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Rodríguez-Fdez S, Lorenzo-Martín LF, Fabbiano S, Menacho-Márquez M, Sauzeau V, Dosil M, Bustelo XR. New Functions of Vav Family Proteins in Cardiovascular Biology, Skeletal Muscle, and the Nervous System. Biology (Basel) 2021; 10:biology10090857. [PMID: 34571735 PMCID: PMC8472352 DOI: 10.3390/biology10090857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary In this review, we provide information on the role of Vav proteins, a group of signaling molecules that act as both Rho GTPase activators and adaptor molecules, in the cardiovascular system, skeletal muscle, and the nervous system. We also describe how these functions impact in other physiological and pathological processes such as sympathoregulation, blood pressure regulation, systemic metabolism, and metabolic syndrome. Abstract Vav proteins act as tyrosine phosphorylation-regulated guanosine nucleotide exchange factors for Rho GTPases and as molecular scaffolds. In mammals, this family of signaling proteins is composed of three members (Vav1, Vav2, Vav3) that work downstream of protein tyrosine kinases in a wide variety of cellular processes. Recent work with genetically modified mouse models has revealed that these proteins play key signaling roles in vascular smooth and skeletal muscle cells, specific neuronal subtypes, and glia cells. These functions, in turn, ensure the proper regulation of blood pressure levels, skeletal muscle mass, axonal wiring, and fiber myelination events as well as systemic metabolic balance. The study of these mice has also led to the discovery of new physiological interconnection among tissues that contribute to the ontogeny and progression of different pathologies such as, for example, hypertension, cardiovascular disease, and metabolic syndrome. Here, we provide an integrated view of all these new Vav family-dependent signaling and physiological functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Rodríguez-Fdez
- Molecular Mechanisms of Cancer Program, Centro de Investigación del Cáncer, CSIC-University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (S.R.-F.); (L.F.L.-M.); (S.F.); (M.M.-M.); (V.S.); (M.D.)
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer, CSIC-University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), CSIC-University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - L. Francisco Lorenzo-Martín
- Molecular Mechanisms of Cancer Program, Centro de Investigación del Cáncer, CSIC-University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (S.R.-F.); (L.F.L.-M.); (S.F.); (M.M.-M.); (V.S.); (M.D.)
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer, CSIC-University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), CSIC-University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Salvatore Fabbiano
- Molecular Mechanisms of Cancer Program, Centro de Investigación del Cáncer, CSIC-University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (S.R.-F.); (L.F.L.-M.); (S.F.); (M.M.-M.); (V.S.); (M.D.)
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer, CSIC-University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Mauricio Menacho-Márquez
- Molecular Mechanisms of Cancer Program, Centro de Investigación del Cáncer, CSIC-University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (S.R.-F.); (L.F.L.-M.); (S.F.); (M.M.-M.); (V.S.); (M.D.)
- Instituto de Inmunología Clínica y Experimental, CONICET, Rosario 3100, Argentina
| | - Vincent Sauzeau
- Molecular Mechanisms of Cancer Program, Centro de Investigación del Cáncer, CSIC-University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (S.R.-F.); (L.F.L.-M.); (S.F.); (M.M.-M.); (V.S.); (M.D.)
- Institut du Thorax, UMR1087 CNRS 6291, INSERM, Université de Nantes, 44096 Nantes, France
| | - Mercedes Dosil
- Molecular Mechanisms of Cancer Program, Centro de Investigación del Cáncer, CSIC-University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (S.R.-F.); (L.F.L.-M.); (S.F.); (M.M.-M.); (V.S.); (M.D.)
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer, CSIC-University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), CSIC-University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Xosé R. Bustelo
- Molecular Mechanisms of Cancer Program, Centro de Investigación del Cáncer, CSIC-University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (S.R.-F.); (L.F.L.-M.); (S.F.); (M.M.-M.); (V.S.); (M.D.)
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer, CSIC-University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), CSIC-University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-663-194-634
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Peri-Okonny PA, Velasco A, Lodhi H, Wang Z, Arbique D, Adams-Huet B, Iwamoto G, Mitchell JH, Mizuno M, Smith S, Vongpatanasin W. Differential effects of eplerenone versus amlodipine on muscle metaboreflex function in hypertensive humans. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich) 2021; 23:1706-1714. [PMID: 34432358 PMCID: PMC8678726 DOI: 10.1111/jch.14333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Numerous studies have demonstrated that sympathetic nervous system overactivation during exercise in hypertensive rodents and humans is due, in part, to an exaggerated reflex response known as the exercise pressor reflex. Our prior studies have implicated a key role of mineralocorticoid receptor activation in mediating an augmented exercise pressor reflex in spontaneously hypertensive rats, which is mitigated by blockade with eplerenone. However, the effect of eplerenone on exercise pressor reflex has not been assessed in human hypertension. Accordingly, the authors performed a randomized crossover study to compare the effects of eplerenone to another antihypertensive drug from a different class amlodipine on sympathetic nerve activity (SNA) in 14 patients with uncomplicated hypertension. The authors found that amlodipine unexpectedly augmented the increase in SNA during the second minute of isometric handgrip, which persisted into the post‐exercise circulatory arrest period (∆ SNA, from rest of 15 ± 2 vs. 9 ± 2 vs. 10 ± 2 bursts/min, amlodipine vs. baseline vs. eplerenone, respectively, p < .01), suggesting an exaggerated muscle metaboreflex function. Eplerenone did not alter sympathetic responses to exercise or post‐exercise circulatory arrest in the same hypertensive individuals. In conclusions, our studies provide the first direct evidence for a potentially unfavorable potentiation of muscle metaboreflex by amlodipine during isometric handgrip exercise in hypertensive patients whereas eplerenone has no significant effect. Our study may have clinical implications in terms of selection of antihypertensive agents that have the least detrimental effects on sympathetic neural responses to isometric exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poghni A Peri-Okonny
- Hypertension Section, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Alejandro Velasco
- Hypertension Section, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Hamza Lodhi
- Hypertension Section, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Zhongyun Wang
- Hypertension Section, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Debbie Arbique
- Hypertension Section, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Beverley Adams-Huet
- Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Gary Iwamoto
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Jere H Mitchell
- Cardiology Division, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Masaki Mizuno
- Department of Health Care Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Scott Smith
- Department of Health Care Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Wanpen Vongpatanasin
- Hypertension Section, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA.,Cardiology Division, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
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203
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Quarti-Trevano F, Seravalle G, Grassi G. Clinical Relevance of the Sympathetic-Vascular Interactions in Health and Disease. Biomedicines 2021; 9:1007. [PMID: 34440211 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9081007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The sympathetic nervous system is known to play a pivotal role in the short- and long-term regulation of different cardiovascular functions. In recent decades, increasing evidence has demonstrated that sympathetic neural influences are involved not only in the vasomotor modulation of small resistance arteries but also in the control of large arteries. Sympathetic activity and vascular function, which are key factors in the pathophysiology and prognosis of cardiovascular disease, are linked by a close relationship. Evidence from experimental studies indicates that the sympathetic nervous system is critically influenced, at the central and also at the peripheral level, by the most relevant factors regulating vascular function, namely nitric oxide, reactive oxygen species and endothelin. Additionally, there is evidence of a reciprocal influence between endothelial function and sympathetic mechanisms. This paper will provide an overview of the relationships between endothelial function and the sympathetic nervous system characterizing physiological states. It will also briefly mention the alterations described in cardiovascular disease, with particular emphasis on essential hypertension and congestive heart failure, i.e., the two pathological states in which endothelial dysfunction and neuroadrenergic activation appear to be relevant factors for determining cardiovascular prognosis.
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204
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Yang J, Luan JC, Chen JH, Zhang QJ, Xue JX, Wang YM, Zhu GQ, Song NH, Wang ZJ, Xia JD. Prostate-derived IL-1β upregulates expression of NMDA receptor in the paraventricular nucleus and shortens ejaculation latency in rats with experimental autoimmune prostatitis. Asian J Androl 2021; 24:213-218. [PMID: 34396994 PMCID: PMC8887094 DOI: 10.4103/aja202142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Experimental autoimmune prostatitis (EAP)-induced persistent inflammatory immune response can significantly upregulate the expression of N-methyl-D-aspartic acid (NMDA) receptors in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN). However, the mechanism has not yet been elucidated. Herein, we screened out the target prostate-derived inflammation cytokines (PDICs) by comparing the inflammatory cytokine levels in peripheral blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) between EAP rats and their controls. After identifying the target PDIC, qualified males in initial copulatory behavior testing (CBT) were subjected to implanting tubes onto bilateral PVN. Next, they were randomly divided into four subgroups (EAP-1, EAP-2, Control-1, and Control-2). After 1-week recovery, EAP-1 rats were microinjected with the target PDIC inhibitor, Control-1 rats were microinjected with the target PDIC, while the EAP-2 and Control-2 subgroups were only treated with the same amount of artificial CSF (aCSF). Results showed that only interleukin-1β (IL-1β) had significantly increased mRNA-expression in the prostate of EAP rats compared to the controls (P < 0.001) and significantly higher protein concentrations in both the serum (P = 0.001) and CSF (P < 0.001) of the EAP groups compared to the Control groups. Therefore, IL-1β was identified as the target PDIC which crosses the blood-brain barrier, thereby influencing the central nervous system. Moreover, the EAP-1 subgroup displayed a gradually prolonged ejaculation latency (EL) in the last three CBTs (all P < 0.01) and a significantly lower expression of NMDA NR1 subunit in the PVN (P = 0.043) compared to the respective control groups after a 10-day central administration of IL-1β inhibitors. However, the Control-1 subgroup showed a gradually shortened EL (P < 0.01) and a significantly higher NR1 expression (P = 0.004) after homochronous IL-1β administration. Therefore, we identified IL-1β as the primary PDIC which shortens EL in EAP rats. However, further studies should be conducted to elucidate the specific molecular mechanisms through which IL-1β upregulates NMDA expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Yang
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Jiao-Chen Luan
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Jian-Huai Chen
- Department of Andrology, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Qi-Jie Zhang
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Jian-Xin Xue
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Ya-Min Wang
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Guo-Qing Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease and Molecular Intervention, Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Ning-Hong Song
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Zeng-Jun Wang
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Jia-Dong Xia
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210008, China
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205
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Hearon CM, Howden EJ, Fu Q, Yoo JK, Dias KA, Roberts-Reeves MA, Samels M, Sarma S, Nesbitt S, Vongpatanasin W, Goldstein DS, Addo T, Levine BD. Evidence of Reduced Efferent Renal Sympathetic Innervation After Chemical Renal Denervation in Humans. Am J Hypertens 2021; 34:744-752. [PMID: 33677553 DOI: 10.1093/ajh/hpab022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Renal denervation (RDN) is effective at lowering blood pressure. However, it is unknown if ablative procedures elicit sympathetic denervation of the kidneys in humans. The aim of this investigation was to assess sympathetic innervation of the renal cortex following perivascular chemical RDN, which may be particularly effective at ablating perivascular efferent and afferent nerves. METHODS Seven hypertensive patients (4F:3M; 50-65 years) completed PET-CT sympathetic neuroimaging of the renal cortex using 11C-methylreboxetine (11C-MRB, norepinephrine transporter ligand) and 6-[18F]-fluorodopamine (18F-FDA; substrate for the cell membrane norepinephrine transporter) before and 8 weeks after chemical RDN (Peregrine System Infusion Catheter, Ablative Solutions; n = 4; 2F:2M) or control renal angiography (n = 3; 2F:1M). Patients completed physiological phenotyping including 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure, hemodynamics, muscle sympathetic nerve activity, and 24-hour urine collection. RESULTS RDN decreased 11C-MRB-derived radioactivity by ~30% (Δ 11C-MRB/chamber: -0.95 a.u. confidence interval (CI): -1.36 to -0.54, P = 0.0002), indicative of efferent RDN. In contrast, 18F-FDA-derived radioactivity increased (Δ 18F-FDA/chamber: 2.72 a.u. CI: 0.73-4.71, P = 0.009), consistent with reduced vesicular turnover. Controls showed no change in either marker. Ambulatory systolic pressure decreased in 3 of 4 patients (-9 mm Hg CI: -27 to 9, P = 0.058), and central systolic pressure decreased in all patients (-23 mm Hg CI: -51 to 5, P = 0.095). CONCLUSIONS These results are the first to show efferent sympathetic denervation of the renal cortex following RDN in humans. Further studies of mechanisms underlying variable blood pressure lowering in the setting of documented RDN may provide insights into inconsistencies in clinical trial outcomes. CLINICAL TRIALS REGISTRATION Trial Number NCT03465917.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher M Hearon
- Institute for Exercise and Environmental Medicine, Texas Health Presbyterian Hospital Dallas, Dallas, Texas, USA
- Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Erin J Howden
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Qi Fu
- Institute for Exercise and Environmental Medicine, Texas Health Presbyterian Hospital Dallas, Dallas, Texas, USA
- Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Jeung-Ki Yoo
- Institute for Exercise and Environmental Medicine, Texas Health Presbyterian Hospital Dallas, Dallas, Texas, USA
- Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Katrin A Dias
- Institute for Exercise and Environmental Medicine, Texas Health Presbyterian Hospital Dallas, Dallas, Texas, USA
- Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Monique A Roberts-Reeves
- Institute for Exercise and Environmental Medicine, Texas Health Presbyterian Hospital Dallas, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Mitchel Samels
- Institute for Exercise and Environmental Medicine, Texas Health Presbyterian Hospital Dallas, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Satyam Sarma
- Institute for Exercise and Environmental Medicine, Texas Health Presbyterian Hospital Dallas, Dallas, Texas, USA
- Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Shawna Nesbitt
- Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Wanpen Vongpatanasin
- Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - David S Goldstein
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Tayo Addo
- Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Benjamin D Levine
- Institute for Exercise and Environmental Medicine, Texas Health Presbyterian Hospital Dallas, Dallas, Texas, USA
- Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
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206
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Grassi G, Quarti-Trevano F, Seravalle G, Dell'Oro R, Vanoli J, Perseghin G, Mancia G. Sympathetic Neural Mechanisms Underlying Attended and Unattended Blood Pressure Measurement. Hypertension 2021; 78:1126-1133. [PMID: 34365811 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.121.17657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
[Figure: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Guido Grassi
- Clinica Medica, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca (G.G., F.Q.-T., G.S., R.D., J.V.)
| | - Fosca Quarti-Trevano
- Clinica Medica, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca (G.G., F.Q.-T., G.S., R.D., J.V.)
| | - Gino Seravalle
- Clinica Medica, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca (G.G., F.Q.-T., G.S., R.D., J.V.)
| | - Raffaella Dell'Oro
- Clinica Medica, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca (G.G., F.Q.-T., G.S., R.D., J.V.)
| | - Jennifer Vanoli
- Clinica Medica, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca (G.G., F.Q.-T., G.S., R.D., J.V.)
| | - Gianluca Perseghin
- Department of Medicine and Rehabilitation, Policlinico di Monza, Monza, Italy (G.P.).,Policlinico di Monza, Monza and University Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy (G.P., G.M.)
| | - Giuseppe Mancia
- Policlinico di Monza, Monza and University Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy (G.P., G.M.)
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207
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Cosgrave J, Phillips J, Haines R, Foster RG, Steinsaltz D, Wulff K. Revisiting nocturnal heart rate and heart rate variability in insomnia: A polysomnography-based comparison of young self-reported good and poor sleepers. J Sleep Res 2021; 30:e13278. [PMID: 33622029 PMCID: PMC8577225 DOI: 10.1111/jsr.13278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Primary insomnia is often considered a disorder of 24-hr hyperarousal. Numerous attempts have been made to investigate nocturnal heart rate (HR) and its variability (HRV) as potential pathophysiological hallmarks of altered arousal levels in insomnia, with mixed results. We have aimed to overcome some of the pitfalls of previous studies by using a young, medication-free, age- and gender-matched population consisting of 43 students aged 18-30 years half with a subthreshold insomnia complaint. We employed at-home ambulatory polysomnography and compared this attenuated insomnia group to a good sleeping group. The poor sleepers had significantly higher wake after sleep onset, arousal count, mean HR in all sleep stages (with the exception of Stage 1) and lower sleep efficiency. Consistent with previous research, we also found a significant group-by-sleep stage interaction in the prediction of nocturnal HR, highlighting the insomnia group to have a lower wake-sleep HR reduction compared to good sleepers. When restricting our analyses to insomnia with objectively determined short sleep duration, we found significantly lower standard deviation of RR intervals (SDNN; a measure of HRV) compared to good sleepers. Taken together, this lends credence to the hyperarousal model of insomnia and may at least partially explain the increased prevalence of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality observed in patients with insomnia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Cosgrave
- Sleep and Circadian Neuroscience InstituteNDCNThe Sir William Dunn School of PathologyUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
- Department of Clinical, Educational and Health PsychologyUniversity College LondonLondonUK
| | | | - Ross Haines
- Department of StatisticsUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Russell G. Foster
- Sleep and Circadian Neuroscience InstituteNDCNThe Sir William Dunn School of PathologyUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - David Steinsaltz
- Department of Clinical, Educational and Health PsychologyUniversity College LondonLondonUK
| | - Katharina Wulff
- Departments of Radiation Sciences and Molecular BiologyUmeå UniversityUmeåSweden
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine (WCMM)Umeå UniversityUmeåSweden
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208
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Nolde JM, Marisol Lugo‐Gavidia L, Carnagarin R, Azzam O, Galindo Kiuchi M, Mian A, Schlaich MP. Machine learning powered tools for automated analysis of muscle sympathetic nerve activity recordings. Physiol Rep 2021; 9:e14996. [PMID: 34427381 PMCID: PMC8383713 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.14996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Automated analysis and quantification of physiological signals in clinical practice and medical research can reduce manual labor, increase efficiency, and provide more objective, reproducible results. To build a novel platform for the analysis of muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA), we employed state-of-the-art data processing and machine learning applications. Data processing methods for integrated MSNA recordings were developed to evaluate signals regarding the overall quality of the signal, the validity of individual signal peaks regarding the potential to be MSNA bursts and the timing of their occurrence. An overall probability score was derived from this flexible platform to evaluate each individual signal peak automatically. Overall, three deep neural networks were designed and trained to validate individual signal peaks randomly sampled from recordings representing only electrical noise and valid microneurography recordings. A novel data processing method for the whole signal was developed to differentiate between periods of valid MSNA signal recordings and periods in which the signal was not available or lost due to involuntary movement of the recording electrode. A probabilistic model for timing of the signal bursts was implemented as part of the system. Machine Learning algorithms and data processing tools were implemented to replicate the complex decision-making process of manual MSNA analysis. Validation of manual MSNA analysis including intra- and inter-rater validity and a comparison with automated MSNA tools is required. The developed toolbox for automated MSNA analysis can be extended in a flexible way to include algorithms based on other datasets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janis M. Nolde
- Dobney Hypertension CentreSchool of Medicine ‐ Royal Perth Hospital Research FoundationFaculty of MedicineDentistry & Health SciencesThe University of Western AustraliaPerthAustralia
| | - Leslie Marisol Lugo‐Gavidia
- Dobney Hypertension CentreSchool of Medicine ‐ Royal Perth Hospital Research FoundationFaculty of MedicineDentistry & Health SciencesThe University of Western AustraliaPerthAustralia
| | - Revathy Carnagarin
- Dobney Hypertension CentreSchool of Medicine ‐ Royal Perth Hospital Research FoundationFaculty of MedicineDentistry & Health SciencesThe University of Western AustraliaPerthAustralia
| | - Omar Azzam
- Dobney Hypertension CentreSchool of Medicine ‐ Royal Perth Hospital Research FoundationFaculty of MedicineDentistry & Health SciencesThe University of Western AustraliaPerthAustralia
| | - Márcio Galindo Kiuchi
- Dobney Hypertension CentreSchool of Medicine ‐ Royal Perth Hospital Research FoundationFaculty of MedicineDentistry & Health SciencesThe University of Western AustraliaPerthAustralia
| | - Ajmal Mian
- School of Computer Science and Software EngineeringThe University of Western AustraliaPerthAustralia
| | - Markus P. Schlaich
- Dobney Hypertension CentreSchool of Medicine ‐ Royal Perth Hospital Research FoundationFaculty of MedicineDentistry & Health SciencesThe University of Western AustraliaPerthAustralia
- Departments of Cardiology and NephrologyRoyal Perth HospitalPerthAustralia
- Neurovascular Hypertension & Kidney Disease LaboratoryBaker Heart and Diabetes InstituteMelbourneAustralia
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Takahashi S, Kasama S, Toyama T, Suzuki S, Ito Y, Nakata T, Kasahara M, Kurabayashi M. Assessment of therapeutic effects of statin on cardiac sympathetic nerve activity after reperfusion therapy in patients with first ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction and normal low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. J Nucl Cardiol 2021; 28:1449-1457. [PMID: 31440976 DOI: 10.1007/s12350-019-01857-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Statin treatment reduces enhanced cardiac sympathetic nerve activity (CSNA) in patients with heart disease, and reduces adverse cardiac events in patients with coronary artery disease. METHODS We retrospectively evaluated the first ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol < 120 mg/dL in our database who underwent 123I-metaiodobenzylguanidine (MIBG) scintigraphy 3 weeks after admission. Sixty STEMI patients after primary coronary angioplasty were selected, and used propensity score matching to compare patients treated with strong statin (n = 30), and those who did not (n = 30). Moreover, echocardiographic left ventricular (LV) parameters were determined, and plasma procollagen type III amino terminal peptide (PIIINP) was also measured before and 3 weeks after treatment. RESULTS Following primary angioplasty, age, gender, risk factors, culprit coronary artery, peak serum creatine phosphokinase concentration, and recanalization time were similar in the two groups. However, the statin group showed significantly lower delayed total defect score and washout rate evaluated by 123I-MIBG scintigraphy (22.4 ± 8.1 vs. 29.6 ± 10.5; P < 0.01, and 30.4 ± 8.9% vs. 40.1 ± 11.4%; P < 0.005, respectively) and higher delayed heart/mediastinum count ratio (2.17 ± 0.38 vs. 1.96 ± 0.30, P < 0.05) compared with the non-statin group. Moreover, the degree of change in LV parameters and PIIINP was more favorable in the statin group than in the non-statin group. CONCLUSIONS Administration of statin improves CSNA after reperfusion therapy in patients with first STEMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinya Takahashi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | - Shu Kasama
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan.
- Institute for Clinical and Translational Science, Nara Medical University Hospital, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara, Nara, 634-8522, Japan.
| | - Takuji Toyama
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | - Shota Suzuki
- Institute for Clinical and Translational Science, Nara Medical University Hospital, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara, Nara, 634-8522, Japan
| | - Yukie Ito
- Institute for Clinical and Translational Science, Nara Medical University Hospital, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara, Nara, 634-8522, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Nakata
- Second Department of Internal Medicine (Cardiology), Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Masato Kasahara
- Institute for Clinical and Translational Science, Nara Medical University Hospital, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara, Nara, 634-8522, Japan
| | - Masahiko Kurabayashi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
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210
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Debaud C, Tseng HW, Chedik M, Kulina I, Genêt F, Ruitenberg MJ, Levesque JP. Local and Systemic Factors Drive Ectopic Osteogenesis in Regenerating Muscles of Spinal-Cord-Injured Mice in a Lesion-Level-Dependent Manner. J Neurotrauma 2021; 38:2162-2175. [PMID: 33913747 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2021.0058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroimmune dysfunction is thought to promote the development of several acute and chronic complications in spinal cord injury (SCI) patients. Putative roles for adrenal stress hormones and catecholamines are increasingly being recognized, yet how these adversely affect peripheral tissue homeostasis and repair under SCI conditions remains elusive. Here, we investigated their influence in a mouse model of SCI with acquired neurogenic heterotopic ossification. We show that spinal cord lesions differentially influence muscular regeneration in a level-dependent manner and through a complex multi-step process that creates an osteopermissive environment within the first hours of injury. This cascade of events is shown to critically involve adrenergic signals and drive the acute release of the neuropeptide, substance P. Our findings generate new insights into the kinetics and processes that govern SCI-induced deregulations in skeletal muscle homeostasis and regeneration, thereby aiding the development of sequential therapeutic strategies that can prevent or attenuate neuromusculoskeletal complications in SCI patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Debaud
- Mater Research Institute-The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
- Spine Division, Orthopaedic Surgery Department, Queensland Health, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
- Université de Versailles Saint Quentin en Yvelines, U1179 INSERM, UFR des Sciences de la Santé-Simone Veil, Montigny-le-Bretonneux, France
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Saint Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Hsu-Wen Tseng
- Mater Research Institute-The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
| | - Malha Chedik
- Université de Versailles Saint Quentin en Yvelines, U1179 INSERM, UFR des Sciences de la Santé-Simone Veil, Montigny-le-Bretonneux, France
| | - Irina Kulina
- Mater Research Institute-The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
| | - François Genêt
- Université de Versailles Saint Quentin en Yvelines, U1179 INSERM, UFR des Sciences de la Santé-Simone Veil, Montigny-le-Bretonneux, France
- Service de Réhabilitation, Hôpital Raymond Poincaré, APHP, CIC-IT 1429, Garches, France
| | - Marc J Ruitenberg
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Saint Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jean-Pierre Levesque
- Mater Research Institute-The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
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211
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Azzam O, Carnagarin R, Lugo-Gavidia LM, Nolde J, Matthews VB, Schlaich MP. Bexagliflozin for type 2 diabetes: an overview of the data. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2021; 22:2095-2103. [PMID: 34292100 DOI: 10.1080/14656566.2021.1959915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors are a relatively novel glucose-lowering drugs (GLDs) which additionally promote weight loss and blood pressure reduction among other beneficial effects.Areas covered: This review reflects on the extra-glycemic effects of SGLT2 inhibitors and their impact on important clinical endpoints, and provides an overview of data relating to a newer member of the SGLT2 inhibitor class, bexagliflozin.Expert opinion: SGLT2 inhibitors, while consolidating glycemic control as adjunctive therapy, indisputably affect cardio-renal benefits in the T2D population which is prevalently afflicted by heightened cardiovascular risk and a disproportionately increased incidence of unfavorable cardiovascular and renal outcomes. The data from landmark trials demonstrate that beneficial effects of SGLT2 inhibitors extend to non-diabetic patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and/or heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). Preliminary findings from the BEST trial suggest that Bexagliflozin's effects reflect those of other licensed drugs in its class. Bexagliflozin has also been shown to be safe and effective in patients with diabetes and CKD stage 3b. If and when approved, it presents physicians with the prospect of an additional therapeutic option in managing patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D), and conceivably also, nondiabetic patients with established CKD and/or HFrEF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Azzam
- Dobney Hypertension Centre, School of Medicine - Royal Perth Hospital Unit, Royal Perth Hospital Research Foundation, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry & Health Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia.,Department of Medicine, Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Revathy Carnagarin
- Dobney Hypertension Centre, School of Medicine - Royal Perth Hospital Unit, Royal Perth Hospital Research Foundation, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry & Health Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Leslie Marisol Lugo-Gavidia
- Dobney Hypertension Centre, School of Medicine - Royal Perth Hospital Unit, Royal Perth Hospital Research Foundation, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry & Health Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Janis Nolde
- Dobney Hypertension Centre, School of Medicine - Royal Perth Hospital Unit, Royal Perth Hospital Research Foundation, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry & Health Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Vance B Matthews
- Dobney Hypertension Centre, School of Medicine - Royal Perth Hospital Unit, Royal Perth Hospital Research Foundation, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry & Health Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Markus P Schlaich
- Dobney Hypertension Centre, School of Medicine - Royal Perth Hospital Unit, Royal Perth Hospital Research Foundation, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry & Health Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia.,Departments of Cardiology and Nephrology, Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, Australia
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212
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Cano G, Hernan SL, Sved AF. Centrally Projecting Edinger-Westphal Nucleus in the Control of Sympathetic Outflow and Energy Homeostasis. Brain Sci 2021; 11:1005. [PMID: 34439626 PMCID: PMC8392615 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11081005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The centrally projecting Edinger-Westphal nucleus (EWcp) is a midbrain neuronal group, adjacent but segregated from the preganglionic Edinger-Westphal nucleus that projects to the ciliary ganglion. The EWcp plays a crucial role in stress responses and in maintaining energy homeostasis under conditions that require an adjustment of energy expenditure, by virtue of modulating heart rate and blood pressure, thermogenesis, food intake, and fat and glucose metabolism. This modulation is ultimately mediated by changes in the sympathetic outflow to several effector organs, including the adrenal gland, heart, kidneys, brown and white adipose tissues and pancreas, in response to environmental conditions and the animal's energy state, providing for appropriate energy utilization. Classic neuroanatomical studies have shown that the EWcp receives inputs from forebrain regions involved in these functions and projects to presympathetic neuronal populations in the brainstem. Transneuronal tracing with pseudorabies virus has demonstrated that the EWcp is connected polysynaptically with central circuits that provide sympathetic innervation to all these effector organs that are critical for stress responses and energy homeostasis. We propose that EWcp integrates multimodal signals (stress, thermal, metabolic, endocrine, etc.) and modulates the sympathetic output simultaneously to multiple effector organs to maintain energy homeostasis under different conditions that require adjustments of energy demands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgina Cano
- Department of Neuroscience, A210 Langley Hall, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA; (S.L.H.); (A.F.S.)
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213
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Xiao R, Ali S, Caligiuri MA, Cao L. Enhancing Effects of Environmental Enrichment on the Functions of Natural Killer Cells in Mice. Front Immunol 2021; 12:695859. [PMID: 34394087 PMCID: PMC8355812 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.695859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The environment of an organism can convey a powerful influence over its biology. Environmental enrichment (EE), as a eustress model, has been used extensively in neuroscience to study neurogenesis and brain plasticity. EE has also been used as an intervention for the treatment and prevention of neurological and psychiatric disorders with limited clinical application. By contrast, the effects of EE on the immune system are relatively less investigated. Recently, accumulating evidence has demonstrated that EE can robustly impact immune function. In this review, we summarize the major components of EE, the impact of EE on natural killer (NK) cells, EE's immunoprotective roles in cancer, and the underlying mechanisms of EE-induced NK cell regulation. Moreover, we discuss opportunities for translational application based on insights from animal research of EE-induced NK cell regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Run Xiao
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, The James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Seemaab Ali
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, The James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, Columbus, OH, United States
- Medical Scientist Training Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Michael A. Caligiuri
- Department of Hematology & Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, City of Hope National Medical Center and the Beckman Research Institute, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Lei Cao
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, The James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, Columbus, OH, United States
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214
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Zhou JJ, Shao JY, Chen SR, Li DP, Pan HL. α2δ-1-Dependent NMDA Receptor Activity in the Hypothalamus Is an Effector of Genetic-Environment Interactions That Drive Persistent Hypertension. J Neurosci 2021; 41:6551-6563. [PMID: 34193557 PMCID: PMC8318080 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0346-21.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The interplay between genetic and environmental factors is critically involved in hypertension development. The paraventricular nucleus (PVN) of the hypothalamus regulates sympathetic output during stress responses and chronic hypertension. In this study, we determined mechanisms of synaptic plasticity in the PVN in chronic stress-induced persistent hypertension in male borderline hypertensive rats (BHR), the first offspring of spontaneously hypertensive rats and normotensive Wistar-Kyoto rats. In Wistar-Kyoto rats, chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) increased arterial blood pressure (ABP) and heart rate, which quickly returned to baseline after CUMS ended. In contrast, in BHR, CUMS caused persistent elevation in ABP, which lasted at least 2 weeks after CUMS ended. CUMS also increased the mRNA level of α2δ-1 and synaptic protein levels of GluN1, α2δ-1, and α2δ-1-GluN1 complexes in the PVN in BHR. Furthermore, CUMS significantly increased the frequency of miniature EPSCs and the amplitude of NMDAR currents in spinally projecting PVN neurons in BHR; these increases were normalized by blocking NMDARs with AP5, inhibiting α2δ-1 with gabapentin, or disrupting the α2δ-1-NMDAR interaction with α2δ-1Tat peptide. Microinjection of AP5 or α2δ-1Tat peptide into the PVN normalized elevated ABP and renal sympathetic nerve activity in stressed BHR. In addition, systemically administered gabapentin or memantine attenuated higher ABP induced by CUMS in BHR. Our findings indicate that chronic stress-induced persistent hypertension is mediated by augmented sympathetic outflow via α2δ-1-bound NMDARs in the PVN. This new information provides a cellular and molecular basis for how the genetic-environment interactions cause persistent hypertension.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Chronic stress is a major risk factor for hypertension development, especially for individuals with a genetic predisposition to hypertension. Using a rat model of borderline hypertension, we showed that chronic stress induced long-lasting hypertension and sympathetic nerve hyperactivity, which were maintained by NMDAR activation in the hypothalamus. Chronic stress also increased the expression of α2δ-1, previously regarded as a Ca2+ channel subunit, promoting physical interaction with and synaptic trafficking of NMDARs in the hypothalamus. Inhibiting α2δ-1, blocking NMDARs, or disrupting α2δ-1-bound NMDARs reversed chronic stress-induced sympathetic outflow and persistent hypertension. Thus, α2δ-1-dependent NMDAR activity in the hypothalamus is an effector of genetic-environment interactions and may be targeted for treating stress-induced neurogenic hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Jing Zhou
- Center for Neuroscience and Pain Research, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Jian-Ying Shao
- Center for Neuroscience and Pain Research, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Shao-Rui Chen
- Center for Neuroscience and Pain Research, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - De-Pei Li
- Department of Medicine, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri 65211
| | - Hui-Lin Pan
- Center for Neuroscience and Pain Research, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030
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215
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Zhang TH, Tang XC, Xu LH, Wei YY, Hu YG, Cui HR, Tang YY, Chen T, Li CB, Zhou LL, Wang JJ. Imbalance Model of Heart Rate Variability and Pulse Wave Velocity in Psychotic and Nonpsychotic Disorders. Schizophr Bull 2021; 48:154-165. [PMID: 34313787 PMCID: PMC8781329 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbab080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Patients with psychiatric disorders have an increased risk of cardiovascular pathologies. A bidirectional feedback model between the brain and heart exists widely in both psychotic and nonpsychotic disorders. The aim of this study was to compare heart rate variability (HRV) and pulse wave velocity (PWV) functions between patients with psychotic and nonpsychotic disorders and to investigate whether subgroups defined by HRV and PWV features improve the transdiagnostic psychopathology of psychiatric classification. METHODS In total, 3448 consecutive patients who visited psychiatric or psychological health services with psychotic (N = 1839) and nonpsychotic disorders (N = 1609) and were drug-free for at least 2 weeks were selected. HRV and PWV indicators were measured via finger photoplethysmography during a 5-minute period of rest. Canonical variates were generated through HRV and PWV indicators by canonical correlation analysis (CCA). RESULTS All HRV indicators but none of the PWV indicators were significantly reduced in the psychotic group relative to those in the nonpsychotic group. After adjusting for age, gender, and body mass index, many indices of HRV were significantly reduced in the psychotic group compared with those in the nonpsychotic group. CCA analysis revealed 2 subgroups defined by distinct and relatively homogeneous patterns along HRV and PWV dimensions and comprising 19.0% (subgroup 1, n = 655) and 80.9% (subgroup 2, n = 2781) of the sample, each with distinctive features of HRV and PWV functions. CONCLUSIONS HRV functions are significantly impaired among psychiatric patients, especially in those with psychosis. Our results highlight important subgroups of psychiatric patients that have distinct features of HRV and PWV which transcend current diagnostic boundaries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Hong Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Xiao Chen Tang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Li Hua Xu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Yan Yan Wei
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Ye Gang Hu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Hui Ru Cui
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Ying Ying Tang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Tao Chen
- Big Data Research Lab, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada,Labor and Worklife Program, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA,Niacin (Shanghai) Technology Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Chun Bo Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Lin Lin Zhou
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Ji Jun Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China,CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology (CEBSIT), Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai, PR China,Institute of Psychology and Behavioral Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, PR China,To whom correspondence should be addressed; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders (No.13dz2260500), Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 600 Wanping Nan Road, Shanghai 200030, China; tel: +86-21-34773065, fax: +86-21-64387986, e-mail:
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216
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Hoffmann A, Ebert T, Hankir MK, Flehmig G, Klöting N, Jessnitzer B, Lössner U, Stumvoll M, Blüher M, Fasshauer M, Tönjes A, Miehle K, Kralisch S. Leptin Improves Parameters of Brown Adipose Tissue Thermogenesis in Lipodystrophic Mice. Nutrients 2021; 13:2499. [PMID: 34444659 PMCID: PMC8399124 DOI: 10.3390/nu13082499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipodystrophy syndromes (LD) are a heterogeneous group of very rare congenital or acquired disorders characterized by a generalized or partial lack of adipose tissue. They are strongly associated with severe metabolic dysfunction due to ectopic fat accumulation in the liver and other organs and the dysregulation of several key adipokines, including leptin. Treatment with leptin or its analogues is therefore sufficient to reverse some of the metabolic symptoms of LD in patients and in mouse models through distinct mechanisms. Brown adipose tissue (BAT) thermogenesis has emerged as an important regulator of systemic metabolism in rodents and in humans, but it is poorly understood how leptin impacts BAT in LD. Here, we show in transgenic C57Bl/6 mice overexpressing sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1c in adipose tissue (Tg (aP2-nSREBP1c)), an established model of congenital LD, that daily subcutaneous administration of 3 mg/kg leptin for 6 to 8 weeks increases body temperature without affecting food intake or body weight. This is associated with increased protein expression of the thermogenic molecule uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) and the sympathetic nerve marker tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) in BAT. These findings suggest that leptin treatment in LD stimulates BAT thermogenesis through sympathetic nerves, which might contribute to some of its metabolic benefits by providing a healthy reservoir for excess circulating nutrients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annett Hoffmann
- Medical Department III-Endocrinology, Nephrology, Rheumatology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, 04109 Leipzig, Germany; (T.E.); (G.F.); (B.J.); (U.L.); (M.S.); (M.B.); (A.T.); (K.M.); (S.K.)
- Department of General, Visceral, Transplant, Vascular and Pediatric Surgery, University Hospital Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany;
| | - Thomas Ebert
- Medical Department III-Endocrinology, Nephrology, Rheumatology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, 04109 Leipzig, Germany; (T.E.); (G.F.); (B.J.); (U.L.); (M.S.); (M.B.); (A.T.); (K.M.); (S.K.)
- Division of Renal Medicine, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Solna, Sweden
| | - Mohammed K. Hankir
- Department of General, Visceral, Transplant, Vascular and Pediatric Surgery, University Hospital Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany;
| | - Gesine Flehmig
- Medical Department III-Endocrinology, Nephrology, Rheumatology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, 04109 Leipzig, Germany; (T.E.); (G.F.); (B.J.); (U.L.); (M.S.); (M.B.); (A.T.); (K.M.); (S.K.)
| | - Nora Klöting
- Helmholtz Institute for Metabolic, Obesity and Vascular Research (HI-MAG) of the Helmholtz Zentrum München at the University of Leipzig, 04109 Leipzig, Germany;
| | - Beate Jessnitzer
- Medical Department III-Endocrinology, Nephrology, Rheumatology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, 04109 Leipzig, Germany; (T.E.); (G.F.); (B.J.); (U.L.); (M.S.); (M.B.); (A.T.); (K.M.); (S.K.)
| | - Ulrike Lössner
- Medical Department III-Endocrinology, Nephrology, Rheumatology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, 04109 Leipzig, Germany; (T.E.); (G.F.); (B.J.); (U.L.); (M.S.); (M.B.); (A.T.); (K.M.); (S.K.)
| | - Michael Stumvoll
- Medical Department III-Endocrinology, Nephrology, Rheumatology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, 04109 Leipzig, Germany; (T.E.); (G.F.); (B.J.); (U.L.); (M.S.); (M.B.); (A.T.); (K.M.); (S.K.)
| | - Matthias Blüher
- Medical Department III-Endocrinology, Nephrology, Rheumatology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, 04109 Leipzig, Germany; (T.E.); (G.F.); (B.J.); (U.L.); (M.S.); (M.B.); (A.T.); (K.M.); (S.K.)
- Helmholtz Institute for Metabolic, Obesity and Vascular Research (HI-MAG) of the Helmholtz Zentrum München at the University of Leipzig, 04109 Leipzig, Germany;
| | - Mathias Fasshauer
- Institute of Nutritional Science, Justus-Liebig-University, 35390 Giessen, Germany;
| | - Anke Tönjes
- Medical Department III-Endocrinology, Nephrology, Rheumatology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, 04109 Leipzig, Germany; (T.E.); (G.F.); (B.J.); (U.L.); (M.S.); (M.B.); (A.T.); (K.M.); (S.K.)
| | - Konstanze Miehle
- Medical Department III-Endocrinology, Nephrology, Rheumatology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, 04109 Leipzig, Germany; (T.E.); (G.F.); (B.J.); (U.L.); (M.S.); (M.B.); (A.T.); (K.M.); (S.K.)
| | - Susan Kralisch
- Medical Department III-Endocrinology, Nephrology, Rheumatology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, 04109 Leipzig, Germany; (T.E.); (G.F.); (B.J.); (U.L.); (M.S.); (M.B.); (A.T.); (K.M.); (S.K.)
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217
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Lkhagvasuren B, Mee-Inta O, Zhao ZW, Hiramoto T, Boldbaatar D, Kuo YM. Pancreas-Brain Crosstalk. Front Neuroanat 2021; 15:691777. [PMID: 34354571 PMCID: PMC8329585 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2021.691777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The neural regulation of glucose homeostasis in normal and challenged conditions involves the modulation of pancreatic islet-cell function. Compromising the pancreas innervation causes islet autoimmunity in type 1 diabetes and islet cell dysfunction in type 2 diabetes. However, despite the richly innervated nature of the pancreas, islet innervation remains ill-defined. Here, we review the neuroanatomical and humoral basis of the cross-talk between the endocrine pancreas and autonomic and sensory neurons. Identifying the neurocircuitry and neurochemistry of the neuro-insular network would provide clues to neuromodulation-based approaches for the prevention and treatment of diabetes and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Battuvshin Lkhagvasuren
- Brain Science Institute, Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
| | - Onanong Mee-Inta
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, National Cheng Kung University College of Medicine, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Zi-Wei Zhao
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, National Cheng Kung University College of Medicine, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Tetsuya Hiramoto
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Fukuoka Hospital, National Hospital Organization, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Damdindorj Boldbaatar
- Brain Science Institute, Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
| | - Yu-Min Kuo
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, National Cheng Kung University College of Medicine, Tainan, Taiwan.,Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, National Cheng Kung University College of Medicine, Tainan, Taiwan
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218
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Hansen AB, Moralez G, Amin SB, Simspon LL, Hofstaetter F, Anholm JD, Gasho C, Stembridge M, Dawkins TG, Tymko MM, Ainslie PN, Villafuerte F, Romero SA, Hearon CM, Lawley JS. Global REACH 2018: the adaptive phenotype to life with chronic mountain sickness and polycythaemia. J Physiol 2021; 599:4021-4044. [PMID: 34245004 DOI: 10.1113/jp281730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS Humans suffering from polycythaemia undergo multiple circulatory adaptations including changes in blood rheology and structural and functional vascular adaptations to maintain normal blood pressure and vascular shear stresses, despite high blood viscosity. During exercise, several circulatory adaptations are observed, especially involving adrenergic and non-adrenergic mechanisms within non-active and active skeletal muscle to maintain exercise capacity, which is not observed in animal models. Despite profound circulatory stress, i.e. polycythaemia, several adaptations can occur to maintain exercise capacity, therefore making early identification of the disease difficult without overt symptomology. Pharmacological treatment of the background heightened sympathetic activity may impair the adaptive sympathetic response needed to match local oxygen delivery to active skeletal muscle oxygen demand and therefore inadvertently impair exercise capacity. ABSTRACT Excessive haematocrit and blood viscosity can increase blood pressure, cardiac work and reduce aerobic capacity. However, past clinical investigations have demonstrated that certain human high-altitude populations suffering from excessive erythrocytosis, Andeans with chronic mountain sickness, appear to have phenotypically adapted to life with polycythaemia, as their exercise capacity is comparable to healthy Andeans and even with sea-level inhabitants residing at high altitude. By studying this unique population, which has adapted through natural selection, this study aimed to describe how humans can adapt to life with polycythaemia. Experimental studies included Andeans with (n = 19) and without (n = 17) chronic mountain sickness, documenting exercise capacity and characterizing the transport of oxygen through blood rheology, including haemoglobin mass, blood and plasma volume and blood viscosity, cardiac output, blood pressure and changes in total and local vascular resistances through pharmacological dissection of α-adrenergic signalling pathways within non-active and active skeletal muscle. At rest, Andeans with chronic mountain sickness had a substantial plasma volume contraction, which alongside a higher red blood cell volume, caused an increase in blood viscosity yet similar total blood volume. Moreover, both morphological and functional alterations in the periphery normalized vascular shear stress and blood pressure despite high sympathetic nerve activity. During exercise, blood pressure, cardiac work and global oxygen delivery increased similar to healthy Andeans but were sustained by modifications in both non-active and active skeletal muscle vascular function. These findings highlight widespread physiological adaptations that can occur in response to polycythaemia, which allow the maintenance of exercise capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander B Hansen
- Department of Sport Science, Division of Performance Physiology and Prevention, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Gilbert Moralez
- Department of Applied Clinical Research, University of Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Sachin B Amin
- Department of Sport Science, Division of Performance Physiology and Prevention, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Lydia L Simspon
- Department of Sport Science, Division of Performance Physiology and Prevention, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Florian Hofstaetter
- Department of Sport Science, Division of Performance Physiology and Prevention, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - James D Anholm
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California, USA
| | - Christopher Gasho
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California, USA
| | - Mike Stembridge
- Cardiff School of Sport and Health Sciences, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Tony G Dawkins
- Cardiff School of Sport and Health Sciences, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Michael M Tymko
- Physical Activity and Diabetes Laboratory, Faculty of Kinesiology, Sport and Recreation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.,Centre of Heart, Lung, and Vascular Health, School of Health and Exercise Sciences, University of British Columbia - Okanagan, Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Philip N Ainslie
- Centre of Heart, Lung, and Vascular Health, School of Health and Exercise Sciences, University of British Columbia - Okanagan, Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Francisco Villafuerte
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Comparada/Fisiología del Transporte de Oxígeno, Facultad de Ciencias y Filosofía, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | - Steven A Romero
- University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas, USA
| | - Christopher M Hearon
- Department of Applied Clinical Research, University of Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA.,Institute of Exercise and Environmental Medicine, Texas Health Presbyterian Dallas, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Justin S Lawley
- Department of Sport Science, Division of Performance Physiology and Prevention, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
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219
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Yeater TD, Clark DJ, Hoyos L, Valdes-Hernandez PA, Peraza JA, Allen KD, Cruz-Almeida Y. Chronic Pain is Associated With Reduced Sympathetic Nervous System Reactivity During Simple and Complex Walking Tasks: Potential Cerebral Mechanisms. Chronic Stress (Thousand Oaks) 2021; 5:24705470211030273. [PMID: 34286166 PMCID: PMC8267022 DOI: 10.1177/24705470211030273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Background Autonomic dysregulation may lead to blunted sympathetic reactivity in chronic pain states. Autonomic responses are controlled by the central autonomic network (CAN). Little research has examined sympathetic reactivity and associations with brain CAN structures in the presence of chronic pain; thus, the present study aims to investigate how chronic pain influences sympathetic reactivity and associations with CAN brain region volumes. Methods Sympathetic reactivity was measured as change in skin conductance level (ΔSCL) between a resting reference period and walking periods for typical and complex walking tasks (obstacle and dual-task). Participants included 31 people with (n = 19) and without (n = 12) chronic musculoskeletal pain. Structural 3 T MRI was used to determine gray matter volume associations with ΔSCL in regions of the CAN (i.e., brainstem, amygdala, insula, and anterior cingulate cortex). Results ΔSCL varied across walking tasks (main effect p = 0.036), with lower ΔSCL in chronic pain participants compared to controls across trials 2 and 3 under the obstacle walking condition. ΔSCL during typical walking was associated with multiple CAN gray matter volumes, including brainstem, bilateral insula, amygdala, and right caudal anterior cingulate cortex (p’s < 0.05). The difference in ΔSCL from typical-to-obstacle walking were associated with volumes of the midbrain segment of the brainstem and anterior segment of the circular sulcus of the insula (p’s < 0.05), with no other significant associations. The difference in ΔSCL from typical-to-dual task walking was associated with the bilateral caudal anterior cingulate cortex, and left rostral cingulate cortex (p’s < 0.05). Conclusions Sympathetic reactivity is blunted during typical and complex walking tasks in persons with chronic pain. Additionally, blunted sympathetic reactivity is associated with CAN brain structure, with direction of association dependent on brain region. These results support the idea that chronic pain may negatively impact typical autonomic responses needed for walking performance via its potential impact on the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor D Yeater
- Pain Research & Intervention Center of Excellence, University of Florida, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.,J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - David J Clark
- Department of Aging and Geriatric Research, University of Florida, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.,Brain Rehabilitation Research Center, Malcom Randall VA Medical Center, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Lorraine Hoyos
- Pain Research & Intervention Center of Excellence, University of Florida, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.,Department of Aging and Geriatric Research, University of Florida, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Pedro A Valdes-Hernandez
- Pain Research & Intervention Center of Excellence, University of Florida, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.,Department of Aging and Geriatric Research, University of Florida, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.,Department of Community Dentistry & Behavioral Sciences, University of Florida, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Julio A Peraza
- Pain Research & Intervention Center of Excellence, University of Florida, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Kyle D Allen
- Pain Research & Intervention Center of Excellence, University of Florida, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.,J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.,Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Florida, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Yenisel Cruz-Almeida
- Pain Research & Intervention Center of Excellence, University of Florida, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.,Department of Aging and Geriatric Research, University of Florida, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.,Department of Community Dentistry & Behavioral Sciences, University of Florida, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
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220
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Torres H, Huesing C, Burk DH, Molinas AJR, Neuhuber WL, Berthoud HR, Münzberg H, Derbenev AV, Zsombok A. Sympathetic innervation of the mouse kidney and liver arising from prevertebral ganglia. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2021; 321:R328-R337. [PMID: 34231420 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00079.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The sympathetic nervous system (SNS) plays a crucial role in the regulation of renal and hepatic functions. Although sympathetic nerves to the kidney and liver have been identified in many species, specific details are lacking in the mouse. In the absence of detailed information of sympathetic prevertebral innervation of specific organs, selective manipulation of a specific function will remain challenging. Despite providing major postganglionic inputs to abdominal organs, limited data are available about the mouse celiac-superior mesenteric complex. We used tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and dopamine β-hydroxylase (DbH) reporter mice to visualize abdominal prevertebral ganglia. We found that both the TH and DbH reporter mice are useful models for identification of ganglia and nerve bundles. We further tested if the celiac-superior mesenteric complex provides differential inputs to the mouse kidney and liver. The retrograde viral tracer, pseudorabies virus (PRV)-152 was injected into the cortex of the left kidney or the main lobe of the liver to identify kidney-projecting and liver-projecting neurons in the celiac-superior mesenteric complex. iDISCO immunostaining and tissue clearing were used to visualize unprecedented anatomical detail of kidney-related and liver-related postganglionic neurons in the celiac-superior mesenteric complex and aorticorenal and suprarenal ganglia compared with TH-positive neurons. Kidney-projecting neurons were restricted to the suprarenal and aorticorenal ganglia, whereas only sparse labeling was observed in the celiac-superior mesenteric complex. In contrast, liver-projecting postganglionic neurons were observed in the celiac-superior mesenteric complex and aorticorenal and suprarenal ganglia, suggesting spatial separation between the sympathetic innervation of the mouse kidney and liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayden Torres
- Neurobiology of Nutrition and Metabolism Department, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, Louisiana
| | - Clara Huesing
- Neurobiology of Nutrition and Metabolism Department, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, Louisiana
| | - David H Burk
- Neurobiology of Nutrition and Metabolism Department, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, Louisiana
| | - Adrien J R Molinas
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | | | - Hans-Rudolf Berthoud
- Neurobiology of Nutrition and Metabolism Department, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, Louisiana
| | - Heike Münzberg
- Neurobiology of Nutrition and Metabolism Department, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, Louisiana
| | - Andrei V Derbenev
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana.,Brain Institute, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Andrea Zsombok
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana.,Brain Institute, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana
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221
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Abstract
The sympathetic nervous system overdrive occurring in heart failure has been reported since more than half a century. Refinements in the methodological approaches to assess human sympathetic neural function have allowed during recent years to better define various aspects related to the neuroadrenergic alteration. These include 1) the different participation of the individual regional sympathetic cardiovascular districts at the process, 2) the role of the central nervous system in determining the neuroadrenergic overdrive, 3) the involvement of baroreflex, cardiopulmonary reflex and chemoreflex mechanisms in the phoenomenon, which is also closely linked to inflammation and the immune reaction, 4) the relationships with the severity of the disease, its ischaemic or idiopathic nature and the preserved or reduced left ventricular ejection fraction and 5) the adverse functional and structural impact of the sympathetic activation on cardiovascular organs, such as the brain, the heart and the kidneys. Information have been also gained on the active role exerted by the sympathetic activation on the disease outcome and its potential relevance as target of the therapeutic interventions based on non-pharmacological, pharmacological and invasive approaches, including the renal denervation, the splanchnic sympathetic nerve ablation and the carotid baroreflex stimulation. The still undefined aspects of the neurogenic alterations and the unmet goals of the therapeutic approach having the sympathetic activation as a target of the intervention will be finally mentioned.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guido Grassi
- Clinica Medica, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca
| | - Giuseppe Mancia
- Policlinico di Monza and University Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Murray Esler
- Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
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222
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Castellanos-Jankiewicz A, Guzmán-Quevedo O, Fénelon VS, Zizzari P, Quarta C, Bellocchio L, Tailleux A, Charton J, Fernandois D, Henricsson M, Piveteau C, Simon V, Allard C, Quemener S, Guinot V, Hennuyer N, Perino A, Duveau A, Maitre M, Leste-Lasserre T, Clark S, Dupuy N, Cannich A, Gonzales D, Deprez B, Mithieux G, Dombrowicz D, Bäckhed F, Prevot V, Marsicano G, Staels B, Schoonjans K, Cota D. Hypothalamic bile acid-TGR5 signaling protects from obesity. Cell Metab 2021; 33:1483-1492.e10. [PMID: 33887197 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2021.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Bile acids (BAs) improve metabolism and exert anti-obesity effects through the activation of the Takeda G protein-coupled receptor 5 (TGR5) in peripheral tissues. TGR5 is also found in the brain hypothalamus, but whether hypothalamic BA signaling is implicated in body weight control and obesity pathophysiology remains unknown. Here we show that hypothalamic BA content is reduced in diet-induced obese mice. Central administration of BAs or a specific TGR5 agonist in these animals decreases body weight and fat mass by activating the sympathetic nervous system, thereby promoting negative energy balance. Conversely, genetic downregulation of hypothalamic TGR5 expression in the mediobasal hypothalamus favors the development of obesity and worsens established obesity by blunting sympathetic activity. Lastly, hypothalamic TGR5 signaling is required for the anti-obesity action of dietary BA supplementation. Together, these findings identify hypothalamic TGR5 signaling as a key mediator of a top-down neural mechanism that counteracts diet-induced obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Omar Guzmán-Quevedo
- University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, U1215, F-3300 Bordeaux, France; Laboratory of Neuronutrition and Metabolic Disorders, Instituto Tecnológico Superior de Tacámbaro, 61650 Tacámbaro, Michoacán, Mexico; Pós-Graduação em Neuropsiquiatria e Ciências do Comportamento, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 50732-970 Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Valérie S Fénelon
- University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, U1215, F-3300 Bordeaux, France
| | - Philippe Zizzari
- University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, U1215, F-3300 Bordeaux, France
| | - Carmelo Quarta
- University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, U1215, F-3300 Bordeaux, France
| | - Luigi Bellocchio
- University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, U1215, F-3300 Bordeaux, France
| | - Anne Tailleux
- University of Lille, INSERM, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011-EGID, F-59019 Lille, France
| | - Julie Charton
- University of Lille, INSERM, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1177 - Drugs and Molecules for Living Systems, EGID, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Daniela Fernandois
- University of Lille, INSERM, CHU Lille, Laboratory of Development and Plasticity of the Neuroendocrine Brain, Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, UMR-S1172, EGID, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Marcus Henricsson
- The Wallenberg Laboratory, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Catherine Piveteau
- University of Lille, INSERM, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1177 - Drugs and Molecules for Living Systems, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Vincent Simon
- University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, U1215, F-3300 Bordeaux, France
| | - Camille Allard
- University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, U1215, F-3300 Bordeaux, France
| | - Sandrine Quemener
- University of Lille, INSERM, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011-EGID, F-59019 Lille, France
| | - Valentine Guinot
- University of Lille, INSERM, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011-EGID, F-59019 Lille, France
| | - Nathalie Hennuyer
- University of Lille, INSERM, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011-EGID, F-59019 Lille, France
| | - Alessia Perino
- Institute of Bioengineering, Faculty of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Alexia Duveau
- University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, U1215, F-3300 Bordeaux, France
| | - Marlène Maitre
- University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, U1215, F-3300 Bordeaux, France
| | | | - Samantha Clark
- University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, U1215, F-3300 Bordeaux, France
| | - Nathalie Dupuy
- University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, U1215, F-3300 Bordeaux, France
| | - Astrid Cannich
- University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, U1215, F-3300 Bordeaux, France
| | - Delphine Gonzales
- University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, U1215, F-3300 Bordeaux, France
| | - Benoit Deprez
- University of Lille, INSERM, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1177 - Drugs and Molecules for Living Systems, EGID, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Gilles Mithieux
- INSERM U1213 Nutrition, Diabetes and the Brain, University of Lyon 1 Faculté de Médecine Lyon-Est, 69372 Lyon, France
| | - David Dombrowicz
- University of Lille, INSERM, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011-EGID, F-59019 Lille, France
| | - Fredrik Bäckhed
- The Wallenberg Laboratory, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden; Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 N Copenhagen, Denmark; Region Västra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Department of Clinical Physiology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Vincent Prevot
- University of Lille, INSERM, CHU Lille, Laboratory of Development and Plasticity of the Neuroendocrine Brain, Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, UMR-S1172, EGID, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Giovanni Marsicano
- University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, U1215, F-3300 Bordeaux, France
| | - Bart Staels
- University of Lille, INSERM, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011-EGID, F-59019 Lille, France
| | - Kristina Schoonjans
- Institute of Bioengineering, Faculty of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Daniela Cota
- University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, U1215, F-3300 Bordeaux, France.
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Piñol RA, Mogul AS, Hadley CK, Saha A, Li C, Škop V, Province HS, Xiao C, Gavrilova O, Krashes MJ, Reitman ML. Preoptic BRS3 neurons increase body temperature and heart rate via multiple pathways. Cell Metab 2021; 33:1389-1403.e6. [PMID: 34038711 PMCID: PMC8266747 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2021.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The preoptic area (POA) is a key brain region for regulation of body temperature (Tb), dictating thermogenic, cardiovascular, and behavioral responses that control Tb. Previously characterized POA neuronal populations all reduced Tb when activated. Using mice, we now identify POA neurons expressing bombesin-like receptor 3 (POABRS3) as a population whose activation increased Tb; inversely, acute inhibition of these neurons reduced Tb. POABRS3 neurons that project to either the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus or the dorsomedial hypothalamus increased Tb, heart rate, and blood pressure via the sympathetic nervous system. Long-term inactivation of POABRS3 neurons caused increased Tb variability, overshooting both increases and decreases in Tb set point, with RNA expression profiles suggesting multiple types of POABRS3 neurons. Thus, POABRS3 neuronal populations regulate Tb and heart rate, contribute to cold defense, and fine-tune feedback control of Tb. These findings advance understanding of homeothermy, a defining feature of mammalian biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramón A Piñol
- Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Obesity Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | - Allison S Mogul
- Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Obesity Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Colleen K Hadley
- Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Obesity Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Atreyi Saha
- Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Obesity Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Chia Li
- Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Obesity Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Vojtěch Škop
- Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Obesity Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Haley S Province
- Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Obesity Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Cuiying Xiao
- Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Obesity Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Oksana Gavrilova
- Mouse Metabolism Core, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Michael J Krashes
- Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Obesity Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Marc L Reitman
- Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Obesity Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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224
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Kushner J, Papa A, Marx SO. Use of Proximity Labeling in Cardiovascular Research. JACC Basic Transl Sci 2021; 6:598-609. [PMID: 34368510 PMCID: PMC8326230 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacbts.2021.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Protein-protein interactions are of paramount importance in regulating normal cardiac physiology. Methodologies to elucidate these interactions in vivo have been limited. Recently, proximity-dependent biotinylation, with the use of BioID, TurboID, and ascorbate peroxidase, has been developed to uncover cellular neighborhoods and novel protein-protein interactions. These cutting-edge techniques have enabled the identification of subcellular localizations of specific proteins and the neighbors or interacting proteins within these subcellular regions. In contrast to classic methods such as affinity purification and subcellular fractionation, these techniques add covalently bound tags in living cells, such that spatial relationships and interaction networks are not disrupted. Recently, these methodologies have been used to identify novel protein-protein interactions relevant to the cardiovascular system. In this review, we discuss the development and current use of proximity biotin-labeling for cardiovascular research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jared Kushner
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York, USA
| | - Arianne Papa
- Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, Columbia University, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York, USA
| | - Steven O. Marx
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
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225
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Goto T, Kikuchi S, Mori K, Nakayama T, Fukuta H, Seo Y, Narita H, Iida A, Ohte N. Cardiac β-Adrenergic Receptor Downregulation, Evaluated by Cardiac PET, in Chronotropic Incompetence. J Nucl Med 2021; 62:996-998. [PMID: 33443078 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.120.253419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanism of chronotropic incompetence (CTI), which has been associated with autonomic dysfunction, has not been elucidated in patients without heart failure (HF). Methods: Cardiac PET using 11C-CGP12177 was performed to investigate the cardiac β-adrenergic receptor density (β-ARD) in 13 patients with CTI without HF and 6 healthy controls. The maximum number of available specific 11C-CGP12177 binding sites per gram of tissue was calculated in regions of interest using an established graphical method. Results: Peak heart rate was significantly lower in CTI patients than in controls (116.9 ± 11.0 vs. 154.8 ± 14.4 beats/min, P < 0.001). β-ARD of the total myocardium was significantly lower in CTI patients than in controls (4.3 ± 1.7 vs. 7.0 ± 1.7 pmol/mL, P = 0.005). Conclusion: β-adrenergic receptor downregulation was demonstrated in patients with CTI without HF. Decreased β-ARD is a common feature in patients with CTI, with or without HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshihiko Goto
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan;
| | - Shohei Kikuchi
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kento Mori
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Takafumi Nakayama
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hidekatsu Fukuta
- Clinical Research Management Center, Nagoya City University Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Seo
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hitomi Narita
- Department of Internal Medicine, Nagoya City Rehabilitation Center Hospital, Nagoya, Japan; and
| | - Akihiko Iida
- Department of Radiology, Nagoya City Rehabilitation Center Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Ohte
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
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226
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Ashraf S, Ashraf N, Yilmaz G, Harmancey R. Crosstalk between beta-adrenergic and insulin signaling mediates mechanistic target of rapamycin hyperactivation in liver of high-fat diet-fed male mice. Physiol Rep 2021; 9:e14958. [PMID: 34231324 PMCID: PMC8261682 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.14958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common cause of chronic liver disease. While increased nutrient intake and sympathetic activity have been associated with the disease, the pathogenesis of NAFLD remains incompletely understood. We investigated the impact of the interaction of high dietary fat and sugar intake with increased beta-adrenergic receptor (β-AR) signaling on the activity of nutrient-sensing pathways and fuel storage in the liver. C57BL/6J mice were fed a standard rodent diet (STD), a high-fat diet (HFD), a high-fat/high-sugar Western diet (WD), a high-sugar diet with mixed carbohydrates (HCD), or a high-sucrose diet (HSD). After 6 week on diets, mice were treated with isoproterenol (ISO) and the activity of liver mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1)-related signaling analyzed by immunoblotting and correlated with tissue triglyceride and glycogen contents. ISO-stimulated AKT- and ERK-mediated activation of mTORC1 in STD-fed mice. Consumption of all four high-calorie diets exacerbated downstream activation of ribosomal protein S6 kinase beta-1 (S6K1) in response to ISO. S6K1 activity was greater with the fat-enriched HFD and WD and correlated with the presence of metabolic syndrome and a stronger activation of AKT and ERK1/2 pathways. Fat-enriched diets also increased triglyceride accumulation and inhibited glycogen mobilization under β-AR stimulation. In conclusion, crosstalk between β-AR and insulin signaling may contribute to HFD-induced hepatic steatosis through ERK1/2- and AKT-mediated hyperactivation of the mTORC1/S6K1 axis. The findings provide further rationale for the development of therapies aimed at targeting augmented β-AR signaling in the pathogenesis of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadia Ashraf
- Department of Physiology and BiophysicsUniversity of Mississippi Medical CenterJacksonMSUSA
- Mississippi Center for Obesity ResearchUniversity of Mississippi Medical CenterJacksonMSUSA
| | | | - Gizem Yilmaz
- Department of Physiology and BiophysicsUniversity of Mississippi Medical CenterJacksonMSUSA
- Mississippi Center for Obesity ResearchUniversity of Mississippi Medical CenterJacksonMSUSA
| | - Romain Harmancey
- Department of Physiology and BiophysicsUniversity of Mississippi Medical CenterJacksonMSUSA
- Mississippi Center for Obesity ResearchUniversity of Mississippi Medical CenterJacksonMSUSA
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Cavalcante GL, Brognara F, Oliveira LVDC, Lataro RM, Durand MDT, Oliveira AP, Nóbrega ACL, Salgado HC, Sabino JPJ. Benefits of pharmacological and electrical cholinergic stimulation in hypertension and heart failure. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2021; 232:e13663. [PMID: 33884761 DOI: 10.1111/apha.13663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Systemic arterial hypertension and heart failure are cardiovascular diseases that affect millions of individuals worldwide. They are characterized by a change in the autonomic nervous system balance, highlighted by an increase in sympathetic activity associated with a decrease in parasympathetic activity. Most therapeutic approaches seek to treat these diseases by medications that attenuate sympathetic activity. However, there is a growing number of studies demonstrating that the improvement of parasympathetic function, by means of pharmacological or electrical stimulation, can be an effective tool for the treatment of these cardiovascular diseases. Therefore, this review aims to describe the advances reported by experimental and clinical studies that addressed the potential of cholinergic stimulation to prevent autonomic and cardiovascular imbalance in hypertension and heart failure. Overall, the published data reviewed demonstrate that the use of central or peripheral acetylcholinesterase inhibitors is efficient to improve the autonomic imbalance and hemodynamic changes observed in heart failure and hypertension. Of note, the baroreflex and the vagus nerve activation have been shown to be safe and effective approaches to be used as an alternative treatment for these cardiovascular diseases. In conclusion, pharmacological and electrical stimulation of the parasympathetic nervous system has the potential to be used as a therapeutic tool for the treatment of hypertension and heart failure, deserving to be more explored in the clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gisele L. Cavalcante
- Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences Department of Biophysics and Physiology Federal University of Piaui Teresina PI Brazil
- Department of Pharmacology Ribeirão Preto Medical School University of São Paulo Ribeirão Preto SP Brazil
| | - Fernanda Brognara
- Department of Physiology Ribeirão Preto Medical School University of São Paulo Ribeirão Preto SP Brazil
| | - Lucas Vaz de C. Oliveira
- Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences Department of Biophysics and Physiology Federal University of Piaui Teresina PI Brazil
| | - Renata M. Lataro
- Department of Physiological Sciences Center of Biological Sciences Federal University of Santa Catarina Florianópolis SP Brazil
| | | | - Aldeidia P. Oliveira
- Graduate Program in Pharmacology Department of Biophysics and Physiology Federal University of Piaui Teresina PI Brazil
| | | | - Helio C. Salgado
- Department of Physiology Ribeirão Preto Medical School University of São Paulo Ribeirão Preto SP Brazil
| | - João Paulo J. Sabino
- Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences Department of Biophysics and Physiology Federal University of Piaui Teresina PI Brazil
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228
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Jacob DW, Harper JL, Ivie CL, Ott EP, Limberg JK. Sex differences in the vascular response to sympathetic activation during acute hypoxaemia. Exp Physiol 2021; 106:1689-1698. [PMID: 34187092 DOI: 10.1113/ep089461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
NEW FINDINGS What is the central question of this study? Sympathetically mediated vasoconstriction is preserved during hypoxaemia in humans, but our understanding of vascular control comes from predominantly male cohorts. We tested the hypothesis that young women attenuate sympathetically mediated vasoconstriction during steady-state hypoxaemia, whereas men do not? What is the main finding and its importance? Sympathetically mediated vasoconstriction is preserved or even enhanced during steady-state hypoxia in young men, and the peripheral vascular response to sympathetic activation during hypoxaemia is attenuated in young women. These data advance our understanding of sex-related differences in hypoxic vascular control. ABSTRACT Activation of the sympathetic nervous system causes vasoconstriction and a reduction in peripheral blood flow. Sympathetically mediated vasoconstriction may be attenuated during systemic hypoxia to maintain oxygen delivery; however, in predominantly male participants sympathetically mediated vasoconstriction is preserved or even enhanced during hypoxaemia. Given the potential for sex-specific differences in hypoxic vascular control, prior results are limited in application. We tested the hypothesis that young women attenuate sympathetically mediated vasoconstriction during steady-state hypoxaemia, whereas men do not. Healthy young men (n = 13, 25 ± 4 years) and women (n = 11, 24 ± 4 years) completed two trials consisting of a 2-min cold pressor test (CPT, a well-established sympathoexcitatory stimulus) during baseline normoxia and steady-state hypoxaemia. Beat-to-beat blood pressure (finger photoplethysmography) and forearm blood flow (venous occlusion plethysmography) were measured continuously. Total and forearm vascular conductance (TVC and FVC, respectfully) were calculated. A change (Δ) in TVC and FVC from steady-state during the last 1 min of CPT was calculated and differences between normoxia and systemic hypoxia were assessed. In men, the reduction in TVC during CPT was greater during hypoxia compared to normoxia (ΔTVC, P = 0.02), whereas ΔTVC did not differ between conditions in women (P = 0.49). In men, ΔFVC did not differ between normoxia and hypoxia (P = 0.92). In women, the reduction in FVC during CPT was attenuated during hypoxia (ΔFVC, P < 0.01). We confirm sympathetically mediated vasoconstriction is preserved or enhanced during hypoxaemia in young men, whereas peripheral vascular responsiveness to sympathetic activation during hypoxaemia is attenuated in young women. The results advance our understanding of sex-related differences in hypoxic vascular control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dain W Jacob
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Jennifer L Harper
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Clayton L Ivie
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Elizabeth P Ott
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Jacqueline K Limberg
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
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229
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Jenkins ZM, Eikelis N, Phillipou A, Castle DJ, Wilding HE, Lambert EA. Autonomic Nervous System Function in Anorexia Nervosa: A Systematic Review. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:682208. [PMID: 34262430 PMCID: PMC8273292 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.682208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Autonomic nervous system (ANS) dysfunction has been suggested to contribute to the high prevalence of cardiovascular complications in individuals with anorexia nervosa (AN), yet has not been thoroughly investigated. The current review aimed to synthesize the evidence of basal ANS function in individuals with a current diagnosis of AN and those with a previous diagnosis who had achieved weight restoration, as compared to controls. Methods: A systematic review of nine databases was conducted and studies that were published in a peer-review journal, in English, that included at least one assessment of ANS function in individuals with a current or previous diagnosis of AN were selected. Forty-six studies were included with a total of 811 participants with a current diagnosis of AN and 123 participants with a previous diagnosis of AN. Results: ANS function was assessed through heart rate variability (n = 27), orthostatic challenge, blood pressure variability or baroreflex sensitivity (n = 11), adrenergic activity (n = 14), skin conductance level (n = 4), and pupillometry (n = 1). Individuals with AN demonstrated increased parasympathetic activity and decreased sympathetic activity, suggestive of autonomic dysregulation. Following weight restoration, autonomic function trended toward, or was equivalent to, control levels. Discussion: Autonomic dysregulation is indicated through a range of assessments in individuals with AN. Future investigations should utilize a variety of assessments together in order to conclusively establish the nature of autonomic dysfunction in AN, and following extended weight restoration. Moreover, investigation into the co-occurrence of ANS function and cardiovascular risk is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoe M Jenkins
- Iverson Health Innovation Research Institute, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Mental Health, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Fitzroy, VIC, Australia.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Nina Eikelis
- Iverson Health Innovation Research Institute, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Andrea Phillipou
- Department of Mental Health, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Fitzroy, VIC, Australia.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Centre for Mental Health, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Mental Health, Austin Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - David J Castle
- Department of Mental Health, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Fitzroy, VIC, Australia.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Helen E Wilding
- Library Service, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Fitzroy, VIC, Australia
| | - Elisabeth A Lambert
- Iverson Health Innovation Research Institute, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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230
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Hou T, Su W, Duncan MJ, Olga VA, Guo Z, Gong MC. Time-restricted feeding protects the blood pressure circadian rhythm in diabetic mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:e2015873118. [PMID: 34161259 PMCID: PMC8237651 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2015873118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The quantity and quality of food intake have been considered crucial for peoples' wellness. Only recently has it become appreciated that the timing of food intake is also critical. Nondipping blood pressure (BP) is prevalent in diabetic patients and is associated with increased cardiovascular events. However, the causes and mechanisms of nondipping BP in diabetes are not fully understood. Here, we report that food intake and BP were arrhythmic in diabetic db/db mice fed a normal chow diet ad libitum. Imposing a food intake diurnal rhythm by time-restricted feeding (TRF; food was only available for 8 h during the active phase) prevented db/db mice from developing nondipping BP and effectively restored the already disrupted BP circadian rhythm in db/db mice. Interestingly, increasing the time of food availability from 8 h to 12 h during the active dark phase in db/db mice prompted isocaloric feeding and still provided robust protection of the BP circadian rhythm in db/db mice. In contrast, neither 8-h nor 12-h TRF affected BP dipping in wild-type mice. Mechanistically, we demonstrate that TRF protects the BP circadian rhythm in db/db mice via suppressing the sympathetic activity during the light phase when they are inactive and fasting. Collectively, these data reveal a potentially pivotal role of the timing of food intake in the prevention and treatment of nondipping BP in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianfei Hou
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536
| | - Wen Su
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536
| | - Marilyn J Duncan
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536
| | | | - Zhenheng Guo
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536;
- Research and Development, Lexington Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Lexington, KY 40502
| | - Ming C Gong
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536
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231
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Incognito AV, Teixeira AL, Shafer BM, Nardone M, Vermeulen TD, Foster GE, Millar PJ. Muscle sympathetic single-unit responses during rhythmic handgrip exercise and isocapnic hypoxia in males: the role of sympathoexcitation magnitude. J Neurophysiol 2021; 126:170-180. [PMID: 34133241 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00678.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A small proportion of postganglionic muscle sympathetic single units can be inhibited during sympathoexcitatory stressors in humans. However, whether these responses are dependent on the specific stressor or the level of sympathoexcitation remains unclear. We hypothesize that, when matched by sympathoexcitatory magnitude, different stressors can evoke similar proportions of inhibited single units. Multiunit and single-unit muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA) were recorded in seven healthy young males at baseline and during 1) rhythmic handgrip exercise (40% of maximum voluntary contraction) and 2) acute isocapnic hypoxia (partial pressure of end-tidal O2 47 ± 3 mmHg). Single units were classified as activated, nonresponsive, or inhibited if the spike frequency was above, within, or below the baseline variability, respectively. By design, rhythmic handgrip and isocapnic hypoxia similarly increased multiunit total MSNA [Δ273 ± 208 vs. Δ254 ± 193 arbitrary units (AU), P = 0.84] and single-unit spike frequency (Δ8 ± 10 vs. Δ12 ± 13 spikes/min, P = 0.12). Among 19 identified single units, the proportions of activated (47% vs. 68%), nonresponsive (32% vs. 16%), and inhibited (21% vs. 16%) single units were not different between rhythmic handgrip and isocapnic hypoxia (P = 0.42). However, only 9 (47%) single units behaved with concordant response patterns across both stressors (7 activated, 1 nonresponsive, and 1 inhibited during both stressors). During the 1-min epoch with the highest increase in total MSNA during hypoxia (Δ595 ± 282 AU, P < 0.01) only one single unit was inhibited. These findings suggest that the proportions of muscle sympathetic single units inhibited during stress are associated with the level of sympathoexcitation and not the stressor per se in healthy young males.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Subpopulations of muscle sympathetic single units can be inhibited during mild sympathoexcitatory stress. We demonstrate that rhythmic handgrip exercise and isocapnic hypoxia, when matched by multiunit sympathoexcitation, induce similar proportions of single-unit inhibition, highlighting that heterogeneous single-unit response patterns are related to the level of sympathoexcitation independent of the stressor type. Interestingly, only 47% of single units behaved with concordant response patterns between stressors, suggesting the potential for functional specificity within the postganglionic neuronal pool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony V Incognito
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - André L Teixeira
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Brooke M Shafer
- Centre for Heart, Lung, and Vascular Health, School of Health and Exercise Sciences, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Massimo Nardone
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tyler D Vermeulen
- Centre for Heart, Lung, and Vascular Health, School of Health and Exercise Sciences, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Glen E Foster
- Centre for Heart, Lung, and Vascular Health, School of Health and Exercise Sciences, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Philip J Millar
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada.,Toronto General Research Institute, Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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232
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Madel MB, Elefteriou F. Mechanisms Supporting the Use of Beta-Blockers for the Management of Breast Cancer Bone Metastasis. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13122887. [PMID: 34207620 PMCID: PMC8228198 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13122887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2021] [Revised: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Bone represents the most common site of metastasis for breast cancer and the establishment and growth of metastatic cancer cells within the skeleton significantly reduces the quality of life of patients and their survival. The interplay between sympathetic nerves and bone cells, and its influence on the process of breast cancer bone metastasis is increasingly being recognized. Several mechanisms, all dependent on β-adrenergic receptor signaling in stromal bone cells, were shown to promote the establishment of disseminated cancer cells into the skeleton. This review provides a summary of these mechanisms in support of the therapeutic potential of β-blockers for the early management of breast cancer metastasis. Abstract The skeleton is heavily innervated by sympathetic nerves and represents a common site for breast cancer metastases, the latter being the main cause of morbidity and mortality in breast cancer patients. Progression and recurrence of breast cancer, as well as decreased overall survival in breast cancer patients, are associated with chronic stress, a condition known to stimulate sympathetic nerve outflow. Preclinical studies have demonstrated that sympathetic stimulation of β-adrenergic receptors in osteoblasts increases bone vascular density, adhesion of metastatic cancer cells to blood vessels, and their colonization of the bone microenvironment, whereas β-blockade prevented these events in mice with high endogenous sympathetic activity. These findings in preclinical models, along with clinical data from breast cancer patients receiving β-blockers, support the pathophysiological role of excess sympathetic nervous system activity in the formation of bone metastases, and the potential of commonly used, safe, and low-cost β-blockers as adjuvant therapy to improve the prognosis of bone metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Florent Elefteriou
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Correspondence:
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233
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Zelt JGE, Wang JZ, Mielniczuk LM, Beanlands RSB, Fallavollita JA, Canty JM, deKemp RA. Positron Emission Tomography Imaging of Regional Versus Global Myocardial Sympathetic Activity to Improve Risk Stratification in Patients With Ischemic Cardiomyopathy. Circ Cardiovasc Imaging 2021; 14:e012549. [PMID: 34102857 DOI: 10.1161/circimaging.121.012549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Current risk assessment approaches fail to identify the majority of patients at risk of sudden cardiac arrest (SCA). Noninvasive imaging of the cardiac sympathetic nervous system using single-photon emission computed tomography and positron emission tomography offers the potential for refining SCA risk assessment. While various [11C]meta-hydroxyephedrine quantification parameters have been proposed, it is currently unknown whether regional denervation or global innervation yields greater SCA risk discrimination. The aim of the study was to determine whether the global innervation parameters yield any independent and additive prognostic value over the regional denervation alone. METHODS In a post hoc competing-risks analysis of the PAREPET trial (Prediction of Arrhythmic Events With Positron Emission Tomography), we compared global innervation and regional denervation parameters using the norepinephrine analog [11C]meta-hydroxyephedrine for SCA risk discrimination. Patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy (n=174) eligible for an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator for the primary prevention of SCA were recruited into the trial. [11C]meta-hydroxyephedrine uptake and clearance rates were measured to assess global (left ventricle mean) retention index and volume of distribution. Regional defects were quantified as the percentage of the left ventricle having values <75% of the maximum. RESULTS During a median follow-up of 4.2 years, there were 56 cardiac-related deaths, of which 26 were SCAs. For any given regional denervation volume, there was substantial heterogeneity in global innervation scores. Global retention index and distribution volume did not decrease until regional defects exceeded 40% left ventricle. Global scale parameters, retention index, and distribution volume (area under the curve=0.61, P=0.034, P=0.046, respectively), yielded inferior SCA risk discrimination compared to regional heterogeneity (area under the curve=0.74). CONCLUSIONS Regional denervation volume has superior cause-specific mortality prediction for SCA versus global parameters of sympathetic innervation. These results have widespread implications for future cardiac sympathetic imaging, which will greatly simplify innervation analysis. Registration: URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov; Unique identifier: NCT01400334.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason G E Zelt
- Department of Medicine (Cardiology), University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Canada (J.G.E.Z., J.Z.W., L.M.M., R.S.B.B., R.A.dk.)
- Faculty of Medicine (J.G.E.Z., J.Z.W., L.M.M., R.S.B.B., R.A.dk.), University of Ottawa, Canada
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine (J.G.E.Z., L.M.M., R.S.B.B.), University of Ottawa, Canada
| | - Jean Zhuo Wang
- Department of Medicine (Cardiology), University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Canada (J.G.E.Z., J.Z.W., L.M.M., R.S.B.B., R.A.dk.)
- Faculty of Medicine (J.G.E.Z., J.Z.W., L.M.M., R.S.B.B., R.A.dk.), University of Ottawa, Canada
| | - Lisa M Mielniczuk
- Department of Medicine (Cardiology), University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Canada (J.G.E.Z., J.Z.W., L.M.M., R.S.B.B., R.A.dk.)
- Faculty of Medicine (J.G.E.Z., J.Z.W., L.M.M., R.S.B.B., R.A.dk.), University of Ottawa, Canada
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine (J.G.E.Z., L.M.M., R.S.B.B.), University of Ottawa, Canada
| | - Rob S B Beanlands
- Department of Medicine (Cardiology), University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Canada (J.G.E.Z., J.Z.W., L.M.M., R.S.B.B., R.A.dk.)
- Faculty of Medicine (J.G.E.Z., J.Z.W., L.M.M., R.S.B.B., R.A.dk.), University of Ottawa, Canada
- Department of Radiology (R.S.B.B.), University of Ottawa, Canada
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine (J.G.E.Z., L.M.M., R.S.B.B.), University of Ottawa, Canada
| | - James A Fallavollita
- VA Western New York Healthcare System, Buffalo, NY (J.A.F., J.M.C.)
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University at Buffalo, NY (J.A.F., J.M.C.)
| | - John M Canty
- VA Western New York Healthcare System, Buffalo, NY (J.A.F., J.M.C.)
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University at Buffalo, NY (J.A.F., J.M.C.)
| | - Robert A deKemp
- Department of Medicine (Cardiology), University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Canada (J.G.E.Z., J.Z.W., L.M.M., R.S.B.B., R.A.dk.)
- Faculty of Medicine (J.G.E.Z., J.Z.W., L.M.M., R.S.B.B., R.A.dk.), University of Ottawa, Canada
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234
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Gee CM, Eves ND, Sheel AW, West CR. How does cervical spinal cord injury impact the cardiopulmonary response to exercise? Respir Physiol Neurobiol 2021; 293:103714. [PMID: 34118435 DOI: 10.1016/j.resp.2021.103714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
We compared cardiopulmonary responses to arm-ergometry in individuals with cervical spinal cord injury (C-SCI) and able-bodied controls. We hypothesized that individuals with C-SCI would have higher respiratory frequency (fb) but lower tidal volume (VT) at a given work rate and dynamically hyperinflate during exercise, whereas able-bodied individuals would not. Participants completed pulmonary function testing, an arm-ergometry test to exhaustion, and a sub-maximal exercise test consisting of four-minute stages at 20, 40, 60, and 80% peak work rate. Able-bodied individuals completed a further sub-maximal test with absolute work rate matched to C-SCI. During work rate matched sub-maximal exercise, C-SCI had smaller VT (main effect p < 0.001) compensated by an increased fb (main effect p = 0.009). C-SCI had increased end-expiratory lung volume at 80% peak work rate vs. rest (p < 0.003), whereas able-bodied did not. In conclusion, during arm-ergometry, individuals with C-SCI exhibit altered ventilatory patterns characterized by reduced VT, higher fb, and dynamic hyperinflation that may contribute to the observed reduced aerobic exercise capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- C M Gee
- International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 1M9, Canada; School of Kinesiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada; Canadian Sport Institute - Pacific, Victoria, BC, V9E 2C5, Canada
| | - N D Eves
- Centre for Heart Lung & Vascular Health, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC, V1V 1V7, Canada
| | - A W Sheel
- International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 1M9, Canada; School of Kinesiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - C R West
- International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 1M9, Canada; Canadian Sport Institute - Pacific, Victoria, BC, V9E 2C5, Canada; Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC, V1Y 1T3, Canada.
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235
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Abstract
We evaluated whether the association between deviant peer affiliation and onset of substance use is conditional upon sex and sympathetic nervous system (SNS) reactivity as measured by pre-ejection period (PEP). Community-sampled adolescents (N = 251; M = 15.78 years; 53% female; 66% White, 34% Black) participated in three waves. PEP reactivity was collected during a mirror star-tracer stress task. Alcohol, marijuana, tobacco, or any substance use, as well as binge drinking and sexual activity involving substance use were outcomes predicted by affiliation with deviant peers and two- and three-way interactions with sex and PEP reactivity. Probability of substance use increased over time, but this was amplified for adolescents with greater deviant peer affiliation in conjunction with blunted PEP reactivity. The same pattern of results was also found for prediction of binge drinking and sexual activity involving substance use. Findings are discussed in the context of biosocial models of adolescent substance use and health risk behaviors.
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236
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Yang X, Hui L, Long H, Zou L. Distinct outcomes of labetalol exposed infants: case reports and systematic review. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2021; 34:2012-2018. [PMID: 31510808 DOI: 10.1080/14767058.2019.1651270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2019] [Revised: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The adverse effects of long-term maternal exposure of labetalol on neonates have been recognized clinically. But there are few systematic studies on their clinical demonstrations and potential mechanisms. METHODS A death case of an infant with long-term maternal labetalol exposure was reported and compared with two case reports from the literature. A systematic literature review was carried out followed by a retrospective analysis on neonatal labetalol withdrawal effects. RESULTS It was discovered that labetalol withdrawal effects initially cause various degrees of hypotension, hypoglycemia, and bradycardia among exposed neonates. Some life-threatening cases can also occur within 1 week after birth. Long-term maternal exposure of labetalol, preterm infants with birth asphyxia, acidosis, hypoalbuminemia, and cardiac defects are their primary features. Possible mechanisms were concluded as labetalol-induced effects on the vascular and sympathetic nervous system as well as tissue oxygen extraction. CONCLUSIONS Neonatal labetalol withdrawal effects include early-onset and late-onset demonstrations, the latter can be life-threatening. A possible mechanism is multiple factors induced imbalance of sympathetic homeostasis increases neonatal vulnerability to common stresses. Long-term exposed preterm infants complicated with asphyxia, acidosis, hypoalbuminemia and cardiac defects, should be provided with intense care during the first week after birth. Further work is necessary to enrich this hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiying Yang
- Children Medical Center, General Hospital of the People's Liberation Army, Beijing, China
| | - Liyuan Hui
- Department of Neonatal Pediatrics, People' Third Hospital of Xingtai City, Xingtai, China
| | - Hui Long
- Children Medical Center, General Hospital of the People's Liberation Army, Beijing, China
| | - Liping Zou
- Children Medical Center, General Hospital of the People's Liberation Army, Beijing, China
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237
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Kowlgi GN, Cha YM. Continuous Infusion Versus Single Injection for Stellate Ganglion Blockade: Less Is Not More? JACC Clin Electrophysiol 2021; 7:461-462. [PMID: 33888267 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacep.2020.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gurukripa N Kowlgi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Yong-Mei Cha
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.
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238
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Gonçalinho GHF, Roggerio A, Goes MFDS, Avakian SD, Leal DP, Strunz CMC, Mansur ADP. Comparison of Resveratrol Supplementation and Energy Restriction Effects on Sympathetic Nervous System Activity and Vascular Reactivity: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26113168. [PMID: 34073163 PMCID: PMC8199010 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26113168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Chronic sympathetic nervous system activation is associated with endothelial dysfunction and cardiometabolic disease, which may be modulated by resveratrol (RSV) and energy restriction (ER). This study aimed to examine the effects of RSV and ER on plasma noradrenaline (NA), flow-mediated vasodilation (ed-FMD), and endothelium-independent nitrate-mediated vasodilation (ei-NMD). Methods: The study included 48 healthy adults randomized to 30-days intervention of RSV or ER. Results: Waist circumference, total cholesterol, HDL-c, LDL-c, apoA-I, and plasma NA decreased in the ER group, whilst RSV increased apoB and total cholesterol, without changing plasma NA. No effects on vascular reactivity were observed in both groups. Plasma NA change was positively correlated with total cholesterol (r = 0.443; p = 0.002), triglycerides (r = 0.438; p = 0.002), apoA-I (r = 0.467; p = 0.001), apoB (r = 0.318; p = 0.032) changes, and ei-NMD (OR = 1.294; 95%CI: 1.021–1.640). Conclusions: RSV does not improve cardiometabolic risk factors, sympathetic activity, and endothelial function. ER decreases plasma NA and waist circumference as well as improves blood lipids, but does not modify endothelial function. Finally, plasma NA was associated with ei-NMD, which could be attributed to a higher response to nitrate in patients with greater resting sympathetic vasoconstriction.
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239
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Balasubramanian P, Branen L, Sivasubramanian MK, Monteiro R, Subramanian M. Aging is associated with glial senescence in the brainstem - implications for age-related sympathetic overactivity. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:13460-13473. [PMID: 34038388 PMCID: PMC8202881 DOI: 10.18632/aging.203111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence suggests that the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) overactivity plays a crucial role in age-related increase in the risk for cardiovascular diseases such as hypertension, myocardial infarction, stroke and heart diseases. Previous studies indicate that neuroinflammation in key brainstem regions that regulate sympathetic outflow plays a pathogenic role in aging-mediated sympathoexcitation. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying this phenomenon are not clear. While senescent cells and their secretory phenotype (SASP) have been implicated in the pathogenesis of several age-related diseases, their role in age-related neuroinflammation in the brainstem and SNS overactivity has not been investigated. To test this, we isolated brainstems from young (2-4 months) and aged (24 months) male C57BL/6J mice and assessed senescence using a combination of RNA-in situ hybridization, PCR analysis, multiplex assay and SA-β gal staining. Our results show significant increases in p16Ink4a expression, increased activity of SA-β gal and increases in SASP levels in the aged brainstem, suggesting age-induced senescence in the brainstem. Further, analysis of senescence markers in glial cells enriched fraction from fresh brainstem samples demonstrated that glial cells are more susceptible to senesce with age in the brainstem. In conclusion, our study suggests that aging induces glial senescence in the brainstem which likely causes inflammation and SNS overactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya Balasubramanian
- Oklahoma Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Lyndee Branen
- Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
| | - Mahesh Kumar Sivasubramanian
- Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
| | - Raisa Monteiro
- Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
| | - Madhan Subramanian
- Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
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Stupin A, Drenjančević I, Šušnjara P, Debeljak Ž, Kolobarić N, Jukić I, Mihaljević Z, Martinović G, Selthofer-Relatić K. Is There Association between Altered Adrenergic System Activity and Microvascular Endothelial Dysfunction Induced by a 7-Day High Salt Intake in Young Healthy Individuals. Nutrients 2021; 13:1731. [PMID: 34065261 DOI: 10.3390/nu13051731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to test the effect of a 7-day high-salt (HS) diet on autonomic nervous system (ANS) activity in young healthy individuals and modulation of ANS on microvascular endothelial function impairment. 47 young healthy individuals took 7-day low-salt (LS) diet (3.5 g salt/day) followed by 7-day high-salt (HS) diet (~14.7 g salt/day). ANS activity was assessed by 24-h urine catecholamine excretion and 5-min heart rate variability (HRV). Skin post-occlusive reactive hyperemia (PORH) and acetylcholine-induced dilation (AChID) were assessed by laser Doppler flowmetry (LDF). Separately, mental stress test (MST) at LS and HS condition was conducted, followed by immediate measurement of plasma metanephrines’ level, 5-min HRV and LDF microvascular reactivity. Noradrenaline, metanephrine and normetanephrine level, low-frequency (LF) HRV and PORH and AChID significantly decreased following HS compared to LS. MST at HS condition tended to increase HRV LF/HF ratio. Spectral analysis of PORH signal, and AChID measurement showed that MST did not significantly affect impaired endothelium-dependent vasodilation due to HS loading. In this case, 7-day HS diet suppressed sympathetic nervous system (SNS) activity, and attenuated microvascular reactivity in salt-resistant normotensive individuals. Suppression of SNS during HS loading represents a physiological response, rather than direct pathophysiological mechanism by which HS diet affects microvascular endothelial function in young healthy individuals.
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241
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Thoene M, Rytel L, Dzika E, Wojtkiewicz J. Increased PACAP- and DβH-Positive Hepatic Nerve Fibers after Bisphenol A Exposure. Toxics 2021; 9:toxics9050110. [PMID: 34070027 PMCID: PMC8158090 DOI: 10.3390/toxics9050110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA) is an endocrine-disrupting compound (EDC) that can be found nearly everywhere in our polluted world. BPA has been correlated with pathophysiologies that include psychological disorders, especially in children. This study used juvenile porcine models to investigate the effects of BPA on the liver of developing vertebrates in order to determine the effects of BPA on innervated hepatic samples with the use of double-labeled immunofluorescence. This study specifically investigated the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) colocalized with a specific neural marker (PACAP) that has previously been correlated with specific pathophysiologies in the literature. In the liver, it was observed that there were significantly increased nerve fibers in the SNS colocalized with the neural marker PACAP after exposure to BPA at concentrations considered to be “safe” with the same or more profound effects at higher exposure levels. The implications of childhood exposure to BPA are then discussed with regard to several correlation studies that have linked BPA exposure to behavioral/psychological disorders. It is possible that BPA exposure in childhood may upregulate the SNS and PACAP levels, thereby contributing to the correlations in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Thoene
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Żołnierska 14C Str., 10-561 Olsztyn, Poland;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-89-524-61-16
| | - Liliana Rytel
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury, Oczapowskiego Str 15, 10-718 Olsztyn, Poland;
| | - Ewa Dzika
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Żołnierska 14C Str., 10-561 Olsztyn, Poland;
| | - Joanna Wojtkiewicz
- Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Warmia and Mazury, 10-718 Olsztyn, Poland;
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242
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Hu D, Huang X, Zheng C, Zhu Y, Chen L, Lin H, Liao Y. [Contribution of sympathetic activation to antihypertrophic memory after regression of exercise-induced physiological myocardial hypertrophy in mice]. Nan Fang Yi Ke Da Xue Xue Bao 2021; 41:495-503. [PMID: 33963707 DOI: 10.12122/j.issn.1673-4254.2021.04.03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate whether anti-hypertrophic memory exists after regression of exercise-induced physiological myocardial hypertrophy (PMH) and explore the contribution of sympathetic activation to hypertrophic memory formation. OBJECTIVE Seventy-two mice were randomized equally into 6 groups, including sedentary sham-operated group, exercise hypertrophic preconditioning (EHP) + sham operation group, bisoprolol (an adrenergic β1 receptor blocker) + EHP + sham operation group (biso+Exe+Sham group), sedentary group with transverse aortic constriction (TAC) (Sed+TAC group), EHP+ TAC group (Exe+TAC group), and bisoprolol+EHP+TAC group (biso+Exe+TAC group). The mice in the EHP groups were subjected to 3 weeks of swimming training, and in the bisoprolol groups, bisoprolol was administered by gavage once daily from two days before till the end of the training. One week after the training, TAC or sham surgery was performed. Echocardiography and hemodynamic measurements were performed to evaluate cardiac function of the mice, and the myocardial tissues were examined histologically to detect cardiac remodeling. OBJECTIVE Compared with the sedentary group, the mice receiving 3 weeks of swimming training had significantly increased heart weight to body weight ratio (HW/BW), HW to tibia length ratio (HW/TL), and the cross-sectional area of the cardiomyocytes (P < 0.05). One week after the training, exercise-induced PMH rapidly diminished and both HW/BW and HW/TL recovered the baseline levels. Treatment with bisoprolol obviously prevented the occurrence of PMH. Four weeks after TAC, the left ventricular posterior wall thickness, HW/BW, HW/TL, left ventricular end diastolic pressure and cross-sectional area of cardiomyocytes were all significantly lower (P < 0.05) while the left ejection fraction and maximal change rate of left ventricular pressure were significantly higher (P < 0.05) in Exe + TAC group than in Sed + TAC group. No significant difference was found in these parameters between biso + Exe + TAC group and Sed + TAC group. OBJECTIVE Anti-hypertrophic memory exists even after the regression of exercise-induced PMH, which may be attributed to the activation of sympathetic nervous system during exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Hu
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Shock and Microcirculation, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - X Huang
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Shock and Microcirculation, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - C Zheng
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Shock and Microcirculation, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Y Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Shock and Microcirculation, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - L Chen
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Shock and Microcirculation, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - H Lin
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Shock and Microcirculation, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Y Liao
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Shock and Microcirculation, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
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243
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Schiller M, Azulay-Debby H, Boshnak N, Elyahu Y, Korin B, Ben-Shaanan TL, Koren T, Krot M, Hakim F, Rolls A. Optogenetic activation of local colonic sympathetic innervations attenuates colitis by limiting immune cell extravasation. Immunity 2021; 54:1022-1036.e8. [PMID: 33932356 PMCID: PMC8116309 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2021.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 01/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The sympathetic nervous system is composed of an endocrine arm, regulating blood adrenaline and noradrenaline, and a local arm, a network of fibers innervating immune organs. Here, we investigated the impact of the local arm of the SNS in an inflammatory response in the colon. Intra-rectal insertion of an optogenetic probe in mice engineered to express channelrhodopsin-2 in tyrosine hydroxylase cells activated colonic sympathetic fibers. In contrast to systemic application of noradrenaline, local activation of sympathetic fibers attenuated experimental colitis and reduced immune cell abundance. Gene expression profiling showed decreased endothelial expression of the adhesion molecule MAdCAM-1 upon optogenetic stimulation; this decrease was sensitive to adrenergic blockers and 6-hydroxydopamine. Antibody blockade of MAdCAM-1 abrogated the optogenetic effect on immune cell extravasation into the colon and the pathology. Thus, sympathetic fibers control colonic inflammation by regulating immune cell extravasation from circulation, a mechanism likely relevant in multiple organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maya Schiller
- Department of Immunology, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, 3525422, Haifa, Israel; Department of Neuroscience, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, 3525422, Haifa, Israel; The Technion Integrated Cancer Center, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, 3525422, Haifa, Israel
| | - Hilla Azulay-Debby
- Department of Immunology, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, 3525422, Haifa, Israel; Department of Neuroscience, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, 3525422, Haifa, Israel; The Technion Integrated Cancer Center, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, 3525422, Haifa, Israel
| | - Nadia Boshnak
- Department of Immunology, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, 3525422, Haifa, Israel; Department of Neuroscience, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, 3525422, Haifa, Israel; The Technion Integrated Cancer Center, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, 3525422, Haifa, Israel
| | - Yehezqel Elyahu
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, 8410501, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Ben Korin
- Department of Immunology, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, 3525422, Haifa, Israel; Department of Neuroscience, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, 3525422, Haifa, Israel; The Technion Integrated Cancer Center, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, 3525422, Haifa, Israel
| | - Tamar L Ben-Shaanan
- Department of Immunology, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, 3525422, Haifa, Israel; Department of Neuroscience, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, 3525422, Haifa, Israel; The Technion Integrated Cancer Center, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, 3525422, Haifa, Israel
| | - Tamar Koren
- Department of Immunology, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, 3525422, Haifa, Israel; Department of Neuroscience, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, 3525422, Haifa, Israel; The Technion Integrated Cancer Center, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, 3525422, Haifa, Israel
| | - Maria Krot
- Department of Immunology, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, 3525422, Haifa, Israel; Department of Neuroscience, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, 3525422, Haifa, Israel; The Technion Integrated Cancer Center, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, 3525422, Haifa, Israel
| | - Fahed Hakim
- Cancer Research Center, EMMS Nazareth, 16100, Nazareth, Israel; Azrieli faculty of medicine, Bar-Ilan university, 1311502, Safad, Israel
| | - Asya Rolls
- Department of Immunology, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, 3525422, Haifa, Israel; Department of Neuroscience, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, 3525422, Haifa, Israel; The Technion Integrated Cancer Center, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, 3525422, Haifa, Israel.
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244
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert D Brook
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases Wayne State University Detroit MI
| | - Sanjay Rajagopalan
- University Hospitals, Harrington Heart and Vascular InstituteCase Western Reserve University Cleveland OH
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Ionio C, Ciuffo G, Landoni M. Parent-Infant Skin-to-Skin Contact and Stress Regulation: A Systematic Review of the Literature. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021; 18:4695. [PMID: 33924970 PMCID: PMC8124223 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18094695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Several studies have focused on neonatal maternal separation (MS) to investigate behavioural and neuroendocrine reactions to lack of contact, but only a few have focused on early separation in the first days or weeks after birth. This literature review investigates the vital importance of contact and touch by exploring how skin-to-skin contact (SSC) regulates stress in the mother-infant relationship. Various databases such as PubMed, Scopus, and ScienceDirect were searched for literature published between 2015 and 2020. From 1141 articles, 22 were declared eligible. The reviewed articles showed how SSC regulates child stress by biological indicators such as the autonomic nervous system (ANS), heart rate variability (HRV), cortisol, and oxytocin. This research concludes the importance of SSC for stress regulation, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic. With no research to date indicating a possible risk of neonatal COVID-19 transmission following SSC, SSC should continue to be practiced for all women, as recommended by the WHO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Ionio
- CRIdee, Psychology Department, Università Cattolica, del Sacro Cuore, 20123 Milan, Italy; (G.C.); (M.L.)
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Devi S, Alexandre YO, Loi JK, Gillis R, Ghazanfari N, Creed SJ, Holz LE, Shackleford D, Mackay LK, Heath WR, Sloan EK, Mueller SN. Adrenergic regulation of the vasculature impairs leukocyte interstitial migration and suppresses immune responses. Immunity 2021; 54:1219-1230.e7. [PMID: 33915109 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2021.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The sympathetic nervous system (SNS) controls various physiological functions via the neurotransmitter noradrenaline. Activation of the SNS in response to psychological or physical stress is frequently associated with weakened immunity. Here, we investigated how adrenoceptor signaling influences leukocyte behavior. Intravital two-photon imaging after injection of noradrenaline revealed transient inhibition of CD8+ and CD4+ T cell locomotion in tissues. Expression of β-adrenergic receptor in hematopoietic cells was not required for NA-mediated inhibition of motility. Rather, chemogenetic activation of the SNS or treatment with adrenergic receptor agonists induced vasoconstriction and decreased local blood flow, resulting in abrupt hypoxia that triggered rapid calcium signaling in leukocytes and halted cell motility. Oxygen supplementation reversed these effects. Treatment with adrenergic receptor agonists impaired T cell responses induced in response to viral and parasitic infections, as well as anti-tumor responses. Thus, stimulation of the SNS impairs leukocyte mobility, providing a mechanistic understanding of the link between adrenergic receptors and compromised immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sapna Devi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, 3000, Australia; The Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, 3000, Australia
| | - Yannick O Alexandre
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, 3000, Australia
| | - Joon Keit Loi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, 3000, Australia
| | - Ryan Gillis
- Drug Discovery Biology Theme, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, 3052 Australia
| | - Nazanin Ghazanfari
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, 3000, Australia
| | - Sarah J Creed
- Drug Discovery Biology Theme, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, 3052 Australia
| | - Lauren E Holz
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, 3000, Australia; The Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, 3000, Australia
| | - David Shackleford
- Centre for Drug Candidate Optimisation, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, 3052 Australia
| | - Laura K Mackay
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, 3000, Australia
| | - William R Heath
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, 3000, Australia; The Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, 3000, Australia
| | - Erica K Sloan
- Drug Discovery Biology Theme, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, 3052 Australia; Division of Surgery, Peter MacCallum Cancer Center, Victoria, 3000, Australia
| | - Scott N Mueller
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, 3000, Australia; The Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, 3000, Australia.
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Peng YJ, Su X, Wang B, Matthews T, Nanduri J, Prabhakar NR. Role of olfactory receptor78 in carotid body-dependent sympathetic activation and hypertension in murine models of chronic intermittent hypoxia. J Neurophysiol 2021; 125:2054-2067. [PMID: 33909496 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00067.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH) is a hallmark manifestation of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), a widespread breathing disorder. CIH-treated rodents exhibit activation of the sympathetic nervous system and hypertension. Heightened carotid body (CB) activity has been implicated in CIH-induced hypertension. CB expresses high abundance of olfactory receptor (Olfr) 78, a G-protein coupled receptor. Olfr 78 null mice exhibit impaired CB sensory nerve response to acute hypoxia. Present study examined whether Olfr78 participates in CB-dependent activation of the sympathetic nervous system and hypertension in CIH-treated mice and in hemeoxygenase (HO)-2 null mice experiencing CIH as a consequence of naturally occurring OSA. CIH-treated wild-type (WT) mice showed hypertension, biomarkers of sympathetic nerve activation, and enhanced CB sensory nerve response to hypoxia and sensory long-term facilitation (sLTF), and these responses were absent in CIH-treated Olfr78 null mice. HO-2 null mice showed higher apnea index (AI) (58 ± 1.2 apneas/h) than WT mice (AI = 8 ± 0.8 apneas/h) and exhibited elevated blood pressure (BP), elevated plasma norepinephrine (NE) levels, and heightened CB sensory nerve response to hypoxia and sLTF. The magnitude of hypertension correlated with AI in HO-2 null mice. In contrast, HO-2/Olfr78 double null mice showed absence of elevated BP and plasma NE levels and augmented CB response to hypoxia and sLTF. These results demonstrate that Olfr78 participates in sympathetic nerve activation and hypertension and heightened CB activity in two murine models of CIH.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Carotid body (CB) sensory nerve activation is essential for sympathetic nerve excitation and hypertension in rodents treated with chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH) simulating blood O2 profiles during obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Here, we report that CIH-treated mice and hemeoxygenase (HO)-2-deficient mice, which show OSA phenotype, exhibit sympathetic excitation, hypertension, and CB activation. These effects are absent in Olfr78 null and Olfr78/HO-2 double null mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Jie Peng
- Institute for Integrative Physiology and Center for Systems Biology of O2 Sensing, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Xiaoyu Su
- Institute for Integrative Physiology and Center for Systems Biology of O2 Sensing, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Benjamin Wang
- Institute for Integrative Physiology and Center for Systems Biology of O2 Sensing, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Timothy Matthews
- Institute for Integrative Physiology and Center for Systems Biology of O2 Sensing, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Jayasri Nanduri
- Institute for Integrative Physiology and Center for Systems Biology of O2 Sensing, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Nanduri R Prabhakar
- Institute for Integrative Physiology and Center for Systems Biology of O2 Sensing, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
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Carnagarin R, Tan K, Adams L, Matthews VB, Kiuchi MG, Marisol Lugo Gavidia L, Lambert GW, Lambert EA, Herat LY, Schlaich MP. Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Fatty Liver Disease (MAFLD)-A Condition Associated with Heightened Sympathetic Activation. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22084241. [PMID: 33921881 PMCID: PMC8073135 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22084241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is the most common liver disease affecting a quarter of the global population and is often associated with adverse health outcomes. The increasing prevalence of MAFLD occurs in parallel to that of metabolic syndrome (MetS), which in fact plays a major role in driving the perturbations of cardiometabolic homeostasis. However, the mechanisms underpinning the pathogenesis of MAFLD are incompletely understood. Compelling evidence from animal and human studies suggest that heightened activation of the sympathetic nervous system is a key contributor to the development of MAFLD. Indeed, common treatment strategies for metabolic diseases such as diet and exercise to induce weight loss have been shown to exert their beneficial effects at least in part through the associated sympathetic inhibition. Furthermore, pharmacological and device-based approaches to reduce sympathetic activation have been demonstrated to improve the metabolic alterations frequently present in patients with obesity, MetSand diabetes. Currently available evidence, while still limited, suggests that sympathetic activation is of specific relevance in the pathogenesis of MAFLD and consequentially may offer an attractive therapeutic target to attenuate the adverse outcomes associated with MAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Revathy Carnagarin
- Dobney Hypertension Centre, School of Medicine—Royal Perth Hospital Unit, RPH Research Foundation, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6000, Australia; (R.C.); (K.T.); (V.B.M.); (M.G.K.); (L.M.L.G.); (L.Y.H.)
| | - Kearney Tan
- Dobney Hypertension Centre, School of Medicine—Royal Perth Hospital Unit, RPH Research Foundation, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6000, Australia; (R.C.); (K.T.); (V.B.M.); (M.G.K.); (L.M.L.G.); (L.Y.H.)
| | - Leon Adams
- Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia;
| | - Vance B. Matthews
- Dobney Hypertension Centre, School of Medicine—Royal Perth Hospital Unit, RPH Research Foundation, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6000, Australia; (R.C.); (K.T.); (V.B.M.); (M.G.K.); (L.M.L.G.); (L.Y.H.)
| | - Marcio G. Kiuchi
- Dobney Hypertension Centre, School of Medicine—Royal Perth Hospital Unit, RPH Research Foundation, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6000, Australia; (R.C.); (K.T.); (V.B.M.); (M.G.K.); (L.M.L.G.); (L.Y.H.)
| | - Leslie Marisol Lugo Gavidia
- Dobney Hypertension Centre, School of Medicine—Royal Perth Hospital Unit, RPH Research Foundation, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6000, Australia; (R.C.); (K.T.); (V.B.M.); (M.G.K.); (L.M.L.G.); (L.Y.H.)
| | - Gavin W. Lambert
- Iverson Health Innovation Research Institute and School of Health Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, VIC 3122, Australia; (G.W.L.); (E.A.L.)
- Human Neurotransmitter Lab, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Elisabeth A. Lambert
- Iverson Health Innovation Research Institute and School of Health Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, VIC 3122, Australia; (G.W.L.); (E.A.L.)
- Human Neurotransmitter Lab, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Lakshini Y. Herat
- Dobney Hypertension Centre, School of Medicine—Royal Perth Hospital Unit, RPH Research Foundation, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6000, Australia; (R.C.); (K.T.); (V.B.M.); (M.G.K.); (L.M.L.G.); (L.Y.H.)
| | - Markus P. Schlaich
- Dobney Hypertension Centre, School of Medicine—Royal Perth Hospital Unit, RPH Research Foundation, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6000, Australia; (R.C.); (K.T.); (V.B.M.); (M.G.K.); (L.M.L.G.); (L.Y.H.)
- Neurovascular Hypertension and Kidney Disease Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
- Departments of Cardiology and Nephrology, Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, WA 6000, Australia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-8-9224-0382; Fax: +61-8-9224-0374
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Abstract
Neuro-immune interactions are essential for our body's defense and homeostasis. Anatomical and physiological analyses have shown that the nervous system comprises multiple pathways that regulate the dynamics and functions of immune cells, which are mainly mediated by the autonomic nervous system and adrenal signals. These are disturbed when the neurons and circuits are damaged by diseases of the central nervous system (CNS). Injuries caused by stroke or trauma often cause immune dysfunction by abrogation of the immune-regulating neural pathways, which leads to an increased risk of infections. Here, I review the structures and functions of the neural pathways connecting the brain and the immune system, and the neurogenic mechanisms of immune dysfunction that emerge after CNS injuries. Recent technological advances in manipulating specific neural circuits have added mechanistic aspects of neuro-immune interactions and their dysfunctions. Understanding the neural bases of immune control and their pathological processes will deepen our knowledge of homeostasis and lead to the development of strategies to cure immune deficiencies observed in various CNS disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Ueno
- Department of System Pathology for Neurological Disorders, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, Niigata 951-8585, Japan
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Kasahara Y, Yoshida C, Saito M, Kimura Y. Assessments of Heart Rate and Sympathetic and Parasympathetic Nervous Activities of Normal Mouse Fetuses at Different Stages of Fetal Development Using Fetal Electrocardiography. Front Physiol 2021; 12:652828. [PMID: 33897461 PMCID: PMC8061630 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.652828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Heart rate is controlled by the activity of the autonomic nervous system: the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems increase and suppress heart rate, respectively. To evaluate the activity of the autonomic nervous system, it is possible to determine heart rate variability using electrocardiography (ECG). During the fetal period, the heart and autonomic nerves develop in coordination; however, physiological changes, including autonomic nervous activities that occur during the fetal stage, remain largely unknown. Therefore, in this study, we measured ECG signals of mouse fetuses using our established method to evaluate the development of heart rate and autonomic nervous activity at different fetal developmental stages. We found that heart rate was significantly increased in fetal mice at embryonic day (E) 18.5 compared with that at E13.5, E15.5, and E17.5, indicating that fetal heart rate increases only at the stage immediately prior to birth. Interestingly, fetal parasympathetic nervous activity was reduced at E17.5 and E18.5 compared with that at E13.5, whereas fetal sympathetic nervous activity remained unchanged, at least from E13.5 to E18.5. These results indicate that parasympathetic activity rather than sympathetic activity affects fetal heart rate and that the decrease in parasympathetic activity toward the end of pregnancy could result in the observed increase in fetal heart rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiyuki Kasahara
- Department of Maternal and Fetal Therapeutics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan.,Department of Maternal and Child Health Care Medical Science, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Chihiro Yoshida
- Department of Maternal and Fetal Therapeutics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Saito
- Department of Maternal and Fetal Therapeutics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Kimura
- Department of Maternal and Fetal Therapeutics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
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