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Spaur M, Galvez-Fernandez M, Chen Q, Lombard MA, Bostick BC, Factor-Litvak P, Fretts AM, Shea SJ, Navas-Acien A, Nigra AE. Association of Water Arsenic With Incident Diabetes in U.S. Adults: The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis and the Strong Heart Study. Diabetes Care 2024:dc232231. [PMID: 38656975 DOI: 10.2337/dc23-2231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We examined the association of arsenic in federally regulated community water systems (CWSs) and unregulated private wells with type 2 diabetes (T2D) incidence in the Strong Heart Family Study (SHFS), a prospective study of American Indian communities, and the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA), a prospective study of racially and ethnically diverse urban U.S. communities. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We evaluated 1,791 participants from SHFS and 5,777 participants from MESA who had water arsenic estimates available and were free of T2D at baseline (2001-2003 and 2000-2002, respectively). Participants were followed for incident T2D until 2010 (SHFS cohort) or 2019 (MESA cohort). We used Cox proportional hazards mixed-effects models to account for clustering by family and residential zip code, with adjustment for sex, baseline age, BMI, smoking status, and education. RESULTS T2D incidence was 24.4 cases per 1,000 person-years (mean follow-up, 5.6 years) in SHFS and 11.2 per 1,000 person-years (mean follow-up, 14.0 years) in MESA. In a meta-analysis across the SHFS and MESA cohorts, the hazard ratio (95% CI) per doubling in CWS arsenic was 1.10 (1.02, 1.18). The corresponding hazard ratio was 1.09 (0.95, 1.26) in the SHFS group and 1.10 (1.01, 1.20) in the MESA group. The corresponding hazard ratio (95% CI) for arsenic in private wells and incident T2D in SHFS was 1.05 (0.95, 1.16). We observed statistical interaction and larger magnitude hazard ratios for participants with BMI <25 kg/m2 and female participants. CONCLUSIONS Low to moderate water arsenic levels (<10 µg/L) were associated with T2D incidence in the SHFS and MESA cohorts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maya Spaur
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY
| | - Marta Galvez-Fernandez
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY
| | - Qixuan Chen
- Department of Biostatistics, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY
| | - Melissa A Lombard
- U.S. Geological Survey, New England Water Science Center, Pembroke, NH
| | | | - Pam Factor-Litvak
- Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY
| | - Amanda M Fretts
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Steven J Shea
- Department of Medicine, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, and Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - Ana Navas-Acien
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY
| | - Anne E Nigra
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY
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Mushtaq N, Farooqi A, Khattak JA, Hussain I, Mailloux B, Bostick BC, Nghiem A, Ellis T, van Geen A. Elevated arsenic concentrations in groundwater of the Upper Indus Plain of Pakistan across a range of redox conditions. Sci Total Environ 2024; 912:168574. [PMID: 38000757 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
Groundwater of the Ravi River floodplain is particularly elevated in arsenic (As) on both sides of the Pakistan-India border. To understand this pattern, 14 sites were drilled to 12-30 m depth across floodplains and doabs of Pakistan after testing over 20,000 wells. Drill cuttings were collected at 1.5 m intervals, 132 of which were sand overlain by 77 intervals of clay and/or silt. Radiocarbon dating of clay indicates deposition of the aquifer sands tapped by wells 20-30 kyr ago. Most (85 %) of the sand samples were gray in color, indicating partial reduction to Fe(II) oxides, whereas most (92 %) of the clay and/or silt samples were orange. Associations between groundwater electrical conductivity, dissolved Fe, sulfate, and nitrate suggest that wells can be elevated (>10 μg/L) in As in the region due to either reductive dissolution of Fe oxides, evaporative concentration, or alkali desorption. In the Ravi floodplain, 47 % of 6445 wells tested contain >10 μg/L As compared to only 9 % of 14,165 tested wells in other floodplains and doabs. The As content of aquifer sands in the Ravi floodplain of Pakistan averages 4 ± 4 mg/kg (n = 66) and is higher than the average of 2 ± 2 mg/kg (n = 51) for aquifer sands outside the Ravi. Synchrotron spectroscopy and column-based speciation indicate predominance of As(V) over As(III) in both aquifer sands and groundwater. Whereas multiple processes may be responsible for elevated levels of As in groundwater across the region, spatial heterogeneity in groundwater As concentrations in the Ravi floodplain seems linked to variations in As concentrations in aquifer sands. Regulation by the solid phase may limit variations in groundwater As over time in response to natural and human-induced changes in hydrology. This means spatial heterogeneity could be taken advantage of to lower the exposure across the region with more testing and targeted drilling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nisbah Mushtaq
- Environmental Hydrogeochemistry Laboratory, Department of Environmental Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Abida Farooqi
- Environmental Hydrogeochemistry Laboratory, Department of Environmental Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan.
| | - Junaid Ali Khattak
- Environmental Hydrogeochemistry Laboratory, Department of Environmental Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Ishtiaque Hussain
- Environmental Hydrogeochemistry Laboratory, Department of Environmental Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Brian Mailloux
- Environmental Sciences Department, Barnard College, New York, USA
| | | | - Athena Nghiem
- Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University, New York, USA
| | - Tyler Ellis
- Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University, New York, USA
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Spaur M, Glabonjat RA, Schilling K, Lombard MA, Galvez-Fernandez M, Lieberman-Cribbin W, Hayek C, Ilievski V, Balac O, Izuchukwu C, Patterson K, Basu A, Bostick BC, Chen Q, Sanchez T, Navas-Acien A, Nigra AE. Contribution of arsenic and uranium in private wells and community water systems to urinary biomarkers in US adults: The Strong Heart Study and the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis. J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol 2024; 34:77-89. [PMID: 37558699 PMCID: PMC10853483 DOI: 10.1038/s41370-023-00586-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic exposure to inorganic arsenic (As) and uranium (U) in the United States (US) occurs from unregulated private wells and federally regulated community water systems (CWSs). The contribution of water to total exposure is assumed to be low when water As and U concentrations are low. OBJECTIVE We examined the contribution of water As and U to urinary biomarkers in the Strong Heart Family Study (SHFS), a prospective study of American Indian communities, and the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA), a prospective study of racially/ethnically diverse urban U.S. communities. METHODS We assigned residential zip code-level estimates in CWSs (µg/L) and private wells (90th percentile probability of As >10 µg/L) to up to 1485 and 6722 participants with dietary information and urinary biomarkers in the SHFS (2001-2003) and MESA (2000-2002; 2010-2011), respectively. Urine As was estimated as the sum of inorganic and methylated species, and urine U was total uranium. We used linear mixed-effects models to account for participant clustering and removed the effect of dietary sources via regression adjustment. RESULTS The median (interquartile range) urine As was 5.32 (3.29, 8.53) and 6.32 (3.34, 12.48) µg/L for SHFS and MESA, respectively, and urine U was 0.037 (0.014, 0.071) and 0.007 (0.003, 0.018) µg/L. In a meta-analysis across both studies, urine As was 11% (95% CI: 3, 20%) higher and urine U was 35% (5, 73%) higher per twofold higher CWS As and U, respectively. In the SHFS, zip-code level factors such as private well and CWS As contributed 46% of variation in urine As, while in MESA, zip-code level factors, e.g., CWS As and U, contribute 30 and 49% of variation in urine As and U, respectively. IMPACT STATEMENT We found that water from unregulated private wells and regulated CWSs is a major contributor to urinary As and U (an estimated measure of internal dose) in both rural, American Indian populations and urban, racially/ethnically diverse populations nationwide, even at levels below the current regulatory standard. Our findings indicate that additional drinking water interventions, regulations, and policies can have a major impact on reducing total exposures to As and U, which are linked to adverse health effects even at low levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maya Spaur
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Ronald A Glabonjat
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kathrin Schilling
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Melissa A Lombard
- U.S. Geological Survey, New England Water Science Center, Pembroke, NH, USA
| | - Marta Galvez-Fernandez
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Wil Lieberman-Cribbin
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Carolyn Hayek
- Columbia Water Center, Columbia Climate School, New York, NY, USA
| | - Vesna Ilievski
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Olgica Balac
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Chiugo Izuchukwu
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kevin Patterson
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Anirban Basu
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Benjamin C Bostick
- Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University, Palisades, NY, USA
| | - Qixuan Chen
- Department of Biostatistics, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Tiffany Sanchez
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ana Navas-Acien
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Anne E Nigra
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, USA
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Spaur M, Bostick BC, Chillrud SN, Factor-Litvak P, Navas-Acien A, Nigra AE. Impact of lowering the US maximum contaminant level on arsenic exposure: Differences by race, region, and water arsenic in NHANES 2003-2014. Environ Pollut 2023; 333:122047. [PMID: 37331581 PMCID: PMC10529840 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
Our objective was to evaluate regional and sociodemographic inequalities in water arsenic exposure reductions associated with the US Environmental Protection Agency's Final Arsenic Rule, which lowered the arsenic maximum contaminant level to 10 μg/L in public water systems. We analyzed 8544 participants from the 2003-14 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) reliant on community water systems (CWSs). We estimated arsenic exposure from water by recalibrating urinary dimethylarsinate (rDMA) to remove smoking and dietary contributions. We evaluated mean differences and corresponding percent reductions of urinary rDMA comparing subsequent survey cycles to 2003-04 (baseline), stratified by region, race/ethnicity, educational attainment, and tertile of CWS arsenic assigned at the county level. The overall difference (percent reduction) in urine rDMA was 0.32 μg/L (9%) among participants with the highest tertile of CWS arsenic, comparing 2013-14 to 2003-04. Declines in urinary rDMA were largest in regions with the highest water arsenic: the South [0.57 μg/L (16%)] and West [0.46 μg/L, (14%)]. Declines in urinary rDMA levels were significant and largest among Mexican American [0.99 μg/L (26%)] and Non-Hispanic White [0.25 μg/L (10%)] participants. Reductions in rDMA following the Final Arsenic Rule were highest among participants with the highest CWS arsenic concentrations, supporting legislation can benefit those who need it the most, although additional efforts are still needed to address remaining inequalities in CWS arsenic exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maya Spaur
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health. 722 W 168th St, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Benjamin C Bostick
- Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University. 61 Route 9W, Palisades, NY, USA
| | - Steven N Chillrud
- Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University. 61 Route 9W, Palisades, NY, USA
| | - Pam Factor-Litvak
- Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health. 722 W 168th St, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ana Navas-Acien
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health. 722 W 168th St, New York, NY, USA
| | - Anne E Nigra
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health. 722 W 168th St, New York, NY, USA
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Qiao J, Liu J, Palomo A, Bostick BC, Phan K, Zheng Y, Li F. Prevalence of Methylated Arsenic and Microbial Arsenic Methylation Genes in Paddy Soils of the Mekong Delta. Environ Sci Technol 2023. [PMID: 37354103 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c00210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/26/2023]
Abstract
Microbially mediated inorganic-methylated arsenic (As) transformation in paddy soil is crucial to rice safety; however, the linkages between the microbial As methylation process and methylated As species remain elusive. Here, 62 paddy soils were collected from the Mekong River delta of Cambodia to profile As-related functional gene composition involved in the As cycle. The soil As concentration ranged from <1 to 16.6 mg kg-1, with average As contents of approximately 81% as methylated As and 54% as monomethylarsenate (MMAs(V)) in the phosphate- and oxalate-extractable fractions based on As sequential extraction analysis. Quantitative PCR revealed high arsenite-methylating gene (arsM) copy numbers, and metagenomics identified consistently high arsM gene abundance. The abundance of As-related genes was the highest in bacteria, followed by archaea and fungi. Pseudomonas, Bradyrhizobium, Burkholderia, and Anaeromyxobacter were identified as bacteria harboring the most genes related to As biotransformation. Moreover, arsM and arsI (As demethylation) gene-containing operons were identified in the metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs), implying that arsM and arsI could be transcribed together. The prevalence of methylated As and arsM genes may have been overlooked in tropical paddy fields. The As methylation-demethylation cycle should be considered when manipulating the methylated As pool in paddy fields for rice safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangtao Qiao
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Integrated Agro-environmental Pollution Control and Management, Institute of Eco-environmental and Soil Sciences, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510650, China
- National-Regional Joint Engineering Research Center for Soil Pollution Control and Remediation in South China, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510650, China
| | - Jingyu Liu
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Integrated Surface Water-Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil and Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Archaea Geo-Omics, Department of Ocean Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
- Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Science (QAEHS), The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4108, Australia
| | - Alejandro Palomo
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Integrated Surface Water-Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil and Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Archaea Geo-Omics, Department of Ocean Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Benjamin C Bostick
- Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University, Palisades, New York 10964, United States
| | - Kongkea Phan
- Faculty of Science and Technology, International University, Phnom Penh 12101, Cambodia
| | - Yan Zheng
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Integrated Surface Water-Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil and Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Archaea Geo-Omics, Department of Ocean Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Fangbai Li
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Integrated Agro-environmental Pollution Control and Management, Institute of Eco-environmental and Soil Sciences, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510650, China
- National-Regional Joint Engineering Research Center for Soil Pollution Control and Remediation in South China, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510650, China
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Spaur M, Lombard MA, Ayotte JD, Bostick BC, Chillrud SN, Navas-Acien A, Nigra AE. Cross-sectional associations between drinking water arsenic and urinary inorganic arsenic in the United States: NHANES 2003-2014. Environ Res 2023; 227:115741. [PMID: 36963713 PMCID: PMC10165942 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.115741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inorganic arsenic is a potent carcinogen and toxicant associated with numerous adverse health outcomes. The contribution of drinking water from private wells and regulated community water systems (CWSs) to total inorganic arsenic exposure is not clear. OBJECTIVES To determine the association between drinking water arsenic estimates and urinary arsenic concentrations in the 2003-2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). METHODS We evaluated 11,088 participants from the 2003-2014 NHANES cycles. For each participant, we assigned private well and CWS arsenic levels according to county of residence using estimates previously derived by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and U.S. Geological Survey. We used recalibrated urinary dimethylarsinate (rDMA) to reflect the internal dose of estimated water arsenic by applying a previously validated, residual-based method that removes the contribution of dietary arsenic sources. We compared the adjusted geometric mean ratios and corresponding percent change of urinary rDMA across tertiles of private well and CWS arsenic levels, with the lowest tertile as the reference. Comparisons were made overall and stratified by census region and race/ethnicity. RESULTS Overall, the geometric mean of urinary rDMA was 2.52 (2.30, 2.77) μg/L among private well users and 2.64 (2.57, 2.72) μg/L among CWS users. Urinary rDMA was highest among participants in the West and South, and among Mexican American, Other Hispanic, and Non-Hispanic Other participants. Urinary rDMA levels were 25% (95% confidence interval (CI): 17-34%) and 20% (95% CI: 12-29%) higher comparing the highest to the lowest tertile of CWS and private well arsenic, respectively. The strongest associations between water arsenic and urinary rDMA were observed among participants in the South, West, and among Mexican American and Non-Hispanic White and Black participants. DISCUSSION Both private wells and regulated CWSs are associated with inorganic arsenic internal dose as reflected in urine in the general U.S. POPULATION
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Affiliation(s)
- Maya Spaur
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Melissa A Lombard
- U.S. Geological Survey, New England Water Science Center, Pembroke, NH, USA
| | - Joseph D Ayotte
- U.S. Geological Survey, New England Water Science Center, Pembroke, NH, USA
| | - Benjamin C Bostick
- Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University, Palisades, NY, USA
| | - Steven N Chillrud
- Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University, Palisades, NY, USA
| | - Ana Navas-Acien
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Anne E Nigra
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, USA
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Nghiem AA, Prommer H, Mozumder MRH, Siade A, Jamieson J, Ahmed KM, van Geen A, Bostick BC. Sulfate reduction accelerates groundwater arsenic contamination even in aquifers with abundant iron oxides. Nat Water 2023; 1:151-165. [PMID: 37034542 PMCID: PMC10074394 DOI: 10.1038/s44221-022-00022-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
Groundwater contamination by geogenic arsenic is a global problem affecting nearly 200 million people. In South and Southeast Asia, a cost-effective mitigation strategy is to use oxidized low-arsenic aquifers rather than reduced high-arsenic aquifers. Aquifers with abundant oxidized iron minerals are presumably safeguarded against immediate arsenic contamination, due to strong sorption of arsenic onto iron minerals. However, preferential pumping of low-arsenic aquifers can destabilize the boundaries between these aquifers, pulling high-arsenic water into low-arsenic aquifers. We investigate this scenario in a hybrid field-column experiment in Bangladesh where naturally high-arsenic groundwater is pumped through sediment cores from a low-arsenic aquifer, and detailed aqueous and solid-phase measurements are used to constrain reactive transport modelling. Here we show that elevated groundwater arsenic concentrations are induced by sulfate reduction and the predicted formation of highly mobile, poorly sorbing thioarsenic species. This process suggests that contamination of currently pristine aquifers with arsenic can occur up to over 1.5 times faster than previously thought, leading to a deterioration of urgently needed water resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athena A. Nghiem
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University, Palisades, NY, USA
- Present address: Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics, Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Present address: Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Henning Prommer
- CSIRO Environment, Wembley, Western Australia, Australia
- School of Earth Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - M. Rajib H. Mozumder
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University, Palisades, NY, USA
- Ramboll Environment & Health, Westford, MA, USA
| | - Adam Siade
- CSIRO Environment, Wembley, Western Australia, Australia
- School of Earth Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - James Jamieson
- CSIRO Environment, Wembley, Western Australia, Australia
- School of Earth Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | | | - Alexander van Geen
- Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University, Palisades, NY, USA
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8
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Haque E, Jing X, Bostick BC, Thorne PS. In vitro and in silico bioaccessibility of urban dusts contaminated by multiple legacy sources of lead (Pb). J Hazard Mater Adv 2022; 8:100178. [PMID: 36926421 PMCID: PMC10016194 DOI: 10.1016/j.hazadv.2022.100178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Lead contamination from gasoline, paint, pesticides, and smelting have unique chemical structures. Recent investigations into Pb speciation in urban soils and dusts from multiple sources have revealed emerging forms which differ from the initial sources. This results from reactions with soil constituents leading to transformation to new forms for which the bioaccessibilities remain uninvestigated. We investigated the in vitro and in silico bioaccessibility of these emerging forms in three physiologically relevant milieux: artificial lysosomal fluid (ALF), simulated epithelial lung fluid (SELF), and simulated gastric fluid (SGF). Species were validated using extended X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy. Results highlight diverse bioaccessibilities which are form and compartmentally-dependent. In ALF the bioaccessibility trend was humate-bound Pb (86%) > hydrocerussite (79%) > Fe oxide-bound Pb (47%) > galena (10%) > pyromorphite (4%) > Mn oxide-bound Pb (2%). Humate-bound Pb, hydrocerussite, Fe and Mn oxide-bound Pb were 100% bioaccessible in SGF while pyromorphite and galena were 26%, and 8%, respectively. Bioaccessibility in SELF was very low (< 1%) and significantly lower than ALF and SGF (p < 0.001). In silico bioaccessibilities modeled using equilibrium solubilities in extraction solutions were in good agreement with empirical measurements. These emerging forms of Pb have a wide range of bioaccessibilities that can influence their toxicity and impact on human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ezazul Haque
- Human Toxicology Program, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, University of Iowa, IA, USA
| | - Xuefang Jing
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, University of Iowa, IA, USA
| | | | - Peter S. Thorne
- Human Toxicology Program, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, University of Iowa, IA, USA
- Corresponding author at: 145N. Riverside Dr., 100 CPHB S341A, Iowa City, IA 52242-2007. (P.S. Thorne)
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9
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Ravalli F, Yu Y, Bostick BC, Chillrud SN, Schilling K, Basu A, Navas-Acien A, Nigra AE. Sociodemographic inequalities in uranium and other metals in community water systems across the USA, 2006-11: a cross-sectional study. Lancet Planet Health 2022; 6:e320-e330. [PMID: 35397220 PMCID: PMC9037820 DOI: 10.1016/s2542-5196(22)00043-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) currently sets maximum contaminant levels (MCLs) for ten metals or metalloids in public drinking water systems. Our objective was to estimate metal concentrations in community water systems (CWSs) across the USA, to establish if sociodemographic or regional inequalities in the metal concentrations exist, and to identify patterns of concentrations for these metals as a mixture. METHODS We evaluated routine compliance monitoring records for antimony, arsenic, barium, beryllium, cadmium, chromium, mercury, selenium, thallium, and uranium, collected from 2006-11 (2000-11 for uranium; timeframe based on compliance monitoring requirements) by the US EPA in support of their second and third Six-Year Reviews for CWSs. Arsenic, barium, chromium, selenium, and uranium (detectable in >10% records) were included in the main analyses (subgroup and metal mixture analyses; arsenic data reported previously). We compared the mean, 75th percentile, and 95th percentile contaminant concentrations and the percentage of CWSs with concentrations exceeding the MCL across subgroups (region, sociodemographic county-cluster, size of population served, source water type, and CWSs exclusively serving correctional facilities). We evaluated patterns in CWS metal concentration estimate profiles via hierarchical cluster analysis. We created an online interactive map and dashboard of estimated CWS metal concentrations for use in future analyses. FINDINGS Average metal concentrations were available for a total of 37 915 CWSs across the USA. The total number of monitoring records available was approximately 297 000 for arsenic, 165 000 for barium, 167 000 for chromium, 165 000 for selenium, and 128 000 for uranium. The percentage of analysed CWSs with average concentrations exceeding the MCL was 2·6% for arsenic (MCL=10 μg/L; nationwide mean 1·77 μg/L; n=36 798 CWSs), 2·1% for uranium (MCL=30 μg/L; nationwide mean 4·37 μg/L; n=14 503 CWSs), and less than 0·1% for the other metals. The number of records with detections was highest for uranium (63·1%). 75th and 95th percentile concentrations for uranium, chromium, barium, and selenium were highest for CWSs serving Semi-Urban, Hispanic communities, CWSs reliant on groundwater, and CWSs in the Central Midwest. Hierarchical cluster analysis revealed two distinct clusters: an arsenic-uranium-selenium cluster and a barium-chromium cluster. INTERPRETATIONS Uranium is an under-recognised contaminant in CWSs. Metal concentrations (including uranium) are elevated in CWSs serving Semi-Urban, Hispanic communities independent of location or region, highlighting environmental justice concerns. FUNDING US National Institutes of Health Office of the Director, US National Institutes for Environmental Health Sciences, and US National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filippo Ravalli
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yuanzhi Yu
- Department of Biostatistics, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Benjamin C Bostick
- Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University, Palisades, NY, USA
| | - Steven N Chillrud
- Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University, Palisades, NY, USA
| | - Kathrin Schilling
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, USA; Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University, Palisades, NY, USA
| | - Anirban Basu
- Department of Earth Sciences, Royal Halloway, University of London, Surrey, UK
| | - Ana Navas-Acien
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Anne E Nigra
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, USA.
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10
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Reich ND, Nghiem AA, Nicholas S, Bostick BC, Campbell MG. Determination of Arsenic Content in Water Using a Silver Coordination Polymer. ACS Environ Au 2022; 2:150-155. [PMID: 35662741 PMCID: PMC9165637 DOI: 10.1021/acsenvironau.1c00036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In this report, we describe a practical method for the colorimetric determination of dissolved inorganic arsenic content in water samples, using a silver coordination polymer as the sensing material. We demonstrate that a crystalline polymer framework can be used to stabilize silver(I) ions, greatly reducing both photosensitivity and water solubility, while still affording sufficient reactivity to detect arsenic in water samples at low parts-per-billion (ppb) levels. Test strips fabricated with the silver-based polymer are shown to be effective for field tests of groundwater under real-world operating conditions and display performance that is competitive with commercially available mercury-based test strips. Spectroscopic methods are also used to probe the reaction products formed, in order to better understand the sensing mechanism. Thus, our work provides the foundation for an improved field test that could be deployed to help manage groundwater usage in regions where arsenic contamination is problematic but sophisticated lab testing is not readily available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasha D Reich
- Department of Chemistry, Barnard College, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Athena A Nghiem
- Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University, Palisades, New York 10964, United States
| | - Sarah Nicholas
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, NSLS-II, Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | - Benjamin C Bostick
- Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University, Palisades, New York 10964, United States
| | - Michael G Campbell
- Department of Chemistry, Barnard College, New York, New York 10027, United States
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11
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Connolly CT, Stahl MO, DeYoung BA, Bostick BC. Surface Flooding as a Key Driver of Groundwater Arsenic Contamination in Southeast Asia. Environ Sci Technol 2022; 56:928-937. [PMID: 34951307 PMCID: PMC8766940 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c05955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Chronic exposure to groundwater contaminated with geogenic arsenic (As) poses a significant threat to human health worldwide, especially for those living on floodplains in South and Southeast (S-SE) Asia. In the alluvial and deltaic aquifers of S-SE Asia, aqueous As concentrations vary sharply over small spatial scales (10-100 m), making it challenging to identify where As contamination is present and mitigate exposure. Improved mechanistic understanding of the factors that control groundwater As levels is essential to develop models that accurately predict spatially variable groundwater As concentrations. Here we demonstrate that surface flooding duration and interannual frequency are master variables that integrate key hydrologic and biogeochemical processes that affect groundwater As levels in S-SE Asia. A machine-learning model based on high-resolution, satellite-derived, long-term measures of surface flooding duration and frequency effectively predicts heterogeneous groundwater As concentrations at fine spatial scales in Cambodia, Vietnam, and Bangladesh. Our approach can be reliably applied to identify locations of safe and unsafe groundwater sources with sufficient accuracy for making management decisions by solely using remotely sensed information. This work is important to evaluate levels of As exposure, impacts to public health, and to shed light on the underlying hydrogeochemical processes that drive As mobilization into groundwater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig T Connolly
- Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University, 61 Route 9W, Palisades, New York 10964, United States
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia University, 722 W 168th Street, New York, New York 10032, United States
- Data Science Institute, Columbia University, 550 W 120th Street, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Mason O Stahl
- Department of Geology, Union College, 807 Union Street, Schenectady, New York 12308, United States
| | - Beck A DeYoung
- Department of Geology, Union College, 807 Union Street, Schenectady, New York 12308, United States
| | - Benjamin C Bostick
- Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University, 61 Route 9W, Palisades, New York 10964, United States
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12
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Barron A, Sun J, Passaretti S, Sbarbati C, Barbieri M, Colombani N, Jamieson J, Bostick BC, Zheng Y, Mastrocicco M, Petitta M, Prommer H. In situ arsenic immobilisation for coastal aquifers using stimulated iron cycling: Lab-based viability assessment. Appl Geochem 2022; 136:105155. [PMID: 34955596 PMCID: PMC8699153 DOI: 10.1016/j.apgeochem.2021.105155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic (As) is one of the most harmful and widespread groundwater contaminants globally. Besides the occurrence of geogenic As pollution, there is also a large number of sites that have been polluted by anthropogenic activities, with many of those requiring active remediation to reduce their environmental impact. Cost-effective remedial strategies are however still sorely needed. At the laboratory-scale in situ formation of magnetite through the joint addition of nitrate and Fe(II) has shown to be a promising new technique. However, its applicability under a wider range of environmental conditions still needs to be assessed. Here we use sediment and groundwater from a severely polluted coastal aquifer and explore the efficiency of nitrate-Fe(II) treatments in mitigating dissolved As concentrations. In selected experiments >99% of dissolved As was removed, compared to unamended controls, and maintained upon addition of lactate, a labile organic carbon source. Pre- and post experimental characterisation of iron (Fe) mineral phases suggested a >90% loss of amorphous Fe oxides in favour of increased crystalline, recalcitrant oxide and sulfide phases. Magnetite formation did not occur via the nitrate-dependent oxidation of the amended Fe(II) as originally expected. Instead, magnetite is thought to have formed by the Fe(II)-catalysed transformation of pre-existing amorphous and crystalline Fe oxides. The extent of amorphous and crystalline Fe oxide transformation was then limited by the exhaustion of dissolved Fe(II). Elevated phosphate concentrations lowered the treatment efficacy indicating joint removal of phosphate is necessary for maximum impact. The remedial efficiency was not impacted by varying salinities, thus rendering the tested approach a viable remediation method for coastal aquifers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa Barron
- School of Earth Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
- CSIRO Land and Water, Wembley Australia
| | - Jing Sun
- School of Earth Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
- CSIRO Land and Water, Wembley Australia
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang, China
| | | | - Chiara Sbarbati
- Dept. of Earth Sciences, “Sapienza” University of Roma, Roma, Italy
| | | | | | - James Jamieson
- School of Earth Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
- CSIRO Land and Water, Wembley Australia
| | | | - Yan Zheng
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen (China)
| | | | - Marco Petitta
- Dept. of Earth Sciences, “Sapienza” University of Roma, Roma, Italy
| | - Henning Prommer
- School of Earth Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
- CSIRO Land and Water, Wembley Australia
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13
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Siade AJ, Bostick BC, Cirpka OA, Prommer H. Unraveling biogeochemical complexity through better integration of experiments and modeling. Environ Sci Process Impacts 2021; 23:1825-1833. [PMID: 34739021 PMCID: PMC8673474 DOI: 10.1039/d1em00303h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The evolution of groundwater quality in natural and contaminated aquifers is affected by complex interactions between physical transport and biogeochemical reactions. Identifying and quantifying the processes that control the overall system behavior is the key driver for experimentation and monitoring. However, we argue that, in contrast to other disciplines in earth sciences, process-based computer models are currently vastly underutilized in the quest for understanding subsurface biogeochemistry. Such models provide an essential avenue for quantitatively testing hypothetical combinations of interacting, complex physical and chemical processes. If a particular conceptual model, and its numerical counterpart, cannot adequately reproduce observed experimental data, its underlying hypothesis must be rejected. This quantitative process of hypothesis testing and falsification is central to scientific discovery. We provide a perspective on how closer interactions between experimentalists and numerical modelers would enhance this scientific process, and discuss the potential limitations that are currently holding us back. We also propose a data-model nexus involving a greater use of numerical process-based models for a more rigorous analysis of experimental observations while also generating the basis for a systematic improvement in the design of future experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam J Siade
- School of Earth Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley WA 6009, Australia.
- CSIRO Land and Water, Private Bag No. 5, Wembley WA 6913, Australia
| | - Benjamin C Bostick
- Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University, Palisades, NY, 10964, USA
| | - Olaf A Cirpka
- Center for Applied Geoscience, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Henning Prommer
- School of Earth Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley WA 6009, Australia.
- CSIRO Land and Water, Private Bag No. 5, Wembley WA 6913, Australia
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14
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Zhang Y, Li S, Sun J, Bostick BC, Zheng Y. Persistent arsenate-iron(iii) oxyhydroxide-organic matter nanoaggregates observed in coal. Environ Sci Nano 2021; 8:2964-2975. [PMID: 34950482 PMCID: PMC8691755 DOI: 10.1039/d1en00502b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Understanding how natural nanoaggregates of iron (Fe) and organic matter (OM), currently identified in organic rich soil or peat, interact with metals and metalloids is environmentally significant. Coal is also organic-rich and exemplifies anoxic sedimentary environments with Fe usually as pyrite and not oxides. Here, we analyze the local structure of Fe (6880-21 700 mg kg-1) and As (45-5680 mg kg-1) in representative Guizhou coal samples using X-ray absorption near-edge structure and extended X-ray absorption fine structure (XANES and EXAFS) to illustrate how Fe(iii) and As(v) are preserved in coal formed from reduced, organic-rich precursors. Arsenic XANES indicates that >80% of As exists as As(v) with <14% of As associated with sulfides in 5 Guizhou coal samples, confirming published but unexplained results. An As-Fe shell at 3.25-3.29 Å in the As EXAFS suggests that this As(v) is adsorbed on Fe(iii) oxyhydroxides as evidenced by Fe EXAFS in these coal samples. Significantly, lower Fe-Fe coordination numbers (CN) of 0.6-1.1 relative to those in 2-line ferrihydrite (CN = 1.6) and goethite (CN = 2.1) suggest that these Fe(iii) oxyhydroxides are likely Fe-OM nanoaggregates protected by OM encapsulation and adsorption of arsenate. Such structurally stabilized composites of As(v)-Fe(iii)-OM may be more widely distributed and allow oxidized As and Fe to persist in other organic-rich, reducing environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinfeng Zhang
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Plateau Wetland Conservation, Restoration and Ecological Services, College of Wetlands, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, 650224, China
- State Key Lab of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang, 550081, China
| | - Shehong Li
- State Key Lab of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang, 550081, China
| | - Jing Sun
- State Key Lab of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang, 550081, China
| | - Benjamin C Bostick
- Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University, 61 Route 9W, Palisades, NY 10964, USA
| | - Yan Zheng
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Integrated Surface Water-Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil and Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
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15
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Spaur M, Lombard MA, Ayotte JD, Harvey DE, Bostick BC, Chillrud SN, Navas-Acien A, Nigra AE. Associations between private well water and community water supply arsenic concentrations in the conterminous United States. Sci Total Environ 2021; 787:147555. [PMID: 33991916 PMCID: PMC8192485 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.147555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Geogenic arsenic contamination typically occurs in groundwater as opposed to surface water supplies. Groundwater is a major source for many community water systems (CWSs) in the United States (US). Although the US Environmental Protection Agency sets the maximum contaminant level (MCL enforceable since 2006: 10 μg/L) for arsenic in CWSs, private wells are not federally regulated. We evaluated county-level associations between modeled values of the probability of private well arsenic exceeding 10 μg/L and CWS arsenic concentrations for 2231 counties in the conterminous US, using time invariant private well arsenic estimates and CWS arsenic estimates for two time periods. Nationwide, county-level CWS arsenic concentrations increased by 8.4 μg/L per 100% increase in the probability of private well arsenic exceeding 10 μg/L for 2006-2008 (the initial compliance monitoring period after MCL implementation), and by 7.3 μg/L for 2009-2011 (the second monitoring period following MCL implementation) (1.1 μg/L mean decline over time). Regional differences in this temporal decline suggest that interventions to implement the MCL were more pronounced in regions served primarily by groundwater. The strong association between private well and CWS arsenic in Rural, American Indian, and Semi Urban, Hispanic counties suggests that future research and regulatory support are needed to reduce water arsenic exposures in these vulnerable subpopulations. This comparison of arsenic exposure values from major private and public drinking water sources nationwide is critical to future assessments of drinking water arsenic exposure and health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maya Spaur
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Melissa A Lombard
- U.S. Geological Survey, New England Water Science Center, Pembroke, NH, USA
| | - Joseph D Ayotte
- U.S. Geological Survey, New England Water Science Center, Pembroke, NH, USA
| | - David E Harvey
- U.S. Public Health Service, Commissioned Corps, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Benjamin C Bostick
- Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University, Palisades, NY, USA
| | - Steven N Chillrud
- Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University, Palisades, NY, USA
| | - Ana Navas-Acien
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Anne E Nigra
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, USA
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16
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Haque E, Thorne PS, Nghiem AA, Yip CS, Bostick BC. Lead (Pb) concentrations and speciation in residential soils from an urban community impacted by multiple legacy sources. J Hazard Mater 2021; 416:125886. [PMID: 34492824 PMCID: PMC8666965 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.125886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2021] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
In many urban areas, elevated soil lead (Pb) concentrations are indicators of community-level Pb exposure. Here, we examine the spatial distribution and speciation of legacy soil Pb contamination in East Chicago, Ind., an industrial center with a wide range of Pb sources including a former lead smelter. In situ X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (n = 358) revealed widespread soil Pb contamination above the Environmental Protection Agency regulatory limit for soils. This soil contamination was heterogenous across all neighborhoods, and mostly uncorrelated with distance from the former smelting site. Soil Pb levels increased with decreasing median household income in East Chicago's nine neighborhoods (r = -0.73, p = 0.03). Extended X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy (n = 44) indicated that the soil Pb was primarily adsorbed to iron and manganese oxides or humic acids, and as Pb hydroxycarbonate regardless of contamination levels. Crystalline insoluble forms of Pb, like pyromorphite, were not detected in significant concentrations. Thus, the unique chemical forms of potential Pb sources to soil, such as paint, ore and slag are not persistent and instead are extensively repartitioned into acid-soluble forms of Pb with greater bioavailability. These findings have implications for remediation efforts and human health as blood Pb levels in this community are significantly elevated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ezazul Haque
- Human Toxicology Program, Graduate College, University of Iowa, USA; Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, USA
| | - Peter S Thorne
- Human Toxicology Program, Graduate College, University of Iowa, USA; Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, USA.
| | - Athena A Nghiem
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA; Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University, Palisades, New York, USA
| | - Caryn S Yip
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, USA
| | - Benjamin C Bostick
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA; Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University, Palisades, New York, USA.
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17
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Glodowska M, Schneider M, Eiche E, Kontny A, Neumann T, Straub D, Berg M, Prommer H, Bostick BC, Nghiem AA, Kleindienst S, Kappler A. Fermentation, methanotrophy and methanogenesis influence sedimentary Fe and As dynamics in As-affected aquifers in Vietnam. Sci Total Environ 2021; 779:146501. [PMID: 34030262 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.146501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
High arsenic (As) concentrations in groundwater are a worldwide problem threatening the health of millions of people. Microbial processes are central in the (trans)formation of the As-bearing ferric and ferrous minerals, and thus regulate dissolved As levels in many aquifers. Mineralogy, microbiology and dissolved As levels can vary sharply within aquifers, making high-resolution measurements particularly valuable in understanding the linkages between them. We conducted a high spatial resolution geomicrobiological study in combination with analysis of sediment chemistry and mineralogy in an alluvial aquifer system affected by geogenic As in the Red River delta in Vietnam. Microbial community analysis revealed a dominance of fermenters, methanogens and methanotrophs whereas sediment mineralogy along a 46 m deep core showed a diversity of Fe minerals including poorly crystalline Fe (II/III) and Fe(III) (oxyhydr)oxides such as goethite, hematite, and magnetite, but also the presence of Fe(II)-bearing carbonates and sulfides which likely formed as a result of microbially driven organic carbon (OC) degradation. A potential important role of methane (CH4) as electron donor for reductive Fe mineral (trans)formation was supported by the high abundance of Candidatus Methanoperedens, a known Fe(III)-reducing methanotroph. Overall, these results imply that OC turnover including fermentation, methanogenesis and CH4 oxidation are important mechanisms leading to Fe mineral (trans)formation, dissolution and precipitation, and thus indirectly affecting As mobility by changing the Fe-mineral inventory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martyna Glodowska
- Geomicrobiology, Center for Applied Geosciences, University of Tübingen, Germany; Microbial Ecology, Center for Applied Geosciences, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Microbiology, IWWR, Radboud University, the Netherlands.
| | - Magnus Schneider
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute of Applied Geosciences, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Eiche
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute of Applied Geosciences, Germany
| | - Agnes Kontny
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute of Applied Geosciences, Germany
| | - Thomas Neumann
- Technical University of Berlin, Institute for Applied Geosciences, Berlin, Germany
| | - Daniel Straub
- Microbial Ecology, Center for Applied Geosciences, University of Tübingen, Germany; Quantitative Biology Center (QBiC), University of Tübingen, Germany
| | - Michael Berg
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Henning Prommer
- School of Earth Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia; CSIRO Land and Water, Floreat, WA, Australia
| | | | | | - Sara Kleindienst
- Microbial Ecology, Center for Applied Geosciences, University of Tübingen, Germany
| | - Andreas Kappler
- Geomicrobiology, Center for Applied Geosciences, University of Tübingen, Germany
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18
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Yang W, Luo L, Bostick BC, Wiita E, Cheng Y, Shen Y. Effect of combined arsenic and lead exposure on their uptake and translocation in Indian mustard. Environ Pollut 2021; 274:116549. [PMID: 33529900 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.116549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 12/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Phytoremediation makes use of hyperaccumulating plants to remove potentially toxic elements (PTEs) from soil selectively. Most researches examining hyperaccumulators focused on how they act on a single PTE contaminant. However, there is more than one kind of PTEs in most contaminated soils. Phytoremediation approaches could be less effective in environments containing multiple PTEs contaminants. Here we examine arsenic (As) and lead (Pb) accumulation in Indian Mustard (Brassica juncea) from solutions with one or both pollutants. Indian mustard accumulates As or Pb when exposed in the single liquid exposure of As or Pb, and the highest concentrations of As and Pb in Indian Mustard reach 1,786 mg/kg and 47,200 mg/kg, respectively. But the absorption efficiencies of As and Pb decrease (by >90% for As, and ∼10-30% for Pb) when both As and Pb are present. The translocation of As and Pb from the root to leaf is also impeded by 36%-88% for As and 55-85% for Pb when treated with both PTEs. In As and Pb co-treatment, significant negative correlations between As (V) and P and between Pb and other elements (including K, Mg and Ca) were found in Indian mustard. X-ray absorption near edge (XANES) spectroscopy and subcellular extraction experiments indicate that much of the accumulated Pb bound within lead phosphate particles, and often located within the cell wall. Pb could decrease the percentage of water-soluble As and increase protein combined As in subcellular levels within Indian mustard. Based on these data, we suggest that the competition between Pb and monovalent and divalent nutrients (e.g., Ca(II), Mg(II) and K(I)), and the formation of lead phosphates within cell walls play critical roles in decreasing As and Pb co-uptake efficiencies for Indian mustard.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenlei Yang
- National Research Center of Geoanalysis, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing, 100037, China; China University of Geosciences, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Liqiang Luo
- National Research Center of Geoanalysis, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Benjamin C Bostick
- Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University, Palisades, New York, NY, 10964, USA
| | - Elizabeth Wiita
- Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University, Palisades, New York, NY, 10964, USA; Barnard College, Department of Chemistry, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Youfa Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Yating Shen
- National Research Center of Geoanalysis, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing, 100037, China; Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University, Palisades, New York, NY, 10964, USA; Key Laboratory of Eco-Geochemistry, Ministry of Natural Resources of China, Beijing, 100037, China.
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19
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Sun Y, Sun J, Nghiem AA, Bostick BC, Ellis T, Han L, Li Z, Liu S, Han S, Zhang M, Xia Y, Zheng Y. Reduction of iron (hydr)oxide-bound arsenate: Evidence from high depth resolution sampling of a reducing aquifer in Yinchuan Plain, China. J Hazard Mater 2021; 406:124615. [PMID: 33310320 PMCID: PMC7937834 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.124615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Sediment in fluvial-deltaic plains with high-As groundwater is heterogenous but its characterization of As and Fe oxidation states lacks resolution, and is rarely attempted for aqueous and solid phases simultaneously. Here, we pair high-resolution (> 1 sample/meter) Fe extended fine-structure spectroscopy (EXAFS, n = 40) and As X-ray absorption near-edge spectroscopy (XANES, n = 49) with groundwater composition and metagenomics measurements for two sediment cores and their associated wells (n = 8) from the Yinchuan Plain in northwest China. At shallower depths, nitrate and Mn/Fe reducing sediment zones are fine textured, contain 9.6 ± 5.6 mg kg-1 of As(V) and 2.3 ± 2.7 mg kg-1 of As(III) with 9.1 ± 8.1 g kg-1 of Fe(III) (hydr)oxides, with bacterial genera capable of As and Fe reduction identified. In four deeper 10-m sections, sulfate-reducing sediments are coarser and contain 2.6 ± 1.3 mg kg-1 of As(V) and 1.1 ± 1.0 mg kg-1 of As(III) with 3.2 ± 2.6 g kg-1 of Fe(III) (hydr)oxides, even though groundwater As concentrations can exceed 200 μg/L, mostly as As(III). Super-enrichment of sediment As (42-133 mg kg-1, n = 7) at shallower depth is due to redox trapping during past groundwater discharge. Active As and Fe reduction is supported by the contrast between the As(III)-dominated groundwater and the As(V)-dominated sediment, and by the decreasing sediment As(V) and Fe(III) (hydr)oxides concentrations with depth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqin Sun
- College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Integrated Surface Water-Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil and Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Jing Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang, China
| | - Athena A Nghiem
- Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University, 61 Route 9W, Palisades, NY 10964, United States
| | - Benjamin C Bostick
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Integrated Surface Water-Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China; Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University, 61 Route 9W, Palisades, NY 10964, United States
| | - Tyler Ellis
- Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University, 61 Route 9W, Palisades, NY 10964, United States
| | - Long Han
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Integrated Surface Water-Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil and Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Zengyi Li
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Integrated Surface Water-Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil and Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Songlin Liu
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Integrated Surface Water-Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil and Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Shuangbao Han
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Integrated Surface Water-Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil and Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Miao Zhang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Integrated Surface Water-Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil and Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yu Xia
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Integrated Surface Water-Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil and Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yan Zheng
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Integrated Surface Water-Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil and Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China.
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20
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Peli M, Bostick BC, Barontini S, Lucchini RG, Ranzi R. Profiles and species of Mn, Fe and trace metals in soils near a ferromanganese plant in Bagnolo Mella (Brescia, IT). Sci Total Environ 2021; 755:143123. [PMID: 33160660 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2020] [Revised: 10/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
For the last forty-five years (from 1974 to present) ferroalloy production in Bagnolo Mella, Northern Italy, has generated particulate emissions enriched in potentially toxic metals and metalloids including arsenic (As), lead (Pb) and manganese (Mn). Of these, Mn is unique in that it has a significant background concentration and is seldom studied as a contaminant but is potentially a significant toxin derived from dusts regionally. Here we examine the distribution, redistribution, speciation and bioavailability of the Mn-contaminated top soils affected by atmospheric emissions adjacent to the ferroalloy plant. Four sites, variably located in the study area in terms of both distance and direction from the plant, were considered as representative of increasing levels of industrial influence. Soil profiles showed that metal concentrations (measured by X-ray fluorescence) varied considerably by location, i.e. higher in the sites closer to the plant and also at the surface level, although distributed throughout the top 15 cm, suggesting appreciable redistribution possibly due to soil mixing or infiltration. Most metal concentrations were correlated, except Mn which was independent and more variable across the sites than the other elements. Sequential chemical extractions indicated that Pb was primarily associated with Mn oxides, while As was most significantly associated with iron oxides. When Mn concentration significantly exceeded background levels, it was present in phases that were resistant to acid dissolution, very different from typical uncontaminated soils. X-ray Absorption Near Edge Spectroscopy (XANES) analyses suggested this recalcitrant Mn phase is likely a Mn-bearing spinel such as magnetite, that can be particularly toxic if ingested or inhaled. These first results highlight the legacy of ferroalloy production on surrounding soils, as well as the importance of Mn speciation for soil apportionment evaluation and human exposure estimation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Peli
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Civile, Architettura, Territorio, Ambiente e di Matematica, DICATAM - Università degli Studi di Brescia; via Branze 43, 25123 Brescia, BS, Italy.
| | - Benjamin C Bostick
- Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University; 61 Route 9W - PO Box 1000, Palisades, NY 10964-8000, USA.
| | - Stefano Barontini
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Civile, Architettura, Territorio, Ambiente e di Matematica, DICATAM - Università degli Studi di Brescia; via Branze 43, 25123 Brescia, BS, Italy.
| | - Roberto G Lucchini
- Dipartimento di Specialità Medico Chirurgiche, Scienze Radiologiche e Sanità Pubblica, DSMC - Università dezgli Studi di Brescia, Viale Europa 11, 25123 Brescia, BS, Italy; Environmental Medicine & Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 17 E 102 St Floor Third - West Tower, New York, NY 10029, USA.
| | - Roberto Ranzi
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Civile, Architettura, Territorio, Ambiente e di Matematica, DICATAM - Università degli Studi di Brescia; via Branze 43, 25123 Brescia, BS, Italy.
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21
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Nghiem AA, Shen Y, Stahl M, Sun J, Haque E, DeYoung B, Nguyen KN, Mai TT, Trang PTK, Pham HV, Mailloux B, Harvey CF, van Geen A, Bostick BC. Aquifer-Scale Observations of Iron Redox Transformations in Arsenic-Impacted Environments to Predict Future Contamination. Environ Sci Technol Lett 2020; 7:916-922. [PMID: 33604397 PMCID: PMC7886273 DOI: 10.1021/acs.estlett.0c00672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Iron oxides control the mobility of a host of contaminants in aquifer systems, and the microbial reduction of iron oxides in the subsurface is linked to high levels of arsenic in groundwater that affects greater than 150 million people globally. Paired observations of groundwater and solid-phase aquifer composition are critical to understand spatial and temporal trends in contamination and effectively manage changing water resources, yet field-representative mineralogical data are sparse across redox gradients relevant to arsenic contamination. We characterize iron mineralogy using X-ray absorption spectroscopy across a natural gradient of groundwater arsenic contamination in Vietnam. Hierarchical cluster analysis classifies sediments into meaningful groups delineating weathering and redox changes, diagnostic of depositional history, in this first direct characterization of redox transformations in the field. Notably, these groupings reveal a signature of iron minerals undergoing active reduction before the onset of arsenic contamination in groundwater. Pleistocene sediments undergoing postdepositional reduction may be more extensive than previously recognized due to previous misclassification. By upscaling to similar environments in South and Southeast Asia via multinomial logistic regression modeling, we show that active iron reduction, and therefore susceptibility to future arsenic contamination, is more widely distributed in presumably pristine aquifers than anticipated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athena A Nghiem
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences and Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Yating Shen
- Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University, Palisades, New York 10964, United States; National Research Center of Geoanalysis, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Mason Stahl
- Department of Geology, Union College, Schenectady, New York 12308, United States
| | - Jing Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang China
| | - Ezazul Haque
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
| | - Beck DeYoung
- Department of Geology, Union College, Schenectady, New York 12308, United States
| | - Khue N Nguyen
- Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University, Palisades, New York 10964, United States
| | - Tran Thi Mai
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Technology for Environmental Quality and Food Safety Control (KLATEFOS), VNU University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Pham Thi Kim Trang
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Technology for Environmental Quality and Food Safety Control (KLATEFOS), VNU University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Hung Viet Pham
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Technology for Environmental Quality and Food Safety Control (KLATEFOS), VNU University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Brian Mailloux
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Barnard College, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Charles F Harvey
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Alexander van Geen
- Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University, Palisades, New York 10964, United States
| | - Benjamin C Bostick
- Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University, Palisades, New York 10964, United States
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22
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Mozumder MRH, Bostick BC, Selim M, Islam MA, Shoenfelt EM, Ellis T, Mailloux BJ, Choudhury I, Ahmed KM, van Geen A. Similar retardation of arsenic in gray Holocene and orange Pleistocene sediments: Evidence from field-based column experiments in Bangladesh. Water Res 2020; 183:116081. [PMID: 32784107 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2020.116081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Groundwater flow has the potential to introduce arsenic (As) in previously uncontaminated aquifers. The extent to which As transport is retarded by adsorption is particularly relevant in Bangladesh where low-As wells offer the best chance of reducing chronic exposure to As of a large rural population dependent on groundwater. In this study, column experiments were conducted with intact cores in the field to measure As retardation. Freshly collected cores of reduced iron (Fe-II) dominated gray sediment of Holocene age as well as oxidized Fe (III)-coated orange sediment of Pleistocene age were eluted at pore-water velocities of 40-230 cm/day with anoxic groundwater pumped directly from a well and containing 320 μg/L As. Up to 100 μg/L As was immediately released from gray sand but the main As breakthrough for both gray and orange sand occurred between 30 and 70 pore volumes, depending on flow rate. The early release of As from gray sand is attributed to the presence of a weakly bound pool of As. The sorption of As was kinetically limited in both gray and orange sand columns. We used a reversible multi-reaction transport model to simulate As breakthrough curves while keeping the model parameters as constant as possible. Contrary to the notion that dissolved As is sorbed more strongly to orange sands, we show that As was similarly retarded in both gray and orange sands in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Rajib H Mozumder
- Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University, NY, 10964, USA; Now at Gradient, One Beacon Street, 17th Floor, Boston, MA, 02108, USA.
| | | | - Magdi Selim
- School of Plant, Environmental, and Soil Sciences, Louisiana State University AgCenter, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, USA
| | - M Atikul Islam
- Department of Geology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Elizabeth M Shoenfelt
- Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University, NY, 10964, USA; Now at Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Tyler Ellis
- Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University, NY, 10964, USA
| | - Brian J Mailloux
- Environmental Science, Barnard College, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Imtiaz Choudhury
- Department of Geology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Kazi M Ahmed
- Department of Geology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh
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23
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Peli M, Bostick BC, Barontini S, Placidi D, Giorgino A, Ranzi R, Smith DR, Conversano M, Lucchini RG. Distribution of Manganese-Substituted Magnetites in Dusts from Taranto, Italy. Eur J Public Health 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckaa166.139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Elevated exposure to manganese (Mn) in environmental dusts and airborne particulates, particular from ferromanganese alloy steel production and metal working, is associated with a number of negative health outcomes, including Parkinsonism and other nervous system diseases. Manganese contamination and exposure from industrial sources is difficult to identify or quantify, as manganese is naturally abundant in the environment, and means to distinctly identify or fingerprint Mn arising from different industrial and environmental sources are limited. Here, the chemical and mineralogical properties of Mn in dusts from an active steel production facility in Taranto, Italy, were compared with those of indoor and outdoor deposited dust samples and surface soils collected in a series of schools in the nearby town. X-ray absorption spectroscopy revealed distinct chemical forms of Mn in industrial sources from those in typical background soils. Manganese ore from the facility contained abundant Mn(III, IV) oxides, while Mn-substituted magnetites were the most abundant mineral phase in dusts found in areas of the plant where metal was produced or combustion occurred. All school dusts were primarily composed of Mn-substituted magnetites, while most of the soils contained abundant manganese(IV) oxides. Source apportionment of Mn in regional dust and soil samples was estimated using linear combination fitting with representative industrial source materials. Manganese in dusts from the Taranto area community adjacent to the plant was derived primarily from industrially-sourced dusts produced during high temperature coke or steel production rather than re-suspended local soils or ore source material. Soils contained smaller proportion of industrially-derived Mn and are distinct from dusts, indicating that soil is a minor contributor of dust Mn in this area.
Key messages
Manganese speciation gives useful information in investigating Mn toxicology to humans in urban areas. Manganese-substituted magnetites may represent the target compound useful to distinguish toxic and non-toxic Mn-containing elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Peli
- Department of Civil, Environmental, Architectural Engineering, Università degli Studi di Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - B C Bostick
- Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University, New York, USA
| | - S Barontini
- Department of Civil, Environmental, Architectural Engineering, Università degli Studi di Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - D Placidi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological, Università degli Studi di Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - A Giorgino
- Department of Prevention, Local Health Authority of Taranto, Taranto, Italy
| | - R Ranzi
- Department of Civil, Environmental, Architectural Engineering, Università degli Studi di Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - D R Smith
- Department of Microbiology and Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Santa Cruz, USA
| | - M Conversano
- Department of Prevention, Local Health Authority of Taranto, Taranto, Italy
| | - R G Lucchini
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological, Università degli Studi di Brescia, Brescia, Italy
- Department of Environmental Medicine & Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
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24
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Nghiem AA, Stahl MO, Mailloux BJ, Mai TT, Trang PT, Viet PH, Harvey CF, van Geen A, Bostick BC. Quantifying Riverine Recharge Impacts on Redox Conditions and Arsenic Release in Groundwater Aquifers Along the Red River, Vietnam. Water Resour Res 2019; 55:6712-6728. [PMID: 34079149 PMCID: PMC8168572 DOI: 10.1029/2019wr024816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Widespread contamination of groundwater with geogenic arsenic is attributed to microbial dissolution of arsenic-bearing iron (oxyhydr)oxides minerals coupled to the oxidation of organic carbon. The recharge sources to an aquifer can influence groundwater arsenic concentrations by transport of dissolved arsenic or reactive constituents that affect arsenic mobilization. To understand how different recharge sources affect arsenic contamination-in particular through their influence on organic carbon and sulfate cycling-we delineated and quantified recharge sources in the arsenic affected region around Hanoi, Vietnam. We constrained potential end-member compositions and employed a novel end-member mixing model using an ensemble approach to apportion recharge sources. Groundwater arsenic and dissolved organic carbon concentrations are controlled by the dominant source of recharge. High arsenic concentrations are prevalent regardless of high dissolved organic carbon or ammonium levels, indicative of organic matter decomposition, where the dominant recharge source is riverine. In contrast, high dissolved organic carbon and significant organic matter decomposition are required to generate elevated groundwater arsenic where recharge is largely nonriverine. These findings suggest that in areas of riverine recharge, arsenic may be efficiently mobilized from reactive surficial environments and carried from river-aquifer interfaces into groundwater. In groundwaters derived from nonriverine recharge areas, significantly more organic carbon mineralization is required to obtain equivalent levels of arsenic mobilization within inland sediments. This method can be broadly applied to examine the connection between hydrology, geochemistry and groundwater quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athena A Nghiem
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University, Palisades, NY, USA
| | - Mason O Stahl
- Department of Geology, Union College, Schenectady, NY, USA
| | - Brian J Mailloux
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Barnard College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Tran Thi Mai
- Research Centre for Environmental Technology and Sustainable Development, Hanoi University of Science and Technology, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Pham Thi Trang
- Research Centre for Environmental Technology and Sustainable Development, Hanoi University of Science and Technology, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Pham Hung Viet
- Research Centre for Environmental Technology and Sustainable Development, Hanoi University of Science and Technology, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Charles F Harvey
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Alexander van Geen
- Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University, Palisades, NY, USA
| | - Benjamin C Bostick
- Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University, Palisades, NY, USA
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25
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Sun J, Bostick BC, Mailloux BJ, Jamieson J, Yan B, Pitiranggon M, Chillrud SN. Arsenic mobilization from iron oxides in the presence of oxalic acid under hydrodynamic conditions. Chemosphere 2018; 212:219-227. [PMID: 30144683 PMCID: PMC6431252 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.08.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Revised: 08/04/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Oxalic acid potentially enhances pump-and-treat for groundwater As remediation by accelerating mobilization. This study examines how oxalic acid mobilizes As from Fe(III)-oxide coated sand under hydrodynamic conditions. Four columns were packed with metal-substituted ferrihydrite or goethite to 1% Fe, presorbed to 50% As surface coverage, and reacted with pH = 2.2 artificial groundwater amended with 10 mM oxalic acid at 1 m day-1. Arsenic elution was affected by both As and Fe speciation. Although the As(V) columns experienced faster substrate dissolution, As(V) elution was delayed by re-adsorption, whereas As(III) elution was rapid due to pH decrease that prevented re-adsorption. Cr-ferrihydrite and Ni-goethite dissolved both effectively initially but then diverged. The Cr-ferrihydrite columns experienced continuous stoichiometric Fe and Cr release, and As release could be sustained. The Ni-goethite columns initially experienced nonstoichiometric Fe and Ni release, and As release was extensive. Such release, however, was not sustained. We hypothesized that Ni-goethite contained sites with distinct reactivity, and oxalic acid targeted readily-dissolved, sorption-dense sites. Our data indicate that oxalic acid-enhanced pump-and-treat methods would be easier to apply to aquifers dominated by As(III), requiring less amendment to be injected; such oxalic acid-enhanced methods remove reactive sediment Fe and As, potentially preventing future groundwater contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Sun
- Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University, 61 Route 9W, Palisades, NY 10964, United States; School of Earth Sciences, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Perth, WA 6009, Australia.
| | - Benjamin C Bostick
- Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University, 61 Route 9W, Palisades, NY 10964, United States
| | - Brian J Mailloux
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Barnard College, 3009 Broadway, New York, NY 10027, United States
| | - James Jamieson
- School of Earth Sciences, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Beizhan Yan
- Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University, 61 Route 9W, Palisades, NY 10964, United States
| | - Masha Pitiranggon
- Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University, 61 Route 9W, Palisades, NY 10964, United States
| | - Steven N Chillrud
- Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University, 61 Route 9W, Palisades, NY 10964, United States.
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26
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Sun J, Frommer H, Siade AJ, Chillrud SN, Mailloux BJ, Bostick BC. Model-Based Analysis of Arsenic Immobilization via Iron Mineral Transformation under Advective Flows. Environ Sci Technol 2018; 52:9243-9253. [PMID: 30039966 PMCID: PMC6429028 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.8b01762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Recent laboratory studies have demonstrated that coinjection of nitrate and Fe(II) (as ferrous sulfate) to As-bearing sediments can produce an Fe mineral assemblage containing magnetite capable of immobilizing advected As under a relatively wide range of aquifer conditions. This study combined laboratory findings with process-based numerical modeling approaches, to quantify the observed Fe mineral (trans)formation and concomitant As partitioning dynamics and to assess potential nitrate-Fe(II) remediation strategies for field implementation. The model development was guided by detailed solution and sediment data from our well-controlled column experiment. The modeling results demonstrated that the fate of As during the experiment was primarily driven by ferrihydrite formation and reductive transformation and that different site densities were identified for natural and neoformed ferrihydrite to explain the observations both before and after nitrate-Fe(II) injection. Our results also highlighted that when ferrihydrite was nearing depletion, As immobilization ultimately relied on the presence of magnetite. On the basis of the column model, field-scale predictive simulations were conducted to illustrate the feasibility of the nitrate-Fe(II) strategy for intercepting advected As from a plume. The predictive simulations, which suggested that long-term As immobilization was feasible, favored a scenario that maintains high dissolved Fe(II) concentration during injection periods and thereby converts ferrihydrite to magnetite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Sun
- School of Earth Sciences, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Perth, Western Australia 6009, Australia
- CSIRO Land and Water, Private Bag No. 5, Wembley, Western Australia 6913, Australia
- Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University, 61 Route 9W, Palisades, New York 10964, United States
| | - Henning Frommer
- School of Earth Sciences, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Perth, Western Australia 6009, Australia
- CSIRO Land and Water, Private Bag No. 5, Wembley, Western Australia 6913, Australia
- National Centre for Groundwater Research and Training, Adelaide, South Australia 5001, Australia
- Corresponding Author Phone: +61 8 93336272; Fax: +61 8 9333 6499;
| | - Adam J. Siade
- School of Earth Sciences, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Perth, Western Australia 6009, Australia
- CSIRO Land and Water, Private Bag No. 5, Wembley, Western Australia 6913, Australia
- National Centre for Groundwater Research and Training, Adelaide, South Australia 5001, Australia
| | - Steven N. Chillrud
- Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University, 61 Route 9W, Palisades, New York 10964, United States
| | - Brian J. Mailloux
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Barnard College, 3009 Broadway, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Benjamin C. Bostick
- Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University, 61 Route 9W, Palisades, New York 10964, United States
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27
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Mak CL, Bostick BC, Yassin NM, Campbell MG. Argentophilic Interactions in Solution: An EXAFS Study of Silver(I) Nitrene Transfer Catalysts. Inorg Chem 2018; 57:5720-5722. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.8b00934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Choi L. Mak
- Department of Chemistry, Barnard College, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Benjamin C. Bostick
- Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University, Palisades, New York 10964, United States
| | - Nadine M. Yassin
- Department of Chemistry, Barnard College, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Michael G. Campbell
- Department of Chemistry, Barnard College, New York, New York 10027, United States
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28
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Haque E, Mailloux BJ, de Wolff D, Gilioli S, Kelly C, Ahmed E, Small C, Ahmed KM, van Geen A, Bostick BC. Quantitative drinking water arsenic concentrations in field environments using mobile phone photometry of field kits. Sci Total Environ 2018; 618:579-585. [PMID: 29102200 PMCID: PMC5773362 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.12.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2016] [Revised: 11/28/2016] [Accepted: 12/18/2016] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic (As) groundwater contamination is common yet spatially heterogeneous within most environments. It is therefore necessary to measure As concentrations to determine whether a water source is safe to drink. Measurement of As in the field involves using a test strip that changes color in the presence of As. These tests are relatively inexpensive, but results are subjective and provide binned categorical data rather than exact determinations of As concentration. The goal of this work was to determine if photos of field kit test strips taken on mobile phone cameras could be used to extract more precise, continuous As concentrations. As concentrations for 376 wells sampled from Araihazar, Bangladesh were analyzed using ICP-MS, field kit and the new mobile phone photo method. Results from the field and lab indicate that normalized RGB color data extracted from images were able to accurately predict As concentrations as measured by ICP-MS, achieving detection limits of 9.2μg/L, and 21.9μg/L for the lab and field respectively. Data analysis is most consistent in the laboratory, but can successfully be carried out offline following image analysis, or on the mobile phone using basic image analysis software. The accuracy of the field method was limited by variability in image saturation, and variation in the illumination spectrum (lighting) and camera response. This work indicates that mobile phone cameras can be used as an analytical tool for quantitative measures of As and could change how water samples are analyzed in the field more widely, and that modest improvements in the consistency of photographic image collection and processing could yield measurements that are both accurate and precise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ezazul Haque
- Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University, Route 9 W, Palisades, New York 10964, United States; Department of Environmental Science, Barnard College, 3009 Broadway, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Brian J Mailloux
- Department of Environmental Science, Barnard College, 3009 Broadway, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Daisy de Wolff
- Department of Environmental Science, Barnard College, 3009 Broadway, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Sabina Gilioli
- Department of Environmental Science, Barnard College, 3009 Broadway, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Colette Kelly
- Department of Environmental Science, Barnard College, 3009 Broadway, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Ershad Ahmed
- Department of Geology, Dhaka University, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Christopher Small
- Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University, Route 9 W, Palisades, New York 10964, United States
| | | | - Alexander van Geen
- Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University, Route 9 W, Palisades, New York 10964, United States
| | - Benjamin C Bostick
- Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University, Route 9 W, Palisades, New York 10964, United States.
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Sun J, Mailloux BJ, Chillrud SN, van Geen A, Thompson A, Bostick BC. Simultaneously Quantifying Ferrihydrite and Goethite in Natural Sediments Using the Method of Standard Additions with X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy. Chem Geol 2018; 476:248-259. [PMID: 29353912 PMCID: PMC5771421 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2017.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The presence of ferrihydrite in sediments/soils is critical to the cycling of iron (Fe) and many other elements but difficult to quantify. Extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) spectroscopy has been used to speciate Fe in the solid phase, but this method is thought to have difficulties in distinguishing ferrihydrite from goethite and other minerals. In this study, both conventional EXAFS linear combination fitting (LCF) and the method of standard-additions are applied to the same samples in attempt to quantify ferrihydrite and goethite more rigorously. Natural aquifer sediments from Bangladesh and the United States were spiked with known quantities of ferrihydrite, goethite and magnetite, and analyzed by EXAFS. Known mineral mixtures were also analyzed. Evaluations of EXAFS spectra of mineral references and EXAFS-LCF fits on various samples indicate that ferrihydrite and microcrystalline goethite can be distinguished and quantified by EXAFS-LCF but that the choice of mineral references is critical to yield consistent results. Conventional EXAFS-LCF and the method of standard-additions both identified appreciable amount of ferrihydrite in Bangladesh sediments that were obtained from a low-arsenic Pleistocene aquifer. Ferrihydrite was also independently detected by sequential extraction and 57Fe Mӧssbauer spectroscopy. These observations confirm the accuracy of conventional EXAFS-LCF and demonstrate that combining EXAFS with additions of reference materials provides a more robust means of quantifying short-range-ordered minerals in complex samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Sun
- Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, PO Box 1000, 61 Route 9W, Palisades, NY 10964, USA
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Columbia University, Mail Code 5505, New York, NY 10027, USA
- School of Earth Sciences, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
- Corresponding authors. Sun: Phone: (+61) 8 9333 6011; Fax: (+61) 8 9333 6499; ; Bostick: Phone: (+1) 845 365 8659; Fax: (+1) 845 365 8155;
| | - Brian J. Mailloux
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Barnard College, 3009 Broadway, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Steven N. Chillrud
- Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, PO Box 1000, 61 Route 9W, Palisades, NY 10964, USA
| | - Alexander van Geen
- Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, PO Box 1000, 61 Route 9W, Palisades, NY 10964, USA
| | - Aaron Thompson
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Benjamin C. Bostick
- Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, PO Box 1000, 61 Route 9W, Palisades, NY 10964, USA
- Corresponding authors. Sun: Phone: (+61) 8 9333 6011; Fax: (+61) 8 9333 6499; ; Bostick: Phone: (+1) 845 365 8659; Fax: (+1) 845 365 8155;
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Gnanaprakasam ET, Lloyd JR, Boothman C, Ahmed KM, Choudhury I, Bostick BC, van Geen A, Mailloux BJ. Microbial Community Structure and Arsenic Biogeochemistry in Two Arsenic-Impacted Aquifers in Bangladesh. mBio 2017; 8:e01326-17. [PMID: 29184025 PMCID: PMC5705915 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.01326-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Long-term exposure to trace levels of arsenic (As) in shallow groundwater used for drinking and irrigation puts millions of people at risk of chronic disease. Although microbial processes are implicated in mobilizing arsenic from aquifer sediments into groundwater, the precise mechanism remains ambiguous. The goal of this work was to target, for the first time, a comprehensive suite of state-of-the-art molecular techniques in order to better constrain the relationship between indigenous microbial communities and the iron and arsenic mineral phases present in sediments at two well-characterized arsenic-impacted aquifers in Bangladesh. At both sites, arsenate [As(V)] was the major species of As present in sediments at depths with low aqueous As concentrations, while most sediment As was arsenite [As(III)] at depths with elevated aqueous As concentrations. This is consistent with a role for the microbial As(V) reduction in mobilizing arsenic. 16S rRNA gene analysis indicates that the arsenic-rich sediments were colonized by diverse bacterial communities implicated in both dissimilatory Fe(III) and As(V) reduction, while the correlation analyses involved phylogenetic groups not normally associated with As mobilization. Findings suggest that direct As redox transformations are central to arsenic fate and transport and that there is a residual reactive pool of both As(V) and Fe(III) in deeper sediments that could be released by microbial respiration in response to hydrologic perturbation, such as increased groundwater pumping that introduces reactive organic carbon to depth.IMPORTANCE The consumption of arsenic in waters collected from tube wells threatens the lives of millions worldwide and is particularly acute in the floodplains and deltas of southern Asia. The cause of arsenic mobilization from natural sediments within these aquifers to groundwater is complex, with recent studies suggesting that sediment-dwelling microorganisms may be the cause. In the absence of oxygen at depth, specialist bacteria are thought able to use metals within the sediments to support their metabolism. Via these processes, arsenic-contaminated iron minerals are transformed, resulting in the release of arsenic into the aquifer waters. Focusing on a field site in Bangladesh, a comprehensive, multidisciplinary study using state-of-the-art geological and microbiological techniques has helped better understand the microbes that are present naturally in a high-arsenic aquifer and how they may transform the chemistry of the sediment to potentially lethal effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edwin T Gnanaprakasam
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences and Williamson Research Centre for Molecular Environmental Science, the University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan R Lloyd
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences and Williamson Research Centre for Molecular Environmental Science, the University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher Boothman
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences and Williamson Research Centre for Molecular Environmental Science, the University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Benjamin C Bostick
- Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University, Palisades, New York, USA
| | - Alexander van Geen
- Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University, Palisades, New York, USA
| | - Brian J Mailloux
- Environmental Science Department, Barnard College, New York, New York, USA
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Huhmann BL, Harvey CF, Uddin A, Choudhury I, Ahmed KM, Duxbury JM, Bostick BC, van Geen A. Field Study of Rice Yield Diminished by Soil Arsenic in Bangladesh. Environ Sci Technol 2017; 51:11553-11560. [PMID: 28929748 PMCID: PMC5645253 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.7b01487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Rice was traditionally grown only during the summer (aman) monsoon in Bangladesh but more than half is now grown during the dry winter (boro) season and requires irrigation. A previous field study conducted in a small area irrigated by a single high-arsenic well has shown that the accumulation of arsenic (As) in soil from irrigating with high-As groundwater can reduce rice yield. We investigated the effect of soil As on rice yield under a range of field conditions by exchanging the top 15 cm of soil between 13 high-As and 13 low-As plots managed by 16 different farmers, and we explore the implications for mitigation. Soil As and rice yields were measured for soil replacement plots where the soil was exchanged and adjacent control plots where the soil was not exchanged. Differences in yield (ranging from +2 to -2 t/ha) were negatively correlated to the differences in soil As (ranging from -9 to +19 mg/kg) between adjacent replacement and control plots during two boro seasons. The relationship between soil As and yield suggests a boro rice yield loss over the entire country of 1.4-4.9 million tons annually, or 7-26% of the annual boro harvest, due to the accumulation of As in soil over the past 25 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittany L. Huhmann
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Corresponding Author: Phone: 617-258-0392; , Address: Civil and Environmental Engineering, 48-208, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, United States
| | - Charles F. Harvey
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Anjal Uddin
- Department of Geology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Imtiaz Choudhury
- Department of Geology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Kazi M. Ahmed
- Department of Geology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh
| | - John M. Duxbury
- School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14850, USA
| | - Benjamin C. Bostick
- Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University, Palisades, NY, 10964, USA
| | - Alexander van Geen
- Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University, Palisades, NY, 10964, USA
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32
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Whaley-Martin KJ, Mailloux BJ, van Geen A, Bostick BC, Ahmed KM, Choudhury I, Slater GF. Human and livestock waste as a reduced carbon source contributing to the release of arsenic to shallow Bangladesh groundwater. Sci Total Environ 2017; 595:63-71. [PMID: 28388451 PMCID: PMC5711414 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.03.234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2017] [Revised: 03/20/2017] [Accepted: 03/25/2017] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies have demonstrated that the supply of relatively young organic carbon stimulates the release of arsenic to groundwater in Bangladesh. This study explores the potential role of human and livestock waste as a significant source of this carbon in a densely populated rural area with limited sanitation. Profiles of aquifer sediment samples were analyzed for phytosterols and coprostanol to assess the relative contributions of plant-derived and human/livestock waste-derived organic carbon at two well-characterized sites in Araihazar. Coprostanol concentrations increased with depth from non-detection (<10m at Site B and <23m at Site F) to maxima of 1.3 and 0.5ng/g in aquifer sands recovered from 17m (Site B) and 26m (Site F), respectively. The commonly used sewage contamination index ([5β-coprostanol]/([5α-cholestanol]+[5β-coprostanol])) exceeds 0.7 between 12 and 19m at Site B and between 24 and 26m at Site F, indicating input of human/livestock waste to these depths. Urine/fecal input within the same depth range is supported by groundwater Cl/Br mass ratios >1000 compared to Cl/Br <500 at depths >50m. Installed tube wells in the area's study sites may act as a conduit for DOC and specifically human/livestock waste into the aquifer during flood events. The depth range of maximum input of human/livestock waste indicated by these independent markers coincides with the highest dissolved Fe (10-20mg/L) and As (200-400μg/L) concentrations in groundwater at both sites. The new findings suggest that the oxidation of human/livestock waste coupled to the reductive dissolution of iron-(oxy)-hydroxides and/or arsenate may enhance groundwater contamination with As.
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Affiliation(s)
- K J Whaley-Martin
- School of Geography and Earth Sciences, McMaster University, ON, Canada.
| | - B J Mailloux
- Environmental Sciences Department, Barnard College, NY, NY 10027, USA.
| | - A van Geen
- Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University, Palisides, NY 10964, USA.
| | - B C Bostick
- Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University, Palisides, NY 10964, USA.
| | - K M Ahmed
- Department of Geology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh.
| | - I Choudhury
- Department of Geology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
| | - G F Slater
- School of Geography and Earth Sciences, McMaster University, ON, Canada.
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33
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Shoenfelt EM, Sun J, Winckler G, Kaplan MR, Borunda AL, Farrell KR, Moreno PI, Gaiero DM, Recasens C, Sambrotto RN, Bostick BC. High particulate iron(II) content in glacially sourced dusts enhances productivity of a model diatom. Sci Adv 2017; 3:e1700314. [PMID: 28691098 PMCID: PMC5482553 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.1700314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Little is known about the bioavailability of iron (Fe) in natural dusts and the impact of dust mineralogy on Fe utilization by photosynthetic organisms. Variation in the supply of bioavailable Fe to the ocean has the potential to influence the global carbon cycle by modulating primary production in the Southern Ocean. Much of the dust deposited across the Southern Ocean is sourced from South America, particularly Patagonia, where the waxing and waning of past and present glaciers generate fresh glaciogenic material that contrasts with aged and chemically weathered nonglaciogenic sediments. We show that these two potential sources of modern-day dust are mineralogically distinct, where glaciogenic dust sources contain mostly Fe(II)-rich primary silicate minerals, and nearby nonglaciogenic dust sources contain mostly Fe(III)-rich oxyhydroxide and Fe(III) silicate weathering products. In laboratory culture experiments, Phaeodactylum tricornutum, a well-studied coastal model diatom, grows more rapidly, and with higher photosynthetic efficiency, with input of glaciogenic particulates compared to that of nonglaciogenic particulates due to these differences in Fe mineralogy. Monod nutrient accessibility models fit to our data suggest that particulate Fe(II) content, rather than abiotic solubility, controls the Fe bioavailability in our Fe fertilization experiments. Thus, it is possible for this diatom to access particulate Fe in dusts by another mechanism besides uptake of unchelated Fe (Fe') dissolved from particles into the bulk solution. If this capability is widespread in the Southern Ocean, then dusts deposited to the Southern Ocean in cold glacial periods are likely more bioavailable than those deposited in warm interglacial periods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth M Shoenfelt
- Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University, Palisades, New York, NY 10964, USA
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Jing Sun
- Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University, Palisades, New York, NY 10964, USA
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Gisela Winckler
- Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University, Palisades, New York, NY 10964, USA
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Michael R Kaplan
- Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University, Palisades, New York, NY 10964, USA
| | - Alejandra L Borunda
- Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University, Palisades, New York, NY 10964, USA
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Kayla R Farrell
- Department of Environmental Science, Barnard College at Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Patricio I Moreno
- Department of Ecological Sciences, University of Chile, Av. Libertador Bernardo O'Higgins 1058, Santiago, Chile
| | - Diego M Gaiero
- Center for Earth Science Research, National University of Córdoba, Av. Haya de la Torre s/n, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Cristina Recasens
- Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University, Palisades, New York, NY 10964, USA
| | - Raymond N Sambrotto
- Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University, Palisades, New York, NY 10964, USA
| | - Benjamin C Bostick
- Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University, Palisades, New York, NY 10964, USA
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34
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Sun J, Chillrud SN, Mailloux BJ, Bostick BC. In Situ Magnetite Formation and Long-Term Arsenic Immobilization under Advective Flow Conditions. Environ Sci Technol 2016; 50:10162-71. [PMID: 27533278 PMCID: PMC5725337 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.6b02362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
In situ precipitation of magnetite and other minerals potentially sequesters dissolved arsenic (As) in contaminated aquifers. This study examines As retention and transport in aquifer sediments using a multistage column experiment in which magnetite and other minerals formed from added nitrate and ferrous iron (Fe). Sediments were collected from the Dover Municipal Landfill Superfund site. Prior to nitrate-Fe(II) addition, As was not effectively retained within the sediments in the column. The combination of nitrate (10 mM) and Fe(II) (4 mM), resulted in mineral precipitation and rapidly decreased effluent As concentrations to <10 μg L(-1). Mineralogical analyses of sectioned replicate columns using sequential extractions, magnetic susceptibility and X-ray absorption spectroscopy indicate that magnetite and ferrihydrite formed in the column following nitrate-Fe(II) addition. This magnetite persisted in the column even as conditions became reducing, whereas ferrihydrite was transformed to more stable Fe oxides. This magnetite incorporated As into its structure during precipitation and subsequently adsorbed As. Adsorption to the minerals kept effluent As concentrations <10 μg L(-1) for more than 100 pore volumes despite considerable Fe reduction. The results indicate that it should be feasible to produce an in situ reactive filter by nitrate-Fe(II) injection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Sun
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Columbia University, Mail Code 5505, New York, New York 10027, United States
- Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, PO Box 1000, 61 Route 9W, Palisades, New York 10964, United States
| | - Steven N. Chillrud
- Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, PO Box 1000, 61 Route 9W, Palisades, New York 10964, United States
| | - Brian J. Mailloux
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Barnard College, 3009 Broadway, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Benjamin C. Bostick
- Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, PO Box 1000, 61 Route 9W, Palisades, New York 10964, United States
- Corresponding Author: Phone: (+1) 845-365-8659; fax: (+1) 845-365-8155;
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35
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Sun J, Bostick BC, Mailloux BJ, Ross JM, Chillrud SN. Effect of oxalic acid treatment on sediment arsenic concentrations and lability under reducing conditions. J Hazard Mater 2016; 311:125-33. [PMID: 26970042 PMCID: PMC4826786 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2016.02.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2015] [Revised: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 02/25/2016] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Oxalic acid enhances arsenic (As) mobilization by dissolving As host minerals and competing for sorption sites. Oxalic acid amendments thus could potentially improve the efficiency of widely used pump-and-treat (P&T) remediation. This study investigates the effectiveness of oxalic acid on As mobilization from contaminated sediments with different As input sources and redox conditions, and examines whether residual sediment As after oxalic acid treatment can still be reductively mobilized. Batch extraction, column, and microcosm experiments were performed in the laboratory using sediments from the Dover Municipal Landfill and the Vineland Chemical Company Superfund sites. Oxalic acid mobilized As from both Dover and Vineland sediments, although the efficiency rates were different. The residual As in both Dover and Vineland sediments after oxalic acid treatment was less vulnerable to microbial reduction than before the treatment. Oxalic acid could thus improve the efficiency of P&T. X-ray absorption spectroscopy analysis indicated that the Vineland sediment samples still contained reactive Fe(III) minerals after oxalic acid treatment, and thus released more As into solution under reducing conditions than the treated Dover samples. Therefore, the efficacy of enhanced P&T must consider sediment Fe mineralogy when evaluating its overall potential for remediating groundwater As.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Sun
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Columbia University, Mail Code 5505, New York, NY 10027, USA; Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, PO Box 1000, 61 Route 9W, Palisades, NY 10964, USA.
| | - Benjamin C Bostick
- Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, PO Box 1000, 61 Route 9W, Palisades, NY 10964, USA
| | - Brian J Mailloux
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Barnard College, 3009 Broadway, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - James M Ross
- Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, PO Box 1000, 61 Route 9W, Palisades, NY 10964, USA
| | - Steven N Chillrud
- Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, PO Box 1000, 61 Route 9W, Palisades, NY 10964, USA
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36
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Sun J, Quicksall AN, Chillrud SN, Mailloux BJ, Bostick BC. Arsenic mobilization from sediments in microcosms under sulfate reduction. Chemosphere 2016; 153:254-61. [PMID: 27037658 PMCID: PMC4837041 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.02.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2015] [Revised: 02/19/2016] [Accepted: 02/28/2016] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic is often assumed to be immobile in sulfidic environments. Here, laboratory-scale microcosms were conducted to investigate whether microbial sulfate reduction could control dissolved arsenic concentrations sufficiently for use in groundwater remediation. Sediments from the Vineland Superfund site and the Coeur d'Alene mining district were amended with different combination of lactate and sulfate and incubated for 30-40 days. In general, sulfate reduction in Vineland sediments resulted in transient and incomplete arsenic removal, or arsenic release from sediments. Sulfate reduction in the Coeur d'Alene sediments was more effective at removing arsenic from solution than the Vineland sediments, probably by arsenic substitution and adsorption within iron sulfides. X-ray absorption spectroscopy indicated that the Vineland sediments initially contained abundant reactive ferrihydrite, and underwent extensive sulfur cycling during incubation. As a result, arsenic in the Vineland sediments could not be effectively converted to immobile arsenic-bearing sulfides, but instead a part of the arsenic was probably converted to soluble thioarsenates. These results suggest that coupling between the iron and sulfur redox cycles must be fully understood for in situ arsenic immobilization by sulfate reduction to be successful.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Sun
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Columbia University, Mail Code 5505, New York, NY 10027, USA; Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University, PO Box 1000, 61 Route 9W, Palisades, NY 10964, USA
| | - Andrew N Quicksall
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Southern Methodist University, 3101 Dyer Street, Dallas, TX 75205, USA
| | - Steven N Chillrud
- Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University, PO Box 1000, 61 Route 9W, Palisades, NY 10964, USA
| | - Brian J Mailloux
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Barnard College, 3009 Broadway, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Benjamin C Bostick
- Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University, PO Box 1000, 61 Route 9W, Palisades, NY 10964, USA.
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37
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Sun J, Chillrud SN, Mailloux BJ, Stute M, Singh R, Dong H, Lepre CJ, Bostick BC. Enhanced and stabilized arsenic retention in microcosms through the microbial oxidation of ferrous iron by nitrate. Chemosphere 2016; 144:1106-15. [PMID: 26454120 PMCID: PMC4779597 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.09.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2015] [Revised: 08/28/2015] [Accepted: 09/10/2015] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Magnetite strongly retains As, and is relatively stable under Fe(III)-reducing conditions common in aquifers that release As. Here, laboratory microcosm experiments were conducted to investigate a potential As remediation method involving magnetite formation, using groundwater and sediments from the Vineland Superfund site. The microcosms were amended with various combinations of nitrate, Fe(II) (aq) (as ferrous sulfate) and lactate, and were incubated for more than 5 weeks. In the microcosms enriched with 10 mM nitrate and 5 mM Fe(II) (aq), black magnetic particles were produced, and As removal from solution was observed even under sustained Fe(III) reduction stimulated by the addition of 10 mM lactate. The enhanced As retention was mainly attributed to co-precipitation within magnetite and adsorption on a mixture of magnetite and ferrihydrite. Sequential chemical extraction, X-ray absorption spectroscopy and magnetic susceptibility measurements showed that these minerals formed at pH 6-7 following nitrate-Fe(II) addition, and As-bearing magnetite was stable under reducing conditions. Scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction indicated that nano-particulate magnetite was produced as coatings on fine sediments, and no aging effect was detected on morphology over the course of incubation. These results suggest that a magnetite based strategy may be a long-term remedial option for As-contaminated aquifers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Sun
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Columbia University, Mail Code 5505, New York, NY, 10027, USA; Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, PO Box 1000, 61 Route 9W, Palisades, NY, 10964, USA
| | - Steven N Chillrud
- Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, PO Box 1000, 61 Route 9W, Palisades, NY, 10964, USA
| | - Brian J Mailloux
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Barnard College, 3009 Broadway, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Martin Stute
- Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, PO Box 1000, 61 Route 9W, Palisades, NY, 10964, USA; Department of Environmental Sciences, Barnard College, 3009 Broadway, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Rajesh Singh
- Department of Geology and Environmental Earth Science, Miami University, Oxford, OH, 45056, USA
| | - Hailiang Dong
- Department of Geology and Environmental Earth Science, Miami University, Oxford, OH, 45056, USA
| | - Christopher J Lepre
- Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, PO Box 1000, 61 Route 9W, Palisades, NY, 10964, USA
| | - Benjamin C Bostick
- Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, PO Box 1000, 61 Route 9W, Palisades, NY, 10964, USA.
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Pavilonis BT, Lioy PJ, Guazzetti S, Bostick BC, Donna F, Peli M, Zimmerman NJ, Bertrand P, Lucas E, Smith DR, Georgopoulos PG, Mi Z, Royce SG, Lucchini RG. Manganese concentrations in soil and settled dust in an area with historic ferroalloy production. J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol 2015; 25:443-50. [PMID: 25335867 PMCID: PMC4406789 DOI: 10.1038/jes.2014.70] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2013] [Accepted: 07/29/2014] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Ferroalloy production can release a number of metals into the environment, of which manganese (Mn) is of major concern. Other elements include lead, iron, zinc, copper, chromium, and cadmium. Mn exposure derived from settled dust and suspended aerosols can cause a variety of adverse neurological effects to chronically exposed individuals. To better estimate the current levels of exposure, this study quantified the metal levels in dust collected inside homes (n=85), outside homes (n=81), in attics (n=6), and in surface soil (n=252) in an area with historic ferroalloy production. Metals contained in indoor and outdoor dust samples were quantified using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy, whereas attic and soil measurements were made with a X-ray fluorescence instrument. Mean Mn concentrations in soil (4600 μg/g) and indoor dust (870 μg/g) collected within 0.5 km of a plant exceeded levels previously found in suburban and urban areas, but did decrease outside 1.0 km to the upper end of background concentrations. Mn concentrations in attic dust were ~120 times larger than other indoor dust levels, consistent with historical emissions that yielded high airborne concentrations in the region. Considering the potential health effects that are associated with chronic Mn inhalation and ingestion exposure, remediation of soil near the plants and frequent, on-going hygiene indoors may decrease residential exposure and the likelihood of adverse health effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian T Pavilonis
- Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Paul J Lioy
- Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | | | - Benjamin C Bostick
- Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Filippo Donna
- Institute of Occupational Health, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Marco Peli
- Institute of Occupational Health, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Neil J Zimmerman
- School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Patrick Bertrand
- Department of Microbiology and Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
| | - Erika Lucas
- Department of Microbiology and Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
| | - Donald R Smith
- Department of Microbiology and Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
| | - Panos G Georgopoulos
- Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Zhongyuan Mi
- Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Steven G Royce
- Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Roberto G Lucchini
- 1] Institute of Occupational Health, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy [2] Department of Microbiology and Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA, USA [3] Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, NY, USA
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Wovkulich K, Mailloux BJ, Bostick BC, Dong H, Bishop ME, Chillrud SN. Use of Microfocused X-ray Techniques to Investigate the Mobilization of As by Oxalic Acid. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 2012; 91:254-270. [PMID: 23175572 PMCID: PMC3501129 DOI: 10.1016/j.gca.2012.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Improved linkages between aqueous phase transport and solid-phase reactions are needed to better predict and model transport of contaminants through the subsurface. Here we develop and apply a new method for measuring As mobilization in situ within soil columns that utilizes synchrotron-based X-ray fluorescence. By performing these measurements in situ during column transport experiments, we simultaneously monitor grain-scale solid phase reactions and column-scale transport. Arsenic may be effectively mobilized by oxalic acid but the geochemical and mineralogical factors that influence the rate and extent of mobilization are not well understood. Column experiments (~4 cm long × 0.635 cm ID) using As contaminated sediments from the Vineland Chemical Company Superfund site were performed on the laboratory bench as well as in the synchrotron beamline. Microfocused synchrotron X-ray fluorescence (μSXRF) maps for As and Fe were collected at the same location in the columns (<1 mm(2)) before and during treatment with 10 mM oxalic acid. The fraction of As and Fe removed by oxalic acid treatment was calculated from the change in flux-normalized counts for each pixel in the map images, and these data were used to calculate kinetic parameters over the studied area. Between 79% and 83% of the As was removed from the sediments by the oxalic acid treatment based on μSXRF data; these removal percentages agreed well with laboratory data based on column effluent (88-95%). Considerably less Fe was removed by oxalic acid treatment, 14-25% based on μSXRF counts, which is somewhat higher than the 7-9% calculated from laboratory column effluent concentrations. Microfocused X-ray absorption near edge spectroscopy (μXANES) on a subset of points indicates most of the Fe was oxidized and present as a mixture of goethite, hematite, and ferrihydrite on sand grain coatings. Treatment with oxalic acid led to subtle shifts in Fe (III) species following oxalic acid treatment, either removing ferrihydrite or transforming it to more stable oxides; however, Fe redox states were not impacted. Kinetics information extracted from μSXRF data compared favorably with rates of As removal from observed As breakthrough curves. The average pseudo-first order As removal rate constant was calculated to be 0.015 min(-1) ± 0.002 (± average standard error, N=400) based on changes in μSXRF counts over time. The spatial variation observed in the rate constant is likely a result of differences in the mineral substrate or As retention mechanism. Geochemical models created using the calculated As removal rate constants showed agreement with As breakthrough curves for both a small column (4.25 cm × 0.635 cm ID) and a larger column (23.5 cm × 4.2 cm ID), indicating that the processes studied using the microprobe are representative and often can be predictive of larger systems. While this work was used to understand the processes that regulate As release and transport, the methods developed here could be used to study a wide variety of reaction processes, including contaminant removal due to chemical treatment, mineral precipitation due to changing redox characteristics, and solid phase transformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Wovkulich
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
- Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Palisades, NY 10964, USA
- Corresponding author
| | - Brian J. Mailloux
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Barnard College, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | | | - Hailiang Dong
- Department of Geology, Miami University, Oxford, OH, 45056, USA
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Datta S, Rule AM, Mihalic JN, Chillrud SN, Bostick BC, Ramos-Bonilla JP, Han I, Polyak LM, Geyh AS, Breysse PN. Use of X-ray absorption spectroscopy to speciate manganese in airborne particulate matter from five counties across the United States. Environ Sci Technol 2012; 46:3101-9. [PMID: 22309075 PMCID: PMC3351832 DOI: 10.1021/es203435n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to characterize manganese oxidation states and speciation in airborne particulate matter (PM) and describe how these potentially important determinants of PM toxicity vary by location. Ambient PM samples were collected from five counties across the US using a high volume sequential cyclone system that collects PM in dry bulk form segregated into "coarse" and "fine" size fractions. The fine fraction was analyzed for this study. Analyses included total Mn using ICP-MS and characterization of oxidation states and speciation using X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS). XAS spectra of all samples and ten standard compounds of Mn were obtained at the National Synchrotron Light Source. XAS data was analyzed using Linear Combination Fitting (LCF). Results of the LCF analysis describe differences in composition between samples. Mn(II) acetate and Mn(II) oxide are present in all samples, while Mn(II) carbonate and Mn(IV) oxide are absent. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first paper to characterize Mn composition of ambient PM and examine differences between urban sites in the US. Differences in oxidation state and composition indicate regional variations in sources and atmospheric chemistry that may help explain differences in health effects identified in epidemiological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saugata Datta
- Kansas State University, Department of Geology, Manhattan, KS 66506
| | - Ana M Rule
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Baltimore, MD 21205
- Corresponding author: Ana M. Rule, Johns Hopkins University, Bloomberg School of Public Health. Department of Environmental Health Sciences, 615 N. Wolfe Street, E-6618 Baltimore MD 21205
| | - Jana N Mihalic
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Baltimore, MD 21205
| | - Steve N Chillrud
- Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University, Palisades, NY 10964
| | | | - Juan P Ramos-Bonilla
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Baltimore, MD 21205
| | - Inkyu Han
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Baltimore, MD 21205
| | - Lisa M Polyak
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Baltimore, MD 21205
| | - Alison S Geyh
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Baltimore, MD 21205
| | - Patrick N Breysse
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Baltimore, MD 21205
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Jung HB, Bostick BC, Zheng Y. Field, experimental, and modeling study of arsenic partitioning across a redox transition in a Bangladesh aquifer. Environ Sci Technol 2012; 46:1388-95. [PMID: 22201284 PMCID: PMC3307798 DOI: 10.1021/es2032967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
To understand redox-dependent arsenic partitioning, we performed batch sorption and desorption experiments using aquifer sands subjected to chemical and mineralogical characterization. Sands collected from the redox transition zone between reducing groundwater and oxic river water at the Meghna riverbank with HCl extractable Fe(III)/Fe ratio ranging from 0.32 to 0.74 are representative of the redox conditions of aquifers common in nature. One brown suboxic sediment displayed a partitioning coefficient (K(d)) of 7-8 L kg(-1) at equilibrium with 100 μg L(-1) As(III), while two gray reducing sediments showed K(d) of 1-2 L kg(-1). Lactate amendment to aquifer sands containing 91 mg kg(-1) P-extractable As resulted in the reduction of As and Fe with sediment Fe(III)/Fe decreasing from 0.54 to 0.44, and mobilized an equivalent of 64 mg kg(-1) As over a month. Desorption of As from nonlactate-amended sediment was negligible with little change in sediment Fe(III)/Fe. This release of As is consistent with microbial reduction of Fe(III) oxyhydroxides and the resulting decrease in the number of surface sites on Fe(III) oxyhydroxides. Arsenic partitioning (K(d)) in iron-rich, sulfur-poor aquifers with circumneutral pH is redox-dependent and can be estimated by HCl leachable sediment Fe(III)/Fe ratio with typical Fe concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hun Bok Jung
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Queens College, and Graduate School and University Center of the City University of New York, Flushing, NY 11367 United States
| | - Benjamin C. Bostick
- Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University, Palisades, NY 10964 United States
| | - Yan Zheng
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Queens College, and Graduate School and University Center of the City University of New York, Flushing, NY 11367 United States
- Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University, Palisades, NY 10964 United States
- Corresponding Author: Yan Zheng, Queens College, City University of New York, 65-30 Kissena Blvd., Flushing, New York 11367; Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University, 61 Route 9W, Palisades, New York 10964; Phone: 718-997-3300; Fax: 718-997-3299, yan.zheng.unicef@.com
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Radloff KA, Zheng Y, Michael HA, Stute M, Bostick BC, Mihajlov I, Bounds M, Huq MR, Choudhury I, Rahman MW, Schlosser P, Ahmed KM, van Geen A. Arsenic migration to deep groundwater in Bangladesh influenced by adsorption and water demand. Nat Geosci 2011; 4:793-798. [PMID: 22308168 PMCID: PMC3269239 DOI: 10.1038/ngeo1283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Drinking shallow groundwater with naturally elevated concentrations of arsenic is causing widespread disease in many parts of South and Southeast Asia. In the Bengal Basin, growing reliance on deep (>150 m) groundwater has lowered exposure. In the most affected districts of Bangladesh, shallow groundwater concentrations average 100 to 370 μg L(-1), while deep groundwater is typically < 10 μg L(-1). Groundwater flow simulations have suggested that, even when deep pumping is restricted to domestic use, deep groundwater in some areas of the Bengal Basin is at risk of contamination. However, these simulations have neglected the impedance of As migration by adsorption to aquifer sediments. Here we quantify for the first time As sorption on deeper sediments in situ by replicating the intrusion of shallow groundwater through injection of 1,000 L of deep groundwater modified with 200 μg L(-1) of As into a deeper aquifer. Arsenic concentrations in the injected water were reduced by 70% due to adsorption within a single day. Basin-scale modelling indicates that while As adsorption extends the sustainable use of deep groundwater, some areas remain vulnerable; these areas can be prioritized for management and monitoring.
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Cadwalader GO, Renshaw CE, Jackson BP, Magilligan FJ, Landis JD, Bostick BC. Erosion and physical transport via overland flow of arsenic and lead bound to silt-sized particles. Geomorphology (Amst) 2011; 128:85-91. [PMID: 21552357 PMCID: PMC3086532 DOI: 10.1016/j.geomorph.2010.12.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Understanding of the transport mechanisms of contaminated soils and sediment is essential for the sustainable management of contaminated lands. In New England and elsewhere, vast areas of agricultural lands are contaminated by the historical application of lead-arsenate pesticides. Left undisturbed the physical and chemical mobility of As and Pb in these soils is limited due to their strong affinity for adsorption onto solid phases. However, soil disturbance promotes erosion and overland flow during intense rainstorms. Here we investigate the event-scale transport of disturbed As and Pb contaminated soils through measurement of concentrations of As and Pb in suspended sediment and changes in Pb isotopic ratios in overland flow. Investigation of several rain events shows that where land disturbance has occurred, physical transport of silt-sized particles and aggregates is the primary transport vector of As and Pb derived from pesticide-contaminated soil. Although both As and Pb are associated with similarly-sized particles, we find that solid-phase As is more effectively mobilized and transported than Pb. Our results demonstrate that anthropogenic land disturbance of historical lands contaminated with lead-arsenate pesticides may redistribute, through physical transport, significant amounts of As, and lesser amounts of Pb, to riparian and stream sediments, where they are potentially more bioavailable.
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Affiliation(s)
- G. Owen Cadwalader
- Department of Earth Sciences, Dartmouth College, 6105 Fairchild Hall, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755, USA
| | - Carl E. Renshaw
- Department of Earth Sciences, Dartmouth College, 6105 Fairchild Hall, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755, USA
| | - Brian P. Jackson
- Department of Earth Sciences, Dartmouth College, 6105 Fairchild Hall, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755, USA
| | - Francis J. Magilligan
- Department of Geography, Dartmouth College, 6017 Fairchild Hall, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755, USA
| | - Joshua D. Landis
- Department of Earth Sciences, Dartmouth College, 6105 Fairchild Hall, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755, USA
| | - Benjamin C. Bostick
- Department of Earth Sciences, Dartmouth College, 6105 Fairchild Hall, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755, USA
- Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University, 61 Route 9W, Palisades, NY 10964, USA
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Abstract
BACKGROUND The density of minerals and vitamins in food staples eaten widely by the poor may be increased either through conventional plant breeding or through the use of transgenic techniques, a process known as biofortification. OBJECTIVE HarvestPlus seeks to develop and distribute varieties of food staples (rice, wheat, maize, cassava, pearl millet, beans, and sweet potato) that are high in iron, zinc, and provitamin A through an interdisciplinary, global alliance of scientific institutions and implementing agencies in developing and developed countries. METHODS In broad terms, three things must happen for biofortification to be successful. First, the breeding must be successful--high nutrient density must be combined with high yields and high profitability. Second, efficacy must be demonstrated--the micronutrient status of human subjects must be shown to improve when they are consuming the biofortified varieties as normally eaten. Thus, sufficient nutrients must be retained in processing and cooking and these nutrients must be sufficiently bioavailable. Third, the biofortified crops must be adopted by farmers and consumed by those suffering from micronutrient malnutrition in significant numbers. RESULTS Biofortified crops offer a rural-based intervention that, by design, initially reaches these more remote populations, which comprise a majority of the undernourished in many countries, and then penetrates to urban populations as production surpluses are marketed. In this way, biofortification complements fortification and supplementation programs, which work best in centralized urban areas and then reach into rural areas with good infrastructure. CONCLUSIONS Initial investments in agricultural research at a central location can generate high recurrent benefits at low cost as adapted, biofortified varieties become available in country after country across time at low recurrent costs.
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Affiliation(s)
- B C Bostick
- Department of Geological and Environmental Sciences, Stanford University, California 94305-2155, USA.
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Saalfield SL, Bostick BC. Changes in iron, sulfur, and arsenic speciation associated with bacterial sulfate reduction in ferrihydrite-rich systems. Environ Sci Technol 2009; 43:8787-93. [PMID: 19943647 DOI: 10.1021/es901651k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Biologically mediated redox processes have been shown to affect the mobility of iron oxide-bound arsenic in reducing aquifers. This work investigates how dissimilatory sulfate reduction and secondary iron reduction affect sulfur, iron, and arsenic speciation. Incubation experiments were conducted with As(III/V)-bearing ferrihydrite in carbonate-buffered artificial groundwater enriched with lactate (10 mM) and sulfate (0.08-10 mM) and inoculated with Desulfovibrio vulgaris (ATCC 7757, formerly D. desulfuricans), which reduces sulfate but not iron or arsenic. Sulfidization of ferrihydrite led to formation of magnetite, elemental sulfur, and trace iron sulfides. Observed reaction rates imply that the majority of sulfide is recycled to sulfate, promoting microbial sulfate reduction in low-sulfate systems. Despite dramatic changes in Fe and S speciation, and minimal formation of Fe or As sulfides, most As remained in the solid phase. Arsenic was not solubilized in As(V)-loaded incubations, which experienced slow As reduction by sulfide, whereas As(III)-loaded incubations showed limited and transient As release associated with iron remineralization. This suggests that As(III) production is critical to As release under reducing conditions, with sulfate reduction alone unlikely to release As. These data also suggest that bacterial reduction of As(V) is necessary for As sequestration in sulfides, even where sulfate reduction is active.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha L Saalfield
- Department of Earth Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755, USA.
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Suess E, Scheinost AC, Bostick BC, Merkel BJ, Wallschlaeger D, Planer-Friedrich B. Discrimination of Thioarsenites and Thioarsenates by X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy. Anal Chem 2009; 81:8318-26. [DOI: 10.1021/ac901094b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elke Suess
- Environmental Geochemistry, University of Bayreuth, Universitaetsstrasse 30, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany, Institute for Geology, Chair of Hydrogeology, TU Bergakademie Freiberg, Gustav-Zeuner-Strasse 12, 09596 Freiberg, Germany, Molecular Structure Division, Institute of Radiochemistry, Forschungszentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (FZD), Bautzner Landstrasse 128, 01314 Dresden, Germany, Rossendorf Beamline at European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF), BP220, 38043 Grenoble, France, Department of Earth Sciences,
| | - Andreas C. Scheinost
- Environmental Geochemistry, University of Bayreuth, Universitaetsstrasse 30, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany, Institute for Geology, Chair of Hydrogeology, TU Bergakademie Freiberg, Gustav-Zeuner-Strasse 12, 09596 Freiberg, Germany, Molecular Structure Division, Institute of Radiochemistry, Forschungszentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (FZD), Bautzner Landstrasse 128, 01314 Dresden, Germany, Rossendorf Beamline at European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF), BP220, 38043 Grenoble, France, Department of Earth Sciences,
| | - Benjamin C. Bostick
- Environmental Geochemistry, University of Bayreuth, Universitaetsstrasse 30, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany, Institute for Geology, Chair of Hydrogeology, TU Bergakademie Freiberg, Gustav-Zeuner-Strasse 12, 09596 Freiberg, Germany, Molecular Structure Division, Institute of Radiochemistry, Forschungszentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (FZD), Bautzner Landstrasse 128, 01314 Dresden, Germany, Rossendorf Beamline at European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF), BP220, 38043 Grenoble, France, Department of Earth Sciences,
| | - Broder J. Merkel
- Environmental Geochemistry, University of Bayreuth, Universitaetsstrasse 30, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany, Institute for Geology, Chair of Hydrogeology, TU Bergakademie Freiberg, Gustav-Zeuner-Strasse 12, 09596 Freiberg, Germany, Molecular Structure Division, Institute of Radiochemistry, Forschungszentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (FZD), Bautzner Landstrasse 128, 01314 Dresden, Germany, Rossendorf Beamline at European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF), BP220, 38043 Grenoble, France, Department of Earth Sciences,
| | - Dirk Wallschlaeger
- Environmental Geochemistry, University of Bayreuth, Universitaetsstrasse 30, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany, Institute for Geology, Chair of Hydrogeology, TU Bergakademie Freiberg, Gustav-Zeuner-Strasse 12, 09596 Freiberg, Germany, Molecular Structure Division, Institute of Radiochemistry, Forschungszentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (FZD), Bautzner Landstrasse 128, 01314 Dresden, Germany, Rossendorf Beamline at European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF), BP220, 38043 Grenoble, France, Department of Earth Sciences,
| | - Britta Planer-Friedrich
- Environmental Geochemistry, University of Bayreuth, Universitaetsstrasse 30, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany, Institute for Geology, Chair of Hydrogeology, TU Bergakademie Freiberg, Gustav-Zeuner-Strasse 12, 09596 Freiberg, Germany, Molecular Structure Division, Institute of Radiochemistry, Forschungszentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (FZD), Bautzner Landstrasse 128, 01314 Dresden, Germany, Rossendorf Beamline at European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF), BP220, 38043 Grenoble, France, Department of Earth Sciences,
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Chiew H, Sampson ML, Huch S, Ken S, Bostick BC. Effect of groundwater iron and phosphate on the efficacy of arsenic removal by iron-amended BioSand filters. Environ Sci Technol 2009; 43:6295-6300. [PMID: 19746728 DOI: 10.1021/es803444t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Naturally occurring arsenic in groundwater in Cambodia is a serious health concern. This study tested the efficacy of a BioSand filter amended with iron nails, Kanchan filter, as a household water treatment option with three natural arsenic-bearing groundwater sources of varying compositions and spiked with lab cultured E. coli and MS2. The effectiveness of arsenic and pathogen removal was not constant over time and was highly dependent on the influent composition. The filter was relatively ineffective in treating arsenic contaminated groundwater and effluent arsenic concentrations were between 74 and 2206 microg L(-1), which is higher than accepted drinkng water standards. The overall average arsenic removal was 39.4, 74.9, and 45.4%, respectively, and the extent of arsenic removal was not related to the influent arsenic concentration. The main reasons for poor arsenic removal was due to the combination of high influent P (> 0.5 mg L(-1)) and low Fe (< 5 mg L(-1)) concentrations and that the added iron nails were largely ineffective due to insufficient contact time withthe water. The findings suggest that such amended filters should not be widely deployed until improvements are made to address the consistency and efficacy of treatment In addition, the filter poses some potential health risk associated with the production of elevated nitrate levels in the effluent within the filter, possibly due to nitrification and high levels of ammonia in the groundwater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Chiew
- RDI-C (Resource Development International-Cambodia), Royal Brick Road, Kean Svay, Kandal, Cambodia.
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deLemos JL, Bostick BC, Quicksall AN, Landis JD, George CC, Slagowski NL, Rock T, Brugge D, Lewis J, Durant JL. Rapid dissolution of soluble uranyl phases in arid, mine-impacted catchments near Church Rock, NM. Environ Sci Technol 2008; 42:3951-7. [PMID: 18589950 PMCID: PMC2561896 DOI: 10.1021/es071738k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
We tested the hypothesis that runoff of uranium-bearing particles from mining waste disposal areas was a significant mechanism for redistribution of uranium in the northeastern part of the Upper Puerco River watershed (New Mexico). However, our results were not consistent with this hypothesis. Analysis of > 100 sediment and suspended sediment samples collected adjacent to and downstream from uranium source areas indicated that uranium levels in the majority of the samples were not elevated above background. Samples collected within 50 m of a known waste disposal site were subjected to detailed geochemical characterization. Uranium in these samples was found to be highly soluble; treatment with synthetic pore water for 24 h caused dissolution of 10--50% of total uranium in the samples. Equilibrium uranium concentrations in pore water were > 4.0 mg/L and were sustained in repeated wetting events, effectively depleting soluble uranium from the solid phase. The dissolution rate of uranium appeared to be controlled by solid-phase diffusion of uranium from within uranium-bearing mineral particles. X-ray adsorption spectroscopy indicated the presence of a soluble uranyl silicate, and possibly a uranyl phosphate. These phases were exhausted in transported sediment suggesting that uranium was readily mobilized from sediments in the Upper Puerco watershed and transported in the dissolved load. These results could have significance for uranium risk assessment as well as mining waste management and cleanup efforts.
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Schroth AW, Bostick BC, Kaste JM, Friedland AJ. Lead sequestration and species redistribution during soil organic matter decomposition. Environ Sci Technol 2008; 42:3627-3633. [PMID: 18546700 DOI: 10.1021/es703002b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The turnover of soil organic matter (SOM) maintains a dynamic chemical environment in the forest floor that can impact metal speciation on relatively short timescales. Here we measure the speciation of Pb in controlled and natural organic (O) soil horizons to quantify changes in metal partitioning during SOM decomposition in different forest litters. We provide a link between the sequestration of pollutant Pb in O-horizons, estimated by forest floor Pb inventories, and speciation using synchrotron-based X-rayfluorescence and X-ray absorption spectroscopy. When Pb was introduced to fresh forest O(i) samples, it adsorbed primarily to SOM surfaces, but as decomposition progressed over two years in controlled experiments, up to 60% of the Pb was redistributed to pedogenic birnessite and ferrihydrite surfaces. In addition, a significant fraction of pollutant Pb in natural soil profiles was associated with similar mineral phases (approximately 20-35%) and SOM (-65-80%). Conifer forests have at least 2-fold higher Pb burdens in the forest floor relative to deciduous forests due to more efficient atmospheric scavenging and slower organic matter turnover. We demonstrate that pedogenic minerals play an important role in surface soil Pb sequestration, particularly in deciduous forests, and should be considered in any assessment of pollutant Pb mobility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew W Schroth
- Department of Earth Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755, USA.
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Schroth AW, Bostick BC, Graham M, Kaste JM, Mitchell MJ, Friedland AJ. Sulfur species behavior in soil organic matter during decomposition. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1029/2007jg000538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew W. Schroth
- Department of Earth Sciences; Dartmouth College; Hanover New Hampshire USA
- Environmental Studies Program; Dartmouth College; Hanover New Hampshire USA
| | | | - Margaret Graham
- Department of Earth Sciences; Dartmouth College; Hanover New Hampshire USA
| | - James M. Kaste
- Department of Earth Sciences; Dartmouth College; Hanover New Hampshire USA
- Environmental Studies Program; Dartmouth College; Hanover New Hampshire USA
| | - Myron J. Mitchell
- College of Environmental Science and Forestry; State University of New York at Syracuse; Syracuse New York USA
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