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Wang K, Onodera SI, Saito M, Shimizu Y. Assessment of nitrogen budget in detailed spatial pattern using high precision modeling approach with constructed accurate agricultural behavior. Sci Total Environ 2024; 912:169631. [PMID: 38157916 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Changes in the nitrogen cycle due to fertilizer use can cause severe environmental pollution, particularly groundwater pollution, and threaten biosphere integrity. There are many difficulties and limitations in assessing groundwater pollution and a detailed nitrogen budget in an agricultural catchment. Previous methodologies have failed in an accurate assessment of the nitrogen budget in detailed spatial patterns. Herein, we designed a new modeling approach to assess the nitrogen budget using detailed spatial patterns in an agricultural catchment in the Nara Basin. We revised the Soil and Water Assessment Tool file output format, added the results for river nutrient concentrations and ammonia volatilization to the original output file. In this study, we calibrated and validated crop harvests, paddy evapotranspiration, streamflow, and river water concentrations of nitrate-nitrogen and total nitrogen to improve model accuracy as much as possible. Among them, data for evapotranspiration was obtained from a newly released Landsat dataset. The results showed that the amount of nitrogen leaching in rice paddies was 42 kg/ha, accounting for 65 % of total leaching in the study catchment. Cambisols and Fluvic Gleysols were prone to denitrification, and nitrogen leaching or denitrification occurred relatively more readily in low-slope areas. Furthermore, a detailed analysis of nitrogen cycle processes with high spatial precision indicates that areas with severe surface water pollution may also exhibit significant groundwater pollution. Our findings provide new solutions for assessing the nitrogen budget and groundwater pollution in catchments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunyang Wang
- Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-7-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8521, Japan.
| | - Shin-Ichi Onodera
- Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-7-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8521, Japan
| | - Mitsuyo Saito
- Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-7-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8521, Japan.
| | - Yuta Shimizu
- Western Region Agricultural Research Center, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, 6-12-1 Nishifukatsu-cho, Fukuyama-shi 721-8514, Hiroshima, Japan
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102
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Mushtaq N, Farooqi A, Khattak JA, Hussain I, Mailloux B, Bostick BC, Nghiem A, Ellis T, van Geen A. Elevated arsenic concentrations in groundwater of the Upper Indus Plain of Pakistan across a range of redox conditions. Sci Total Environ 2024; 912:168574. [PMID: 38000757 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
Groundwater of the Ravi River floodplain is particularly elevated in arsenic (As) on both sides of the Pakistan-India border. To understand this pattern, 14 sites were drilled to 12-30 m depth across floodplains and doabs of Pakistan after testing over 20,000 wells. Drill cuttings were collected at 1.5 m intervals, 132 of which were sand overlain by 77 intervals of clay and/or silt. Radiocarbon dating of clay indicates deposition of the aquifer sands tapped by wells 20-30 kyr ago. Most (85 %) of the sand samples were gray in color, indicating partial reduction to Fe(II) oxides, whereas most (92 %) of the clay and/or silt samples were orange. Associations between groundwater electrical conductivity, dissolved Fe, sulfate, and nitrate suggest that wells can be elevated (>10 μg/L) in As in the region due to either reductive dissolution of Fe oxides, evaporative concentration, or alkali desorption. In the Ravi floodplain, 47 % of 6445 wells tested contain >10 μg/L As compared to only 9 % of 14,165 tested wells in other floodplains and doabs. The As content of aquifer sands in the Ravi floodplain of Pakistan averages 4 ± 4 mg/kg (n = 66) and is higher than the average of 2 ± 2 mg/kg (n = 51) for aquifer sands outside the Ravi. Synchrotron spectroscopy and column-based speciation indicate predominance of As(V) over As(III) in both aquifer sands and groundwater. Whereas multiple processes may be responsible for elevated levels of As in groundwater across the region, spatial heterogeneity in groundwater As concentrations in the Ravi floodplain seems linked to variations in As concentrations in aquifer sands. Regulation by the solid phase may limit variations in groundwater As over time in response to natural and human-induced changes in hydrology. This means spatial heterogeneity could be taken advantage of to lower the exposure across the region with more testing and targeted drilling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nisbah Mushtaq
- Environmental Hydrogeochemistry Laboratory, Department of Environmental Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Abida Farooqi
- Environmental Hydrogeochemistry Laboratory, Department of Environmental Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan.
| | - Junaid Ali Khattak
- Environmental Hydrogeochemistry Laboratory, Department of Environmental Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Ishtiaque Hussain
- Environmental Hydrogeochemistry Laboratory, Department of Environmental Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Brian Mailloux
- Environmental Sciences Department, Barnard College, New York, USA
| | | | - Athena Nghiem
- Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University, New York, USA
| | - Tyler Ellis
- Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University, New York, USA
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103
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Chen H, Qian L. Performance of field demonstration nanoscale zero-valent iron in groundwater remediation: A review. Sci Total Environ 2024; 912:169268. [PMID: 38081425 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
Nanoscale zero-valent iron (nZVI) has gained widespread usage in groundwater remediation due to its exceptional reactivity. Since its initial deployment in field demonstrations in 2001, nZVI has proven to be an effective nanomaterial for addressing groundwater contaminants. Subsequent research has highlighted the versatility of nZVI, showcasing its potential to overcome critical limitations associated with conventional remediation technologies. The effectiveness of nZVI in remediation varies, contingent on factors such as the type of nZVI, contaminant nature, site conditions, and injection methodologies employed. This review aims to present a comprehensive progress report on the field application of nZVI spanning 22 years across eight countries. Drawing from a database encompassing 32 pilot or full-scale remediation sites, the study delineates the various types of nZVI, modification methods, demonstration sites, and primary contaminants targeted in field tests. Specific attention is given to the application effects and mechanisms of unmodified nZVI, Pd, surfactants, and carbon-modified nZVI in diverse field demonstrations. An analysis of the key factors influencing their performance is provided, and potential future applications of nZVI in groundwater remediation are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huali Chen
- Jiangsu Open University, Nanjing 210036, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Linbo Qian
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, Jiangsu Province, China.
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104
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Sakizadeh M, Zhang C, Milewski A. Spatial distribution pattern and health risk of groundwater contamination by cadmium, manganese, lead and nitrate in groundwater of an arid area. Environ Geochem Health 2024; 46:80. [PMID: 38367130 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-023-01845-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
Combining the results of base models to create a meta-model is one of the ensemble approaches known as stacking. In this study, stacking of five base learners, including eXtreme gradient boosting, random forest, feed-forward neural networks, generalized linear models with Lasso or Elastic Net regularization, and support vector machines, was used to study the spatial variation of Mn, Cd, Pb, and nitrate in Qom-Kahak Aquifers, Iran. The stacking strategy proved to be an effective substitute predictor for existing machine learning approaches due to its high accuracy and stability when compared to individual learners. Contrarily, there was not any best-performing base model for all of the involved parameters. For instance, in the case of cadmium, random forest produced the best results, with adjusted R2 and RMSE of 0.108 and 0.014, as opposed to 0.337 and 0.013 obtained by the stacking method. The Mn and Cd showed a tight link with phosphate by the redundancy analysis (RDA). This demonstrates the effect of phosphate fertilizers on agricultural operations. In order to analyze the causes of groundwater pollution, spatial methodologies can be used with multivariate analytic techniques, such as RDA, to help uncover hidden sources of contamination that would otherwise go undetected. Lead has a larger health risk than nitrate, according to the probabilistic health risk assessment, which found that 34.4% and 6.3% of the simulated values for children and adults, respectively, were higher than HQ = 1. Furthermore, cadmium exposure risk affected 84% of children and 47% of adults in the research area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad Sakizadeh
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Shahid Rajaee Teacher Training University, Lavizan, 1678815811, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Chaosheng Zhang
- International Network for Environment and Health (INEH), School of Geography, Archaeology and Irish Studies, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Adam Milewski
- Department of Geology, University of Georgia, Athens, USA
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105
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Conte LO, Cotillas S, Lorenzo D, Bahamonde A, Santos A. Solar-assisted oxidation of organochlorine pesticides in groundwater using persulfate and ferrioxalate. Environ Pollut 2024; 343:123205. [PMID: 38142033 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.123205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/25/2023]
Abstract
The oxidation of hexachlorocyclohexane isomers in the aqueous phase (Milli-Q and groundwater) was studied using persulfate activated by ferrioxalate and solar light at circumneutral pH. The experiments were conducted in a solar simulator reactor with local radiation fluxes qw= 1.12·10-7 E cm-2s-1 and in compound parabolic collectors with solar light (qw≈10-7 E cm-2s-1) for 390 min. The effect of activator dosage (18-125 μM ferrioxalate) and persulfate concentration (520-2600 μM) on hexachlorocyclohexane conversion and oxalate and oxidant consumption was analyzed. Conversion of about 95% of β isomer was achieved at 390 min using 1300 μM of initial persulfate and 63 μM of Fe3+ concentration despite this β isomer being the most recalcitrant to oxidation (XHexachlorocyclohexanes=0.98). Dechlorination above 80% was achieved under these conditions, analyzing the chlorides released into the water. The influence of chloride and bicarbonate on hexachlorocyclohexanes degradation was analyzed in milli-Q water and in groundwater. Hexachlorocyclohexane conversion at 390 min decreases from 98% to 83, 75 and 65% in the presence of chloride, bicarbonate or groundwater, respectively. Results obtained with compound parabolic collectors and solar light using 2600 μM Na2S2O8 and 63 μM Fe for removing hexachlorocyclohexanes agreed with those from the solar simulator reactor, supporting using solar light to activate persulfate for sustainable abatement of persistent organic pollutants in aqueous matrixes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leandro O Conte
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials, Faculty of Chemical Sciences, Complutense University of Madrid, Avenida Complutense s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Desarrollo Tecnológico para la Industria Química (INTEC), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) and Universidad Nacional del Litoral (UNL), Ruta Nacional N 168, 3000, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Salvador Cotillas
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials, Faculty of Chemical Sciences, Complutense University of Madrid, Avenida Complutense s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - David Lorenzo
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials, Faculty of Chemical Sciences, Complutense University of Madrid, Avenida Complutense s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Bahamonde
- Instituto de Catálisis y Petroleoquímica, ICP-CSIC, C/ Marie Curie 2, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Aurora Santos
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials, Faculty of Chemical Sciences, Complutense University of Madrid, Avenida Complutense s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
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106
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Tian H, Du Y, Deng Y, Sun X, Xu J, Gan Y, Wang Y. Identification of methane cycling pathways in Quaternary alluvial-lacustrine aquifers using multiple isotope and microbial indicators. Water Res 2024; 250:121027. [PMID: 38113595 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.121027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Groundwater rich in dissolved methane is often overlooked in the global or regional carbon cycle. Considering the knowledge gap in understanding the biogeochemical behavior of methane in shallow aquifers, particularly those in humid alluvial-lacustrine plains with high organic carbon content, we investigated methane sources and cycling pathways in groundwater systems at the central Yangtze River basins. Composition of multiple stable isotopes (2H/18O in water, 13C in dissolved inorganic carbon, 13C/2H in methane, and 13C in carbon dioxide) was combined with the characteristics of microbes and dissolved organic matter (DOM) in the study. The results revealed significant concentrations of biogenic methane reaching up to 13.05 mg/L in anaerobic groundwater environments with abundant organic matter. Different pathways for methane cycling (methanogenic CO2-reduction and acetate-fermentation, and methane oxidation) were identified. CO2-reduction dominated acetate-fermentation in the two methanogenic pathways primarily associated with humic DOM, while methane oxidation was more closely associated with microbially derived DOM. The abundance of obligate CO2-reduction microorganisms (Methanobacterium and Methanoregula) was higher in samples with substantial CO2-reduction, as indicated by isotopic composition. The obligate acetate-fermentation microorganism (Methanosaeta) was more abundant in samples exhibiting evident acetate-fermentation. Additionally, a high abundance of Candidatus Methanoperedens was identified in samples with apparent methane oxidation. Comparing our findings with those in other areas, we found that various factors, such as groundwater temperature, DOM abundance and types, and hydrogeological conditions, may lead to differences in groundwater methane cycling. This study offered a new perspective and understanding of methane cycling in worldwide shallow alluvial-lacustrine aquifer systems without geothermal disturbance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Tian
- MOE Key Laboratory of Groundwater Quality and Health, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430078, China; School of Environmental Studies, State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430078, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Yangtze Catchment Environmental Aquatic Science, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430078, China
| | - Yao Du
- MOE Key Laboratory of Groundwater Quality and Health, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430078, China; School of Environmental Studies, State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430078, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Yangtze Catchment Environmental Aquatic Science, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430078, China.
| | - Yamin Deng
- MOE Key Laboratory of Groundwater Quality and Health, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430078, China; School of Environmental Studies, State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430078, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Yangtze Catchment Environmental Aquatic Science, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430078, China
| | - Xiaoliang Sun
- MOE Key Laboratory of Groundwater Quality and Health, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430078, China; School of Environmental Studies, State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430078, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Yangtze Catchment Environmental Aquatic Science, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430078, China
| | - Jiawen Xu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Groundwater Quality and Health, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430078, China; School of Environmental Studies, State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430078, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Yangtze Catchment Environmental Aquatic Science, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430078, China
| | - Yiqun Gan
- MOE Key Laboratory of Groundwater Quality and Health, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430078, China; School of Environmental Studies, State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430078, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Yangtze Catchment Environmental Aquatic Science, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430078, China
| | - Yanxin Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Groundwater Quality and Health, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430078, China; School of Environmental Studies, State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430078, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Yangtze Catchment Environmental Aquatic Science, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430078, China
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107
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Ayyamperumal R, Muthusamy B, Huang X, Chengjun Z, Nazir N, Li F. Spatial distribution and seasonal variation of trace hazardous elements contamination in the coastal environment. Environ Res 2024; 243:117780. [PMID: 38056613 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.117780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Groundwater is the second largest water source for daily consumption, only next to surface water resources. Groundwater has been extensively investigated for its pollution level in urban areas. The groundwater quality assessments in industrial areas associated with every urban landscape are still lacking. In order to examine the spatial distribution characteristics, pollution levels, and sources of trace metals in the densely populated Chennai coastal region of Tamilnadu, India, physicochemical parameters and trace element concentrations have been determined in groundwater. 55 groundwater samples from Tamil Nadu's coastal region were collected and analyzed for physicochemical parameters such as pH, (EC), (TDS), and (TH) during the pre-monsoon (June 2015) and post-monsoon (January 2016) seasons. We used trace elements and analyzed them in this study (Mg, Zn, Pb, Ni, Co, Cu, Cr, and Fe). Furthermore, anthropogenic input from industries and power plants exacerbates the pollution of Ni, Mg, Fe, and Mn. Due to evaporites and anthropogenic input, samples with excessive salinity, total hardness, and water quality are considered unsuitable for irrigation or drinking. The results demonstrated that seasonal, geogenic, and anthropogenic influences all have a significant impact on the heterogeneous chemistry of groundwater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramamoorthy Ayyamperumal
- MOE Key Laboratory of Mineral Resources in Western China, College of Earth Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, 730000, PR China; MOE Key Laboratory of Western China's Environmental System, College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, PR China
| | - Balasubramanian Muthusamy
- Department of Applied Geology, School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai, Tamilnadu, 600 025, India
| | - Xiaozhong Huang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Western China's Environmental System, College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, PR China
| | - Zhang Chengjun
- MOE Key Laboratory of Mineral Resources in Western China, College of Earth Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, 730000, PR China
| | - Nusrat Nazir
- MOE Key Laboratory of Mineral Resources in Western China, College of Earth Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, 730000, PR China
| | - Fengjie Li
- School of History and Culture, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 73000, PR China
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108
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Xiong Y, Du Y, Liu Z, Deng Y, Ma T, Li Q, Wang Y. Characteristics of dissolved organic matter contribute to Geogenic ammonium enrichment in coastal versus alluvial-lacustrine aquifers. Water Res 2024; 250:121025. [PMID: 38113593 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.121025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Elevated concentration levels of geogenic ammonium in groundwater arise from the mineralization of nitrogen-containing natural organic matter in various geological settings worldwide, especially in alluvial-lacustrine and coastal environments. However, the difference in enrichment mechanisms of geogenic ammonium between these two types of aquifers remains poorly understood. To address this knowledge gap, we investigated two representative aquifer systems in central Yangtze (Dongting Lake Plain, DTP) and southern China (Pearl River Delta, PRD) with contrasting geogenic ammonium contents. The use of optical and molecular characterization of DOM combined with hydrochemistry and stable carbon isotopes has revealed differences in DOM between the two types of aquifer systems and revealed contrasting controls of DOM on ammonium enrichment. The results indicated higher humification and degradation of DOM in DTP groundwater, characterized by abundant highly unsaturated compounds. The degradation of DOM and nitrogen-containing DOM was dominated by highly unsaturated compounds and CHO+N molecular formulas in highly unsaturated compounds, respectively. In contrast, the DOM in PRD groundwater was more biogenic, less degraded, and contained more aliphatic compounds in addition to highly unsaturated compounds. The degradation of DOM and nitrogen-containing DOM was dominated by aliphatic compounds and polyphenols and CHO+N molecular formulas in highly unsaturated compounds and polyphenols, respectively. As DOM degraded, the ammonium production efficiency of DOM decreased, contributing to lower ammonium concentrations in DTP groundwater. In addition, the CHO+N(SP) molecular formulas were mainly of microbial-derived and gradually accumulated with DOM degradation. In this study, we conducted the first comprehensive investigation into the patterns of groundwater ammonium enrichment based on DOM differences in various geological settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaojin Xiong
- MOE Key Laboratory of Groundwater Quality and Health, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430078, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Source Apportionment and Control of Aquatic Pollution, School of Environmental Studies & State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430078, China
| | - Yao Du
- MOE Key Laboratory of Groundwater Quality and Health, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430078, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Source Apportionment and Control of Aquatic Pollution, School of Environmental Studies & State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430078, China.
| | - Zhaohui Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Groundwater Quality and Health, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430078, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Source Apportionment and Control of Aquatic Pollution, School of Environmental Studies & State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430078, China
| | - Yamin Deng
- MOE Key Laboratory of Groundwater Quality and Health, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430078, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Source Apportionment and Control of Aquatic Pollution, School of Environmental Studies & State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430078, China
| | - Teng Ma
- MOE Key Laboratory of Groundwater Quality and Health, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430078, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Source Apportionment and Control of Aquatic Pollution, School of Environmental Studies & State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430078, China
| | - Qinghua Li
- Wuhan Center of China Geological Survey, Wuhan 430205, China
| | - Yanxin Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Groundwater Quality and Health, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430078, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Source Apportionment and Control of Aquatic Pollution, School of Environmental Studies & State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430078, China
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109
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Yu W, Zheng T, Guo B, Tao Y, Liu L, Yan N, Zheng X. Coupling of polyhydroxybutyrate and zero-valent iron for enhanced treatment of nitrate pollution within the Permeable Reactive Barrier and its downgradient aquifer. Water Res 2024; 250:121060. [PMID: 38181646 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.121060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
Permeable Reactive Barriers (PRBs) have been utilized for mitigating nitrate pollution in groundwater systems through the use of solid carbon and iron fillers that release diverse nutrients to enhance denitrification efficiency. We conduct laboratory column tests to evaluate the effectiveness of PRBs in remediating nitrate pollution both within the PRB and in the downgradient aquifer. We use an iron-carbon hydrogel (ICH) as PRB filler, which has different weight ratios of polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) and microscale zero-valent iron (mZVI). Results reveal that denitrification in the downgradient aquifer accounts for at least 19.5 % to 32.5 % of the total nitrate removal. In the ICH, a higher ratio of PHB to mZVI leads to higher contribution of the downgradient aquifer to nitrate removal, while a lower ratio results in smaller contribution. Microbial community analysis further reveals that heterotrophic and mixotrophic bacteria dominate in the downgradient aquifer of the PRB, and their relative abundance increases with a higher ratio of PHB to mZVI in the ICH. Within the PRB, autotrophic and iron-reducing bacteria are more prevalent, and their abundance increases as the ratio of PHB to mZVI in the ICH decreases. These findings emphasize the downgradient aquifer's substantial role in nitrate removal, particularly driven by dissolved organic carbon provided by PHB. This research holds significant implications for nutrient waste management, including the prevention of secondary pollution, and the development of cost-effective PRBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhao Yu
- Key Lab of Marine Environmental Science and Ecology, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, PR China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Geological Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Tianyuan Zheng
- Key Lab of Marine Environmental Science and Ecology, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, PR China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Geological Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China.
| | - Bo Guo
- Department of Hydrology and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA.
| | - Yiheng Tao
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ08544, USA
| | - Lecheng Liu
- Key Lab of Marine Environmental Science and Ecology, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, PR China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Geological Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Ni Yan
- Key Lab of Marine Environmental Science and Ecology, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, PR China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Geological Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Xilai Zheng
- Key Lab of Marine Environmental Science and Ecology, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, PR China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Geological Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
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110
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Schumacher BA, Zimmerman JH, Williams AC, Lutes CC, Holton CW, Escobar E, Hayes H, Warrier R. Distribution of select per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances at a chemical manufacturing plant. J Hazard Mater 2024; 464:133025. [PMID: 37995636 PMCID: PMC10734402 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.133025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are used in various industrial products; however, they pose serious health risks. In this study, soil, soil gas, and groundwater samples were collected at a PFAS manufacturing facility in New Jersey, USA, to determine the presence and distribution of PFASs from the soil surface to groundwater and at various distances from the presumed source. Fluorotelomer alcohols (FTOHs) were detected in soil (< 0.26-36.15 ng/g) and soil gas (160-12,000 E µg/m3), while perfluorinated carboxylic acids (PFCAs) were found in soil (4.3-810 ng/g), soil gas (<0.10-180 µg/m3), and groundwater (37-49 µg/L). FTOH and PFCA concentrations decreased as the distance from the presumed source increased, suggesting that PFCAs are likely to migrate in groundwater, whereas FTOHs primarily move in the vapor phase. The presence of PFAS in the groundwater, soil, and soil gas samples indicate its potential for vapor intrusion; thus, some PFAS may contribute to indoor air inhalation exposure. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on the quantification of volatile PFAS in soil gas at a PFAS manufacturing facility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian A Schumacher
- US EPA Office of Research and Development (ORD), Center for Environmental Measurement & Modeling, 960 College Station Road, Athens, GA 30605, USA.
| | - John H Zimmerman
- US EPA ORD, Center for Environmental Measurement & Modeling, 109 T.W. Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA
| | - Alan C Williams
- US EPA ORD, Center for Environmental Measurement & Modeling, 109 T.W. Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA
| | | | - Chase W Holton
- Geosyntec Consultants, 5670 Greenwood Plaza Blvd, Greenwood Village, CO 80111, USA
| | - Elsy Escobar
- Jacobs, 2001 Market Street, Suite 900, Philadelphia, PA 19103, USA
| | - Heidi Hayes
- Eurofins Air Toxics, LLC, 180 Blue Ravine Road, Suite B, Folsom, CA 95630, USA
| | - Rohit Warrier
- Research Triangle Institute, International, 3040 East Cornwallis Road, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
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111
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Cha J, Lee JY, Lee J. Effects of groundwater sample volume on identified microplastics in groundwater of an agricultural area in Korea. Sci Total Environ 2024; 911:168650. [PMID: 37979868 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/20/2023]
Abstract
Groundwater serves various purposes worldwide, including agricultural, drinking, domestic, and industrial uses. In the Republic of Korea, groundwater is used primarily for agricultural purpose. Understanding the quality of groundwater is crucial because microplastics (MPs) can enter groundwater through agricultural activities and potentially pose harm to humans. Therefore, groundwater sampling plays a vital role in determining the presence of MPs. However, the optimal volume of groundwater sampling required for accurate MP assessment remains uncertain. This study examined the optimal sample size for collecting MPs from groundwater in the heavy agricultural area of the Haean Basin, Korea. Groundwater sampling and MP analyses were conducted during the wet and dry seasons of 2022. A total of 500 L of groundwater was continuously sampled in increments of 100 L to 500 L (100, 200, 300, 400, and 500 L). Additionally, we investigated the land use surrounding the sampling wells and the predominant types of plastics used in agriculture. To ensure reliable MP analysis, precautions were taken to minimize plastic contact during sampling, pretreatment, and μ-FTIR analysis. The concentration of MPs in groundwater ranged from 0.04 to 17.77 particles/L during the wet season and from 0 to 0.56 particles/L during the dry season. The highest concentration of MPs was observed at the first 100 L sample volume, with concentrations decreasing as the sampling volume increased. Fragmented particles accounted for 86.3 % during the wet season and 91.5 % during the dry season, whereas fibers constituted 13.7 and 8.5 %, respectively. MPs in the size range of 20-100 μm were predominant in both seasons. The polymers identified in both seasons were polypropylene (PP), polyethylene (PE), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), and polyamide (PA). While some studies suggest that 500 L is the optimal sample volume for assessing MPs in groundwater, the findings of this study indicate that a larger sample volume may be necessary. This study was the first attempt to determine the optimum sample volume required to collect MPs from groundwater, emphasizing the importance of conducting further research to validate these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihye Cha
- Department of Geology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea; Research on Microplastics in Groundwater (RMPG), Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Yong Lee
- Department of Geology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea; Research on Microplastics in Groundwater (RMPG), Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jejung Lee
- School of Science and Engineering, University of Missouri-Kansas City, MO 64110, USA
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112
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Chinyem FI. Determination of aquifer hydraulic parameters and groundwater protective capacity in parts of Nsukwa clan, Nigeria. Environ Monit Assess 2024; 196:243. [PMID: 38326694 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-024-12411-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
The goal of this study is to determine aquifer parameters and groundwater protective capacity in parts of the Nsukwa clan using geoelectric and pumping test methods. Seventeen vertical electrical soundings were acquired to determine the geoelectric properties, while two wells were drilled to determine the lithology and the aquifer parameters of the area. The result showed that the lithology comprised lateritic topsoil and sand, fine sand, medium sand, and coarse sand, respectively. Geoelectric data interpretation using Win Resist software revealed a close correlation with the well record. Geoelectric data analysis indicated that prolific aquifer can be sourced within the third and fourth layers, located within 24.2-43.8 m and comprised medium to coarse sand. The aquifer resistivity ranged from 703.1 to 26,367.7 Ωm. The Dar Zarrouk parameters, such as transverse resistance (R) and longitudinal conductance (S), were applied to determine the aquifer transmissivity (T) and hydraulic conductivity (K). The computed T and K from geoelectric sounding ranged from 11.37 to 34.79 m2/day, with a mean value of 18.51 m2/day and 0.8243 m/day, respectively, while the T and K values from the pumping test are 18.58 m2/day and 0.8251 m/day, respectively. S and R values ranged from 0.001179 to 0.0131619 Ω-1 and 2434 to 102,090 Ωm2, respectively, revealing a poor aquifer protective capacity and moderate yield. The storativity and storage coefficient of the aquifer values of 0.0023 and 0.072 m2/min, respectively, revealed a confined aquifer capable of providing sufficient water to the people. These findings showed moderate aquifer potential with poor protective capacity; thus, adequate aquifer protective strategies are recommended.
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113
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Geiger MJ, Morrison JM, Carmack DJ, Lockwood-O'Brien SY, Stagliano MC, Karrer TA. A high-throughput small volume matrix based calibration using isotope dilution liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry analysis for 42 per and polyfluoroalkyl substances in groundwater. J Chromatogr A 2024; 1716:464633. [PMID: 38246069 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2024.464633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
A novel method for the determination of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in groundwater is presented using a subsample, matrix-matched calibrators, 96-well plate solid phase extraction (SPE), and ultra-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). Accuracy, precision, measurement of uncertainty (MOU), method detection limit (MDL), method quantitation limit (MQL), analytical measurement range, interferences/ion suppression, and analyte stability were determined as part of the in-house method validation. The method quantitates 42 PFAS compounds from nine different compound classes. Accuracy for the reference material (RM) and matrix spike (MS) ranged from 52.3 to 117.8 %, and precision for the MS and matrix spike duplicate (MSD) had a coefficient of variation (CV) from 2.0 % to 23.3 %. MDLs spanned from 0.07 to 1.97 ng L-1, with MQLs ranging from 0.20 to 5.90 ng L-1. Suppression studies determined that iron and manganese have effects on analytes that do not have paired isotopically labeled standards. The results from the in-house validation indicated that this Michigan Department of Health and Human Services laboratory developed test meets the necessary accuracy, precision, MDL, MQL and reporting limits requirement established by the laboratory's quality system essentials (QSEs) and select criteria from the Department of Defense (DoD) Quality Systems Manual for Environmental Laboratories and American Industrial Hygiene Association Laboratory Accreditation Program, LLC (AIHA LAP, LLC) accrediting International Standard Organization (ISO/IEC 17025:2017) check list.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Geiger
- Michigan Department of Health and Human Services, Bureau of Laboratories, Lansing, MI 48906, USA; University of South Florida candidate for Doctor of Public Health (DrPH) in Public Health and Clinical Laboratory Science and Practice, 4202 E. Flower Ave, Tampa, FL 33620, USA.
| | - Jessica M Morrison
- Michigan Department of Health and Human Services, Bureau of Laboratories, Lansing, MI 48906, USA
| | - Douglas J Carmack
- Michigan Department of Health and Human Services, Bureau of Laboratories, Lansing, MI 48906, USA
| | - Sarah Y Lockwood-O'Brien
- Michigan Department of Health and Human Services, Bureau of Laboratories, Lansing, MI 48906, USA
| | - Michael C Stagliano
- Michigan Department of Health and Human Services, Bureau of Laboratories, Lansing, MI 48906, USA
| | - Timothy A Karrer
- Michigan Department of Health and Human Services, Bureau of Laboratories, Lansing, MI 48906, USA
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114
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Mufalo W, Arima T, Igarashi T, Ito M, Sato T, Tomiyama S, Nyambe I, Tabelin CB, Nakata H, Nakayama S, Ishizuka M. Insights on hazardous metal bioaccessibility, and groundwater impacted by Zn residues from a legacy mine and risk evaluation of adjacent soils. Environ Geochem Health 2024; 46:64. [PMID: 38319371 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-024-01864-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
This study explored the legacy impact of Zinc plant residues (ZPRs) in Kabwe, Zambia, on the environment and human health, particularly in light of the town's reputation for Pb pollution. ZPRs solid samples and groundwater within and around ZPRs zone were collected from the legacy mine, along with soils in a 10 km radius from the mine site. Bioaccessible fractions of Pb and Zn were elucidated by Japanese leaching test (JLT) and simple bioaccessibility extraction test (SBET). Cationic speciation of Pb and Zn from inhalable and ingestible ZPRs particles was investigated via sequential extraction. Groundwater in the ZPRs area showed higher Zn levels (1490 mg/L) compared to Pb (1.7 mg/L). Elevated Zn concentration were facilitated by the presence of soluble Zn sulfates while Pb was constrained due to its precipitation as anglesite. Groundwater sampled outside the ZPRs area was within the Zambia regulatory limits (< 0.5 mg/L for Pb and < 1 mg/L for Zn). Inhalation exposure to < 30 µm dust particles from ZPRs and soils near the mine indicated negligible risk, with < 3% of bioaccessible Pb in artificial lysosomal fluid. Meanwhile, oral intake of ZPRs particles < 250 µm revealed elevated bioaccessible fractions (36% for Pb and 70% for Zn). ZPRs cationic speciation of ingestible particles < 30 µm, 30-75 µm, 75-150 µm and 150-250 µm indicated that the bioaccessible Pb predominantly emanated from labile Pb fractions under gastric conditions with pH < 1. This was due to the dissolution of Pb associated with the exchangeable phase, carbonates and iron/manganese oxides; however, only exchangeable/carbonate Pb was bioaccessible at pH < 2. Hazard quotients indicated increased risks of Pb intoxication through the ingestion of ZPRs and soils near the legacy mine, with higher risks observed in children, emphasizing the need to remediate legacy mine wastes to reduce health risks and protect groundwater through monitoring in mining-affected regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walubita Mufalo
- Division of Sustainable Resources Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-8628, Japan.
| | - Takahiko Arima
- Division of Sustainable Resources Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-8628, Japan
| | - Toshifumi Igarashi
- Division of Sustainable Resources Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-8628, Japan
| | - Mayumi Ito
- Division of Sustainable Resources Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-8628, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Sato
- Division of Sustainable Resources Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-8628, Japan
| | - Shingo Tomiyama
- Division of Sustainable Resources Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-8628, Japan
| | - Imasiku Nyambe
- IWRM Centre/Geology Department, School of Mines, The University of Zambia, Lusaka, 32379, Zambia
| | - Carlito Baltazar Tabelin
- Department of Materials and Resources Engineering Technology, Mindanao State University-Iligan Institute of Technology, 9200, Iligan City, Philippines
| | - Hokuto Nakata
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 18, Nishi 9, Kita-Ku, Sapporo, 060-0818, Japan
| | - Shouta Nakayama
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 18, Nishi 9, Kita-Ku, Sapporo, 060-0818, Japan
- Biomedical Sciences Department, School of Veterinary Medicine, The University of Zambia, P.O. Box 32379, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Mayumi Ishizuka
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 18, Nishi 9, Kita-Ku, Sapporo, 060-0818, Japan
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115
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Hiscock KM, Balashova N, Cooper RJ, Bradford P, Patrick J, Hullis M. Developing managed aquifer recharge (MAR) to augment irrigation water resources in the sand and gravel (Crag) aquifer of coastal Suffolk, UK. J Environ Manage 2024; 351:119639. [PMID: 38056326 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.119639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Managed aquifer recharge (MAR) offers a potential innovative solution for addressing groundwater resource issues, enabling excess surface water to be stored underground for later abstraction. Given its favourable hydrogeological properties, the Pliocene sand and gravel (Crag) aquifer in Suffolk, UK, was selected for a demonstration MAR scheme, with the goal of supplying additional summer irrigation water. The recharge source was a 4.6 km drainage channel that discharges to the River Deben estuary. Trialling the scheme in June 2022, 12,262 m3 of source water were recharged to the aquifer over 12 days via a lagoon and an array of 565 m of buried slotted pipes. Groundwater levels were raised by 0.3 m at the centre of the recharge mound with an approximate radius of 250 m, with no detrimental impact on local water features observed. The source water quality remained stable during the trial with a mean chloride concentration (133 mg L-1) below the regulatory requirement (165 mg L-1). The fraction of recharge water mixing with the groundwater ranged from 69% close to the centre and 5% at the boundary of the recharge mound, leading to a reduction in nitrate-N concentration of 23.6 mg L-1 at the centre of the mound. During July-September 2022, 12,301 m3 of recharge water were abstracted from two, 18 m boreholes to supplement surface irrigation reservoirs during drought conditions. However, the hydraulic conductivity of the Crag aquifer (∼10 m day-1) restricted the yield and thereby reduced the economic viability of the scheme. Construction costs for the MAR system were comparatively low but the high costs of data collection and securing regulatory permits brought the overall capital costs to within 18% of an equivalent surface storage reservoir, demonstrating that market-based mechanisms and more streamlined regulatory processes are required to incentivise similar MAR schemes.
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Affiliation(s)
- K M Hiscock
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK.
| | - N Balashova
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK
| | - R J Cooper
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK
| | - P Bradford
- Felixstowe Hydrocycle Ltd, Unit 3b, Tuddenham Road Business Centre, Tuddenham Road, Grange Farm, Ipswich, IP4 3QN, UK
| | - J Patrick
- Felixstowe Hydrocycle Ltd, Unit 3b, Tuddenham Road Business Centre, Tuddenham Road, Grange Farm, Ipswich, IP4 3QN, UK
| | - M Hullis
- Growth, Highways and Infrastructure, Suffolk County Council, Endeavour House, Russell Road, Ipswich, IP1 2BX, UK
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116
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Elzain HE, Abdalla O, A Ahmed H, Kacimov A, Al-Maktoumi A, Al-Higgi K, Abdallah M, Yassin MA, Senapathi V. An innovative approach for predicting groundwater TDS using optimized ensemble machine learning algorithms at two levels of modeling strategy. J Environ Manage 2024; 351:119896. [PMID: 38171121 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.119896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Groundwater salinization in coastal aquifers is a major socioeconomic challenge in Oman and many other regions worldwide due to several anthropogenic activities and natural drivers. Therefore, assessing the salinization of groundwater resources is crucial to ensure the protection of water resources and sustainable management. The aim of this study is to apply a novel approach using predictive optimized ensemble trees-based (ETB) machine learning models, namely Catboost regression (CBR), Extra trees regression (ETR), and Bagging regression (BA), at two levels of modeling strategy for predicting groundwater TDS as an indicator for seawater intrusion in a coastal aquifer, Oman. At level 1, ETR and CBR models were used as base models or inputs for BA in level 2. The results show that the models at level 1 (i.e., ETR and CBR) yielded satisfactory results using a limited number of inputs (Cl, K, and Sr) from a few sets of 40 groundwater wells. The BA model at level 2 improved the overall performance of the modeling by extracting more information from ETR and CBR models at level 1 models. At level 2, the BA model achieved a significant improvement in accuracy (MSE = 0.0002, RSR = 0.062, R2 = 0.995 and NSE = 0.996) compared to each individual model of ETR (MSE = 0.0007, RSR = 0.245, R2 = 0.98 and NSE = 0.94), and CBR (MSE = 0.0035, RSR = 0.258, R2 = 0.933 and NSE = 0.934) at level 1 models in the testing dataset. BA model at level 2 outperformed all models regarding predictive accuracy, best generalization of new data, and matching the locations of the polluted and unpolluted wells. Our approach predicts groundwater TDS with high accuracy and thus provides early warnings of water quality deterioration along coastal aquifers which will improve water resources sustainability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hussam Eldin Elzain
- Water Research Center, Sultan Qaboos University, P.O. 50, Al Khoudh 123, Oman.
| | - Osman Abdalla
- Department of Earth Sciences, College of Science, Sultan Qaboos University, P.O. 36, Al Khoudh 123, Oman.
| | - Hamdi A Ahmed
- Department of Industrial and Data Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan, 48513, South Korea.
| | - Anvar Kacimov
- Department of Soils, Water and Agricultural Engineering, Sultan Qaboos University, P.O. 34, Al Khoudh 123, Oman.
| | - Ali Al-Maktoumi
- Water Research Center, Sultan Qaboos University, P.O. 50, Al Khoudh 123, Oman; Department of Soils, Water and Agricultural Engineering, Sultan Qaboos University, P.O. 34, Al Khoudh 123, Oman.
| | - Khalifa Al-Higgi
- Department of Earth Sciences, College of Science, Sultan Qaboos University, P.O. 36, Al Khoudh 123, Oman.
| | - Mohammed Abdallah
- College of Hydrology and Water Resources, Hohai University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210024, China.
| | - Mohamed A Yassin
- Interdisciplinary Research Centre for Membranes and Water Security, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia.
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Negrete Velasco A, Ellero A, Ramseier Gentile S, Zimmermann S, Ramaciotti P, Stoll S. Impact of a nanofiltration system on microplastic contamination in Geneva groundwater (Switzerland). Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2024; 31:13512-13522. [PMID: 38253831 PMCID: PMC10881595 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-31940-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Microplastics (MPs) have been observed in the oceans, fresh waters, karstic water and remote water bodies. However, little is known on groundwater contamination, which is a natural resource of utmost importance for millions of people and is often perceived as a reliable source of water. Moreover, nanofiltration is perceived as a reliable technology to remove contaminants from water. In this study, large sample volumes of a silty-sandy gravel aquifer and the corresponding nanofiltered water were analysed for the presence of MPs (> 20 µm) using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) microscopy. Concentration in ground water was 8 ± 7 MPs/m3 and increased to 36 ± 11 MPs/m3 in nanofiltered water. All MPs had a maximum Ferret diameter lower than 500 µm. Size distribution of MPs was towards the small size class (20-50 µm). In groundwater, 33% of MPs were detected in the smallest size class (20-50 µm) and 67% in the 50-100-µm-size class. In comparison, around 52% of MPs in nanofiltered water were observed in the 20-50 µm size class. Moreover, 33% of the MPs observed in nanofiltered water were in the 50-100 µm size class and 15% in the 100-500-µm-size class. From a chemical point of view, different plastic polymers were identified in groundwater and in nanofiltered water, such as polypropylene (PP), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), ethylene (vinyl acetate) copolymer (EVA), polyethylene (PE), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) and other polymer materials (such as polystyrene-based copolymers, vinyl-based copolymers). Fibres were observed in all samples, but only a small number of fibres (near 1%) were identified as PP synthetic fibres in nanofiltered water. Furthermore, no clear difference of fibre concentrations was observed between groundwater (232 ± 127 fibres/m3) and nanofiltered water (247 ± 118 fibres/m3). Groundwater had extremely low levels of microplastics, and although the nanofiltration effectively removes suspended particulate matter, it slightly contaminates the filtered water with MPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angel Negrete Velasco
- Department F.-A. Forel for Environmental and Aquatic Sciences, Faculty of Science, Group of Environmental Physical Chemistry, University of Geneva, 66, Boulevard Carl-Vogt, CH-1211, Geneva 4, Switzerland.
| | - Alicia Ellero
- SIG, Industrial Boards of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | - Serge Stoll
- Department F.-A. Forel for Environmental and Aquatic Sciences, Faculty of Science, Group of Environmental Physical Chemistry, University of Geneva, 66, Boulevard Carl-Vogt, CH-1211, Geneva 4, Switzerland
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118
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Kamal MA, Alhotan RA, Al Sulaiman AR, Hussein EO, Galik B, Saleh AA. From source to house: unraveling the seasonal effect of water distribution system on drinking water quality of poultry farms under Egyptian environmental condition. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2024; 31:12966-12977. [PMID: 38236566 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-31911-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Improvements in drinking water quality (DWQ) can lead, according to some estimates, to a 10% reduction of the world's disease load. The drinking water distribution system (DWDS) plays a crucial role in influencing DWQ and can contribute to the emergence of poultry-related epidemics. This study aims to monitor the variations in DWQ throughout the seasons within the DWDS of Egyptian poultry farms experiencing epidemics. The study assessed DWQ at four different points along the DWDS, including the water source (WS), water tank (WT), broiler drinker (BD), and layer drinker (LD), across 86 farms. Statistical analysis was employed to establish correlations between DWQ and the sampling points within the DWDS, as well as between water temperature (Tw.C°), ambient temperature (Ta.C°), and microbial DWQ. The survey revealed significant differences between Tw.C° and Ta.C°, with notable effect sizes (d = 0.89-1). Additionally, the results revealed significant differences in physicochemical DWQ between WS and house drinkers (HD), with medium to large effect sizes (d = 0.56-0.85). Furthermore, significant differences were identified in microbial DWQ between winter and summer, with a small to large effect size (d = 0.40-0.87). Notably, we recorded significant differences in microbial DWQ between WS and WT, with a small to medium effect size (d = 0.40-0.61), and between WT and BD, with a small to medium effect size (d = 0.48-0.53). Additionally, we found significant differences in microbial DWQ between WS and LD, with a medium effect size (d = 0.59-0.68). In conclusion, Tw.C° is influenced by seasonal variations in Ta.C°. While the physicochemical DWQ was unaffected by seasonal temperature variations, it was significantly impacted by the DWDS from WS to HD. In contrast, the microbial DWQ was strongly influenced by both seasonal temperature changes and DWDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Abdelhameed Kamal
- Department of Veterinary Hygiene and Management, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, 11221, Egypt
| | - Rashed A Alhotan
- Department of Animal Production, College of Food & Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, P. O. Box 2460, 11451, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali R Al Sulaiman
- Department of Animal Production, College of Food & Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, P. O. Box 2460, 11451, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Elsayed Osman Hussein
- AlKhumasia for Feed and Animal, Products Riyadh - Olaya - Al Aqareyah 2 - Office 705, PO 8344, 11982, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Branislav Galik
- Institute of Nutrition and Genomics, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Trieda A. Hlinku 2, 94976, Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Ahmed Ali Saleh
- Department of Poultry Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh, 333516, Egypt.
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119
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Kim JG, Kim HB, Jeong WG, Lee KH, Baek K. Electrochemical oxidation and mechanism of sulfanilamide from groundwater in a flow-through system using carbon fiber (CF) anode. Chemosphere 2024; 349:140817. [PMID: 38040260 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
Metal-based anodes have been used for a long time in the electrochemical oxidation processes to remediate groundwater. However, the high cost of this technique as well as the release of potentially toxic metals (ex, lead), are major barriers being fully implemented. As an alternative of metal-based anodes, in recent years, carbon-based anodes have been paid attention due to their eco-friendliness and cost-effectiveness. This study evaluated the oxidation performance of carbon fiber (CF) anode in a flow-through system. The CF anode degraded 45-87% of the target pollutant (sulfanilamide), depending on the current intensity applied. However, no further degradation of sulfanilamide was observed after the cathode, indicating that sulfanilamide degradation occurred mainly at the anode. This study also determined the effect of electrolytes on electrochemical oxidation using chloride (Cl-), sulfate (SO42-), bicarbonate (CO3-), and synthetic groundwater. Cl- and SO42- electrolytes were converted electrochemically into active species, thereby enhancing sulfanilamide degradation, while the bicarbonate and groundwater electrolytes inhibited oxidation performance by scavenging hydroxyl radicals. A series of scavenger tests and characterization showed that the direct oxidation and hydroxyl radicals involved the sulfanilamide degradation. Especially, the production of hydroxyl radicals is more favorable in high currents than in low currents. That is, CF anode contributed to the degradation by direct oxidation of carbon-based electrodes and generation of hydroxyl radicals. In summary, this study highlights how a CF anode is capable of effectively degrading organic pollutants via anodic oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong-Gook Kim
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, 02115, MA, USA; Department of Environment and Energy (BK21 FOUR) and Soil Environment Research Center, Jeonbuk National University, 567 Baekje-daero, Deokjin, Jeonju, Jeollabukdo, 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Bin Kim
- Water Cycle Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Gune Jeong
- Department of Environment and Energy (BK21 FOUR) and Soil Environment Research Center, Jeonbuk National University, 567 Baekje-daero, Deokjin, Jeonju, Jeollabukdo, 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Keun-Heon Lee
- Humas Co. Ltd., 26-77 Gajeongbuk-ro, Jang-dong, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Kitae Baek
- Department of Environment and Energy (BK21 FOUR) and Soil Environment Research Center, Jeonbuk National University, 567 Baekje-daero, Deokjin, Jeonju, Jeollabukdo, 54896, Republic of Korea.
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Mei A, Wu X, Zeng Y, Zhu G, Zhao D, Zhang Y. Formation processes of groundwater in a non-ferrous metal mining city of China: Insights from hydrochemical and strontium isotope analyses. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2024; 31:15716-15732. [PMID: 38305969 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-32186-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Tongling is a significant non-ferrous metal mining city in China, which produces waste that negatively impacts the area's water environment. It is essential to comprehend the hydrochemical properties and formation processes of groundwater to safeguard and utilize it efficiently. We explored major ions, strontium, and its isotopes in water and river-bottom samples from the northern (i.e., A-A' section) and southern (i.e., B-B' section) areas. The hydrochemical facies show the mining activities have a greater impact on surface water than on groundwater. Groundwater hydrochemical formation results from several factors, with water-rock interaction and ion exchange being primary. Additionally, the dissolution of calcite, dolomite, and feldspar, oxidation of pyrite, and hydrolysis of carbonate minerals also impact the formation of groundwater chemistry. Our analysis of strontium and its isotopes indicates that carbonate dissolution primarily occurred in the recharge area; the runoff from the recharge to the discharge area results in the dissolution of certain silicate rocks; calcite dissolution sources account for > 70% contribution in both surface water and groundwater water-rock interactions, whereas silicate rock dissolution sources and dolomite dissolution sources account for < 30%. Due to changed order of dissolved carbonate and silicate minerals during groundwater flow, the distribution of strontium and its isotopes in the A-A' section is opposite to that in the B-B' section. The findings provide a basis for developing, utilizing, managing, and protecting groundwater resources, especially in similar mining areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aoshuang Mei
- National Engineering Research Center of Coal Mine Water Hazard Controlling, China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing), Beijing, 100083, China
- College of Geoscience and Surveying Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing), Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Xiong Wu
- School of Water Resources and Environment, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing, 100083, China.
| | - Yifan Zeng
- National Engineering Research Center of Coal Mine Water Hazard Controlling, China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing), Beijing, 100083, China
- College of Geoscience and Surveying Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing), Beijing, 100083, China
- Inner Mongolia Research Institute, University of Mining and Technology (Beijing), Ordos, 017000, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Ge Zhu
- Department of Hydrogeology and Environmental Geology, China Geological Survey, Beijing, 100011, China
| | - Di Zhao
- National Engineering Research Center of Coal Mine Water Hazard Controlling, China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing), Beijing, 100083, China
- College of Geoscience and Surveying Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing), Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Yuzhe Zhang
- School of Water Resources and Environment, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing, 100083, China
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Wang J, Zhang Y, Ding Y, Zhang Y, Xu W, Zhang X, Wang Y, Li D. Adaptive characteristics of indigenous microflora in an organically contaminated high salinity groundwater. Chemosphere 2024; 349:140951. [PMID: 38101485 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Salinity, a critical factor, could directly or indirectly affect the microbial community structure and diversity. Changes in salinity levels act as environmental filters that influence the transformation of key microbial species. This study investigates the adaptive characteristics of indigenous microflora in groundwater in relation to external organic pollutants under high salinity stress. A highly mineralized shallow groundwater in Northwest China was conducted as the study area, and six representative sampling points were chosen to explore the response of groundwater hydrochemical parameters and microflora, as well as to identify the tolerance mechanisms of indigenous microflora to combined pollution. The results revealed that the dominant genera found in high salinity groundwater contaminated with organic pollutants possess the remarkable ability to degrade such pollutants even under challenging high salinity conditions, including Halomonas, Pseudomonas, Halothiobacillus, Sphingomonas, Lutibacter, Aquabacterium, Thiomicrospira, Aequorivita, etc. The hydrochemical factors, including total dissolved solids (TDS), sulfide, nitrite, nitrate, oxidation reduction potential (ORP), NH3-N, Na, Fe, benzene series, phenols, and halogenated hydrocarbons, demonstrated a significant influence on microflora. High levels of sulphate and sulfide in groundwater can exhibit dual effects on microflora. On one hand, these compounds can inhibit the growth and metabolism of microorganisms. On the other hand, they can also serve as effective electron donors/receptors during the microbial degradation of organic pollutants. Microorganisms exhibit resilience to the inhibitory effects of high salinity and organic pollutants via a series of tolerance mechanisms, such as strengthening the extracellular membrane barrier, enhancing the synthesis of relevant enzymes, initiating novel biochemical reactions, improving cellular self-healing capabilities, responding to unfavorable environmental conditions by migration, and enhancing the S cycle for the microbial metabolism of organic pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jili Wang
- Key Lab of Groundwater Resources and Environment, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China; College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China; Institute of Water Resources and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Yuling Zhang
- Key Lab of Groundwater Resources and Environment, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China; College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China; Institute of Water Resources and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China.
| | - Yang Ding
- Key Lab of Groundwater Resources and Environment, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China; College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China; Institute of Water Resources and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Key Lab of Groundwater Resources and Environment, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China; College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China; Institute of Water Resources and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Weiqing Xu
- Key Lab of Groundwater Resources and Environment, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China; College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China; Institute of Water Resources and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Xinying Zhang
- Key Lab of Groundwater Resources and Environment, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China; College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China; Institute of Water Resources and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Yiliang Wang
- Key Lab of Groundwater Resources and Environment, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China; College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China; Institute of Water Resources and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Dong Li
- Key Lab of Groundwater Resources and Environment, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China; College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China; Institute of Water Resources and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
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Ersan MS, Wang B, Wong MS, Westerhoff P. Advanced oxidation processes may transform unknown PFAS in groundwater into known products. Chemosphere 2024; 349:140865. [PMID: 38048829 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023]
Abstract
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are a group of fluorinated organic contaminants classified as persistent in the aquatic environment. Early studies using targeted analysis approaches to evaluate the degradation of PFAS by advanced oxidation processes (AOP) in real water matrices may have been misinterpreted due to the presence of undetected or unknown PFAS in these matrices. The aims of the present study were to (1) screen selected commercially available AOPs (UV, UV + H2O2, O3/H2O2) and UV photocatalysis in a pilot system using commercially used and novel photocatalysts (TiO2, boron nitride [BN]) for removing PFAS contaminants and (2) evaluate their role on the conversion of non-detected/unknown to known PFAS compounds in real groundwater used as drinking water supplies. Results indicated that, while AOPs have the potential to achieve removal of the EPA method 533 target PFAS compounds (PFDA [100%], PFNA [100%], PFOA [85-94%], PFOS [25-100%], PFHxS [3-100%], PFPeS [100%], PFBS [100%]), AOPs transformed non-detected/unknown longer-chain PFAS compounds to detectable shorter-chain ones under very high-dose AOP operating conditions, leading to an increase in ∑PFAS concentration ranging from 95% to 340%. As emerging PFAS treatment processes transition from lab-scale investigations of target PFAS to pilot testing of real water matrices, studies will need to consider impact of the presence of non-target long-chain PFAS to transform into targeted PFAS compounds. A promising approach to address the potential risks and unforeseen consequences could involve an increased reliance on adsorbable organic fluorine (AOF) analysis before and after advanced oxidation process (AOP) treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmut S Ersan
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND, 58202, USA; School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287-5306, USA; Nanosystems Engineering Research Center for Nanotechnology-Enabled Water Treatment, Arizona State University, USA.
| | - Bo Wang
- Nanosystems Engineering Research Center for Nanotechnology-Enabled Water Treatment, Arizona State University, USA; Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Department of Environmental Engineering, Department of Chemistry, and Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
| | - Michael S Wong
- Nanosystems Engineering Research Center for Nanotechnology-Enabled Water Treatment, Arizona State University, USA; Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Department of Environmental Engineering, Department of Chemistry, and Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
| | - Paul Westerhoff
- School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287-5306, USA; Nanosystems Engineering Research Center for Nanotechnology-Enabled Water Treatment, Arizona State University, USA
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Uddin MG, Imran MH, Sajib AM, Hasan MA, Diganta MTM, Dabrowski T, Olbert AI, Moniruzzaman M. Assessment of human health risk from potentially toxic elements and predicting groundwater contamination using machine learning approaches. J Contam Hydrol 2024; 261:104307. [PMID: 38278020 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconhyd.2024.104307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
The Rooppur Nuclear Power Plant (RNPP) at Ishwardi, Bangladesh is planning to go into operation within 2024 and therefore, adjacent areas of RNPP is gaining adequate attention from the scientific community for environmental monitoring purposes especially for water resources management. However, there is a substantial lack of literature as well as environmental datasets for earlier years since very little was done at the beginning of the RNPP's construction phase. Therefore, this study was conducted to assess the potential toxic elements (PTEs) contamination in the groundwater and its associated health risk for residents at the adjacent part of the RNPP during the year of 2014-2015. For the purposes of achieving the aim of the study, groundwater samples were collected seasonally (dry and wet season) from nine sampling sites and afterwards analyzed for water quality indicators such as temperature (Temp.), pH, electrical conductivity (EC), total dissolved solid (TDS), total hardness (TH) and for PTEs including Iron (Fe), Manganese (Mn), Copper (Cu), Lead (Pb), Chromium (Cr), Cadmium (Cd) and Arsenic (As). This study adopted the newly developed Root Mean Square water quality index (RMS-WQI) model to assess the scenario of contamination from PTEs in groundwater whereas the human health risk assessment model was utilized to quantify the risk of toxicity from PTEs. In most of the sampling sites, PTEs concentration was found higher during the wet season than the dry season and Fe, Mn, Cd and As exceeded the guideline limit for drinking water. The RMS score mostly classified the groundwater in terms of PTEs contamination into "Fair" condition. The non-carcinogenic risks (expressed as Hazard Index-HI) revealed that around 44% and 89% of samples for adults and 67% and 100% of samples for children exceeded the threshold limit set by USEPA (HI > 1) and possessed risks through the oral pathway during dry and wet season, respectively. Furthermore, the calculated cumulative HI score was found higher for children than the adults throughout the study period. In terms of carcinogenic risk (CR) from PTEs, the magnitude of risk decreased following the pattern of Cr > As > Cd. Although the current study is based on old dataset, the findings might serve as a baseline for monitoring purposes to reduce future hazardous impact from the power plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Galal Uddin
- Civil Engineering, School of Engineering, College of Science and Engineering, University of Galway, Ireland; Ryan Institute, University of Galway, Ireland; MaREI Research Centre, University of Galway, Ireland; Eco-HydroInformatics Research Group (EHIRG), Civil Engineering, University of Galway, Ireland; Department of Geography and Environment, Jagannath University, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
| | - Md Hasan Imran
- Department of Environmental Science and Resource Management, Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University, Tangail 1902, Bangladesh
| | - Abdul Majed Sajib
- Civil Engineering, School of Engineering, College of Science and Engineering, University of Galway, Ireland; Ryan Institute, University of Galway, Ireland; MaREI Research Centre, University of Galway, Ireland; Eco-HydroInformatics Research Group (EHIRG), Civil Engineering, University of Galway, Ireland
| | - Md Abu Hasan
- Bangladesh Reference institute for Chemical Measurements (BRiCM), Dr. Qudrat-e-Khuda Road, Dhanmondi, Dhaka 1205, Bangladesh
| | - Mir Talas Mahammad Diganta
- Civil Engineering, School of Engineering, College of Science and Engineering, University of Galway, Ireland; Ryan Institute, University of Galway, Ireland; MaREI Research Centre, University of Galway, Ireland; Eco-HydroInformatics Research Group (EHIRG), Civil Engineering, University of Galway, Ireland
| | | | - Agnieszka I Olbert
- Civil Engineering, School of Engineering, College of Science and Engineering, University of Galway, Ireland; Ryan Institute, University of Galway, Ireland; MaREI Research Centre, University of Galway, Ireland; Eco-HydroInformatics Research Group (EHIRG), Civil Engineering, University of Galway, Ireland
| | - Md Moniruzzaman
- Department of Geography and Environment, Jagannath University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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Del Gaudio E, Stevenazzi S, Onorati G, Ducci D. Changes in geochemical and isotopic contents in groundwater before seismic events in Ischia Island (Italy). Chemosphere 2024; 349:140935. [PMID: 38086450 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
We analysed the hydrogeochemical and isotopic contents in groundwater for the period 2002-2020, in the Ischia Island, a volcanic island in Southern Italy, and compared them with seismic events that occurred in the same period. The study is based on a large hydrochemical database, which includes chemical (major and minor compounds, metals and trace elements) and isotopic analyses (δ18O and δ2H). For each of the 34 seismic events occurred in the studied period, we considered coordinates, date, time, depth and magnitude. To exclude the influence of meteorological variability on the hydrochemistry, we examined rainfall time series measured in four stations located in the island. Results show hydrogeochemical anomalies for some chemical elements observed months before the seismic events. Arsenic, electrical conductivity, chromium and vanadium have been identified as potentially affected by hydrogeochemical anomalies related to the earthquakes. The variations in stable isotopes (δ2H and δ18O) in groundwater also seem associated with the earthquakes. This study aims to contribute to the individuation of components in groundwater prone to register sudden changes related to seismic events and it highlights the need of a continuous and long-term hydrogeochemical monitoring in seismic areas. Indeed, the conclusions of this study must be further confirmed by a future continuous monitoring of major compounds, trace elements and isotopes in groundwater to evaluate the effective temporal coincidence/lag with the seismic events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Del Gaudio
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Civile, Edile e Ambientale, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy; Centro Interdipartimentale Ricerca "AMbiente" (C.I.R.AM.), Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Stefania Stevenazzi
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Civile, Edile e Ambientale, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy.
| | - Giuseppe Onorati
- Agenzia Regionale per la Protezione Ambientale della Campania (ARPAC), Naples, Italy
| | - Daniela Ducci
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Civile, Edile e Ambientale, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy
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Ratandeep, Dharmani AB, Verma M, Rani S, Narang A, Singh MR, Saya L, Hooda S. Unravelling groundwater contamination and health-related implications in semi-arid and cold regions of India. J Contam Hydrol 2024; 261:104303. [PMID: 38244426 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconhyd.2024.104303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
Groundwater, a vital global resource, is essential for sustaining life and various human activities. However, its quality and availability face increasing threats from both natural and human-induced factors. Widespread contamination, arising from both natural origins and human activities such as agriculture, industry, mining, improper waste disposal, and wastewater release, poses significant risks to human health and water security. India, known for its dense population and pronounced groundwater challenges, serves as a prominent case study. Notably, in most of its regions, groundwater resources have been found to be severely contaminated by various chemical, biological, and radioactive contaminants. This review presents an examination of contamination disparities across various states of semi-arid and cold regions, encompassing diverse assessment methods. The studies conducted in semi-arid regions of North, South, West, and East India highlight the consistent presence of fluorides and nitrates majorly, as well as heavy metals in some areas, with values exceeding the permissible limits recommended by both the Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) and the World Health Organization (WHO). These contaminants pose skeletal and dental threats, methemoglobinemia, and even cancer. Similarly, in cold regions, nitrate exposure and pesticide residues, reportedly exceeding BIS and WHO parameters, pose gastrointestinal and other waterborne health concerns. The findings also indicated that the recommended limits of several quality parameters, including pH, electrical conductivity, total dissolved solids (TDS), total hardness, and total alkalinity majorly surpassed. Emphasising the reported values of the various contaminant levels simultaneously with addressing the challenges and future perspectives, the review unravels the complex landscape of groundwater contamination and its health-related implications in semi-arid and cold regions of India.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ratandeep
- Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
| | - Akshat Bhanu Dharmani
- School Of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 752050, India
| | - Manisha Verma
- Department of Physics, Acharya Narendra Dev College, (University of Delhi), Govindpuri, Kalkaji, New Delhi 110019, India
| | - Sanjeeta Rani
- Department of Physics, Acharya Narendra Dev College, (University of Delhi), Govindpuri, Kalkaji, New Delhi 110019, India
| | - Anita Narang
- Department of Botany, Acharya Narendra Dev College, (University of Delhi), Govindpuri, Kalkaji, New Delhi 110019, India
| | - M Ramananda Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Kirorimal College, (University of Delhi), Delhi 110009, India
| | - Laishram Saya
- Department of Chemistry, Sri Venkateswara College (University of Delhi), Dhaula Kuan, New Delhi 110021, India; Polymer Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Acharya Narendra Dev College, (University of Delhi), Govindpuri, Kalkaji, New Delhi - 110019, India.
| | - Sunita Hooda
- Polymer Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Acharya Narendra Dev College, (University of Delhi), Govindpuri, Kalkaji, New Delhi - 110019, India.
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Balakrishnan JV, Bailey RT, Jeong J, Park S, Abitew T. Quantifying climate change impacts on future water resources and salinity transport in a high semi-arid watershed. J Contam Hydrol 2024; 261:104289. [PMID: 38242065 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconhyd.2023.104289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
High salinity mobilization and movement from salt-laden deposits in semi-arid landscapes impair soils and water resources worldwide. Semi-arid regions worldwide are expected to experience rising temperatures and lower precipitation, impacting water supply and spatio-temporal patterns of salinity loads and affecting downstream water quality. This study quantifies the impact of future climate on hydrologic fluxes and salt loads in the Gunnison River Watershed (GRW) (14,608 km2), Colorado, using the APEX-MODFLOW-Salt hydro-chemical watershed model and three different CMIP5 climate models projection downscaled by Multivariate Adaptive Constructed Analogs (MACA) for the period 2020-2099. The APEX-MODFLOW-Salt model accounts for the reactive transport of major salt ions (SO42-, Cl-, CO32-, HCO3-, Ca2+, Na+, Mg2+, and K+) to streams via surface runoff, rainfall erosional runoff, soil lateral flow, quick return flow and groundwater-stream exchange. Model results are analyzed for spatial and temporal trends in water yield and salt loading pathways. Although streamflow is primarily derived from surface runoff (65%), the predominant source of salt loads is the aquifer (73%) due to elevated concentrations of groundwater salt. Annual salt loading from the watershed is 582 Mkg, approximately 10% of the salt load in the Colorado River measured at Lee's Ferry, AZ. For future climate scenarios, annual salt loads from the watershed increased between 4.1% and 9.6% from the historical period due to increased salt loading from groundwater and quick return flow. From the results, applying the APEX-MODFLOW-Salt model with downscaled future climate forcings can be a helpful modeling framework for investigating hydrology and salt mobilization, transport, and export in historical and predictive settings for salt-affected watersheds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaya Vignesh Balakrishnan
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Colorado State University, 1372 Campus Delivery, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1372, United States
| | - Ryan T Bailey
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Colorado State University, 1372 Campus Delivery, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1372, United States.
| | - Jaehak Jeong
- Blackland Extension and Research Center, Texas A&M AgriLife, 720 E Blackland Rd, Temple, TX 76502, United States of America
| | - Seonggyu Park
- Blackland Extension and Research Center, Texas A&M AgriLife, 720 E Blackland Rd, Temple, TX 76502, United States of America
| | - Tadesse Abitew
- Blackland Extension and Research Center, Texas A&M AgriLife, 720 E Blackland Rd, Temple, TX 76502, United States of America
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Lorenzi V, Banzato F, Barberio M, Goeppert N, Goldscheider N, Gori F, Lacchini A, Manetta M, Medici G, Rusi S, Petitta M. Tracking flowpaths in a complex karst system through tracer test and hydrogeochemical monitoring: Implications for groundwater protection (Gran Sasso, Italy). Heliyon 2024; 10:e24663. [PMID: 38298644 PMCID: PMC10828060 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e24663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Groundwater in karst aquifers is frequently tapped for drinking purposes, due to frequent huge volumes of resources. Unfortunately, vulnerability of these aquifers can be high, due to possible fast transfer of recharge water on springs by the karst network. On Gran Sasso Mountain regional aquifer, several springs are subjected to drinking withdrawal and an updated evaluation of their potential is now a fundamental issue to be considered, facing climate change effects, which reflect on variation of discharge regimen and values. To distinguish between different contribution of spring recharge, a tracer test has been carried out on the Vitella d'Oro spring, fed both by the regional aquifer and by a local system exposed to karst features developed in the Rigopiano Conglomerates formation. Thanks to hydrogeological, hydrogeochemical and isotopic data, a conceptual model of spring recharge has been proposed and subsequently validated by the tracer test results. All information confirms the superimposition on the regional base flow, by a relevant contribution of the karst network, influencing the spring discharge in recharge periods. In detail, a fast flow component is responsible for discharge peaks and frequently of turbidity events, having a mean velocity ranging from 30 to 70 m/h in the aquifer. Besides of this fast flow, an additional aliquot of the recharge is due to the same local aquifer, but slower flow clearly identifiable by hydrochemistry and isotopic data. Thanks to these findings, a renewed management of the spring has been suggested, considering the different degrees of aquifer vulnerability (turbidity occurrence) directly related to the discharge regimen.
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Affiliation(s)
- V. Lorenzi
- Earth Science Department, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - F. Banzato
- Autorità di Bacino Distretto Idrografico Appennino Centrale, Italy
| | - M.D. Barberio
- National Institute of Geophysics and Volcanology, Rome, Italy
| | - N. Goeppert
- Institute of Applied Geosciences, Division of Hydrogeology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - N. Goldscheider
- Institute of Applied Geosciences, Division of Hydrogeology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - F. Gori
- Earth Science Department, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - A. Lacchini
- Earth Science Department, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - M. Manetta
- Earth Science Department, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - G. Medici
- Earth Science Department, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - S. Rusi
- Engineering and Geology Department, University G. D’Annunzio, Chieti, Italy
| | - M. Petitta
- Earth Science Department, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
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Beyene TD, Zimale FA, Gebrekristos ST, Nedaw D. Assessment of the impact of rainfall uncertainties on the groundwater recharge estimations of the Tikur-Wuha watershed, rift valley lakes basin, Ethiopia. Heliyon 2024; 10:e24311. [PMID: 38293503 PMCID: PMC10827499 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e24311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Spatial recharge estimation uncertainty is directly proportional to uncertainty in input precipitation data Thus, the main objective of this study was to investigate the recharge uncertainty by using improved spatial rainfall observations. The physically based fully distributed hydrological model WetSpa was used to simulate 20,000 possible combinations of parameters for two model setup. The M1 model setup was developed based on the rainfall measurements obtained from rain gauge stations scattered in and around the Tikur-Wuha watershed in Ethiopia, while M2 model setup was developed using bias-corrected satellite rainfall estimates (SREs) based on Climate Hazards Group InfraRed Precipitation (CHIRP) merged with relevant ground station records. The required parameter combinations were generated using Monte Carlo simulation stratified by applying Latin Hypercube Sampling (LHS). One hundred best performing parameter combinations were selected for each model to generate spatial recharge statistics and assess the resulting uncertainty in the recharge estimates. The results revealed that enhanced spatial recharge estimates can be produced through improved CHIRP-based SREs. The long-term mean annual recharge (218.29 mm) in the Tikur-Wuha watershed was estimated. Model parameter calibration performed using discharge measurements obtained from the Wosha rain gauge station located in the subcatchment area of the Tikur-Wuha watershed had a Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency of 0.56. Seventy percent of the watershed showed a coefficient of variation (Cv) < 0.15 for M2, while 90 % of the area exhibited a Cv < 0.15 for M1. Furthermore, the study findings highlighted the importance of improving evapotranspiration data accuracy to reduce the uncertainty of recharge estimates. However, the uncontrolled irrigation water uses and the total recharge coming from the irrigation fields scattered across the Tikur-Wuha watershed were not considered in the study, which is a limitation of the study. Future studies should consider the contribution made by irrigation water to the total recharge of the watershed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsegamlak Diriba Beyene
- Africa Center of Excellence for Water Management, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
- School of Hydraulic and Water Resources Engineering, Dilla University, Dilla, Ethiopia
| | - Fasikaw Atanaw Zimale
- Africa Center of Excellence for Water Management, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
- Faculty of Civil and Water Resources Engineering, Bahir Dar Institute of Technology, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
| | | | - Dessie Nedaw
- Africa Center of Excellence for Water Management, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
- School of Earth Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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129
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Sabinaya S, Mahanty B, Rout PR, Raut S, Sahoo SK, Jha V, Sahoo NK. Multi-model exploration of groundwater quality and potential health risk assessment in Jajpur district, Eastern India. Environ Geochem Health 2024; 46:57. [PMID: 38273049 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-024-01855-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
The presence of fluoride and nitrate is a serious groundwater quality issue in India impacting human health. In the present study, 14 different hydrochemical parameters for 76 groundwater samples collected from the Jajpur district of Odisha, India, were evaluated. Entropy-weighted water quality index (EWQI), fixed-weight groundwater quality index (GWQI), principal component analysis (PCA), and rotated factor loading-based water quality index (PCWQI) were employed to assess groundwater quality. About 65.79 ± 4.68%, 33.55 ± 3.95%, and 0.66 ± 0.76% of the samples were rated as "excellent," "good," or "medium" quality, respectively, across the four different water quality indices, with a nominal rating discrepancy of 13.15%. Though 86% of samples consistently received excellent or good ratings across all WQI frameworks, concentrations of F- and NO3- in 36.8% and 11.84% of the samples exceeded the WHO permissible limit. In health risk assessment, about 38.15% of samples surpassed the F- hazard quotient (HQ > 1) posing non-carcinogenic health risks for children. The non-carcinogenic health risks due to NO3- were evident in 55.26% and 11.84% of samples for children and adults, respectively. The higher concentration of NO3- in some of the water samples, together with its positive correlation with HCO3-, may worsen groundwater pollution. The moderate correlation between Ca2+ and HCO3- (r = 0.410) and the insignificant correlation between Mg2+ and HCO3- (r = 0.234) suggests calcite dissolution is far more common than dolomite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sushree Sabinaya
- Department of Chemistry, Environmental Science Program, Siksha 'O'Anusandhan (Deemed to University), Bhubaneswar, 751 030, India
| | - Biswanath Mahanty
- Division of Biotechnology, Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences, Coimbatore, 641114, India.
| | - Prangya Ranjan Rout
- Department of BioTechnology, Dr B R Ambedkar National Institute of Technology Jalandhar, Jalandhar, India
| | - Sangeeta Raut
- Centre for Biotechnology, Siksha 'O'Anusandhan (Deemed to Be University), Bhubaneswar, 751 030, India
| | | | | | - Naresh Kumar Sahoo
- Department of Chemistry, Environmental Science Program, Siksha 'O'Anusandhan (Deemed to University), Bhubaneswar, 751 030, India.
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Moorthy P, Sundaramoorthy S, Roy PD, Usha T, Dash SK, Gowrappan M, Chokklingam L. Evaluation of spatial and temporal dynamics of seawater intrusion in coastal aquifers of southeast India: insights from hydrochemical facies analysis. Environ Monit Assess 2024; 196:179. [PMID: 38244082 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-024-12306-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
This study aims to investigate and understand the temporal and spatial movement of seawater intrusion into the coastal aquifers. Groundwater salinity increase has affected the entire eastern part of the study area and is primarily influenced by direct and reverse ion exchange reactions associated with intrusion and freshwater influx phases, which alternate over monsoons. To gain insights into the spatiotemporal dynamics of the seawater intrusion process, hydrochemical facies analysis utilizing the HFE-Diagram was employed. Additionally, the study considered the major ionic changes during both the monsoons. The HFE-Diagram analysis of hydrochemical facies revealed distinctions in the behaviour of each coastal aquifer concerning seawater intrusion-induced salinization. In PRM 2020, the data shows that approximately 65% of the samples fall under the freshening phase, while the remaining 35% were categorized as intrusion phase. Within the freshening phase, seven different hydrochemical facies were identified, including Na-Cl, Na-MixCl, MixNa-MixCl, Na-MixHCO3/MixSO4, MixNa-MixSO4, Na-HCO3, and MixCa-HCO3. In contrast, the intrusion phase had four facies: MixCaMixHCO3, MixNa-Cl, Ca-Cl, and Na-Cl. Especially, the Na-Cl facies (f1) within the freshening phase attributed for the largest percentage, contributing 30% of the samples. In POM 2021, the distribution of samples shifted slightly, with approximately 72.5% belonging to the freshening phase and 27.5% to the intrusion phase. Within the freshening phase of POM 2021, five hydrochemical facies were identified: Na-Cl, Na-MixCl, Na-MixHCO3/MixSO4, MixNa-MixSO4, and Na-HCO3. The intrusion phase of POM 2021 had three facies: MixNa-Cl, Na-Cl, and MixCa-Cl. Similar to PRM 2020, the Na-Cl facies (f1) remained the most predominant in the freshening phase, comprising 30% of the samples. The relation between total dissolved solids (TDS) and various ionic ratios, such as HCO3-/Cl-, Na+/Cl-, Ca2+/Cl-, Mg2+/Cl-, K+/Cl-, and SO42-/Cl-, clearly demonstrates the presence of seawater influence within the coastal aquifers of the study area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prabhakaran Moorthy
- Centre for Disaster Management and Coastal Research, Department of Remote Sensing, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, 620 023, India
| | - Sridhar Sundaramoorthy
- Centre for Disaster Management and Coastal Research, Department of Remote Sensing, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, 620 023, India
| | - Priyadarsi D Roy
- Instituto de Geología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad Universitaria, 04510, Mexico City, CP, Mexico
| | - Tune Usha
- National Centre for Coastal Research, Ministry of Earth Sciences, Government of India, Chennai, 600100, India
| | - Sisir Kumar Dash
- National Centre for Coastal Research, Ministry of Earth Sciences, Government of India, Chennai, 600100, India
| | | | - Lakshumanan Chokklingam
- Centre for Disaster Management and Coastal Research, Department of Remote Sensing, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, 620 023, India.
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131
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Tiwari A, Kumar M, Thakur S. Groundwater quality assessment for drinking purpose using traditional and fuzzy-GIS-based water quality index in Gurugram District of Haryana, India. Environ Geochem Health 2024; 46:52. [PMID: 38244113 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-023-01783-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
Primarily groundwater is consumed for the drinking and irrigation purpose. However, due to increasing anthropogenic activities, its quality and quantity have substantially declined over time. The focus of this study is to evaluate the pre-monsoonal groundwater quality and its spatial variability for drinking purposes in the Gurugram, Haryana, India. Ground Water quality index (GWQI) developed on the basis of the Geographical Information System is effective in the assessment of groundwater quality and its spatial variability, but it is unable to account for uncertainties related to environmental problems. Thus, a Hybrid Fuzzy-GIS-based Water Quality Index (FGQI) has been proposed for the assessment of groundwater quality. The study conducted factor analysis to identify the prime factors responsible for groundwater contamination and collected pre-monsoonal groundwater samples through primary sampling. The groundwater quality was assessed based on eight hydro geochemical parameters (pH, TDS, Calcium, Chloride, Sulfate, Fluoride, Potassium, and Sodium). The spatial interpolation of each parameter was performed using appropriate techniques, selected based on a normality test. The guidelines of the World Health Organization and Bureau of Indian Standard were incorporated in the development of GWQI and FGQI, respectively. Correlation analysis was performed to determine the best fuzzy overlay technique for FGQI, and the Fuzzy GAMMA technique with gamma equal to 0.9 was selected. Finally, the GWQI and FGQI were classified into three classes: unsuitable, moderate suitable, and suitable using "natural break". A higher index indicates a higher water quality. The results show that the groundwater in the central part of Gurugram is suitable for drinking, while it is not suitable in the extreme north, south-east, and western regions. In conclusion, this study finds that FGQI effectively assesses the groundwater quality in the region better than GWQI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akash Tiwari
- Central University of Haryana, Mahendragarh, Haryana, 123031, India
| | - Manish Kumar
- Central University of Haryana, Mahendragarh, Haryana, 123031, India.
| | - Swati Thakur
- Dyal Singh College, University of Delhi, New Delhi, 110003, India
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132
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Formentini TA, Cornelis G, Gustafsson JP, Leicht K, Tiberg C, Planer-Friedrich B, Durant N, Fan D, Kleja DB. Immobilizing arsenic in contaminated anoxic aquifer sediment using sulfidated and uncoated zero-valent iron (ZVI). J Hazard Mater 2024; 462:132743. [PMID: 37837779 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.132743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/16/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic (As) is carcinogenic and of major concern in groundwater. We collected sediment material from a contaminated anoxic aquifer in Sweden and investigated the immobilization of As by four commercial zero-valent iron (ZVI) particles. Solid-phase As and Fe speciation was assessed using X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) and solution-phase As speciation using chromatographic separation. Without ZVI addition, arsenite dominated in solution and As(V) species in the solid phase. Adding ZVI caused a sharp increase in solution pH (9.3-9.8), favoring As oxidation despite a lowered redox potential. ZVI greatly improved As retention by complex binding of arsenate to the Fe(III) (hydr)oxides formed by ZVI corrosion. Uncoated ZVI, both in nano- and microscale, performed better than their sulfidated counterparts, partly due to occlusion of As by the Fe(III) (hydr)oxides formed. The effect of particle size (micro vs. nano ZVI) on As immobilization was small, likely because immobilization was related to the corrosion products formed, rather than the initial size of the particles. Our results provide a strong geochemical background for the application of ZVI particles to remove As in contaminated aquifers under anoxic conditions and illustrate that immobilization mechanisms can differ between ZVI in As spiked solutions and sediment suspensions. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPLICATION: Arsenic ranks first on the list by the US ATSDR of substances posing a threat to human health and the WHO considers groundwater the riskiest source for human intake of As. However, dealing with As contamination remains a scientific challenge. We studied the immobilization of groundwater As by commercially available ZVI particles at field-realistic conditions. Arsenic immobilization was highly efficient in most cases, and the results suggest this is a promising in situ strategy with long-term performance. Our results provide a strong geochemical background for using ZVI to remove As in contaminated anoxic aquifers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiago Augusto Formentini
- Department of Soil and Environment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P. O. Box 7014, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Geert Cornelis
- Department of Soil and Environment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P. O. Box 7014, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jon Petter Gustafsson
- Department of Soil and Environment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P. O. Box 7014, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Kathrin Leicht
- Department of Soil and Environment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P. O. Box 7014, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Charlotta Tiberg
- Swedish Geotechnical Institute (SGI), SE-581 93 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Britta Planer-Friedrich
- Environmental Geochemistry Group, Bayreuth Center for Ecology and Environmental Research (BAYCEER), Bayreuth University, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Neal Durant
- Geosyntec Consultants, Inc, 10211 Wincopin Circle, 4th Floor, Columbia, MD 21044, USA
| | - Dimin Fan
- Geosyntec Consultants, Inc, 10211 Wincopin Circle, 4th Floor, Columbia, MD 21044, USA
| | - Dan B Kleja
- Department of Soil and Environment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P. O. Box 7014, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
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133
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la Cecilia D, Philipp M, Kaegi R, Schirmer M, Moeck C. Microplastics attenuation from surface water to drinking water: Impact of treatment and managed aquifer recharge - and identification uncertainties. Sci Total Environ 2024; 908:168378. [PMID: 37951258 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/13/2023]
Abstract
River water can be used to recharge aquifers exploited for drinking water production. Several recent studies reported microplastics (MPs) in river water, and therefore, the potential contamination of groundwater by MPs is a growing concern among stakeholders and citizens. In this research, we investigate the fate of MPs (> 20 μm) along six different stages of a major Managed Aquifer Recharge (MAR)-water supply system in Switzerland. About 20 l of water were filtered using steel meshes at each location in triplicates. In the laboratory, MPs deposited on the anodisc filters were identified using Focal Plane Array (FPA) micro-Fourier-Transform-InfraRed (μFTIR) spectroscopy. The obtained hyperspectral data were processed using the imaging software Microplastics Finder for MPs identification and classification. Our results revealed a 20-fold decrease in MPs concentration from the Rhine River bed water (112 ± 27.4 MPs/l) to after the coagulation, flocculation and sedimentation (5.5 ± 2.2 MPs/l), a further 3-fold decrease to after the sand-filtration system (1.8 ± 0.9 MPs/l), corresponding to an overall removal efficiency of 98.4 %. The MPs concentrations remained low following MAR (2.7 ± 0.7 MPs/l) through a Quaternary gravel aquifer. Activated carbon filters did not substantially further reduce MPs concentrations. The percentage of fragments (≈95 %) prevailed over fibers (≈5 %) at all locations, with fibers being longer and more abundant in the river water. Overall, this study demonstrates the effectiveness of the treatment systems to remove MPs larger than 20 μm. Finally, we calculated an uncertainty in MPs concentrations of one order of magnitude depending on the user-defined parameters inside the MPs identification and classification model. The Quality Assurance/Quality Control approach followed during laboratory analysis highlighted an accumulation of surrogate particles at the edges of the disc, which would have an impact for MPs number upscaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele la Cecilia
- Department Water Resources and Drinking Water, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology Eawag, Dübendorf, Switzerland.
| | - Matthias Philipp
- Department of Process Engineering, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology Eawag, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Ralf Kaegi
- Department of Process Engineering, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology Eawag, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Mario Schirmer
- Department Water Resources and Drinking Water, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology Eawag, Dübendorf, Switzerland; Centre of Hydrogeology and Geothermics (CHYN), University of Neuchâtel, Neuchâtel, Switzerland; Department of Geology and Geological Engineering, Laval University, Quebec, Canada
| | - Christian Moeck
- Department Water Resources and Drinking Water, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology Eawag, Dübendorf, Switzerland
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Nikolenko O, Labad F, Pujades E, Scheiber L, Pérez S, Ginebreda A, Jurado A. Combination of multivariate data analysis and mixing modelling to assess tracer potential of contaminants of emerging concern in aquifers. Environ Pollut 2024; 341:123020. [PMID: 38006989 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.123020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/27/2023]
Abstract
Collected evidence has shown that contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) in conjunction with more conventional tracers (major ions, nutrients, isotopes etc.) can be used to trace pollution origin in aquatic systems. However, in highly mixed aquifer systems signals obtained from conventional tracers overlap diminishing their potential to be used as tracers. In this study, we present an approach that incorporates multivariate statistical analysis (principal component analysis (PCA) and Kohonen's Self-Organizing Map method (SOM)) and mixing modelling to identify the most suitable CECs to be employed as anthropogenic tracers. The study area is located in the Besòs River Delta (Barcelona, NE Spain) and represents the highly mixed aquifer system. A one-year monthly based monitoring campaign was performed to collect the information about the concentrations of 105 CECs as well as major and minor ions in the river and along the groundwater flow. The dimensionality of the obtained dataset was reduced to 25 CECs, based on their estimated health risk effects, for multivariate data analysis. The obtained results showed the overlap of conventional tracers' signals obtained from PCA. In case of CECs, PCA revealed differences in their distributions allowing the differentiation of the roles of natural attenuation processes, local and regional flows on their occurrence in different parts of the aquifer. This was not possible to do using solely CECs' distribution profiles. SOMs provided the lacking information about the modality of the distribution of each CECs, revealing their ability to represent factors controlling the groundwater hydrochemistry, which assist in defining their tracer potential. Based on the obtained results four identified persistent CECs, two with unimodal (lamotrigine and 5-Desamino-5-oxo-lamotrigine) and two with bimodal (carbamazepine and diazepam (higher modality was not revealed)) distributions, were selected to run a mixing model to compare their tracer performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olha Nikolenko
- Department of Geosciences, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA), Severo Ochoa Excellence Center of the Spanish Council for Scientific Research (CSIC), Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Francesc Labad
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA), Severo Ochoa Excellence Center of the Spanish Council for Scientific Research (CSIC), Jordi Girona 18-26, Barcelona, 08034, Spain
| | - Estanislao Pujades
- Department of Geosciences, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA), Severo Ochoa Excellence Center of the Spanish Council for Scientific Research (CSIC), Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura Scheiber
- Department of Geosciences, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA), Severo Ochoa Excellence Center of the Spanish Council for Scientific Research (CSIC), Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sandra Pérez
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA), Severo Ochoa Excellence Center of the Spanish Council for Scientific Research (CSIC), Jordi Girona 18-26, Barcelona, 08034, Spain
| | - Antoni Ginebreda
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA), Severo Ochoa Excellence Center of the Spanish Council for Scientific Research (CSIC), Jordi Girona 18-26, Barcelona, 08034, Spain
| | - Anna Jurado
- Department of Geosciences, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA), Severo Ochoa Excellence Center of the Spanish Council for Scientific Research (CSIC), Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034, Barcelona, Spain
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135
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Feng H, Jin A, Yin X, Hong Z, Ding Y, Zhao N, Chen Y, Zhang Y. Enhancing biocathode denitrification performance with nano-Fe 3O 4 under polarity period reversal. Environ Res 2024; 241:117641. [PMID: 37972808 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.117641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
The presence of excessive concentrations of nitrate poses a threat to both the environment and human health, and the bioelectrochemical systems (BESs) are attractive green technologies for nitrate removal. However, the denitrification efficiency in the BESs is still limited by slow biofilm formation and nitrate removal. In this work, we demonstrate the efficacy of novel combination of magnetite nanoparticles (nano-Fe3O4) with the anode-cathode polarity period reversal (PPR-Fe3O4) for improving the performance of BESs. After only two-week cultivation, the highest cathodic current density (7.71 ± 1.01 A m-2) and NO3--N removal rate (8.19 ± 0.97 g m-2 d-1) reported to date were obtained in the PPR-Fe3O4 process (i.e., polarity period reversal with nano-Fe3O4 added) at applied working voltage of -0.2 and -0.5 V (vs Ag/AgCl) under bioanodic and biocathodic conditions, respectively. Compared with the polarity reversal once only process, the PPR process (i.e., polarity period reversal in the absence of nano-Fe3O4) enhanced bioelectroactivity through increasing biofilm biomass and altering microbial community structure. Nano-Fe3O4 could enhance extracellular electron transfer as a result of promoting the formation of extracellular polymers containing Fe3O4 and reducing charge transfer resistance of bioelectrodes. This work develops a novel biocathode denitrification strategy to achieve efficient nitrate removal after rapid cultivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huajun Feng
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, 310018, China; International Science and Technology Cooperation Platform for Low-Carbon Recycling of Waste and Green Development, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, 310018, China; School of Environment and Resources, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Anan Jin
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Xianbin Yin
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Zhicheng Hong
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Yangcheng Ding
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Nannan Zhao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, 310018, China; International Science and Technology Cooperation Platform for Low-Carbon Recycling of Waste and Green Development, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Yufan Chen
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, 310018, China.
| | - Yifeng Zhang
- Department of Environmental Engineering Technical University of Denmark, DK, 2800, Lyngby, Denmark.
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136
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Wang C, Qiu Y, Wang C, Xu Y, Ren LF, Shao J. Efficient groundwater defluorination over a wide concentration gradient through capacitive deionization with a three-layer structured membrane coating electrode. J Hazard Mater 2024; 462:132703. [PMID: 37821246 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.132703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Fluoride (F-) pollution in groundwater is an important environmental issue and capacitive deionization (CDI) holds promise for defluorination at moderate concentrations (e.g., 200 -1000 mg L-1). However, existing electrodes suffer from the overlap of electrical-double-layer (EDL) and severe co-ion effects at low (e.g., <200 mg L-1) and high sodium fluoride (NaF) concentrations (e.g., >1000 mg L-1), respectively, exhibiting poor salt adsorption capacity (SAC). Hence, a three-layer structured electrode, "membrane/carbon nanotube (CNT)/activated carbon (AC)" (CNT-MCE), was prepared through electrospinning CNT onto AC, followed by a polymer membrane coating. Compared to AC and membrane coated electrode, CNT-MCE with mesopore-dominated structure prevented EDL overlap, achieving a higher SAC of 40.8 mg g-1 at 100 mg L-1 NaF. At 1500 mg L-1 NaF, the positively charged CNT-MCE exhibited an improved SAC of 58.8 mg g-1 by inhibiting co-ion effects. Meanwhile, CNT-MCE consistently demonstrated superb SACs at 200 - 800 mg L-1 NaF and maintained excellent stability over a wide concentration gradient by inhibiting severe oxidation. Notably, CNT-MCE successfully decreased the F- concentration in simulated groundwater from 3.4 to 1.1 mg L-1. Overall, our work provides an efficient strategy of electrode design to broaden the applicability of CDI for groundwater defluorination over a wide concentration gradient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengyi Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240 Shanghai, PR China
| | - Yangbo Qiu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240 Shanghai, PR China
| | - Chao Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240 Shanghai, PR China
| | - Yubo Xu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240 Shanghai, PR China
| | - Long-Fei Ren
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240 Shanghai, PR China.
| | - Jiahui Shao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240 Shanghai, PR China; Institute for Ecological Research and Pollution Control of Plateau Lakes, Yunnan University, No. 2 Cuihu North Road, Kunming 650504, Yunnan, PR China.
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137
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Moreno-Gómez M, Liedl R, Stefan C, Pacheco J. Theoretical analysis and considerations of the main parameters used to evaluate intrinsic karst groundwater vulnerability to surface pollution. Sci Total Environ 2024; 907:167947. [PMID: 37865241 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2023] [Revised: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/23/2023]
Abstract
Karst aquifers are highly susceptible to surface pollution scenarios due to exokarst features allowing a fast infiltration regime, bypassing the unsaturated zone. Intrinsic vulnerability maps are a visual interpretation of different levels of vulnerability estimated from multiple arrays of natural characteristics of the aquifer. However, for karst aquifers, this type of analysis is affected by the high subjectivity and personal interpretations of some karst features from hydrological or geological points of view. Current methodologies to assess groundwater vulnerability in karst differ in the number and type of evaluated parameters; they have unsimilar rates, weights, and sometimes a contradictory evaluation of some karst features' hydrogeological behaviour. This paper reviews the main parameters utilized to obtain intrinsic vulnerability maps, including their rating and weighting process, in order to provide additional insights and assist on the process of groundwater vulnerability analysis. After the review of twelve methodologies' guidelines and their application on 45 study areas around the world, new considerations to evaluate parameters and the assignation of rates and weights, according to infiltration scenarios, are here proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Moreno-Gómez
- Department of Water and Climate, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1050 Brussels, Belgium; Research Group INOWAS, Department of Hydrosciences, Technische Universität Dresden, 01069 Dresden, Germany.
| | - Rudolf Liedl
- Institute of Groundwater Management, Department of Hydrosciences, Technische Universität Dresden, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Catalin Stefan
- Research Group INOWAS, Department of Hydrosciences, Technische Universität Dresden, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Julia Pacheco
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Yucatan Autonomous University, 97203 Merida, Mexico
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138
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Mackin F, Flynn R, Fernandez-Valverde F. Application of a GIS-Based Hydrological Model to Predict Surface Wetness of Blanket Bogs. Wetlands (Wilmington) 2024; 44:10. [PMID: 38188226 PMCID: PMC10764537 DOI: 10.1007/s13157-023-01765-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Understanding hydrological processes operating on relatively intact blanket bogs provides a scientific basis for establishing achievable restoration targets for damaged sites. A GIS-based hydrological model, developed to assess restoration potential of Irish raised bogs, was adapted and applied to four relatively intact blanket bogs in Ireland. The Modified Flow Accumulation Capacity (MFAC) model utilised high-resolution topographic data to predict surface wetness, based on climatic conditions, contributing catchment and local surface slope. Modifications to MFAC parameters aimed to account for differences in hydrological processes between raised bogs and blanket bogs. Application of a climatic correction factor accounted for variations in effective rainfall between the four study sites, while monitoring of water table levels indicated a log-linear relationship between MFAC values and summer water table levels and range of water table fluctuations. Deviations from the observed relationship between MFAC and water table levels were associated with hydrological pressures, such as artificial drainage or the occurrence of subsurface macropores (peat pipes), which further lowered summer water tables. Despite being effective as a predictor of relative surface wetness, the relationship between MFAC and ecological variables such as Sphagnum spp. cover proved poor, pointing to the impact of past activities and damage caused by anthropogenic pressures. Findings demonstrated MFAC as an effective tool in predicting surface wetness within blanket bog-covered landscapes, thus proving useful to peatland practitioners in planning and prioritising areas for restoration. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13157-023-01765-5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francis Mackin
- School of Natural and Built Environment, The Queen’s University of Belfast, David Keir Building, Stranmillis Road, Belfast, BT9 5AG UK
| | - Raymond Flynn
- School of Natural and Built Environment, The Queen’s University of Belfast, David Keir Building, Stranmillis Road, Belfast, BT9 5AG UK
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139
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Lu J, Dong L, Guo Z, Hu Z, Dai P, Zhang J, Wu H. Highly efficient nitrate removal in sulfur-based constructed wetlands: Microbial mechanisms and environmental risks. Bioresour Technol 2024; 391:129970. [PMID: 37923227 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.129970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Nitrate is widely distributed in groundwater, posing an increasing threat to both water resources and human health. In this study, the treatment performance, removal mechanisms and environmental risks of sulfur-based constructed wetlands (CWs) for purifying nitrate-contaminated groundwater were investigated. Results showed that sulfur-based CWs could achieve the highest nitrate removal (95%). However, sulfate was largely produced as a by-product in sulfur-based CWs, which declined the nitrogen and phosphorus assimilation by plants. Metagenomic analysis indicated that autotrophs denitrifiers (e.g., Thiobacillus) were enriched, and the abundance of nitrate removal genes was enhanced in sulfur-based CWs. Additionally, sulfur cycle was formed in sulfur-based CWs, which explained the highest nitrate removal reasonably. This study provides comprehensive insights into the nitrate removal mechanisms in sulfur-based CWs and the associated environmental risks in purifying the polluted groundwater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxing Lu
- School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, PR China
| | - Lu Dong
- School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, PR China
| | - Zizhang Guo
- School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, PR China
| | - Zhen Hu
- School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, PR China
| | - Peng Dai
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, South Dakota State University Brookings, South Dakota 57007, United States
| | - Jian Zhang
- School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, PR China.
| | - Haiming Wu
- School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, PR China.
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140
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Deng Y, Wang S, Shi K, Xiong H. Adsorption removal of fluoride from polluted drinking waters using Mn-Al-La oxide. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2024; 31:7122-7137. [PMID: 38157167 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-31509-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Trimetal oxides have received high attention in treatment of fluoride-polluted drinking waters. In this study, Mn-Al-La (MAL) oxide with a mole ratio of 2:1:1 was successively prepared and characterized by XRD, FTIR, XPS, and TEM. It exhibited as cotton-like assemblages (500-800 nm of axial lengths), and BET specific surface area was 52 m2/g. It was used to study fluoride adsorptions in aqueous solutions by batch experiments, under different adsorbent/adsorbate levels, times, temperatures, pH and coexisting anions, and treat simulated groundwater (with 2.85 mg/L fluoride and pH 7.0) by batch and column tests. Adsorption data well fitted to pseudo-second-order rate model (R2 = 0.996-0.999), and Langmuir (R2 = 0.962 - 0.997) and Freundlich (R2 = 0.964-0.989) isothermal models. Their maximum adsorption capacities could reach 45-113 mg/g. Only H2PO4- anions had a restrictive impact at pH 7.0, and there was a good removal ability at pH 3-9. Adsorption processes were spontaneous, endothermic, and random. Adsorption mechanisms were electrostatic interaction and ligand exchange at pH 7.0. Adsorption capacity could reach 73% of initial value at pH 7.0, after three cycles. All application data on the polluted groundwater treatments show MAL oxide is a potential adsorbent for fluoride removals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yilei Deng
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou Jiangsu, 225127, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuyue Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou Jiangsu, 225127, People's Republic of China
| | - Kun Shi
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou Jiangsu, 225127, People's Republic of China
| | - Huixin Xiong
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou Jiangsu, 225127, People's Republic of China.
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141
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Quansah JO, Obiri-Nyarko F, Karikari AY. Adsorptive removal of dissolved Iron from groundwater by brown coal - A low-cost adsorbent. J Contam Hydrol 2024; 260:104283. [PMID: 38101230 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconhyd.2023.104283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Iron (Fe) contamination in groundwater is a widespread issue, necessitating the implementation of efficient removal methods to ensure the provision of safe drinking water. To contribute to the development of effective and sustainable solutions for addressing Fe contamination problems, this study investigated the potential of natural brown coal (BC) as a cost-effective adsorbent for removing dissolved Fe from groundwater. The study also explored the regeneration and reusability potential, as well as the effects of operational parameters, including pH, temperature, adsorbate concentration, and competitive ions, on the adsorption process. The equilibrium data fitted very well with the Langmuir model (R2 = 0.983), yielding a maximum adsorption capacity of 1.41 mg g-1. The adsorption kinetics were well described by the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. Notably, higher solution pH, Fe concentration, and temperature values led to higher Fe removal. The adsorption process exhibited endothermic behaviour, accompanied by an increase in randomness at the interface between the BC and the Fe. The BC was easily regenerated and maintained good adsorption capacity after four cycles of adsorption and regeneration. However, the presence of high-valent cations could affect its performance. Fourier-transform infrared spectrometry, coupled with structural and aqueous solution elemental analyses, revealed a synergetic adsorption mechanism, comprising ion-exchange with mono and divalent basic cations and complexation with functional groups. Overall, these findings highlight the potential of brown coal as a cost-effective adsorbent for Fe removal from groundwater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jude Ofei Quansah
- Environmental Chemistry and Sanitation Engineering Division, CSIR-Water Research Institute, P.O. Box M32, Accra, Ghana
| | - Franklin Obiri-Nyarko
- Groundwater and Geoscience Division, CSIR-Water Research Institute, P.O. Box M32, Accra, Ghana.
| | - Anthony Yaw Karikari
- Environmental Chemistry and Sanitation Engineering Division, CSIR-Water Research Institute, P.O. Box M32, Accra, Ghana
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142
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Fan R, Deng Y, Du Y, Xie X. Predicting geogenic groundwater arsenic contamination risk in floodplains using interpretable machine-learning model. Environ Pollut 2024; 340:122787. [PMID: 37879555 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
Long-term exposure to geogenic arsenic (As)-contaminated groundwater poses a severe threat to public health problems. Generally, elevated As concentrations have been observed with high amounts of ammonium in groundwater of floodplains. An extreme gradient boosting algorithm was conducted to develop a probability model based on hydrogeochemical data, which predicted the occurrence rates of groundwater As on a regional scale. Results showed that concentrations of NH4+, Eh, K, Cl-, SO42-, and NO3- were powerful predictive variables of As exposure. The model revealed the co-enrichment of As with NH4+, suggesting that the mineralization of nitrogen-containing organic matter promoted the reduction of As-bearing iron-oxides. The predicted distribution of high-As groundwater showed high consistency with known spatial distribution of As contamination, and the model also accurately predicted As concentrations in Jiangbei Plain of China and typical As-affected floodplains of Southeast Asia. The model can serve as a low-cost and rapid virtual sensor for detecting As concentrations in private or newly drilled wells, thereby providing critical information for informed management decisions, environmental protection and public health safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiyu Fan
- MOE Key Laboratory of Groundwater Quality and Health, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430078, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Source Apportionment and Control of Aquatic Pollution & School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430078, China
| | - Yamin Deng
- MOE Key Laboratory of Groundwater Quality and Health, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430078, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Source Apportionment and Control of Aquatic Pollution & School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430078, China.
| | - Yao Du
- MOE Key Laboratory of Groundwater Quality and Health, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430078, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Source Apportionment and Control of Aquatic Pollution & School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430078, China
| | - Xianjun Xie
- MOE Key Laboratory of Groundwater Quality and Health, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430078, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Source Apportionment and Control of Aquatic Pollution & School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430078, China
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143
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Mosthaf K, Rosenberg L, Broholm MM, Fjordbøge AS, Lilbæk G, Christensen AG, Bjerg PL. Quantification of contaminant mass discharge from point sources in aquitard/aquifer systems based on vertical concentration profiles and 3D modeling. J Contam Hydrol 2024; 260:104281. [PMID: 38061244 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconhyd.2023.104281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Point sources with contaminants, such as chlorinated solvents, per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), or pesticides, are often located in low-permeability aquitards, where they can act as long-term sources and threaten underlying groundwater resources. We demonstrate the use of a 3D numerical model integrating comprehensive hydrogeological and contamination data to determine the contaminant mass discharge (CMD) from an aquitard into the underlying aquifer. A mature point source with a dissolved chlorinated solvent in a clayey till is used as an example. The quantitative determination is facilitated by model calibration to high-resolution vertical concentration profiles obtained by direct-push sampling techniques in the aquifer downgradient of the contaminant source zone. The concentration profiles showed a plume sinking with distance from the source characteristic for such aquitard/aquifer settings. The sinking is caused by the interplay between infiltrating water and horizontal groundwater flow. The application of 3D solute transport modeling on high-resolution profiles allowed for determining the infiltration rate, the hydraulic conductivity in the aquitard, and, ultimately, the CMD. Different source zone conceptualizations demonstrate the potential effects of fractures and sorption in source zones in aquitards on CMD development. Fractures in the aquitard had a minor influence on the current CMD determined with the presented approach. Still, fractures with hydraulic apertures larger than 10 μm were crucial for the temporal development of the CMD and plume. A thorough characterization of the source zone conditions combined with high-resolution concentration profiles and detailed modeling is valuable for shedding light on the probable future development of groundwater contamination arising from sources in aquitard/aquifer settings and evaluating remedial actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaus Mosthaf
- Department of Environmental and Resource Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Bygningstorvet, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.
| | - Louise Rosenberg
- Department of Environmental and Resource Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Bygningstorvet, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Mette M Broholm
- Department of Environmental and Resource Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Bygningstorvet, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Annika S Fjordbøge
- Department of Environmental and Resource Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Bygningstorvet, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Gro Lilbæk
- NIRAS, Sortemosevej 19, 3450 Allerød, Denmark
| | | | - Poul L Bjerg
- Department of Environmental and Resource Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Bygningstorvet, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
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144
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Raj A, Sinha A, Singh A, Pasupuleti S. Assessment and prediction of hexavalent chromium vulnerability in groundwater by Geochemical modelling, NOBLES Index and Random Forest Model. Sci Total Environ 2024; 906:167570. [PMID: 37793457 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
Unregulated chromite mining causes enrichment of hexavalent chromium in the groundwater. Due to unpredictable monsoonal recharge and anthropogenic dependencies on groundwater, the depth and extent of chromium pollution becomes extremely difficult to demarcate. For this specific objective, the present study was carried out in order to explore the potential of a coupled surface and sub-surface modelling approach in Sukinda valley, which accounts for 97-98 % of the total chromite reserve of India. Through ionic speciation, saturation state and clustering analysis, the most probable source and corresponding mineral stability state was investigated. In order to trace the extent, status and severity of the problem, both hydrogeologic parameters as well as the geogenic soil parameters were taken into account to develop DRASTIC, DRASTIC-L as well as NOBLES Index. While DRASTIC and DRASTIC-L model provided assessment of vulnerability due to surface leaching of contaminants, NOBLES index, speciation analysis and geochemical model provided sub-surface assessment of vulnerability due to chromium. MRSA and SPSA sensitivity analysis were applied in order to understand the most critical factor that can dominantly control the surface contamination in the groundwater. Random Forest (RF) based machine learning techniques were applied in order to integrate the sub-surface as well as surface characteristics for the purpose of prediction of chromium in the groundwater. The present study therefore presents a novel methodology of risk assessment for regions where either extensive mining activities are operational or in regions with abandoned mines with operative acid mine drainage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhinav Raj
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines), Dhanbad, Jharkhand 826004, India.
| | - Alok Sinha
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines), Dhanbad, Jharkhand 826004, India.
| | - Ashwin Singh
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines), Dhanbad, Jharkhand 826004, India.
| | - Srinivas Pasupuleti
- Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines), Dhanbad, Jharkhand 826004, India.
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145
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Luo M, Zhang X, Zhu X, Long T, Cao S, Yu R. Bioremediation of chlorinated ethenes contaminated groundwater and the reactive transport modeling - A review. Environ Res 2024; 240:117389. [PMID: 37848080 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.117389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
Improper disposal of chlorinated ethenes (CEs), a class of widely used solvents in chemical manufacturing and cleaning industries, often leads to severe groundwater contamination. In situ bioremediation of CE-contaminated groundwater has received continuous attention in recent years. The reactive transport simulation is a valuable tool for planning and designing in situ bioremediation systems. This paper presents a detailed and comprehensive review on the main biotransformation pathways of CEs in aquifers, the mathematical modeling of bioremediation processes, and the available software developed for the simulation of reactive transport of CEs over past three decades. The aim of this research is to provide guidance on the selection of appropriate models and software suitable for systems of varying scales, and to discern prevailing research trends while identifying areas worthy of further study. This paper provides a detailed summary of the equations, parameters, and applications of existing biotransformation models from literature studies, highlighting the operation, benefits, and limitations of software available for CEs reactive transport simulations. Lastly, the support of reactive transport simulation programs for the design of full-scale in situ bioremediation systems was elucidated. Further research is needed for incorporating the effects of key subsurface environmental factors on biodegradation processes into models and balancing model complexity with computer data processing power to better support the development and application of reactive transport modeling software.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moye Luo
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210096, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Management and Pollution Control, Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment of China, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210042, China
| | - Xiaodong Zhang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Management and Pollution Control, Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment of China, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210042, China
| | - Xin Zhu
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Management and Pollution Control, Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment of China, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210042, China
| | - Tao Long
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Management and Pollution Control, Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment of China, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210042, China
| | - Shaohua Cao
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Management and Pollution Control, Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment of China, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210042, China.
| | - Ran Yu
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210096, China.
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146
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Zhao Y, Zhang X, Jian Z, Gong Y, Meng X. Effect of landfill leachate on arsenic migration and transformation in shallow groundwater systems. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2024; 31:5032-5042. [PMID: 38148459 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-31629-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic contamination of groundwater has affected human health and environmental safety worldwide. Hundreds of millions of people in more than 100 countries around the world are directly or indirectly troubled by arsenic-contaminated groundwater. In addition, arsenic contamination of groundwater caused by leakage of leachate from municipal solid waste landfills has occurred in some countries and regions, which has attracted widespread attention. Understanding how domestic waste landfill leachate affects the arsenic's migration and transformation in shallow groundwater is crucial for accurate assessment of the distribution and ecological hazards of arsenic in groundwater. Based on literature review, this study systematically summarized and discussed the basic characteristics of landfill leachate, the mechanism of arsenic pollution in groundwater, and the effect of landfill leachate on the migration and transformation of arsenic in groundwater. Combined with relevant research findings and practical experience, countermeasures and suggestions to limit the impact of landfill leachate on the migration and transformation of arsenic in groundwater are put forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Simulation and Control of Groundwater Pollution, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Xinyi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China.
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Simulation and Control of Groundwater Pollution, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China.
| | - Zhiqiang Jian
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Simulation and Control of Groundwater Pollution, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Yaping Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Simulation and Control of Groundwater Pollution, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Xiaoguang Meng
- Center for Environmental Systems, Department of Civil, Environmental & Ocean Engineering, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, NJ, 07030, USA
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147
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Falzone S, Schaefer C, Siegenthaler E, Keating K, Werkema D, Slater LD. Geophysical signatures of soil AFFF contamination from spectral induced polarization and low field nuclear magnetic resonance methods. J Contam Hydrol 2024; 260:104268. [PMID: 38064801 PMCID: PMC10809598 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconhyd.2023.104268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Few field methods are available for characterizing source zones impacted with aqueous film forming foam (AFFF). Non-invasive geophysical characterization of AFFF source zone contamination in situ could assist with the delineation and characterization of these sites, allowing for more informed sampling regimes aimed at quantifying subsurface poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) contamination. We present initial results from the investigation of the sensitivity of two existing surface and borehole-deployable geophysical technologies, spectral induced polarization (SIP), and low field nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), to soils impacted with AFFF. To investigate the sensitivity of these methods to AFFF-impacted soil, bench-scale column experiments were conducted on samples consisting of natural and synthetic soils and groundwater. While our findings do not show strong evidence of NMR sensitivity to soil PFAS contamination, we do find evidence that SIP has sufficient sensitivity to detect sorption of AFFF constituents (including PFAS) to soils. This finding is based on evidence that AFFF constituents associated with the pore surface produce a measurable polarization response in both freshly impacted synthetic soils and in soils historically impacted with AFFF. Our findings encourage further exploration of the SIP method as a technology for characterizing contaminant concentrations across AFFF source zones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Falzone
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Rutgers University Newark, Newark, NJ, USA.
| | | | - Ethan Siegenthaler
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Rutgers University Newark, Newark, NJ, USA
| | | | - Dale Werkema
- Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Newport, OR 97365, USA
| | - Lee D Slater
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Rutgers University Newark, Newark, NJ, USA; Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Blvd, Richland, WA 99354, USA.
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148
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Wang SW, Pan SY, Kao YH, Kim H, Fan C. Evaluation of the dual-process approach for in-situ groundwater arsenic removal. Environ Technol 2024; 45:129-143. [PMID: 35815372 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2022.2100283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
While the worldwide distribution of geogenic arsenic (As)-affected groundwater is highly overlapped with the areas with abundant groundwater, utilization of As-contained groundwater is an inevitable compromise in those areas where surface water is not enough for irrigation. Since the occurrence of As in groundwater is often accompanied by high iron (Fe) contents, the facilitation of As and Fe precipitation without adding additional oxidizers and adsorbents is considered an environmental-friendly approach to removing As in groundwater. In the present study, the oxidation/filtration dual-process with sprinkling height of 25 cm and 120 kg filter media efficiently increased the dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration (0.36-1.52 mg/L) and oxidation-reduction potential (ORP) (24-63 mV), which facilitated the formation of Fe oxides and As co-precipitation. The correlation of As removal efficiencies with their respective flow rates indicated that a decrease in groundwater Fe and an increase of Fe in sands and gravels filters as the flow rate increased evidenced the rapid oxidation of Fe to form the Fe hydroxides. In a 40-hour continuous aeration/filtration operation, As and Fe concentrations in groundwater were reduced by 79.5% and 64.88% within 40 hrs, respectively. The ease of filter replacement and cost-effectiveness in operation can be the major attractions and innovations for future field practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Wei Wang
- Department of Water Resources and Environmental Engineering, Tamkang University, New Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Yuan Pan
- Department of Bioenvironmental Systems Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hsuan Kao
- Science & Technology Policy Research and Information Center, National Applied Research Laboratories, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hyunook Kim
- Department of Environmental Engineering, The University of Seoul, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Chihhao Fan
- Department of Bioenvironmental Systems Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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149
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Jacobsen BH, Hansen B, Schullehner J. Health-economic valuation of lowering nitrate standards in drinking water related to colorectal cancer in Denmark. Sci Total Environ 2024; 906:167368. [PMID: 37788765 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
Nitrate in drinking water is a contaminant which can affect human health and has been associated with an increased risk of, amongst other diseases, colorectal cancer. Based on epidemiologic data from Denmark on the association between drinking water nitrate and colorectal cancer, the health and economic consequences of lowering the standard of nitrate in drinking water from 50 mg/L to 9.25 mg/L and 3.87 mg/L, respectively are analyzed. The drinking water nitrate attributable number of cases was estimated using the risk in the exposed and unexposed population based on current nationwide exposure distributions. The analysis shows that a lower limit of 9.25 mg/L would decrease the annual number of colorectal cancer cases by 72 (95 % confidence interval: 34-114) and by an additional 55 (95 % CI: 10-100) for a stricter limit of 3.87 mg/L. The resulting avoided health-related costs are $179 million per year for the 9.25 mg/L nitrate limit and another $138 million per year for a further reduction to 3.87 mg/L nitrate. The new requirements would incur costs linked to either i) changes in land use management, ii) well reallocation or iii) use of treatment technologies. The additional costs are estimated to $0.03-1.84 per m3 abstracted water from public water companies, which together with costs for owners of private wells, will result in an average additional cost of $9 and $6 million per year for the two levels. The economic health benefits are higher than the costs for both limits with net gains of $170 million (9.25 mg/L) and additionally $132 million (3.87 mg/L) a year. Even in a worst-case scenario (lowest health-related benefits and highest mitigation costs), there is a likely economic gain for society from lowering the limit to 9.25 mg/L, but this might not be the case for the lower limit of 3.87 mg/L.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian H Jacobsen
- Department of Food and Resource Economics (IFRO), University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 23, 1958 Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
| | - Birgitte Hansen
- Department of Geochemistry, Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland, University City 81, building 1872, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark.
| | - Jörg Schullehner
- Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Building 1260, Bartholins Allé 2, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark; Danish Big Data Centre for Environment and Health (BERTHA), Aarhus University, Bartholins Allé 2, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark.
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150
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Ciric M, Šaraba V, Budin C, de Boer T, Nikodinovic-Runic J. Polyurethane-Degrading Potential of Alkaline Groundwater Bacteria. Microb Ecol 2023; 87:21. [PMID: 38153543 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-023-02338-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
Plastic waste is a global environmental burden and long-lasting plastic polymers, including ubiquitous and toxic polyurethanes (PUs), rapidly accumulate in the water environments. In this study, samples were collected from the three alkaline groundwater occurrences in the geotectonic regions of the Pannonian basin of northern Serbia (Torda and Slankamen Banja) and Inner Dinarides of western Serbia (Mokra Gora) with aim to isolate and identify bacteria with plastic- and lignocellulose-degrading potential, that could be applied to reduce the burden of environmental plastic pollution. The investigated occurrences belong to cold, mildly alkaline (pH: 7.6-7.9) brackish and hyperalkaline (pH: 11.5) fresh groundwaters of the SO4 - Na + K, Cl - Na + K and OH, Cl - Ca, Na + K genetic type. Full-length 16S rDNA sequencing, using Oxford Nanopore sequencing device, was performed with DNA extracted from colonies obtained by cultivation of all groundwater samples, as well as with DNA extracted directly from one groundwater sample. The most abundant genera belong to Pseudomonas, Acidovorax, Kocuria and Methylotenera. All screened isolates (100%) had the ability to grow on at least 3 of the tested plastic and lignocellulosic substrates, with 53.9% isolates degrading plastic substrate Impranil® DLN-SD (SD), a model compound for PUs degradation. Isolates degrading SD that were identified by partial 16S rDNA sequencing belong to the Stenotrophomonas, Pseudomonas, Paraburkholderia, Aeromonas, Vibrio and Acidovorax genera. Taking into account that plastics, including commonly produced PUs, are widespread in groundwater, identification of PUs-degrading bacteria may have potential applications in bioremediation of groundwater polluted with this polymer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milica Ciric
- Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Vladimir Šaraba
- Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Clémence Budin
- Microlife Solutions, Science Park 406, 1098XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tjalf de Boer
- Microlife Solutions, Science Park 406, 1098XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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