101
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Gunina EV, Zhestkij NA, Sergeev M, Bachinin SV, Mezenov YA, Kulachenkov NK, Timofeeva M, Ivashchenko V, Timin AS, Shipilovskikh SA, Yakubova AA, Pavlov DI, Potapov AS, Gong J, Khamkhash L, Atabaev TS, Bruyere S, Milichko VA. Laser-Assisted Design of MOF-Derivative Platforms from Nano- to Centimeter Scales for Photonic and Catalytic Applications. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2023; 15:47541-47551. [PMID: 37773641 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c10193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
Laser conversion of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) has recently emerged as a fast and low-energy consumptive approach to create scalable MOF derivatives for catalysis, energy, and optics. However, due to the virtually unlimited MOF structures and tunable laser parameters, the results of their interaction are unpredictable and poorly controlled. Here, we experimentally base a general approach to create nano- to centimeter-scale MOF derivatives with the desired nonlinear optical and catalytic properties. Five three- and two-dimensional MOFs, differing in chemical composition, topology, and thermal resistance, have been selected as precursors. Tuning the laser parameters (i.e., pulse duration from fs to ns and repetition rate from kHz to MHz), we switch between ultrafast nonthermal destruction and thermal decomposition of MOFs. We have established that regardless of the chemical composition and MOF topology, the tuning of the laser parameters allows obtaining a series of structurally different derivatives, and the transition from femtosecond to nanosecond laser regimes ensures the scaling of the derivatives from nano- to centimeter scales. Herein, the thermal resistance of MOFs affects the structure and chemical composition of the resulting derivatives. Finally, we outline the "laser parameters versus MOF structure" space, in which one can create the desired and scalable platforms with nonlinear optical properties from photoluminescence to light control and enhanced catalytic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina V Gunina
- School of Physics and Engineering, ITMO University, St. Petersburg 197101, Russia
| | - Nikolaj A Zhestkij
- School of Physics and Engineering, ITMO University, St. Petersburg 197101, Russia
| | - Maksim Sergeev
- School of Physics and Engineering, ITMO University, St. Petersburg 197101, Russia
| | - Semyon V Bachinin
- School of Physics and Engineering, ITMO University, St. Petersburg 197101, Russia
| | - Yuri A Mezenov
- School of Physics and Engineering, ITMO University, St. Petersburg 197101, Russia
| | - Nikita K Kulachenkov
- School of Physics and Engineering, ITMO University, St. Petersburg 197101, Russia
| | - Maria Timofeeva
- School of Physics and Engineering, ITMO University, St. Petersburg 197101, Russia
| | | | - Alexander S Timin
- School of Physics and Engineering, ITMO University, St. Petersburg 197101, Russia
| | | | - Anastasia A Yakubova
- Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, St. Petersburg 195251, Russia
| | - Dmitry I Pavlov
- Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Andrei S Potapov
- Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Jiang Gong
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Laura Khamkhash
- Department of Chemistry, Nazarbayev University, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan
| | - Timur Sh Atabaev
- Department of Chemistry, Nazarbayev University, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan
| | | | - Valentin A Milichko
- School of Physics and Engineering, ITMO University, St. Petersburg 197101, Russia
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, IJL, F-54011 Nancy, France
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102
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DeLange J, Barua K, Paul AS, Ohadi H, Zwiller V, Steinhauer S, Alaeian H. Highly-excited Rydberg excitons in synthetic thin-film cuprous oxide. Sci Rep 2023; 13:16881. [PMID: 37803008 PMCID: PMC10558487 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-41465-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cuprous oxide ([Formula: see text]) has recently emerged as a promising material in solid-state quantum technology, specifically for its excitonic Rydberg states characterized by large principal quantum numbers (n). The significant wavefunction size of these highly-excited states (proportional to [Formula: see text]) enables strong long-range dipole-dipole (proportional to [Formula: see text]) and van der Waals interactions (proportional to [Formula: see text]). Currently, the highest-lying Rydberg states are found in naturally occurring [Formula: see text]. However, for technological applications, the ability to grow high-quality synthetic samples is essential. The fabrication of thin-film [Formula: see text] samples is of particular interest as they hold potential for observing extreme single-photon nonlinearities through the Rydberg blockade. Nevertheless, due to the susceptibility of high-lying states to charged impurities, growing synthetic samples of sufficient quality poses a substantial challenge. This study successfully demonstrates the CMOS-compatible synthesis of a [Formula: see text] thin film on a transparent substrate that showcases Rydberg excitons up to [Formula: see text] which is readily suitable for photonic device fabrications. These findings mark a significant advancement towards the realization of scalable and on-chip integrable Rydberg quantum technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob DeLange
- Department of Physics, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA.
| | - Kinjol Barua
- Elmore Family School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Anindya Sundar Paul
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, KY16 9SS, UK
| | - Hamid Ohadi
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, KY16 9SS, UK
| | - Val Zwiller
- Department of Applied Physics, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Stephan Steinhauer
- Department of Applied Physics, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hadiseh Alaeian
- Department of Physics, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA.
- Elmore Family School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA.
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103
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Mao W, Li Y, Jiang X, Liu Z, Yang L. A whispering-gallery scanning microprobe for Raman spectroscopy and imaging. Light Sci Appl 2023; 12:247. [PMID: 37798286 PMCID: PMC10556008 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-023-01276-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
Optical whispering-gallery-mode microsensors are a promising platform for many applications, such as biomedical monitoring, magnetic sensing, and vibration detection. However, like many other micro/nanosensors, they cannot simultaneously have two critical properties - ultrahigh sensitivity and large detection area, which are desired for most sensing applications. Here, we report a novel scanning whispering-gallery-mode microprobe optimized for both features and demonstrate enhanced Raman spectroscopy, providing high-specificity information on molecular fingerprints that are important for numerous sensing applications. Combining the superiorities of whispering-gallery modes and nanoplasmonics, the microprobe exhibits a two-orders-of-magnitude sensitivity improvement over traditional plasmonics-only enhancement; this leads to molecular detection demonstrated with stronger target signals but less optical power required than surface-enhanced-Raman-spectroscopy substrates. Furthermore, the scanning microprobe greatly expands the effective detection area and realizes two-dimensional micron-resolution Raman imaging of molecular distribution. The versatile and ultrasensitive scanning microprobe configuration will thus benefit material characterization, chemical imaging, and quantum-enhanced sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbo Mao
- Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering, Washington University, St Louis, MO, 63130, USA
| | - Yihang Li
- Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering, Washington University, St Louis, MO, 63130, USA
| | - Xuefeng Jiang
- Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering, Washington University, St Louis, MO, 63130, USA
| | - Zhiwen Liu
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Lan Yang
- Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering, Washington University, St Louis, MO, 63130, USA.
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104
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Zhu S, Li W, Yu S, Komatsu N, Baydin A, Wang F, Sun F, Wang C, Chen W, Tan CS, Liang H, Yomogida Y, Yanagi K, Kono J, Wang QJ. Extreme Polarization Anisotropy in Resonant Third-Harmonic Generation from Aligned Carbon Nanotube Films. Adv Mater 2023; 35:e2304082. [PMID: 37391190 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202304082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023]
Abstract
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) possess extremely anisotropic electronic, thermal, and optical properties owing to their 1D character. While their linear optical properties have been extensively studied, nonlinear optical processes, such as harmonic generation for frequency conversion, remain largely unexplored in CNTs, particularly in macroscopic CNT assemblies. In this work, macroscopic films of aligned and type-separated (semiconducting and metallic) CNTs are synthesized and polarization-dependent third-harmonic generation (THG) from the films with fundamental wavelengths ranging from 1.5 to 2.5 µm is studied. Both films exhibited strongly wavelength-dependent, intense THG signals, enhanced through exciton resonances, and third-order nonlinear optical susceptibilities of 2.50 × 10-19 m2 V-2 (semiconducting CNTs) and 1.23 × 10-19 m2 V-2 (metallic CNTs), respectively are found, for 1.8 µm excitation. Further, through systematic polarization-dependent THG measurements, the values of all elements of the susceptibility tensor are determined, verifying the macroscopically 1D nature of the films. Finally, polarized THG imaging is performed to demonstrate the nonlinear anisotropy in the large-size CNT film with good alignment. These findings promise applications of aligned CNT films in mid-infrared frequency conversion, nonlinear optical switching, polarized pulsed lasers, polarized long-wave detection, and high-performance anisotropic nonlinear photonic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Zhu
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Wenkai Li
- State Key Laboratory of High Field Laser Physics, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201800, China
| | - Shengjie Yu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
- Applied Physics Graduate Program, Smalley-Curl Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
| | - Natsumi Komatsu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
| | - Andrey Baydin
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
| | - Fakun Wang
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Fangyuan Sun
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Chongwu Wang
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Wenduo Chen
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Chuan Seng Tan
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Houkun Liang
- School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610064, China
| | - Yohei Yomogida
- Department of Physics, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0397, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Yanagi
- Department of Physics, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0397, Japan
| | - Junichiro Kono
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
- Smalley-Curl Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
- School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
| | - Qi Jie Wang
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
- School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
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105
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Ye L, Zhou W, Huang D, Jiang X, Guo Q, Cao X, Yan S, Wang X, Jia D, Jiang D, Wang Y, Wu X, Zhang X, Li Y, Lei H, Gou H, Huang B. Manipulation of nonlinear optical responses in layered ferroelectric niobium oxide dihalides. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5911. [PMID: 37737236 PMCID: PMC10516934 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41383-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Realization of highly tunable second-order nonlinear optical responses, e.g., second-harmonic generation and bulk photovoltaic effect, is critical for developing modern optical and optoelectronic devices. Recently, the van der Waals niobium oxide dihalides are discovered to exhibit unusually large second-harmonic generation. However, the physical origin and possible tunability of nonlinear optical responses in these materials remain to be unclear. In this article, we reveal that the large second-harmonic generation in NbOX2 (X = Cl, Br, and I) may be partially contributed by the large band nesting effect in different Brillouin zone. Interestingly, the NbOCl2 can exhibit dramatically different strain-dependent bulk photovoltaic effect under different polarized light, originating from the light-polarization-dependent orbital transitions. Importantly, we achieve a reversible ferroelectric-to-antiferroelectric phase transition in NbOCl2 and a reversible ferroelectric-to-paraelectric phase transition in NbOI2 under a certain region of external pressure, accompanied by the greatly tunable nonlinear optical responses but with different microscopic mechanisms. Our study establishes the interesting external-field tunability of NbOX2 for nonlinear optical device applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangting Ye
- Beijing Computational Science Research Center, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Wenju Zhou
- Center for High Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Dajian Huang
- Center for High Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xiao Jiang
- Beijing Computational Science Research Center, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Qiangbing Guo
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Xinyu Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Information Photonics and Optical Communications & School of Science, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, 100876, China
| | - Shaohua Yan
- Department of Physics and Beijing Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Functional Materials & MicroNano Devices, Renmin University of China, Beijing, 100872, China
- Key Laboratory of Quantum State Construction and Manipulation (Ministry of Education), Renmin University of China, Beijing, 100872, China
| | - Xinyu Wang
- Center for High Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Donghan Jia
- Center for High Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Dequan Jiang
- Center for High Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yonggang Wang
- Center for High Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xiaoqiang Wu
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610106, China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yang Li
- Beijing Computational Science Research Center, Beijing, 100193, China.
| | - Hechang Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Information Photonics and Optical Communications & School of Science, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, 100876, China
- Department of Physics and Beijing Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Functional Materials & MicroNano Devices, Renmin University of China, Beijing, 100872, China
| | - Huiyang Gou
- Center for High Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research, Beijing, 100193, China.
| | - Bing Huang
- Beijing Computational Science Research Center, Beijing, 100193, China.
- Department of Physics, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China.
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106
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Shi J, Feng S, He P, Fu Y, Zhang X. Nonlinear Optical Properties from Engineered 2D Materials. Molecules 2023; 28:6737. [PMID: 37764513 PMCID: PMC10535766 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28186737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) materials with atomic thickness, tunable light-matter interaction, and significant nonlinear susceptibility are emerging as potential candidates for new-generation optoelectronic devices. In this review, we briefly cover the recent research development of typical nonlinear optic (NLO) processes including second harmonic generation (SHG), third harmonic generation (THG), as well as two-photon photoluminescence (2PPL) of 2D materials. Nonlinear light-matter interaction in atomically thin 2D materials is important for both fundamental research and future optoelectronic devices. The NLO performance of 2D materials can be greatly modulated with methods such as carrier injection tuning, strain tuning, artificially stacking, as well as plasmonic resonant enhancement. This review will discuss various nonlinear optical processes and corresponding tuning methods and propose its potential NLO application of 2D materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Shi
- Institute of Information Photonics Technology, Faculty of Science, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China; (S.F.); (Y.F.); (X.Z.)
| | - Shifeng Feng
- Institute of Information Photonics Technology, Faculty of Science, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China; (S.F.); (Y.F.); (X.Z.)
| | - Peng He
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore;
| | - Yulan Fu
- Institute of Information Photonics Technology, Faculty of Science, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China; (S.F.); (Y.F.); (X.Z.)
| | - Xinping Zhang
- Institute of Information Photonics Technology, Faculty of Science, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China; (S.F.); (Y.F.); (X.Z.)
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107
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Li G, Jiang S, Liu A, Ye L, Ke J, Liu C, Chen L, Liu Y, Hong M. Proof of crystal-field-perturbation-enhanced luminescence of lanthanide-doped nanocrystals through interstitial H + doping. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5870. [PMID: 37735451 PMCID: PMC10514317 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41411-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Crystal-field perturbation is theoretically the most direct and effective method of achieving highly efficient photoluminescence from trivalent lanthanide (Ln3+) ions through breaking the parity-forbidden nature of their 4f-transitions. However, exerting such crystal-field perturbation remains an arduous task even in well-developed Ln3+-doped luminescent nanocrystals (NCs). Herein, we report crystal-field perturbation through interstitial H+-doping in orthorhombic-phase NaMgF3:Ln3+ NCs and achieve a three-orders-of-magnitude emission amplification without a distinct lattice distortion. Mechanistic studies reveal that the interstitial H+ ions perturb the local charge density distribution, leading to anisotropic polarization of the F- ligand, which affects the highly symmetric Ln3+-substituted [MgF6]4- octahedral clusters. This effectively alleviates the parity-forbidden selective rule to enhance the 4f-4 f radiative transition rate of the Ln3+ emitter and is directly corroborated by the apparent shortening of the radiative recombination lifetime. The interstitially H+-doped NaMgF3:Yb/Er NCs are successfully used as bioimaging agents for real-time vascular imaging. These findings provide concrete evidence for crystal-field perturbation effects and promote the design of Ln3+-doped luminescent NCs with high brightness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guowei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shihui Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Aijun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, China
| | - Lixiang Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Fujian Center for Safety Evaluation of New Drug, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jianxi Ke
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Science & Technology Innovation Laboratory for Optoelectronic Information of China, Fuzhou, China
| | - Caiping Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Science & Technology Innovation Laboratory for Optoelectronic Information of China, Fuzhou, China
- Advanced Energy Science and Technology Guangdong Laboratory, Huizhou, China
| | - Lian Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, China.
| | - Yongsheng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, China.
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
- Fujian Science & Technology Innovation Laboratory for Optoelectronic Information of China, Fuzhou, China.
- Advanced Energy Science and Technology Guangdong Laboratory, Huizhou, China.
| | - Maochun Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, China.
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
- Fujian Science & Technology Innovation Laboratory for Optoelectronic Information of China, Fuzhou, China.
- Advanced Energy Science and Technology Guangdong Laboratory, Huizhou, China.
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108
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Sun Y, Larin A, Mozharov A, Ageev E, Pashina O, Komissarenko F, Mukhin I, Petrov M, Makarov S, Belov P, Zuev D. All-optical generation of static electric field in a single metal-semiconductor nanoantenna. Light Sci Appl 2023; 12:237. [PMID: 37723158 PMCID: PMC10507031 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-023-01262-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
Electric field is a powerful instrument in nanoscale engineering, providing wide functionalities for control in various optical and solid-state nanodevices. The development of a single optically resonant nanostructure operating with a charge-induced electrical field is challenging, but it could be extremely useful for novel nanophotonic horizons. Here, we show a resonant metal-semiconductor nanostructure with a static electric field created at the interface between its components by charge carriers generated via femtosecond laser irradiation. We study this field experimentally, probing it by second-harmonic generation signal, which, in our system, is time-dependent and has a non-quadratic signal/excitation power dependence. The developed numerical models reveal the influence of the optically induced static electric field on the second harmonic generation signal. We also show how metal work function and silicon surface defect density for different charge carrier concentrations affect the formation of this field. We estimate the value of optically-generated static electric field in this nanoantenna to achieve ≈108V/m. These findings pave the way for the creation of nanoantenna-based optical memory, programmable logic and neuromorphic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yali Sun
- School of Physics and Engineering, ITMO University, Lomonosova 9, Saint Petersburg, 191002, Russia
| | - Artem Larin
- School of Physics and Engineering, ITMO University, Lomonosova 9, Saint Petersburg, 191002, Russia
| | - Alexey Mozharov
- Center for Nanotechnologies, Alferov University, Khlopina 8/3, Saint Petersburg, 194021, Russia
- Higher School of Engineering Physics, Peter the Great Saint Petersburg Polytechnic University, Politekhnicheskaya 29, Saint Petersburg, 195251, Russia
| | - Eduard Ageev
- School of Physics and Engineering, ITMO University, Lomonosova 9, Saint Petersburg, 191002, Russia
| | - Olesia Pashina
- School of Physics and Engineering, ITMO University, Lomonosova 9, Saint Petersburg, 191002, Russia
| | - Filipp Komissarenko
- School of Physics and Engineering, ITMO University, Lomonosova 9, Saint Petersburg, 191002, Russia
| | - Ivan Mukhin
- Center for Nanotechnologies, Alferov University, Khlopina 8/3, Saint Petersburg, 194021, Russia
- Higher School of Engineering Physics, Peter the Great Saint Petersburg Polytechnic University, Politekhnicheskaya 29, Saint Petersburg, 195251, Russia
| | - Mihail Petrov
- School of Physics and Engineering, ITMO University, Lomonosova 9, Saint Petersburg, 191002, Russia
| | - Sergey Makarov
- School of Physics and Engineering, ITMO University, Lomonosova 9, Saint Petersburg, 191002, Russia
| | - Pavel Belov
- School of Physics and Engineering, ITMO University, Lomonosova 9, Saint Petersburg, 191002, Russia
| | - Dmitry Zuev
- School of Physics and Engineering, ITMO University, Lomonosova 9, Saint Petersburg, 191002, Russia.
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109
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Primo AG, Pinho PV, Benevides R, Gröblacher S, Wiederhecker GS, Alegre TPM. Dissipative optomechanics in high-frequency nanomechanical resonators. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5793. [PMID: 37723162 PMCID: PMC10507050 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41127-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The coherent transduction of information between microwave and optical domains is a fundamental building block for future quantum networks. A promising way to bridge these widely different frequencies is using high-frequency nanomechanical resonators interacting with low-loss optical modes. State-of-the-art optomechanical devices rely on purely dispersive interactions that are enhanced by a large photon population in the cavity. Additionally, one could use dissipative optomechanics, where photons can be scattered directly from a waveguide into a resonator hence increasing the degree of control of the acousto-optic interplay. Hitherto, such dissipative optomechanical interaction was only demonstrated at low mechanical frequencies, precluding prominent applications such as the quantum state transfer between photonic and phononic domains. Here, we show the first dissipative optomechanical system operating in the sideband-resolved regime, where the mechanical frequency is larger than the optical linewidth. Exploring this unprecedented regime, we demonstrate the impact of dissipative optomechanical coupling in reshaping both mechanical and optical spectra. Our figures represent a two-order-of-magnitude leap in the mechanical frequency and a tenfold increase in the dissipative optomechanical coupling rate compared to previous works. Further advances could enable the individual addressing of mechanical modes and help mitigate optical nonlinearities and absorption in optomechanical devices.
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Grants
- This work was supported by São Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP) through grants 19/09738-9, 20/15786-3, 19/01402-1, 18/15577-5, 18/15580-6, 18/25339-4, 22/07719-0, Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - Brasil (CAPES) (Finance Code 001),the European Research Council (ERC CoG Q-ECHOS, 101001005), and by the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO/OCW), as part of the Frontiers of Nanoscience program, as well as through Vrij Programma (680-92-18-04).
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Affiliation(s)
- André G Primo
- Gleb Wataghin Institute of Physics, University of Campinas, 13083-859, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Pedro V Pinho
- Gleb Wataghin Institute of Physics, University of Campinas, 13083-859, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Simon Gröblacher
- Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Department of Quantum Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, Lorentzweg 1, 2628CJ, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Gustavo S Wiederhecker
- Gleb Wataghin Institute of Physics, University of Campinas, 13083-859, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Thiago P Mayer Alegre
- Gleb Wataghin Institute of Physics, University of Campinas, 13083-859, Campinas, SP, Brazil.
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110
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Rohrbach D, Kang BJ, Zyaee E, Feurer T. Wideband dispersion-free THz waveguide platform. Sci Rep 2023; 13:15228. [PMID: 37709825 PMCID: PMC10502044 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-41843-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023] Open
Abstract
We present a versatile THz waveguide platform for frequencies between 0.1 THz and 1.5 THz, designed to exhibit vacuum-like dispersion and electric as well as magnetic field enhancement. While linear THz spectroscopy benefits from the extended interaction length in combination with moderate losses, nonlinear THz spectroscopy profits from the field enhancement and zero dispersion, with the associated reshaping-free propagation of broadband single- to few-cycle THz pulses. Moreover, the vacuum-like dispersion allows for velocity matching in mixed THz and visible to infrared pump-probe experiments. The platform is based on the motif of a metallic double ridged waveguide. We experimentally characterize essential waveguide properties, for instance, propagation and bending losses, but also demonstrate a junction and an interferometer, essentially because those elements are prerequisites for THz waveform synthesis, and hence, for coherently controlled linear and nonlinear THz interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Rohrbach
- Institute of Applied Physics, University of Bern, Sidlerstrasse 5, 3012, Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Bong Joo Kang
- Institute of Applied Physics, University of Bern, Sidlerstrasse 5, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Elnaz Zyaee
- Institute of Applied Physics, University of Bern, Sidlerstrasse 5, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Feurer
- Institute of Applied Physics, University of Bern, Sidlerstrasse 5, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
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111
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Kaluza MC. Unveiling the inner structure of electron pulses generated from a laser-wakefield accelerator. Light Sci Appl 2023; 12:225. [PMID: 37696783 PMCID: PMC10495313 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-023-01269-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
A novel diagnostic method has been used to gain deeper insight into the transverse structure and its evolution of electron pulses generated from a laser-wakefield accelerator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malte C Kaluza
- Institute of Optics and Quantum Electronics, Max-Wien-Platz 1, 07743, Jena, Germany.
- Helmholtz-Institute Jena, Fröbelstieg 3, 07743, Jena, Germany.
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112
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Chen P, Xu X, Wang T, Zhou C, Wei D, Ma J, Guo J, Cui X, Cheng X, Xie C, Zhang S, Zhu S, Xiao M, Zhang Y. Laser nanoprinting of 3D nonlinear holograms beyond 25000 pixels-per-inch for inter-wavelength-band information processing. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5523. [PMID: 37684225 PMCID: PMC10491822 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41350-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonlinear optics provides a means to bridge between different electromagnetic frequencies, enabling communication between visible, infrared, and terahertz bands through χ(2) and higher-order nonlinear optical processes. However, precisely modulating nonlinear optical waves in 3D space remains a significant challenge, severely limiting the ability to directly manipulate optical information across different wavelength bands. Here, we propose and experimentally demonstrate a three-dimensional (3D) χ(2)-super-pixel hologram with nanometer resolution in lithium niobate crystals, capable of performing advanced processing tasks. In our design, each pixel consists of properly arranged nanodomain structures capable of completely and dynamically manipulating the complex-amplitude of nonlinear waves. Fabricated by femtosecond laser writing, the nonlinear hologram features a pixel diameter of 500 nm and a pixel density of approximately 25000 pixels-per-inch (PPI), reaching far beyond the state of the art. In our experiments, we successfully demonstrate the novel functions of the hologram to process near-infrared (NIR) information at visible wavelengths, including dynamic 3D nonlinear holographic imaging and frequency-up-converted image recognition. Our scheme provides a promising nano-optic platform for high-capacity optical storage and multi-functional information processing across different wavelength ranges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengcheng Chen
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, School of Physics, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Xiaoyi Xu
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, School of Physics, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Tianxin Wang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, School of Physics, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Chao Zhou
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, School of Physics, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Dunzhao Wei
- School of Physics, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Jianan Ma
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, School of Physics, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Junjie Guo
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, School of Physics, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Xuejing Cui
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, School of Physics, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Xiaoyan Cheng
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, School of Physics, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Chenzhu Xie
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, School of Physics, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Shuang Zhang
- Department of Physics, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Shining Zhu
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, School of Physics, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Min Xiao
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, School of Physics, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
- Department of Physics, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, 72701, USA
| | - Yong Zhang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, School of Physics, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China.
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113
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Ryszczyńska S, Martín IR, Grzyb T. Near-infrared optical nanothermometry via upconversion of Ho 3+-sensitized nanoparticles. Sci Rep 2023; 13:14819. [PMID: 37684334 PMCID: PMC10491596 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-42034-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, materials revealing the upconversion (UC) phenomenon, which is a conversion of low-energy photons to higher-energy ones, have attracted considerable attention in luminescence thermometry due to the possibility of precise and remote optical thermal sensing. The most widely studied type of luminescent thermometry uses a ratiometric approach based on changes in the UC luminescence intensity, mainly of lanthanide ions' thermally coupled energy levels. In this work, NaYF4:Ho3+@NaYF4, and NaYF4:Ho3+, Er3+@NaYF4 nanoparticles (NPs) were synthesized by the controlled reaction in oleic acid and octadecene at 573 K. The obtained nanoparticles had hexagonal structures, oval shapes, and average sizes of 22.5 ± 2.2 nm and 22.2 ± 2.0 nm, respectively. The spectroscopic properties of the products were investigated by measurements of the UC emission under 1151 nm laser excitation in the temperature range between 295 to 378 K. The sample doped with Ho3+ and Er3+ ions showed unique behavior of enhancing emission intensity with the temperature. The relative sensitivity determined for the NPs containing Ho3+ and Er3+ ions, reached the maximum value of 1.80%/K at 378 K. Here, we prove that the NaYF4:Ho3+, Er3+@NaYF4 system presents unique and excellent optical temperature sensing properties based on the luminescence intensity ratios of the near-infrared bands of both Ho3+ and Er3+ ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylwia Ryszczyńska
- Department of Rare Earths, Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8, 61-614, Poznan, Poland
- NanoBioMedical Centre, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Wszechnicy Piastowskiej 3, 61-614, Poznan, Poland
| | - Inocencio R Martín
- Departamento de Física, IMN, Universidad de La Laguna, Apdo. 456, 38200, San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | - Tomasz Grzyb
- Department of Rare Earths, Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8, 61-614, Poznan, Poland.
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114
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Luo Y, Guo Q, Deng X, Ghosh S, Zhang Q, Xu H, Xiong Q. Manipulating nonlinear exciton polaritons in an atomically-thin semiconductor with artificial potential landscapes. Light Sci Appl 2023; 12:220. [PMID: 37679312 PMCID: PMC10485014 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-023-01268-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
Exciton polaritons in atomically thin transition-metal dichalcogenide microcavities provide a versatile platform for advancing optoelectronic devices and studying the interacting Bosonic physics at ambient conditions. Rationally engineering the favorable properties of polaritons is critically required for the rapidly growing research. Here, we demonstrate the manipulation of nonlinear polaritons with the lithographically defined potential landscapes in monolayer WS2 microcavities. The discretization of photoluminescence dispersions and spatially confined patterns indicate the deterministic on-site localization of polaritons by the artificial mesa cavities. Varying the trapping sizes, the polariton-reservoir interaction strength is enhanced by about six times through managing the polariton-exciton spatial overlap. Meanwhile, the coherence of trapped polaritons is significantly improved due to the spectral narrowing and tailored in a picosecond range. Therefore, our work not only offers a convenient approach to manipulating the nonlinearity and coherence of polaritons but also opens up possibilities for exploring many-body phenomena and developing novel polaritonic devices based on 2D materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics, Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Quanbing Guo
- Wuhan Institute of Quantum Technology, Wuhan, 430206, China
| | - Xinyi Deng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Sanjib Ghosh
- Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Qing Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Hongxing Xu
- Wuhan Institute of Quantum Technology, Wuhan, 430206, China.
- School of Physics and Technology, Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, and Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-structures of Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China.
| | - Qihua Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics, Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
- Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China.
- Frontier Science Center for Quantum Information, Beijing, 100084, China.
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Beijing, China.
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115
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Li J, Li XH, Yao WD, Liu W, Guo SP. Three-in-One Strategy Constructing the First High-Performance Nonlinear Optical Sulfide Crystallizing with the P4 3 Space Group. Small 2023; 19:e2303090. [PMID: 37222125 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202303090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The balance between large nonlinear optical (NLO) effect and wide bandgap is the key scientific issue for the exploration of infrared NLO materials. Targeting this issue, two new pentanary chalcogenides KGaGe1.37 Sn0.63 S6 (1) and KGaGe1.37 Sn0.63 Se6 (2) are obtained by the three-in-one strategy, viz. three types of fourfold-coordinated metal elements co-occupying the same site. They crystallize in the tetragonal P43 (1) and monoclinic Cc (2) space group. Their structures can be evolved from benchmark AgGaS2 (AGS) by suitable substitution. Remarkably, 1 is the first NLO sulfide crystallizing with the P43 space group, representing a new structure-type NLO material. The structural relationship between 1 and 2 and the evolution from 1, 2 to AGS are also analyzed. Both 1 and 2 show balanced NLO properties. Specifically, 1 exhibits phase-matchable SHG response of 0.6 × AGS, a wide bandgap of 3.50 eV, and a high laser damage threshold of 6.24 × AGS. Theoretical calculation results suggest that the Ga/Ge/Sn element ratios of the co-occupied sites of 1 and 2 are the most appropriate for stabilizing the structures. The strategy adopted here will provide some inspiration for exploring new high-performance NLO materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, 180 Siwangting Road, Yangzhou, 250002, China
| | - Xiao-Hui Li
- Institute of Experimental Physics, Free University Berlin, Arnimallee 14, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Wen-Dong Yao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, 180 Siwangting Road, Yangzhou, 250002, China
| | - Wenlong Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, 180 Siwangting Road, Yangzhou, 250002, China
| | - Sheng-Ping Guo
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, 180 Siwangting Road, Yangzhou, 250002, China
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116
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Herrmann P, Klimmer S, Lettau T, Monfared M, Staude I, Paradisanos I, Peschel U, Soavi G. Nonlinear All-Optical Coherent Generation and Read-Out of Valleys in Atomically Thin Semiconductors. Small 2023; 19:e2301126. [PMID: 37226688 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202301126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
With conventional electronics reaching performance and size boundaries, all-optical processes have emerged as ideal building blocks for high speed and low power consumption devices. A promising approach in this direction is provided by valleytronics in atomically thin semiconductors, where light-matter interaction allows to write, store, and read binary information into the two energetically degenerate but non-equivalent valleys. Here, nonlinear valleytronics in monolayer WSe2 is investigated and show that an individual ultrashort pulse with a photon energy tuned to half of the optical band-gap can be used to simultaneously excite (by coherent optical Stark shift) and detect (by a rotation in the polarization of the emitted second harmonic) the valley population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Herrmann
- Institute of Solid State Physics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Helmholtzweg 5, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Sebastian Klimmer
- Institute of Solid State Physics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Helmholtzweg 5, 07743, Jena, Germany
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Transformative Meta-Optical Systems, Department of Electronic Materials Engineering, Research School of Physics, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Thomas Lettau
- Institute of Condensed Matter Theory and Optics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Max-Wien-Platz 1, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Mohammad Monfared
- Institute of Condensed Matter Theory and Optics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Max-Wien-Platz 1, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Isabelle Staude
- Institute of Solid State Physics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Helmholtzweg 5, 07743, Jena, Germany
- Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Albert-Einstein-Straße 6, 07745, Jena, Germany
- Institute of Applied Physics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Albert-Einstein-Straße 15, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Ioannis Paradisanos
- Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser, Foundation for Research and Technology, N. Plastira 100, Vassilika Vouton, 70013, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Ulf Peschel
- Institute of Condensed Matter Theory and Optics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Max-Wien-Platz 1, 07743, Jena, Germany
- Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Albert-Einstein-Straße 6, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Giancarlo Soavi
- Institute of Solid State Physics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Helmholtzweg 5, 07743, Jena, Germany
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117
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Wei K, Liu Q, Tang Y, Ye Y, Xu Z, Jiang T. Charged biexciton polaritons sustaining strong nonlinearity in 2D semiconductor-based nanocavities. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5310. [PMID: 37652932 PMCID: PMC10471760 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41079-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Controlling the interaction between light and matter at micro- and nano-scale can provide new opportunities for modern optics and optoelectronics. An archetypical example is polariton, a half-light-half-matter quasi particle inheriting simultaneously the robust coherence of light and the strong interaction of matter, which plays an important role in many exotic phenomena. Here, we open up a new kind of cooperative coupling between plasmon and different excitonic complexes in WS2-silver nanocavities, namely plasmon-exciton-trion-charged biexciton four coupling states. Thanks to the large Bohr radius of up to 5 nm, the charged biexciton polariton exhibits strong saturation nonlinearity, ~30 times higher than the neutral exciton polariton. Transient absorption dynamics further reveal the ultrafast many-body interaction nature, with a timescale of <100 fs. The demonstration of biexciton polariton here combines high nonlinearity, simple processing and strong scalability, permitting access for future energy-efficient optical switching and information processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Wei
- Institute for Quantum Science and Technology, College of Science, National University of Defense Technology, 410073, Changsha, China.
| | - Qirui Liu
- College of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, National University of Defense Technology, 410073, Changsha, China
| | - Yuxiang Tang
- Institute for Quantum Science and Technology, College of Science, National University of Defense Technology, 410073, Changsha, China
| | - Yingqian Ye
- College of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, National University of Defense Technology, 410073, Changsha, China
| | - Zhongjie Xu
- College of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, National University of Defense Technology, 410073, Changsha, China
| | - Tian Jiang
- Institute for Quantum Science and Technology, College of Science, National University of Defense Technology, 410073, Changsha, China.
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118
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Huang M, Sun S, Saini TS, Fu Q, Xu L, Wu D, Ren H, Shen L, Hawkins TW, Ballato J, Peacock AC. Raman amplification at 2.2 μm in silicon core fibers with prospects for extended mid-infrared source generation. Light Sci Appl 2023; 12:209. [PMID: 37648683 PMCID: PMC10469167 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-023-01250-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Raman scattering provides a convenient mechanism to generate or amplify light at wavelengths where gain is not otherwise available. When combined with recent advancements in high-power fiber lasers that operate at wavelengths ~2 μm, great opportunities exist for Raman systems that extend operation further into the mid-infrared regime for applications such as gas sensing, spectroscopy, and biomedical analyses. Here, a thulium-doped fiber laser is used to demonstrate Raman emission and amplification from a highly nonlinear silicon core fiber (SCF) platform at wavelengths beyond 2 μm. The SCF has been tapered to obtain a micrometer-sized core diameter (~1.6 μm) over a length of 6 cm, with losses as low as 0.2 dB cm-1. A maximum on-off peak gain of 30.4 dB was obtained using 10 W of peak pump power at 1.99 μm, with simulations indicating that the gain could be increased to up to ~50 dB by extending the SCF length. Simulations also show that by exploiting the large Raman gain and extended mid-infrared transparency of the SCF, cascaded Raman processes could yield tunable systems with practical output powers across the 2-5 μm range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Huang
- Optoelectronics Research Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK.
| | - Shiyu Sun
- Optoelectronics Research Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK.
| | - Than S Saini
- Optoelectronics Research Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Qiang Fu
- Optoelectronics Research Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Lin Xu
- Optoelectronics Research Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Dong Wu
- Optoelectronics Research Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Haonan Ren
- School of Optoelectronic Engineering and Instrumentation Science, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Li Shen
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Thomas W Hawkins
- Center for Optical Materials Science and Engineering Technologies and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, 29634, USA
| | - John Ballato
- Center for Optical Materials Science and Engineering Technologies and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, 29634, USA
| | - Anna C Peacock
- Optoelectronics Research Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
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119
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Kosar N, Kanwal S, Hamid MHSA, Ayub K, Gilani MA, Imran M, Arshad M, Alkhalifah MA, Sheikh NS, Mahmood T. Role of Delocalization, Asymmetric Distribution of π-Electrons and Elongated Conjugation System for Enhancement of NLO Response of Open Form of Spiropyran-Based Thermochromes. Molecules 2023; 28:6283. [PMID: 37687112 PMCID: PMC10488622 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28176283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Switchable nonlinear optical (NLO) materials have widespread applications in electronics and optoelectronics. Thermo-switches generate many times higher NLO responses as compared to photo-switches. Herein, we have investigated the geometric, electronic, and nonlinear optical properties of spiropyranes thermochromes via DFT methods. The stabilities of close and open isomers of selected spiropyranes are investigated through relative energies. Electronic properties are studied through frontier molecular orbitals (FMOs) analysis. The lower HOMO-LUMO energy gap and lower excitation energy are observed for open isomers of spiropyranes, which imparts the large first hyperpolarizability value. The delocalization of π-electrons, asymmetric distribution and elongated conjugation system are dominant factors for high hyperpolarizability values of open isomers. For deep understanding, we also analyzed the frequency-dependent hyperpolarizability and refractive index of considered thermochromes. The NLO response increased significantly with increasing frequency. Among all those compounds, the highest refractive index value is observed for the open isomer of the spiropyran 1 (1.99 × 10-17 cm2/W). Molecular absorption analysis confirmed the electronic excitation in the open isomers compared to closed isomers. The results show that reversible thermochromic compounds act as excellent NLO molecular switches and can be used to design advanced electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naveen Kosar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Management and Technology (UMT), C-11, Johar Town, Lahore 54770, Pakistan
| | - Saba Kanwal
- Department of Chemistry, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad 22060, Pakistan
| | - Malai Haniti S. A. Hamid
- Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Jalan Tungku Link, Gadong BE1410, Brunei
| | - Khurshid Ayub
- Department of Chemistry, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad 22060, Pakistan
| | - Mazhar Amjad Gilani
- Department of Chemistry, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, Lahore 45550, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Imran
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Arshad
- Institute of Chemistry, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Baghdad-ul-Jadeed Campus, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan
| | - Mohammed A. Alkhalifah
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nadeem S. Sheikh
- Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Jalan Tungku Link, Gadong BE1410, Brunei
| | - Tariq Mahmood
- Department of Chemistry, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad 22060, Pakistan
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Bahrain, Sakhir P.O. Box 32038, Bahrain
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120
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Wu GB, Dai JY, Shum KM, Chan KF, Cheng Q, Cui TJ, Chan CH. A universal metasurface antenna to manipulate all fundamental characteristics of electromagnetic waves. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5155. [PMID: 37620303 PMCID: PMC10449906 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40717-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Metasurfaces have promising potential to revolutionize a variety of photonic and electronic device technologies. However, metasurfaces that can simultaneously and independently control all electromagnetics (EM) waves' properties, including amplitude, phase, frequency, polarization, and momentum, with high integrability and programmability, are challenging and have not been successfully attempted. Here, we propose and demonstrate a microwave universal metasurface antenna (UMA) capable of dynamically, simultaneously, independently, and precisely manipulating all the constitutive properties of EM waves in a software-defined manner. Our UMA further facilitates the spatial- and time-varying wave properties, leading to more complicated waveform generation, beamforming, and direct information manipulations. In particular, the UMA can directly generate the modulated waveforms carrying digital information that can fundamentally simplify the architecture of information transmitter systems. The proposed UMA with unparalleled EM wave and information manipulation capabilities will spark a surge of applications from next-generation wireless systems, cognitive sensing, and imaging to quantum optics and quantum information science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geng-Bo Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Terahertz and Millimeter Waves, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, China
- Department of Electrical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Jun Yan Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Millimeter Waves, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China.
- Institute of Electromagnetic Space, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China.
- Frontiers Science Center for Mobile Information Communication and Security, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China.
| | - Kam Man Shum
- State Key Laboratory of Terahertz and Millimeter Waves, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Ka Fai Chan
- State Key Laboratory of Terahertz and Millimeter Waves, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Qiang Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Millimeter Waves, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China.
- Institute of Electromagnetic Space, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China.
- Frontiers Science Center for Mobile Information Communication and Security, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China.
| | - Tie Jun Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Millimeter Waves, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China.
- Institute of Electromagnetic Space, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China.
- Frontiers Science Center for Mobile Information Communication and Security, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China.
| | - Chi Hou Chan
- State Key Laboratory of Terahertz and Millimeter Waves, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, China.
- Department of Electrical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, China.
- Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for Big Data Imaging and Communication, Shenzhen, 518048, China.
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Talts ÜL, Weigand HC, Saerens G, Benedek P, Winiger J, Wood V, Leuthold J, Vogler-Neuling V, Grange R. Sol-Gel Barium Titanate Nanohole Array as a Nonlinear Metasurface and a Photonic Crystal. Small 2023:e2304355. [PMID: 37621040 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202304355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
The quest of a nonlinear optical material that can be easily nanostructured over a large surface area is still ongoing. Here, we demonstrate a nanoimprinted nonlinear barium titanate 2D nanohole array that shows the optical properties of a 2D photonic crystal and a metasurface, depending on the direction of the optical axis. The challenge of nanostructuring the inert metal-oxide is resolved by direct soft nanoimprint lithography with sol-gel derived barium titanate enabling critical dimensions of 120 nm with aspect ratios of five. The nanohole array exhibits a photonic bandgap in the infrared range when probed along the slab axis, while lattice resonant states are observed in out-of-plane transmission configuration. The enhanced light-matter interaction from the resonant structure enables to increase in the second-harmonic generation in the near-ultraviolet by a factor of 18 illustrating the potential in the flexible fabrication technique for barium titanate photonic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ülle-Linda Talts
- Optical Nanomaterial Group, Institute for Quantum Electronics, Department of Physics, ETH Zurich, Auguste-Piccard-Hof 1, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Helena C Weigand
- Optical Nanomaterial Group, Institute for Quantum Electronics, Department of Physics, ETH Zurich, Auguste-Piccard-Hof 1, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Grégoire Saerens
- Optical Nanomaterial Group, Institute for Quantum Electronics, Department of Physics, ETH Zurich, Auguste-Piccard-Hof 1, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Peter Benedek
- Institute for Electronics, Department of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, ETH Zurich, Gloriastrasse 35, 8092, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Joel Winiger
- Institute for Electromagentic Fields, Department of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, ETH Zurich, Gloriastrasse 35, 8092, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Vanessa Wood
- Institute for Electronics, Department of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, ETH Zurich, Gloriastrasse 35, 8092, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jürg Leuthold
- Institute for Electromagentic Fields, Department of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, ETH Zurich, Gloriastrasse 35, 8092, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Viola Vogler-Neuling
- Optical Nanomaterial Group, Institute for Quantum Electronics, Department of Physics, ETH Zurich, Auguste-Piccard-Hof 1, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland
- Soft Matter Physics Group, Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, 1700, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Rachel Grange
- Optical Nanomaterial Group, Institute for Quantum Electronics, Department of Physics, ETH Zurich, Auguste-Piccard-Hof 1, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland
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122
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Kumar S, Li P, Zeng L, He J, Malomed BA. A solvable model for symmetry-breaking phase transitions. Sci Rep 2023; 13:13768. [PMID: 37612417 PMCID: PMC10447515 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-40704-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Analytically solvable models are benchmarks in studies of phase transitions and pattern-forming bifurcations. Such models are known for phase transitions of the second kind in uniform media, but not for localized states (solitons), as integrable equations which produce solitons do not admit intrinsic transitions in them. We introduce a solvable model for symmetry-breaking phase transitions of both the first and second kinds (alias sub- and supercritical bifurcations) for solitons pinned to a combined linear-nonlinear double-well potential, represented by a symmetric pair of delta-functions. Both self-focusing and defocusing signs of the nonlinearity are considered. In the former case, exact solutions are produced for symmetric and asymmetric solitons. The solutions explicitly demonstrate a switch between the symmetry-breaking transitions of the first and second kinds (i.e., sub- and supercritical bifurcations, respectively). In the self-defocusing model, the solution demonstrates the transition of the second kind which breaks antisymmetry of the first excited state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shatrughna Kumar
- Department of Physical Electronics, School of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, and Center for Light-Matter Interaction, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel
| | - Pengfei Li
- Department of Physics, Taiyuan Normal University, Jinzhong, 030619, China
| | - Liangwei Zeng
- Department of Basic Course, Guangzhou Maritime University, Guangzhou, 510725, China
| | - Jingsong He
- Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Boris A Malomed
- Department of Physical Electronics, School of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, and Center for Light-Matter Interaction, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel.
- Instituto de Alta Investigación, Universidad de Tarapacá, Casilla 7D, Arica, Chile.
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123
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Guo Z, Li J, Liu R, Yang Y, Wang C, Zhu X, He T. Spatially Correlated Chirality in Chiral Two-Dimensional Perovskites Revealed by Second-Harmonic-Generation Circular Dichroism Microscopy. Nano Lett 2023; 23:7434-7441. [PMID: 37552583 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c01863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the chiral mechanism of chiral hybrid perovskites is a prerequisite for developing relevant chiroptoelectronic applications. Although conventional circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy can be used to characterize chirality in chiral perovskites, it has a low signal-to-noise ratio and can provide only information about macroscopic chirality. Herein, with the aim of revealing the microscopic chiral mechanism in chiral perovskites, we utilize a spacer cation alloying strategy to construct chiral two-dimensional perovskites. For the first time, we demonstrate second-harmonic-generation CD microarea imaging in chiral perovskite thin films to unveil their spatially correlated chirality. In combination with theoretical calculations, it is revealed that the spatially correlated chirality is caused by localized out-of-plane supramolecular orientations. This work will not only advance the understanding of the mechanism of chiroptical activity in chiral perovskites but also provide inspiration for the rational design and synthesis of perovskites for chirality-related nonlinear optoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihang Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks, School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Junzi Li
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Rulin Liu
- School of Science and Engineering, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518172, China
| | - Yang Yang
- The Institute of Seawater Desalination and Multipurpose Utilization, Ministry of Natural Resources (Tianjin), Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Changshun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks, School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xi Zhu
- School of Science and Engineering, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518172, China
| | - Tingchao He
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
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124
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Yang J, Guidry MA, Lukin DM, Yang K, Vučković J. Inverse-designed silicon carbide quantum and nonlinear photonics. Light Sci Appl 2023; 12:201. [PMID: 37607918 PMCID: PMC10444789 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-023-01253-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
Inverse design has revolutionized the field of photonics, enabling automated development of complex structures and geometries with unique functionalities unmatched by classical design. However, the use of inverse design in nonlinear photonics has been limited. In this work, we demonstrate quantum and classical nonlinear light generation in silicon carbide nanophotonic inverse-designed Fabry-Pérot cavities. We achieve ultra-low reflector losses while targeting a pre-specified anomalous dispersion to reach optical parametric oscillation. By controlling dispersion through inverse design, we target a second-order phase-matching condition to realize second- and third-order nonlinear light generation in our devices, thereby extending stimulated parametric processes into the visible spectrum. This first realization of computational optimization for nonlinear light generation highlights the power of inverse design for nonlinear optics, in particular when combined with highly nonlinear materials such as silicon carbide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Yang
- E.L. Ginzton Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | - Daniil M Lukin
- E.L. Ginzton Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Kiyoul Yang
- E.L. Ginzton Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jelena Vučković
- E.L. Ginzton Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
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125
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Hong L, Liu L, Liu Y, Qian J, Feng R, Li W, Li Y, Peng Y, Leng Y, Li R, Li ZY. Intense ultraviolet-visible-infrared full-spectrum laser. Light Sci Appl 2023; 12:199. [PMID: 37607910 PMCID: PMC10444876 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-023-01256-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
A high-brightness ultrabroadband supercontinuum white laser is desirable for various fields of modern science. Here, we present an intense ultraviolet-visible-infrared full-spectrum femtosecond laser source (with 300-5000 nm 25 dB bandwidth) with 0.54 mJ per pulse. The laser is obtained by sending a 3.9 μm, 3.3 mJ mid-infrared pump pulse into a cascaded architecture of gas-filled hollow-core fiber, a bare lithium niobate crystal plate, and a specially designed chirped periodically poled lithium niobate crystal, under the synergic action of second and third order nonlinearities such as high harmonic generation and self-phase modulation. This full-spectrum femtosecond laser source can provide a revolutionary tool for optical spectroscopy and find potential applications in physics, chemistry, biology, material science, industrial processing, and environment monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihong Hong
- School of Physics and Optoelectronics, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510641, China
| | - Liqiang Liu
- School of Physics and Optoelectronics, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510641, China
| | - Yuanyuan Liu
- School of Physics and Optoelectronics, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510641, China
| | - Junyu Qian
- State Key Laboratory of High Field Laser Physics and CAS Center for Excellence in Ultra-intense Laser Science, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanic Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201800, China
| | - Renyu Feng
- State Key Laboratory of High Field Laser Physics and CAS Center for Excellence in Ultra-intense Laser Science, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanic Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201800, China
| | - Wenkai Li
- State Key Laboratory of High Field Laser Physics and CAS Center for Excellence in Ultra-intense Laser Science, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanic Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201800, China
| | - Yanyan Li
- State Key Laboratory of High Field Laser Physics and CAS Center for Excellence in Ultra-intense Laser Science, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanic Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201800, China
| | - Yujie Peng
- State Key Laboratory of High Field Laser Physics and CAS Center for Excellence in Ultra-intense Laser Science, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanic Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201800, China
| | - Yuxin Leng
- State Key Laboratory of High Field Laser Physics and CAS Center for Excellence in Ultra-intense Laser Science, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanic Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201800, China
| | - Ruxin Li
- State Key Laboratory of High Field Laser Physics and CAS Center for Excellence in Ultra-intense Laser Science, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanic Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201800, China.
| | - Zhi-Yuan Li
- School of Physics and Optoelectronics, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510641, China.
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126
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Shi J, Xu H, Heide C, HuangFu C, Xia C, de Quesada F, Shen H, Zhang T, Yu L, Johnson A, Liu F, Shi E, Jiao L, Heinz T, Ghimire S, Li J, Kong J, Guo Y, Lindenberg AM. Giant room-temperature nonlinearities in a monolayer Janus topological semiconductor. Nat Commun 2023; 14:4953. [PMID: 37587120 PMCID: PMC10432555 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40373-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonlinear optical materials possess wide applications, ranging from terahertz and mid-infrared detection to energy harvesting. Recently, the correlations between nonlinear optical responses and certain topological properties, such as the Berry curvature and the quantum metric tensor, have attracted considerable interest. Here, we report giant room-temperature nonlinearities in non-centrosymmetric two-dimensional topological materials-the Janus transition metal dichalcogenides in the 1 T' phase, synthesized by an advanced atomic-layer substitution method. High harmonic generation, terahertz emission spectroscopy, and second harmonic generation measurements consistently show orders-of-the-magnitude enhancement in terahertz-frequency nonlinearities in 1 T' MoSSe (e.g., > 50 times higher than 2H MoS2 for 18th order harmonic generation; > 20 times higher than 2H MoS2 for terahertz emission). We link this giant nonlinear optical response to topological band mixing and strong inversion symmetry breaking due to the Janus structure. Our work defines general protocols for designing materials with large nonlinearities and heralds the applications of topological materials in optoelectronics down to the monolayer limit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaojian Shi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - Haowei Xu
- Department of Nuclear Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Christian Heide
- Department of Applied Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - Changan HuangFu
- Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China
| | - Chenyi Xia
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - Felipe de Quesada
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - Hongzhi Shen
- School of Engineering, Westlake University, 310024, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tianyi Zhang
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Leo Yu
- E. L. Ginzton Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Amalya Johnson
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Fang Liu
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Enzheng Shi
- School of Engineering, Westlake University, 310024, Hangzhou, China
| | - Liying Jiao
- Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China
| | - Tony Heinz
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
- E. L. Ginzton Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Shambhu Ghimire
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - Ju Li
- Department of Nuclear Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Jing Kong
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Yunfan Guo
- Key Laboratory of Excited-State Materials of Zhejiang Province, Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Silicon and Advanced Semiconductor Materials, Zhejiang University, 310058, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Aaron M Lindenberg
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA.
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA.
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127
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Ren B, Arkhipova AA, Zhang Y, Kartashov YV, Wang H, Zhuravitskii SA, Skryabin NN, Dyakonov IV, Kalinkin AA, Kulik SP, Kompanets VO, Chekalin SV, Zadkov VN. Observation of nonlinear disclination states. Light Sci Appl 2023; 12:194. [PMID: 37558694 PMCID: PMC10412544 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-023-01235-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
Introduction of controllable deformations into periodic materials that lead to disclinations in their structure opens novel routes for construction of higher-order topological insulators hosting topological states at disclinations. Appearance of these topological states is consistent with the bulk-disclination correspondence principle, and is due to the filling anomaly that results in fractional charges to the boundary unit cells. So far, topological disclination states were observed only in the linear regime, while the interplay between nonlinearity and topology in the systems with disclinations has been never studied experimentally. We report here on the experimental observation of the nonlinear photonic disclination states in waveguide arrays with pentagonal or heptagonal disclination cores inscribed in transparent optical medium using the fs-laser writing technique. The transition between nontopological and topological phases in such structures is controlled by the Kekulé distortion coefficient r with topological phase hosting simultaneously disclination states at the inner disclination core and spatially separated from them corner-I, corner-II, and extended edge states at the outer edge of the structure. We show that the robust nonlinear disclination states bifurcate from their linear counterparts and that location of their propagation constants in the gap and, hence, their spatial localization can be controlled by their power. Nonlinear disclination states can be efficiently excited by Gaussian input beams, but only if they are focused into the waveguides belonging to the disclination core, where such topological states reside. Our results open new prospects for investigation of nonlinear effects in topological systems with disclinations and are relevant for different areas of science, including Bose-Einstein and polariton condensates, where potentials with the disclinations can be created.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boquan Ren
- Key Laboratory for Physical Electronics and Devices, Ministry of Education, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Antonina A Arkhipova
- Institute of Spectroscopy, Russian Academy of Sciences, Troitsk, Moscow, 108840, Russia
- Faculty of Physics, Higher School of Economics, Moscow, 105066, Russia
| | - Yiqi Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Physical Electronics and Devices, Ministry of Education, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China.
| | - Yaroslav V Kartashov
- Institute of Spectroscopy, Russian Academy of Sciences, Troitsk, Moscow, 108840, Russia.
| | - Hongguang Wang
- Key Laboratory for Physical Electronics and Devices, Ministry of Education, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Sergei A Zhuravitskii
- Institute of Spectroscopy, Russian Academy of Sciences, Troitsk, Moscow, 108840, Russia
- Quantum Technology Centre, Faculty of Physics, M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Nikolay N Skryabin
- Institute of Spectroscopy, Russian Academy of Sciences, Troitsk, Moscow, 108840, Russia
- Quantum Technology Centre, Faculty of Physics, M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Ivan V Dyakonov
- Quantum Technology Centre, Faculty of Physics, M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Alexander A Kalinkin
- Institute of Spectroscopy, Russian Academy of Sciences, Troitsk, Moscow, 108840, Russia
- Quantum Technology Centre, Faculty of Physics, M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Sergei P Kulik
- Quantum Technology Centre, Faculty of Physics, M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Victor O Kompanets
- Institute of Spectroscopy, Russian Academy of Sciences, Troitsk, Moscow, 108840, Russia
| | - Sergey V Chekalin
- Institute of Spectroscopy, Russian Academy of Sciences, Troitsk, Moscow, 108840, Russia
| | - Victor N Zadkov
- Institute of Spectroscopy, Russian Academy of Sciences, Troitsk, Moscow, 108840, Russia
- Faculty of Physics, Higher School of Economics, Moscow, 105066, Russia
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128
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Alo A, Barros LWT, Nagamine G, Lemus JC, Planelles J, Movilla JL, Climente JI, Lee HJ, Bae WK, Padilha LA. Beyond Universal Volume Scaling: Tailoring Two-Photon Absorption in Nanomaterials by Heterostructure Design. Nano Lett 2023; 23:7180-7187. [PMID: 37506366 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c02131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Colloidal semiconductor nanomaterials present broadband, with large cross-section, two-photon absorption (2PA) spectra, which turn them into an important platform for applications that benefit from a high nonlinear optical response. Despite that, to date, the only means to control the magnitude of the 2PA cross-section is by changing the nanoparticle volume, as it follows a universal volume scale, independent of the material composition. As the emission spectrum is connected utterly to the nanomaterial dimensions, for a given material, the magnitude of the nonlinear optical response is also coupled to the emission spectra. Here, we demonstrate a means to decouple both effects by exploring the 2PA response of different types of heterostructures, tailoring the volume dependence of the 2PA cross-section due to the different dependence of the density of final states on the nanoparticle volume. By heterostructure engineering, one can obtain 1 order of magnitude enhancement of the 2PA cross-section with minimum emission spectra shift.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur Alo
- Instituto de Fisica "Gleb Wataghin", Universidade Estadual de Campinas, UNICAMP, P.O. Box 6165, 13083-859 Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Leonardo W T Barros
- Instituto de Fisica "Gleb Wataghin", Universidade Estadual de Campinas, UNICAMP, P.O. Box 6165, 13083-859 Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Nagamine
- Instituto de Fisica "Gleb Wataghin", Universidade Estadual de Campinas, UNICAMP, P.O. Box 6165, 13083-859 Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jonathan C Lemus
- Instituto de Fisica "Gleb Wataghin", Universidade Estadual de Campinas, UNICAMP, P.O. Box 6165, 13083-859 Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Josep Planelles
- Departament de Química Física i Analítica, Universitat Jaume I, 12080, Castelló, Spain
| | - José L Movilla
- Departament d'Educació i Didàctiques Específiques, Universitat Jaume I, 12080, Castelló, Spain
| | - Juan I Climente
- Departament de Química Física i Analítica, Universitat Jaume I, 12080, Castelló, Spain
| | - Hak June Lee
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- SKKU Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology (SAINT), Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Wan Ki Bae
- SKKU Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology (SAINT), Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Lazaro A Padilha
- Instituto de Fisica "Gleb Wataghin", Universidade Estadual de Campinas, UNICAMP, P.O. Box 6165, 13083-859 Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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129
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Ghomashi B, Walker S, Becker A. Enabling elliptically polarized high harmonic generation with short cross polarized laser pulses. Sci Rep 2023; 13:12843. [PMID: 37553388 PMCID: PMC10409740 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-39814-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Enabling elliptically polarized high-order harmonics overcomes a historical limitation in the generation of this highly nonlinear process in atomic, molecular and optical physics with applications in other branches. Here, we shed new light on a controversy between experimental observations and theoretical predictions on the possibility to generate harmonics with large ellipticity using two bichromatic laser pulses which are linearly polarized in orthogonal directions. Results of numerical calculations confirm the previous experimental data that in short laser pulses even harmonics with large ellipticity can be obtained for the interaction of such cross-polarized laser pulses with atoms initially in a s- or p-state, while odd harmonics have low ellipticity. The amount of the ellipticity can be controlled via the relative carrier-envelope phase of the pulses, their intensity ratio and the duration of the pulses.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Ghomashi
- JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, 80309-0440, USA.
| | - S Walker
- JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, 80309-0440, USA
| | - A Becker
- JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, 80309-0440, USA
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130
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Pierangeli D, Perini G, Palmieri V, Grecco I, Friggeri G, De Spirito M, Papi M, DelRe E, Conti C. Extreme transport of light in spheroids of tumor cells. Nat Commun 2023; 14:4662. [PMID: 37537177 PMCID: PMC10400595 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40379-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Extreme waves are intense and unexpected wavepackets ubiquitous in complex systems. In optics, these rogue waves are promising as robust and noise-resistant beams for probing and manipulating the underlying material. Localizing large optical power is crucial especially in biomedical systems, where, however, extremely intense beams have not yet been observed. We here discover that tumor-cell spheroids manifest optical rogue waves when illuminated by randomly modulated laser beams. The intensity of light transmitted through bio-printed three-dimensional tumor models follows a signature Weibull statistical distribution, where extreme events correspond to spatially-localized optical modes propagating within the cell network. Experiments varying the input beam power and size indicate that the rogue waves have a nonlinear origin. We show that these nonlinear optical filaments form high-transmission channels with enhanced transmission. They deliver large optical power through the tumor spheroid, and can be exploited to achieve a local temperature increase controlled by the input wave shape. Our findings shed light on optical propagation in biological aggregates and demonstrate how nonlinear extreme event formation allows light concentration in deep tissues, paving the way to using rogue waves in biomedical applications, such as light-activated therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Pierangeli
- Institute for Complex Systems, National Research Council, Rome, 00185, Italy.
- Physics Department, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, 00185, Italy.
| | - Giordano Perini
- Neuroscience Department, University Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, 00168, Italy
- IRCSS, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli, Rome, 00168, Italy
| | - Valentina Palmieri
- Institute for Complex Systems, National Research Council, Rome, 00185, Italy
- Neuroscience Department, University Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, 00168, Italy
| | - Ivana Grecco
- Physics Department, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, 00185, Italy
| | - Ginevra Friggeri
- Neuroscience Department, University Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, 00168, Italy
- IRCSS, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli, Rome, 00168, Italy
| | - Marco De Spirito
- Neuroscience Department, University Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, 00168, Italy
- IRCSS, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli, Rome, 00168, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Papi
- Neuroscience Department, University Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, 00168, Italy.
- IRCSS, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli, Rome, 00168, Italy.
| | - Eugenio DelRe
- Physics Department, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, 00185, Italy
| | - Claudio Conti
- Physics Department, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, 00185, Italy
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131
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Limosani F, Tessore F, Forni A, Lembo A, Di Carlo G, Albanese C, Bellucci S, Tagliatesta P. Nonlinear Optical Properties of Zn(II) Porphyrin, Graphene Nanoplates, and Ferrocene Hybrid Materials. Materials (Basel) 2023; 16:5427. [PMID: 37570131 PMCID: PMC10419410 DOI: 10.3390/ma16155427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
Following some previous work by some of us on the second order nonlinear optical (NLO) properties of Zn(II) meso-tetraphenylporphyrin (ZnP), fullerene, and ferrocene (Fc) diads and triads, in the present research, we explore the NLO response of some new hybrids with two-dimensional graphene nanoplates (GNP) instead of a zero-dimensional fullerene moiety as the acceptor unit. The experimental data, collected by Electric Field Induced Second Harmonic generation (EFISH) technique in CH2Cl2 solution with a 1907 nm incident wavelength, combined with Coupled-Perturbed (CP) and Finite Field (FF) Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations, show a strongly enhanced contribution of the cubic electronic term γ(-2ω; ω, ω, 0), due to the extended π-conjugation of the carbonaceous acceptor moiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Limosani
- Department of Chemical Science and Technologies, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Rome, Italy; (F.L.); (A.L.); (P.T.)
| | - Francesca Tessore
- Department of Chemistry, University of Milan, Via C. Golgi 19, 20133 Milan, Italy; (G.D.C.); (C.A.)
| | - Alessandra Forni
- CNR-SCITEC, Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche “G. Natta”, Via Golgi 19, 20133 Milan, Italy;
| | - Angelo Lembo
- Department of Chemical Science and Technologies, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Rome, Italy; (F.L.); (A.L.); (P.T.)
| | - Gabriele Di Carlo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Milan, Via C. Golgi 19, 20133 Milan, Italy; (G.D.C.); (C.A.)
| | - Cecilia Albanese
- Department of Chemistry, University of Milan, Via C. Golgi 19, 20133 Milan, Italy; (G.D.C.); (C.A.)
| | - Stefano Bellucci
- INFN-National Laboratories of Frascati Via Enrico Fermi 54, 00044 Frascati, Italy;
| | - Pietro Tagliatesta
- Department of Chemical Science and Technologies, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Rome, Italy; (F.L.); (A.L.); (P.T.)
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132
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Park JS, Li C, Kim KH, Tang Y, Murphey CGE, Teitsworth TS, Kim S, Harutyunyan H, Cahoon JF. Optical Nonlinearity in Silicon Nanowires Enabled by Bound States in the Continuum. ACS Nano 2023. [PMID: 37314088 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c02558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Intense electromagnetic fields localized within resonant photonic nanostructures provide versatile opportunities for engineering nonlinear optical effects on a subwavelength scale. For dielectric structures, optical bound states in the continuum (BICs, resonant nonradiative modes that exist within the radiation continuum) are an emerging strategy to localize and intensify fields. Here, we report efficient second and third harmonic generation from Si nanowires (NWs) encoded with BIC and quasi-BIC resonances. In situ dopant modulation during vapor-liquid-solid NW growth was followed by wet-chemical etching to periodically modulate the diameter of the Si NWs and create cylindrically symmetric geometric superlattices (GSLs) with precisely defined axial and radial dimensions. By variation of the GSL structure, BIC and quasi-BIC resonant conditions were created to span visible and near-infrared optical frequencies. To probe the optical nonlinearity of these structures, we collected linear extinction spectra and nonlinear spectra from single-NW GSLs, demonstrating that quasi-BIC spectral positions at the fundamental frequency are directly correlated with enhanced harmonic generation at second and third harmonic frequencies. Interestingly, we find that deliberate geometric detuning from the BIC condition leads to a quasi-BIC resonance with maximal harmonic generation efficiency by providing a balance between the capacity to trap light and the capacity to couple to the external radiation continuum. Moreover, under focused illumination, as few as 30 geometric unit cells are required to achieve more than 90% of the approximate maximum theoretical efficiency of an infinite structure, indicating that nanostructures with projected areas smaller than ∼10 μm2 can support quasi-BICs for efficient harmonic generation. The results represent an important step toward the design of efficient harmonic generation at the nanoscale and further highlight the photonic utility of BICs at optical frequencies in ultracompact one-dimensional nanostructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Sung Park
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Chentao Li
- Department of Physics, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Kyoung-Ho Kim
- Department of Physics, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Yuankai Tang
- Department of Physics, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Corban G E Murphey
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Taylor S Teitsworth
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Seokhyoung Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Hayk Harutyunyan
- Department of Physics, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - James F Cahoon
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
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133
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Wu Q, Ruan R, Li X, Zhao Y, Li Y, Fang Y, Chen Y, Wu Q, Song Y, Wu X. Investigation of Broadband Optical Nonlinear Absorption and Transient Dynamics in Orange IV Containing Azobenzene. Molecules 2023; 28:4692. [PMID: 37375247 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28124692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2023] [Revised: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Broadband reverse saturable absorption is systematically investigated via Z-scan, transient absorption spectrum (TAS). The excited state absorption and negative refraction of Orange IV are observed in the Z-scan experiment at 532 nm. Meanwhile, two-photon-induced excited state absorption and pure two-photon absorption are observed at 600 nm and 700 nm with the pulse width of 190 fs, respectively. An ultrafast broadband absorption in the visible wavelength region is observed via TAS. The different nonlinear absorption mechanisms at multiple wavelengths are discussed and interpreted from the results of TAS. In addition, the ultrafast dynamics of negative refraction in the excited state of Orange IV are investigated via a degenerate phase object pump-probe, from which the weak long-lived excited state is extracted. All studies indicate that Orange IV has the potential to be further optimized into a superior broadband reverse saturable absorption material and also has certain reference significance for the study of optical nonlinearity in organic molecules containing azobenzene groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quanhua Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Heat Fluid Flow Technology and Energy Application, School of Physical Science and Technology, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China
| | - Rui Ruan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Heat Fluid Flow Technology and Energy Application, School of Physical Science and Technology, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China
| | - Xingxing Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Heat Fluid Flow Technology and Energy Application, School of Physical Science and Technology, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China
| | - Yujie Zhao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Heat Fluid Flow Technology and Energy Application, School of Physical Science and Technology, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China
| | - Yang Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Heat Fluid Flow Technology and Energy Application, School of Physical Science and Technology, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China
| | - Yu Fang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Heat Fluid Flow Technology and Energy Application, School of Physical Science and Technology, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China
| | - Yongqiang Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Heat Fluid Flow Technology and Energy Application, School of Physical Science and Technology, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China
| | - Quanying Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Heat Fluid Flow Technology and Energy Application, School of Physical Science and Technology, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China
| | - Yinglin Song
- Department of Physics, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
- Department of Physics, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Xingzhi Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Heat Fluid Flow Technology and Energy Application, School of Physical Science and Technology, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China
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134
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Wu X, Kong D, Hao S, Zeng Y, Yu X, Zhang B, Dai M, Liu S, Wang J, Ren Z, Chen S, Sang J, Wang K, Zhang D, Liu Z, Gui J, Yang X, Xu Y, Leng Y, Li Y, Song L, Tian Y, Li R. Generation of 13.9-mJ Terahertz Radiation from Lithium Niobate Materials. Adv Mater 2023; 35:e2208947. [PMID: 36932897 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202208947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 03/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Extremely strong-field terahertz (THz) radiation in free space has compelling applications in nonequilibrium condensed matter state regulation, all-optical THz electron acceleration and manipulation, THz biological effects, etc. However, these practical applications are constrained by the absence of high-intensity, high-efficiency, high-beam-quality, and stable solid-state THz light sources. Here, the generation of single-cycle 13.9-mJ extreme THz pulses from cryogenically cooled lithium niobate crystals and a 1.2% energy conversion efficiency from 800 nm to THz are demonstrated experimentally using the tilted pulse-front technique driven by a home-built 30-fs, 1.2-Joule Ti:sapphire laser amplifier. The focused peak electric field strength is estimated to be 7.5 MV cm-1 . A record of 1.1-mJ THz single-pulse energy at a 450 mJ pump at room temperature is produced and observed that the self-phase modulation of the optical pump can induce THz saturation behavior from the crystals in the substantially nonlinear pump regime. This study lays the foundation for the generation of sub-Joule THz radiation from lithium niobate crystals and will inspire more innovations in extreme THz science and applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojun Wu
- School of Electronic and Information Engineering, and School of Cyber Science and Technology, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China
- Zhangjiang Laboratory, 100 Haike Road, Shanghai, 201210, China
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Deyin Kong
- School of Electronic and Information Engineering, and School of Cyber Science and Technology, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China
- Zhangjiang Laboratory, 100 Haike Road, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Sibo Hao
- School of Electronic and Information Engineering, and School of Cyber Science and Technology, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Yushan Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of High Field Laser Physics and CAS Center for Excellence in Ultra-intense Laser Science, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201800, China
| | - Xieqiu Yu
- State Key Laboratory of High Field Laser Physics and CAS Center for Excellence in Ultra-intense Laser Science, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201800, China
| | - Baolong Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Mingcong Dai
- School of Electronic and Information Engineering, and School of Cyber Science and Technology, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Shaojie Liu
- School of Electronic and Information Engineering, and School of Cyber Science and Technology, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Jiaqi Wang
- School of Electronic and Information Engineering, and School of Cyber Science and Technology, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Zejun Ren
- School of Electronic and Information Engineering, and School of Cyber Science and Technology, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Sai Chen
- School of Electronic and Information Engineering, and School of Cyber Science and Technology, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Jianhua Sang
- State Key Laboratory of High Field Laser Physics and CAS Center for Excellence in Ultra-intense Laser Science, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201800, China
| | - Kang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of High Field Laser Physics and CAS Center for Excellence in Ultra-intense Laser Science, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201800, China
| | - Dongdong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of High Field Laser Physics and CAS Center for Excellence in Ultra-intense Laser Science, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201800, China
| | - Zhongkai Liu
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
- ShanghaiTech Laboratory for Topological Physics, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Jiayan Gui
- State Key Laboratory of High Field Laser Physics and CAS Center for Excellence in Ultra-intense Laser Science, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201800, China
| | - Xiaojun Yang
- State Key Laboratory of High Field Laser Physics and CAS Center for Excellence in Ultra-intense Laser Science, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201800, China
| | - Yi Xu
- State Key Laboratory of High Field Laser Physics and CAS Center for Excellence in Ultra-intense Laser Science, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201800, China
| | - Yuxin Leng
- State Key Laboratory of High Field Laser Physics and CAS Center for Excellence in Ultra-intense Laser Science, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201800, China
| | - Yutong Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Liwei Song
- State Key Laboratory of High Field Laser Physics and CAS Center for Excellence in Ultra-intense Laser Science, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201800, China
| | - Ye Tian
- State Key Laboratory of High Field Laser Physics and CAS Center for Excellence in Ultra-intense Laser Science, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201800, China
| | - Ruxin Li
- State Key Laboratory of High Field Laser Physics and CAS Center for Excellence in Ultra-intense Laser Science, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201800, China
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135
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Zygouri E, Stathis A, Couris S, Tangoulis V. Nanocomposites Based on Spin-Crossover Nanoparticles and Silica-Coated Gold Nanorods: A Nonlinear Optical Study. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28104200. [PMID: 37241938 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28104200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
A nanocomposite based on silica-coated AuNRs with the aminated silica-covered spin-crossover nanoparticles (SCO NPs) of the 1D iron(II) coordination polymer with the formula [Fe(Htrz)2(trz)](BF4) is presented. For the synthesis of the SCO NPs, the reverse micelle method was used, while the gold nanorods (AuNRs) were prepared with the aspect ratio AR = 6.0 using the seeded-growth method and a binary surfactant mixture composed of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) and sodium oleate (NaOL). The final nanocomposite was prepared using the heteroaggregation method of combining different amounts of SCO NPs with the AuNRs. The nonlinear optical (NLO) properties of the hybrid AuNRs coated with different amounts of SCO NPs were studied in detail by means of the Z-scan technique, revealing that the third-order NLO properties of the AuNRs@SCO are dependent on the amount of SCO NPs grafted onto them. However, due to the resonant nature of the excitation, SCO-induced NLO switching was not observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleni Zygouri
- Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece
| | - Aristeidis Stathis
- Department of Physics, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece
- Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences (ICE-HT), Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas (FORTH), 26504 Patras, Greece
| | - Stelios Couris
- Department of Physics, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece
- Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences (ICE-HT), Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas (FORTH), 26504 Patras, Greece
| | - Vassilis Tangoulis
- Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece
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136
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Li J, Xiao M. When the orbital degree of freedom meets higher-order topology. Light Sci Appl 2023; 12:102. [PMID: 37117164 PMCID: PMC10147909 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-023-01152-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The orbital degree of freedom (ODoF), which has a significant impact on exotic quantum states of matter and solid-state materials, has now been combined with higher-order topology. The experimental realization of a photonic p-orbital higher-order topological insulator can lead to exploring a wide range of novel topological phases involving the ODoF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiazheng Li
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-structures of Ministry of Education and School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Meng Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-structures of Ministry of Education and School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China.
- Wuhan Institute of Quantum Technology, Wuhan, 430206, China.
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137
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Papas D, Ou JY, Plum E, Zheludev NI. Microwatt Volatile Optical Bistability via Nanomechanical Nonlinearity. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2023:e2300042. [PMID: 37186378 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202300042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Metastable optically controlled devices (optical flip-flops) are needed in data storage, signal processing, and displays. Although nonvolatile memory relying on phase transitions in chalcogenide glasses has been widely used for optical data storage, beyond that, weak optical nonlinearities have hindered the development of low-power bistable devices. This work reports a new type of volatile optical bistability in a hybrid nano-optomechanical device, comprising a pair of anchored nanowires decorated with plasmonic metamolecules. The nonlinearity and bistability reside in the mechanical properties of the acoustically driven nanowires and are transduced to the optical response by reconfiguring the plasmonic metamolecules. The device can be switched between bistable optical states with microwatts of optical power and its volatile memory can be erased by removing the acoustic signal. The demonstration of hybrid nano-optomechanical bistability opens new opportunities to develop low-power optical bistable devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios Papas
- Optoelectronics Research Centre and Centre for Photonic Metamaterials, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Jun-Yu Ou
- Optoelectronics Research Centre and Centre for Photonic Metamaterials, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Eric Plum
- Optoelectronics Research Centre and Centre for Photonic Metamaterials, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Nikolay I Zheludev
- Optoelectronics Research Centre and Centre for Photonic Metamaterials, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
- Centre for Disruptive Photonic Technologies, SPMS, TPI, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
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138
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Boroviks S, Kiselev A, Achouri K, Martin OJF. Demonstration of a Plasmonic Nonlinear Pseudodiode. Nano Lett 2023; 23:3362-3368. [PMID: 37043888 PMCID: PMC10141562 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c00367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate a nonlinear plasmonic metasurface that exhibits strongly asymmetric second-harmonic generation: nonlinear scattering is efficient upon excitation in one direction, and it is substantially suppressed when the excitation direction is reversed, thus enabling a diode-like functionality. A significant (approximately 10 dB) extinction ratio of SHG upon opposite excitations is measured experimentally, and those findings are substantiated with full-wave simulations. This effect is achieved by employing a combination of two commonly used metals─aluminum and silver─producing a material composition asymmetry that results in a bianisotropic response of the system, as confirmed by performing homogenization analysis and extracting an effective susceptibility tensor. Finally, we discuss the implications of our results from the more fundamental perspectives of reciprocity and time-reversal asymmetry.
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139
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Wang H, Morshedi M, Kodikara M, de Coene Y, Clays K, Zhang C, Humphrey MG. Outstanding Quadratic to Septic Optical Nonlinearity at Dipolar Alkynylmetal-Porphyrin Hybrids. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023:e202301754. [PMID: 37095070 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202301754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
Abstract
Porphyrins are important macrocycles with applications in several areas including therapy, catalysis, and sensing. Strong nonlinear optical (NLO) responses are the key to fully exploiting the potential of these biocompatible molecules. We herein report that certain metal-alkynyl donor/nitro acceptor-functionalized porphyrins are attractive candidates for NLO applications. We show that specific examples exhibit record quadratic optical nonlinearity, exceptional two-photon absorption, and outstanding three-photon absorption, and we report the first porphyrins that exhibit four-photon absorption. The two-, three-, and four-photon absorption maxima are found at the corresponding multiples of linear absorption bands that time-dependent density functional theory assigns as admixtures of porphyrin-localized π* ß π and donor-porphyrin to porphyrin-acceptor charge-transfer transitions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Wang
- Australian National University, Research School of Chemistry, AUSTRALIA
| | - Mahbod Morshedi
- Australian National University, Research School of Chemistry, AUSTRALIA
| | | | - Yovan de Coene
- KU Leuven: Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Department of Chemistry, BELGIUM
| | - Koen Clays
- KU Leuven: Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Department of Chemistry, BELGIUM
| | - Chi Zhang
- Tongji University, School of Chemical Science and Engineering, CHINA
| | - Mark G Humphrey
- Australian National University, Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, ACT 2601, Canberra, AUSTRALIA
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140
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Steves M, Knappenberger KL. Distinguishing Single-Metal Nanoparticles with Subdiffraction Spatial Resolution Using Variable-Polarization Fourier Transform Nonlinear Optical Microscopy. Chem Biomed Imaging 2023; 1:91-98. [PMID: 37122832 PMCID: PMC10131489 DOI: 10.1021/cbmi.3c00008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
The development and use of interferometric variable-polarization Fourier transform nonlinear optical (vpFT-NLO) imaging to distinguish colloidal nanoparticles colocated within the optical diffraction limit is described. Using a collinear train of phase-stabilized pulse pairs with orthogonal electric field vectors, the polarization of nonlinear excitation fields are controllably modulated between linear, circular, and various elliptical states. Polarization modulation is achieved by precise control over the time delay separating the orthogonal pulse pairs to within hundreds of attoseconds. The resultant emission from gold nanorods is imaged to a 2D array detector and correlated to the excitation field polarization and plasmon resonance frequency by Fourier transformation. Gold nanorods with length-to-diameter aspect ratios of 2 support a longitudinal surface plasmon resonance at approximately 800 nm, which is resonant with the excitation fundamental carrier wavelength. Differences in the intrinsic linear and circular dichroism resulting from variation in their relative alignment with respect to the laboratory frame enable optical differentiation of nanorods separated within 50 nm, which is an approximate 5-fold improvement over the diffraction limit of the microscope. The experimental results are supported by analytical simulations. In addition to subdiffraction spatial resolution, the vpFT-NLO method intrinsically provides the polarization- and frequency-dependent resonance response of the nanoparticles-providing spectroscopic information content along with super-resolution imaging capabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kenneth L. Knappenberger
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
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141
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Pizzuto A, Ma P, Mittleman DM. Near-field terahertz nonlinear optics with blue light. Light Sci Appl 2023; 12:96. [PMID: 37072386 PMCID: PMC10113216 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-023-01137-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The coupling of terahertz optical techniques to scattering-type scanning near-field microscopy (s-SNOM) has recently emerged as a valuable new paradigm for probing the properties of semiconductors and other materials on the nanoscale. Researchers have demonstrated a family of related techniques, including terahertz nanoscopy (elastic scattering, based on linear optics), time-resolved methods, and nanoscale terahertz emission spectroscopy. However, as with nearly all examples of s-SNOM since the technique's inception in the mid-1990s, the wavelength of the optical source coupled to the near-field tip is long, usually at energies of 2.5 eV or less. Challenges in coupling of shorter wavelengths (i.e., blue light) to the nanotip has greatly inhibited the study of nanoscale phenomena in wide bandgap materials such as Si and GaN. Here, we describe the first experimental demonstration of s-SNOM using blue light. With femtosecond pulses at 410 nm, we generate terahertz pulses directly from bulk silicon, spatially resolved with nanoscale resolution, and show that these signals provide spectroscopic information that cannot be obtained using near-infrared excitation. We develop a new theoretical framework to account for this nonlinear interaction, which enables accurate extraction of material parameters. This work establishes a new realm of possibilities for the study of technologically relevant wide-bandgap materials using s-SNOM methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Pizzuto
- Department of Physics, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA.
| | - Pingchuan Ma
- School of Engineering, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
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142
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Yu S. Massively parallel chaos for LiDAR. Light Sci Appl 2023; 12:94. [PMID: 37069138 PMCID: PMC10110601 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-023-01136-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shaohua Yu
- Peng Cheng Laboratory, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
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143
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Cassingham M, Goh YG, McClure ET, Hodgkins TL, Zhang W, Liang M, Dawlaty JM, Djurovich PI, Haiges R, Halasyamani PS, Savory CN, Thompson ME, Melot BC. Polarizable Anionic Sublattices Can Screen Molecular Dipoles in Noncentrosymmetric Inorganic-Organic Hybrids. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2023; 15:18006-18011. [PMID: 36987567 PMCID: PMC10103049 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c20648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
We report the growth and photophysical characterization of two polar hybrid lead halide phases, methylenedianiline lead iodide and bromide, (MDA)Pb2I6 and (MDA)Pb2Br6, respectively. The phases crystallize in noncentrosymmetric space group Fdd2, which produces a highly oriented molecular dipole moment that gives rise to second harmonic generation (SHG) upon excitation at 1064 nm. While both compositions are isostructural, the size dependence of the SHG signal suggests that the bromide exhibits a stronger phase-matching response whereas the iodide exhibits a significantly weaker non-phase-matching signal. Similarly, fluorescence from (MDA)Pb2Br6 is observed around 630 nm below 75 K whereas only very weak luminescence from (MDA)Pb2I6 can be seen. We attribute the contrasting optical properties to differences in the character of the halide sublattice and postulate that the increased polarizability of the iodide ions acts to screen the local dipole moment, effectively reducing the local electric field in the crystals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan
A. Cassingham
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Yang G. Goh
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Eric T. McClure
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Taylor L. Hodgkins
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Weiguo Zhang
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204, United States
| | - Mingli Liang
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204, United States
| | - Jahan M. Dawlaty
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Peter I. Djurovich
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Ralf Haiges
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - P. Shiv Halasyamani
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204, United States
| | - Christopher N. Savory
- Department
of Chemistry and Thomas Young Centre, University
College London, London WC1H 0AJ, United
Kingdom
| | - Mark E. Thompson
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Brent C. Melot
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
- Mork
Family Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
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144
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Zhang J, Kang Y, Guo X, Li Y, Liu K, Xie Y, Wu H, Cai D, Gong J, Shi Z, Jin Y, Wang P, Fang W, Zhang L, Tong L. High-power continuous-wave optical waveguiding in a silica micro/nanofibre. Light Sci Appl 2023; 12:89. [PMID: 37029112 PMCID: PMC10082085 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-023-01109-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
As miniature fibre-optic platforms, micro/nanofibres (MNFs) taper-drawn from silica fibres have been widely studied for applications from optical sensing, nonlinear optics to optomechanics and atom optics. While continuous-wave (CW) optical waveguiding is frequently adopted, so far almost all MNFs are operated in low-power region (e.g., <0.1 W). Here, we demonstrate high-power low-loss CW optical waveguiding in MNFs around 1550-nm wavelength. We show that a pristine MNF, even with a diameter down to 410 nm, can waveguide an optical power higher than 10 W, which is about 30 times higher than demonstrated previously. Also, we predict an optical damage threshold of 70 W. In high-power CW waveguiding MNFs, we demonstrate high-speed optomechanical driving of microparticles in air, and second harmonic generation efficiency higher than those pumped by short pulses. Our results may pave a way towards high-power MNF optics, for both scientific research and technological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianbin Zhang
- Interdisciplinary Center for Quantum Information, State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, 310027, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yi Kang
- Interdisciplinary Center for Quantum Information, State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, 310027, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xin Guo
- Interdisciplinary Center for Quantum Information, State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, 310027, Hangzhou, China.
- Intelligent Optics & Photonics Research Center, Jiaxing Institute of Zhejiang University, 314000, Jiaxing, China.
| | - Yuhang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China.
| | - Keying Liu
- Interdisciplinary Center for Quantum Information, State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, 310027, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yu Xie
- Interdisciplinary Center for Quantum Information, State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, 310027, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hao Wu
- Interdisciplinary Center for Quantum Information, State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, 310027, Hangzhou, China
| | - Dawei Cai
- Interdisciplinary Center for Quantum Information, State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, 310027, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jue Gong
- Interdisciplinary Center for Quantum Information, State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, 310027, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhangxing Shi
- Interdisciplinary Center for Quantum Information, State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, 310027, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yingying Jin
- Interdisciplinary Center for Quantum Information, State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, 310027, Hangzhou, China
| | - Pan Wang
- Interdisciplinary Center for Quantum Information, State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, 310027, Hangzhou, China
- Intelligent Optics & Photonics Research Center, Jiaxing Institute of Zhejiang University, 314000, Jiaxing, China
| | - Wei Fang
- Interdisciplinary Center for Quantum Information, State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, 310027, Hangzhou, China
- Intelligent Optics & Photonics Research Center, Jiaxing Institute of Zhejiang University, 314000, Jiaxing, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Interdisciplinary Center for Quantum Information, State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, 310027, Hangzhou, China
- Research Center for Intelligent Sensing, Zhejiang Lab, 311121, Hangzhou, China
| | - Limin Tong
- Interdisciplinary Center for Quantum Information, State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, 310027, Hangzhou, China.
- Intelligent Optics & Photonics Research Center, Jiaxing Institute of Zhejiang University, 314000, Jiaxing, China.
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, 030006, Taiyuan, China.
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145
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Brès CS, Della Torre A, Grassani D, Brasch V, Grillet C, Monat C. Supercontinuum in integrated photonics: generation, applications, challenges, and perspectives. Nanophotonics 2023; 12:1199-1244. [PMID: 36969949 PMCID: PMC10031268 DOI: 10.1515/nanoph-2022-0749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Frequency conversion in nonlinear materials is an extremely useful solution to the generation of new optical frequencies. Often, it is the only viable solution to realize light sources highly relevant for applications in science and industry. In particular, supercontinuum generation in waveguides, defined as the extreme spectral broadening of an input pulsed laser light, is a powerful technique to bridge distant spectral regions based on single-pass geometry, without requiring additional seed lasers or temporal synchronization. Owing to the influence of dispersion on the nonlinear broadening physics, supercontinuum generation had its breakthrough with the advent of photonic crystal fibers, which permitted an advanced control of light confinement, thereby greatly improving our understanding of the underlying phenomena responsible for supercontinuum generation. More recently, maturing in fabrication of photonic integrated waveguides has resulted in access to supercontinuum generation platforms benefiting from precise lithographic control of dispersion, high yield, compact footprint, and improved power consumption. This Review aims to present a comprehensive overview of supercontinuum generation in chip-based platforms, from underlying physics mechanisms up to the most recent and significant demonstrations. The diversity of integrated material platforms, as well as specific features of waveguides, is opening new opportunities, as will be discussed here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille-Sophie Brès
- Photonic Systems Laboratory (PHOSL), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Alberto Della Torre
- Université de Lyon, Institut des Nanotechnologies de Lyon (INL) UMR CNRS 5270, Ecole Centrale de Lyon, 69131Ecully, France
| | - Davide Grassani
- Centre Suisse d’Electronique et de Microtechnique (CSEM), 2000Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | | | - Christian Grillet
- Université de Lyon, Institut des Nanotechnologies de Lyon (INL) UMR CNRS 5270, Ecole Centrale de Lyon, 69131Ecully, France
| | - Christelle Monat
- Université de Lyon, Institut des Nanotechnologies de Lyon (INL) UMR CNRS 5270, Ecole Centrale de Lyon, 69131Ecully, France
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146
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Yang X, Penn G, Yu LH, Huang X, Smaluk V, Shaftan T. Twin-pulse seeding enables pump-probe capabilities in the EUV to soft X-ray spectrum at synchrotron light sources. Sci Rep 2023; 13:5261. [PMID: 37002336 PMCID: PMC10066403 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-32496-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Having previously reported that separating the two stages of echo-enabled harmonic generation (EEHG) with one or more bending magnet (BM) sections allows the BMs to serve as the desired source of momentum compaction, here we demonstrate that this arrangement can greatly reduce the total energy modulation required by any 4th generation synchrotron light source, leading to higher repetition rates as well as stronger coherent radiation output power, with significant benefits. Since the EEHG beamline performance is mainly determined by the momentum compaction, beam emittances and beta functions of a storage ring lattice, allowing for different separations between the two stages is a straightforward way to increase the momentum compaction of chicane 1. This also enables pump-probe capabilities in a novel context, where twin-pulse seeding on the same electron bunch would allow two distinct radiation pulses with an adjustable delay in the range of 0.1 to 10 ps. In the twin-pulse seeding scheme, the same electron bunch could undergo modulation from two distinct laser pulses. Later stages would produce independent harmonics in subsequent straight sections. There are two variations of this twin-pulse seeding scheme, supporting different scientific applications. With a common modulation in stage 1, the first option allows simultaneously two independent radiation sources, with a full coverage of the EUV (2.5 to 50 nm) to soft X-ray (1.25 to 2.5 nm) spectrum; for the second option, the same stage 2 undulator could generate two coherent pulses both fitting within the FEL bandwidth, or at distinct harmonics. We present particle tracking simulation studies based on the APS-U lattice, including quantum excitation and radiation damping. These simulations indicate that there is no degradation of the modulated longitudinal phase space even when the two stages are separated by as many as 10 BM sections.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Yang
- National Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, 11973, USA.
| | - G Penn
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA.
| | - L H Yu
- National Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, 11973, USA
| | - X Huang
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - V Smaluk
- National Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, 11973, USA
| | - T Shaftan
- National Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, 11973, USA
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147
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Parto M, Leefmans C, Williams J, Nori F, Marandi A. Non-Abelian effects in dissipative photonic topological lattices. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1440. [PMID: 36922499 PMCID: PMC10017693 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37065-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Topology is central to phenomena that arise in a variety of fields, ranging from quantum field theory to quantum information science to condensed matter physics. Recently, the study of topology has been extended to open systems, leading to a plethora of intriguing effects such as topological lasing, exceptional surfaces, as well as non-Hermitian bulk-boundary correspondence. Here, we show that Bloch eigenstates associated with lattices with dissipatively coupled elements exhibit geometric properties that cannot be described via scalar Berry phases, in sharp contrast to conservative Hamiltonians with non-degenerate energy levels. This unusual behavior can be attributed to the significant population exchanges among the corresponding dissipation bands of such lattices. Using a one-dimensional example, we show both theoretically and experimentally that such population exchanges can manifest themselves via matrix-valued operators in the corresponding Bloch dynamics. In two-dimensional lattices, such matrix-valued operators can form non-commuting pairs and lead to non-Abelian dynamics, as confirmed by our numerical simulations. Our results point to new ways in which the combined effect of topology and engineered dissipation can lead to non-Abelian topological phenomena.
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Affiliation(s)
- Midya Parto
- Department of Electrical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Christian Leefmans
- Department of Applied Physics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - James Williams
- Department of Electrical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Franco Nori
- Theoretical Quantum Physics Laboratory, RIKEN, Wakoshi, Saitama, Japan.,RIKEN Center for Quantum Computing, Wakoshi, Saitama, Japan.,Department of Physics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Alireza Marandi
- Department of Electrical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA. .,Department of Applied Physics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA.
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148
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Li M, Wang Z, Ahmed B, Li Y, Wang H, Song Y, Song X, Kuang X, Luo J, Zhao S. A Second-Order Nonlinear Optical Material Consisting of Two π-Conjugated Groups. Chempluschem 2023; 88:e202300094. [PMID: 36905606 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202300094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
Abstract
This work reports a new second-order nonlinear optical (NLO) material [C(NH2 )3 ]3 C3 N3 S3 (GU3 TMT), consisting of π-conjugated planar (C3 N3 S3 )3- and triangular [C(NH2 )3 ]+ groups. Interestingly, GU3 TMT exhibits a large NLO response (2.0×KH2 PO4 ) and moderate birefringence 0.067 at wavelength 550 nm, even though (C3 N3 S3 )3- and [C(NH2 )3 ]+ do not exhibit the most favorable arrangement in the structure of GU3 TMT. First-principles calculations suggest that NLO properties mainly originate from the highly π-conjugated (C3 N3 S3 )3- rings, and the π-conjugated [C(NH2 )3 ]+ triangles contribute much less to the overall NLO response. This work will inspire new thoughts with in-depth on the role of π-conjugated groups in NLO crystals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minjuan Li
- College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350116, China
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, China
| | - Ziyi Wang
- College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350116, China
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, China
| | - Belal Ahmed
- Department of Chemistry, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet, 3114, Bangladesh
| | - Yanqiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, China
| | - Han Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, China
| | - Yipeng Song
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, China
| | - Xianyu Song
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, China
| | - Xiaojun Kuang
- College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, Jiangxi, 541004, China
| | - Junhua Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, China
- Fujian Science and Technology Innovation Laboratory for Optoelectronic Information of China, Fuzhou, 350108, China
| | - Sangen Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, China
- Fujian Science and Technology Innovation Laboratory for Optoelectronic Information of China, Fuzhou, 350108, China
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149
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Luo W, Whetten BG, Kravtsov V, Singh A, Yang Y, Huang D, Cheng X, Jiang T, Belyanin A, Raschke MB. Ultrafast Nanoimaging of Electronic Coherence of Monolayer WSe 2. Nano Lett 2023; 23:1767-1773. [PMID: 36827496 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c04536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Transition-metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) have demonstrated a wide range of novel photonic, optoelectronic, and correlated electron phenomena for more than a decade. However, the coherent dynamics of their excitons, including possibly long dephasing times and their sensitivity to spatial heterogeneities, are still poorly understood. Here we implement adiabatic plasmonic nanofocused four-wave mixing (FWM) to image the coherent electron dynamics in monolayer WSe2. We observe nanoscale heterogeneities at room temperature with dephasing ranging from T2 ≲ 5 to T2 ≳ 60 fs on length scales of 50-100 nm. We further observe a counterintuitive anticorrelation between FWM intensity and T2, with the weakest FWM emission at locations of longest coherence. We interpret this behavior as a nonlocal nano-optical interplay between spatial coherence of the nonlinear polarization and disorder-induced scattering. The results highlight the challenges associated with heterogeneities in TMDs limiting their photophysical properties, yet also the potential of their novel nonlinear optical phenomena.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjin Luo
- MOE Key Laboratory of Advanced Micro-Structured Materials, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Digital Optics, Institute of Precision Optical Engineering, and School of Physics Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, People's Republic of China
- Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Benjamin G Whetten
- Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Vasily Kravtsov
- School of Physics and Engineering, ITMO University, Saint Petersburg 197101, Russia
| | - Ashutosh Singh
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Yibo Yang
- Department of Computer Science, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Di Huang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Advanced Micro-Structured Materials, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Digital Optics, Institute of Precision Optical Engineering, and School of Physics Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinbin Cheng
- MOE Key Laboratory of Advanced Micro-Structured Materials, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Digital Optics, Institute of Precision Optical Engineering, and School of Physics Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Jiang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Advanced Micro-Structured Materials, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Digital Optics, Institute of Precision Optical Engineering, and School of Physics Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, People's Republic of China
| | - Alexey Belyanin
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Markus B Raschke
- Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
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150
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Kim AS, Taghinejad M, Goswami A, Raju L, Lee K, Cai W. Tailored Dispersion of Spectro-Temporal Dynamics in Hot-Carrier Plasmonics. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2023; 10:e2205434. [PMID: 36658727 PMCID: PMC10015883 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202205434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 12/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Ultrafast optical switching in plasmonic platforms relies on the third-order Kerr nonlinearity, which is tightly linked to the dynamics of hot carriers in nanostructured metals. Although extensively utilized, a fundamental understanding on the dependence of the switching dynamics upon optical resonances has often been overlooked. Here, all-optical control of resonance bands in a hybrid photonic-plasmonic crystal is employed as an empowering technique for probing the resonance-dependent switching dynamics upon hot carrier formation. Differential optical transmission measurements reveal an enhanced switching performance near the anti-crossing point arising from strong coupling between local and nonlocal resonance modes. Furthermore, entangled with hot-carrier dynamics, the nonlinear correspondence between optical resonances and refractive index change results in tailorable dispersion of recovery speeds which can notably deviate from the characteristic lifetime of hot carriers. The comprehensive understanding provides new protocols for optically characterizing hot-carrier dynamics and optimizing resonance-based all-optical switches for operations across the visible spectrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew S. Kim
- School of Electrical and Computer EngineeringGeorgia Institute of TechnologyAtlantaGA30332USA
| | - Mohammad Taghinejad
- School of Electrical and Computer EngineeringGeorgia Institute of TechnologyAtlantaGA30332USA
| | - Anjan Goswami
- School of Electrical and Computer EngineeringGeorgia Institute of TechnologyAtlantaGA30332USA
| | - Lakshmi Raju
- School of Electrical and Computer EngineeringGeorgia Institute of TechnologyAtlantaGA30332USA
| | - Kyu‐Tae Lee
- School of Electrical and Computer EngineeringGeorgia Institute of TechnologyAtlantaGA30332USA
| | - Wenshan Cai
- School of Electrical and Computer EngineeringGeorgia Institute of TechnologyAtlantaGA30332USA
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringGeorgia Institute of TechnologyAtlantaGA30332USA
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