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Tanpong S, Cherdthong A, Tengjaroenkul B, Reungsang A, Sutthibak N, Wongtangtintharn S. A study on citric acid by-product as an energy source for Japanese quail. Trop Anim Health Prod 2021; 53:474. [PMID: 34553270 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-021-02920-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The increasing worldwide production of citric acid by the fermentation of substrates for use as a flavoring and a preservative in foods has resulted in the generation of large amounts of waste and by-products from fermented. There is a challenge to reduce the waste from these products by using them as animal feed. An experiment was conducted to study the utilization of citric acid by-products (CABP) as a feed ingredient in Japanese quail diets. A total of 560 1-day-old quail chicks were randomly distributed into five groups, with CABP included at 0, 3, 6, 9, and 12% of the diets. Each treatment had four replicate pens of 28 birds per pen throughout the 42-day trial period. CABP inclusion at 9 or 12% of the diet, respectively, resulted in a decrease in feed intake of 5.90 and 9.52%, body weight of 5.67 and 9.16%, and body weight gain of 5.44 and 9.97%, compared with the control diet (p < 0.05). Carcass traits and relative organ weights were not significantly different among the treatments (p > 0.05). The 12% CABP group showed a decrease in the digestibility of crude protein and apparent metabolizable energy, but there was an increase in the amount of crude fiber compared with the control diet (p < 0.05). The utilization of CABP in diets can reduce feed costs leading to increased investment returns. In conclusion, CABP can be included at up to 6% of quail diets without significant effects on growth performance or nutrient digestibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sirisak Tanpong
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | - Anusorn Cherdthong
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | - Bundit Tengjaroenkul
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | - Alissara Reungsang
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Technology, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
- Academy of Science, Royal Society of Thailand, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Natthawut Sutthibak
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Art and Science, Roi-Et Rajabhat University, Roi-et, 45120, Thailand
| | - Sawitree Wongtangtintharn
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand.
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152
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Adeoye AO, Lateef A. Biotechnological valorization of cashew apple juice for the production of citric acid by a local strain of Aspergillus niger LCFS 5. J Genet Eng Biotechnol 2021; 19:137. [PMID: 34533689 PMCID: PMC8448800 DOI: 10.1186/s43141-021-00232-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Background This work investigates the production of citric acid from cashew apple juice, an abundant waste in the processing of cashew, using a local strain of Aspergillus niger and the application of the citric acid as a coagulant for the production of soy cheese. Fungal isolates were obtained from a cashew plantation in Ogbomoso, Nigeria, using potato dextrose agar. Further screening was undertaken to determine the qualitative strength of acid production by the fungi on Czapek-Dox agar supplemented with bromocresol green, with the development of yellow zone taken as an indication of citric acid production. Thereafter, the best producing strain was cultivated in a cashew apple juice medium. Results Out of 150 fungal isolates generated from the cashew plantation, 92 (61.3%), 44 (29.3%) and 14 (9.3%) were obtained from cashew fruits, soil and cashew tree surfaces, respectively. Different strains of fungi isolated include Aspergillus niger, A. flavus, A. foetidus, A. heteromorphus, A. nidulans and A. viridinutans. The isolates produced yellow zonation of 0.4–5.5 cm on modified Czapek-Dox agar; the highest was observed for a strain of A. niger LCFS 5, which was identified using molecular tools. In the formulated cashew apple juice medium, the citric acid yield of LCFS 5 ranged 16.0–92.8 g/l with the peak obtained on the 10th day of fermentation. The citric acid produced was recovered using the double precipitation method with Ca(OH)2 and H2SO4 having ≈ 70% purity of citric acid on HPLC. The citric acid acted as a coagulant to produce soy cheese with 66.67% acceptability by panelists. Conclusion This work has extended the frontiers of valorization of cashew waste by a strain of A. niger to produce citric acid in high yield, with potential application in food industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adekunle Olusegun Adeoye
- Department of Food Science, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, PMB, 4000, Ogbomoso, Nigeria
| | - Agbaje Lateef
- Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology and Nanobiotechnology, Department of Pure and Applied Biology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, PMB, 4000, Ogbomoso, Nigeria.
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153
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Wilkoński W, Jamróz-Wilkońska L, Zapotoczny S, Opiła J, Grandino L. Real-time co-site optical microscopy study on the morphological changes of the dentine's surface after citric acid and sodium hypochlorite: a single-tooth model. BMC Oral Health 2021; 21:454. [PMID: 34535105 PMCID: PMC8449479 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-021-01815-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To this day, the effects of sodium hypochlorite and chelating agents on the smear layer and on the dentine's surface, remain not fully examined. The study is aimed to analyze the dentine's surface treated with 40% citric acid and 5.25% sodium hypochlorite according to two irrigation protocols. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study employed a computer-controlled Nikon Eclipse LV100 optical microscope. Ten roots split longitudinally with canals prepared mechanically using the MTwo system to a size of 40/04 were observed. The root halves were divided into two study groups, one half in each of the groups. According to two irrigation protocols, the dentine's surface was irrigated with 40% citric acid and 5.25% sodium hypochlorite, separated with water. Dentine surface was observed in a fixed place and photographed in 500 × magnification after each irrigation stage. The obtained images were then analyzed using computer software (NIS-Elements AR, GIMP-2.6, ImageJ 1.45s). RESULTS Various speed of removal of the smear layer and varied morphological changes of the dentine's surface were observed in both examined groups. Double irrigation of the dentine with citric acid for 30 s resulted in complete removal of the smear layer, and double irrigation for 60 s resulted in increased mean diameter of the dentine tubules (degradation of the dentine's surface). CONCLUSIONS Double alternating irrigation with citric acid and sodium hypochlorite for 30 s yielded satisfactory results, while double irrigation for 60 s resulted in increased mean diameter of the dentine tubules. A real time assessment of the dentine's surface changes after both tested solutions can improve understanding of the phenomena that occur during the irrigation and as a result it might help to improve clinical outcomes in root canal treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wojciech Wilkoński
- Research Department of the Polish Endodontic Association, Kielce, Poland.
| | | | - Szczepan Zapotoczny
- Faculty of Chemistry of the Jagiellonian University, ul. Gronostajowa 2, 30-387, Kraków, Poland
| | - Janusz Opiła
- Chair of Applied IT of the Faculty of Management of AGH University of Science and Technology, Kraków, Poland
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154
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Setiawan WK, Chiang KY. Eco-friendly rice husk pre-treatment for preparing biogenic silica: Gluconic acid and citric acid comparative study. Chemosphere 2021; 279:130541. [PMID: 33873070 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.130541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 03/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Carboxylic acid leaching has been established eco-friendly pre-treatment method for producing biogenic silica (BSi) from rice husk. The most urgent issue is for carboxylic acid to promote new readily biodegradable acids and enhance carboxylic acid sustainability in BSi preparation. This research investigates gluconic acid (GA) applicability for biogenic silica preparation from rice husk compared with citric acid (CA). The results demonstrated that GA was preferable to CA on BSi recovery with 89.91% efficiency. Although GA leaching promoted slightly higher silica loss, the primary metal alkali impurities, such as K2O, Na2O, and Al2O3, were effectively removed at 92-93%, 89-93%, 95-97%, respectively. The combination effect of silica loss and high removal impurities resulted in lower rice husk thermal decomposition activation energy. The characteristics of BSi prepared by GA leaching were comparable with CA leaching, mainly mesoporous with 114.06 m2/g of specific surface area and 0.23 cm3/g of the pore volume. In addition, GA leaching was environmentally better than CA leaching, indicated by minor contribution to all environmental impact indices. The findings suggested that GA could be a potential replacement for prevalent carboxylic acids in BSi preparation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wahyu Kamal Setiawan
- Graduate Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Central University, No. 300, Chung-Da Road., Chung-Li District, Tao-Yuan City, 32001, Taiwan
| | - Kung-Yuh Chiang
- Graduate Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Central University, No. 300, Chung-Da Road., Chung-Li District, Tao-Yuan City, 32001, Taiwan.
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155
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Wang X, Li X, Peng L, Han S, Hao C, Jiang C, Wang H, Fan X. Effective removal of heavy metals from water using porous lignin-based adsorbents. Chemosphere 2021; 279:130504. [PMID: 33892455 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.130504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Multifunctional composite materials are the key to improving removal capacity and environmental utility. Here, the adsorbent (SLCA) was obtained by free-radical polymerization of acrylic acid with sodium lignosulfonate and citric acid. FTIR, SEM, TGA and XPS characterization methods were used to prove the structure and properties of SLCA adsorbents. The maximum uptake capacities of the optimized SLCA adsorbent is 276 mg g-1 of Cu2+ and 323 mg g-1 of Pb2+, respectively. The Langmuir isotherm and the second-order kinetic model were established to illustrate that the capture of Cu2+ and Pb2+ by the adsorbent belongs to chemisorption on the monolayer. XPS analysis confirmed that complexation and electrostatic attraction are the mechanism of pollutant removal. Not only that, as-resulting adsorbent revealed no significant adsorption cycle efficiency reduction even after 5 runs of sorption-desorption cycle, manifesting that it is of great stability and could be regarded as a promising candidate adsorbent. The purpose of this research was to develop a green lignin-based adsorbent with strong environmental protection and regeneration ability based on cheap polyacrylic resin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan, 250353, China; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212013, China
| | - Xin Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212013, China
| | - Lili Peng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212013, China
| | - Shiqi Han
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212013, China
| | - Chen Hao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212013, China.
| | - Chenglong Jiang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212013, China
| | - Huili Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan, 250353, China.
| | - Xiangbo Fan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212013, China
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156
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Shemshaki G, Murthy ASN, Malini SS. Assessment and Establishment of Correlation between Reactive Oxidation Species, Citric Acid, and Fructose Level in Infertile Male Individuals: A Machine-Learning Approach. J Hum Reprod Sci 2021; 14:129-136. [PMID: 34316227 PMCID: PMC8279050 DOI: 10.4103/jhrs.jhrs_26_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Biochemical complexity of seminal plasma and obesity has an important role in male infertility (MI); so far, it has not been possible to provide evidence of clinical significance for all of them. Aims: Our goal here is to evaluate the correlation between biochemical markers with semen parameters, which might play a role in MI. Study Setting and Design: We enlisted 100 infertile men as patients and 50 fertile men as controls to evaluate the sperm parameters and biochemical markers in ascertaining MI. Materials and Methods: Semen analyses, seminal fructose, citric acid, and reactive oxidation species (ROS) were measured in 100 patients and 50 controls. Statistical Analysis: Descriptive statistics, an independent t-test, Pearson correlation, and machine-learning approaches were used to integrate the various biochemical and seminal parameters measured to quantify the inter-relatedness between these measurements. Results: Pearson correlation results showed a significant positive correlation between body mass index (BMI) and fructose levels. Citric acid had a positive correlation with sperm count, morphology, motility, and volume but displayed a negative correlation with BMI and basal metabolic rate (BMR). However, BMI and BMR had a positive correlation with ROS. Sperm count, morphology, and motility were negative correlations with ROS. The machine-learning approach detected that pH was the most critical parameter with an inverse effect on citric acid, and BMI and motility were the most critical parameter for ROS. Conclusion: We recommend that evaluation of biochemical markers of seminal fluid may benefit in understanding the etiology of MI based on the functionality of accessory glands and ROS levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Golnaz Shemshaki
- Department of Studies in Zoology, University of Mysore, Mysore, Karnataka, India
| | | | - Suttur S Malini
- Department of Studies in Zoology, University of Mysore, Mysore, Karnataka, India
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157
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Lipatova IM, Yusova AA. Effect of mechanical activation on starch crosslinking with citric acid. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 185:688-695. [PMID: 34174309 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.06.139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this research was to investigate the influence of mechanical activation in a rotor-stator device on starch crosslinking with citric acid and the properties of the films obtained by the casting method. Two methods of preparation of the casting hydrogels were used: involving the introduction of chemical reagents before and after the mechanical activation. The films from the initial and mechanically activated hydrogels were characterized using optical and AFM microscopy, X-ray diffraction and FTIR-spectroscopy. The di-esterification degree, opacity, tensile properties and moisture resistance of the films were also studied. Mechanical activation of the starch hydrogels made it possible to make the films smoother and more transparent and to increase their tensile strength and moisture resistance. Pre-activation of the hydrogels without reagents showed better film performance than activation in the presence of citric acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- I M Lipatova
- G.A. Krestov Institute of Solution Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 1 Akademicheskaya St., Ivanovo 153045, Russia
| | - A A Yusova
- G.A. Krestov Institute of Solution Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 1 Akademicheskaya St., Ivanovo 153045, Russia.
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158
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Antosova A, Gancar M, Bednarikova Z, Marek J, Zahn D, Dutz S, Gazova Z. Surface-modified magnetite nanoparticles affect lysozyme amyloid fibrillization. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2021; 1865:129941. [PMID: 34090976 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2021.129941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The surface of nanoparticles (NPs) is an important factor affecting the process of poly/peptides' amyloid aggregation. We have investigated the in vitro effect of trisodium citrate (TC), gum arabic (GA) and citric acid (CA) surface-modified magnetite nanoparticles (COAT-MNPs) on hen egg-white lysozyme (HEWL) amyloid fibrillization and mature HEWL fibrils. METHODS Dynamic light scattering (DLS) was used to characterize the physico-chemical properties of studied COAT-MNPs and determine the adsorption potential of their surface towards HEWL. The anti-amyloid properties were studied using thioflavin T (ThT) and tryptophan (Trp) intrinsic fluorescence assays, and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The morphology of amyloid aggregates was analyzed using Gwyddion software. The cytotoxicity of COAT-MNPs was determined utilizing Trypan blue (TB) assay. RESULTS Agents used for surface modification affect the COAT-MNPs physico-chemical properties and modulate their anti-amyloid potential. The results from ThT and intrinsic fluorescence showed that the inhibitory activities result from the more favorable interactions of COAT-MNPs with early pre-amyloid species, presumably reducing nuclei and oligomers formation necessary for amyloid fibrillization. COAT-MNPs also possess destroying potential, which is presumably caused by the interaction with hydrophobic residues of the fibrils, resulting in the interruption of an interface between β-sheets stabilizing the amyloid fibrils. CONCLUSION COAT-MNPs were able to inhibit HEWL fibrillization and destroy mature fibrils with different efficacy depending on their properties, TC-MNPs being the most potent nanoparticles. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE The study reports findings regarding the general impact of nanoparticles' surface modifications on the amyloid aggregation of proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Antosova
- Department of Biophysics, Institute of Experimental Physics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Košice, Slovakia
| | - M Gancar
- Department of Biophysics, Institute of Experimental Physics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Košice, Slovakia
| | - Z Bednarikova
- Department of Biophysics, Institute of Experimental Physics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Košice, Slovakia
| | - J Marek
- Department of Biophysics, Institute of Experimental Physics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Košice, Slovakia
| | - D Zahn
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Informatics (BMTI), Technische Universität Ilmenau, Ilmenau, Germany
| | - S Dutz
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Informatics (BMTI), Technische Universität Ilmenau, Ilmenau, Germany
| | - Z Gazova
- Department of Biophysics, Institute of Experimental Physics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Košice, Slovakia.
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159
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Basit A, Farhan M, Mo WD, Ding HX, Ikram M, Farooq T, Ahmed S, Yang ZF, Wang Y, Hashem M, Alamri S, Amjad Bashir M, El-Zohri M. Enhancement of resistance by poultry manure and plant hormones (salicylic acid & citric acid) against tobacco mosaic virus. Saudi J Biol Sci 2021; 28:3526-3533. [PMID: 34121895 PMCID: PMC8176140 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Virus is the most menacing factor for plant, which causes enormous economic losses in agriculture worldwide. Tobacco mosaic virus is most hazardous virus among the plants that can spread through biological and non-biological sources. TMV is ancient virus that causes huge economic losses to pepper cucumber ornamental crops and tobacco. It can be controlled by reducing the population of vector through pesticide application. However, the rapid usage of synthetic chemicals causes environmental pollution and destroys our ecosystem. Consequently, different approaches just like natural derivatives should be adopted for the environmental friendly management for TMV. This in vitro study demonstrated the potential role of natural metabolites such as poultry manure and plant extracts such as salicylic acid and citric acid for the control of TMV. Two different concentrations of poultry manure 60G and 30G were used. Poultry manure was mixed with the soil at the time of sowing. Disease severity was minimum at maximum concentration as compared to the control. Meanwhile, two different concentrations of salicylic acid and citric acid 60% and 90% were applied by foliar sprayer after three-leaf stages. Disease severity was observed after 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, and 30 days after disease inoculation. Here also maximum concentration showed the minimum disease severity and higher concentration of both animal and plants extracts were used for following experiment. Quantitative real-time PCR (RT-qPCR) results demonstrated that different plant defense-related genes such as PR1a, PAL, PR5, NPR1, PRIb, and PDF1.2 were up-regulated. Furthermore, applications of each treatment-induced systemic resistance against a wide range of pathogen including TMV and fungal pathogen Botrytis cinerea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Basit
- Department of Plant Pathology, Agriculture College, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Muhammad Farhan
- Department of Plant Pathology, Agriculture College, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Wei-Di Mo
- Department of Plant Pathology, Agriculture College, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Hai-Xia Ding
- Department of Plant Pathology, Agriculture College, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Muhammad Ikram
- Statistical Genomic Lab, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Tariq Farooq
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences Huazhong Agricultural University Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Sohail Ahmed
- Department of Entomology, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Zai-Fu Yang
- Department of Plant Pathology, Agriculture College, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Yong Wang
- Department of Plant Pathology, Agriculture College, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Mohamed Hashem
- King Khalid University, College of Science, Department of Biology, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia
- Assiut University, Faculty of Science, Botany and Microbiology Department, Assiut 71516, Egypt
| | - Saad Alamri
- King Khalid University, College of Science, Department of Biology, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Amjad Bashir
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Ghazi University Dera Ghazi Khan Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Manal El-Zohri
- Assiut University, Faculty of Science, Botany and Microbiology Department, Assiut 71516, Egypt
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160
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Liu W, Du H, Liu K, Liu H, Xie H, Si C, Pang B, Zhang X. Sustainable preparation of cellulose nanofibrils via choline chloride- citric acid deep eutectic solvent pretreatment combined with high-pressure homogenization. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 267:118220. [PMID: 34119174 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.118220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Developing green and simple methods for the preparation of cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) is of great significance. Herein, a green deep eutectic solvent (DES) system based on choline chloride (ChCl) and citric acid (CA) is employed to pretreat cellulose fibers for the preparation of CNFs. The effect of the pretreatment temperature on the chemo-physical properties of the CNFs is comprehensively investigated. A high CNFs yield of up to 84.19% can be achieved under optimized conditions. The optimal CNFs show a narrow diameter distribution and length up to several microns, high crystallinity and thermal stability, as well as excellent dispersibility in water. Furthermore, semi-transparent and flexible cellulose nanopaper (CNP) was fabricated through a facile vacuum filtration process. The optimal CNP shows high tensile strength (175.15 MPa) and toughness (7.51 MJ/m3). Therefore, this work provides a sustainable and facile approach to fabricate CNFs and CNP, which can be potentially used for various high-tech applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Haishun Du
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Kun Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Huayu Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Hongxiang Xie
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Chuanling Si
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China.
| | - Bo Pang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China.
| | - Xinyu Zhang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA.
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161
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Rocha LM, Campanhol BS, Bastos RG. Solid-State Cultivation of Aspergillus niger-Trichoderma reesei from Sugarcane Bagasse with Vinasse in Bench Packed-Bed Column Bioreactor. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2021. [PMID: 33999390 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-021-03579-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Solid-state cultivation (SSC) is microbial growth on solid supports under limited water conditions. Citric acid is a microbial aerobic metabolic product with several industrial applications, with production potential that can be obtained by SSF. Several wastes from agro-industries are used in SSF, such as sugarcane bagasse and vinasse. Cultures of mixed fungi or co-cultures are used in this SSF in order to complement the inoculum's xylanolytic enzymes for action on the lignocellulosic material (bagasse). Thus, this study aims to evaluate the effect of inoculum (Aspergillus niger and Trichoderma reesei consortium) in the production of citric acid from sugarcane bagasse impregnated with vinasse using bench packed-bed reactors (PBR). The results show the importance of T. reesei and A. niger in inoculum at a ratio of 50:50 and 25:75, suggesting the use of solid support due to the complementation of the hydrolytic enzymes. The highest concentration of citric acid, approximately 1000 mg L-1, was obtained for 100 mm of bed height in 48 and 72 h, with maximum glucose yield in citric acid (2.2 mg citric acid mg glucose-1). kLa indicates that maintaining solid moisture and liquid film thickness is important to keep the oxygen transfer in SSC.
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162
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Pereira S, Hernandez Salazar LT, Laska M. Taste-induced facial responses in black-handed spider monkeys (Ateles geoffroyi). Behav Processes 2021; 188:104417. [PMID: 33971248 DOI: 10.1016/j.beproc.2021.104417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Taste-induced facial expressions are thought to reflect the hedonic valence of an animal's gustatory experience. We therefore assessed taste-induced facial responses in six black-handed spider monkeys (Ateles geoffroyi) to water, sucrose, caffeine, citric acid and aspartame, representing the taste qualities sweet, bitter, and sour, respectively. We decided not to include salty-tasting substances as the concentrations of such tastants found in the fruits consumed by spider monkeys are below their taste preference threshold. We found that the monkeys displayed significant differences in their facial responses between substances, with significantly higher frequencies of licking, sucking, closed eyes, tongue protruding, mouth gaping and lip smacking in response to sucrose, a presumably pleasant stimulus. The response to caffeine and citric acid, in contrast, yielded the lowest frequencies of these behaviors, but the highest frequency of withdrawals from the stimulus, suggesting these substances are perceived as unpleasant. Lip stretching, a newly described behavior, was performed significantly more often in response to caffeine than to any other substance, suggesting an association with the response to bitter taste. The facial response to the artificial sweetener aspartame was generally similar to the response to water, corroborating the notion that Platyrrhines may be unable to detect its sweetness. Overall, the present study supports the idea of similarity of taste-induced facial responses in non-hominoid primates and humans, suggesting these displays to be evolutionarily conserved across the primate order.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Pereira
- IFM Biology, Linköping University, SE-581 83, Linköping, Sweden
| | | | - Matthias Laska
- IFM Biology, Linköping University, SE-581 83, Linköping, Sweden.
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163
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Lei Q, Kannan S, Raghavan V. Uncatalyzed and acid-aided microwave hydrothermal carbonization of orange peel waste. Waste Manag 2021; 126:106-118. [PMID: 33743337 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2021.02.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Orange, one of the most important fruit categories to be consumed across the world, when processed produces 50% of its weight as waste. Current waste management options for orange peel waste are inadequate to use the waste in wholesome and its disposal might lead to other environmental concerns. Here, we present microwave hydrothermal carbonization as an alternative to utilize the orange peel waste. Further, using citric acid to catalyze the microwave hydrothermal carbonization resulted in 30% higher maximal yield of hydrochar, and the hydrochar produced had better elemental, proximate and energy properties than hydrochar made during uncatalyzed microwave hydrothermal carbonization. Further, structural analysis revealed that citric acid promoted the formation of nanospheres during microwave hydrothermal carbonization. Taken together, microwave hydrothermal carbonization of orange peel waste using citric acid as a catalyst might not only help address the waste management concerns for orange peel waste, but also can produce end products of potential commercial value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Lei
- Dept. of Bioresource Engineering, McGill University, Macdonald Campus, 21111 Lakeshore road, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, Quebec H9X 3V9, Canada
| | - Shrikalaa Kannan
- Dept. of Bioresource Engineering, McGill University, Macdonald Campus, 21111 Lakeshore road, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, Quebec H9X 3V9, Canada.
| | - Vijaya Raghavan
- Dept. of Bioresource Engineering, McGill University, Macdonald Campus, 21111 Lakeshore road, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, Quebec H9X 3V9, Canada
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164
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Peraza-Ku SA, Escobar-Morales B, Rodríguez-Fuentes N, Cervantes-Uc JM, Uribe-Calderon JA. Ceiba pentandra cellulose crosslinked with citric acid for drug release systems. Carbohydr Res 2021; 504:108334. [PMID: 33957461 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2021.108334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
An alternative for the production of drug delivery system is proposed based on the Ceiba pentandra milkweed. The kapok cellulose was chemically crosslinked with citric acid (CA) at different CA proportions, and loaded with chlorhexidine diacetate (CHX) at different concentrations. Cellulose crosslinking was followed with FTIR and XPS analysis, and the CHX loading was determined using elemental analysis. In vitro studies showed a burst release within the first 2-3 h and the drug release kinetics was described with several models. In addition, the crosslinked Ceiba pentandra fibers did not exhibit a cytotoxic effect on human dermic fibroblasts. Results indicate that the crosslinked Ceiba pentandra fibers are a feasible material for the production of systems for drug release applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Argelia Peraza-Ku
- Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, A.C., Unidad de Materiales, Calle 43 No. 130 X 32 y 34, Chuburná de Hidalgo, CP 97205, Merida, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - Beatriz Escobar-Morales
- Unidad de Energía Renovable, Carretera Sierra Papacal- Chuburna Puerto, Km. 5, C.P. 97302, Sierra Papacal, Yucatan, Mexico
| | - Nayeli Rodríguez-Fuentes
- Laboratorio de Biomateriales, Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología, Calle 43 No. 130 X 32 y 34, Chuburná de Hidalgo, 97205, Merida, Yucatan, Mexico
| | - José Manuel Cervantes-Uc
- Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, A.C., Unidad de Materiales, Calle 43 No. 130 X 32 y 34, Chuburná de Hidalgo, CP 97205, Merida, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - Jorge Alonso Uribe-Calderon
- Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, A.C., Unidad de Materiales, Calle 43 No. 130 X 32 y 34, Chuburná de Hidalgo, CP 97205, Merida, Yucatán, Mexico.
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165
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Kim SH, Kim DM, Park HE, Shin YB, Lee BJ, Jang MH, Yoon JA. Gold Standard? Method of Citric Acid Solution Swallowing Test as a Screening Test for Patients with Tracheostomy. Dysphagia 2021; 37:533-539. [PMID: 33905045 DOI: 10.1007/s00455-021-10300-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 09/29/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to apply various ranges of citric acid levels in the mouth and T-cannula to compare the validity with instrumental aspiration measures in patients with tracheostomy. Sixty-one patients underwent the citric acid cough reflex test (CRT) and videofluoroscopic swallowing study (VFSS). Citric acid was delivered via facemask and T-cannula at concentrations of 0.4 mol/L, 0.6 mol/L, and 0.8 mol/L. Further, we recorded the coughing count and presence of ≥ 2 (C2) and ≥ 5 (C5) coughs. CRT via facemask at 0.4 mol/L C2, 0.6 mol/L C5, and 0.8 mol/L C2 and C5 were significantly associated with the presence of tracheal aspiration during VFSS. The sensitivity and specificity were optimized at 0.8 mol/L C2 for mouth inhalation and at 0.8 mol/L C5 for T-cannula inhalation. There was a significant difference in the coughing count during CRT at 0.4 mol/L and 0.8 mol/L via mouth inhalation between patients with or without tracheal aspiration, but not via T-cannula. The AUC for 0.8 mol/L facemask inhalation was 0.701. The optimal cut-off value of coughing count was thrice with 84.62% sensitivity and 50.00% specificity on the ROC curve. Afferent sensory nerve desensitization around and below the tracheostomy site could affect coughing reflex initiation and decrease the sensitivity of detecting aspiration in tracheotomized patients. The citric acid CRT via facemask can reliably detect tracheal aspiration and presence of coughing reflex compared to that via T-cannula in patients with tracheostomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Hun Kim
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine and Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, 179 Gudeok-Ro Seo-Gu, Busan, 602-739, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Min Kim
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine and Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, 179 Gudeok-Ro Seo-Gu, Busan, 602-739, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho Eun Park
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine and Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, 179 Gudeok-Ro Seo-Gu, Busan, 602-739, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Beom Shin
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine and Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, 179 Gudeok-Ro Seo-Gu, Busan, 602-739, Republic of Korea
| | - Byeong Ju Lee
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine and Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, 179 Gudeok-Ro Seo-Gu, Busan, 602-739, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung Hun Jang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine and Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, 179 Gudeok-Ro Seo-Gu, Busan, 602-739, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin A Yoon
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine and Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, 179 Gudeok-Ro Seo-Gu, Busan, 602-739, Republic of Korea.
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166
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Abstract
In recent years, synthetic and semi-synthetic polymer materials have been widely used in various applications. Especially concerning biomedical applications, their biocompatibility, biodegradability, and non-toxicity have increased the interest of researchers to discover and develop new products for the well-being of humanity. Among the synthetic and semi-synthetic materials, the use of natural bio-based monomeric materials presents a possible novel avenue for the development of new biocompatible, biodegradable, and non-toxic products. The purpose of this article is to review the information on the role of natural bio-based monomers in biomedical applications. Increased eco-friendliness, biocompatibility, biodegradability, non-toxicity, and intrinsic biological activity are some of the attributes which make itaconic, succinic, citric, hyaluronic, and glutamic acids suitable potential materials for biomedical applications. Herein, we summarize the most recent advances in the field over the past ten years and specifically highlight new and interesting discoveries in biomedical applications. Natural origin acid-based bio-monomers for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mallinath S Birajdar
- Department of Integrative Engineering, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Haejin Joo
- Department of Integrative Engineering, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Gun Koh
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hansoo Park
- Department of Integrative Engineering, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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167
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Cho GL, Ha JW. Synergistic effect of citric acid and xenon light for inactivating foodborne pathogens on spinach leaves. Food Res Int 2021; 142:110210. [PMID: 33773673 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2021.110210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the synergistic antimicrobial effect of xenon light (XL) and citric acid (CA) combination against Escherichia coli O157:H7, Salmonella Typhimurium, and Listeria monocytogenes on spinach leaves and determine the effect of XL-CA combination on quality of spinach leaves. The XL-CA combined treatment for 8 min synergistically decreased the cell counts of E. coli O157:H7 and S. Typhimurium by 5.25 and 5.05 log CFU/cm2, respectively, and additively decreased the L. monocytogenes cells by 5.02 log unit on spinach. The mechanisms underlying synergistic lethal effect of the XL-CA combination were investigated. Qualitative and quantitative analyses revealed that the bacterial cell membrane damage was strongly associated with the synergistic antimicrobial effect of the XL-CA combination. Additionally, treatment with XL-CA combination for 8 min did not affect the quality attributes (color, total phenol contents, and texture) of spinach leaves. These results suggest that the XL-CA combination treatment can be effectively used to control major pathogens on fresh produce.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ga-Lam Cho
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Global K-Food Research Center, Hankyong National University, Anseong-si 17579, South Korea
| | - Jae-Won Ha
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Global K-Food Research Center, Hankyong National University, Anseong-si 17579, South Korea.
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168
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Kumar R, Ghoshal G, Goyal M. Biodegradable composite films/coatings of modified corn starch/gelatin for shelf life improvement of cucumber. J Food Sci Technol 2021; 58:1227-37. [PMID: 33746251 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-020-04685-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Composite films comprising modified corn starch and gelatin were developed using a solvent casting technique. The effect of varied content of citric acid and gelatin on the functional properties of the corn starch and composite films, respectively, was investigated. Modified corn starch films enriched with 5% citric acid presented excellent film properties like solubility, swelling index, water vapor permeability, and mechanical property as compared to other films. Similarly, composite films enriched with a ratio (4:1) also exhibited excellent film properties like mechanical and opacity than other composite films. FTIR results confirmed the cross linking among the modified corn starch chains, which is responsible for the enhancement in the film properties. From SEM results, it was noticed that the modified corn starch films exhibited slightly rougher, less shiny than the composite films. Efficacy of the composite solution as a coating formulation in terms of the quality and shelf life of the cucumber investigated. From the results, it was noted that the composite film forming solution as a coating formulation has the potential to extend the shelf-life of the cucumbers additionally up to 16 days.
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169
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Xue W, Wang P, Tang L, Zhang C, Wang C, Huang Y, Zhang X, Li Y, Zhao B, Liu Z. Citric acid inhibits Cd uptake by improving the preferential transport of Mn and triggering the defense response of amino acids in grains. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2021; 211:111921. [PMID: 33486382 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.111921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Citric acid (CA) can regulate the balance of anions and cations in plants, and improve their resistance to heavy metals. It is not clear if foliar application with CA has any effect on migration of Cd and Mn in rice plant. In this work, a low-Cd-accumulating indica rice line (P7) and a high-Cd-accumulating line (HZ) were used to investigate the influence of CA on the transport of Cd and Mn as well as amino acid metabolism in grains. Content of Cd in grains and other organs increased with the increase of Cd content (0.1-2.4 mg kg-1) in soil, while decreased with the foliar application with CA. With the increase of Cd content in rice grains, the content of most amino acids in HZ, P7, HZ+CA and P7 + CA showed an obvious decline trend. Foliar application with CA efficiently raised the Mn:Cd ratio in grains and nodes of both HZ and P7. Meanwhile, the expression levels of OsNramp2, 3 and 5 in panicles were efficiently enhanced by CA application when plants grew in soil with Cd content of 0.6-2.4 mg kg-1. The increasing effect of CA on the content of 4 amino acids (i.e., Glu, Phe, Thr and Ala) in grains was related to varieties and Cd pollution. These results indicate that foliar application with CA can regulate the transport of Cd and Mn in the opposite directions in tissues and inhibit Cd accumulation in grains by enhancing expression of OsNRAMP 2, 3 or 5 and triggering the defense response of some amino acids in Cd-contaminated environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijie Xue
- Key Laboratory of Original Agro-Environmental Pollution Prevention and Control, Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, P.R. China, Tianjin 300191, China
| | - Peipei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Original Agro-Environmental Pollution Prevention and Control, Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, P.R. China, Tianjin 300191, China
| | - Li Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Hunan Hybrid Rice Research Center, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Changbo Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Original Agro-Environmental Pollution Prevention and Control, Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, P.R. China, Tianjin 300191, China
| | - Changrong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Original Agro-Environmental Pollution Prevention and Control, Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, P.R. China, Tianjin 300191, China
| | - Yongchun Huang
- Key Laboratory of Original Agro-Environmental Pollution Prevention and Control, Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, P.R. China, Tianjin 300191, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Original Agro-Environmental Pollution Prevention and Control, Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, P.R. China, Tianjin 300191, China
| | - Yaokui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Hunan Hybrid Rice Research Center, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Bingran Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Hunan Hybrid Rice Research Center, Changsha 410125, China.
| | - Zhongqi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Original Agro-Environmental Pollution Prevention and Control, Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, P.R. China, Tianjin 300191, China.
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170
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Shi CY, Hussain SB, Han H, Alam SM, Liu D, Liu YZ. Reduced expression of CsPH8, a P-type ATPase gene, is the major factor leading to the low citrate accumulation in citrus leaves. Plant Physiol Biochem 2021; 160:211-217. [PMID: 33515970 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Citrate is an important intermediate product for the biosynthesis of several metabolites in plants. As two important organs of the citrus plant, fruits and leaves have their own metabolites characteristics; among them, citrate is normally high in fruit juice sacs (JS) and low in leaves. In this study, citrate content and transcript levels of citrate synthesis, transport, storage, and utilization related genes were compared between leaves and fruit JS of Citrus reticulata cv. 'Huagan No. 2', C. grandis cv. 'Hirado Buntan', and C. sinensis cv. 'Anliu'. Results indicated that the citrate content in fruit JS was significantly higher than in leaves of each cultivar. Only the relative mRNA levels of a P-type proton pump gene, CsPH8, was significantly lower in leaves than in fruit JS of three citrus cultivars, while other genes related to citrate biosynthesis, transport, storage, and utilization were highly expressed in leaves as compared to fruit JS. Furthermore, CsPH8 transient and stable transformation in leaves indicated that the change in citrate content is highly consistent with the change of CsPH8 transcript levels. Taken together, our results strongly suggest that the low accumulation of citrate in citrus leaves is mainly due to the low expression level of CsPH8; additionally, the high level of expression of citrate-utilizing genes would prevent citrate accumulation in the leaf organ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cai-Yun Shi
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, PR China; College of Horticulture & Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, PR China
| | - Syed Bilal Hussain
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, PR China; College of Horticulture & Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, PR China; Department of Horticulture, Muhammad Nawaz Shareef University of Agriculture, Multan, 60000, Pakistan
| | - Han Han
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, PR China; College of Horticulture & Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, PR China
| | - Shariq Mahmood Alam
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, PR China; College of Horticulture & Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, PR China
| | - Dong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, PR China; College of Horticulture & Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, PR China
| | - Yong-Zhong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, PR China; College of Horticulture & Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, PR China.
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171
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Hoang MT, Pham TD, Pham TT, Nguyen MK, Nu DTT, Nguyen TH, Bartling S, Van der Bruggen B. Esterification of sugarcane bagasse by citric acid for Pb 2+ adsorption: effect of different chemical pretreatment methods. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2021; 28:11869-11881. [PMID: 31953762 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-07623-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In this study, different pretreatment strategies of sugarcane bagasse prior to citric acid modification were investigated in terms of Pb2+ adsorption capacity. Pretreatment strategies included the use of NaOH, HCl, and C2H5OH in various concentrations. In order to fundamentally understand how these pretreatment methods affect the modification of sugarcane bagasse by citric acid as well as the Pb2+ adsorption capacity of sugarcane bagasse, three main components of sugarcane bagasse namely cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin were isolated and esterified by citric acid under the same conditions. ATR-FTIR, XPS, SEM, and an analysis of the number of carboxylic acid groups were used to investigate the physicochemical and chemical properties of the materials. These three components were proved to participate in adsorption and induce the esterification with citric acid. Hence, pretreatment with ethanol and 0.01 M NaOH which could retain cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin in sugarcane bagasse achieved a high Pb2+ adsorption capacity, i.e., 122.4 and 97 mg/g after the esterification with citric acid. In contrast, pretreatment with 0.5 M NaOH and 0.1 M HCl removed lignin and hemicellulose, leading to the lowest value of approximately 45 mg/g for citric acid esterified-pretreated sugarcane bagasse. XPS analysis and number of carboxylic group measurement confirmed the esterification between bagasse and citric acid. To understand the adsorption mechanism of adsorbent, two kinetic models including pseudo-first-order model and pseudo-second-order model were applied. The experimental data were well described by the pseudo-second-order model. The adsorption isotherm data were fitted Langmuir and Freundlich.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minh Trang Hoang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Laboratory for Process Engineering for Sustainable Systems, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001, Leuven, Belgium
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences, VNU University of Science, Vietnam National University, 334 Nguyen Trai Road, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Tien Duc Pham
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Laboratory for Process Engineering for Sustainable Systems, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001, Leuven, Belgium
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences, VNU University of Science, Vietnam National University, 334 Nguyen Trai Road, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Thi Thuy Pham
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences, VNU University of Science, Vietnam National University, 334 Nguyen Trai Road, Hanoi, Vietnam.
| | - Manh Khai Nguyen
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences, VNU University of Science, Vietnam National University, 334 Nguyen Trai Road, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Dang Thi To Nu
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Science, Quy Nhon University, 170 An Duong Vuong Road, Quy Nhon, Vietnam
| | - Thi Hanh Nguyen
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences, VNU University of Science, Vietnam National University, 334 Nguyen Trai Road, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Stephan Bartling
- Leibniz Institute for Catalysis, Albert-Einstein-Str. 29a, 18059, Rostock, Germany
| | - Bart Van der Bruggen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Laboratory for Process Engineering for Sustainable Systems, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001, Leuven, Belgium
- Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment, Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X680, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa
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172
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Wu S, Li M, Zhang C, Tan Q, Yang X, Sun X, Pan Z, Deng X, Hu C. Effects of phosphorus on fruit soluble sugar and citric acid accumulations in citrus. Plant Physiol Biochem 2021; 160:73-81. [PMID: 33482581 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorus (P) is one of the essential macro-elements for plants. Sugar and organic acid are important factors affecting sensory characteristics of citrus fruit quality. The aim of this study was to investigate how P fertilizer affects quality improvement particularly sucrose (Suc), fructose (Fru), glucose (Glu) and citric acid (CA) accumulations in Cara Cara navel. P fertilizer improved fruit quality of Cara Cara navel, as supported by decreasing titratable acid (TA), CA and increasing soluble solid (TSS), sugars and the ratio of TSS and TA. At the early stage of fruit development, P fertilizer had greater roles in degrading Suc into Fru and Glu due to the increased activities of Suc-degrading enzymes including acid invertase, neutral invertase and Suc synthase-cleavage activity. Coversely, at the mid and late stages of fruit development, P fertilizer had greater roles in re-synthesizing Suc due to the increased activities of Suc-synthesizing enzymes including Suc phosphate synthase and Suc synthase-synthetic activity. These results indicated that application of P fertilizer increased soluble sugars concentrations by improving Suc metabolism and sink strength in fruit conferred by the upregulations of the activities of Suc-degrading and Suc-synthesizing enzymes. P fertilizer decreased CA accumulations at least partially by inhibiting synthesis of CA due to the decreased activities of CA-synthesizing enzymes including citrate synthetase and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase. This study suggested that P fertilizer, particularly fertilized with 0.40 kg/plant, increased soluble sugars but decreased CA accumulations in citrus fruit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songwei Wu
- Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for New Fertilizers/Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, PR China; Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, PR China
| | - Ming Li
- Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for New Fertilizers/Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, PR China
| | - Changming Zhang
- Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for New Fertilizers/Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, PR China
| | - Qiling Tan
- Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for New Fertilizers/Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, PR China
| | - Xiaozhen Yang
- Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for New Fertilizers/Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, PR China
| | - Xuecheng Sun
- Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for New Fertilizers/Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, PR China
| | - Zhiyong Pan
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, PR China
| | - Xiuxin Deng
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, PR China
| | - Chengxiao Hu
- Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for New Fertilizers/Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, PR China; Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, PR China.
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173
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Chung YB, Song H, Jo K, Suh HJ. Effect of ascorbic acid and citric acid on the quality of salted Chinese cabbage during storage. Food Sci Biotechnol 2021; 30:227-34. [PMID: 33732513 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-020-00857-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Changes in color, browning indices, enzyme activity, and physical and chemical quality during the storage period were investigated to assess the effectiveness of storage period extension along with the addition of ascorbic acid (AA) and citric acid (CA) to salted Chinese cabbage. After 16 days of storage, the change in chromaticity value showed treatment with 0.5% CA showed the lowest change in the brown index during the storage period. The control showed the highest residual activity of polyphenol oxidase among control, AA, and CA-treated salted cabbage. AA and CA treatment effectively inhibited the initial populations of microorganisms including total aerobic bacteria, lactic acid bacteria, and yeast and molds in salted Chinese cabbage during storage. Further, the texture, i.e., hardness, chewability, and elasticity, tended to decrease with increasing storage. These results suggest that treatment with AA could help maintain the quality of salted Chinese cabbage during the storage period.
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174
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Mustafa AEZMA, Alkahtani J, Elshikh MS, Al Shaqhaa MM, Alwahibi MS. Enhanced uptake of di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate by the influence of citric acid in Helianthus annuus cultivated in artificially contaminated soil. Chemosphere 2021; 264:128485. [PMID: 33032222 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalic acid (DEHP) is the most extensively practiced plasticizer compound and a representative endocrine disrupting pollutant. Recently, the environmental impact and toxicological causes of DHEP on human health have been extensively investigated. DEHP uptake by plants is most significant biotransformation process of DEHP in environment. In this study, Helianthus annuus (H.annuus), vastly efficient in phytoremediation of polluted soil was selected to study the uptake and phytoremediation of DEHP in contaminated soil. In addition, the effect of citric acid on enhanced uptake and removal of DEHP was also investigated. The orders of biomass concentrations showed in the CA treatments were 200 mM (60.5 g) ˃ 150 mM (54.5) ˃ 100 mM (50.2 g) ˃ 50 mM (46.5 g). The maximum shoot accumulation of DHEP (20 mg/kg) was observed at 200 mM citric acid treatment compared to all other treatments (50, 100, and 150 mM). Significant difference of the antioxidant enzymes activity (CAT, 25.7, POD, 22.5 (μmol H2O2/min/g FW) and COD 5.6 U/g FW) was observed between control and CA treatments as well as different concentrations of CA treated plants. The maximum ALP (0.17 mg.g-1soil.24 h-1) and urease activities (1.65 mg.g-1soil.24 h-1) were observed at 200 mM CA amended soils. The application of citric acid was significantly enhanced the H.annuus growth as well as uptake of DEHP. The results explored that the citric acid has excellent potential for the enhanced uptake of DEHP in contaminated soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abd El-Zaher M A Mustafa
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jawaher Alkahtani
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Mohamed Soliman Elshikh
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Manal M Al Shaqhaa
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mona S Alwahibi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
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175
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Im S, Mostafa A, Kim DH. Use of citric acid for reducing CH 4 and H 2S emissions during storage of pig slurry and increasing biogas production: Lab- and pilot-scale test, and assessment. Sci Total Environ 2021; 753:142080. [PMID: 32898812 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The use of sulfuric acid (SA) for reducing greenhouse gases (GHGs, mainly CH4) emissions in manure management encounters with problems related with safety issue and increased H2S emissions. In the present study, citric acid (CA) as an alternative to SA was assessed in the lab-scale experiment at various dosages (pH 5.0-7.0), and then confirmed in the pilot-scale tank (effective volume of 30 ton). During 35 d of pig slurry (PS) storage at 30 °C, it was found that the CA addition to initial pH down to 6.5 could lead negligible reduction, while 85-99% and 48-72% reduction of CH4 and H2S emissions were achieved at pH ≤ 6.0, respectively. The similar reduction performance was confirmed (control vs. pH 6.0) in the pilot-scale test, but, interestingly, two times higher CH4 emissions of 123.7 kg CO2 eq./ton PS was detected caused by the automatic temperature increase (≥35 °C). The pH of acidified PS did not exceed 6.5 during the whole storage period, while it was maintained 7.3-7.7 in the control. A continuous AD reactor fed with acidified PS exhibited a higher CH4 yield of 10.0 m3 CH4/ton PS, compared to the control (5.7 m3 CH4/ton PS), due to the preservation of organic matters and added CA. In overall, about 8.5 [(4.4, storage) + (4.1, biogas)] kg of CH4/ton PS was generated from raw PS and it was reduced to 7.8 [(0.7, storage) + (7.1, biogas)] kg of CH4/ton PS by CA-acidification. Despite the carbon footprint for manufacturing CA, it was calculated that GHG reduction of 107 kg CO2 eq./ton PS could be attained by CA-acidification. In terms of economic profit, it was estimated that 6.3 USD/ton PS can be gained by CA-acidification, while it was 2.4 USD/ton PS in case of control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seongwon Im
- Department of Civil Engineering, Inha University, 100 Inharo, Nam-gu, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Alsayed Mostafa
- Department of Civil Engineering, Inha University, 100 Inharo, Nam-gu, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Hoon Kim
- Department of Civil Engineering, Inha University, 100 Inharo, Nam-gu, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea.
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176
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Keskin C, Keleş A, Sarıyılmaz Ö. Efficacy of glycolic acid for the removal of calcium hydroxide from simulated internal Resorption cavities. Clin Oral Investig 2021; 25:4407-4413. [PMID: 33392806 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-020-03753-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study evaluated the efficacy of 5% and 10% glycolic acid solutions for the removal of calcium hydroxide medicament from artificial internal resorption cavities. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 170 human maxillary premolars were selected and artificial internal resorption cavities were prepared using round burs and 37% orthophosphoric acid in the apical third of the root halves. Entire canal and resorption cavity were filled with calcium hydroxide paste. Then, the specimens were assigned to 2 control groups or ten experimental groups according to the irrigating solutions used for medicament removal with and without activation with ultrasonic energy as following: 5% glycolic acid, 10% glycolic acid, 17% EDTA, and 10% citric acid and distilled water. The resorption cavities were examined under different magnifications using stereomicroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The calcium hydroxide remnants in the resorption cavity were scored by 2 evaluators using a 4-scoring scale. The data were analyzed with Kruskal-Wallis H tests with 5% significance threshold. RESULTS There was no significant difference regarding the distribution of removal scores among non-activated solutions (P > 0.05). In activated groups, 10% glycolic acid irrigation removed significantly more amount of calcium hydroxide than EDTA and distilled water (P < 0.05). No significant difference was found between the efficacy of 10% glycolic and citric acid (P > 0.05). Citric acid, 5% glycolic acid, and EDTA showed similar removal scores (P > 0.05). Passive ultrasonic irrigation significantly improved calcium hydroxide removal scores in 10% glycolic acid, citric acid, and EDTA groups (P < 0.05). The SEM examination revealed that the specimens that were scored 0 are not entirely free of calcium hydroxide remnants. CONCLUSION Concentration of 10% glycolic acid removed significantly more calcium hydroxide paste from resorption cavities than EDTA when used with passive ultrasonic irrigation. Although passive ultrasonic irrigation favored medicament removal in all irrigating solutions, complete elimination of medicament remnants was unattainable. CLINICAL RELEVANCE This study showed the improved efficacy of ultrasonically activated 10% glycolic acid in removing the calcium hydroxide medicament from the internal resorption cavity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cangül Keskin
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Ondokuz Mayis University, 55200, Samsun, Turkey.
| | - Ali Keleş
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Ondokuz Mayis University, 55200, Samsun, Turkey
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177
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Tada Y, Cordero JA, Echigo S, Itoh S. Effect of coexisting manganese ion on the formation of haloacetic acids during chlorination. Chemosphere 2021; 263:127862. [PMID: 32814132 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.127862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Haloacetic acids (HAAs) are a group of disinfection by-products formed by the reaction of dissolved organic matter (DOM) in source water and disinfectants in the drinking water treatment process. The formation of HAAs is known to be affected by several factors (e.g., pH, temperature, concentration, and DOM components in source water). However, the effects of coexisting substances, such as metal ions, on HAA formation are not well understood. In this study, HAA formation potentials (FPs) of model compounds of DOM and environmental waters in the presence or absence of manganese ion upon chlorination were compared. The results of experiments with model compounds of DOM showed that manganese ion promoted the formation of HAA from citric acid, trans-aconitic acid, and cis-aconitic acid. Even for a manganese concentration of less than 50 μg/L, which is the standard value of manganese in drinking water in the USA, EU, and Japan, manganese had great influence on the dichloroacetic acid FPs of these compounds. However, the manganese ion did not enhance the HAAFPs of the environmental waters tested. Nevertheless, manganese may have an effect on HAAFPs of environmental waters collected at the occurrence of an unusual growth of microorganisms, such as algal bloom.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuto Tada
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo, Kyoto, 615-8540, Japan.
| | - José Andrés Cordero
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo, Kyoto, 615-8540, Japan
| | - Shinya Echigo
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo, Kyoto, 615-8540, Japan
| | - Sadahiko Itoh
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo, Kyoto, 615-8540, Japan
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178
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Mizuki K, Katoh M. Phosphorus recovery from soil through phosphorus extraction and retention on material: A comparison between batch extraction-retention and column percolation. J Environ Manage 2021; 277:111435. [PMID: 33070020 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.111435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorus (P) recovery from wastewater and soil is important for preventing the depletion of P resources; however, a method for recovering P from soil has not yet been developed. We designed and tested systems to recover P from excavated and in situ soil. P extraction from soil using citric acid, EDTA, and water is combined with P retention by calcium (Ca)- and magnesium (Mg)-containing material in both the batch extraction-retention and column percolation approach. In the batch extraction-retention test, Ca hydroxide retained more P than the other materials at 0.38-0.76 mg g-1, and the P was retained as Ca phosphate-like minerals. The amount of P retained by materials using chelating solutions was higher than with water, regardless of the material. The amount of P in the Ca-containing materials after the column percolation test was higher than in the Mg-containing materials, with the exception of Ca carbonate. In the column percolation test, the percentage of P recovery from the available P in the soil was 4.9% and 3.5% using Ca hydroxide and Ca oxide with water, respectively, and the application of chelating solutions did not improve P recovery. In the batch extraction-retention test, the percentage of P recovery using Ca hydroxide and Ca oxide with water was the same as that obtained by the column percolation test; however, the use of chelating solutions could improve the P retention to more than 11% and 7%, respectively. These results demonstrate that more than 10% and 5% of the available P in the soil could be recovered using Ca hydroxide in the batch extraction-retention test with citric acid and EDTA solutions and the column percolation test with water, respectively. The P-retained material may be used as a source for the production of chemical fertilizer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kensuke Mizuki
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, School of Agriculture, Meiji University, 1-1-1, Higashimita, Tama, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 214-8571, Japan
| | - Masahiko Katoh
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, School of Agriculture, Meiji University, 1-1-1, Higashimita, Tama, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 214-8571, Japan.
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179
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Melliti E, Touati K, Van der Bruggen B, Elfil H. Effect of Fe 2+ ions on gypsum precipitation during bulk crystallization of reverse osmosis concentrates. Chemosphere 2021; 263:127866. [PMID: 32814139 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.127866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In reverse osmosis desalination, the concentrate is a saline solution that may become supersaturated. Heterogeneous nucleation of salts occurs at the membrane surface, resulting in the buildup of inorganic deposits on the membrane. The inorganic nucleation process, however, is complex in natural waters. Most studies focused primarily on single salt fouling of membranes, and related treatment for single solute systems. However, scale formation, especially gypsum, is affected by the presence of different salts and metals. In this wok, for the first time, we investigate the mixed precipitation of iron oxides and gypsum. The role of citric acid in the inhibition of precipitation was studied for different concentrations in both the absence and the presence of Fe2+. Conductivity and ion concentration measurements were used to estimate the formation time of gypsum. Scanning electron microscopy, X-Ray Diffraction (XDR) analysis, and Infra-Red spectroscopy analysis were used to provide structural information. Collected data showed that the presence of Fe2+ accelerates gypsum precipitation and shortens its induction time. Analytic results showed that gypsum crystals are greatly affected by the presence of Fe2+ ions, which generated needle shaped crystals. Citric acid can delay the induction time of gypsum precipitation. It also affects the morphology of gypsum crystals through adsorption mechanism. XDR diagrams revealed that the presence of citric acid (20 mg/L) can stabilize the bassanite phase (CaSO4·½H2O) for much longer periods. In the presence of Fe2+ ions, citric acid extends the induction time of calcium sulfate and minimizes the acceleration effect of Fe2+ ions. SEM images showed that the presence of ferrous ions during the chemical inhibition generates the β-hemihydrate form of calcium sulfate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emna Melliti
- Laboratory of Desalination and Nature Water Valorization, Centre of Water Researches and Technologies (CERTE), B.P. 273, Soliman, 8020, Tunisia
| | - Khaled Touati
- Laboratory of Desalination and Nature Water Valorization, Centre of Water Researches and Technologies (CERTE), B.P. 273, Soliman, 8020, Tunisia; Department of Building, Civil, and Environmental Engineering, Concordia University, 1515 Ste-Catherine St. W. EV 6.139, Montreal, QC, H3G 2W1, Canada
| | - Bart Van der Bruggen
- Process Engineering for Sustainable Systems (Proc ESS), Department of Chemical Engineering, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Hamza Elfil
- Laboratory of Desalination and Nature Water Valorization, Centre of Water Researches and Technologies (CERTE), B.P. 273, Soliman, 8020, Tunisia.
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180
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Hirakawa Y, Ueda H, Takata Y, Minamihata K, Wakabayashi R, Kamiya N, Goto M. Co-amorphous formation of piroxicam- citric acid to generate supersaturation and improve skin permeation. Eur J Pharm Sci 2021; 158:105667. [PMID: 33296711 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2020.105667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to prepare a co-amorphous formulation of piroxicam (PIR), a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, and citric acid (CA), and evaluate its skin permeation ability. A spray-drying method was employed to prepare the co-amorphous formulation and its physical properties were characterized. X-ray powder diffraction and thermal analysis confirmed a homogeneous amorphous state, and the infrared spectra revealed intermolecular interactions between PIR and CA, suggesting formation of a co-amorphous formulation of PIR and CA. The PIR-CA co-amorphous formulation exhibited no crystallization for 60 days at 4/25/40°C with silica gel. The PIR-CA co-amorphous formulation increased the solubility of PIR in polyethylene glycol 400 compared with that of the pure drug, and physical mixture (PM) of PIR and CA, confirming a supersaturated state in the formulation. The PIR-CA co-amorphous formulation demonstrated higher skin permeation than PIR alone or PM of PIR and CA, and the flux value was consistent with the degree of saturation. Thus, the increase in the skin permeation of PIR from the PIR-CA co-amorphous formulation directly depended on the increased thermodynamic activity by supersaturation in the absence of interactions between the drug and co-former in the vehicle.
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181
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Taban A, Saharkhiz MJ, Kavoosi G. Development of pre-emergence herbicide based on Arabic gum-gelatin, apple pectin and savory essential oil nano-particles: A potential green alternative to metribuzin. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 167:756-765. [PMID: 33285197 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 11/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
This study was conducted as a plot experiment to investigate the phytotoxicity effects of nano-encapsulated savory essential oil (EO) when it is incorporated separately into carbohydrate and protein natural polymers (Arabic gum-gelatin, apple pectin and gelatin) and two cross-linkers including one poly acid and one enzyme (citric acid and transglutaminase enzyme). Each product was tested as a pre-emergence herbicide against amaranth and tomato. The evaluations also involved determining the stability, morphology, encapsulation efficiency and release properties of the prepared formulations. Coating the savory EO with cross-linked biopolymers enhanced its stability and herbicidal activity, compared to the EO nano-emulsion without any polymer or cross-linker. Among the tested formulations, the strongest inhibitory effect against amaranth germination and growth was caused by Arabic gum-gelatin and apple pectin biopolymers at the concentration of 3 ml/L of EO, when cross-linked with citric acid. These two treatments had slight effects on tomato seedlings, however. The suppressive ability of the formulations was almost similar and comparable to the chemical herbicide metribuzin (1.75 g/L). In conclusion, Arabic gum-gelatin and apple pectin cross-linked by citric acid containing savory EO can be considered as potential, green and safe replacements for metribuzin in organic tomato production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azin Taban
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, School of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Jamal Saharkhiz
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, School of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran; Medicinal Plants Processing Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Gholamreza Kavoosi
- Institute of Biotechnology, Shiraz University, School of Agriculture, Shiraz, Iran
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182
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Tong Z, Xu M, Li Q, Liu C, Wang Y, Sha J. Polyelectrolyte-functionalized reduced graphene oxide wrapped helical POMOF nanocomposites for bioenzyme-free colorimetric biosensing. Talanta 2020; 220:121373. [PMID: 32928399 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2020.121373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
For the sake of effective colorimetric sensing-pattern, a sensitive colorimetric sensor was conceived based on polyoxometalates based metal-organic frameworks (POMOFs) and polydiallyldimethylammonium chloride functionalized reduced graphene oxide (PDDA-rGO) for the first time, in which PDDA as a "glue" molecule turns rGO nanosheets into general platforms for bonding POMOFs nanoparticles. Herein, a new POMOF compound with fascinating helices-on-helices feature, [Ni4(Trz)6(H2O)2][SiW12O40].4H2O (Trz = 1,2,4-triazole) (abbreviated as Ni4SiW12), was synthesized and characterized, then PDDA-rGO sheet as dispersive and conductive material was successfully introduced to Ni4SiW12 fabricating new PDDA-rGO/Ni4SiW12-n nanocomposites, (abbreviated as PMPG-n). The resulting PMPG-n nanocomposites as peroxidase mimetic show excellent catalytic activities under extreme condition (pH value 2.5), attributed to the nature and synergies from POMs, MOFs and PDDA-rGOs. Note that the peroxidase-like activity of PMPG-1 (the mass ratio of Ni4SiW12 to PDDA-rGO is 1:1) exhibits higher sensitivity (1-60 μM), faster response (10 min) and the lowest limit of detection (2.07 μM) among all reported materials to citric acid (CA) to date. This work opens up new application prospects in colorimetric sensing system for food quality control and safety, biotechnology and clinical diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhibo Tong
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jining University, ShanDong, Qufu, 273155, PR China; School of Pharmacy, Jiamusi University, HeilongJiang, Jiamusi, 154007, PR China
| | - Mingqi Xu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jining University, ShanDong, Qufu, 273155, PR China
| | - Qian Li
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jining University, ShanDong, Qufu, 273155, PR China
| | - Chang Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jining University, ShanDong, Qufu, 273155, PR China
| | - Yunliang Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Jiamusi University, HeilongJiang, Jiamusi, 154007, PR China
| | - Jingquan Sha
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jining University, ShanDong, Qufu, 273155, PR China.
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183
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Meichtry JM, Cancelada L, Destaillats H, Litter MI. Effect of different gases on the sonochemical Cr(VI) reduction in the presence of citric acid. Chemosphere 2020; 260:127211. [PMID: 32682127 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.127211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Revised: 05/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/23/2020] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The sonochemical (850 kHz) Cr(VI) reduction (0.30 mM, pH 2) in the presence of citric acid (Cit, 2 mM) was analyzed under different working atmospheres: reactor open to air without sparging (ROAWS), and Ar, O2, air and N2 sparging. Hydrogen peroxide formation in pure water at pH 2 and KI dosimetry were also measured. Zero-order kinetics was observed in all cases. A complete Cr(VI) reduction after 180 min insonation was obtained with the ROAWS and under Ar, while a lower Cr(VI) reduction efficiency was achieved under the other conditions. The Cr(VI) reduction and H2O2 formation rates followed the order ROAWS ≅ Ar > air ≅ O2 ≫ N2, while for KI dosimetry the order was ROAWS ≫ O2 ≅ air > Ar ≫ N2. This indicates that H2O2 formation rate is a better measure of the system reactivity for Cr(VI) reduction. For air, O2 and N2, once the sparging was stopped, Cr(VI) reduction rate increased up to approximately the same value obtained for the ROAWS, suggesting that the sparging decreased the generation of reactive species and, thus, the Cr(VI) reduction rate. Nitrate production was measured at low concentrations (micromolar range) in the ROAWS, air and N2 systems. Formic and acetic acids were detected as Cit degradation products. Reaction mechanisms were proposed. It can be concluded that the best condition for Cr(VI) removal is with the ROAWS because of a higher Cr(VI) reduction rate, no atmosphere control is required, and it is a less expensive system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge M Meichtry
- Gerencia Química, Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica-CONICET, Av. Gral. Paz 1499, B1650, San Martín, Prov. de Buenos Aires, Argentina; Centro de Tecnologías Químicas, Facultad Regional Buenos Aires, Universidad Tecnológica Nacional, Medrano 951, C1179AAQ, CABA, Argentina
| | - Lucía Cancelada
- Gerencia Química, Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica-CONICET, Av. Gral. Paz 1499, B1650, San Martín, Prov. de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Hugo Destaillats
- Indoor Environment Group, Energy Technologies Area, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Marta I Litter
- IIIA - Instituto de Investigación e Ingeniería Ambiental-CONICET, Universidad Nacional de General San Martín, Campus Miguelete, Av. 25 de Mayo y Francia, B1650, San Martín, Prov. de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Guo H, Zhang Z, Jiang Z, Chen M, Einaga H, Shangguan W. Catalytic activity of porous manganese oxides for benzene oxidation improved via citric acid solution combustion synthesis. J Environ Sci (China) 2020; 98:196-204. [PMID: 33097152 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2020.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2020] [Revised: 06/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Various manganese oxides (MnOx) prepared via citric acid solution combustion synthesis were applied for catalytic oxidation of benzene. The results showed the ratios of citric acid/manganese nitrate in synthesizing process positively affected the physicochemical properties of MnOx, e.g., BET (Brunauer-Emmett-Teller) surface area, porous structure, reducibility and so on, which were in close relationship with their catalytic performance. Of all the catalysts, the sample prepared at a citric acid/manganese nitrate ratio of 2:1 (C2M1) displayed the best catalytic activity with T90 (the temperature when 90% of benzene was catalytically oxidized) of 212℃. Further investigation showed that C2M1 was Mn2O3 with abundant nano-pores, the largest surface area and the proper ratio of surface Mn4+/Mn3+, resulting in preferable low-temperature reducibility and abundant surface active adsorbed oxygen species. The analysis results of the in-situ Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (in-situ FTIR) revealed that the benzene was successively oxidized to phenolate, o-benzoquinone, small molecules (such as maleates, acetates, and vinyl), and finally transformed to CO2 and H2O.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Guo
- Research Center for Combustion and Environmental Technology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Zhixiang Zhang
- Research Center for Combustion and Environmental Technology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Zhi Jiang
- Research Center for Combustion and Environmental Technology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Mingxia Chen
- Research Center for Combustion and Environmental Technology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Hisahiro Einaga
- Department of Energy and Material Sciences, Faculty of Engineering Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 816-8580, Japan
| | - Wenfeng Shangguan
- Research Center for Combustion and Environmental Technology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
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185
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Costa EC, Menezes PMN, de Almeida RL, Silva FS, de Araújo Ribeiro LA, da Silva JA, de Oliveira AP, da Cruz Araújo EC, Rolim LA, Nunes XP. Inclusion of vitexin in β-cyclodextrin: preparation, characterization and expectorant/antitussive activities. Heliyon 2020; 6:e05461. [PMID: 33305043 PMCID: PMC7711145 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e05461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The study aimed to include the isolated vitexin of Jatropha mutabilis in the β-cyclodextrin cavity to improve the solubility of this flavone. Its characterization was performed by techniques such as 1H NMR/ROESY (Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy), FT-IR (Infrared Spectroscopy with Fourier Transform), SEM (Morphological analysis of IC by Scanning Electron Microscopy) and dissolution study in vitro. In addition, the following activities were evaluated in the animal models: expectorant, phenol red dosage in bronchoalveolar lavage and antitussive, cough induced by citric acid. In the characterization of the complex, interaction between hydrogens of ring B of vitexin and (H3) of β-CD was observed, in addition to changes in morphology. In the dissolution test, an increase in the rate of dissolution of vitexin was observed in the first 30 min for the CI vitexin/β-CD when compared with vitexin. Regarding the pharmacological activity, it was observed that the inclusion complex (IC) vitexin/β-CD in the equivalent doses of 0.2, 1 and 5 mg/kg of flavone presented higher expectorant activity when compared to vitexin (p < 0.05), suggesting increased bioavailability. As for the antitussive activity, both vitexin and the complex had similar effects and were dose independent. In the toxicity test using Artemia salina, vitexin and IC vitexin/β-CD were considered non-toxic. At last, the study efficacy of vitexin/β-CD IC as an expectorant and of vitexin as antitussive. All of these data are being described for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliatania Clementino Costa
- Rede Nordeste de Biostecnologia (RENORBIO), Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco (UFRPE), Recife, PE, Brazil
| | | | - Ricardo Lúcio de Almeida
- Pós-graduação em Biociências (PGB), Universidade Federal do Vale do São Francisco (UNIVASF), Petrolina, PE, Brazil
| | - Fabrício Souza Silva
- Pós-graduação em Biociências (PGB), Universidade Federal do Vale do São Francisco (UNIVASF), Petrolina, PE, Brazil
| | | | - James Amalda da Silva
- Universidade Federal de Sergipe (UFS), Av. Gov. Marcelo Déda, São José, Lagarto, SE, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula de Oliveira
- Rede Nordeste de Biostecnologia (RENORBIO), Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco (UFRPE), Recife, PE, Brazil.,Pós-graduação em Biociências (PGB), Universidade Federal do Vale do São Francisco (UNIVASF), Petrolina, PE, Brazil
| | | | - Larissa Araújo Rolim
- Rede Nordeste de Biostecnologia (RENORBIO), Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco (UFRPE), Recife, PE, Brazil.,Pós-graduação em Biociências (PGB), Universidade Federal do Vale do São Francisco (UNIVASF), Petrolina, PE, Brazil
| | - Xirley Pereira Nunes
- Rede Nordeste de Biostecnologia (RENORBIO), Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco (UFRPE), Recife, PE, Brazil.,Pós-graduação em Biociências (PGB), Universidade Federal do Vale do São Francisco (UNIVASF), Petrolina, PE, Brazil
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186
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Kang JW, Lee HY, Kang DH. Synergistic bactericidal effect of hot water with citric acid against Escherichia coli O157:H7 biofilm formed on stainless steel. Food Microbiol 2020; 95:103676. [PMID: 33397610 DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2020.103676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the antimicrobial effect of hot water with citric acid against Escherichia coli O157:H7 biofilm on stainless steel (SS). Hot water (50, 60, or 70 °C) with 2% citric acid exhibited a synergistic bactericidal effect on the pathogen biofilm. It was revealed that hot water and citric acid combination induced sub-lethally injured cells. Additionally, mechanisms of the synergistic bactericidal effects of hot water with citric acid were identified through several approaches. In terms of biofilm matrix, hot water removes exopolysaccharides, a major component of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS), thereby increasing contact between surface cells and citric acid, resulting in a synergistic bactericidal effect. In terms of the cell itself, increased permeability of citric acid through cell membranes destructed by hot water promotes the inactivation of superoxide dismutase (SOD) in E. coli O157:H7, which induce synergistic generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) which promote inactivation of cell by activating lipid peroxidation, resulting in destruction of the cell membrane. Therefore, it is interpreted that when hot water with citric acid is applied to E. coli O157:H7 biofilm, synergy effects on the biofilm matrix and cell itself have a complex interaction with each other, thus causing a dramatic synergistic bactericidal effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Won Kang
- Department of Food and Animal Biotechnology, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Center for Food and Bioconvergence, Research Institute for Agricultural and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea; Institutes of Green Bio Science & Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang-gun, Gangwon-do, 25354, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae-Yeon Lee
- Department of Food and Animal Biotechnology, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Center for Food and Bioconvergence, Research Institute for Agricultural and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea; Institutes of Green Bio Science & Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang-gun, Gangwon-do, 25354, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Hyun Kang
- Department of Food and Animal Biotechnology, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Center for Food and Bioconvergence, Research Institute for Agricultural and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea; Institutes of Green Bio Science & Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang-gun, Gangwon-do, 25354, Republic of Korea.
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187
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Toledo PVO, Bernardinelli OD, Sabadini E, Petri DFS. The states of water in tryptophan grafted hydroxypropyl methylcellulose hydrogels and their effect on the adsorption of methylene blue and rhodamine B. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 248:116765. [PMID: 32919561 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.116765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Revised: 06/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Tryptophan (Trp) decorated hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) cryogels were prepared by a one-step reaction with citric acid. The increase of Trp content in the 3D network from 0 to 2.18 wt% increased the apparent density from 0.0267 g.cm-3 to 0.0381 g.cm-3 and the compression modulus from 94 kPa to 201 kPa, due to hydrophobic interactions between Trp molecules. The increase of Trp content in HPMC-Trp hydrogels increased the amount of non-freezing water, estimated from differential scanning calorimetry, and the amount of freezing water, which was determined by time-domain nuclear magnetic resonance. The adsorption capacity of methylene blue (MB) and rhodamine B (RB) on HPMC-Trp hydrogels increased with Trp content and the amount of freezing water. HPMC-Trp hydrogels could be recycled 6 times keeping the original adsorptive capacity. The diffusional constants of MB and RB tended to increase with Trp content. RB adsorbed on HPMC-Trp hydrogels presented a bathochromic shift of fluorescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo V O Toledo
- Fundamental Chemistry Department, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes 748, 05508-000, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Oigres D Bernardinelli
- Department of Physicochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), 13083-970, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Edvaldo Sabadini
- Department of Physicochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), 13083-970, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Denise F S Petri
- Fundamental Chemistry Department, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes 748, 05508-000, São Paulo, Brazil.
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188
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Wu MH, Wang W, Chao FC, Hsieh CM, Chen LC, Lin HL, Ho HO, Huang TJ, Sheu MT. One-pot fabrication of sacchachitin for production of TEMPO-oxidized sacchachitin nanofibers (TOSCNFs) utilized as scaffolds to enhance bone regeneration. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 254:117270. [PMID: 33357851 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.117270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
One-pot fabrication of sacchachitin (SC) for mass-production was developed and optimized by selecting KOH as alkaline agent in depigmentation step and utilizing NaClO2 as bleaching agent in subsequent step in the same pot. Overall yield of one-pot-fabricated SC was up to 35 %w/w of initial weight with a fibrous texture soft enough for mechanical disintegration into SC nanofibers (SCNFs) and better dispersion for producing TEMPO-oxidized SCNFs (T033SC). Both SCNFs and T033SC could form a 3D gelatinous scaffold into which MC3T3-E1 cells were attracted. Higher calcium-trapping ability of T033SC resulting from a greater extent of carboxylate groups provided an excellent bone regeneration environment that resulted in better outcomes of bone regeneration in a femur defect rat model compared to those with SCNFs possessed fewer carboxylate groups. In conclusion, biomaterial scaffolds based on TEMPO-oxidized SCNFs produced from one-pot fabricated SC showed great potential for bone regeneration due to unique physical and chemical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Huang Wu
- Department of Orthopedics, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 11031, Taiwan, ROC; Department of Orthopedics, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan, ROC.
| | - Weu Wang
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan, ROC; Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 11031, Taiwan, ROC.
| | - Fang-Ching Chao
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan, ROC.
| | - Chien-Ming Hsieh
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan, ROC.
| | - Ling-Chun Chen
- Department of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Technology, Yuanpei University of Medical Technology, Hsinchu, Taiwan, ROC.
| | - Hong-Liang Lin
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, ROC.
| | - Hsiu-O Ho
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan, ROC.
| | - Tsung-Jen Huang
- Department of Orthopedics, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 11031, Taiwan, ROC; Department of Orthopedics, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan, ROC.
| | - Ming-Thau Sheu
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan, ROC.
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189
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Maysarah H, Sari I, Faradilla M, Kwok K. Formulation of Effervescent Granule from Robusta Green Coffee Bean Ethanolic Extract ( Coffea canephora). J Pharm Bioallied Sci 2020; 12:S743-S746. [PMID: 33828371 PMCID: PMC8021061 DOI: 10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_258_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Revised: 02/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Robusta coffee (Coffea canephora) is one of the many crops cultivated in Aceh, and at present is only being used as a drink. Research has shown the potential of many pharmacological uses for coffee, including its use as a remedy to treat diabetes. Effervescent granules are one of the oral dosage forms that can not only mask the unpleasant taste of bioactive substances, but also have a high aesthetic value and can contain relatively large doses of bioactive substances. Previous research has shown that ethanolic extract of robusta green coffee beans at 100 mg/kg body weight (BW) rat yielded the highest percentage of glucose reduction. On the basis of that research, the dosage was used in this study to be formulated into effervescent granule. AIMS This study aimed to find the best formulation of effervescent granules preparation using various concentrations of effervescent salt that meets the general requirements of effervescent dosage forms. The concentrations of citric acid, tartaric acid, and sodium bicarbonate used in sequence were 7.35%, 14.7%, and 25% (F1); 8.08%, 16.17%, and 27.5% (F2); and 8.82%, 17.64%, and 30% (F3), respectively. Robusta green coffee beans were extracted using the maceration method. RESULTS Secondary metabolite screening of extract showed that it contained alkaloid, saponin, phenolic, and flavonoid metabolites. Effervescent granules were evaluated and F1 and F2 did not qualify the flowability standard of the granules, whereas F3 qualified in all the evaluation standards. CONCLUSION On the basis of these results, F3 produced the best effervescent granules that met the general standards of the effervescent dosage forms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilda Maysarah
- Department of Pharmacy, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Aceh, Indonesia
| | - Irma Sari
- Department of Pharmacy, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Aceh, Indonesia
| | - Meutia Faradilla
- Department of Pharmacy, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Aceh, Indonesia
| | - Kevin Kwok
- Department of Pharmacy, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Aceh, Indonesia
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190
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Kaushal R, Bansal R, Malhan S. A comparative evaluation of smear layer removal by using ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid, citric acid, and maleic acid as root canal irrigants: An in vitro scanning electron microscopic study. J Conserv Dent 2020; 23:71-78. [PMID: 33223646 PMCID: PMC7657419 DOI: 10.4103/jcd.jcd_43_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2020] [Revised: 06/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Irrigants remove or dissolve smear layer formed during instrumentation. Thus it is important to study the effect of different irrigant solutions on smear layer removal. Objectives: The aim of this study is to determine which irrigant effectively removes the smear layer from the coronal, middle, and apical third of the root canal. Materials and Methodology: One hundred and twenty single-rooted mandibular premolars were decoronated and biomechanical preparation was done through hand instrumentation up to size 40 k file with 2.5% NaOCl irrigation between each successive filing, followed by irrigation with 5 ml of saline. The teeth were divided into Groups I, II, III, and IV containing 30 samples each and irrigated with 5 ml of 17% ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA), 10% Citric acid, 7% Maleic acid and normal saline respectively for 1 min and final irrigation was done with 5 ml of distilled water of each sample. The canals were dried with 2% absorbent paper points. The roots were then split with a chisel and mallet. One-half of each tooth was selected and then was analyzed using a scanning electron microscope. The dentinal surfaces were observed at the cervical, middle, and apical third with ×2000 for the smear layer. The scores were attributed, according to Torabinejad et al. rating system. Results: 7% maleic acid and 10% citric acid both are equally effective in smear layer removal from coronal and middle third, but in apical third 7% maleic acid is more effective than 10% citric acid. Between citric acid and EDTA, both are equally effective in smear layer removal from coronal and middle third, but in apical third, 10% citric acid is more efficacious than 17% EDTA. Conclusion: Within the limitations of the study, it can be concluded that all three tested irrigants removed the smear layer from coronal, middle, and apical third. However, in apical third 7% maleic acid is the most efficacious irrigant in smear layer removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravneet Kaushal
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Desh Bhagat Dental College and Hospital, Mandi Gobindgarh, Punjab, India
| | - Ramta Bansal
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Luxmi Bai Institute of Dental Sciences and Hospital, Patiala, Punjab, India
| | - Sunil Malhan
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Desh Bhagat Dental College and Hospital, Mandi Gobindgarh, Punjab, India
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191
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Kanbar HJ, Matar Z, Safa GAA, Kazpard V. Selective metal leaching from technosols based on synthetic root exudate composition. J Environ Sci (China) 2020; 96:85-92. [PMID: 32819702 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2020.04.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2020] [Revised: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This study focused on metal release from technosols induced by synthetic root exudate (SRE). The effect of SRE composition on metal release was studied using six technosols. This was done by treating the technosols with SRE solutions having varying concentrations of low molecular weight organic acids (LMWOAs), namely oxalic, citric, and malic acids. Consequently, the physico-chemical parameters (pH and electric conductivity), Ca, Mg, Fe, Zn, and Cu release (by atomic absorption spectroscopy, AAS), chemical changes (by Fourier transform infrared, FT-IR), and organic parameters (by fluorescence) were investigated. Metal release showed to be dependent on the SRE composition and technosol characteristics. Citric acid selectively released Ca, Mg, Zn, and Cu from technosols in a concentration-dependent manner; oxalic acid showed a significant role in the release of Mg and Fe. Under relatively high LMWOA concentrations, particulate organo-mineral complexes precipitated. Additionally, technosol weathering was seen by the dissolution of humic substances and ferriallophanes, which in turn caused metal release. However, re-precipitation of these phases showed to re-sorb metals, thus underestimating the role of LMWOAs in metal release. Therefore, the selective metal leaching was highly dependent on the SRE composition and LMWOA concentrations on one hand, and on the mineral, organic, and organo-mineral components of the technosols on the other. The understanding of such processes is crucial for proposing and implementing environmental management strategies to reduce metal leaching or for the beneficial re-usage of metals (e.g., for agromining) from technosols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hussein Jaafar Kanbar
- Research and Analysis Platform for Environmental Sciences (PRASE), Doctoral School of Sciences and Technology (EDST), The Lebanese University, P.O. 5, Rafic Hariri Campus, Hadat, Lebanon; Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, SE-901 87, Umeå, Sweden.
| | - Zeinab Matar
- Research and Analysis Platform for Environmental Sciences (PRASE), Doctoral School of Sciences and Technology (EDST), The Lebanese University, P.O. 5, Rafic Hariri Campus, Hadat, Lebanon; Department of Earth and Life Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, The Lebanese University, Rafic Hariri Campus, Hadat, Lebanon; Laboratory of Georesources, Geosciences and Environment (L2GE), Faculty of Sciences, The Lebanese University, Fanar, Lebanon.
| | - Ghina Abed-AlHadi Safa
- Research and Analysis Platform for Environmental Sciences (PRASE), Doctoral School of Sciences and Technology (EDST), The Lebanese University, P.O. 5, Rafic Hariri Campus, Hadat, Lebanon; Department of Earth and Life Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, The Lebanese University, Rafic Hariri Campus, Hadat, Lebanon
| | - Veronique Kazpard
- Research and Analysis Platform for Environmental Sciences (PRASE), Doctoral School of Sciences and Technology (EDST), The Lebanese University, P.O. 5, Rafic Hariri Campus, Hadat, Lebanon; Department of Earth and Life Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, The Lebanese University, Rafic Hariri Campus, Hadat, Lebanon; Laboratory of Georesources, Geosciences and Environment (L2GE), Faculty of Sciences, The Lebanese University, Fanar, Lebanon
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Nakamura E, Kadooka C, Okutsu K, Yoshizaki Y, Takamine K, Goto M, Tamaki H, Futagami T. Citrate exporter enhances both extracellular and intracellular citric acid accumulation in the koji fungi Aspergillus luchuensis mut. kawachii and Aspergillus oryzae. J Biosci Bioeng 2020; 131:68-76. [PMID: 32967811 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2020.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 08/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/06/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Citrate exporter CexA plays a key role in the production of citric acid in fungi; however, its role in intracellular metabolism has remained unclear. In this study, we comparably characterized homologous cexA genes in the white koji fungus Aspergillus luchuensis mut. kawachii and the yellow koji fungus Aspergillus oryzae, which exhibit high and low abilities, respectively, to produce citric acid. Disruption of cexA caused a significant decline of both extracellular and intracellular citric acid accumulation in Aspergillus kawachii, while overexpression of the A. kawachii cexA gene (AkcexA) into A. oryzae significantly enhanced both extracellular and intracellular citric acid accumulation in A. oryzae to a level comparable to that of A. kawachii. In addition, overexpression of two intrinsic cexA homologs (AocexA and AocexB) in A. oryzae also enhanced its extracellular and intracellular citric acid accumulation. Comprehensive analysis of intracellular metabolites from an AkcexA-overexpressing strain of A. oryzae compared with its control strain identified metabolic changes associated with intracellular citric acid accumulation via the glycolytic pathway, pentose phosphate pathway, and tricarboxylic acid cycle. Our results indicate that citric acid export enhances not only extracellular citric acid accumulation but also intracellular metabolic fluxes to generate citric acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eri Nakamura
- Education and Research Center for Fermentation Studies, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
| | - Chihiro Kadooka
- Education and Research Center for Fermentation Studies, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan; United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
| | - Kayu Okutsu
- Education and Research Center for Fermentation Studies, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
| | - Yumiko Yoshizaki
- Education and Research Center for Fermentation Studies, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan; United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
| | - Kazunori Takamine
- Education and Research Center for Fermentation Studies, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan; United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Goto
- United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan; Department of Applied Biochemistry and Food Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Saga University, Saga 840-8502, Japan
| | - Hisanori Tamaki
- Education and Research Center for Fermentation Studies, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan; United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
| | - Taiki Futagami
- Education and Research Center for Fermentation Studies, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan; United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan.
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193
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Żywicka A, Junka A, Ciecholewska-Juśko D, Migdał P, Czajkowska J, Fijałkowski K. Significant enhancement of citric acid production by Yarrowia lipolytica immobilized in bacterial cellulose-based carrier. J Biotechnol 2020; 321:13-22. [PMID: 32598978 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2020.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to improve the yield of citric acid (CA), an industrially valuable metabolite, obtained during Yarrowia lipolytica yeast culturing. To this end, Y. lipolytica cells were immobilized on a novel bacterial cellulose (BC) based carrier and subjected to four subsequent cycles of fed-batch culturing. During the fermentation process, yeasts metabolic stability, glucose consumption and CA production were analyzed. The results of our study have shown that BC-immobilized yeasts utilized more glucose than free cells and that the metabolic activity of BC-immobilized cells and the resultant CA production remained on a stable level throughout 4 fermentation batches, while the drop in free cells' metabolic stability and the consequent drop in CA production was observed with each subsequent batch. Also, the overall concentration of CA product was higher in immobilized vs. free yeasts (121-129 g/L vs. 99-110 g/L, respectively). The presented results indicate that the application of a BC carrier for Y. lipolytica culturing correlates not only with a higher yield of CA product but also with more stable and repeatable conditions of the biotechnological fermentation process. The results obtained in this study may find multiple biotechnological applications in which immobilization of various types of cells is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Żywicka
- West Pomeranian University of Technology, Department Microbiology and Biotechnology, Piastów 45, 70-311 Szczecin, Poland.
| | - Adam Junka
- Wrocław Medical University, Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Parasitology, Borowska 211A, 50-556Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Daria Ciecholewska-Juśko
- West Pomeranian University of Technology, Department Microbiology and Biotechnology, Piastów 45, 70-311 Szczecin, Poland.
| | - Paweł Migdał
- Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Department of Environment, Hygiene and Animal Welfare, 51-630 Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Joanna Czajkowska
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Łukasiewicz Research Network - PORT Polish Center For Technology Development, Stabłowicka 147, 54-066 Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Karol Fijałkowski
- West Pomeranian University of Technology, Department Microbiology and Biotechnology, Piastów 45, 70-311 Szczecin, Poland.
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194
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Yuan F, Sun Z, Li C, Tan Y, Zhang X, Zheng S. Multi-component design and in-situ synthesis of visible-light-driven SnO 2/g-C 3N 4/diatomite composite for high-efficient photoreduction of Cr(VI) with the aid of citric acid. J Hazard Mater 2020; 396:122694. [PMID: 32339876 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.122694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A novel ternary SnO2/g-C3N4/diatomite (SCN/DE) nanocomposite was rationally designed and successfully synthesized via a two-step method with in-situ polymerization and self-assembling. Under visible light illumination, the resulting SCN/DE composite exhibited superior photocatalytic performance and good reusability for the photoreduction of Cr(VI) to Cr(III) in the presence of citric acid, the apparent rate constant of SCN/DE composite was up to around 22.68 times, 13.53 times and 8.65 times as much as those of g-C3N4 (CN), g-C3N4/diatomite (CN/DE) and SnO2/g-C3N4 (SCN) composites, respectively. The citric acid is a co-catalyst (chelating agent) rather than a reactant during the reactive process. Besides, the intimate interface contact and ternary heterogeneous structure were established among the SnO2, g-C3N4 and diatomite. The induced positive charged surface of diatomite should be the key factor in enhancing photoactivity of the resultant SCN/DE composite, which significantly accelerated the charge separation of photogenerated electron-hole pairs as well as improved the adsorption performance towards Cr (VI). In particular, a possible reduction pathway of Cr(VI) to Cr(III) by SCN/DE composite with the assistance of citric acid was first investigated and proposed. This work provides a novel strategy for synthesizing highly efficient mineral-based photocatalysts with great promising application foreground for Cr(VI)-containing wastewater treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Yuan
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing), Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Zhiming Sun
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing), Beijing, 100083, China.
| | - Chunquan Li
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing), Beijing, 100083, China.
| | - Ye Tan
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing), Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Xiangwei Zhang
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing), Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Shuilin Zheng
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing), Beijing, 100083, China
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195
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Ke X, Zhang FJ, Zhou Y, Zhang HJ, Guo GL, Tian Y. Removal of Cd, Pb, Zn, Cu in smelter soil by citric acid leaching. Chemosphere 2020; 255:126690. [PMID: 32387903 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Soil washing has been verified as a feasible technology for source reduction for contaminated soil with heavy metals. We conducted batch and column leaching experiments to investigate the removal of Cd, Pb, Cu and Zn from smelter soil by citric acid. The removal efficiency of heavy metals by batch leaching reached a maximum (89.1% Cd, 26.8% Pb, 41.7% Zn, 14.2% Cu) at a concentration of 0.1 M and a pH of 5. Citric acid also removed 91.3%, 11.1%, 39.2% and 11.1% of Cd, Pb, Zn, and Cu respectively after column leaching. Citric acid mainly removed exchangeable, carbonate bound and oxide bound Cd, Pb, Cu and Zn fractions. Vertical distributions of Cd, Cu and Zn similarly increased with increasing soil depth. Chestnut shells were applied to the recovery of citric acid from the waste eluent, which removed 84.4%, 97.5%, 74.6%, 70.3% of Cd, Pb, Zn, and Cu, respectively, due to chestnut shell chelation. Fresh and regenerated citric acid was used in batch leaching of heavy metal-contaminated soil, and they showed similar ability to extract heavy metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Ke
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Clean Energy and College of Energy and Environmental, Shenyang Aerospace University, 110136, Shen Yang, China
| | - Fei Jie Zhang
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Clean Energy and College of Energy and Environmental, Shenyang Aerospace University, 110136, Shen Yang, China; Technical Centre For, Agricultural and Rural Ecology and Environment, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, 100012, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Zhou
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Clean Energy and College of Energy and Environmental, Shenyang Aerospace University, 110136, Shen Yang, China
| | - Hai Jun Zhang
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Clean Energy and College of Energy and Environmental, Shenyang Aerospace University, 110136, Shen Yang, China
| | - Guan Lin Guo
- Technical Centre For, Agricultural and Rural Ecology and Environment, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, 100012, Beijing, China.
| | - Yu Tian
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Clean Energy and College of Energy and Environmental, Shenyang Aerospace University, 110136, Shen Yang, China
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196
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Mahmoud GAE, Soltan HAH, Abdel-Aleem WM, Osman SAM. Safe natural bio-pigment production by Monascus purpureus using mixed carbon sources with cytotoxicity evaluation on root tips of Allium cepa L. J Food Sci Technol 2020; 58:2516-2527. [PMID: 34194088 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-020-04758-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
By increasing the undesirable side effects of synthetic food pigments on human health, using safe natural food pigment become an urgent issue. Incorporate corn starch with oils conducted a high impact on red pigment production by Monascus purpureus. Fortification the medium with sesame oil raised the pigment production by 80% and the dry mass by 63% compared with free oil medium. Response surface methodology maximizes the production with 114.6% (12.8 A500) using medium constituents (g/l); Sesame oil 5; Corn starch 30; Yeast extract 1.5; KH2PO4 2.5 and MgSO4.7H2O 0.1. After evaluating red pigment stability in three common food components, citric acid showed a great effect on residual stability percentage compared with ascorbic and salicylic acid which decrease slightly the residual stability percentage at light and dark conditions. The mitotic index of red pigment was lower than the negative control at all tested concentrations. Different types of mitotic chromosomal abnormalities e.g. lagging chromosome, chromosomal bridge, chromosome and chromatin fragments, outside chromosome, chromosomal stickiness and micro nuclei were recorded. Insignificant increase in total mitotic aberrations percentage in all tested root tips treated with all concentrations of red pigment (1.23, 1.58, 1.63, 2.32 and 2.40%) compared with negative control (0.91%). There was a significant increase in total aberrations percentage after treatment with all concentrations (10, 15, 20 and 25%) of positive control (2.93, 3.00, 3.55 and 6.53 respectively) except (5%) which was insignificant (2.71%). From the previous data, this red pigment can be used as an alternative safe pigment in the food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hassan A H Soltan
- Central Laboratory of Organic Agriculture, Agriculture Research Center, Giza, Egypt
| | | | - Sayed A M Osman
- Genetics Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Minia University, Minia, Egypt
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197
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Orsu P, Matta S. Fabrication and characterization of carboxymethyl guar gum nanocomposite for application of wound healing. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 164:2267-2276. [PMID: 32763402 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.07.322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 07/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Bio scaffolds used for cutaneous tissue regeneration is a challenging issue in the healthcare system. To help this problem, we aimed to report on fabrication and characterization of citric acid cross-linked carboxymethyl guar gum (CMGG) nanocomposite films loaded with ciprofloxacin for faster wound healing application. Differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) and attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy studies, dynamic light scattering (DLS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were used as analytical techniques for characterization of the nanocomposite film. The morphological characters of nanocomposite film were determined by SEM. The prepared scaffolds were evaluated for the carboxyl content and swelling ratio. Ciprofloxacin was loaded into scaffold and drug release was studied at pH 7.4. The hemolysis assay was used to study the biocompatibility of scaffold films. The formation of ester cross-links between citric acid and CMGG was confirmed by DSC and ATR- FTIR. The total carboxyl content of scaffold was found to be decreased when the amount of CMGG was increased. The swelling of scaffold film was found to be decreased with increase in curing temperature and time. CMGG scaffold films showed high drug loading with non-Fickian release mechanism suggesting controlled release of drug. In vivo wound healing studies were carried out for 5 days. In this study we observed a faster wound healing effect within 5 days by incorporation of ciprofloxacin in the CMGG film and found biocompatible. Hence, these Nanocomposite films show greater potential in treating wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prabhakar Orsu
- GITAM Institute of Pharmacy, GITAM Deemed to be University, Visakhapatnam 530045, India.
| | - Saloni Matta
- GITAM Institute of Pharmacy, GITAM Deemed to be University, Visakhapatnam 530045, India
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198
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Caba-Paulino CE, Manfredi GGP, Zangrando MSR, Damante CA, Passanezi Sant'Ana AC, Aguiar Greghi SL, de Rezende MLR. The concentration of citric acid as dental root conditioner influences the behavior of fibroblasts from human periodontal ligament. Arch Oral Biol 2020; 118:104839. [PMID: 32736141 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2020.104839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study investigated the behavior of fibroblasts from human periodontal ligament (hPLF) cultured on dental roots subjected to different protocols of citric acid conditioning. MATERIALS AND METHODS 32 human teeth extracted due to advanced periodontal disease provided 63 radicular fragments, which were randomly divided in groups according to the treatment given to the surface: rinsing with saline solution for 90 s (C), 10 % citric acid (CA10), or 50 % citric acid (CA50). The treatments were applied during 90 s, 120 s and 180 s (n = 9). hPLF were cultured for 24, 48 and 72 h (n = 3) on the treated samples and analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) for surface area covered by cells and dentinal tubules widening. RESULTS Excepting group C, all the other groups showed almost complete coverage of root surface by hPLF with time. At 24 h of cell culture, the largest area of coverage was seen in the samples treated with CA10-90 (98 ± 0.89 %) at 24 h of cell culture and this difference was significant (p < 0.05) in comparison to CA10-180 (84.04 ± 5.01 %), CA50-90 (63.28 ± 12.46 %), CA50-180 (56.59 ± 8.76 %) and C (0.06 ± 0.11 %). In all the other comparisons, there was no statistically significant differences between CA10 and CA50 (p > 0.05). Cells grown on surfaces treated with CA10 were more spread and flatten than in the CA50 specimens. CONCLUSIONS Periodontally compromised roots surfaces conditioned with 10 % citric acid for 90 s resulted in better substrate for hPLF proliferation, in initial periods of culture than 50 % citric acid. The enlargement of the dentinal tubules did not seem to be influenced by the acid concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Emilia Caba-Paulino
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontics, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, SP, Brazil
| | - Gustavo G P Manfredi
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontics, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, SP, Brazil
| | - Mariana S R Zangrando
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontics, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, SP, Brazil
| | - Carla Andreotti Damante
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontics, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Sebastião Luiz Aguiar Greghi
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontics, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, SP, Brazil
| | - Maria Lucia Rubo de Rezende
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontics, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, SP, Brazil.
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199
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Bergua F, Delso I, Muñoz-Embid J, Lafuente C, Artal M. Structure and properties of two glucose-based deep eutectic systems. Food Chem 2020; 336:127717. [PMID: 32763740 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.127717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Continued industrialization and increasing environmental problems have highlighted the need to research new eco-friendly solvents, also known as deep eutectic solvents (DESs). To implement these solvents in industrial processes, the knowledge of their molecular organization and thermophysical properties must be enhanced. In this work, two DESs have been characterized: d-glucose:choline chloride:water (GCH) and d-glucose:citric acid:water (GCiH). NMR techniques were used to analyse both the supramolecular structure and the role of water and to calculate the diffusion coefficients. Moreover, seven thermophysical properties at several temperatures were evaluated. As a second aim, the solubility of quercetin was determined. NMR studies showed a stronger supramolecular structure of GCH and a high ratio of β-glucose in both DESs. Based on the thermophysical results, the solvent with choline chloride had the most compact fluid structure. Finally, the solubility of quercetin in the DESs was higher than in water, especially for GCH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Bergua
- Departamento de Química Física, Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón-IA2 (Universidad de Zaragoza-CITA), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Ignacio Delso
- Departamento de Síntesis y Estructura de Biomoléculas, Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC, Spain
| | - José Muñoz-Embid
- Departamento de Química Física, Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón-IA2 (Universidad de Zaragoza-CITA), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Carlos Lafuente
- Departamento de Química Física, Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón-IA2 (Universidad de Zaragoza-CITA), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Manuela Artal
- Departamento de Química Física, Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón-IA2 (Universidad de Zaragoza-CITA), Zaragoza, Spain.
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200
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Rashid US, Bezbaruah AN. Citric acid modified granular activated carbon for enhanced defluoridation. Chemosphere 2020; 252:126639. [PMID: 32443281 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2019] [Revised: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Excess fluoride (F-, >1.5 mg F-/L) in drinking water affects >260 million people across the globe and leads to dental and skeletal fluorosis. In this study, commercially available granular activated carbon (GAC) was modified with 0.3 M citric acid to get citric acid modified GAC (CAGAC). Over 70% of fluoride was removed in the first 60 min by CAGAC, whereas unmodified GAC removed only 30%. There were negligible interferences by co-existing ions (NO3-, Cl-, HCO3-, SO42-, PO43-) and organic matters. Maximum adsorption capacity of CAGAC was two times (1.65 mg/g) that of unmodified GAC (0.88 mg/g). Dubinin-Radushkevich (D-R) isotherm described the experimental data well indicating that ion exchange was involved in fluoride removal. CAGAC worked effectively over a wide range of pH (2-10) even though the point-of-zero-charge (PZC) was 4.89, and so the removal was not controlled by electrostatic interaction alone; surface adsorption and intra-particle diffusion were the rate-determining processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umma Salma Rashid
- Nanoenvirology Research Group, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, 58105, USA.
| | - Achintya N Bezbaruah
- Nanoenvirology Research Group, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, 58105, USA.
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