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Leoni F, Hazrati H, Fomsgaard IS, Moonen AC, Kudsk P. Determination of the Effect of Co-cultivation on the Production and Root Exudation of Flavonoids in Four Legume Species Using LC-MS/MS Analysis. J Agric Food Chem 2021; 69:9208-9219. [PMID: 34346216 PMCID: PMC8389803 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c02821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Flavonoids play a key role in the regulation of plant-plant and plant-microbe interactions, and factors determining their release have been investigated in most of the common forage legumes. However, little is known about the response of flavonoid production and release to co-cultivation with other crop species. This study investigated alterations in the concentration of flavonoids in plant tissues and root exudates in four legumes [alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), black medic (Medicago polymorpha L.), crimson clover (Trifolium incarnatum L.), and subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum L.)] co-cultivated with durum wheat [Triticum turgidum subsp. durum (Desf.) Husn.]. For this purpose, we carried out two experiments in a greenhouse, one with glass beads as growth media for root exudate extraction and one with soil as growth media for flavonoid detection in shoot and root biomass, using LC-MS/MS analysis. This study revealed that interspecific competition with wheat negatively affected legume growth and led to a significant reduction in shoot and root biomass compared with the same legume species grown in monoculture. In contrast, the concentration of flavonoids significantly increased both in legume biomass and in root exudates. Changes in flavonoid concentration involved daidzein, genistein, medicarpin, and formononetin, which have been found to be involved in legume nodulation and regulation of plant-plant interaction. We hypothesize that legumes responded to the co-cultivation with wheat by promoting nodulation and increasing exudation of allelopathic compounds, respectively, to compensate for the lack of nutrients caused by the presence of wheat in the cultivation system and to reduce the competitiveness of neighboring plants. Future studies should elucidate the bioactivity of flavonoid compounds in cereal-legume co-cultivation systems and their specific role in the nodulation process and inter-specific plant interactions such as potential effects on weeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Leoni
- Group
of Agroecology, Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna, Piazza Martiri della Libertà, 33, 56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - Hossein Hazrati
- Department
of Agroecology, Aarhus University, Forsøgsvej, DK-4200 Slagelse, Denmark
| | - Inge S. Fomsgaard
- Department
of Agroecology, Aarhus University, Forsøgsvej, DK-4200 Slagelse, Denmark
| | - Anna-Camilla Moonen
- Group
of Agroecology, Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna, Piazza Martiri della Libertà, 33, 56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - Per Kudsk
- Department
of Agroecology, Aarhus University, Forsøgsvej, DK-4200 Slagelse, Denmark
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Li X, Yang C, Chen J, He Y, Deng J, Xie C, Xiao X, Long X, Wu X, Liu W, Du J, Yang F, Wang X, Yong T, Zhang J, Wu Y, Yang W, Liu J. Changing light promotes isoflavone biosynthesis in soybean pods and enhances their resistance to mildew infection. Plant Cell Environ 2021; 44:2536-2550. [PMID: 34118074 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Mildew severely reduces soybean yield and quality, and pods are the first line of defence against pathogens. Maize-soybean intercropping (MSI) reduces mildew incidence on soybean pods; however, the mechanism remains unclear. Changing light (CL) from maize shading is the most important environmental feature in MSI. We hypothesized that CL affects isoflavone accumulation in soybean pods, affecting their disease resistance. In the present study, shading treatments were applied to soybean plants during different developmental stages according to various CL environments under MSI. Chlorophyll fluorescence imaging (CFI) and classical evaluation methods confirmed that CL, especially vegetative stage shading (VS), enhanced pod resistance to mildew. Further metabolomic analyses and exogenous jasmonic acid (JA) and biosynthesis inhibitor experiments revealed the important relationship between JA and isoflavone biosynthesis, which had a synergistic effect on the enhanced resistance of CL-treated pods to mildew. VS promoted the biosynthesis and accumulation of constitutive isoflavones upstream of the isoflavone pathway, such as aglycones and glycosides, in soybean pods. When mildew infects pods, endogenous JA signalling stimulated the biosynthesis of downstream inducible malonyl isoflavone (MIF) and glyceollin to improve pod resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoman Li
- Institute of Ecological Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System/Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu, China
| | - Caiqiong Yang
- Institute of Ecological Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Department of Molecular Ecology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Thuringia, Germany
| | - Jianhua Chen
- Institute of Ecological Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System/Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuanyuan He
- Institute of Ecological Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System/Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu, China
| | - Juncai Deng
- Institute of Ecological Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Oost-Vlaanderen, Belgium
| | - Congwei Xie
- Institute of Ecological Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System/Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu, China
| | - Xinli Xiao
- Institute of Ecological Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System/Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiyang Long
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System/Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoling Wu
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System/Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu, China
| | - Weiguo Liu
- Institute of Ecological Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System/Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu, China
| | - Junbo Du
- Institute of Ecological Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System/Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu, China
| | - Feng Yang
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System/Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaochun Wang
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System/Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu, China
| | - Taiwen Yong
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System/Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System/Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu, China
| | - Yushan Wu
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System/Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu, China
| | - Wenyu Yang
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System/Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiang Liu
- Institute of Ecological Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System/Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu, China
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103
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Zhang W, Han SA, Wang M, Alemujiang A, Pan MQ, Aiermaike CA, Zhang P, Xie H. Effects of fruit tree canopy shading on grain filling of intercropping winter wheat. Ying Yong Sheng Tai Xue Bao 2021; 32:2458-2468. [PMID: 34313064 DOI: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.202107.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Fruit tree-wheat intercropping system is the main agricultural production pattern in sou-thern Xinjiang. In this study, almond (Amygdalus communis)-winter wheat (Xindong 20 (Triticum aestivum, var. Xindong 20) intercropping system was used as the research object. Four tree forms of delayed open-central shape (DC), open-center shape (OC), high stem-shape (HS), and semicircle small-canopy shape (SC) and three intercropping distances (wheat intercropping area respectively 1.5, 2.5 and 3.5 m from the tree trunk) were set to create tree canopy shading treatments, with monoculture wheat as the control. The environmental factors and the grain filling characteristic of winter wheat under different treatment conditions were measured, and the correlation between grain filling characteristics and 1000-grain weight and environmental factors was established to provide information for selecting the best management standards and optimizing the intercropping system. The results showed that under the almond tree-winter wheat intercropping system, the PAR, red/far-red light (R/FR), and temperature above the wheat canopy were significantly decreased due to canopy shading, resulting in a significant increase in humidity. The degree of variation was affected by tree form and distance. The PAR decrease degree of the four treatments was DC>OC/HS>SC, except for HS. The PAR decrease of the other tree form treatments was 1.5 m>2.5 m>3.5 m. The PAR decrease was distributed in the range of 35.5%-86.6%. A cubic polynomial equation represented the grain filling process, and the specific property of grain filling and 1000-grain weight was assessed using the correlation analysis. The decrease in the 1000-grain weight in the intercropping system was closely associated with the decreases in average grain-filling rate (V), maximum grain-filling rate (Vmax), effective grain-filling duration (Se), and effective grain-filling duration (Vs). The shortening of Se and the reduction in the grain filling rate were related with the reduction in the PAR incidence above the wheat canopy. In the fruit tree-winter wheat intercropping system, the reduction of PAR, dry matter accumulation after flowering, and Se were reduced by tree canopy shading consequently for the decrease in the 1000-grain weight of the intercropping wheat. When the distance between the intercropping area and the tree trunk was greater than 75% of tree height, and shading intensity was less than 35.5% of the natural light intensity, the intercropping with the almond tree could increase the 1000-grain weight of wheat by increasing the effective grain-filling duration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Zhang
- Institute of Horticultural Crops, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Scientific Observation and Experimental Station of Pomology (Xinjiang), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Urumqi 830091, China
| | - Shou-An Han
- Institute of Horticultural Crops, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Scientific Observation and Experimental Station of Pomology (Xinjiang), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Urumqi 830091, China
| | - Min Wang
- Institute of Horticultural Crops, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Scientific Observation and Experimental Station of Pomology (Xinjiang), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Urumqi 830091, China
| | - Aubrey Alemujiang
- Forestry and Grassland Administration of Hetian Prefecture, Hetian 848000, Xinjiang, China
| | - Ming-Qi Pan
- Institute of Horticultural Crops, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Scientific Observation and Experimental Station of Pomology (Xinjiang), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Urumqi 830091, China
| | - Caik Aaasimu Aiermaike
- Institute of Horticultural Crops, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Scientific Observation and Experimental Station of Pomology (Xinjiang), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Urumqi 830091, China
| | - Ping Zhang
- Institute of Agricultural Product Storage and Processing, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi 830091, China
| | - Hui Xie
- Institute of Horticultural Crops, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Scientific Observation and Experimental Station of Pomology (Xinjiang), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Urumqi 830091, China
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104
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Wolfe MD, Jannink JL, Kantar MB, Santantonio N. Multi-Species Genomics-Enabled Selection for Improving Agroecosystems Across Space and Time. Front Plant Sci 2021; 12:665349. [PMID: 34249037 PMCID: PMC8261054 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.665349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Plant breeding has been central to global increases in crop yields. Breeding deserves praise for helping to establish better food security, but also shares the responsibility of unintended consequences. Much work has been done describing alternative agricultural systems that seek to alleviate these externalities, however, breeding methods and breeding programs have largely not focused on these systems. Here we explore breeding and selection strategies that better align with these more diverse spatial and temporal agricultural systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marnin D. Wolfe
- Plant Breeding and Genetics Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Jean-Luc Jannink
- Plant Breeding and Genetics Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
- United States Department of Agriculture – Agriculture Research Service, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Michael B. Kantar
- Department of Tropical Plant and Soil Science, University of Hawai‘i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI, United States
| | - Nicholas Santantonio
- School of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
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105
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Garcia AG, Malaquias JB, Ferreira CP, Tomé MP, Weber ID, Godoy WAC. Ecological Modelling of Insect Movement in Cropping Systems. Neotrop Entomol 2021; 50:321-334. [PMID: 33900576 DOI: 10.1007/s13744-021-00869-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The spatio-temporal dynamics of insect pests in agricultural landscapes involves the potential of species to move, invade, colonise, and establish in different areas. This study revised the dispersal of the important crop pests Diabrotica speciosa Germar and Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) by using computational modelling to represent the movement of these polyphagous pests in agricultural mosaics. The findings raise significant questions regarding the dispersal of pests through crops and refuge areas, indicating that understanding pest movement is essential for developing strategies to predict critical infestation levels to assist in pest-management decisions. In addition, our modelling approach can be adapted for other insect species and other cropping systems despite discussing two specific species in the current manuscript. We present an overview of studies, combining experimentation and ecological modelling, discussing the methods used and the importance of studying insect movement as well as the implications for agricultural landscapes in Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriano Gomes Garcia
- Dept of Entomology and Acarology, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture, Univ of São Paulo, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Maysa Pereira Tomé
- Dept of Entomology and Acarology, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture, Univ of São Paulo, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Igor Daniel Weber
- Dept of Entomology and Acarology, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture, Univ of São Paulo, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Wesley Augusto Conde Godoy
- Dept of Entomology and Acarology, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture, Univ of São Paulo, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil.
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106
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Stefan L, Engbersen N, Schöb C. Crop-weed relationships are context-dependent and cannot fully explain the positive effects of intercropping on yield. Ecol Appl 2021; 31:e02311. [PMID: 33630392 DOI: 10.1002/eap.2311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Implementing sustainable weed control strategies is a major challenge in agriculture. Intercropping offers a potential solution to control weed pressure by reducing the resources available for weeds; however, available research on the relationship between crop diversity and weed pressure and its consequences for crop yield is not yet fully conclusive. In this study, we performed an extensive intercropping experiment using eight crop species and 40 different species mixtures to examine how crop diversity affects weed communities and how the subsequent changes in weeds influence crop yield. Mesocosm experiments were carried out under field conditions in Switzerland and in Spain, which differ drastically in terms of climate, soil and weed community, and included monocultures, two- and four-species mixtures, and a control treatment without crops. Weed communities were assessed in terms of biomass, species number and evenness, and community composition. Results indicate that intercropping reduces weed biomass and diversity in Spain but not in Switzerland. In Switzerland, despite the lack of a crop diversity effect on weeds, crop yield increased with crop species number. Moreover, in Switzerland, where soil resources were abundant, increasing crop yield correlated with reduced weed biomass. In Spain, where water and nutrients were limited, crop yield was not related to weed biomass or diversity. The presented research applies plant community ecology in the context of agricultural crop production systems. We demonstrate that, in our study, increased crop yield in mixtures was not due to increased weed suppression in diverse crop communities, and so must be the result of other ecological processes. We further show that crop-weed relationships vary across environmental conditions; more specifically, our study shows that weeds are less detrimental to crop yield in harsher environments compared to benign abiotic conditions, where alternative strategies are needed to control weed pressure and ensure the yield benefits provided by intercropping.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Stefan
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, 8092, Switzerland
| | - Nadine Engbersen
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, 8092, Switzerland
| | - Christian Schöb
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, 8092, Switzerland
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107
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Pivato B, Semblat A, Guégan T, Jacquiod S, Martin J, Deau F, Moutier N, Lecomte C, Burstin J, Lemanceau P. Rhizosphere Bacterial Networks, but Not Diversity, Are Impacted by Pea-Wheat Intercropping. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:674556. [PMID: 34127925 PMCID: PMC8195745 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.674556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant-plant associations, notably cereal-legume intercropping, have been proposed in agroecology to better value resources and thus reduce the use of chemical inputs in agriculture. Wheat-pea intercropping allows to decreasing the use of nitrogen fertilization through ecological processes such as niche complementarity and facilitation. Rhizosphere microbial communities may account for these processes, since they play a major role in biogeochemical cycles and impact plant nutrition. Still, knowledge on the effect of intecropping on the rhizosphere microbiota remains scarce. Especially, it is an open question whether rhizosphere microbial communities in cereal-legume intercropping are the sum or not of the microbiota of each plant species cultivated in sole cropping. In the present study, we assessed the impact of wheat and pea in IC on the diversity and structure of their respective rhizosphere microbiota. For this purpose, several cultivars of wheat and pea were cultivated in sole and intercropping. Roots of wheat and pea were collected separately in intercropping for microbiota analyses to allow deciphering the effect of IC on the bacterial community of each plant species/cultivar tested. Our data confirmed the well-known specificity of the rhizosphere effect and further stress the differentiation of bacterial communities between pea genotypes (Hr and hr). As regards the intercropping effect, diversity and structure of the rhizosphere microbiota were comparable to sole cropping. However, a specific co-occurrence pattern in each crop rhizosphere due to intercropping was revealed through network analysis. Bacterial co-occurrence network of wheat rhizosphere in IC was dominated by OTUs belonging to Alphaproteobacteria, Bacteroidetes and Gammaproteobacteria. We also evidenced a common network found in both rhizosphere under IC, indicating the interaction between the plant species; this common network was dominated by Acidobacteria, Alphaproteobacteria, and Bacteroidetes, with three OTUs belonging to Acidobacteria, Betaproteobacteria and Chloroflexi that were identified as keystone taxa. These findings indicate more complex rhizosphere bacterial networks in intercropping. Possible implications of these conclusions are discussed in relation with the functioning of rhizosphere microbiota in intercropping accounting for its beneficial effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Pivato
- Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, INRAE, Université de Bourgogne - Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Amélie Semblat
- Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, INRAE, Université de Bourgogne - Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Thibault Guégan
- Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, INRAE, Université de Bourgogne - Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Samuel Jacquiod
- Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, INRAE, Université de Bourgogne - Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | | | - Florence Deau
- Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, INRAE, Université de Bourgogne - Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Nathalie Moutier
- IGEPP, INRAE, Institut Agro Agrocampus Ouest, Université de Rennes 1, Le Rheu, France
| | - Christophe Lecomte
- Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, INRAE, Université de Bourgogne - Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Judith Burstin
- Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, INRAE, Université de Bourgogne - Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Philippe Lemanceau
- Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, INRAE, Université de Bourgogne - Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
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108
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Engbersen N, Brooker RW, Stefan L, Studer B, Schöb C. Temporal Differentiation of Resource Capture and Biomass Accumulation as a Driver of Yield Increase in Intercropping. Front Plant Sci 2021; 12:668803. [PMID: 34122489 PMCID: PMC8193092 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.668803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Intercropping, i.e., the simultaneous cultivation of different crops on the same field, has demonstrated yield advantages compared to monoculture cropping. These yield advantages have often been attributed to complementary resource use, but few studies quantified the temporal complementarity of nutrient acquisition and biomass production. Our understanding of how nutrient uptake rates of nitrogen (N) and phosphorous (P) and biomass accumulation change throughout the growing season and between different neighbors is limited. We conducted weekly destructive harvests to measure temporal trajectories of N and P uptake and biomass production in three crop species (oat, lupin, and camelina) growing either as isolated single plants, in monocultures or as intercrops. Additionally, we quantified organic acid exudation in the rhizosphere and biological N2-fixation of lupin throughout the growing season. Logistic models were fitted to characterize nutrient acquisition and biomass accumulation trajectories. Nutrient uptake and biomass accumulation trajectories were curtailed by competitive interactions, resulting in earlier peak rates and lower total accumulated nutrients and biomass compared to cultivation as isolated single plants. Different pathways led to overyielding in the two mixtures. The oat-camelina mixture was characterized by a shift from belowground temporal niche partitioning of resource uptake to aboveground competition for light during the growing season. The oat-lupin mixture showed strong competitive interactions, where lupin eventually overyielded due to reliance on atmospheric N and stronger competitiveness for soil P compared to oat. Synthesis: This study demonstrates temporal shifts to earlier peak rates of plants growing with neighbors compared to those growing alone, with changes in uptake patterns suggesting that observed temporal shifts in our experiment were driven by competitive interactions rather than active plant behavior to reduce competition. The two differing pathways to overyielding in the two mixtures highlight the importance of examining temporal dynamics in intercropping systems to understand the underlying mechanisms of overyielding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Engbersen
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences, ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Rob W. Brooker
- Ecological Sciences, The James Hutton Institute, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - Laura Stefan
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences, ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Björn Studer
- Institute of Terrestrial Ecosystems, ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Christian Schöb
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences, ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
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109
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Wang YJ, Wang TQ, Hou ZJ, Wang XH, Su GJ, Liu YQ, Zhou Q. [Responses of root exudates to intercropping of Chinese milk vetch with rape.]. Ying Yong Sheng Tai Xue Bao 2021; 32:1783-1790. [PMID: 34042374 DOI: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.202105.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Root exudates are important carriers for material exchange and information transfer between plant and soil, and important regulators of crop-soil-microorganism interaction in intercropping systems. We examined the interaction between crops in intercropping system by setting three treatments, monoculture Chinese milk vetch, monoculture rape and Chinese milk vetch intercropped with rape. The responses of root exudates were emphatically analyzed. The results showed that 391 root exudates were detected, with 93 of which being identified and divided into nine types of metabo-lites. Among them, organooxygen compounds were the most abundant, mainly in the form of ribitol. Under different planting patterns, root exudates of Chinese milk vetch and rape were significantly different. The characteristics of root exudates in intercropping were similar to monoculture rape, but significantly different from monoculture Chinese milk vetch. Among the root exudates in different planting modes, only 9-fluorenone 1 was negatively correlated with others. The differential root exudates were mainly benzenoids, lipids and lipid-like molecules, organic acids and derivatives, and organooxygen compounds. The benzenoids, lipids and lipid-like molecules were important types that characterized the changes of root exudates of Chinese milk vetch and rape. Chinese milk vetch intercropping with rape changed the characteristics of root exudates, which were closely related to benzenoids, lipids, and lipid-like molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Jun Wang
- Research Center on Ecological Sciences, Jiangxi Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Crop Physio-logy, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Teng-Qi Wang
- Research Center on Ecological Sciences, Jiangxi Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Crop Physio-logy, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Zhi-Jie Hou
- Research Center on Ecological Sciences, Jiangxi Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Crop Physio-logy, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Xue-Hao Wang
- Research Center on Ecological Sciences, Jiangxi Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Crop Physio-logy, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Gao-Jie Su
- Research Center on Ecological Sciences, Jiangxi Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Crop Physio-logy, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Yi-Qiang Liu
- Research Center on Ecological Sciences, Jiangxi Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Crop Physio-logy, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Quan Zhou
- Research Center on Ecological Sciences, Jiangxi Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Crop Physio-logy, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education, Nanchang 330045, China
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Zhang J, Shuang S, Zhang L, Xie S, Chen J. Photosynthetic and Photoprotective Responses to Steady-State and Fluctuating Light in the Shade-Demanding Crop Amorphophallus xiei Grown in Intercropping and Monoculture Systems. Front Plant Sci 2021; 12:663473. [PMID: 34093621 PMCID: PMC8175988 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.663473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Photosynthetic and photoprotective responses to simulated sunflecks were examined in the shade-demanding crop Amorphophallus xiei intercropped with maize (intercropping condition) or grown in an adjacent open site (monoculture condition). Both intercropping leaves and monoculture leaves exhibited very fast induction responses. The times taken to achieve 90% maximum net photosynthetic rate in intercropping leaves and monoculture leaves were 198.3 ± 27.4 s and 223.7 ± 20.5 s during the photosynthetic induction, respectively. During an 8-min simulated sunfleck, the proportion of excess excited energy dissipated through the xanthophyll cycle-dependent pathway (Φ NPQ) and dissipated through constitutive thermal dissipation and the fluorescence (Φ f, d) pathway increased quickly to its maximum, and then plateaued slowly to a steady state in both intercropping and monoculture leaves. When the illumination was gradually increased within photosystem II (PSII), Φ NPQ increased quicker and to a higher level in monoculture leaves than in intercropping leaves. Relative to their monoculture counterparts, intercropping leaves exhibited a significantly lower accumulation of oxygen free radicals, a significantly higher content of chlorophyll, and a similar content of malondialdehyde. Although monoculture leaves exhibited a larger mass-based pool size of xanthophyll cycle [V (violaxanthin) + A (antheraxanthin) + Z (zeaxanthin)] than intercropping leaves, intercropping leaves had a higher ratio of (Z + A)/(V + Z + A) than monoculture leaves. intercropping leaves had markedly higher glutathione content and ascorbate-peroxidase activity than their monoculture counterparts. Similar activities of catalase, peroxidase, dehydroascorbate reductase, and monodehydroascorbate were found in both systems. Only superoxide dismutase activity and ascorbate content were lower in the intercropping leaves than in their monoculture counterparts. Overall, the xanthophyll cycle-dependent energy dissipation and the enzymatic antioxidant defense system are important for protecting plants from photooxidation in an intercropping system with intense sunflecks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyan Zhang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwestern China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Shengpu Shuang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwestern China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Ling Zhang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwestern China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Shiqing Xie
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwestern China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Junwen Chen
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwestern China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
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Schlautman B, Bartel C, Diaz-Garcia L, Fei S, Flynn S, Haramoto E, Moore K, Raman DR. Perennial groundcovers: an emerging technology for soil conservation and the sustainable intensification of agriculture. Emerg Top Life Sci 2021; 5:337-47. [PMID: 33973632 DOI: 10.1042/ETLS20200318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Integrating perennial groundcovers (PGC) — sometimes referred to as living mulches or perennial cover crops — into annual cash-crop systems could address root causes of bare-soil practices that lead to negative impacts on soil and water quality. Perennial groundcovers bring otherwise absent functional traits — namely perenniality — into cash-crop systems to preserve soil and regenerate water, carbon, and nutrient cycles. However, if not optimized, they can also cause competitive interactions and yield loss. When designing PGC systems, the goal is to maximize complementarity — spatial and temporal separation of growth and resource acquisition — between PGC and cash crops through both breeding and management. Traits of interest include complementary root and shoot systems, reduced shade avoidance response in the cash-crop, and PGC summer dormancy. Successful deployment of PGC systems could increase both productivity and profitability by improving water- and nutrient-use-efficiency, improving weed and pest control, and creating additional value-added opportunities like stover harvest. Many scientific questions about the inherent interactions at the cell, plant, and ecosystem levels in PGC systems are waiting to be explored. Their answers could enable innovation and refinement of PGC system design for multiple geographies, crops, and food systems, creating a practical and scalable pathway towards resiliency, crop diversification, and sustainable intensification in agriculture.
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Scheidegger L, Niassy S, Midega C, Chiriboga X, Delabays N, Lefort F, Zürcher R, Hailu G, Khan Z, Subramanian S. The role of Desmodium intortum, Brachiaria sp. and Phaseolus vulgaris in the management of fall armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) in maize cropping systems in Africa. Pest Manag Sci 2021; 77:2350-2357. [PMID: 33421266 PMCID: PMC8048848 DOI: 10.1002/ps.6261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) is a serious pest of maize. Farming systems such as push-pull or maize-legume intercropping have been reported to reduce FAW infestations significantly. However, the exact mechanisms involved in FAW management have not been practically elucidated. We therefore assessed larval host preference, feeding and survival rate when exposed to four host plants commonly used in push-pull and legume intercropping. We also compared adult moths' oviposition preference between maize and other grasses used as trap crops in push-pull. RESULTS The larval orientation and settlement study showed that maize was the most preferred host plant followed by bean, desmodium and Brachiaria brizantha cv Mulato II. The larval arrest and dispersal experiment showed that mean number of larvae was significantly higher on maize than on Desmodium or B. brizantha cv Mulato II. However, no significant differences were found between maize and bean after 24 h. Maize was the most consumed plant, followed by bean, desmodium and finally brachiaria. The mean percentage of survival to the pupation stage was significantly higher on maize. The study on FAW oviposition preference showed no significant differences in egg deposited between maize and other grasses. However, B. brizantha cv Xaraes, which received more eggs than maize, could be a promising alternative to B. brizantha cv Mulato II for the control of FAW. CONCLUSION The study provides a better understanding of the mechanisms involved in the control of fall armyworm under the push-pull and maize legume intercropping. © 2021 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laetitia Scheidegger
- Haute école du paysage, d'ingénierie et d'architecture de GenèveGenevaSwitzerland
| | - Saliou Niassy
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and EcologyNairobiKenya
| | - Charles Midega
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and EcologyNairobiKenya
| | - Xavier Chiriboga
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and EcologyNairobiKenya
| | - Nicolas Delabays
- Haute école du paysage, d'ingénierie et d'architecture de GenèveGenevaSwitzerland
| | - François Lefort
- Haute école du paysage, d'ingénierie et d'architecture de GenèveGenevaSwitzerland
| | - Roger Zürcher
- Haute école du paysage, d'ingénierie et d'architecture de GenèveGenevaSwitzerland
| | - Girma Hailu
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and EcologyNairobiKenya
| | - Zeyaur Khan
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and EcologyNairobiKenya
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Stefan L, Hartmann M, Engbersen N, Six J, Schöb C. Positive Effects of Crop Diversity on Productivity Driven by Changes in Soil Microbial Composition. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:660749. [PMID: 33936016 PMCID: PMC8081861 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.660749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Intensive agriculture has major negative impacts on ecosystem diversity and functioning, including that of soils. The associated reduction of soil biodiversity and essential soil functions, such as nutrient cycling, can restrict plant growth and crop yield. By increasing plant diversity in agricultural systems, intercropping could be a promising way to foster soil microbial diversity and functioning. However, plant-microbe interactions and the extent to which they influence crop yield under field conditions are still poorly understood. In this study, we performed an extensive intercropping experiment using eight crop species and 40 different crop mixtures to investigate how crop diversity affects soil microbial diversity and activity, and whether these changes subsequently affect crop yield. Experiments were carried out in mesocosms under natural conditions in Switzerland and in Spain, two countries with drastically different soils and climate, and our crop communities included either one, two or four species. We sampled and sequenced soil microbial DNA to assess soil microbial diversity, and measured soil basal respiration as a proxy for soil activity. Results indicate that in Switzerland, increasing crop diversity led to shifts in soil microbial community composition, and in particular to an increase of several plant-growth promoting microbes, such as members of the bacterial phylum Actinobacteria. These shifts in community composition subsequently led to a 15 and 35% increase in crop yield in 2 and 4-species mixtures, respectively. This suggests that the positive effects of crop diversity on crop productivity can partially be explained by changes in soil microbial composition. However, the effects of crop diversity on soil microbes were relatively small compared to the effects of abiotic factors such as fertilization (three times larger) or soil moisture (three times larger). Furthermore, these processes were context-dependent: in Spain, where resources were limited, soil microbial communities did not respond to crop diversity, and their effect on crop yield was less strong. This research highlights the potential beneficial role of soil microbial communities in intercropping systems, while also reflecting on the relative importance of crop diversity compared to abiotic drivers of microbiomes and emphasizing the context-dependence of crop-microbe relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Stefan
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
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114
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Zhang N, Evers JB, Anten NPR, Marcelis LFM. Turning plant interactions upside down: Light signals from below matter. Plant Cell Environ 2021; 44:1111-1118. [PMID: 32920859 PMCID: PMC8048918 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Plants grow in dense stands receive light signals of varying strength from all directions. Plant responses to light signals from below should be considered in light‐mediated plant interactions, as their consequences for plant performance differ among ecological and agricultural settings. Where to perceive, how to integrate and what type of responses can be induced by light signals from below are major questions that need to be solved to expand our understanding of light‐mediated plant interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ningyi Zhang
- Horticulture and Product Physiology Group, Department of Plant SciencesWageningen UniversityWageningenThe Netherlands
| | - Jochem B. Evers
- Centre for Crop Systems Analysis, Department of Plant SciencesWageningen UniversityWageningenThe Netherlands
| | - Niels P. R. Anten
- Centre for Crop Systems Analysis, Department of Plant SciencesWageningen UniversityWageningenThe Netherlands
| | - Leo F. M. Marcelis
- Horticulture and Product Physiology Group, Department of Plant SciencesWageningen UniversityWageningenThe Netherlands
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115
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Gao H, Li S, Wu F. Impact of Intercropping on the Diazotrophic Community in the Soils of Continuous Cucumber Cropping Systems. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:630302. [PMID: 33868191 PMCID: PMC8044418 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.630302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Diazotrophs are important soil components that help replenish biologically available nitrogen (N) in the soil and contribute to minimizing the use of inorganic N fertilizers in agricultural ecosystems. However, there is little understanding of how diazotrophs respond to intercropping and soil physicochemical properties in cucumber continuous cropping systems. In this study, using the nifH gene as a marker, we have examined the impacts of seven intercropping plants on diazotrophic community diversity and composition compared to a cucumber continuous cropping system during two cropping seasons. The results showed that intercropping increased the abundance of the nifH gene, which was negatively correlated with available phosphorous in the fall. Diazotrophic diversity and richness were higher in the rape-cucumber system than in the monoculture. Multivariate regression tree analysis revealed that the diversity of the diazotrophic communties was shaped mainly by soil moisture and available phosphorous. Skermanella were the dominant genera in all of the samples, which increased significantly in the mustard-cucumber system in the fall. There was no effect of intercropping on the structure of the diazotrophic community in this case. Non-metric multidimensional scaling analysis showed that cropping season had a greater effect than intercropping on the community structure of the diazotrophs. Overall, our results suggest that intercropping altered the abundance and diversity rather than the structure of the diazotrophic community, which may potentially affect the N fixation ability of continuous cropping systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Gao
- Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Northeast Region), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Sen Li
- Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Northeast Region), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Fengzhi Wu
- Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Northeast Region), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
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116
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Luo C, Ma L, Zhu J, Guo Z, Dong K, Dong Y. Effects of Nitrogen and Intercropping on the Occurrence of Wheat Powdery Mildew and Stripe Rust and the Relationship With Crop Yield. Front Plant Sci 2021; 12:637393. [PMID: 33719313 PMCID: PMC7943856 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.637393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Wheat powdery mildew (Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici) and stripe rust (Puccinia striiformis Westend f. sp. tritici) restrict wheat production in southwest China. Nitrogen fertilizers may influence outbreaks of these wheat diseases where wheat/faba beans are intercropped. To clarify how intercropping and varying nitrogen levels influence wheat powdery mildew and stripe rust and their relationship with crop yield, two consecutive field experiments were conducted from 2015 to 2017. Three cropping regimens (monocropped wheat, monocropped faba beans, and intercropped wheat/faba beans) and four nitrogen levels [N0 (0 kg⋅ha-1), N1 (90 kg⋅ha-1), N2 (180 kg⋅ha-1), and N3 (270 kg⋅ha-1)] were evaluated. In two consecutive planting seasons, the incidence and disease index of powdery mildew and stripe rust increased, while the disease index was more affected by nitrogen levels than their incidence. Both diseases were most prevalent at the N3 level. Compared with monocropping, intercropping (N0-N3 levels) reduced the incidence of powdery mildew by 2.8-37.0% and disease index by 15.5-47.4%, increased the relative control effect by 10.7-56.2 and 16.3-47.2%, reduced the incidence of stripe rust by 2.9-42.7% and disease index by 8.3-42.2%, and increased the relative control effect by 5.9-43.7 and 8.8-42.1%. The relative control efficacy of intercropping was most affected by N2 level. Intercropping yield increased with increasing nitrogen by 25.0-46.8%, and overall land equivalent ratio (LER) was 1.30-1.39. The correlation coefficient between disease index and wheat yield for both diseases was -0.7429 to -0.9942, a significant negative correlation, most significant at N1. Nitrogen regulation in intercropped wheat/faba beans can control powdery mildew and stripe rust, and optimize wheat yield. Intercropping at 180 kg ha-1 N2 resulted in the highest yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaosheng Luo
- College of Resources and Environment, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Liankun Ma
- College of Resources and Environment, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Jinhui Zhu
- College of Resources and Environment, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Zengpeng Guo
- College of Resources and Environment, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Kun Dong
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Yan Dong
- College of Resources and Environment, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
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117
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Trinchera A, Testani E, Roccuzzo G, Campanelli G, Ciaccia C. Agroecological Service Crops Drive Plant Mycorrhization in Organic Horticultural Systems. Microorganisms 2021; 9:410. [PMID: 33669446 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9020410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycorrhizal symbiosis represents a valuable tool for increasing plant nutrient uptake, affecting system biodiversity, ecosystem services and productivity. Introduction of agroecological service crops (ASCs) in cropping systems may determine changes in weed community, that can affect the development of the mycorrhizal mycelial network in the rhizosphere, favoring or depressing the cash crop mycorrhization. Two no-till Mediterranean organic horticultural systems were considered: one located in central Italy, where organic melon was transplanted on four winter-cereals mulches (rye, spelt, barley, wheat), one located in southern Italy (Sicily), where barley (as catch crop) was intercropped in an organic young orange orchard, with the no tilled, unweeded systems taken as controls. Weed “Supporting Arbuscular Mycorrhiza” (SAM) trait, weed density and biodiversity indexes, mycorrhization of coexistent plants in the field, the external mycelial network on roots were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy, crop P uptake, yield and quality were evaluated. We verified that cereals, used as green mulches or intercropped, may drive the weed selection in favor of the SAM species, and promote the mycelial network, thus significantly increasing the mycorrhization, the P uptake, the yield and quality traits of the cash crop. This is a relevant economic factor when introducing sustainable cropping practices and assessing the overall functionality of the agroecosystem.
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118
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Hu R, Li Q, Huang Y, Zhao Y, Xiao L, Jing Q, Zou Y, Lin L. Intercropping with post-grafting generation of Solanum photeinocarpum decreases cadmium accumulation in soybean ( Glycine max). Int J Phytoremediation 2021; 23:1124-1131. [PMID: 33528274 DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2021.1880366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A pot experiment was designed to explore the effects of different post-grafting generations of Solanum photeinocarpum Nakamura et Odashima intercropping on growth and cadmium (Cd) accumulation in soybeans (varieties: "Zaodou" and "Liaoxian"). Post generation of S. photeinocarpum (ungrafted, grafted on eggplant, potato, and tomato, respectively) were utilized to intercrop with two varieties of soybean in Cd-contaminated soil. Soybean monoculture was employed as a control. Consequently, intercropping with different post-grafting S. photeinocarpum generation, except for tomato rootstock grafts post-generation, could reduce soybean biomass and photosynthetic pigment content. Additionally, all S. photeinocarpum post-grafting generations had the capacity to reduce Cd content in soybean when intercropping, while tomato rootstock grafts post-generation exhibited an adequate ability to accumulate Cd in S. photeinocarpum compared to the ungrafted treatment. In particular, tomato rootstock grafts post-generation could effectively decrease Cd content in soybean organs by 14.09-62.13%, relative to soybean monoculture, but increased shoot Cd content and shoot Cd extraction of S. photeinocarpum by 10.33-13.49% and 10.38-12.03%, respectively, compared to the ungrafted treatment. Thus, tomato rootstock grafting may enhance the ability of post-grafting generation of S. photeinocarpum to remediate Cd-contaminated soil, and this grafting was able to reduce Cd accumulation in soybean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongping Hu
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- MOA Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pests on Crops in Southwest China, Institute of Plant Protection, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Qinyuan Li
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yong Huang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ling Xiao
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qianhe Jing
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yao Zou
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lijin Lin
- Institute of Pomology and Olericulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
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Tang X, Jiang J, Huang Z, Wu H, Wang J, He L, Xiong F, Zhong R, Liu J, Han Z, Tang R, He L. Sugarcane/peanut intercropping system improves the soil quality and increases the abundance of beneficial microbes. J Basic Microbiol 2021; 61:165-176. [PMID: 33448033 DOI: 10.1002/jobm.202000750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Sugarcane/peanut intercropping is a highly efficient planting pattern in South China. However, the effects of sugarcane/peanut intercropping on soil quality need to be clarified. This study characterized the soil microbial community and the soil quality in sugarcane/peanut intercropping systems by the Illumina MiSeq platform. The results showed that the intercropping sugarcane (IS) system significantly increased the total N (TN), available N (AN), available P (AP), pH value, and acid phosphatase activity (ACP), but it had little effect on the total P (TP), total K (TK), available K (AK), organic matter (OM), urease activity, protease activity, catalase activity, and sucrase activity, compared with those in monocropping sugarcane (MS) and monocropping peanut (MP) systems. Both intercropping peanut (IP) and IS soils contained more bacteria and fungi than soils in the MP and MS fields, and the microbes identified were mainly Chloroflexi and Acidobacteria, respectively. Intercropping significantly increased the number of unique microbes in IS soils (68 genera), compared with the numbers in the IP (14), MS (17), and MP (16) systems. The redundancy analysis revealed that the abundances of culturable Acidobacteriaceae subgroup 1, nonculturable DA111, and culturable Acidobacteria were positively correlated with the measured soil quality in the intercropping system. Furthermore, the sugarcane/peanut intercropping significantly increased the economic benefit by 87.84% and 36.38%, as compared with that of the MP and MS, respectively. These results suggest that peanut and sugarcane intercropping increases the available N and P content by increasing the abundance of rhizospheric microbes, especially Acidobacteriaceae subgroup 1, DA111, and Acidobacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiumei Tang
- Agricultural College of Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, China.,Cash Crops Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Jing Jiang
- Cash Crops Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Zhipeng Huang
- Cash Crops Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Haining Wu
- Cash Crops Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Jin Wang
- Agricultural Resource and Environment Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Liangqiong He
- Cash Crops Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Faqian Xiong
- Cash Crops Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Ruichun Zhong
- Cash Crops Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Cash Crops Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Zhuqiang Han
- Cash Crops Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Ronghua Tang
- Cash Crops Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Longfei He
- Agricultural College of Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
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120
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Liu Y, Yang H, Liu Q, Zhao X, Xie S, Wang Z, Wen R, Zhang M, Chen B. Effect of Two Different Sugarcane Cultivars on Rhizosphere Bacterial Communities of Sugarcane and Soybean Upon Intercropping. Front Microbiol 2021; 11:596472. [PMID: 33519733 PMCID: PMC7841398 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.596472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Intercropping of soybean and sugarcane is an important strategy to promote sustainable development of the sugarcane industry. In fact, our understanding of the interaction between the rhizosphere and bacterial communities in the intercropping system is still evolving; particularly, the influence of different sugarcane varieties on rhizosphere bacterial communities in the intercropping process with soybean, still needs further research. Here, we evaluated the response of sugarcane varieties ZZ1 and ZZ9 to the root bacterial community during intercropping with soybean. We found that when ZZ9 was intercropped with soybean, the bacterial diversity increased significantly as compared to that when ZZ1 was used. ZZ9 played a major role in changing the bacterial environment of the root system by affecting the diversity of rhizosphere bacteria, forming a rhizosphere environment more conducive to the growth of sugarcane. In addition, our study found that ZZ1 and ZZ9 had differed significantly in their utilization of nutrients. For example, nutrients were affected by different functional genes in processes such as denitrification, P-uptake and transport, inorganic P-solubilization, and organic P-mineralization. These results are significant in terms of providing guidance to the sugarcane industry, particularly for the intercropping of sugarcane and soybean in Guangxi, China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Liu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology, Nanning, China
- College of Agronomy, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Huichun Yang
- College of Agronomy, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Qi Liu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology, Nanning, China
- College of Agronomy, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Xiaowen Zhao
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology, Nanning, China
- College of Agronomy, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Sasa Xie
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology, Nanning, China
- College of Agronomy, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Ziting Wang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology, Nanning, China
- College of Agronomy, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Ronghui Wen
- College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Muqing Zhang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology, Nanning, China
- College of Agronomy, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Baoshan Chen
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology, Nanning, China
- College of Agronomy, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
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Dingha BN, Jackai LE, Amoah BA, Akotsen-Mensah C. Pollinators on Cowpea Vigna unguiculata: Implications for Intercropping to Enhance Biodiversity. Insects 2021; 12:insects12010054. [PMID: 33440887 PMCID: PMC7827132 DOI: 10.3390/insects12010054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Pollinators are a major part of global biodiversity and they provide ecosystem services important for the production of many crops. Their abundance and diversity have declined steadily in recent years. Loss of foraging resources through degradation and fragmentation of natural habitats has been a major factor. Enhancing floral resources in the environment can mitigate this decline. Cowpea nectar has been reported to make the crop attractive to pollinators. We evaluated twenty-four cowpea varieties for pollinator abundance and diversity using pan traps, sticky traps, and direct visual counts. Sticky traps captured the highest number of pollinators and pan traps the least. The highest number of pollinators was recorded on Penny Rile cowpea and the lowest on Iron and Clay which had no flowers. Whippoorwill had the most flowers and ranked third in number of pollinators. Our findings indicate that cowpeas can be used to improve pollinator efficiency. Intercropping pollinator-dependent crops with cowpea varieties such as Penny Rile, Dixielee, and Whippoorwill will not only provide resources for the pollinators but can also be effective in increasing pollinator number and activity to increase crop yields. Abstract Pollinators are on the decline and loss of flower resources play a major role. This raises concerns regarding production of insect-pollinated crops and therefore food security. There is urgency to mitigate the decline through creation of farming systems that encourage flower-rich habitats. Cowpea is a crop that produces pollen and nectar attractive to pollinators. Twenty-four cowpea varieties were planted, and the number of pollinators were counted using three sampling methods: pan traps, sticky traps, and direct visual counts. Five pollinator types (honey bees, bumble bees, carpenter bees, wasps, and butterflies and moths), 11 and 16 pollinator families were recorded from direct visual counts, pan and sticky traps, respectively. Pollinator distribution varied significantly among varieties and sampling methods, with highest number on Penny Rile (546.0 ± 38.6) and lowest (214.8 ± 29.2) in Iron and Clay. Sticky traps accounted for 45%, direct visual counts (31%), and pan traps (23%) of pollinators. Pollinators captured by pan traps were more diverse than the other methods. The relationship between number of pollinators and number of flowers was significant (r2 = 0.3; p = 0.009). Cowpea can increase resources for pollinators and could be used to improve pollinator abundance and diversity in different farming systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrice N. Dingha
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Design, North Carolina A&T State University, Greensboro, NC 27411, USA; (L.E.J.); (B.A.A.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-336-285-4864
| | - Louis E. Jackai
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Design, North Carolina A&T State University, Greensboro, NC 27411, USA; (L.E.J.); (B.A.A.)
| | - Barbara A. Amoah
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Design, North Carolina A&T State University, Greensboro, NC 27411, USA; (L.E.J.); (B.A.A.)
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Haug B, Messmer MM, Enjalbert J, Goldringer I, Forst E, Flutre T, Mary-Huard T, Hohmann P. Advances in Breeding for Mixed Cropping - Incomplete Factorials and the Producer/Associate Concept. Front Plant Sci 2021; 11:620400. [PMID: 33505418 PMCID: PMC7829252 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.620400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Mixed cropping has been suggested as a resource-efficient approach to meet high produce demands while maintaining biodiversity and minimizing environmental impact. Current breeding programs do not select for enhanced general mixing ability (GMA) and neglect biological interactions within species mixtures. Clear concepts and efficient experimental designs, adapted to breeding for mixed cropping and encoded into appropriate statistical models, are lacking. Thus, a model framework for GMA and SMA (specific mixing ability) was established. Results of a simulation study showed that an incomplete factorial design combines advantages of two commonly used full factorials, and enables to estimate GMA, SMA, and their variances in a resource-efficient way. This model was extended to the Producer (Pr) and Associate (As) concept to exploit additional information based on fraction yields. It was shown that the Pr/As concept allows to characterize genotypes for their contribution to total mixture yield, and, when relating to plant traits, allows to describe biological interaction functions (BIF) in a mixed crop. Incomplete factorial designs show the potential to drastically improve genetic gain by testing an increased number of genotypes using the same amount of resources. The Pr/As concept can further be employed to maximize GMA in an informed and efficient way. The BIF of a trait can be used to optimize species ratios at harvest as well as to extend our understanding of competitive and facilitative interactions in a mixed plant community. This study provides an integrative methodological framework to promote breeding for mixed cropping.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedikt Haug
- Department of Crop Sciences, Research Institute of Organic Agriculture FiBL, Frick, Switzerland
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, CNRS, AgroParisTech, GQE – Le Moulon, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Monika M. Messmer
- Department of Crop Sciences, Research Institute of Organic Agriculture FiBL, Frick, Switzerland
| | - Jérôme Enjalbert
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, CNRS, AgroParisTech, GQE – Le Moulon, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Isabelle Goldringer
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, CNRS, AgroParisTech, GQE – Le Moulon, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Emma Forst
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari ed Ambientali (D3A), Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Timothée Flutre
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, CNRS, AgroParisTech, GQE – Le Moulon, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Tristan Mary-Huard
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, CNRS, AgroParisTech, GQE – Le Moulon, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- UMR MIA-Paris, AgroParisTech, INRA, Université Paris-Saclay, Paris, France
| | - Pierre Hohmann
- Department of Crop Sciences, Research Institute of Organic Agriculture FiBL, Frick, Switzerland
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Peng Z, Zhang Y, Yan B, Zhan Z, Chi X, Xu Y, Guo X, Cui X, Wang T, Wang S, Kang C, Wan X, Sun K, Huang L, Guo L. Diverse Intercropping Patterns Enhance the Productivity and Volatile Oil Yield of Atractylodes lancea (Thunb.) DC. Front Plant Sci 2021; 12:663730. [PMID: 34354716 PMCID: PMC8330804 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.663730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Commercial cultivation of the medicinal plant Atractylodes lancea is significantly restricted by low survival rates and reduced yields. Intercropping can reasonably coordinate interspecific interactions, effectively utilize environmental resources, and increase survival and yield. We conducted a field experiment from 2014 to 2016 to analyze the advantages and effects of intercropping on A. lancea survival, growth traits, individual volatile oil content, and total volatile oil content. In addition to A. lancea monoculture (AL), five intercropping combinations were planted: Zea mays L. (ZM) + A. lancea, Tagetes erecta L. (TE) + A. lancea, Calendula officinalis L. (CO) + A. lancea, Glycine max (Linn.) Merr. (GM) + A. lancea, and Polygonum hydropiper L. (PH) + A. lancea. The survival and average rhizome weight of A. lancea was higher in the ZM, CO, and TE treatments than in the monoculture treatment, and the average plant height was higher in all intercropping treatments than in the monoculture. The volatile oil content of A. lancea from the ZM and CO treatments was significantly improved relative to that of monoculture plants. The volatile oil harvest was higher in the ZM, CO, and TE treatments than in the monoculture. We conclude that intercropping is an effective way to increase the survival and yield of A. lancea. Furthermore, intercropping with ZM, CO, and TE increases the harvest of four volatile oils from A. lancea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Institute of Healthcare China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Nanchang, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Binbin Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhilai Zhan
- State Key Laboratory of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiulian Chi
- State Key Laboratory of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Institute of Healthcare China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Nanchang, China
| | - Xiuzhi Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xinping Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Tielin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Sheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chuanzhi Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiufu Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Kai Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Kai Sun,
| | - Luqi Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Luqi Huang,
| | - Lanping Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Lanping Guo,
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Chen G, Liang B, Bawa G, Chen H, Shi K, Hu Y, Chen P, Fan Y, Pu T, Sun X, Yong T, Liu W, Liu J, Du J, Yang F, Wang X, Yang W. Gravity Reduced Nitrogen Uptake via the Regulation of Brace Unilateral Root Growth in Maize Intercropping. Front Plant Sci 2021; 12:724909. [PMID: 34552608 PMCID: PMC8450519 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.724909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Water, nutrient, light, and interspecific facilitation regulation of soil physicochemical properties and root morphology modulate nitrogen (N) uptake in cereal and legume intercropping systems. However, maize root morphological plasticity and N uptake capability response to gravity in the intercropping system remains to be determined. In this study, maize was grown under 20 cm (I20), 40 cm (I40), and 60 cm (I60) of narrow row spacing in an intercropping system (maize-soybean strip relay intercropping) and equal row spacing of monoculture (M) in a 2-year field experiment. As a supplementary for the field experiment, maize root barrier and plant inclination experiments were conducted. Plant inclination, brace root morphology, N uptake, indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) level, IAA synthesis genes, and grain yield were assessed. The result showed that the plant inclination increased with decreasing narrow row spacing in intercropping system. Also, the brace unilateral root growth ratio (BURR) increased with increasing plant inclination in intercropping treatments. The plant inclination experiment showed the BURR achieved 94% after inclination at 45°. BURR tended to be positively correlated (p = 0.00) with plant inclination. Thus, gravity (plant inclination) causes brace unilateral root growth. The IAA concentration of stem nodes in the wide row increased with increasing plant inclination, while the IAA accumulation decreased in the narrow row. The Zmvt2 and ZM2G141383 genes (associated with IAA biosynthesis) were highly expressed in a wide row. There was a strong correlation (p = 0.03) between the IAA concentration of wide row and the BURR. Therefore, gravity regulates the IAA level, which affects BURR. In addition, the brace root number, volume, and surface area were decreased when BURR was increased. Subsequently, the leaf N, cob N, and kernel N accumulation were reduced. These organs N and grain yield in I60 were not significantly different as compared to the control treatment. The excessive brace unilateral root growth was not conducive to N uptake and increased yield. Our results suggest that gravity is essential in regulating root morphology plasticity by regulating IAA levels and decreasing N uptake capacity. Furthermore, these results indicate that plant inclination can regulate root phenotype and N uptake of maize and by adjusting the spacing of narrow maize row, we can improve the N uptake and yield of the maize-soybean strip relay-intercropping system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guopeng Chen
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System, Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu, China
| | - Bing Liang
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System, Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu, China
| | - George Bawa
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System, Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu, China
| | - Hong Chen
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System, Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu, China
| | - Kai Shi
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System, Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu, China
| | - Yun Hu
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System, Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu, China
| | - Ping Chen
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System, Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuanfang Fan
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System, Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu, China
| | - Tian Pu
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System, Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu, China
| | - Xin Sun
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System, Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu, China
| | - Taiwen Yong
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System, Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu, China
| | - Weiguo Liu
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System, Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiang Liu
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System, Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu, China
| | - Junbo Du
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System, Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu, China
| | - Feng Yang
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System, Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaochun Wang
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System, Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaochun Wang,
| | - Wenyu Yang
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System, Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu, China
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Luo C, Guo Z, Xiao J, Dong K, Dong Y. Effects of Applied Ratio of Nitrogen on the Light Environment in the Canopy and Growth, Development and Yield of Wheat When Intercropped. Front Plant Sci 2021; 12:719850. [PMID: 34490016 PMCID: PMC8417318 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.719850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Changes in the light environment have an important effect on crop growth and yield. To clarify the effects of intercropping and the application of nitrogen on the yield of wheat and light within the crop canopy, the relationship between light and yield and their response to nitrogen fertilizer were studied. In a 2-year field experiment, the characteristics of growth, light, biomass, and yield of wheat were measured using three cropping arrangements (monocropped wheat, monocropped faba beans, and intercropped wheat/faba beans) and four levels of applied nitrogen, in groups termed N0 (0 kg/ha), N1 (90 kg/ha), N2 (180 kg/ha), and N3 (270 kg/ha). The results demonstrated that the application of nitrogen fertilizer increased wheat plant height, spike leaf length and width, and the number of leaves while significantly decreasing wheat canopy light transmittance (LT) and canopy photosynthetic active radiation transmittance (PART), by 7.5-71.1 and 12.7-75.1%, respectively. There was a significantly increased canopy photosynthetic active radiation interception rate (IPAR) of 7.5-97.8% and an increase in biomass of 9.6-38.4%, of which IPAR, biomass, and yield were highest at the N2 level. Compared with monocropping, intercropping increased parameters of wheat growth to varying degrees. Intercropping decreased LT and PART by 10.8-46.4 and 15.7-58.7%, respectively, but increased IPAR by 0.1-66.0%, wheat biomass and yield by 7.5-17.4 and 27.7-47.2%, respectively. The mean yield of intercropped wheat increased by 35.8% over 2 years, while the mean land equivalent ratio (LER) was 1.36, for which a values greater than 1 indicates that wheat and faba bean intercropping is advantageous. Correlation analysis demonstrated that there was a very significant negative correlation between wheat LT and yield, while simultaneously demonstrating a very significant positive correlation between PART and IPAR with yield, indicating that the efficient interception and utilization of light energy in intercropping was the basis for the higher biomass and yield of wheat. In summary, wheat/faba bean intercropping and the application of nitrogen at 180 kg/ha were effective in increasing wheat yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaosheng Luo
- College of Resources and Environment, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Zengpeng Guo
- College of Resources and Environment, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jingxiu Xiao
- College of Resources and Environment, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Kun Dong
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- *Correspondence: Kun Dong,
| | - Yan Dong
- College of Resources and Environment, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- Yan Dong,
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126
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Bourke PM, Evers JB, Bijma P, van Apeldoorn DF, Smulders MJM, Kuyper TW, Mommer L, Bonnema G. Breeding Beyond Monoculture: Putting the "Intercrop" Into Crops. Front Plant Sci 2021; 12:734167. [PMID: 34868116 PMCID: PMC8636715 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.734167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Intercropping is both a well-established and yet novel agricultural practice, depending on one's perspective. Such perspectives are principally governed by geographic location and whether monocultural practices predominate. Given the negative environmental effects of monoculture agriculture (loss of biodiversity, reliance on non-renewable inputs, soil degradation, etc.), there has been a renewed interest in cropping systems that can reduce the impact of modern agriculture while maintaining (or even increasing) yields. Intercropping is one of the most promising practices in this regard, yet faces a multitude of challenges if it is to compete with and ultimately replace the prevailing monocultural norm. These challenges include the necessity for more complex agricultural designs in space and time, bespoke machinery, and adapted crop cultivars. Plant breeding for monocultures has focused on maximizing yield in single-species stands, leading to highly productive yet specialized genotypes. However, indications suggest that these genotypes are not the best adapted to intercropping systems. Re-designing breeding programs to accommodate inter-specific interactions and compatibilities, with potentially multiple different intercropping partners, is certainly challenging, but recent technological advances offer novel solutions. We identify a number of such technology-driven directions, either ideotype-driven (i.e., "trait-based" breeding) or quantitative genetics-driven (i.e., "product-based" breeding). For ideotype breeding, plant growth modeling can help predict plant traits that affect both inter- and intraspecific interactions and their influence on crop performance. Quantitative breeding approaches, on the other hand, estimate breeding values of component crops without necessarily understanding the underlying mechanisms. We argue that a combined approach, for example, integrating plant growth modeling with genomic-assisted selection and indirect genetic effects, may offer the best chance to bridge the gap between current monoculture breeding programs and the more integrated and diverse breeding programs of the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter M. Bourke
- Plant Breeding, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
- Peter M. Bourke,
| | - Jochem B. Evers
- Centre for Crops Systems Analysis, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Piter Bijma
- Animal Breeding and Genomics, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Dirk F. van Apeldoorn
- Farming Systems Ecology Group, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
- Field Crops, Wageningen University & Research, Lelystad, Netherlands
| | | | - Thomas W. Kuyper
- Soil Biology, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Liesje Mommer
- Plant Ecology and Nature Conservation, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Guusje Bonnema
- Plant Breeding, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
- *Correspondence: Guusje Bonnema,
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Chang-Zheng L, Liang-Yun Z, Pei-Ran L, Lei Z, Qi-Zhong C, Xiao-Lin J, Quan Y. [Effect of Polygonum multiflorum-Andrographis paniculata intercropping system on rhizosphere soil actinomycetes community structure and diversity of P. multiflorum]. Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi 2020; 45:5452-5458. [PMID: 33350205 DOI: 10.19540/j.cnki.cjcmm.20200816.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
To investigate the effect of Polygonum multiflorum-Andrographis paniculata intercropping system on rhizosphere soil actinomycetes of P. multiflorum, the community structure and diversity of soil actinomycetes were studied by using the original soil as the control group and the rhizosphere soil actinomycetes communities of P. multiflorum under monoculture and intercropping systems as the experimental group. In this study 655 221 effective sequences were obtained with an average length of 408 bp. OTU coverage and rarefaction curve showed that the sequencing could represent the real situation of soil actinomycetes. According to the results of alpha diversity analysis, the diversity soil actinomycetes varied as follows: original soil>intercropping soil>monoculture soil. The soil actinomycetes community structure and the relative abundance of dominant genera were significantly changed by both monoculture and intercropping, especially monoculture. OTU clustering and PCA analysis of soil samples showed that all the soil samples were divided into three distinct groups and the original soil was more similar to intercropping soil. In addition, intercropping increased the relative abundance of some beneficial actinomyces, such as Kitasatospora and Mycobacterium, which was beneficial to maintain soil health and reduce the occurrence of soil-borne diseases. The results show that, P. multiflorum-A. paniculata intercropping reduced the change of community structure and the decrease of diversity of soil actinomycetes caused by P. multiflorum monoculture, and made the actinomycete community in rhizosphere soil of P. multiflorum close to the original soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu Chang-Zheng
- Guangdong Provincial Research Center on Good Agricultural Practice & Comprehensive Agricultural Development Engineering Technology of Cantonese Medicinal Materials, Guangzhou Comprehensive Experimental Station Chinese Materia Medica Industry Technology System, Key Laboratory for Production & Development of Cantonese Medicinal Materials Under State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zhou Liang-Yun
- Guangdong Provincial Research Center on Good Agricultural Practice & Comprehensive Agricultural Development Engineering Technology of Cantonese Medicinal Materials, Guangzhou Comprehensive Experimental Station Chinese Materia Medica Industry Technology System, Key Laboratory for Production & Development of Cantonese Medicinal Materials Under State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Liao Pei-Ran
- Guangdong Provincial Research Center on Good Agricultural Practice & Comprehensive Agricultural Development Engineering Technology of Cantonese Medicinal Materials, Guangzhou Comprehensive Experimental Station Chinese Materia Medica Industry Technology System, Key Laboratory for Production & Development of Cantonese Medicinal Materials Under State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zhong Lei
- Guangdong Provincial Research Center on Good Agricultural Practice & Comprehensive Agricultural Development Engineering Technology of Cantonese Medicinal Materials, Guangzhou Comprehensive Experimental Station Chinese Materia Medica Industry Technology System, Key Laboratory for Production & Development of Cantonese Medicinal Materials Under State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Cai Qi-Zhong
- Guangdong Provincial Research Center on Good Agricultural Practice & Comprehensive Agricultural Development Engineering Technology of Cantonese Medicinal Materials, Guangzhou Comprehensive Experimental Station Chinese Materia Medica Industry Technology System, Key Laboratory for Production & Development of Cantonese Medicinal Materials Under State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jiang Xiao-Lin
- Guangdong Provincial Research Center on Good Agricultural Practice & Comprehensive Agricultural Development Engineering Technology of Cantonese Medicinal Materials, Guangzhou Comprehensive Experimental Station Chinese Materia Medica Industry Technology System, Key Laboratory for Production & Development of Cantonese Medicinal Materials Under State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yang Quan
- Guangdong Provincial Research Center on Good Agricultural Practice & Comprehensive Agricultural Development Engineering Technology of Cantonese Medicinal Materials, Guangzhou Comprehensive Experimental Station Chinese Materia Medica Industry Technology System, Key Laboratory for Production & Development of Cantonese Medicinal Materials Under State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University Guangzhou 510006, China
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Guo Y, Lv J, Zhao Q, Dong Y, Dong K. Cinnamic Acid Increased the Incidence of Fusarium Wilt by Increasing the Pathogenicity of Fusarium oxysporum and Reducing the Physiological and Biochemical Resistance of Faba Bean, Which Was Alleviated by Intercropping With Wheat. Front Plant Sci 2020; 11:608389. [PMID: 33381139 PMCID: PMC7767866 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.608389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Continuous cropping has resulted in the accumulation of self-toxic substances in faba beans which has restricted their global production. Intercropping is widely used to alleviate these problems. AIMS To explore the role of cinnamic acid stress in faba bean physiology and disease resistance, and the potential mitigating effects of intercropping the faba bean with wheat. METHODS Faba bean seedlings were grown with or without wheat in both field and hydroponic conditions in the presence of different cinnamic acid concentrations and Fusarium oxysporum (FOF), the occurrence of. Fusarium-mediated wilt and oxidative stress, as well as plant growth indices and the anti-pathogen defense system were analyzed. RESULTS Cinnamic acid significantly increased Fusarium pathogenicity, inhibited the activity of defense enzymes and reduced the ability of plants to resist pathogens, indicating the importance of cinnamic acid in the promotion of Fusarium wilt resulting in reduced seedling growth. Intercropping with wheat improved plant resistance by alleviating cinnamic acid-induced stress, which promoted crop growth and decreased the incidence and disease index of Fusarium wilt. CONCLUSION Cinnamic acid promotes Fusarium wilt by stimulating pathogen enzyme production and destroying the defense capability of faba bean roots. Intercropping reduces Fusarium wilt by alleviating the damage caused by cinnamic acid to the defense system of the faba bean root system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Guo
- College of Resources and Environment, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - J. Lv
- College of Resources and Environment, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Q. Zhao
- College of Resources and Environment, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Yan Dong
- College of Resources and Environment, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - K. Dong
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
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Raza A, Asghar MA, Ahmad B, Bin C, Iftikhar Hussain M, Li W, Iqbal T, Yaseen M, Shafiq I, Yi Z, Ahmad I, Yang W, Weiguo L. Agro-Techniques for Lodging Stress Management in Maize-Soybean Intercropping System-A Review. Plants (Basel) 2020; 9:E1592. [PMID: 33212960 PMCID: PMC7698466 DOI: 10.3390/plants9111592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2020] [Revised: 11/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Lodging is one of the most chronic restraints of the maize-soybean intercropping system, which causes a serious threat to agriculture development and sustainability. In the maize-soybean intercropping system, shade is a major causative agent that is triggered by the higher stem length of a maize plant. Many morphological and anatomical characteristics are involved in the lodging phenomenon, along with the chemical configuration of the stem. Due to maize shading, soybean stem evolves the shade avoidance response and resulting in the stem elongation that leads to severe lodging stress. However, the major agro-techniques that are required to explore the lodging stress in the maize-soybean intercropping system for sustainable agriculture have not been precisely elucidated yet. Therefore, the present review is tempted to compare the conceptual insights with preceding published researches and proposed the important techniques which could be applied to overcome the devastating effects of lodging. We further explored that, lodging stress management is dependent on multiple approaches such as agronomical, chemical and genetics which could be helpful to reduce the lodging threats in the maize-soybean intercropping system. Nonetheless, many queries needed to explicate the complex phenomenon of lodging. Henceforth, the agronomists, physiologists, molecular actors and breeders require further exploration to fix this challenging problem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Raza
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (A.R.); (C.B.); (W.L.); (T.I.); (I.S.); (Z.Y.); (I.A.); (W.Y.)
- Institute of Ecological Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Muhammad Ahsan Asghar
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization & Ecological Restoration Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhou 610000, China;
| | - Bushra Ahmad
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38000, Punjab, Pakistan;
| | - Cheng Bin
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (A.R.); (C.B.); (W.L.); (T.I.); (I.S.); (Z.Y.); (I.A.); (W.Y.)
- Institute of Ecological Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - M. Iftikhar Hussain
- Department of Plant Biology & Soil Science, Universidad de Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain;
| | - Wang Li
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (A.R.); (C.B.); (W.L.); (T.I.); (I.S.); (Z.Y.); (I.A.); (W.Y.)
- Institute of Ecological Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Tauseef Iqbal
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (A.R.); (C.B.); (W.L.); (T.I.); (I.S.); (Z.Y.); (I.A.); (W.Y.)
- Institute of Ecological Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Muhammad Yaseen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Institute of Rice Research, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu 625014, China;
| | - Iram Shafiq
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (A.R.); (C.B.); (W.L.); (T.I.); (I.S.); (Z.Y.); (I.A.); (W.Y.)
- Institute of Ecological Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Zhang Yi
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (A.R.); (C.B.); (W.L.); (T.I.); (I.S.); (Z.Y.); (I.A.); (W.Y.)
- Institute of Ecological Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Irshan Ahmad
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (A.R.); (C.B.); (W.L.); (T.I.); (I.S.); (Z.Y.); (I.A.); (W.Y.)
- Institute of Ecological Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Wenyu Yang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (A.R.); (C.B.); (W.L.); (T.I.); (I.S.); (Z.Y.); (I.A.); (W.Y.)
- Institute of Ecological Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Liu Weiguo
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (A.R.); (C.B.); (W.L.); (T.I.); (I.S.); (Z.Y.); (I.A.); (W.Y.)
- Institute of Ecological Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
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Yan XX, Xu YM, Wang L, Tao XY, Sun YB, Liang XF. [Effects of Intercropping of Brassica chinenesis L. and Tagetes patula L. on the Growth and Cadmium Accumulation of Plants]. Huan Jing Ke Xue 2020; 41:5151-5159. [PMID: 33124259 DOI: 10.13227/j.hjkx.202004245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A pot experiment was conducted to reveal the effects of intercropping a low-cadmium (Cd) accumulating cultivar and a Cd hyperaccumulator on the safe utilization and phytoextraction of Cd-polluted soils. Two cultivars of Brassica chinensis L. (the low-Cd accumulating cultivar Huajun, and the common cultivar Hanlü), were intercropped with four cultivars of Tagetes patula L. (Dwarf Red, Dwarf Yellow, Tall Red, and Tall Yellow). We examined the biomass, photosynthetic characteristics, and Cd accumulation in the plants and available Cd content and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) content in the soils. The results show that under the intercropping treatments, the biomass of B. chinensis decreased significantly and those of T. patula increased significantly, compared with the monoculture treatments. When intercropped with T. patula, the net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, and transpiration rate in the leaves of B. chinensis decreased significantly, compared with the monoculture treatments. When Huajun was intercropped with Dwarf Red, the shoot Cd content of Huajun significantly decreased by 14.5%, and that of Dwarf Red increased significantly by 36.5% compared with the monoculture. Under the other intercropping treatments, the shoot Cd content of B. chinensis increased significantly, or showed no significant change, and that of T. patula showed no significant change. Under the intercropping treatments, the total amount of Cd in the shoot of B. chinensis decreased significantly, and that of T. patula increased significantly, compared with the monoculture. There were no significant differences in the Cd extraction ratios between the intercropping treatments and the monoculture of T. patula. The shoot Cd content of B. chinensis was significantly correlated with soil available Cd content and DOC content (P<0.01 and P<0.05, respectively). In conclusion, the intercropping treatment of Huajun and Dwarf Red significantly reduced shoot Cd content in B. chinensis and increased that in T. patula, and it did not affect the Cd extraction ratio. This is suitable for the safe utilization and phytoextraction of Cd-polluted soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiu-Xiu Yan
- Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin 300191, China
- Key Laboratory of Original Agro-Environmental Pollution Prevention and Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin 300191, China
| | - Ying-Ming Xu
- Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin 300191, China
- Key Laboratory of Original Agro-Environmental Pollution Prevention and Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin 300191, China
| | - Lin Wang
- Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin 300191, China
- Key Laboratory of Original Agro-Environmental Pollution Prevention and Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin 300191, China
| | - Xue-Ying Tao
- Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin 300191, China
- Key Laboratory of Original Agro-Environmental Pollution Prevention and Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin 300191, China
| | - Yue-Bing Sun
- Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin 300191, China
- Key Laboratory of Original Agro-Environmental Pollution Prevention and Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin 300191, China
| | - Xue-Feng Liang
- Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin 300191, China
- Key Laboratory of Original Agro-Environmental Pollution Prevention and Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin 300191, China
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Guo XZ, Peng Z, Wang TL, Jiang DQ, Wang HY, DU YX, Sun K, Zhang Y, Guo LP. [Research progress in effects of interspecific interaction on medicinal plants in intercropping system]. Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi 2020; 45:2017-2022. [PMID: 32495547 DOI: 10.19540/j.cnki.cjcmm.20200302.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Intercropping farming system is one of the essence of traditional agriculture in China and one of the most common and basic patterns of modern ecological planting. Intercropping system uses the principle of species diversity to create reasonable interspecific interaction conditions with obvious productivity advantages. In this paper, the interspecies interaction is divided into aboveground and underground parts from the space view, and its influence and mechanism on the yield and secondary metabolites of medicinal plants are elaborated.The interspecific interaction in the aboveground part mainly introduces the distribution and utilization of space resources among plants. The interspecific interaction in the underground part mainly introduces the soil rhizosphere effect and related mediating factors, root exudates, soil microorganisms, root space structure and soil environmental factors. On the basis of understanding the mechanism of interspecific interaction, this paper further discusses the application of intercropping in traditional Chinese medicine ecological agriculture, taking the effective control of diseases and insect pests, the increase of medicinal material yield and the improvement of medicinal material quality as the benefit index, so as to seek better advantages of intercropping and provide ideas for the utilization of intercropping production mode in traditional Chinese medicine ecological agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiu-Zhi Guo
- National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Material Sciences Beijing 100700, China
| | - Zheng Peng
- National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Material Sciences Beijing 100700, China Hubei University of Chinese Medicine Wuhan 430065, China
| | - Tie-Lin Wang
- National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Material Sciences Beijing 100700, China
| | - Dai-Quan Jiang
- National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Material Sciences Beijing 100700, China
| | - Hong-Yang Wang
- National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Material Sciences Beijing 100700, China Hubei University of Chinese Medicine Wuhan 430065, China
| | - Yong-Xi DU
- National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Material Sciences Beijing 100700, China Guangdong Pharmaceutical University Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Kai Sun
- National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Material Sciences Beijing 100700, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Material Sciences Beijing 100700, China
| | - Lan-Ping Guo
- National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Material Sciences Beijing 100700, China
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132
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Lin F, Liu XJ, Tong CC, Wu Y. [Characteristics of light energy utilization of intercropping alfalfa/gramineae forage based on yield effect]. Ying Yong Sheng Tai Xue Bao 2020; 31:2963-2976. [PMID: 33345497 DOI: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.202009.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Based on field experiments in 2017-2019, we examined the characteristics, yield effect and regulatory mechanism of light energy utilization in alfalfa/gramineous forage grass intercropping. With monoculture of alfalfa, forage triticale (C3 plant), and forage maize (C4 plant) as control, we measured the yield effect, the effect of light energy utilization factor on yield formation, the characteristic difference and mechanism of light energy utilization under alfalfa/triticale and alfalfa/maize intercropping patterns. Results showed that land equivalent ratios of both intercropping patterns were all greater than 1, indicating that land utilization ratio and yield benefit of the two intercropping patterns were higher than that of monoculture, among which alfalfa/triticale intercropping pattern was the most promising one. The contribution of light energy utilization factors to yield was following an order of leaf area index (1.531) > net photosynthetic rate (0.882) > intercellular CO2 concentration (0.282) > transpiration rate (-0.229) > canopy opening (-0.291) > PAR interception rate (-0.681) > stomatal conductance (-0.751). Among them, leaf area index was not only one of the important indices to characterize photosynthetic capacity, but also an important component factor of forage crop yield aiming at harvesting nutrients. Therefore, among all factors of photosynthetic characteristics, net photosynthetic rate was the main factor affecting yield. The net photosynthetic rate of alfalfa, triticale and maize under intercropping showed the same pattern, and being different from that of monoculture. The main ways for intercropping to increase net photosynthetic rate included: triticale and maize increased net photosynthetic rate and yield by enhancing the carboxylation fixation capacity of CO2 and the utilization capacity of strong light, while alfalfa could improve its net photosynthetic rate and promote growth under low light, by increasing the content of chlorophyll b in functional leaves, changing chlorophyll composition and enhancing the collection and transmission of light energy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Lin
- Pratacultural College, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China.,School of Life Science and Technology, Xinxiang University, Xinxiang 453000, Henan, China
| | - Xiao-Jing Liu
- Pratacultural College, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Chang-Chun Tong
- Pratacultural College, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Yong Wu
- Pratacultural College, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
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133
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Braghiere RK, Gérard F, Evers JB, Pradal C, Pagès L. Simulating the effects of water limitation on plant biomass using a 3D functional-structural plant model of shoot and root driven by soil hydraulics. Ann Bot 2020; 126:713-728. [PMID: 32249296 PMCID: PMC7489072 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcaa059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Improved modelling of carbon assimilation and plant growth to low soil moisture requires evaluation of underlying mechanisms in the soil, roots, and shoots. The feedback between plants and their local environment throughout the whole spectrum soil-root-shoot-environment is crucial to accurately describe and evaluate the impact of environmental changes on plant development. This study presents a 3D functional structural plant model, in which shoot and root growth are driven by radiative transfer, photosynthesis, and soil hydrodynamics through different parameterisation schemes relating soil water deficit and carbon assimilation. The new coupled model is used to evaluate the impact of soil moisture availability on plant productivity for two different groups of flowering plants under different spatial configurations. METHODS In order to address different aspects of plant development due to limited soil water availability, a 3D FSP model including root, shoot, and soil was constructed by linking three different well-stablished models of airborne plant, root architecture, and reactive transport in the soil. Different parameterisation schemes were used in order to integrate photosynthetic rate with root water uptake within the coupled model. The behaviour of the model was assessed on how the growth of two different types of plants, i.e. monocot and dicot, is impacted by soil water deficit under different competitive conditions: isolated (no competition), intra, and interspecific competition. KEY RESULTS The model proved to be capable of simulating carbon assimilation and plant development under different growing settings including isolated monocots and dicots, intra, and interspecific competition. The model predicted that (1) soil water availability has a larger impact on photosynthesis than on carbon allocation; (2) soil water deficit has an impact on root and shoot biomass production by up to 90 % for monocots and 50 % for dicots; and (3) the improved dicot biomass production in interspecific competition was highly related to root depth and plant transpiration. CONCLUSIONS An integrated model of 3D shoot architecture and biomass development with a 3D root system representation, including light limitation and water uptake considering soil hydraulics, was presented. Plant-plant competition and regulation on stomatal conductance to drought were able to be predicted by the model. In the cases evaluated here, water limitation impacted plant growth almost 10 times more than the light environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renato K Braghiere
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
- Joint Institute for Regional Earth System Science and Engineering, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Eco&Sols, Univ. Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAE, IRD, SupAgro, Montpellier, France
| | - Frédéric Gérard
- Eco&Sols, Univ. Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAE, IRD, SupAgro, Montpellier, France
| | - Jochem B Evers
- Centre for Crop Systems Analysis (CSA), Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Christophe Pradal
- CIRAD, UMR AGAP, Montpellier, France
- AGAP, Univ. Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAE, SupAgro, Montpellier, France
- INRIA, Univ. Montpellier, France
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134
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Solanki MK, Wang Z, Wang FY, Li CN, Gupta CL, Singh RK, Malviya MK, Singh P, Yang LT, Li YR. Assessment of Diazotrophic Proteobacteria in Sugarcane Rhizosphere When Intercropped With Legumes (Peanut and Soybean) in the Field. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:1814. [PMID: 32849421 PMCID: PMC7412970 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.01814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Several factors influenced the sugarcane production, and among them, higher use of nitrogen and depletion of soil nutrient constitutes a significant concern in China. Sugarcane-legume intercropping may help to regulate the microbial structure and functions. In the present study, sugarcane rhizosphere soils of three cropping systems: Sugarcane only (S-only), sugarcane with peanut (S + P), and sugarcane + soybean (S + S) were sampled in tillering, elongation, and maturation stages from two different experimental fields. High-throughput sequencing technologies applied to assess the effects of different cropping systems on the structure of nitrogenase (nifH) gene communities. A total of 3818 OTUs (operational taxonomic units) were acquired from all soil samples. Intercropping systems noticeably increased the relative abundance of Proteobacteria in the tillering stage. The increased microbial diversity in the rhizosphere was mainly due to soil organic carbon and total soil N. In contrast, intercropping has no significant negative impact on microbial abundance, but sugarcane growth stages influence it significantly, and two bacteria (Bradyrhizobium and Pseudacidovorax) showed significant shift during plant growth. The results provide insight into the microbial structure of Proteobacteria in the sugarcane legume-intercropping field, and how microbial community behaves in different growth stages. It can boost the microbial activity of the soil, and that could be a new strategy to stimulate soil fertility without causing any negative impact on crop production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoj Kumar Solanki
- Guangxi Crop Genetic Improvement and Biotechnology Lab, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, China.,Department of Food Quality & Safety, The Volcani Center, Institute for Post-harvest and Food Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - Zhen Wang
- Guangxi Crop Genetic Improvement and Biotechnology Lab, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, China.,College of Biology and Pharmacy, Yulin Normal University, Yulin, China
| | - Fei-Yong Wang
- Guangxi Crop Genetic Improvement and Biotechnology Lab, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, China.,State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Agricultural College, Guangxi University, Nanning, China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement, Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biotechnology and Genetic Improvement (Guangxi), Ministry of Agriculture, Sugarcane Research Institute of Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Sugarcane Research Center of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, China
| | - Chang-Ning Li
- Guangxi Crop Genetic Improvement and Biotechnology Lab, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement, Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biotechnology and Genetic Improvement (Guangxi), Ministry of Agriculture, Sugarcane Research Institute of Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Sugarcane Research Center of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, China
| | - Chhedi Lal Gupta
- The Volcani Center, Institute of Soil, Water and Environmental Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - Rajesh Kumar Singh
- Guangxi Crop Genetic Improvement and Biotechnology Lab, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, China
| | - Mukesh Kumar Malviya
- Guangxi Crop Genetic Improvement and Biotechnology Lab, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, China
| | - Pratiksha Singh
- Guangxi Crop Genetic Improvement and Biotechnology Lab, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, China
| | - Li-Tao Yang
- College of Biology and Pharmacy, Yulin Normal University, Yulin, China
| | - Yang-Rui Li
- Guangxi Crop Genetic Improvement and Biotechnology Lab, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, China.,Department of Food Quality & Safety, The Volcani Center, Institute for Post-harvest and Food Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, Rishon LeZion, Israel
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Zhang H, Yang Y, Mei X, Li Y, Wu J, Li Y, Wang H, Huang H, Yang M, He X, Zhu S, Liu Y. Phenolic Acids Released in Maize Rhizosphere During Maize-Soybean Intercropping Inhibit Phytophthora Blight of Soybean. Front Plant Sci 2020; 11:886. [PMID: 32849668 PMCID: PMC7399372 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Interspecies interactions play a key role in soil-borne disease suppression in intercropping systems. However, there are limited data on the underlying mechanisms of soil-borne Phytophthora disease suppression. Here, a field experiment confirmed the effects of maize and soybean intercropping on Phytophthora blight of soybean caused by Phytophthora sojae. Experimentally, the roots and root exudates of maize were found to attract P. sojae zoospores and inhibit their motility and the germination of cystospores. Furthermore, five phenolic acids (p-coumaric acid, cinnamic acid, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, vanillic acid, and ferulic acid) that were consistently identified in the root exudates and rhizosphere soil of maize were found to interfere with the infection behavior of P. sojae. Among them, cinnamic acid was associated with significant chemotaxis in zoospores, and p-coumaric acid and cinnamic acid showed strong antimicrobial activity against P. sojae. However, in the rhizosphere soil of soybean, only p-hydroxybenzoic acid, low concentrations of vanillic acid, and ferulic acid were identified. Importantly, the coexistence of five phenolic acids in the maize rhizosphere compared with three phenolic acids in the soybean rhizosphere showed strong synergistic antimicrobial activity against the infection behavior of P. sojae. In summary, the types and concentrations of phenolic acids in maize and soybean rhizosphere soils were found to be crucial factors for Phytophthora disease suppression in this intercropping system.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- Key Laboratory for Agro-Biodiversity and Pest Control of Ministry of Education, College of Plant Protection, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Yuxin Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- Key Laboratory for Agro-Biodiversity and Pest Control of Ministry of Education, College of Plant Protection, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Xinyue Mei
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- Key Laboratory for Agro-Biodiversity and Pest Control of Ministry of Education, College of Plant Protection, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- China France Plantomix Joint Laboratory, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Ying Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- Key Laboratory for Agro-Biodiversity and Pest Control of Ministry of Education, College of Plant Protection, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Jiaqing Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- Key Laboratory for Agro-Biodiversity and Pest Control of Ministry of Education, College of Plant Protection, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Yiwen Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- Key Laboratory for Agro-Biodiversity and Pest Control of Ministry of Education, College of Plant Protection, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Huiling Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- Key Laboratory for Agro-Biodiversity and Pest Control of Ministry of Education, College of Plant Protection, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Huichuan Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- Key Laboratory for Agro-Biodiversity and Pest Control of Ministry of Education, College of Plant Protection, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- China France Plantomix Joint Laboratory, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Min Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- Key Laboratory for Agro-Biodiversity and Pest Control of Ministry of Education, College of Plant Protection, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- China France Plantomix Joint Laboratory, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Xiahong He
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- Key Laboratory for Agro-Biodiversity and Pest Control of Ministry of Education, College of Plant Protection, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- China France Plantomix Joint Laboratory, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Shusheng Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- Key Laboratory for Agro-Biodiversity and Pest Control of Ministry of Education, College of Plant Protection, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- China France Plantomix Joint Laboratory, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Yixiang Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- Key Laboratory for Agro-Biodiversity and Pest Control of Ministry of Education, College of Plant Protection, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- China France Plantomix Joint Laboratory, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
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136
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Moss C, Lukac M, Harris F, Outhwaite CL, Scheelbeek PFD, Green R, Berstein FM, Dangour AD. The effects of crop diversity and crop type on biological diversity in agricultural landscapes: a systematic review protocol. Wellcome Open Res 2020; 4:101. [PMID: 32509965 PMCID: PMC7241271 DOI: 10.12688/wellcomeopenres.15343.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Agricultural intensification is a well-known driver of biodiversity loss. Crop diversity and its changes over space and time drive land use intensity and impact biodiversity of agricultural landscapes, while meeting the growing demand for human food and nutrition resources. Loss of biodiversity in agricultural landscapes reduces primary productivity and soil health and erodes a range of other ecosystem services. At present, while having partial understanding of many processes, we lack a general synthesis of our knowledge of the links between crop diversity and biodiversity. We will therefore conduct a systematic review by searching multiple agriculture, ecology and environmental science databases (e.g. Web of Science, Geobase, Agris, AGRICOLA, GreenFILE) to identify studies reporting the impacts of crop diversity and crop type on the biological diversity of fauna and flora in agricultural landscapes. Response variables will include metrics of species richness, abundance, assemblage, community composition and species rarity. Screening, data coding and data extraction will be carried out by one researcher and a subset will be independently carried out by a second researcher for quality control. Study quality and risk of bias will be assessed. Evidence will first be mapped to species/taxa then assessed for further narrative or statistical synthesis based on comparability of results and likely robustness. Gaps in the evidence base will also be identified with a view toward future research and policy directions for nutrition, food systems and ecology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cami Moss
- Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, WC1E 7HT, UK.,Centre on Climate Change and Planetary Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, WC1E 7HT, UK
| | - Martin Lukac
- School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, University of Reading, Reading, RG6 6AR, UK
| | - Francesca Harris
- Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, WC1E 7HT, UK.,Centre on Climate Change and Planetary Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, WC1E 7HT, UK
| | - Charlotte L Outhwaite
- Centre for Biodiversity and Environment Research, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Pauline F D Scheelbeek
- Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, WC1E 7HT, UK.,Centre on Climate Change and Planetary Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, WC1E 7HT, UK
| | - Rosemary Green
- Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, WC1E 7HT, UK.,Centre on Climate Change and Planetary Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, WC1E 7HT, UK
| | - Fernanda Morales Berstein
- Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, WC1E 7HT, UK
| | - Alan D Dangour
- Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, WC1E 7HT, UK.,Centre on Climate Change and Planetary Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, WC1E 7HT, UK
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137
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Ma YJ, Deng HF, Xu CQ. [Effects of three intercropping species on growth, nutrition absorption, and fruit quality of oriental melon]. Ying Yong Sheng Tai Xue Bao 2020; 31:1130-1138. [PMID: 32530187 DOI: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.202004.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
To explore the effects of different intercropping species on growth, nutrition absorption, and fruit quality of oriental melon, we examined plant height, stem diameter, root activity, contents of mineral elements (N, P, K, Ca and Mg), and fruit quality and yield of oriental melon under the oriental melon monoculture (MM), intercropping of fennel/oriental melon (FM), tillered-onion/oriental melon (TM), or wormwood/oriental melon (WM). Results showed that plant height of intercropping treatments was significantly higher than that of the monoculture over time. The stem diameter of the FM and TM treatments was significantly higher than that of the MM treatment, while there was no significant difference between the WM and MM treatments. At the stretch tendril stage, fruit setting stage, and fruit expanding stage, root activity of FM treatment was significantly higher than that of MM and TM treatments. The mine-ral elements contents of oriental melon plants in three intercropping treatments were higher than that in MM treatment in different degrees, with the mine-ral elements contents of FM treatment being higher than that of TM and WM treatments. The single fruit weights of FM and TM treatments did not differ from the MM treatment. The fruit quality indices of FM treatment were not lower than MM treatment, while some fruit quality indices (including the contents of glucose, fructose, and sucrose) of WM and TM treatments were lower than that under MM treatment. In summary, fennel was a suitable species for intercropping with the oriental melon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Jie Ma
- Department of Publication, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Hai-Feng Deng
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University/ Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture, Ministry of Education/ Collaborative Innovation Center of Protected Vegetable Surround Bohai Gulf Region/ National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Northern Horticultural Facilities Design & Application Technology, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Chuan-Qiang Xu
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University/ Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture, Ministry of Education/ Collaborative Innovation Center of Protected Vegetable Surround Bohai Gulf Region/ National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Northern Horticultural Facilities Design & Application Technology, Shenyang 110866, China
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138
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Li N, Gao D, Zhou X, Chen S, Li C, Wu F. Intercropping with Potato-Onion Enhanced the Soil Microbial Diversity of Tomato. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8060834. [PMID: 32498315 PMCID: PMC7357159 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8060834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Intercropping can achieve sustainable agricultural development by increasing plant diversity. In this study, we investigated the effects of tomato monoculture and tomato/potato-onion intercropping systems on tomato seedling growth and changes of soil microbial communities in greenhouse conditions. Results showed that the intercropping with potato-onion increased tomato seedling biomass. Compared with monoculture system, the alpha diversity of soil bacterial and fungal communities, beta diversity and abundance of bacterial community were increased in the intercropping system. Nevertheless, the beta-diversity and abundance of fungal community had no difference between the intercropping and monoculture systems. The relative abundances of some taxa (i.e., Acidobacteria-Subgroup-6, Arthrobacter, Bacillus, Pseudomonas) and several OTUs with the potential to promote plant growth were increased, while the relative abundances of some potential plant pathogens (i.e., Cladosporium) were decreased in the intercropping system. Redundancy analysis indicated that bacterial community structure was significantly influenced by soil organic carbon and pH, the fungal community structure was related to changes in soil organic carbon and available phosphorus. Overall, our results suggested that the tomato/potato-onion intercropping system altered soil microbial communities and improved the soil environment, which may be the main factor in promoting tomato growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naihui Li
- Department of Horticulture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (N.L.); (D.G.); (X.Z.); (S.C.); (C.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Cold Area Vegetable Biology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Danmei Gao
- Department of Horticulture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (N.L.); (D.G.); (X.Z.); (S.C.); (C.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Cold Area Vegetable Biology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Xingang Zhou
- Department of Horticulture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (N.L.); (D.G.); (X.Z.); (S.C.); (C.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Cold Area Vegetable Biology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Shaocan Chen
- Department of Horticulture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (N.L.); (D.G.); (X.Z.); (S.C.); (C.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Cold Area Vegetable Biology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Chunxia Li
- Department of Horticulture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (N.L.); (D.G.); (X.Z.); (S.C.); (C.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Cold Area Vegetable Biology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Fengzhi Wu
- Department of Horticulture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (N.L.); (D.G.); (X.Z.); (S.C.); (C.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Cold Area Vegetable Biology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-451-55190215
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139
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Wu C, Huan Y, Yang L, Lin L, Liao M, Wang J, Wang Z, Liang D, Xia H, Tang Y, Lv X, Wang X. Effects of intercropping with two Solanum species on the growth and cadmium accumulation of Cyphomandra betacea seedlings. Int J Phytoremediation 2020; 22:1242-1248. [PMID: 32393060 DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2020.1759505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The contamination of orchard by cadmium (Cd) has recently increased in severity. To decrease the Cd content in fruit tree, a pot-based experiment was conducted to study the effects of intercropping with two Solanum species (Solanum alatum and Solanum diphyllum) on the growth and Cd accumulation of Cyphomandra betacea seedlings. The data revealed that intercropping with two Solanum species significantly increased the biomass, photosynthetic pigment contents, antioxidant enzyme activities, and soluble protein contents of C. betacea seedlings under Cd stress condition. The intercropping significantly decreased the Cd content in C. betacea seedlings. However, the intercropping significantly decreased the S. alatum and S. diphyllum biomasses, while increased the Cd content and accumulation in the roots and shoots of two Solanum species, and the Cd uptake by S. alatum was lower than that of S. diphyllum. Therefore, intercropping with these two Solanum species, especially S. diphyllum, may promote the growth and decrease the Cd content in C. betacea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caifang Wu
- Institute of Pomology and Olericulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yunmin Huan
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Liu Yang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lijin Lin
- Institute of Pomology and Olericulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ming'an Liao
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jin Wang
- Institute of Pomology and Olericulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhihui Wang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Dong Liang
- Institute of Pomology and Olericulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hui Xia
- Institute of Pomology and Olericulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yi Tang
- Institute of Pomology and Olericulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiulan Lv
- Institute of Pomology and Olericulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xun Wang
- Institute of Pomology and Olericulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
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140
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Affiliation(s)
- Ragan M Callaway
- Division of Biological Sciences and Institute on Ecosystems, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, 59812, USA
| | - Long Li
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
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141
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Wan J, Bao H, Peng W, An L, Jiang Q, Yang J, Zhu C. [Effects of intercropping on cadmium uptake by maize and tomato]. Sheng Wu Gong Cheng Xue Bao 2020; 36:518-528. [PMID: 32237545 DOI: 10.13345/j.cjb.190116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In order to explore the effect of intercropping on the uptake of heavy metal cadmium (Cd), pot experiments were undertaken using three different planting methods: monoculture, restrictive intercropping and intercropping. The effects of Cd accumulation in different plant parts, and their causes, were examined using a plant species regarded as a relatively high heavy metal accumulator (tomato: Lycopersicon esculentum var. Zhongshu 4) and a species regarded as a relatively low heavy metal accumulator (maize: Zea mays L. var. Jinzhumi). Cd levels for all experiments were 3.70 mg/kg. Results indicate that restricted intercropping and intercropping of tomato and maize increased the accumulation of Cd (from 13.52 mg/kg to 24.94 mg/kg and 27.30 mg/kg in tomato leaf, respectively). Compared with the control group, pH levels in soil surrounding tomato roots in the intercropped samples decreased and the activity of acid phosphatase increased, while the activity of urease decreased. Intercropping can also change the structure of the crop root microorganism population, increase the abundance of microbiological species that promote the uptake of heavy metals, and finally achieve high accumulation of Cd in tomatoes. Our research results provide reference for controlling soil heavy metal pollution and ensuring food safety by using an intercropping model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayue Wan
- Key Laboratory of Marine Food Quality and Hazard Controlling Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang , Hangzhou 310018, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hexigeduleng Bao
- Key Laboratory of Marine Food Quality and Hazard Controlling Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang , Hangzhou 310018, Zhejiang, China
| | - Weihua Peng
- Key Laboratory of Marine Food Quality and Hazard Controlling Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang , Hangzhou 310018, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lingyao An
- Key Laboratory of Marine Food Quality and Hazard Controlling Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang , Hangzhou 310018, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qiong Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Food Quality and Hazard Controlling Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang , Hangzhou 310018, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jiamin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Food Quality and Hazard Controlling Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang , Hangzhou 310018, Zhejiang, China
| | - Cheng Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Food Quality and Hazard Controlling Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang , Hangzhou 310018, Zhejiang, China
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142
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Castellano-Hinojosa A, Strauss SL. Impact of Cover Crops on the Soil Microbiome of Tree Crops. Microorganisms 2020; 8:E328. [PMID: 32110988 PMCID: PMC7143828 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8030328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Increased concerns associated with interactions between herbicides, inorganic fertilizers, soil nutrient availability, and plant phytotoxicity in perennial tree crop production systems have renewed interest in the use of cover crops in the inter-row middles or between trees as an alternative sustainable management strategy for these systems. Although interactions between the soil microbiome and cover crops have been examined for annual cropping systems, there are critical differences in management and growth in perennial cropping systems that can influence the soil microbiome and, therefore, the response to cover crops. Here, we discuss the importance of cover crops in tree cropping systems using multispecies cover crop mixtures and minimum tillage and no-tillage to not only enhance the soil microbiome but also carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus cycling compared to monocropping, conventional tillage, and inorganic fertilization. We also identify potentially important taxa and research gaps that need to be addressed to facilitate assessments of the relationships between cover crops, soil microbes, and the health of tree crops. Additional evaluations of the interactions between the soil microbiome, cover crops, nutrient cycling, and tree performance will allow for more effective and sustainable management of perennial cropping systems.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sarah L. Strauss
- Department of Soil and Water Sciences, Southwest Florida Research and Education Center, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Immokalee, FL 34142, USA;
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143
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Guilbaud CSE, Khudr MS. Disturbance and competition drive diversity effects in cabbage-aphid-onion systems with intra-specific genetic variation. Bull Entomol Res 2020; 110:123-135. [PMID: 31190661 DOI: 10.1017/s0007485319000373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Decreased reliance on pesticides can be achieved through a clever use of eco-evolutionary knowledge via intercropping economically valuable crops with companion plants that can hamper pest outbreaks. We created a greenhouse multi-layered microcosm system to test two potato peach aphid clones, performing alone or in competition, on mixes of genetically variable cultivars of cabbage, with and without onion. The onion acted as a nuisance/disturbance for the pest, which was generally for the benefit of the cabbage albeit both plants sharing space and nutrients. The onion effect was context-specific and differed by aphid genotype. Onion variable nuisance negatively affected the numbers of one aphid genotype (green) across all contexts, while the other genotype (pink) numbers were decreased in two contexts only. However, the green performed better than the pink on all cases of cabbage di-mixes despite its numbers being capped when the onion was present. Further, there was also a general aphid propensity to wander off the plant along with a differential production of winged morphs to escape the onion-affected environments. Moreover, through a comparative increase in dry mass, which was subject to onion and aphid effects, a diversity effect was found where the cabbages of fully genetically variable microcosms sustained similar final dry mass compared with non-infested microcosms. Our findings provide fresh insights into the use of multi-layered contextual designs that not only allow disentangling the relative effects of genetic variation and modes of interaction, but also help integrate their benefits into pest management in view of companion planting.
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Affiliation(s)
- C S E Guilbaud
- Institut für Biologie, Freie Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise-Straße 1-3, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - M S Khudr
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Michael Smith Building, M13 9PT, Manchester, UK
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144
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Zhang XM, Lövei GL, Ferrante M, Yang NW, Wan FH. The potential of trap and barrier cropping to decrease densities of the whitefly Bemisia tabaci MED on cotton in China. Pest Manag Sci 2020; 76:366-374. [PMID: 31219649 DOI: 10.1002/ps.5524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2019] [Revised: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) MED, is a destructive insect pest in many countries of the world. Although the use of insecticides for controlling B. tabaci has been effective to a certain extent, pesticides are not an acceptable long-term control method, and alternatives should be sought. This paper focuses on the possibility of controlling B. tabaci on cotton using trap and barrier crops. We performed field experiments using cantaloupe (Cucumis melo) and sunflower (Helianthus annuus) as trap crops, and maize (Zea mays) as a barrier crop in various configurations in Hebei Province, North China. RESULTS The main activity periods were shortest on cantaloupe and ranged between 16-32 days for immatures and 14-33 days for adults. Adult whitefly densities were not significantly reduced by any treatment. During the main activity period, maize intercropping reduced densities of immature whiteflies from 24.2 individuals (ind.) 100 cm-2 to 4.0 ind.100 cm-2 , but all treatments were successful in significantly reducing immature B. tabaci densities. This resulted in a significant yield premium. CONCLUSIONS Intercropping reduced B. tabaci densities on cotton more than perimeter planting. Maize was more effective to reduce densities of immature whiteflies on cotton than cantaloupe. The results will contribute to the development of more effective and practical approaches for protecting cotton from B. tabaci and lowering chemical pressure on this crop. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Ming Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, College of Plant Protection, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Gabor L Lövei
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Agroecology, Flakkebjerg Research Centre, Aarhus University, Slagelse, Denmark
| | - Marco Ferrante
- Department of Agroecology, Flakkebjerg Research Centre, Aarhus University, Slagelse, Denmark
- Mitrani Departments of Desert Ecology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Midreshet Ben Gurion, Israel
| | - Nian-Wan Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fang-Hao Wan
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
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Chen LL, Yuan P, Pozsgai G, Chen P, Zhu H, You MS. The impact of cover crops on the predatory mite Anystis baccarum (Acari, Anystidae) and the leafhopper pest Empoasca onukii (Hemiptera, Cicadellidae) in a tea plantation. Pest Manag Sci 2019; 75:3371-3380. [PMID: 31095875 DOI: 10.1002/ps.5489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Revised: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Empoasca onukii, the tea green leafhopper, is a key pest of tea whose control often requires the extensive use of insecticides. As a predator of the tea green leafhopper, the mite Anystis baccarum is a potential biological control agent worldwide, though little is known about how intercropping cover crops can impact its suppressing effect on E. onukii. Therefore, we conducted a field experiment to investigate how the relationship of the abundance of the predatory mite and its leafhopper prey is influenced by two different cover crops and a manually weeded inter-row treatment as a contrast to naturally growing vegetation in a tea plantation in China. RESULTS The abundance of A. baccarum was significantly higher in tea canopies of intercropped treatments than in canopies over natural ground cover. Litter samples showed higher abundances of A. baccarum when tea was intercropped with Paspalum notatum than with natural ground cover in the first year of treatment. The abundance of E. onukii in tea canopies was higher over the bare ground treatment in the first year but the opposite was observed in the second year. CONCLUSIONS Results suggest that the abundance of A. baccarum in a tea plantation is influenced by intercropping and it can affect its leafhopper prey, albeit with varying levels of suppression. For informing biological control and suppression of pests, long-term experiments are needed to investigate the interactions of both pest and predator with cover crop treatments. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Lin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Pei Yuan
- LAMPS, Department of Mathematics and Statistics, York University, Toronto, Canada
| | - Gabor Pozsgai
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Ping Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Huaiping Zhu
- LAMPS, Department of Mathematics and Statistics, York University, Toronto, Canada
| | - Min-Sheng You
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
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146
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Yang J, Zhang T, Wang Y, Zhang R, Li H. Intercropped relationship change the developmental pattern of apple and white clover. Bioengineered 2019; 10:218-228. [PMID: 31138017 PMCID: PMC6592361 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2019.1621137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Revised: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Intercropping can introduce greater plant diversity and functional complementarity in an arable crop system but inter- and intracompetition can between intercropped crops. The rhizo-box was established of apple-white clover intercropped system to examine the competitive relationship between intercropped crops on the Loess Plateau. The results showed that the competitive relationship between intercropped crops was dynamic and changed with the crop competitiveness. Crop competitiveness was characterized by root development, although intercropping inhibited the development and nutrient accumulation aboveground of apple trunks and branches, intercropped apples still maintained a larger root system than under monoculture and the root morphology of intercropped apples changed significantly. White clover had lower competitiveness than apple at the beginning of the year, which was reflected in the inhibited development in May. However in July and October, intercropped white clover had more biomass and nutrient accumulation than under monoculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianfeng Yang
- College of Natural Resources and environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Tairan Zhang
- College of Natural Resources and environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yuanji Wang
- College of Natural Resources and environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Rongqin Zhang
- College of Natural Resources and environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Huike Li
- College of Natural Resources and environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and the Agro-Environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, China
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147
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Peñalver-Cruz A, Alvarez-Baca JK, Alfaro-Tapia A, Gontijo L, Lavandero B. Manipulation of Agricultural Habitats to Improve Conservation Biological Control in South America. Neotrop Entomol 2019; 48:875-898. [PMID: 31713220 DOI: 10.1007/s13744-019-00725-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Stable and diversified agroecosystems provide farmers with important ecosystem services, which are unfortunately being lost at an alarming rate under the current conventional agriculture framework. Nevertheless, this concern can be tackled by using ecological intensification as an alternative strategy to recuperate ecosystem services (e.g., biological control of pests). To this end, the manipulation of agricultural habitats to enhance natural enemy conservation has been widely explored and reported in Western Europe and North America, whereas in other parts of the world, the investigation of such topic is lagging behind (e.g., South America). In this forum, we gathered published and unpublished information on the different ecological habitat management strategies that have been implemented in South America and their effects on pest control. Additionally, we identify the various challenges and analyze the outlook for the science of conservation biological control in South America. More specifically, we reviewed how different agricultural practices and habitat manipulation in South America have influenced pest management through natural enemy conservation. The main habitat manipulations reported include plant diversification (intercropping, insectary plants, agroforestry), conservation and management of non-crop vegetation, and application of artificial foods. Overall, we noticed that there is a significant discrepancy in the amount of research on conservation biological control among South American countries, and we found that, although intercropping, polycultures, and crop rotation have been reported in agroecosystems since pre-Inca times, more systematic studies are required to evaluate the true effects of habitat management to implement conservation biological control for pest control in South America.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Peñalver-Cruz
- Lab de Control Biológico, Instituto de Ciencias Biológicas, Univ de Talca, Avenida Lircay s/n, 3460000, Talca, Chile.
| | - J K Alvarez-Baca
- Lab de Control Biológico, Instituto de Ciencias Biológicas, Univ de Talca, Avenida Lircay s/n, 3460000, Talca, Chile
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Agrarias, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Univ de Talca, Talca, Chile
- UMR-CNRS 6553 ECOBIO (Écosystèmes, Biodiversité, Évolution), Univ de Rennes 1 (UNIR), Rennes, France
| | - A Alfaro-Tapia
- Lab de Control Biológico, Instituto de Ciencias Biológicas, Univ de Talca, Avenida Lircay s/n, 3460000, Talca, Chile
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Agrarias, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Univ de Talca, Talca, Chile
- UMR-CNRS 6553 ECOBIO (Écosystèmes, Biodiversité, Évolution), Univ de Rennes 1 (UNIR), Rennes, France
| | - L Gontijo
- Dept of Management and Conservation of Natural and Agricultural Ecosystems, Univ Federal de Viçosa, Campus Florestal, Viçosa, Brasil
| | - B Lavandero
- Lab de Control Biológico, Instituto de Ciencias Biológicas, Univ de Talca, Avenida Lircay s/n, 3460000, Talca, Chile.
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148
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You J, Ni JP, Huang R, Zhang Y, Xie DT. [Response of Soil CO 2 Emissions to Straw-returning in Citrus/Mushroom Intercropping Systems]. Huan Jing Ke Xue 2019; 40:4708-4717. [PMID: 31854842 DOI: 10.13227/j.hjkx.201903276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Based on the pattern of citrus tree/stropharia mushrooms intercropping, returning-straw was used as the raw material for the stropharia mushrooms, and an in-situ experiment was conducted to monitor soil CO2 emissions under different dosage of straw application during the stropharia growth period. Soil CO2 emissions and the influencing factors were analyzed under different treatments of cultivated (HSM, ASM, and DSM) and uncultivated stropharia mushrooms (HS, AS, and DS). The mushroom yield and soil carbon emission efficiency (CEE) were used to provide a theoretical basis for improving the use of land under citrus orchards. The results showed that:① Straw return increased the cumulative CO2 emissions compared with the control system (conventional planting, CK) and cumulative CO2 emissions increased with the dosage of straw application. Cumulative CO2 emissions from soil treated with cultivated stropharia mushrooms were higher than those from soil treated with uncultivated stropharia mushrooms, in the order of DSM (52.09 t·hm-2) > ASM (41.10 t·hm-2) > HSM (33.20 t·hm-2) > DS (27.15 t·hm-2) > AS (25.34 t·hm-2) > HS (18.94 t·hm-2) > CK (12.16 t·hm-2). Cumulative CO2 emissions under the DSM treatment significantly increased by 328.37% compared with CK. ② For the treatment of cultivated stropharia mushrooms, peak soil CO2 emissions occurred during the period of mycelium growth. The highest cumulative CO2 emissions during this period were obtained under the DSM treatment and accounted for 43.27% of the total cumulative emissions. This was followed by ASM and HSM which accounted for 42.63% and 40.57% of emissions, respectively. ③ Cultivated stropharia mushrooms reduced the temperature sensitivity coefficient (Q10). The soil temperature (5 cm depth) had a significant effect on the soil CO2 emission rate (P<0.01) but soil moisture did not (P>0.05). Soil temperature explained 27% to 71% of the variation in soil CO2 emissions rates, and the two-factor fitting of soil temperature and soil moisture explained 36% to 82% of the variation. ④ For the treatment of cultivated stropharia mushrooms, the ranked yield of each treatment was DSM (49.7 t·hm-2) > ASM (47.0 t·hm-2) > HSM (23.3 t·hm-2), and ASM had the highest soil CEE (1.14). Therefore, under the system of citrus tree/stropharia mushroom intercropping, straw return can increase soil CO2 emissions, with the highest emissions being obtained when a double dosage of straw was applied. However, the optimal amount of straw still needs to be determined in combination with changes in soil nutrients and crop yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing You
- College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Jiu-Pai Ni
- College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Rong Huang
- College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - De-Ti Xie
- College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
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149
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Lü TX, Wu YZ, Shen JL, Chen D, Jiang WQ, Wang J, Li Y, Wu JS. [N 2O Emissions from a Tea Field with Deep Application of Nitrogen Fertilizer and Intercropping with White Clover]. Huan Jing Ke Xue 2019; 40:4221-4229. [PMID: 31854888 DOI: 10.13227/j.hjkx.201901254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, the area of tea fields in China has expanded. The application rate of nitrogen fertilizer is usually high in tea fields, which causes high N2O emissions. Tea fields are important sources of N2O emissions; thus, it is necessary to research N2O emission reduction in tea fields. A three-year field study was conducted to investigate soil N2O emissions and influencing factors under different fertilization measurements in a typical tea field in a subtropical hilly region of China. Three treatments-conventional fertilization, deep application of nitrogen fertilizer, and intercropping with clover-were studied to measure the soil N2O fluxes and the related soil and environmental properties. The results showed that the subtropical hilly tea field had high N2O emissions, and the cumulative annual emissions of N2O-N were as high as 5.1-10.1 kg·hm-2. The N2O emissions occurred mainly in spring and summer. When the soil temperature was lower than 15℃, the N2O flux shown mainly a positive correlation with the soil temperature. However, when the soil temperature was higher than 15℃, the positive correlation was mainly with the soil water, soil NH4+-N, and NO3--N contents. Compared with conventional fertilization, the intercropping of white clover did not significantly reduce N2O emissions, although deep application of fertilizer increased annual N2O emissions when the rainfall was high. Neither intercropping of white clover or deep application of fertilizer affected the tea yield or the yield-scaled N2O emissions compared with conventional fertilization. Our study indicates that both intercropping of white clover and deep application of fertilization without reducing the nitrogen application rate did not reduce the soil N2O emissions in subtropical tea fields. Further studies are needed to determine the effects of deep fertilization application combined with a reduction in the nitrogen application rate on N2O emissions from tea fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian-Xin Lü
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Regions, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China.,Changsha Research Station for Agricultural & Environmental Monitoring, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yan-Zheng Wu
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Regions, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China.,Changsha Research Station for Agricultural & Environmental Monitoring, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Jian-Lin Shen
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Regions, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China.,Changsha Research Station for Agricultural & Environmental Monitoring, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Dan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Regions, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China.,Changsha Research Station for Agricultural & Environmental Monitoring, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Wen-Qian Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Regions, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China.,Changsha Research Station for Agricultural & Environmental Monitoring, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Juan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Regions, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China.,Changsha Research Station for Agricultural & Environmental Monitoring, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Yong Li
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Regions, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China.,Changsha Research Station for Agricultural & Environmental Monitoring, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Jin-Shui Wu
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Regions, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China.,Changsha Research Station for Agricultural & Environmental Monitoring, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
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150
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Zhang D, Li H, Fu Z, Cai S, Xu S, Zhu H, Shen J. Increased planting density of Chinese milk vetch ( Astragalus sinicus) weakens phosphorus uptake advantage by rapeseed ( Brassica napus) in a mixed cropping system. AoB Plants 2019; 11:plz033. [PMID: 31285818 PMCID: PMC6605628 DOI: 10.1093/aobpla/plz033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Neighbouring plants can affect plant growth through altering root morphological and physiological traits, but how exactly root systems respond to neighbouring plants with varied density, determining nutrient uptake and shoot growth is poorly understood. In a pot-based experiment, rapeseed was grown alone (single rapeseed), or mixed with 3, 6, or 15 Chinese milk vetch plants. As controls, monocropped Chinese milk vetch was grown at the same planting density, 3, 6, or 15 plants per pot. Root interaction between rapeseed and Chinese milk vetch facilitated phosphorus (P) uptake in rapeseed grown with 3 plants of Chinese milk vetch. As the planting density of Chinese milk vetch in mixture increased, there was a decrease in citrate concentration and acid phosphatase activity but an increase in the total root length of Chinese milk vetch per pot, resulting in decreases in rapeseed root biomass, total root length and P uptake when rapeseed was grown with 6 or 15 Chinese milk vetch plants relative to rapeseed grown with 3 plants. These results demonstrate that the enhanced nutrient utilization induced by root interaction at low planting densities was eliminated by the increased planting density of the legume species in rapeseed/Chinese milk vetch mixed cropping system, suggesting that root/rhizosphere management through optimizing legume planting density is important for improving crop productivity and nutrient-use efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deshan Zhang
- Institute of Ecological Environment Protection Research, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Protected Horticultural Technology, Shanghai Low-carbon Agricultural Technical Engineering Research Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongbo Li
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zishi Fu
- Institute of Ecological Environment Protection Research, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Protected Horticultural Technology, Shanghai Low-carbon Agricultural Technical Engineering Research Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Shumei Cai
- Institute of Ecological Environment Protection Research, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Protected Horticultural Technology, Shanghai Low-carbon Agricultural Technical Engineering Research Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Sixin Xu
- Institute of Ecological Environment Protection Research, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Protected Horticultural Technology, Shanghai Low-carbon Agricultural Technical Engineering Research Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Haitao Zhu
- Institute of Ecological Environment Protection Research, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Protected Horticultural Technology, Shanghai Low-carbon Agricultural Technical Engineering Research Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianbo Shen
- Department of Plant Nutrition, China Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
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