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Fishbein EM, Frongillo EA, Samin S, Richards AL, Blake CE, Saunders RP, Shapiro CJ. Understanding Commitment of Local Food Banks, Faith-Based Organizations, and Schools to Provide Nongovernment Food Programs. Curr Dev Nutr 2023; 7:102005. [PMID: 37877036 PMCID: PMC10590716 DOI: 10.1016/j.cdnut.2023.102005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Nongovernment food assistance is typically provided to families by faith-based organizations, schools, and food banks. Community organizations appear to be strongly committed to these programs, but little is known about the basis for this commitment. Objectives The aim of this study was to examine the values and identities of community organizations to understand the reasons for their commitment to providing nongovernment food assistance. Methods Thirty-three in-depth interviews were conducted with 36 leaders at faith-based organizations (19 participants), schools (14 participants), and a local food bank (3 participants) in South Carolina. Observations were made, and informational documents (e.g., flyers and pamphlets) were reviewed. Thematic coding using the constant comparative method was guided by the policy concepts of organizational perspectives, values, and identities. Results Nongovernment food programs offered participants volunteering opportunities to become involved with community organizations, which in turn increased financial support for the sustainability of these programs. School participants regarded themselves as a mechanism through which food programs were provided because of their commitment to students and believed they have limited capacity to make proposals to influence the food programs. Seeking to improve the well-being of the community by ending hunger was not the primary value on which organizations focused; instead, it was the process of fulfilling other values (e.g., forming or maintaining relationships within the community), maintaining identity, and appealing to their participants that strengthened their commitment to nongovernment food programs. Conclusion Nongovernment programs are meant to be a solution to food insecurity complementary to government programs. Commitment to nongovernment programs fulfills organizational identities, wants, and assumptions, but a consequence of commitment to food programs, derived from fulfilling other values, is that the roots of hunger in a community become obscured and alternative solutions are ignored or rejected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliza M. Fishbein
- Department of Health Promotion, Education, and Behavior, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States
| | - Edward A. Frongillo
- Department of Health Promotion, Education, and Behavior, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States
| | - Sharraf Samin
- Department of Health Promotion, Education, and Behavior, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States
| | - Audrey L. Richards
- Department of Health Promotion, Education, and Behavior, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States
| | - Christine E. Blake
- Department of Health Promotion, Education, and Behavior, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States
| | - Ruth P. Saunders
- Department of Health Promotion, Education, and Behavior, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States
| | - Cheri J. Shapiro
- Institute for Families in Society, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States
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102
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Nusser L, Zimprich D, Wolf T. Themes of trust, identity, intimacy, and generativity in important autobiographical memories: Associations with life periods and life satisfaction. J Pers 2023; 91:1110-1122. [PMID: 36256457 DOI: 10.1111/jopy.12786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Guided by Erikson's theory of psychosocial development, the present study investigated whether themes of trust, identity, intimacy, and generativity are represented in older adults' most important autobiographical memories. Furthermore, we tested whether these themes are associated with certain life periods and whether having important memories (i.e., life story) that reflect developmental themes and are evaluated as positive is associated with life satisfaction. METHODS One hundred and twelve (59.8% female) older adults (61-92 years, M = 70.96, SD = 6.81) reported up to 15 important autobiographical memories. Participants rated each memory according to the themes of trust/mistrust, identity/confusion, intimacy/isolation, and generativity/stagnation. RESULTS Using multilevel multinomial logistic regression, we found childhood memories to be associated with trust, memories from participants' youth with identity and intimacy, and adulthood memories with intimacy and generativity. Moreover, participants who rated their autobiographical memories (i.e., life story) as high in reflecting themes and, at the same time, perceived their memories as more positive showed higher levels of life satisfaction. CONCLUSION Important autobiographical memories reflect how an individual became the person of today. They refer to age-related themes of psychosocial development and are associated with a person's life satisfaction if they are also considered as emotionally more positive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Nusser
- Department of Developmental Psychology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Daniel Zimprich
- Department of Developmental Psychology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Tabea Wolf
- Department of Developmental Psychology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
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103
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Bogaerts A, Luyckx K, Bastiaens T, Sleuwaegen E, Berens A, Claes L. The Self-Concept and Identity Measure in Patients with Personality Disorders: A Psychometric Evaluation and Associations With Identity Processes, Core Domains of Self-Functioning, and Personality Disorder Symptoms. Assessment 2023; 30:2184-2197. [PMID: 36594676 DOI: 10.1177/10731911221140313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
As developmental and clinical research on identity has largely developed in disconnect, scholars recommend adopting a developmental psychopathology perspective on identity, which considers adaptive and pathological identity functioning. Such a perspective has also been introduced in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th ed.; DSM-5) Alternative Model for Personality Disorders (AMPD), which suggests that all personality disorders (PDs) are marked by moderate to extreme deficits in self-functioning (i.e., identity and self-direction). The present study aims to validate the Dutch Self-Concept and Identity Measure (SCIM), a 27-item self-report questionnaire that assesses consolidated identity, disturbed identity, and lack of identity, in 153 psychiatric inpatients with PDs (75.2% female; Mage = 31.73). We investigated the factor structure and reliability of the SCIM, and examined associations of SCIM scales with typical identity processes, AMPD domains of self-functioning, and symptoms of all PDs. Results indicated that a 23-item Dutch SCIM produced valid and reliable scores among patients with PDs. Furthermore, SCIM scales were significantly and differentially related to identity commitment processes, ruminative identity exploration, domains of self-functioning, and symptoms of all PDs. Moreover, findings indicated that PDs varied regarding the severity of identity impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annabel Bogaerts
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Koen Luyckx
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- UNIBS, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - Tim Bastiaens
- University Psychiatric Centre, KU Leuven, Kortenberg, Belgium
| | - Ellen Sleuwaegen
- University Psychiatric Centre, UZA, Duffel, Belgium
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Ann Berens
- University Psychiatric Centre, UZA, Duffel, Belgium
| | - Laurence Claes
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University Antwerp, Belgium
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES Studies have shown that when people grow older, the negative perceptions about age(ing) become self-directed. In this study, we examined if and how this assertion is expressed in the self-presentation of older adults. DESIGN To explore this issue, we undertook an online survey with 818 Israeli older adults (aged 65-90) who were asked to present themselves in writing, using an open question and to choose the age terms that they preferred, relying on a multiple-choice question. Responses were analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively using "word cloud" and linguistic inquiry. RESULTS The analysis indicated three ways of coping with the issue of age in one's self-presentation: Absence of old age - older people who blur their processes of aging; Camouflaged aging - older people who emphasize their age by using a line of self-ageism; Multiplicity of old age terms - the existing gap between what is being used by people and the ideal related to the use of existing age terms. The findings highlight the role of subjective age in one's self-presentations. CONCLUSIONS The results point to the ambivalence that older people feel in relation to their age(ing) and especially reflect the paradox of subjective age. That is, on the one hand studies have stressed the positive aspects of this practice, whereas on the other hand, subjective age possibly reflects a response to internalized negative stereotypes and prejudice about old age(ing). In this sense, this study expands the knowledge in the field of self-presentation and (subjective) age in the second half of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarit Okun
- Louis and Gabi Weisfeld School of Social Work, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Liat Ayalon
- Louis and Gabi Weisfeld School of Social Work, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
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105
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Elsayed S. Exiled at home: British Muslims' experiences of integration. Front Sociol 2023; 8:1172057. [PMID: 37808428 PMCID: PMC10556514 DOI: 10.3389/fsoc.2023.1172057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
This article takes up the question of Muslim integration in the United Kingdom with one main argument: British Muslims, including those who are UK-born, endure wider exilic narratives that stand in clear contradiction to a rooted sense of belonging and equal citizenship. Referring to data from 12 months of ethnographic research, this article argues that integration as a lived experience for this community is ironically characterised by a range of exilic narratives entailing stereotyping, misrecognition, misrepresentation, and inequalities that put their sense of Britian as 'home' at stake. While these conditions do not necessarily work in the same way for all Muslims across their differences, they generally shape-in many different ways-their perceptions and understandings of belonging, home, and integration. Exploring everyday integration practices and dynamics in a local community, this paper discusses Muslims' sense of belonging and the barriers they encounter in achieving a sense of home. It investigates the roles of fear and citizenship built in inequalities in creating an exilic space that impinges on Muslims' sense of belonging. The analysis at the end extends this to highlight the responses and approaches Muslims adopt in their efforts to construct belonging in an exilic context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Elsayed
- School of Sociology and Social Policy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
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106
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Faccio E, Fonte C, Smania N, Neri J. (Re)constructing identity following acquired brain injury: The complex journey of recovery after stroke. Health Expect 2023; 27:e13874. [PMID: 37731198 PMCID: PMC10726149 DOI: 10.1111/hex.13874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION People with poststroke acquired brain injury (ABI) face a complex and often troubled identity reconstruction journey. The literature is rich with studies related to the psychological and neuropsychological components involved in rehabilitation, but it is lacking with respect to the investigation of the existential dimensions and the challenges associated with finding new senses and meanings for one's identity and future perspectives, body and interpersonal relationships. METHODS The aim of this study is to investigate the narrative processes of identity reconstruction after brain damage. Through a qualitative approach, 30 autobiographical narratives about self, body and the relationships with others were collected and analyzed. Semistructured interviews were used for the data collection. Narrative and positioning analysis were applied. RESULTS Four main positionings emerged: sanctioning a radical break with one's previous life; assuming a sense of salvation and compulsory as well as irreversible adaptation to the limitations associated with one's condition; feeling different and disabled; and considering new possibilities and active constructions of self-being in relationship with others. These results underline the narrative processes of construction of the injury and the identity and delineate possible resources and instruments to improve the clinical practice for health practitioners. They are also valuable for other professionals who deal with neurological services and rehabilitation, such as psychological counselling and support for persons who have experienced ABI and their families. PATIENT OR PUBLIC CONTRIBUTION This work resulted from a close collaboration between two universities and a hospital neurological rehabilitation department in the Veneto Region (Northern Italy). Three associations of people with stroke and their families living in the same area contributed to designing the research on the basis of the needs expressed by their members with the aim to identify strategies and devices to be implemented in the public service to improve the care pathway. They also participated in the interpretation of the data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Faccio
- Department of Philosophy, Sociology, Education and Applied PsychologyUniversity of PaduaPaduaItaly
| | - Cristina Fonte
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement SciencesUniversity of VeronaVeronaItaly
| | - Nicola Smania
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement SciencesUniversity of VeronaVeronaItaly
| | - Jessica Neri
- Department of Philosophy, Sociology, Education and Applied PsychologyUniversity of PaduaPaduaItaly
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107
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Catren G. Identity, individuality and indistinguishability in physics and mathematics. Philos Trans A Math Phys Eng Sci 2023; 381:20220109. [PMID: 37517434 PMCID: PMC10387373 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2022.0109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
In this brief survey, we discuss some of the scientific and philosophical problems and debates that underlie the notions of identity, individuality and indistinguishability in physics and mathematics. We critically analyse the different positions for or against the existence of indistinguishable objects in different scientific theories, notably quantum mechanics and gauge theories in physics and homotopy type theory in mathematics. We argue that the different forms of indistinguishability that occur in many areas of physics and mathematics-far from being a problem to be eradicated-exhibit a rich formal structure that plays a key role in the corresponding theories that needs to be properly understood. This article is part of the theme issue 'Identity, individuality and indistinguishability in physics and mathematics'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Catren
- Laboratoire SPHERE (UMR 7219), Université Paris Cité - CNRS, 8 Rue Albert Einstein, Bâtiment Olympe de Gouge, 75013 Paris, France
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108
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Muller FA. Aristotle on identity: close enough! Philos Trans A Math Phys Eng Sci 2023; 381:20220102. [PMID: 37517440 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2022.0102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
We present what Aristotle wrote on identity in a leisurely manner, which is much more than is generally known, save among the cognoscenti (Aristotle scholars), and mutatis mutandis about the introduction of the identity-symbol [Formula: see text]. We add two codas, one on the so-called Leibniz' Law, which is different (but resembles) what passes for it in logic and philosophy, and one on the status of identity, as accepted by mathematicians and logicians, in physics. This article is part of the theme issue 'Identity, individuality and indistinguishability in physics and mathematics'.
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Affiliation(s)
- F A Muller
- Erasmus School of Philosophy, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Burg. Oudlaan 50, Rotterdam 3062 PA, The Netherlands
- Descartes Centre for the History and Philosophy of Science, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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109
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Dieks D. Emergence and identity of quantum particles. Philos Trans A Math Phys Eng Sci 2023; 381:20220107. [PMID: 37517439 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2022.0107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
According to classical physics, particles are basic constituents of the physical world. Quantum theory is much less friendly to particles; in particular, relativistic quantum field theory (RQFT) creates serious obstacles for the idea that particles are fundamental. Apparently, when moving from the domain of RQFT to that of classical mechanics (CM), particles have to emerge at some stage. It is standard to assume that this emergence has been completed at the level of quantum mechanics, halfway between RQFT and CM, even though particles of the same kind in many-particle quantum mechanics have the curious feature of being 'entities without identity'. Against this 'Received View' about the nature of quantum particles we outline and defend an Alternative View (AV), in which the emergent character of particles is emphasized. According to this AV, the step to a particle theory has not yet been made in quantum mechanics: conditions have still to be satisfied in order to make the particle concept applicable. If these conditions are met, the quantum particles that emerge are distinguishable individuals possessing physically defined identities, in stark contrast to what the Received View asserts. We will compare and contrast the two Views, both from a physical and a logical/conceptual point of view. This article is part of the theme issue 'Identity, individuality and indistinguishability in physics and mathematics'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis Dieks
- History and Philosophy of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht,The Netherlands
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110
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Krause D. On identity, indiscernibility and (non-)individuality in the quantum domain. Philos Trans A Math Phys Eng Sci 2023; 381:20220096. [PMID: 37517435 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2022.0096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
The topics of identity, individuality and indiscernibility had already entered the domain of the philosophy of physics, mainly in what respects the philosophy of quantum theories. In this paper, I present the main ideas of an underlying metaphysics that considers the basic entities of quantum physics as non-individuals, that is, as entities to which the standard theory of identity of classical logic and standard mathematics (set theory) does not apply. Two things must be emphasized: the first is that we pursue Erwin Schrödinger's ideas that the notion of identity (or sameness) does not apply to quantum things; the second is to follow Heinz Post's claim that the non-individuality of quantum entities 'must be introduced right at the start' and not by taking individuals and making them pretend to be non-individuals 'by hand', say by confining them to non-rigid structures. Thus, this paper should be regarded as an attempt to justify the metaphysics of non-individuals and the logical systems that cope with them, although these systems are here only referred to. We also answer some criticisms that have been directed to such a view. The paper is directed to an audience of both physicists interested in foundations and philosophers of physics. This article is part of the theme issue 'Identity, individuality and indistinguishability in physics and mathematics'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Décio Krause
- Graduate Course in Logic and Metaphysics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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111
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Le Forestier JM, Page-Gould E, Chasteen AL. Which Identities Are Concealable? Individual Differences in Concealability. Pers Soc Psychol Bull 2023:1461672231198162. [PMID: 37714825 DOI: 10.1177/01461672231198162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/17/2023]
Abstract
Concealment is a common and consequential identity management strategy. But which identities are concealable? In three studies (n = 468; obs = 4,068), we find substantial individual differences in which identities people experience as concealable. These individual differences in concealability manifest as Person × Identity interactions, such that people experience varying levels of concealability for each of their individual identities. In two additional studies (n = 465; obs = 3,784), we find that these individual differences predict the frequency and efficacy of concealment. We conclude that it is inaccurate to label entire categories of identities as either concealable or conspicuous and urge intergroup researchers to consider people's unique experiences of concealability. Pre-registrations for Studies 1 to 4 and open materials, code, and data for all studies are available on the Open Science Framework: https://osf.io/m95qu/.
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112
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Dixius A, Möhler E. Effects of a Standardized DBT-A Program on Identity Development in Adolescents. Brain Sci 2023; 13:1328. [PMID: 37759929 PMCID: PMC10526514 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13091328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Identity diffusion plays a central role in the onset of borderline personality disorders. Dialectical Behavioral Therapy for Adolescents (DBT-A) is a treatment program for adolescents with emotional instability and dysregulation. The interest of this study is to examine the potential effects of a standardized and certified DBT-A therapy program on the identity development of adolescents in an inpatient setting. METHODS A total of 138 adolescents aged 13 to 18 years with symptoms of severe emotional instability were assessed before and after a certified and standardized 12-week in-patient DBT-A program targeting emotional regulation with the following standardized instruments: the Assessment of Identity Development in Adolescence (AIDA), Scale of the Experience of Emotions (SEE), and Symptom Checklist (SCL-90-R). RESULTS The results indicate a significant change in identity development, emotion regulation, and general symptoms of psychopathology after treatment with DBT-A. CONCLUSIONS In this large sample of adolescents, DBT-A significantly improved identity development and reduced identity diffusion, however, without a treatment-as-usual control group as a limitation. Nevertheless, our results may become clinically relevant for the prevention of chronic impairment in emotionally unstable adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Dixius
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrucken, Germany;
- SHG Clinic for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 66119 Saarbrucken, Germany
| | - Eva Möhler
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrucken, Germany;
- SHG Clinic for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 66119 Saarbrucken, Germany
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Saarland University Hospital, 66421 Homburg, Germany
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113
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Molina MA. Why I cannot return home yet. eLife 2023; 12:e92566. [PMID: 37706517 PMCID: PMC10501766 DOI: 10.7554/elife.92566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Studying abroad helped a Panamanian student to accept who he is, but it meant him letting go of his dream.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariano A Molina
- Amsterdam University Medical Center, Vrije Universiteit AmsterdamAmsterdamNetherlands
- Imaging and Biomarkers program, Cancer Center AmsterdamAmsterdamNetherlands
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114
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Spivey ED. "That Doesn't Define Who I Am": Strategies of Resistance to Stigmatization Among a Sample of U. S. Individuals Convicted of a Sexual Offense. Sex Abuse 2023:10790632231200835. [PMID: 37670672 DOI: 10.1177/10790632231200835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/07/2023]
Abstract
Individuals convicted of a sexual offense are subject to considerable levels of stigmatization that should lead to internalization of the criminal label according to some versions of labeling theory (Becker, 1963). Recent research has begun to explore how individuals resist and otherwise negotiate their identities in response to stigma, although this research has not yet been applied to the study of stigma associated with the "sex offender" label. Such research is significant because a noncriminal identity is important to facilitating and maintaining desistance from crime. Using in-depth interviews with 20 individuals previously convicted of a sexual offense in a southern U.S. state, this paper investigates the strategies individuals have used to resist stigma associated with the "sex offender" label and how these strategies may help to interrupt the process of self-stigmatization. Results suggest these individuals employ a variety of resistance strategies, which may serve as another tool for managing a "spoiled identity."
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115
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Greeshma M, Bhat AI. Complete genome sequence of a divergent strain of cardamom mosaic virus. Arch Virol 2023; 168:242. [PMID: 37668734 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-023-05879-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
Cardamom mosaic virus (CdMV; genus Macluravirus), which causes mosaic (katte) disease in cardamom, is a highly variable member of the family Potyviridae. So far, the complete genome sequence of one isolate from Karnataka (KS) has been reported. In the present study, we determined the complete genome sequence of a CdMV isolate from Kerala (KI) and the complete CP gene sequences of nine isolates of CdMV from Kerala, Karnataka, and Tamil Nadu, India. The complete genome of CdMV (KI) consists of 8255 nucleotides (nt) with two open reading frames (ORFs). The large ORF, potentially coding for a polyprotein of 2638 amino acids (aa), is further processed into nine mature proteins at eight cleavage sites. The second ORF, PIPO (pretty interesting Potyviridae ORF) starting with a C(A)6 motif, encodes a small protein of 56 aa. The viral genome contains an additional 13 nt in the 5' untranslated region (UTR) and 6 nt in the CP gene, as well as a deletion of 13 nt at the 3' UTR in comparison to the KS isolate of CdMV. The complete viral genome and polyprotein share 76% and 85% sequence identity with the KS isolate of CdMV, indicating that the present isolate is highly divergent from the KS isolate. Sequencing and analysis of the CP sequences of 16 CdMV isolates from different regions revealed high heterogeneity among them, suggesting that they should be considered members of more than one species.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Greeshma
- Division of Crop Protection, ICAR-Indian Institute of Spices Research, Marikunnu, Kozhikode, Kerala, 673012, India
| | - A I Bhat
- Division of Crop Protection, ICAR-Indian Institute of Spices Research, Marikunnu, Kozhikode, Kerala, 673012, India.
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116
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Bassett V, Hebron C. The lived experience of physical exertion for persons with advanced multiple sclerosis: making connections with the world. Disabil Rehabil 2023:1-11. [PMID: 37665668 DOI: 10.1080/09638288.2023.2252329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To explore the lived experience of physical exertion for persons living with advanced multiple sclerosis (MS). METHOD An interpretive (hermeneutic) phenomenological approach was undertaken with 8 persons living with advanced MS. Interviews were conducted with exploratory questions that explored participants' experiences of physical exertion. Data was analysed using phenomenological methods and the findings presented as hermeneutic stories. RESULTS Participants conveyed physical exertion as a means of influencing their connection with the world. Interpretation identified four subthemes; Lived Body, Sense of Self, Purpose of exertion, and Attributes of the World and an overarching superordinate theme Body-World engagement. Hermeneutic stories illuminated the intertwined relationship between the themes and the idiographic nature of physical exertion. CONCLUSION The experience of physical exertion was meaningfully related to participants' sense of self, agency, and 'being in the world'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Bassett
- School of Health and Sports Sciences, University of Brighton, Brighton, UK
| | - Clair Hebron
- School of Health and Sports Sciences, University of Brighton, Brighton, UK
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Aggarwal NK, Chen D, Lewis-Fernández R, Guarnaccia P. Patient identity narratives through the cultural formulation interview in a New York City outpatient clinic. Med Anthropol Q 2023; 37:280-295. [PMID: 37335932 PMCID: PMC10644257 DOI: 10.1111/maq.12781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
Anthropologists have critiqued cultural competence programs in medical settings while introducing mental health clinicians to social theories on culture for practice. We explore how patients articulated narratives about themselves and how clinicians responded to such narratives through an intervention known as the Cultural Formulation Interview that anthropologists have helped develop. We conducted over 500 hours of fieldwork from 2014 to 2019 at an outpatient clinic in New York, analyzing multiple data (participant observation, medical records, patient-clinician sessions, and individual debriefing interviews) in a trial joining clinical and ethnographic methods. Our study enrolled 45 patients and six clinicians, yielding 117 patient-clinician appointments and 98 debriefing interviews. Most patients differed in how they presented their identities through demographic forms and discussed them in sessions with their clinicians. Two-thirds of the patients drew connections between their personal identities and experiences of mental illness. These results reveal why cultural identities should not be taken for granted in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil Krishan Aggarwal
- Columbia University Department of Psychiatry; New York State Psychiatric Institute; New York, NY, USA
| | - Daniel Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, Flushing Hospital Medical Center; Flushing, NY, USA
| | - Roberto Lewis-Fernández
- Columbia University Department of Psychiatry; New York State Psychiatric Institute; New York, NY, USA
| | - Peter Guarnaccia
- Department of Human Ecology, Rutgers University; New Brunswick, NJ, USA
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118
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Kovács G, Li C, Ambrus GG, Burton AM. The neural dynamics of familiarity-dependent face identity representation. Psychophysiology 2023; 60:e14304. [PMID: 37009756 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.14304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2023]
Abstract
Recognizing a face as belonging to a given identity is essential in our everyday life. Clearly, the correct identification of a face is only possible for familiar people, but 'familiarity' covers a wide range-from people we see every day to those we barely know. Although several studies have shown that the processing of familiar and unfamiliar faces is substantially different, little is known about how the degree of familiarity affects the neural dynamics of face identity processing. Here, we report the results of a multivariate EEG analysis, examining the representational dynamics of face identity across several familiarity levels. Participants viewed highly variable face images of 20 identities, including the participants' own face, personally familiar (PF), celebrity and unfamiliar faces. Linear discriminant classifiers were trained and tested on EEG patterns to discriminate pairs of identities of the same familiarity level. Time-resolved classification revealed that the neural representations of identity discrimination emerge around 100 ms post-stimulus onset, relatively independently of familiarity level. In contrast, identity decoding between 200 and 400 ms is determined to a large extent by familiarity: it can be recovered with higher accuracy and for a longer duration in the case of more familiar faces. In addition, we found no increased discriminability for faces of PF persons compared to those of highly familiar celebrities. One's own face benefits from processing advantages only in a relatively late time-window. Our findings provide new insights into how the brain represents face identity with various degrees of familiarity and show that the degree of familiarity modulates the available identity-specific information at a relatively early time window.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gyula Kovács
- Department of Biological Psychology and Cognitive Neurosciences, Institute of Psychology, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Chenglin Li
- Department of Biological Psychology and Cognitive Neurosciences, Institute of Psychology, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Jena, Germany
- School of Psychology, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China
| | - Géza Gergely Ambrus
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Bournemouth University, Poole, UK
| | - A Mike Burton
- Department of Psychology, University of York, York, UK
- Faculty of Society and Design, Bond University, Gold Coast, Qld, Australia
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119
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Bobba B, Lynch LS, Sugimura K, Crocetti E. I was, I am, I will be: Identity and time perspective before and during COVID-19. J Res Adolesc 2023; 33:762-773. [PMID: 36747335 DOI: 10.1111/jora.12836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The ways in which youth reach a stable identity, a core developmental task of emerging adulthood, are intertwined with their perceptions of the past, present, and future. Additionally, these dynamics are embedded in and are strongly influenced by the socio-historical context and concurrent events, such as COVID-19. This study examines how different groups of emerging adults (university students and workers) engage in identity processes in educational/vocational and interpersonal domains and frame their perspective of time before (N = 299, Mage = 21.90; 51.4% females) and during the pandemic (N = 497; Mage = 23.11; 68.2% females). Significant differences in identity processes and time perspective emerged between the two cohorts. Moreover, significant associations between identity and time perspective were found to be similar across different identity domains and cohorts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrice Bobba
- Department of Psychology, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Lucia Stella Lynch
- Department of Psychology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Kazumi Sugimura
- Department of Psychology, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Elisabetta Crocetti
- Department of Psychology, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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120
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Kuhlmann M, Meuer J, Bening CR. Interorganizational Sensemaking of the Transition Toward a Circular Value Chain. Organ Environ 2023; 36:411-441. [PMID: 37655120 PMCID: PMC10465310 DOI: 10.1177/10860266231162057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
The transition toward the circular economy requires stakeholders to collaborate along value chains. Yet, such collaborations are considerably challenging. Given the paradigmatic change, stakeholders face high levels of uncertainty and also need to align on a common way forward. We extend research on interorganizational sensemaking and the circular economy by exploring the process of interorganizational alignment in a European consortium of over 150 companies representing the value chain for flexible packaging with the objective to transform the value chain from linear to circular. We find that the interorganizational sensemaking process unfolds across three levels-organization, value chain, and ecosystem-which provide different reference frames for the process. We provide insights into how these frames, power dynamics, and identity considerations influence this process. Our findings highlight the importance of considering interdependencies between stakeholders and a collective reconceptualization of the established value chain to successfully transition toward a circular one.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Johannes Meuer
- ETH Zurich, Switzerland
- Kühne Logistics University, Germany
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121
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Grimell J. Evil, Constructed: A Salient Part of an Emerging Spiritual Veteran Identity. J Pastoral Care Counsel 2023; 77:148-157. [PMID: 37946528 PMCID: PMC10704872 DOI: 10.1177/15423050231213418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
This article investigated constructions of evil among deployed Swedish veterans. Six cases were used to demonstrate common themes of these constructions: humans are capable of everything; anyone can be violated, even killed; evil and cruelty comes in many forms; coldness/cynicism; exhausting to witness suffering and pain; and existential rumination. The impact of these can affect a veteran's identity and their notions of self. However, processing encounters with evil is seen, in some Christian perspectives, as an essential prerequisite for spiritual growth, and this might be potentially important to supporting the emergence of spiritual veteran identities. A pastoral care giver or military chaplain can serve as an existential conversation partner who can assist veterans when approaching such experiences and their potential impact. This may be especially fertile in secular contexts, where pastoral wisdom and ontological approaches can be hard to find in the everyday lives of veterans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Grimell
- Department of Sociology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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122
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Ohashi YGB, Wang SB, Shingleton RM, Nock MK. Body dissatisfaction, ideals, and identity in the development of disordered eating among adolescent ballet dancers. Int J Eat Disord 2023; 56:1743-1751. [PMID: 37260249 PMCID: PMC10524937 DOI: 10.1002/eat.24005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Little is known about how female adolescent ballet dancers-a group at high-risk for the development of body dissatisfaction and eating disorders-construct body ideals, and how their social identities interact with body ideals to confer risk for disordered eating. Using a novel body figure behavioral task, this study investigated (1) whether degree of body dissatisfaction corresponded to severity of disordered eating thoughts and behaviors, and (2) how ballet identity corresponded with ideal body figure size among adolescent ballet dancers. METHODS Participants were 188 female ballet dancers ages 13-18 years who completed self-report measures of study constructs and the behavioral task. RESULTS Linear regression models indicated that more severe body dissatisfaction was positively associated with increased disordered eating thoughts and behaviors (p < .19), except for muscle building (p = .32). We also found that identifying more strongly as a ballet dancer was correlated with having a smaller ideal body size (p = .017). CONCLUSION Findings from this study suggest desire to achieve smaller body sizes is correlated with more severe disordered eating endorsement and stronger ballet identity. Instructors and clinicians may consider assessing the extent to which individuals identify as a ballet dancer as a risk factor for disordered eating and encourage adolescent dancers to build and nurture other identities beyond ballet. PUBLIC SIGNIFICANCE Eating disorders are debilitating conditions that can lead to malnutrition, social isolation, and even premature death. Though disordered eating thoughts and behaviors can affect anyone, adolescents in physically demanding and body image-driven activities including ballet dance are particularly vulnerable. Investigating how factors like body dissatisfaction and strength of identity are associated with disordered eating among high-risk groups is crucial for developing effective prevention and intervention methods that minimize harm.
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Sullivan C, Doyle AJ, O'Toole M, Mulhall C, McNaughton N, Eppich W. 'How can we help the students learn?' A grounded theory study of simulated participants as educators. Med Teach 2023; 45:1047-1053. [PMID: 36726233 DOI: 10.1080/0142159x.2023.2171857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Despite the demonstrated value of simulated participant (SP) feedback, we are only beginning to understand how to optimize SPs' feedback practices for communication skills and strengthen their role as educators. SPs portray roles and engage in feedback practices to support simulated-based learning for communication skills training. SPs come to their role with diverse experiences, knowledge, and training, such as (a) professional actors, (b) lay people, and (c) health professions educators. This study explored what factors influenced SPs' role as educators, including their preparation, training, and approach to role portrayal and feedback practices and how these aspects were influenced by SPs' backgrounds. METHODS Using grounded theory methodology, we collected and analysed data iteratively from 16 semi-structured in-depth interviews. We identified key concepts, using constant comparison and by exploring how concepts were related , to develop a conceptual model of SPs as educators. RESULTS The SP role as educator was shaped by several interrelated dualities which spanned both the SP and learner roles and contributed to the identity formation of both SP and learner: (a) building competence (SP competence as educator and learner competence as healthcare professional), (b) engaging in reflective practice (SPs prompting learner reflection and SPs reflecting on their own role), and (c) establishing a safe space (SP needing to feel safe in their role to create safety to support learner engagement). SPs' backgrounds influenced how they learned to portray roles and how they engaged in feedback practices, both in-action, through in-role prompts and cues, and on-action, through post-scenario feedback discussions. CONCLUSION Our conceptual model about SPs as educators informs SP selection and training. Further, this model enables practical suggestions for SP educators and faculty who involve SPs in teaching. Enhanced feedback practices have the potential to improve learning from simulated encounters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clare Sullivan
- RCSI SIM Centre for Simulation Education and Research, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Andrea Jane Doyle
- RCSI SIM Centre for Simulation Education and Research, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Michelle O'Toole
- RCSI SIM Centre for Simulation Education and Research, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Claire Mulhall
- RCSI SIM Centre for Simulation Education and Research, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Nancy McNaughton
- The Wilson Centre for Research in Education, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Walter Eppich
- RCSI SIM Centre for Simulation Education and Research, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland
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124
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de Waal J. Where Does I Stand? Reflections on Home and Identity Ensnared in a Cultural Narrative. J Anal Psychol 2023; 68:706-728. [PMID: 37551149 DOI: 10.1111/1468-5922.12947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
In this paper the author explores a cultural narrative that she suggests rests on the concepts of the Feminine and Masculine as such, employing both as though they contain an agreed set of universal givens. These givens are extrapolated from an androcentric perspective on female and male bodies, in particular their biological functions regarding reproduction. The metaphors of the baby-in-womb, mother's preoccupation with child and heteronormative sexual relations are the primary cyphers for the narrative. She suggests that remaining unconscious of this narrative, such that it is taken as a universal given, can hamper a person's relation to themselves, the world and others. The author names two concepts, Home and Identity: Home being an hospitable and accommodating space with Identity denoting the one who inhabits the space. In the narrative these two are unhelpfully categorized as belonging to the Feminine and the Masculine respectively. For ease of understanding the author uses a capital letter to designate an abstract idea, and lower case when referring to the concrete or particular. Clinical examples are given throughout the paper to illustrate how acknowledgement and awareness of this narrative might free the analyst or therapist to think more broadly around issues pertaining to space and identity.
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125
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Vessel EA, Pasqualette L, Uran C, Koldehoff S, Bignardi G, Vinck M. Self-Relevance Predicts the Aesthetic Appeal of Real and Synthetic Artworks Generated via Neural Style Transfer. Psychol Sci 2023; 34:1007-1023. [PMID: 37578091 DOI: 10.1177/09567976231188107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
What determines the aesthetic appeal of artworks? Recent work suggests that aesthetic appeal can, to some extent, be predicted from a visual artwork's image features. Yet a large fraction of variance in aesthetic ratings remains unexplained and may relate to individual preferences. We hypothesized that an artwork's aesthetic appeal depends strongly on self-relevance. In a first study (N = 33 adults, online replication N = 208), rated aesthetic appeal for real artworks was positively predicted by rated self-relevance. In a second experiment (N = 45 online), we created synthetic, self-relevant artworks using deep neural networks that transferred the style of existing artworks to photographs. Style transfer was applied to self-relevant photographs selected to reflect participant-specific attributes such as autobiographical memories. Self-relevant, synthetic artworks were rated as more aesthetically appealing than matched control images, at a level similar to human-made artworks. Thus, self-relevance is a key determinant of aesthetic appeal, independent of artistic skill and image features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward A Vessel
- Department of Neuroscience, Max Planck Institute for Empirical Aesthetics
| | - Laura Pasqualette
- Neurocognitive Developmental Psychology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg
| | - Cem Uran
- Ernst Strüngmann Institute
- Department of Neurophysics, Donders Centre for Neuroscience
| | - Sarah Koldehoff
- Department of Neuroscience, Max Planck Institute for Empirical Aesthetics
| | - Giacomo Bignardi
- Department of Language and Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics
- Max Planck School of Cognition
| | - Martin Vinck
- Ernst Strüngmann Institute
- Department of Neurophysics, Donders Centre for Neuroscience
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126
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Doidge C, Frössling J, Dórea FC, Ordell A, Vidal G, Kaler J. Social and ethical implications of data and technology use on farms: a qualitative study of Swedish dairy and pig farmers. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1171107. [PMID: 37675073 PMCID: PMC10477671 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1171107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Livestock farmers are being increasingly encouraged to adopt digital health technologies on their farms. Digital innovations may have unintended consequences, but there tends to be a pro-innovation bias in previous literature. This has led to a movement towards "responsible innovation," an approach that questions the social and ethical challenges of research and innovation. This paper explores the social and ethical issues of data and technologies on Swedish dairy and pig farms from a critical perspective. Methods Six focus groups were conducted with thirteen dairy and thirteen pig farmers. The data were analysed using reflexive thematic analysis and a digital critical health lens, which focuses on concepts of identity and power. Results and discussion The analysis generated four themes: extending the self, sense of agency, quantifying animals, and managing human labour. The findings suggest that technologies can change and form the identities of farmers, their workers, and animals by increasing the visibility of behaviours and bodies through data collection. Technologies can also facilitate techniques of power such as conforming to norms, hierarchical surveillance, and segregation of populations based on data. There were many contradictions in the way that technology was used on farms which suggests that farmers cannot be dichotomised into those who are opposed to and those that support adoption of technologies. Emotions and morality played an important role in the way animals were managed and technologies were used by farmers. Thus, when developing innovations, we need to consider users' feelings and attachments towards the technologies. Technologies have different impacts on farmers and farm workers which suggests that we need to ensure that we understand the perspectives of multiple user groups when developing innovations, including those that might be least empowered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Doidge
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Jenny Frössling
- Department of Disease Control and Epidemiology, National Veterinary Institute (SVA), Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Animal Environment and Health, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Fernanda C. Dórea
- Department of Disease Control and Epidemiology, National Veterinary Institute (SVA), Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Anna Ordell
- Department of Disease Control and Epidemiology, National Veterinary Institute (SVA), Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Gema Vidal
- Department of Disease Control and Epidemiology, National Veterinary Institute (SVA), Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jasmeet Kaler
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
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127
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Wickenden M. Disability and other identities?-how do they intersect? Front Rehabil Sci 2023; 4:1200386. [PMID: 37637932 PMCID: PMC10449449 DOI: 10.3389/fresc.2023.1200386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
This paper addresses intersectionality and disability in global contexts. Disability as a category of identity is often omitted in rhetoric about intersectionality, which usually considers race and gender, with some consideration of other identities. However, disability like other identities is socially constructed, and liable to misrepresentation and is often siloed from other issues and experiences. Someone identifying as disabled may not be recognised by those around them as having other identities too. In discussions about intersectionality, a simplistic "additive" approach is common, while the shifting complexities and interactions between people's multiple identities are not considered with nuance. Disabled people may pragmatically adopt a kind of "strategic essentialism". This allows them to claim a disabled identity and a specific dialogic space in order to gain recognition and perhaps access to support and services. However, they may prefer not to be classified in this dichotomised way because this ignores other aspects of them. Often an impairment is only of importance to the extent that it means that the person needs some reasonable adjustments in order to participate on equal basis with others. Arguably the SDGs and other global guidelines and treaties do not address disability as a significant identity sufficiently, nor recognise it as an important aspect of many people in combination with their other identities, rather than a stand-alone feature of them. When analysing the types of disadvantages that people experience, a broader more flexible approach is needed which recognises the ways in which different identities combine and influence people's experiences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Wickenden
- Institute of Development Studies, University of Sussex, Brighton, United Kingdom
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128
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Harrison CK, Griffin W. Sitting on the porch choppin' it up. HipHop and sports "go hand in hand": a rap session with Michael Eric Dyson, PhD. Front Sports Act Living 2023; 5:1232839. [PMID: 37637223 PMCID: PMC10448583 DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2023.1232839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- C. Keith Harrison
- College of Business, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, United States
| | - Whitney Griffin
- Psychology Department, Cerritos College, Norwalk, CA, United States
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129
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Li F, Yang M, Song Z, Wang P, Li G. Post-Quantum Secure Identity-Based Proxy Blind Signature Scheme on a Lattice. Entropy (Basel) 2023; 25:1157. [PMID: 37628187 PMCID: PMC10453319 DOI: 10.3390/e25081157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Blind signatures have been widely applied when privacy preserving is required, and the delegation of blind signature rights and a proxy blind signature (Proxy-BS) become necessary when the signer cannot sign. Existing Proxy-BS schemes are based on traditional cryptographically hard problems, and they cannot resist quantum attacks. Moreover, most current Proxy-BS schemes depend on public key infrastructure (PKI), which leads to high certificate storage and management overhead. To simplify key management and resist quantum attacks, we propose a post-quantum secure identity-based proxy blind signature (ID-Proxy-BS) scheme on a lattice using a matrix cascade technique and lattice cryptosystem. Under the random oracle model (ROM), the security of the proposed scheme is proved. Security shows that the proposed scheme assures security against quantum attacks and satisfies the correctness, blindness, and unforgeability. In addition, we apply the ID-Proxy-BS scheme on a lattice to e-voting and propose a quantum-resistant proxy e-voting system, which is resistant to quantum attacks and achieves the efficiency of e-voting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengyin Li
- School of Computer Science, Qufu Normal University, Rizhao 276800, China; (M.Y.); (Z.S.); (P.W.); (G.L.)
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130
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Edwards ARA, Masser BM, Barlow FK. Psychological ownership and identity motives in blood donation. Vox Sang 2023; 118:616-623. [PMID: 37288715 DOI: 10.1111/vox.13479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Interventions to retain existing donors are essential to increase the blood supply. Blood donor self-identity is proposed to motivate sustained donation behaviour. However, interventions to develop self-identity in the absence of donating blood are scarce. We propose that experiencing psychological ownership of a blood collection agency (BCA) may provide a potential avenue for fostering donor self-identity and subsequent sustained donation behaviour. MATERIALS AND METHODS Two hundred and fifty-five donor participants were recruited through Prolific Academic (n = 175) and an Australian online blood donor community group (n = 80), with an additional 252 non-donors recruited through Prolific Academic. Participants completed an online survey assessing donation behaviour, perceived psychological ownership of a BCA, self-identity and intentions to donate blood, amongst other constructs. RESULTS Consistent with our theoretical argument, psychological ownership was positively associated with self-identity, which, in turn, was positively associated with intentions to donate blood. Donation behaviour was positively associated with psychological ownership. Examination of psychological ownership by donation experience showed the expected relationship with committed donors having the strongest psychological ownership and non-donors having the weakest psychological ownership over a BCA. CONCLUSION We provide initial support for the inclusion of psychological ownership within a model of sustained blood donation behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail R-A Edwards
- School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Barbara M Masser
- School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
- Research and Development, Australian Red Cross Lifeblood, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- National Institute for Health and Care Research Blood and Transplant Research Unit in Donor Health and Behaviour, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Fiona K Barlow
- School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
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131
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Ramírez F, Wu J, Haitjema C, Heger C. Development of a highly sensitive imaged cIEF immunoassay for studying AAV capsid protein charge heterogeneity. Electrophoresis 2023; 44:1258-1266. [PMID: 37138377 DOI: 10.1002/elps.202300039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Post-translational modifications (PTMs) of adeno-associated virus (AAV) capsid proteins tune and regulate the AAV infective life cycle, which can impact the safety and efficacy of AAV gene therapy products. Many of these PTMs induce changes in protein charge heterogeneity, including deamidation, oxidation, glycation, and glycosylation. To characterize the charge heterogeneity of a protein, imaged capillary isoelectric focusing (icIEF) has become the gold standard method. We have previously reported an icIEF method with native fluorescence detection for denatured AAV capsid protein charge heterogeneity analysis. Although well suited for final products, the method does not have sufficient sensitivity for upstream, low-concentration AAV samples, and lacks the specificity for capsid protein detection in complex samples like cell culture supernatants and cell lysates. In contrast, the combination of icIEF, protein capture, and immunodetection affords significantly higher sensitivity and specificity, addressing the challenges of the icIEF method. By leveraging different primary antibodies, the icIEF immunoassay provides additional selectivity and affords a detailed characterization of individual AAV capsid proteins. In this study, we describe an icIEF immunoassay method for AAV analysis that is 90 times more sensitive than native fluorescence icIEF. This icIEF immunoassay provides AAV stability monitoring, where changes in individual capsid protein charge heterogeneity can be observed in response to heat stress. When applied to different AAV serotypes, this method also provides serotype identity with reproducible quantification of VP protein peak areas and apparent isoelectric point (pI). Overall, the described icIEF immunoassay is a sensitive, reproducible, quantitative, specific, and selective tool that can be used across the AAV biomanufacturing process, especially in upstream process development where complex sample types are often encountered.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jiaqi Wu
- ProteinSimple, a Bio-Techne Brand, San Jose, California, USA
| | | | - Chris Heger
- ProteinSimple, a Bio-Techne Brand, San Jose, California, USA
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132
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Erden YJ, Brey P. Neurotechnology and ethics guidelines for human enhancement: The case of the hippocampal cognitive prosthesis. Artif Organs 2023; 47:1235-1241. [PMID: 37533179 DOI: 10.1111/aor.14615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
Neurotechnologies offer both therapeutic and enhancement potential. In this article, we demonstrate how ethics guidelines can help with critical reflection on their potential for enhancement. We do this through the case of the hippocampal cognitive prosthesis. This prothesis developed in the US, has primarily therapeutic ends, with scope for enhancement. This technology raises several ethical issues, including as related to identity and memory, autonomy and authenticity. In the first section, we outline what we mean by enhancement, and introduce neurotechnologies generally and the hippocampal cognitive prosthesis specifically, with an introduction to generally relevant ethical issues. In the second section, we outline ethical issues pertinent to the hippocampal cognitive prosthesis and explore how ethics guidelines can help to promote essential critical reflection on a technology like this. Through all this, our emphasis is to balance between technological optimism and caution, especially where technologies have enhancement potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasemin J Erden
- Philosophy Section, Faculty of Behavioural, Management and Social Sciences, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Philip Brey
- Philosophy Section, Faculty of Behavioural, Management and Social Sciences, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
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133
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Borisov AB, Borovkov SE, Tishchenko RV, Tarasova LV. [The social role of intergenerational sports: the formation of norms, citizenship and the value of a healthy lifestyle]. Probl Sotsialnoi Gig Zdravookhranenniiai Istor Med 2023; 31:686-690. [PMID: 37742233 DOI: 10.32687/0869-866x-2023-31-s1-686-690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
The article discusses issues reflecting the importance of intergenerational sports as an institution influencing the formation of social values, civic identity, health-saving attitudes, etc. The paper defines the main and specific functions of sport as a social institution. Based on the author's sociological research, the results are presented reflecting the attitude of participants of intergenerational sports groups to certain types of social impact that sports activities and events held in mixed age groups have.
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Affiliation(s)
- A B Borisov
- Admiral F. F. Ushakov State Maritime University, 353924, Novorossiysk, Russia,
| | - S E Borovkov
- Admiral F. F. Ushakov State Maritime University, 353924, Novorossiysk, Russia
| | - R V Tishchenko
- Belgorod University of Cooperation, Economics and Law, 308023, Belgorod, Russia
| | - L V Tarasova
- Putilin Belgorod Law Institute of Ministry of the Interior of Russia, 308024, Belgorod, Russia
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134
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Laranjeira C. Dignity promotion in people with advanced chronic diseases: contributions for a value-based healthcare practice. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1156830. [PMID: 37575126 PMCID: PMC10415073 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1156830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Laranjeira
- Department of Nursing Science, School of Health Sciences of Polytechnic of Leiria, Leiria, Portugal
- Centre for Innovative Care and Health Technology (ciTechCare), Polytechnic of Leiria, Leiria, Portugal
- Comprehensive Health Research Centre (CHRC), University of Évora, Évora, Portugal
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135
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Thakkar E, Liu I, Hosea K, Katz S, Marks K, Hall S, Liu C, Harris SC. Access to inclusive and culturally sensitive mental healthcare in Black, Indigenous, and People of Color pharmacy students and residents. Am J Health Syst Pharm 2023; 80:922-930. [PMID: 37139940 DOI: 10.1093/ajhp/zxad088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Disparities in accessing culturally sensitive mental healthcare exist and may be exacerbated in pharmacy trainees. The purpose of this study was to identify barriers to culturally sensitive mental healthcare and how to improve access for racially and ethnically minoritized pharmacy students and residents. METHODS This institutional review board-exempt study included in-person and virtual focus groups. Eligible participants were first-, second-, third-, and fourth-year doctor of pharmacy (PharmD) students and pharmacy residents completing a postgraduate year 1 or 2 program who identified as Black, Indigenous, and People of Color (BIPOC). Barriers to care, identity's influence on seeking care, and areas in which the training programs are doing well or areas for improvement were assessed. Responses were transcribed and analyzed using an open coding system by 2 reviewers, followed by discussion as a team to reach consensus. RESULTS This study enrolled 8 first-year, 5 second-year, 7 third-year, and 2 fourth-year PharmD students and 4 residents (N = 26). Barriers to care included time, access to resources, and internal and external stigma. Identity barriers included cultural and family stigma and lack of representation in therapists with regard to race, ethnicity, and gender. Areas going well included supportive faculty and paid time off, while areas for improvement included wellness days, reduced workload, and increased diversity within the workforce. CONCLUSION This study is the first to identify barriers to culturally sensitive mental healthcare in pharmacy trainees who identify as BIPOC while providing insight on how to increase culturally sensitive mental healthcare resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esha Thakkar
- UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Ina Liu
- UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, UNC Health, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Kalynn Hosea
- UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Shana Katz
- UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Katie Marks
- UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Sarah Hall
- UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Cat Liu
- UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Suzanne C Harris
- UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, UNC Health, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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136
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Maatouk I, Jaspal R. Internalized Sexual Orientation Stigma and Mental Health in a Religiously Diverse Sample of Gay and Bisexual Men in Lebanon. J Homosex 2023; 70:1441-1460. [PMID: 35089845 DOI: 10.1080/00918369.2022.2030617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
This study explores the correlates of internalized sexual orientation stigma, psychological distress and depression in a religiously diverse sample of gay and bisexual men in Lebanon. A convenience sample of 200 participants completed a cross-sectional survey. Bisexual men reported greater internalized sexual orientation stigma and less outness to their family and were more likely to face family pressure to have a heterosexual marriage than gay men. People of no religion reported more outness than Muslims and Christians but also higher psychological distress and depression. Multiple regression analyses showed that religiosity, outness, family pressure to marry and being bisexual were positively associated with internalized sexual orientation stigma; and that frequency of attending one's place of worship was negatively associated with psychological distress and depression. Individuals may be coping with adversity through engagement with institutionalized religion, which also appears to be a source of negative social representations concerning their sexuality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ismael Maatouk
- Department of Psychology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK
| | - Rusi Jaspal
- Vice-Chancellor's Office, University of Brighton, Brighton, UK
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137
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Boardman F, Thomas G. Expressivist objections to prenatal screening and testing: Perceptions of people living with disability. Sociol Health Illn 2023; 45:1223-1241. [PMID: 36181509 DOI: 10.1111/1467-9566.13559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The 'expressivist objection' (EO) refers to the notion that using reproductive (genetic) technologies to prevent the birth of future would-be disabled people contain, and express, a negative valuation of life with disability. Whilst the EO has received increased attention in recent years in line with rapid technological and genomic developments, there remains scant research on how EO concerns are experienced and expressed by disabled people and their families, especially within and between impairment groups. Bringing together two studies-one with adults and family members living with genetic conditions (n = 62) and one with parents of children with Down's syndrome (n = 22)-we argue that disabled people and their families variously embrace, reject or rework the EO across contexts, and yet also frequently situate it within broad support for reproductive technologies. We present three key factors that mediate responses to the EO: (1) the nature of impairment and its integration within identity; (2) social and cultural contexts relating to disability and (3) the (individual and collective) imagined futures of disabled people. In so doing, we blend the conceptual architecture of medical sociology and disability studies, arguing that this allows us to accurately illuminate the nuanced responses of disabled people and their families.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gareth Thomas
- Cardiff University School of Social Sciences, Cardiff, UK
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138
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Juliot L, Dalbagne M. [Adolescence and identity peregrinations]. Soins Psychiatr 2023; 44:14-17. [PMID: 37479351 DOI: 10.1016/j.spsy.2023.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/23/2023]
Abstract
When we work with children and teenagers, we are always open to their singular questions about their subjective foundations and their future. Questions of identity are increasingly present at the heart of our fast-paced modern world. Two clinical extracts from psychotherapies show that this quest for identity is dealt with on a case-by-case basis, while respecting each individual's temporality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Juliot
- Pôle de pédopsychiatrie, EPSM Morbihan, 22 rue de l'Hôpital, BP 10, 56896 Saint-Avé cedex, France.
| | - Mélusine Dalbagne
- Pôle de pédopsychiatrie, EPSM Morbihan, 22 rue de l'Hôpital, BP 10, 56896 Saint-Avé cedex, France
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139
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Abstract
Identity is a widely debated topic. The fact that human beings want to change sex and gender poses a fundamentally societal question. Long marginalized, this reality has become a phenomenon with varying degrees of media coverage. The definition and place of sex, gender, its acceptance and transformation are anthropologically characteristic of the human race and its very nature. The question is that of the limits of the body, of biology and anatomy. We are entering a process of transition through transgenderism, its medicalization and change of civil status. Things can be seen as a trajectory, not a state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joe Labat
- 57 rue de la Bouillante, 54380 Dieulouard, France
| | - Christophe Peroche
- CMP pour Adultes "La Source", CH Ravenel, 1 avenue de Graillet, 88500 Mirecourt, France.
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140
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Abstract
More than anything, I care about people. I am concerned about how the practices, structures, values, and ways of thinking embedded in medical education-i.e. our ideology-shape the experiences of people who work in our field. Despite being largely blind to its effects, ideology is powerfully at play in medical education-creating social identities, generating relationship patterns, justifying specific conduct, and maintaining and reproducing social order. Every educational system-including the entire medical education continuum-perpetuates ideology. We train future generations of physicians to uphold behavioral expectations and to maintain a specific social order. However, ideology is not always consistent. Individual aspects of our ideology can be incompatible, and, when they are, it is the people who carry the burden of the resulting tensions. Fortunately, ideology is maintained by our decisions and actions; therefore, we can change our decisions and thereby modify the ideology to work for us, not against us.[Box: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Varpio
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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141
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Renwick J, Woolhouse MH. Reminiscence bump invariance with respect to genre, age, and country. Psychol Music 2023; 51:1349-1365. [PMID: 37484700 PMCID: PMC10357890 DOI: 10.1177/03057356221141735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
We report a cross-cultural study investigating musical reminiscence bumps, the phenomenon whereby adults remain emotionally invested in the music they preferentially listened to in adolescence. Using a crowdsourcing service, 4,824 participants from 102 countries were each required to recall five songs (titles and artist names), resulting in a 24,120-song study. In addition, participants provided demographic information and answered questions relating to the songs they recalled, such as age first listened to, levels of nostalgia, and associated emotions. Song titles and artist names were cleaned and genre information established through fuzzy matching recalled information to songs within an open-source music encyclopedia. These data, plus participants' demographic information, allowed reminiscence bumps differentiated by age, sex, country, and genre preference to be explored. Recency-bias effects of recalled songs were also investigated. Results demonstrated that the musical reminiscence bump phenomenon is common to all age groups and both sexes, pervasive across all countries, and is not restricted to particular genres. In sum, musical reminiscence bumps appear to be biologically and culturally ubiquitous.
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142
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Burnette C, Smithy W, Strock D, Sivesind TE, Dellavalle R. The Importance of Gender-Neutral Terminology in Risk Evaluation and Mitigation Strategy Programs: A Call to Action. JMIR Dermatol 2023; 6:e45329. [PMID: 37632908 PMCID: PMC10335131 DOI: 10.2196/45329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 05/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of risk evaluation and mitigation strategy (REMS) programs is frequently required for prescriptions with potentially teratogenic effects, especially in the field of dermatology. Among these REMS programs, the most well-known example is isotretinoin, an oral retinoid that uses the iPLEDGE system. iPLEDGE has strict regulations and a lengthy approval process, and until recently, patients were grouped into 3 categories: male, female, or female of reproductive potential. This strict grouping has posed problems in the medical community, especially for gender-diverse individuals where their perceived gender conflates with their assigned grouping causing patient-specific distress. The distinction between gender-a multifactorial perception of identity-and biological sex is addressed under new iPLEDGE guidelines. Dermatologists now register patients under one of 2 categories: patients who can become pregnant and those who cannot become pregnant. This change simultaneously improves the accessibility to isotretinoin among gender-diverse individuals, while limiting prescription barriers. Despite initial success being limited due to lengthy system conversions, a registration process based on reproductive potential ultimately enhances iPLEDGE's goal to prevent potential birth defects. We propose that other REMS programs follow the standard set by the iPLEDGE system, including those for the medications thalidomide, acitretin, and mycophenolate mofetil, all of which currently have a similar taxonomy to that of the old iPLEDGE system. Implementing the standardization of gender-neutral terminology can maximize enrollment and minimize distress. Current and ongoing refinement of iPLEDGE and other REMS is needed to build protocols solely around the prevention of birth defects without regard to sex or gender.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin Burnette
- Nova Southeastern University College of Osteopathic Medicine, Davie, FL, United States
| | - William Smithy
- Nova Southeastern University College of Osteopathic Medicine, Davie, FL, United States
| | - Daniel Strock
- Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA, United States
| | - Torunn E Sivesind
- University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Robert Dellavalle
- University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States
- US Department of Veterans Affairs, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, United States
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143
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Mokhachane M, Wyatt T, Kuper A, Green-Thompson L, George A. Graduates' Reflections on Professionalism and Identity: Intersections of Race, Gender, and Activism. Teach Learn Med 2023:1-11. [PMID: 37334670 DOI: 10.1080/10401334.2023.2224306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
Phenomenon: Professionalism as a construct is weaponized to police and punish those who do not fit the norm of what a medical professional should look like or behave, more so when medical professionals in training engage in protests for social justice. In addition, professionalism silences trainees, forcing them not to question anything that looks or feels wrong in their eyes. Socialization in medicine, in both the undergraduate and postgraduate training spaces, poses challenges for contemporary medical professionals who are expected to fit the shape of the 'right kind of doctor.' Intersectionality seems to impact how medical trainees experience professionalism, be it intersections of gender, race, how they dress or adorn themselves, how they carry themselves and who they identify as. Although there is literature on the challenges pertaining to professionalism, not much has been written about the weaponization of professionalism in medical training, particularly in the South African context. There is also a paucity of data on experiences of professionalism during or after social upheaval. Approach: This is part of a study that explored the experiences of professionalism of five medical trainees during protests and after protests, extending into their postgraduate training. The main study had 13 participants, eight students and five graduates, who were all interviewed in 2020, five years after the #FeesMustFall protests. For the five postgraduate participants, we looked at how gender, race, hairstyles, adornment, and protests played out in the experiences of professionalism as medical trainees at a South African university. We employed a qualitative phenomenological approach. An intersectional analytical lens was used in analyzing the transcripts of the five graduate participants. Each transcript was translated as the story of that participant. These stories were compared, looking for commonalities and differences in terms of their experiences. Findings: The participants, four males (three Black and one white) and one Black female, were victimized or judged based on their activism for social justice, gender, and race. They were made to feel that having African hairstyles or piercings was not professional. Insights: Society and the medical profession has a narrow view of what a doctor should look like and behave - it should not be someone who wears their hair in locks, has body piercing, or is an activist, least of all if she is a woman, as professionalism is used as a weapon against all these characteristics. Inclusivity should be the norm in medical education.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mantoa Mokhachane
- Unit of Undergraduate Medical Education, University of the Witwatersrand, Faculty of Health Sciences, Johannesburg, Gauteng, South Africa
| | - Tasha Wyatt
- Centre for Health Professions Education, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Ayelet Kuper
- Department of Medicine and The Wilson Centre, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lionel Green-Thompson
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Observatory, Western Cape, South Africa
| | - Ann George
- Centre for Health Science Education, University of the Witwatersrand, Faculty of Health Sciences, Johannesburg, Gauteng, South Africa
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144
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Carter B, Jordan A, Forgeron P, Qualter P, Saron H. A shared love: reciprocity and hopefulness in romantic relationships of young adults with chronic pain. Front Pain Res (Lausanne) 2023; 4:1179516. [PMID: 37389227 PMCID: PMC10303136 DOI: 10.3389/fpain.2023.1179516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Chronic pain (≥3 months) creates pain-related challenges that may negatively affect how young adults perceive themselves, and, indeed, they often report feeling different compared to peers and prospective romantic partners. Most studies of romantic relationships in young adults living with a long-term condition (including pain), do not consider the perspective of their partner. We present the findings of a qualitative, exploratory interview study (Phase 2 of a mixed methods study). This qualitative phase aimed to explore how young adults with chronic pain and their partners navigate romantic relationships. We focused on how young adults perceive and experience their romantic relationships and the impact, challenges, and benefits associated with living with chronic pain. Methods This study used remote (videoconferencing) photo-elicitation interviews with a convenience sample of young adults with chronic pain (aged 18-25 years, UK and Canada) and their partners. Recruitment occurred via social media, pain-related websites and organizations, and professional networks. Five young adults with chronic pain from the UK and Canada formed the e-Advisory Group and provided detailed advice throughout the study. Data analysis used the principles of inductive reflexive thematic analysis to explore the dimensions and meaning of romantic relationships from the views of young adults with chronic pain and their romantic partners. Findings Sixteen young adults participated (seven couples plus two young adults with pain who were interviewed without their partner). The young adults with chronic pain were ages 18-24 years (mean 21.88 years, SD 2.23). Four major interpretive themes were generated: Kindred spirits-we just sort of work; Loving in everyday acts-it's not above and beyond, it's concerned supportiveness; It's OK to be vulnerable with each other-we can talk it through; and You can't see over the horizon-hopes and fears for the future. Discussion Hopefulness and reciprocity were key to the stories shared by the young adults in the current study. Despite the challenges and limitations imposed by chronic pain, their relationships were characterized by partnership and reciprocity, and they were able to be vulnerable with each other and offer each other support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernie Carter
- Faculty of Health, Social Care and Medicine, Edge Hill University, Ormskirk, United Kingdom
| | - Abbie Jordan
- Centre for Pain Research and Department of Psychology, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
| | - Paula Forgeron
- School of Nursing, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Pamela Qualter
- Manchester Institute of Education, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Holly Saron
- Faculty of Health, Social Care and Medicine, Edge Hill University, Ormskirk, United Kingdom
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145
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Feinstein BA, Hurtado M, Dyar C, Davila J. Disclosure, minority stress, and mental health among bisexual, pansexual, and queer (bi+) adults: The roles of primary sexual identity and multiple sexual identity label use. Psychol Sex Orientat Gend Divers 2023; 10:181-189. [PMID: 37583367 PMCID: PMC10424773 DOI: 10.1037/sgd0000532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/17/2023]
Abstract
Bisexual people are at increased risk for anxiety and depression compared to heterosexual and gay/lesbian people, but little is known about people who use other labels to describe attractions to more than one gender (e.g., pansexual, queer; collectively "bi+"). In addition, some people use more than one label to describe their sexual orientation, but research has yet to examine whether using one versus multiple labels is associated with identity-related experiences or mental health. To address these gaps, we explored potential differences in disclosure, minority stress, and mental health among bi+ adults based on primary sexual identity and multiple label use. As part of a larger project, 669 bi+ adults completed an online survey. Primary sexual identities included bisexual (53.2%), pansexual (26.3%), and queer (20.5%), and 55.2% used multiple labels. Compared to bisexual participants, pansexual participants reported higher disclosure, discrimination from heterosexual people, and depression. Pansexual participants also reported higher anxiety and lower internalized binegativity, but these associations became non-significant after adjusting for demographics. Queer participants reported higher disclosure, discrimination from heterosexual people, and anxiety, but only the difference in disclosure remained significant in adjusting analyses. Finally, participants who used multiple labels reported higher disclosure and discrimination from heterosexual and gay/lesbian people, but only the difference in discrimination from gay/lesbian people remained significant in adjusted analyses. Findings highlight the heterogeneity of bi+ individuals and the importance of considering bisexual, pansexual, and queer individuals as unique groups as well as considering whether bi+ individuals use one or multiple sexual identity labels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian A. Feinstein
- Department of Psychology, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science
| | - Manuel Hurtado
- Institute for Sexual and Gender Minority Health and Wellbeing, Northwestern University
| | - Christina Dyar
- Institute for Sexual and Gender Minority Health and Wellbeing, Northwestern University
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146
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Schlabach GA, Colston MA, Baker C. Athletic Trainers' Shared Professional Values: A Report From the National Athletic Trainers' Association Professional Responsibility in Athletic Training Committee. J Athl Train 2023; 58:491-501. [PMID: 35984724 PMCID: PMC10496451 DOI: 10.4085/1062-6050-0028.22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Professional values (PVs) of health care providers influence their professional decisions and behaviors. Athletic training is one of the remaining health professions without established shared PVs. Commitment to shared PVs, also known as core values, prompts good and right behavior by guiding moral and ethical judgment and professional decision-making. OBJECTIVE To identify shared PVs in athletic training that enable the use of a values orientation, which facilitates adherence to legal, ethical, regulatory, and professional standards. DESIGN Cross-sectional survey study. SETTING Web-based surveys. PATIENTS OR OTHER PARTICIPANTS The Athletic Training Strategic Alliance leadership (n = 61/95), National Athletic Trainers' Association (NATA) membership (n = 4837/35 279), and NATA committee members (n = 277/423). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Our research consisted of 3 studies, each using a web-based survey to identify shared PVs, as well as a definition and sample behaviors for each PV. RESULTS Using a 3-tiered systematic and inclusive process, we identified caring and compassion, integrity, respect, competence, and accountability as the shared PVs among athletic trainers. Definitions and 3 sample behaviors have also been provided and endorsed for each of the 5 shared PVs. CONCLUSIONS With the establishment of these shared PVs and their recent addition to the NATA Code of Ethics, athletic trainers can immediately incorporate a values orientation into their professional practices.
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147
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Forber-Pratt AJ, Espelage DL, Robinson LE, Woolweaver AB, Torgal C, El Sheikh AJ. "I'm a security professional, a counselor, a leader, and sometimes a father figure": Transformative social emotional learning through the eyes of school security professionals. Am J Community Psychol 2023; 71:317-331. [PMID: 36594880 DOI: 10.1002/ajcp.12640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Schools are increasingly hiring full-time, unarmed school security professionals (SSPs), who are different from School Resource Officers (SROs), to help facilitate safe and supportive school climates. However, there is a paucity of literature about how they describe and engage with social emotional learning (SEL), particularly equity-focused or transformative SEL. The current study is a secondary data analysis using qualitative responses to content embedded in two online professional development (PD) modules created for school security: SEL and cultural competence (CC). Forty-eight SSPs completed the SEL module and 18 of these SSPs also completed the CC module. Informed by the Collaborative for Academic, Social, and Emotional Learning's transformative SEL literature, researchers sought to understand how SSPs describe SEL and how they apply transformative SEL in their work. A qualitative transcript analysis was performed, and transformative SEL's five subthemes were identified through this iterative process: working collaboratively, equity and inclusion, cultural humility, ties to identity, and advocacy. Findings demonstrated that SSPs who completed the modules apply transformative SEL principles in various, overlapping ways, illustrating their capacity to support student SEL. However, some SSPs struggled to make ties to their own identity, highlighting the need for widespread training and additional emphasis on self-awareness in transformative SEL PD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dorothy L Espelage
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Luz E Robinson
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Ashley B Woolweaver
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Cagil Torgal
- University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
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148
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Lane J. Working Through Stigma: A Constructivist Grounded Theory of Delivering Health Services to Diverse 2SLGBTQ Populations. Qual Health Res 2023; 33:624-637. [PMID: 37070574 PMCID: PMC10259085 DOI: 10.1177/10497323231167828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Previous research inadequately explores processes and factors influencing the delivery of health services to sexual and gender minorities in ways that equitably attend to the infinite diversity held by these groups. This study employed Intersectionality and Critical Theories to inform Constructivist Grounded Theory methods and methodology; social categories of identity were strategically adopted to explore domains of power operating across multiple forms of oppression, think through subjective realities, and generate a nuanced rendering of power relations influencing health service delivery to diverse 2SLGBTQ populations in a Canadian province. Semi-structured interviews were conducted and the co-constructed theory of Working Through Stigma, with three interrelated concepts, depending on context, resolving histories, and surviving the situation, was generated. The theory depicts the concerns of participants and what they do about power relations influencing health service delivery and broader social contexts. While the negative impacts of stigma were widely and diversely experienced by patients and providers, ways of working within power relations emerged that would be impossible if stigma was not present, highlighting opportunities to positively impact those from stigmatized groups. As such, Working Through Stigma is a theory that flouts the tradition of stigma research; it offers theoretical knowledge that can be used to work within power relations upholding stigma in ways that increase access to quality health services for those whose historical underservicing can be attributed to stigma. In doing so, the stigma script is flipped and strategies for working against practices and behaviours that uphold cultural supremacies may be realized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Lane
- School of Nursing, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
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149
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Wiesepape CN, Lysaker JT, Queller SE, Lysaker PH. Personal narratives and the pursuit of purpose and possibility in psychosis: directions for developing recovery-oriented treatments. Expert Rev Neurother 2023:1-10. [PMID: 37231674 DOI: 10.1080/14737175.2023.2216384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The experience of psychosis involves changes in an individual's sense of self and their understanding of others and the world around them. Studying life narratives and narrative identity offers one way to better understand these changes. AREAS COVERED Narratives of persons with psychosis display alterations in their themes, structures, and processes. These narratives often portray the person as possessing relatively little sense of agency, without meaningful connections to others, and often describe events in a negative emotional tone. The structure of these narratives often lacks temporal cohesion, unfolding in a disjointed manner. The overall structure and content of narratives further appear to struggle to respond to experience, suggesting that individuals with psychosis may have difficulty incorporating new information into their narrative, leading to a lack of narrative evolution. This body of research illustrates how psychosis reflects the interruption of an unfolding life in which sense of self is compromised and cannot be understood as a collection of symptoms and skill deficits. EXPERT OPINION There is a need for treatment to address disruptions in personal narratives among persons with psychosis to promote a sense of purpose, possibility and meaning. As our understanding of psychosis continues to evolve and we emphasize first-person life stories, the authors believe that stigma in providers will decrease and the importance of subjective recovery will be further revealed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney N Wiesepape
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - John T Lysaker
- Department of Philosophy, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Sarah E Queller
- Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Paul H Lysaker
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Richard L Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN, USA
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150
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Edwards E, Osterberg T, Coolidge B, Greene AL, Epshteyn G, Gorman D, Ruiz D, El-Meouchy P. Military experiences, connection to military identity, and time since military discharge as predictors of United States veteran suicide risk. Mil Psychol 2023:1-14. [PMID: 37204335 DOI: 10.1080/08995605.2023.2209006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Veterans navigating the military-to-civilian transition appear at elevated risk for suicide. However, research on the transition-suicide association often fails to consider co-occurring risk factors. The independent association of time since military discharge and suicide among veterans therefore remains unclear. Data from 1,495 post-Vietnam community veterans provided estimates of suicide risk, military-based stressful experiences, connection to military identity, and recency of military discharge. Hierarchical regression analyses examined independent, incremental utility of factors associated with suicide risk after controlling for quality of life, age, and duration of military service among the total veteran sample and a subsample discharged from military service within five years prior. The resulting model explained 41% of variance in suicide risk in the total veteran sample and 51% of variance in suicide risk in the recently discharged subsample. Recency of discharge, combat exposure, moral injury, poor quality of life, and poor psychological wellness showed statistically significant, independent associations with suicide risk, whereas connection to military identity did not show significant, independent associations. Results highlight the salience of the military-to-civilian transition as an independent risk factor for veteran suicide even after controlling for military-based stressful experiences, military identity, quality of life, age, and service duration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Edwards
- Department of Veterans Affairs, VISN 2 MIRECC, Bronx, New York
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Terra Osterberg
- Department of Veterans Affairs, VISN 2 MIRECC, Bronx, New York
| | - Brettland Coolidge
- Department of Veterans Affairs, VISN 2 MIRECC, Bronx, New York
- Department of Psychology, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida
| | - Ashley L Greene
- Department of Veterans Affairs, VISN 2 MIRECC, Bronx, New York
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Gabriella Epshteyn
- Department of Veterans Affairs, VISN 2 MIRECC, Bronx, New York
- Department of Psychology, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island
| | - Daniel Gorman
- Department of Veterans Affairs, VISN 2 MIRECC, Bronx, New York
| | - Danny Ruiz
- Department of Veterans Affairs, VISN 2 MIRECC, Bronx, New York
| | - Paul El-Meouchy
- Department of Veterans Affairs, VISN 2 MIRECC, Bronx, New York
- Department of Psychology, Fielding Graduate University, Santa Barbara, California
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