The relative percent survival (RPS) of OMP group challenged by A. hydrophila B10, B11, and B20 was 75%, 62.5%, and 88%. This was higher than the corresponding RPS of FKC group with 50%, 37.5%, and 66%, respectively. The RPS was up to 100% in both OMP and FKC group when challenged by A. hydrophila B15 and B19. These results indicate that the 46 kD maltoporin is an effective potent vaccine candidate against different serotypes of A. hydrophila.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianjun Feng
- College of Fisheries, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, Fujian Province, China; Engineer Research Center of Eel Modern Industry Technology, Ministry of Education, China; Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, China.
| | - Peng Lin
- College of Fisheries, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, Fujian Province, China; Engineer Research Center of Eel Modern Industry Technology, Ministry of Education, China; Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, China
| | - Songlin Guo
- College of Fisheries, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, Fujian Province, China; Engineer Research Center of Eel Modern Industry Technology, Ministry of Education, China; Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, China
| | - Yuanyuan Jia
- College of Fisheries, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, Fujian Province, China; Engineer Research Center of Eel Modern Industry Technology, Ministry of Education, China; Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, China
| | - Yilei Wang
- College of Fisheries, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, Fujian Province, China; Engineer Research Center of Eel Modern Industry Technology, Ministry of Education, China; Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, China
| | - Frank Zadlock
- Department of Biological Science, Seton Hall University, South Orange, NJ, USA
| | - Ziping Zhang
- College of Animal Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
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