201
|
Manzat-Saplacan RM, Balacescu L, Gherman C, Visan S, Chira RI, Bintintan A, Nagy G, Popovici C, Valean SD, Anca C, Bintintan V, Scurtu R, Mircea PA, Berindan-Neagoe I, Ciuleanu TE, Balacescu O. Is there a correlation between peripheral blood expression of angiogenic transcriptional factors/receptors and colorectal cancer? J BUON 2015; 20:1193-1200. [PMID: 26537064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to evaluate whether there is a correlation between peripheral blood expression of angiogenic transcriptional factors/receptors and colorectal cancer (CRC). METHODS Eighty six blood samples collected from patients with CRC (N=42), adenomas and/or hyperplastic polyps(AP, N=30) and individuals without colon pathology (control group/CTR, N=14) were used for this study. Twelve transcription factors and receptors were assessed by qRT-PCR in a case-control study. The molecules with a minimum of 30% differences in gene expression for CRC and AP compared to CTR were then analyzed separately for each sample. Gene expression was evaluated relatively to the CTR after normalization to the large ribosomal protein PO (RPLPO) housekeeping gene, and the differential expression between studied groups was assessed by ANOVA. RESULTS Seven out of 12 genes presented differences in expression between 10-29% in CRC and/or AP compared to CTR. Considering the selection criteria, we further individually evaluated the levels of expression of 5 genes that had a minimum of 30% expression in the case-control study. Our data showed a significant up-regulation of platelet derived growth factor (PDGF) C in the blood of the patients with CRC compared to CTR (p=0.007). Likewise, clusterin (CLU) was significantly up-regulated both in CRC and AP groups compared to healthy subjects (p=0.01). For VEGFR1, PDGFRA and TGFB1 we didn't find significantly differential expression between any of the studied groups, even if increased levels were observed in both CRC and AP vs CTR. CONCLUSIONS The results of our study indicated that increased blood level of PDGFC mRNA was associated with the presence of CRC (p=0.007). Additionally, high levels of circulating CLU mRNA were observed in both malignant and benign colorectal pathologies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roberta M Manzat-Saplacan
- University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Iuliu Hatieganu" Cluj-Napoca, 1st Medical Clinic, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
202
|
Østerud B, Unruh D, Olsen JO, Kirchhofer D, Owens AP, Bogdanov VY. Procoagulant and proinflammatory effects of red blood cells on lipopolysaccharide-stimulated monocytes. J Thromb Haemost 2015; 13:1676-82. [PMID: 26176663 DOI: 10.1111/jth.13041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2015] [Accepted: 06/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We aimed to evaluate the mechanisms underlying the effects of red blood cells (RBCs) on the reactivity of monocytes to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation. METHODS Measurements of tissue factor (TF) antigen and activity were performed on freshly isolated white blood cells (WBCs)/platelets resuspended in heparinized plasma, as well as cultured monocytic cells. RESULTS In a dose-dependent manner, RBCs significantly enhanced LPS-induced TF activity and antigen levels in blood monocytes; potentiation of TF activity by both human and murine RBCs did not require the presence of neutrophils and/or platelets. We also measured the levels of monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1), the key proinflammatory chemokine that binds to duffy antigen receptor for chemokines (DARC) on RBC surface, in plasma and RBC lysates after the incubation of RBCs with WBC/platelets; at the concentrations corresponding to normal blood counts, RBCs exerted a significant influence on the free plasma levels of MCP-1, with about two-thirds of detectable MCP-1 post-LPS stimulation being associated with RBCs. Critically, DARC-deficient murine RBCs failed to enhance LPS-induced TF activity, confirming the mechanistic significance of RBC-DARC. CONCLUSIONS Our study reports a novel mechanism by which RBCs promote procoagulant and proinflammatory sequelae of WBC exposure to LPS, likely mediated by RBC-DARC in the microenvironment(s) that bring monocytes and RBCs in close proximity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B Østerud
- K.G. Jebsen TREC, IMB, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - D Unruh
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - J O Olsen
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway
| | - D Kirchhofer
- Early Discovery Biochemistry, Genentech, Inc, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - A P Owens
- Cardiovascular Health and Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - V Y Bogdanov
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| |
Collapse
|
203
|
Staroń R, Van Swelm RPL, Lipiński P, Gajowiak A, Lenartowicz M, Bednarz A, Gajewska M, Pieszka M, Laarakkers CMM, Swinkels DW, Starzyński RR. Urinary Hepcidin Levels in Iron-Deficient and Iron-Supplemented Piglets Correlate with Hepcidin Hepatic mRNA and Serum Levels and with Body Iron Status. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0136695. [PMID: 26323096 PMCID: PMC4556373 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0136695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2015] [Accepted: 08/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Among livestock, domestic pig (Sus scrofa) is a species, in which iron metabolism has been most intensively examined during last decade. The obvious reason for studying the regulation of iron homeostasis especially in young pigs is neonatal iron deficiency anemia commonly occurring in these animals. Moreover, supplementation of essentially all commercially reared piglets with iron entails a need for monitoring the efficacy of this routine practice followed in the swine industry for several decades. Since the discovery of hepcidin many studies confirmed its role as key regulator of iron metabolism and pointed out the assessment of its concentrations in biological fluids as diagnostic tool for iron-related disorder. Here we demonstrate that urine hepcidin-25 levels measured by a combination of weak cation exchange chromatography and time-of-flight mass spectrometry (WCX-TOF MS) are highly correlated with mRNA hepcidin expression in the liver and plasma hepcidin-25 concentrations in anemic and iron-supplemented 28-day old piglets. We also found a high correlation between urine hepcidin level and hepatic non-heme iron content. Our results show that similarly to previously described transgenic mouse models of iron disorders, young pigs constitute a convenient animal model to explore accuracy and relationship between indicators for assessing systemic iron status.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert Staroń
- Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding PAS, Department of Molecular Biology, Jastrzębiec, Poland
| | - Rachel P. L. Van Swelm
- Department of Laboratory Medicine (LGEM 830), Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Paweł Lipiński
- Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding PAS, Department of Molecular Biology, Jastrzębiec, Poland
- * E-mail: (RRS); (PL)
| | - Anna Gajowiak
- Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding PAS, Department of Molecular Biology, Jastrzębiec, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Lenartowicz
- Department of Genetics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Bednarz
- Department of Genetics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Gajewska
- Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Physiological Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marek Pieszka
- Department of Animal Nutrition & Feed Science, National Research Institute of Animal Production, Kraków, Poland
| | - Coby M. M. Laarakkers
- Department of Laboratory Medicine (LGEM 830), Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Dorine W. Swinkels
- Department of Laboratory Medicine (LGEM 830), Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Rafał R. Starzyński
- Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding PAS, Department of Molecular Biology, Jastrzębiec, Poland
- * E-mail: (RRS); (PL)
| |
Collapse
|
204
|
Wang L, Gong Y, Chippada-Venkata U, Heck MM, Retz M, Nawroth R, Galsky M, Tsao CK, Schadt E, de Bono J, Olmos D, Zhu J, Oh WK. A robust blood gene expression-based prognostic model for castration-resistant prostate cancer. BMC Med 2015; 13:201. [PMID: 26297150 PMCID: PMC4546313 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-015-0442-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2015] [Accepted: 07/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) is associated with wide variations in survival. Recent studies of whole blood mRNA expression-based biomarkers strongly predicted survival but the genes used in these biomarker models were non-overlapping and their relationship was unknown. We developed a biomarker model for CRPC that is robust, but also captures underlying biological processes that drive prostate cancer lethality. METHODS Using three independent cohorts of CRPC patients, we developed an integrative genomic approach for understanding the biological processes underlying genes associated with cancer progression, constructed a novel four-gene model that captured these changes, and compared the performance of the new model with existing gene models and other clinical parameters. RESULTS Our analysis revealed striking patterns of myeloid- and lymphoid-specific distribution of genes that were differentially expressed in whole blood mRNA profiles: up-regulated genes in patients with worse survival were overexpressed in myeloid cells, whereas down-regulated genes were noted in lymphocytes. A resulting novel four-gene model showed significant prognostic power independent of known clinical predictors in two independent datasets totaling 90 patients with CRPC, and was superior to the two existing gene models. CONCLUSIONS Whole blood mRNA profiling provides clinically relevant information in patients with CRPC. Integrative genomic analysis revealed patterns of differential mRNA expression with changes in gene expression in immune cell components which robustly predicted the survival of CRPC patients. The next step would be validation in a cohort of suitable size to quantify the prognostic improvement by the gene score upon the standard set of clinical parameters.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li Wang
- Icahn Institute for Genomics and Multiscale Biology, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, New York, USA
| | - Yixuan Gong
- The Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Uma Chippada-Venkata
- The Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Matthias Michael Heck
- Department of Urology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Margitta Retz
- Department of Urology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Roman Nawroth
- Department of Urology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Matthew Galsky
- The Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Che-Kai Tsao
- The Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Eric Schadt
- Icahn Institute for Genomics and Multiscale Biology, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, New York, USA
- The Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Johann de Bono
- Institute for Cancer Research, Royal Marsden Hospital, Sutton, Surrey, UK
| | - David Olmos
- Prostate Cancer clinical research Unit, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
- Medical Oncology Deparment, CNIO-IBIMA Genitourinary Cancer Clinical Research Unit, hospitales Universitarios Virgen de la Victoria y Regional de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Jun Zhu
- Icahn Institute for Genomics and Multiscale Biology, New York, NY, 10029, USA.
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, New York, USA.
- The Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA.
| | - William K Oh
- The Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
205
|
Kottwitz D, El Hadi H, El Amrani M, Cabezas S, Dehbi H, Nadifi S, Quessar A, Colomer D, Moumen A, Sefrioui ELH. Evaluation of a novel multiplex RT-qPCR assay for the quantification of leukemia-associated BCR-ABL1 translocation. Int J Hematol 2015; 102:335-41. [PMID: 26243622 DOI: 10.1007/s12185-015-1839-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2015] [Revised: 06/30/2015] [Accepted: 07/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Although monitoring of BCR-ABL1 translocation has become an established practice in the management of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), the detection limit of the BCR-ABL1 transcripts needs more standardization. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the clinical performances of a novel assay for the quantification of BCR-ABL1 fusion transcripts (e13a2 and e14a2) and ABL1 in a single reaction. This assay is based on the real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) in multiplex format. In a retrospective comparative clinical study performed in a reference laboratory, RNA was extracted from 48 CML patient blood samples with various BCR-ABL1/ABL1 ratios and RT-qPCR was performed using either MAScIR assay or the RT-qPCR simplex reference assay used in routine clinical testing. The comparative clinical results showed high qualitative and quantitative concordance (correlation coefficient >0.95) between MAScIR and the reference assays. The present study illustrates the utility of MAScIR assay as a sensitive, rapid, and cost-effective quantitative device to monitor the BCR-ABL1 ratios by RT-qPCR on whole blood of diagnosed Philadelphia chromosome-positive (Ph+) leukemia patients. This test could be used as an aid in the assessment of molecular response to available treatments.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Female
- Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl/blood
- Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl/genetics
- Humans
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/blood
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/genetics
- Male
- Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction/methods
- Philadelphia Chromosome
- RNA, Messenger/blood
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- Retrospective Studies
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction/methods
- Translocation, Genetic
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D Kottwitz
- MAScIR: Moroccan Foundation for Advanced Sciences, Innovation and Research, Medical Biotechnology Center, Rabat Design, Rue Mohamed El Jazouli, Madinat Al Irfane, 10100, Rabat, Morocco
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
206
|
Xu Y, Zhai S, Luo X, Zhang Y, Ran L, Ren L. [Noninvasive prenatal screen of trisomy-21 using maternal plasma fetal free RNA allelic ratio]. Zhonghua Fu Chan Ke Za Zhi 2015; 50:568-575. [PMID: 26675178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Through the detections of the heterozygote frequencies tests of fetal specific genes PLAC4 and COL6A2 mRNA alleles in plasma of pregnant women, to explore its possibility of application in the noninvasive prenatal screenings of trisomy-21. METHODS A toltal of 500 cases (males and females 250 cases respectively)of Han ethnic groups with Henan Provice of China who were subject to the physical checkup clinic of the Third Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University from June to December, 2013 were selected as the healthy physical checkup group, and such techniques as DNA sequencing and PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) were adopted to the determinations of the heterozygote frequencies of the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of the PLAC4 and COL6A2 genes in the maternal peripheral blood in the healthy physical checkup group, and the differential comparisons of the determination results of the SNP heterozygote frequencies and the corresponding heterozygote frequencies in the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) database; 30 cases of healthy pregnant women who spontaneously underwent pregnancy checkups at the maternity clinic were randomly selected as the healthy pregnancy group, and real-time fluorescence quantitative reverse transcription-PCR technique was adopted for determining the expression levels of PLAC4 and COL6A2 mRNA in the peripheral blood of pregnant women of 8 weeks, 10 weeks, 12 weeks, 14 weeks and 16 weeks; 40 cases of the same phase were selected for acting as the specimens for the karyotype analyses of the amniotic fluid cells, among which 20 cases were trisomy-21, and the 20 cases of the negative control group, and reverse transcription-multiplex ligation dependent probe amplification (RT-MLPA) technique was adopted for screening the fetal trisomy-21. RESULTS (1) The allele heterozygote frequencies of the SNP of the healthy physical checkup group: determinations of the genotypes and hybrid rates of the 10 SNP sites of the PLAC4 and COL6A2 genes indicated that those with higher heterozygote frequencies were respectively rs7717, rs559, rs1044598, rs59066201 and rs1042917, with population coverage of 98%. Among them, the allele hybrid rates of rs59066201 were never seen in the NCBI database; in the respective comparisons of the allele hybrid rates of rs8130833, rs9977003 and rs7844 with the hybrid rates of the NCBI database, the variations had statistical significance (P < 0.05). (2) The expression levels of PLAC4 and COL6A2 mRNA of the different pregnancy weeks of the healthy pregnancy group: the levels of PLAC4 mRNA in the peripheral blood of women of 8 weeks, 10 weeks, 12 weeks, 14 weeks and 16 weeks of pregnancy were respectively 7.22 ± 1.05, 8.02 ± 1.41, 9.51 ± 1.69, 11.33 ± 2.11 and 13.31 ± 2.58, with their expression levels rising along with the increase of the pregnancy weeks; among them, the comparison of pregnancy 8 weeks and pregnancy 10 weeks, the variations had no statistical significance (P > 0.05); in the mutual comparisons among the expression levels of the various pregnancy weeks, the variations had statistical significance (P < 0.05). The expression levels of COL6A2 mRNA in 8 weeks, 10 weeks, 12 weeks, 14 weeks and 16 weeks were respectively 8.95 ± 1.28, 11.19 ± 1.36, 15.00 ± 1.58, 16.87 ± 1.72 and 18.96 ± 2.79, with their expression levels rising along with the increase of the pregnancy weeks, and in the mutual comparisons between the expression levels of the various pregnancy weeks, the variations all had statistical significance (P < 0.05). (3) Prenatal screenings of trisomy-21 in the validation group of the trisome: a total of 5 sites of rs7717, rs559, rs1044598, rs59066201 and rs1042917 were selected from the allele heterozygote frequencies of SNP sites were selected from the subjects of the healthy physical checkup group, and 10 cases of trisomy-21 specimens and 10 cases of negative CTR specimens were accurately determined, with the sensitivity reached 80% (17/20), and the specificity reached 90% (18/20). One case of the trisomy-21 and two negative cases were both homozygotes, and among the trisomy-21 specimens of two cases, only one SNP was a heterozygote, and it was impossible to conduct screenings on these 5 cases, with the screening accuracy reaching 100% (35/35). CONCLUSIONS Fetal specific genes PLAC4 and COL6A2 mRNA are expressed in the peripheral blood of pregnant women in different gestational age; its expression level increases with the increase of gestational age. Among them, five SNP including rs7717, rs559, rs1044598, rs59066201 and rs1042917 show highest heterogeneity rate, which is different from the corresponding heterogeneity rate in NCBI database. RT-MLPA technology is a rapid, effective, noninvasive and low cost method of prenatal screening 21 trisomy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yajuan Xu
- Department of Obstetrics, Third Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China;
| | - Shanshan Zhai
- Department of Obstetrics, Third Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Xiaohua Luo
- Department of Obstetrics, Third Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Yingying Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics, Third Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Limin Ran
- Department of Obstetrics, Third Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Lidan Ren
- Department of Obstetrics, Third Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| |
Collapse
|
207
|
Kishikawa T, Otsuka M, Ohno M, Yoshikawa T, Takata A, Koike K. Circulating RNAs as new biomarkers for detecting pancreatic cancer. World J Gastroenterol 2015; 21:8527-8540. [PMID: 26229396 PMCID: PMC4515835 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v21.i28.8527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2015] [Revised: 03/29/2015] [Accepted: 06/16/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer remains difficult to treat and has a high mortality rate. It is difficult to diagnose early, mainly due to the lack of screening imaging modalities and specific biomarkers. Consequently, it is important to develop biomarkers that enable the detection of early stage tumors. Emerging evidence is accumulating that tumor cells release substantial amounts of RNA into the bloodstream that strongly resist RNases in the blood and are present at sufficient levels for quantitative analyses. These circulating RNAs are upregulated in the serum and plasma of cancer patients, including those with pancreatic cancer, compared with healthy controls. The majority of RNA biomarker studies have assessed circulating microRNAs (miRs), which are often tissue-specific. There are few reports of the tumor-specific upregulation of other types of small non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), such as small nucleolar RNAs and Piwi-interacting RNAs. Long ncRNAs (lncRNAs), such as HOTAIR and MALAT1, in the serum/plasma of pancreatic cancer patients have also been reported as diagnostic and prognostic markers. Among tissue-derived RNAs, some miRs show increased expression even in pre-cancerous tissues, and their expression profiles may allow for the discrimination between a chronic inflammatory state and carcinoma. Additionally, some miRs and lncRNAs have been reported with significant alterations in expression according to disease progression, and they may thus represent potential candidate diagnostic or prognostic biomarkers that may be used to evaluate patients once detection methods in peripheral blood are well established. Furthermore, recent innovations in high-throughput sequencing techniques have enabled the discovery of unannotated tumor-associated ncRNAs and tumor-specific alternative splicing as novel and specific biomarkers of cancers. Although much work is required to clarify the release mechanism, origin of tumor-specific circulating RNAs, and selectivity of carrier complexes, and technical advances must also be achieved, such as creating a consensus normalization protocol for quantitative data analysis, circulating RNAs are largely unexplored and might represent novel clinical biomarkers.
Collapse
|
208
|
Moscardó A, Vallés J, Latorre A, Jover R, Santos MT. The histone deacetylase sirtuin 2 is a new player in the regulation of platelet function. J Thromb Haemost 2015; 13:1335-44. [PMID: 25960087 DOI: 10.1111/jth.13004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2014] [Accepted: 04/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Histone deacetylases (HDACs) play a key role in signaling in many cell types. However, little is known about the participation of HDACs, particularly sirtuins (SIRTs), in platelet reactivity. OBJECTIVE To investigate the role of HDACs in platelets, we examined the effects of SIRT inhibition on platelet function and protein acetylation in human platelets. METHODS We used washed platelets obtained from healthy subjects. Cambinol (SIRT1 and SIRT2 inhibitor), AGK2 (specific SIRT2 inhibitor) and EX527 (specific SIRT1 inhibitor) were used as SIRT inhibitors. Platelets were stimulated with collagen, thrombin, or U46619, and platelet responses were determined according to optical aggregometry findings, dense granule release, and cytosolic calcium levels (Fura-2AM fluorescence). Protein acetylation and phosphorylation were assessed by immunoblotting. RESULTS SIRT inhibition remarkably reduced platelet responses (aggregation, granule release, and cytosolic calcium level; P < 0.05). SIRT2 was present in platelets at the level of mRNA and protein, and its specific inhibition reduced platelet responses. The acetylated protein pattern observed in resting platelets changed during platelet aggregation. Inhibition of SIRT2 increased the acetylation of Akt kinase, which in turn blocked agonist-induced Akt phosphorylation and glycogen synthase kinase-3β phosphorylation, which are markers of Akt activity. Finally, collagen-induced aggregation provoked Akt acetylation. CONCLUSIONS Regulation of protein acetylation by SIRT2 plays a central role in platelet function. The effects of SIRT2 are mediated in part by the acetylation and inhibition of Akt. These results open a new avenue for research into the control of platelet function, and may help to identify new therapeutic targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Moscardó
- Instituto Investigación Sanitaria Hospital La Fe, IIS La Fe, University Hospital La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - J Vallés
- Instituto Investigación Sanitaria Hospital La Fe, IIS La Fe, University Hospital La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - A Latorre
- Instituto Investigación Sanitaria Hospital La Fe, IIS La Fe, University Hospital La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - R Jover
- Experimental Hepatology Unit, IIS La Fe, CIBERehd, Valencia, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - M T Santos
- Instituto Investigación Sanitaria Hospital La Fe, IIS La Fe, University Hospital La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
209
|
Christopoulos PF, Bournia VK, Panopoulos S, Vaiopoulos A, Koutsilieris M, Sfikakis PP. Increased messenger RNA levels of the mesenchymal cadherin-11 in the peripheral blood of systemic sclerosis patients correlate with diffuse skin involvement. Clin Exp Rheumatol 2015; 33:S36-S39. [PMID: 26121083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2015] [Accepted: 04/17/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Cadherin-11 is a cell-cell adhesion molecule also involved in cellular migration and invasion. Experimental studies implicated this molecule in inflammatory arthritis and fibrosing conditions. Moreover, cadherin-11 protein is hyper-expressed on fibroblasts and macrophages in the skin of systemic sclerosis (SSc) patients, whereas the respective mRNA levels correlate with skin thickness. Herein, we searched for possible cadherin-11 expression also in cells that circulate in SSc peripheral blood. METHODS Cadherin-11 mRNA was quantified by real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction in 3 ml blood samples obtained from 71 SSc patients (aged 53±2 years, 65 women) and 35 control non-SSc patients with Raynaud's phenomenon. RESULTS Cadherin-11 mRNA transcripts were detected in blood samples from 39% of patients with diffuse SSc, versus 16% of those with limited SSc, versus 6% and 16% of patients with idiopathic or associated with other connective tissue diseases Raynaud's phenomenon, respectively (p=0.049). Cadherin-11 mRNA levels in SSc patients were increased by 3.74-fold comparing to controls (p=0.036). By multivariate logistic regression analysis we found that diffuse skin involvement correlated, independently of age, gender, disease duration, lung involvement, digital ulcers, inflammatory indices or anti-Scl-70 autoantibody presence, with cadherin-11 mRNA positivity (p=0.028), but also with increased cadherin-11 mRNA levels (≥3-fold of non-SSc levels, p=0.011). CONCLUSIONS Cadherin-11 may be hyper-expressed in the peripheral blood of diffuse SSc patients. Studies on the origin and possible pathogenic function of these circulating cells may shed light into the complex disease pathogenesis and further support the notion that cadherin-11 is a potential therapeutic target in SSc.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Panagiotis F Christopoulos
- Rheumatology Unit, First Department of Propaedeutic and Internal Medicine; and Department of Experimental Physiology, Athens University Medical School, Greece
| | - Vasiliki-Kalliopi Bournia
- Rheumatology Unit, First Department of Propaedeutic and Internal Medicine, Athens University Medical School, Greece
| | - Stylianos Panopoulos
- Rheumatology Unit, First Department of Propaedeutic and Internal Medicine, Athens University Medical School, Greece
| | | | | | - Petros P Sfikakis
- Rheumatology Unit, First Department of Propaedeutic and Internal Medicine, Athens University Medical School, Greece.
| |
Collapse
|
210
|
Nakae Y, Oka Y, Fujiki F, Morimoto S, Kamiya T, Takashima S, Nakata J, Nishida S, Nakajima H, Hosen N, Tsuboi A, Kyo T, Oji Y, Mizuguchi K, Kumanogoh A, Sugiyama H. Two distinct effector memory cell populations of WT1 (Wilms' tumor gene 1)-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes in acute myeloid leukemia patients. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2015; 64:791-804. [PMID: 25835542 PMCID: PMC11028643 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-015-1683-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2014] [Accepted: 03/14/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Wilms' tumor gene 1 (WT1) protein is a promising tumor-associated antigen for cancer immunotherapy. We have been performing WT1 peptide vaccination with good clinical responses in over 750 patients with leukemia or solid cancers. In this study, we generated single-cell gene-expression profiles of the effector memory (EM) subset of WT1-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) in peripheral blood of nine acute myeloid leukemia patients treated with WT1 peptide vaccine, in order to discriminate responders (WT1 mRNA levels in peripheral blood decreased to undetectable levels, decreased but stayed at abnormal levels, were stable at undetectable levels, or remained unchanged from the initial abnormal levels more than 6 months after WT1 vaccination) from non-responders (leukemic blast cells and/or WT1 mRNA levels increased relative to the initial state within 6 months of WT1 vaccination) prior to WT1 vaccination. Cluster and principal component analyses performed using 83 genes did not discriminate between responders and non-responders prior to WT1 vaccination. However, these analyses revealed that EM subset of WT1-specific CTLs could be divided into two groups: the "activated" and "quiescent" states; in responders, EM subset of the CTLs shifted to the "quiescent" state, whereas in non-responders, those shifted to the "activated" state following WT1 vaccination. These results demonstrate for the first time the existence of two distinct EM states, each of which was characteristic of responders or non-responders, of WT1-specific CTLs in AML patients, and raises the possibility of using advanced gene-expression profile analysis to clearly discriminate between responders and non-responders prior to WT1 vaccination.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Adult
- Aged
- Antigens, Neoplasm/genetics
- Antigens, Neoplasm/immunology
- Cancer Vaccines/immunology
- Cancer Vaccines/therapeutic use
- Female
- Gene Expression Profiling
- Humans
- Immunologic Memory/immunology
- Immunotherapy/methods
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/immunology
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/therapy
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Principal Component Analysis
- RNA, Messenger/blood
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/cytology
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/immunology
- Vaccines, Subunit/immunology
- Vaccines, Subunit/therapeutic use
- WT1 Proteins/genetics
- WT1 Proteins/immunology
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiki Nakae
- Departments of Respiratory Medicine, Allergy and Rheumatic Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871 Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Oka
- Departments of Respiratory Medicine, Allergy and Rheumatic Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871 Japan
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871 Japan
- Department of Immunopathology, Immunology Frontier Research Center (World Premier International Research Center), Osaka University, 3-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871 Japan
| | - Fumihiro Fujiki
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871 Japan
| | - Soyoko Morimoto
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871 Japan
| | - Toshio Kamiya
- Department of Functional Diagnostic Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 1-7 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871 Japan
| | - Satoshi Takashima
- Departments of Respiratory Medicine, Allergy and Rheumatic Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871 Japan
| | - Jun Nakata
- Department of Cancer Immunotherapy, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871 Japan
| | - Sumiyuki Nishida
- Departments of Respiratory Medicine, Allergy and Rheumatic Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871 Japan
| | - Hiroko Nakajima
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871 Japan
| | - Naoki Hosen
- Department of Cancer Stem Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 1-7 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871 Japan
| | - Akihiro Tsuboi
- Department of Cancer Immunotherapy, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871 Japan
| | - Taiichi Kyo
- Department of Hematology, Hiroshima Red Cross and Atomic Bomb Survivor Hospital, 1-9-6 Sendamachi, Nakaku, Hiroshima-City, Hiroshima 730-0052 Japan
| | - Yusuke Oji
- Department of Cancer Stem Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 1-7 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871 Japan
| | - Kenji Mizuguchi
- National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, 7-6-8 Saitoasagi, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0085 Japan
| | - Atsushi Kumanogoh
- Departments of Respiratory Medicine, Allergy and Rheumatic Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871 Japan
- Department of Immunopathology, Immunology Frontier Research Center (World Premier International Research Center), Osaka University, 3-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871 Japan
| | - Haruo Sugiyama
- Department of Functional Diagnostic Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 1-7 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871 Japan
| |
Collapse
|
211
|
Cavey T, Ropert M, de Tayrac M, Bardou-Jacquet E, Island ML, Leroyer P, Bendavid C, Brissot P, Loréal O. Mouse genetic background impacts both on iron and non-iron metals parameters and on their relationships. Biometals 2015; 28:733-43. [PMID: 26041486 DOI: 10.1007/s10534-015-9862-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2015] [Accepted: 05/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Iron is reported to interact with other metals. In addition, it has been shown that genetic background may impact iron metabolism. Our objective was to characterize, in mice of three genetic backgrounds, the links between iron and several non-iron metals. Thirty normal mice (C57BL/6, Balb/c and DBA/2; n = 10 for each group), fed with the same diet, were studied. Quantification of iron, zinc, cobalt, copper, manganese, magnesium and rubidium was performed by ICP/MS in plasma, erythrocytes, liver and spleen. Transferrin saturation was determined. Hepatic hepcidin1 mRNA level was evaluated by quantitative RT-PCR. As previously reported, iron parameters were modulated by genetic background with significantly higher values for plasma iron parameters and liver iron concentration in DBA/2 and Balb/c strains. Hepatic hepcidin1 mRNA level was lower in DBA/2 mice. No iron parameter was correlated with hepcidin1 mRNA levels. Principal component analysis of the data obtained for non-iron metals indicated that metals parameters stratified the mice according to their genetic background. Plasma and tissue metals parameters that are dependent or independent of genetic background were identified. Moreover, relationships were found between plasma and tissue content of iron and some other metals parameters. Our data: (i) confirms the impact of the genetic background on iron parameters, (ii) shows that genetic background may also play a role in the metabolism of non-iron metals, (iii) identifies links between iron and other metals parameters which may have implications in the understanding and, potentially, the modulation of iron metabolism.
Collapse
|
212
|
Liu Y, Wang YR, Wang L, Xun LJ, Ding GH, Yao L. Circulating Hepatocellular Cells are a Bad Prognostic Factor for HCC Patients. Hepatogastroenterology 2015; 62:802-806. [PMID: 26902005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Circulating hepatocellular carcinoma cells (CHCCs) may be detected by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). We investigated the relationship between CHCCs and hepatoma patients' survival period after different managements. METHODOLOGY Peripheral blood (5 ml) samples were obtained from 93 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and from 33 control subjects (9 with liver cirrhosis after hepatitis B, 14 with chronic hepatitis B, 10 with healthy people) between January 1st, 2009 and December 31, 2012. To detect CHCCs in peripheral blood, alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) messenger RNA (mRNA) was amplified from total RNA extracted from whole blood by RT-PCR. RESULTS AFPmRNA was detected in 49 blood samples from the HCC patients (49/93, 53.0%). In contrast, there were no clinical control subjects whose samples showed detectable AFPmRNA. The presence of AFPmRNA in blood seemed to be correlated with the tumor stage (by TNM classification) of HCC, the serum AFP value, and the presence of intrahepatic metastasis, portal vein thrombosis, tumor diameter and/or distant metastasis. CONCLUSIONS The presence of AFP mRNA in peripheral blood may be an indicator of CHCCs, which might predict hematogenous spreading metastasis in patients with HCC and may be as a bad prognostic factor for HCC patients.
Collapse
|
213
|
Abstract
Our understanding of platelets, anucleate cells with a traditional role in hemostasis and inflammation, has developed greatly over the last decade. Platelets' role in the systemic response of the body to vascular injury, inflammation, and infection has expanded as has our understanding of their importance to the body's regulation of these processes. One recently explored mechanism by which platelets regulate the body's inflammatory and immune response is through its endogenous RNA. Platelets' messenger RNA (mRNAs) and microRNA (miRNAs) profiles have been shown to reflect disease and disease risk factors and have been correlated with select human clinical phenotypes. Developing an understanding of platelet transcripts in the circulation elucidates how platelets function in both their traditional thrombotic role and non-traditional functions and may have widespread implications in several fields including thrombosis, infection, cancer, and systemic inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Clancy
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - J E Freedman
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
214
|
Fu X, Shen C, Li G, Zhang X, Wen Z. [Quantitative detection of plasma level of human telomerase reverse transcriptase mRNA in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma]. Nan Fang Yi Ke Da Xue Xue Bao 2015; 35:894-897. [PMID: 26111692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To quantitatively measure plasma level of human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) mRNA in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) and explore its implications for NPC diagnosis and treatment. METHODS With 24 healthy volunteers serving as controls, the plasma level of hTERT mRNA was detected in 33 NPC patients by real-time PCR before and after treatments with chemotherapy or radiotherapy, and its association with the clinicopathological parameters of the patients were analyzed. RESULTS The NPC patients showed a significantly higher mean plasma level of hTERT mRNA than the healthy volunteers (10.75 ± 4.29 vs 0.95 ± 0.37, P<0.05). The plasma hTERT mRNA level in the NPC patients was significantly correlated with clinical staging, tumor size, and degree of nodal metastasis (P<0.05) but with gender or age (P>0.05). In patients with stage I and II NPC, the plasma hTERT mRNA level decreased significantly after radiotherapy (5.60 ± 2.33 vs 3.43 ± 1.42); in patients in advanced stages (III and IV), plasma hTERT mRNA level decreased significantly from 12.68 ± 3.08 to 10.68 ± 2.48 (P<0.05) after chemotherapy and to 3.13 ± 1.69 (P<0.05) after radiotherapy. CONCLUSION Radiotherapy and chemotherapy can effectively suppress elevated plasma hTERT mRNA levels in NPC patients. Plasma hTERT mRNA level is closely related to the clinicopathological factors and provides important information for early diagnosis and therapeutic effect evaluation of NPC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinsa Fu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510282, China. E-mail:
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
215
|
Cayuela JM, Mauté C, Fabre AL, Nibourel O, Dulucq S, Delabesse E, Villarèse P, Hayette S, Mozziconacci MJ, Macintyre E. A novel method for room temperature distribution and conservation of RNA and DNA reference materials for guaranteeing performance of molecular diagnostics in onco-hematology: A GBMHM study. Clin Biochem 2015; 48:982-7. [PMID: 25872147 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2015.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2015] [Revised: 03/05/2015] [Accepted: 04/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Performance of methods used for molecular diagnostics must be closely controlled by regular analysis of internal quality controls. However, conditioning, shipping and long lasting storage of nucleic acid controls remain problematic. Therefore, we evaluated the minicapsule-based innovative process developed by Imagene (Evry, France) for implementing DNA and RNA controls designed for clonality assessment of lymphoproliferations and BCR-ABL1 mRNA quantification, respectively. DESIGN & METHODS DNA samples were extracted from 12 cell lines selected for giving specific amplifications with most BIOMED-2 PCR tubes. RNA samples were extracted from 8 cell line mixtures expressing various BCR-ABL1 transcript levels. DNA and RNA were encapsulated by Imagene and shipped at room temperature to participating laboratories. Biologists were asked to report quality data of recovered nucleic acids as well as PCR results. RESULTS Encapsulated nucleic acids samples were easily and efficiently recovered from minicapsules. The expected rearrangements at immunoglobulin, T-cell receptor and BCL2 loci were detected in DNA samples by all laboratories. Quality of RNA was consistent between laboratories and met the criteria requested for quantification of BCR-ABL1 transcripts. Expression levels measured by the 5 laboratories were within ±2 fold interval from the corresponding pre-encapsulation reference value. Moreover aging studies of encapsulated RNA simulating up to 100 years storage at room temperature show no bias in quantitative outcome. CONCLUSIONS Therefore, Imagene minicapsules are suitable for storage and distribution at room temperature of genetic material designed for proficiency control of molecular diagnostic methods based on end point or real-time quantitative PCR.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Cell Line
- Cell Line, Tumor
- DNA/analysis
- DNA/metabolism
- DNA/standards
- Feasibility Studies
- France
- Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl/blood
- Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl/genetics
- Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl/metabolism
- Genetic Testing/standards
- Hematology/methods
- Humans
- Laboratory Proficiency Testing
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/blood
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/diagnosis
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/genetics
- Lymphoproliferative Disorders/blood
- Lymphoproliferative Disorders/diagnosis
- Lymphoproliferative Disorders/genetics
- Medical Oncology/methods
- Molecular Diagnostic Techniques/standards
- Pilot Projects
- Plasma/chemistry
- Quality Control
- RNA/analysis
- RNA/metabolism
- RNA/standards
- RNA Stability
- RNA, Messenger/blood
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Reference Standards
- Temperature
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Michel Cayuela
- Laboratory of Hematology, University Hospital Saint-Louis, AP-HP, Paris, France; EA3518, University Paris Diderot, Paris, France.
| | - Carole Mauté
- Laboratory of Hematology, University Hospital Saint-Louis, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | | | | | | | - Eric Delabesse
- Laboratory of Hematology, University Hospital, Toulouse, France
| | - Patrick Villarèse
- Laboratory of Hematology, University Hospital Necker-Enfants-Malades, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | | | | | - Elizabeth Macintyre
- Laboratory of Hematology, University Hospital Necker-Enfants-Malades, AP-HP, Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
216
|
Afshari A, Yaghobi R, Karimi MH, Darbouy M, Azarpira N, Geramizadeh B, Malek-Hosseini SA, Nikeghbalian S. IL-17 mRNA expression and cytomegalovirus infection in liver transplant patients. EXP CLIN TRANSPLANT 2015; 13 Suppl 1:83-89. [PMID: 25894133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Cytomegalovirus (CMV) establishes a lifelong, asymptomatic infection in immunocompetent hosts. Interleukin-17 producing CD4+ T-cells (Th-17) are a subtype of CD4+ T-cells. The precise role of Th-17 responses during cytomegalovirus replication has not been elucidated, although recent studies suggest that infections such as murine cytomegalovirus induce a Th-17 response. Th-17 cells also have been associated with allograft rejection and autoimmune diseases. In this study, we tried to find the relation of cytomegalovirus infection and interleukin 17 (IL-17) cytokine in liver-transplanted patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS Two groups of patients were evaluated in this study. The first group consisted of 54 cytomegalovirus uninfected livertransplanted patients, and the second group consisted of 15 cytomegalovirus-infected patients. Three ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid-treated blood samples were collected from each patient on days 1, 4 and 7 post liver transplant. For diagnosing cytomegalovirus infection antigenemia and Taq-Man real-time polymerase chain reaction protocols were used. Also, to determine the expression level of IL-17 gene, an in-house SYBR green real-time polymerase chain reaction technique was used. RESULTS Using antigenemia and also Taq-Man real-time polymerase chain reaction helps find active cytomegalovirus infection, and the load of cytomegalovirus in each patient. The first group of patients showed that IL-17 expression level was down-regulated after day 4 of sampling. But in cytomegalovirus-infected patients, IL-17 expression level was increased significantly. The results between IL-17 gene expression level between the 2 groups of patients showed that IL-17 expression level significantly increased in second group during day 4 (P = .038) and 7 (P = .009) postliver transplant. CONCLUSIONS Significant increase of IL-17 mRNA levels in cytomegalovirus-infected group compared with the uninfected one reinforced the role of IL-17 as a proinflammatory cytokine dealing with cytomegalovirus infection in liver transplanted patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Afsoon Afshari
- From the Department of Molecular Genetics, Science and Research, Islamic Azad University, Fars, Iran
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
217
|
Tariq M, Chen R, Yuan H, Liu Y, Wu Y, Wang J, Xia C. De novo transcriptomic analysis of peripheral blood lymphocytes from the Chinese goose: gene discovery and immune system pathway description. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0121015. [PMID: 25816068 PMCID: PMC4376690 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0121015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2014] [Accepted: 02/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The Chinese goose is one of the most economically important poultry birds and is a natural reservoir for many avian viruses. However, the nature and regulation of the innate and adaptive immune systems of this waterfowl species are not completely understood due to limited information on the goose genome. Recently, transcriptome sequencing technology was applied in the genomic studies focused on novel gene discovery. Thus, this study described the transcriptome of the goose peripheral blood lymphocytes to identify immunity relevant genes. Principal Findings De novo transcriptome assembly of the goose peripheral blood lymphocytes was sequenced by Illumina-Solexa technology. In total, 211,198 unigenes were assembled from the 69.36 million cleaned reads. The average length, N50 size and the maximum length of the assembled unigenes were 687 bp, 1,298 bp and 18,992 bp, respectively. A total of 36,854 unigenes showed similarity by BLAST search against the NCBI non-redundant (Nr) protein database. For functional classification, 163,161 unigenes were comprised of three Gene Ontology (Go) categories and 67 subcategories. A total of 15,334 unigenes were annotated into 25 eukaryotic orthologous groups (KOGs) categories. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) database annotated 39,585 unigenes into six biological functional groups and 308 pathways. Among the 2,757 unigenes that participated in the 15 immune system KEGG pathways, 125 of the most important immune relevant genes were summarized and analyzed by STRING analysis to identify gene interactions and relationships. Moreover, 10 genes were confirmed by PCR and analyzed. Of these 125 unigenes, 109 unigenes, approximately 87%, were not previously identified in the goose. Conclusion This de novo transcriptome analysis could provide important Chinese goose sequence information and highlights the value of new gene discovery, pathways investigation and immune system gene identification, and comparison with other avian species as useful tools to understand the goose immune system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mansoor Tariq
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, The People’s Republic of China
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Sindh Agriculture University, Tando Jam, Sindh, Pakistan
| | - Rong Chen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, The People’s Republic of China
| | - Hongyu Yuan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, The People’s Republic of China
| | - Yanjie Liu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, The People’s Republic of China
| | - Yanan Wu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, The People’s Republic of China
| | - Junya Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, The People’s Republic of China
| | - Chun Xia
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, The People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture of China, Beijing, The People’s Republic of China
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
218
|
Aliyev A, Gupta M, Nasr C, Hatipoglu B, Milas M, Siperstein A, Berber E. CIRCULATING THYROID-STIMULATING HORMONE RECEPTOR MESSENGER RNA AS A MARKER OF TUMOR AGGRESSIVENESS IN PATIENTS WITH PAPILLARY THYROID MICROCARCINOMA. Endocr Pract 2015; 21:777-81. [PMID: 25786552 DOI: 10.4158/ep14425.or] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We have previously shown that thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor messenger RNA (TSHR mRNA) is detectable in the peripheral blood of patients with papillary thyroid microcarcinoma (PTmC). The aim of this study was to analyze the utility of TSHR mRNA status as a marker of tumor aggressiveness in patients with PTmC. METHODS Preoperative TSHR mRNA values were obtained in 152 patients who underwent thyroidectomy and were found to have PTmC on final pathology. Clinical parameters were analyzed from an institutional review board-approved database using χ(2) and t tests. RESULTS Preoperatively, TSHR mRNA was detected in the peripheral blood in 46% of patients, which was less than that for macroscopic papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) (80%) but higher than for benign thyroid disease (18%) (P<.001). The focus of cancer was larger in the TSHR mRNA-positive group compared to the negative group (0.41 vs. 0.30 cm, respectively, P = .015). The prevalence of tall-cell variant was higher in the TSHR mRNA positive group. The rates of lymph node (LN) metastasis (16% vs. 10%), multifocality (46% vs. 49%), and extra-thyroidal extension (10% vs. 5%) were similar between the TSHR mRNA-positive and-negative groups, respectively. In patients 45 years or older, rate of LN metastasis was higher in those who were TSHR mRNA positive (10%) versus negative (2%) (P = .039). TSHR mRNA positivity predicted a higher likelihood of radioactive iodine treatment (36% vs. 17%, P = .009) postoperatively. CONCLUSION This study shows that TSHR mRNA, which is a marker of circulating thyroid cancer cells, is detectable in about half of patients with PTmC. The positivity of this marker predicts a higher likelihood of LN involvement in patients with PTmC who are 45 years or older.
Collapse
|
219
|
Chen Y, Sun W, Li S, Ni J, Su Y, Wang C, Luo X, Tu W, Shen G, Gong F, Zheng F, Dong L. Preliminary study of high mobility group box chromosomal protein 1(HMGB1) in ankylosing spondylitis patients. Clin Exp Rheumatol 2015; 33:187-194. [PMID: 25602579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2014] [Accepted: 10/17/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To compare the serum levels of high mobility group box chromosomal protein 1 (HMGB1) between patients with AS and healthy controls, and evaluate its association with disease activities and functional abilities; to investigate the cell surface receptors related to HMGB1 in AS patients. METHODS The HMGB1 serum levels from71 previously untreated AS patients and 40 healthy controls were detected by ELISA method. Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index (BASDAI), Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Score (ASDAS), Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Functional Index (BASFI), erythrocytesedimentationrate (ESR), and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels were assessed on these participants. The mRNA expression of HMGB1 and its relevant cell surface receptors RAGE, TLR2, TLR4, and IL-1Racp complex were analysed by RT-PCR. RESULTS The HMGB1 serum levels from AS patients were significantly higher than those from healthy controls and remarkably positive correlated with BASDAI, ASDAS, BASFI, CRP, and ESR. ASDAS showed more correlated to HMGB1 serum levels than BASDAI. Besides, the expression of TLR2, TLR4, and IL-1Racp from PBMCs revealed significant correlations with the expression of HMGB1. CONCLUSIONS HMGB1 might be a good laboratory index for the evaluation of disease activities and disease severity in AS patients. Further, extracellular HMGB1 play its inflammatory role mainly via the expression of cell surface receptors TLR2, TLR4 and IL-1RAcP complex.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Chen
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Sun
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shouxin Li
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Juan Ni
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuying Su
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chenqiong Wang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaofang Luo
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Tu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Guifen Shen
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Feili Gong
- Department of Immunology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Fang Zheng
- Department of Immunology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Lingli Dong
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| |
Collapse
|
220
|
Grimminger PP, Maus MKH, Bergenthal J, Wandhöfer C, Fetzner UK, Herbold T, Bollschweiler E, Hölscher AH, Brabender J. Prognostic impact of blood biomarkers TS and DPD in neoadjuvant-treated esophageal cancer patients. Anticancer Res 2015; 35:1297-1302. [PMID: 25750278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM The prognostic value of TS (thymidylate synthase) and DPD (dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase) RNA expression in the blood of patients with esophageal cancer is not known. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the significance of these molecular alterations in the blood as a prognostic marker for patients with neoadjuvant-treated esophageal cancer. PATIENTS AND METHODS A total of 29 patients with locally advanced esophageal cancer (cT3-T4, Nx, M0) were enrolled in this prospective study. All patients received neoadjuvant chemoradiation followed by a transthoracic resection (curative transthoracic en bloc esophagectomy, RO). Peripheral blood samples were drawn before initiation of therapy. The analysis was performed using quantitative real-time-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The histomorphological regressions grading after neoadjuvant therapy was defined as follows: major response (MaR)=less than 10% vital tumor tissue, minor response (MiR)=more than 10% vital tumor tissue. RESULTS Nineteen out of 29 patients (65.5%) had a MiR and 10 (34.5%) had a MaR. The median survival of patients was 2.08 years (range=0.15-4.53). Among the tested genes, the RNA expression of TS was significantly associated with prognosis of patients. Patients with TS expression above 0.78 had a median survival of 1.1 years (range=0.21-3.96) compared to 2.6 years (range=0.15 to 4.53) in patients with TS expression lower than 0.78 (p=0.031, log rank test). There was no association between clinical variables (e.g., tumor stage, gender, age, etc.) and the RNA expression of TS in the serum. CONCLUSION The RNA expression of TS in the blood is a potential prognostic marker in patients with neoadjuvant-treated esophageal cancer. The significance of these molecular alterations as non-invasive prognostic marker for esophageal cancer should be evaluated in prospective studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peter P Grimminger
- Department of General, Visceral and Tumor Surgery, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Martin K H Maus
- Department of General, Visceral and Tumor Surgery, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Juliane Bergenthal
- Department of General, Visceral and Tumor Surgery, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Christoph Wandhöfer
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, St. Antonius Hospital, Cologne, Germany
| | - Ullrich K Fetzner
- Department of General, Visceral and Tumor Surgery, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Till Herbold
- Department of General, Visceral and Tumor Surgery, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Elfriede Bollschweiler
- Department of General, Visceral and Tumor Surgery, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Arnulf H Hölscher
- Department of General, Visceral and Tumor Surgery, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Jan Brabender
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, St. Antonius Hospital, Cologne, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
221
|
Guan YC, Jiang L, Ma LL, Sun XN, Yu DD, Liu J, Qu DX, Fang MY. Expression of glucocorticoid receptor isoforms and associations with serine/arginine-rich protein 30c and 40 in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Clin Exp Rheumatol 2015; 33:225-233. [PMID: 25665148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2014] [Accepted: 12/19/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the expression of glucocorticoid receptor (GR) isoforms in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), confirm the main GR isoforms involving in glucocorticoids (GC) resistance, and explore the associations of GR isoforms with serine/arginine-rich protein (SRp) 30c and SRp40. METHODS Seventy patients with SLE and thirty-eight age- and sex-matched controls were recruited. All patients received prednisone (0.5-1 mg/kg/d) as their routine therapy. According to the therapeutic effect, patients were divided into glucocorticoid-resistant (GCR) and glucocorticoid-sensitive (GCS) groups. Transcript levels of GRα, GRβ, GRγ, GR-P, SRp30c and SRp40 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were determined by real-time PCR. GRα and GRβ proteins were detected by western blotting. Trial registration number is ChiCTR-RCH-12002808. RESULTS Four GR transcripts in SLE patients showed the following trend: GRα (51.85%) > GR-P (23.78%) > GRγ (13.08%) >GRβ (0.03%). GR-P transcript and ratio of GRα/GR-P in SLE patients were significantly higher than that in controls (p<0.05). GRα transcript and protein as well as SRp40 transcript in GCS group were significantly higher than that in the GCR group before GC treatment (p<0.05). In the GCS group, GRα transcript and SRp40 transcript were significantly higher after GC treatment than that before GC treatment (p<0.05). In the GCR group, GR-P transcript was significantly higher after GC treatment than that before GC treatment (p<0.05). Positive correlation between SRp40 and GRα transcript was found (p<0.05). Additionally, SLE Disease Activity Index scores were significantly negatively correlated with GRα transcript and protein expression (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS Our data demonstrated that the decreased expression of GRα might be the evidence of high disease activity and help to predict GC resistance. GR-P isoform might be implicated in the development of resistance. Additionally, the preliminary finding suggested that SRp40 might be associated with GRα transcripts in SLE patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Chun Guan
- Department of Rheumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Lei Jiang
- Department of Rheumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Liang-Liang Ma
- Department of Rheumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Xiang-Nan Sun
- Department of Rheumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Dan-Dan Yu
- Department of Rheumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Regenerative Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Dong-Xia Qu
- Department of Haematology, Dalian Friendship Hospital, Dalian, China
| | - Mei-Yun Fang
- Department of Rheumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University; and College of Lab Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| |
Collapse
|
222
|
Leal RO, Gil S, Duarte A, McGahie D, Sepúlveda N, Niza MMRE, Tavares L. Evaluation of viremia, proviral load and cytokine profile in naturally feline immunodeficiency virus infected cats treated with two different protocols of recombinant feline interferon omega. Res Vet Sci 2015; 99:87-95. [PMID: 25747956 PMCID: PMC7111827 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2015.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2014] [Revised: 02/07/2015] [Accepted: 02/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
FIV-infected cats were treated with two protocols of rFeIFN-ω (sub-cutaneous vs oral). The cytokine profile was evaluated in FIV-cats undergoing rFeIFN-ω therapy. There was a decrease of IL-6 mRNA expression in cats treated with the oral protocol. There was a reduction of IL-6 plasma levels in cats treated subcutaneously. Independently of the protocol, rFeIFN seems to reduce pro-inflammatory stimuli.
This study assesses viremia, provirus and blood cytokine profile in naturally FIV-infected cats treated with two distinct protocols of interferon omega (rFeIFN-ω). Samples from FIV-cats previously submitted to two single-arm studies were used: 7/18 received the licensed/subcutaneous protocol (SC) while 11/18 were treated orally (PO). Viremia, provirus and blood mRNA expression of interleukin (IL)-1, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12p40, Interferon-γ and Tumor Necrosis Factor-α were monitored by Real-Time qPCR. Concurrent plasma levels of IL-6, IL-12p40 and IL-4 were assessed by ELISA. IL-6 plasma levels decreased in the SC group (p = 0.031). IL-6 mRNA expression (p = 0.037) decreased in the PO group, albeit not sufficiently to change concurrent plasma levels. Neither viremia nor other measured cytokines changed with therapy. Proviral load increased in the SC group (p = 0.031), which can be justified by a clinically irrelevant increase of lymphocyte count. Independently of the protocol, rFeIFN-ω seems to act on innate immunity by reducing pro-inflammatory stimulus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rodolfo O Leal
- Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal (CIISA), Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, University of Lisbon (ULisboa), Av. Universidade Técnica, 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal; Centre Hospitalier Vétérinaire Fregis, 43 Av. Aristide Briand, 94110 Arcueil, France
| | - Solange Gil
- Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal (CIISA), Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, University of Lisbon (ULisboa), Av. Universidade Técnica, 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal.
| | - Ana Duarte
- Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal (CIISA), Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, University of Lisbon (ULisboa), Av. Universidade Técnica, 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal
| | | | - Nuno Sepúlveda
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT, UK; Centro de Estatística e Aplicações da Universidade de Lisboa, FCUL, Bloco C6-Piso 4 Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Maria M R E Niza
- Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal (CIISA), Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, University of Lisbon (ULisboa), Av. Universidade Técnica, 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Luís Tavares
- Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal (CIISA), Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, University of Lisbon (ULisboa), Av. Universidade Técnica, 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
223
|
Burock S, Herrmann P, Wendler I, Niederstrasser M, Wernecke KD, Stein U. Circulating metastasis associated in colon cancer 1 transcripts in gastric cancer patient plasma as diagnostic and prognostic biomarker. World J Gastroenterol 2015; 21:333-341. [PMID: 25574109 PMCID: PMC4284353 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v21.i1.333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2014] [Revised: 05/05/2014] [Accepted: 07/22/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To evaluate the diagnostic and prognostic value of circulating Metastasis Associated in Colon Cancer 1 (MACC1) transcripts in plasma of gastric cancer patients.
METHODS: We provide for the first time a blood-based assay for transcript quantification of the metastasis inducer MACC1 in a prospective study of gastric cancer patient plasma. MACC1 is a strong prognostic biomarker for tumor progression and metastasis in a variety of solid cancers. We conducted a study to define the diagnostic and prognostic power of MACC1 transcripts using 76 plasma samples from gastric cancer patients, either newly diagnosed with gastric cancer, newly diagnosed with metachronous metastasis of gastric cancer, as well as follow-up patients. Findings were controlled by using plasma samples from 54 tumor-free volunteers. Plasma was separated, RNA was isolated, and levels of MACC1 as well as S100A4 transcripts were determined by quantitative RT-PCR.
RESULTS: Based on the levels of circulating MACC1 transcripts in plasma we significantly discriminated tumor-free volunteers and gastric cancer patients (P < 0.001). Levels of circulating MACC1 transcripts were increased in gastric cancer patients of each disease stage, compared to tumor-free volunteers: patients with tumors without metastasis (P = 0.005), with synchronous metastasis (P = 0.002), with metachronous metastasis (P = 0.005), and patients during follow-up (P = 0.021). Sensitivity was 0.68 (95%CI: 0.45-0.85) and specificity was 0.89 (95%CI: 0.77-0.95), respectively. Importantly, gastric cancer patients with high circulating MACC1 transcript levels in plasma demonstrated significantly shorter survival when compared with patients demonstrating low MACC1 levels (P = 0.0015). Furthermore, gastric cancer patients with high circulating transcript levels of MACC1 as well as of S100A4 in plasma demonstrated significantly shorter survival when compared with patients demonstrating low levels of both biomarkers or with only one biomarker elevated (P = 0.001).
CONCLUSION: Levels of circulating MACC1 transcripts in plasma of gastric cancer patients are of diagnostic value and are prognostic for patient survival in a prospective study.
Collapse
|
224
|
Tsuji M. Useful biomarkers for assessing the adverse health effects of PCBs in allergic children: pediatric molecular epidemiology. Environ Health Prev Med 2015; 20:3-11. [PMID: 25344634 PMCID: PMC4284252 DOI: 10.1007/s12199-014-0419-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2014] [Accepted: 09/30/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The incidences of childhood allergies have been increasing in recent years in many parts of the world. The development of allergic disorders is attributed to a complex series of interactions between individuals' genetic backgrounds and their immune and psychoneurotic responses to environmental factors. Among the various possible environmental causes of childhood allergies, the early exposure of developing infants to air pollutants and the presence of persistent chemical pollutants such as pesticides have been suggested most frequently. Therefore, it is very important to obtain epidemiological evidence of direct associations between clearly defined adverse health effects and exposure to low levels of pollutants. However, there are no useful biomarkers for assessing such associations. Thus, we planned to establish reliable health-related biomarkers that could be used to investigate these relationships in children. The serum concentrations of several sub-types of polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) congeners were found to be significantly correlated with interleukin (IL)-8 mRNA expression among asthmatic children. In addition, IL-22 mRNA expression was found to be particularly useful for detecting the effects of environmental pollutants, especially PCB congeners, in a sub-population of vulnerable children who exhibited positive immunoglobulin E (IgE) responses to milk or egg. Furthermore, we detected significant differences in IL-22 mRNA expression between the IgE-negative non-asthmatic subjects and the asthmatic children who exhibited positive IgE reactions toward egg or milk. In conclusion, IL-8 and IL-22 mRNA expressions could be useful biomarkers for detecting sub-populations of children who are particularly vulnerable to the adverse health effects of environmental pollutants, especially PCBs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mayumi Tsuji
- Department of Environmental Health, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahatanishi-ku, Kitakyusyu, 807-8555, Japan,
| |
Collapse
|
225
|
Halper B, Hofmann M, Oesen S, Franzke B, Stuparits P, Vidotto C, Tschan H, Bachl N, Strasser EM, Quittan M, Wagner KH, Wessner B. Influence of age and physical fitness on miRNA-21, TGF-β and its receptors in leukocytes of healthy women. Exerc Immunol Rev 2015; 21:154-163. [PMID: 25826292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The TGF-β superfamily has been shown to play an important role in a wide range of physiological as well as pathological processes including ageing, immune modulation, atherosclerosis and cancer development. The aim of the current study was to investigate (i) whether TGF-β signalling in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) would differ between young and old females and (ii) whether physical performance parameters of elderly women would be related to the expression of TGF-β or its receptors. Sixteen healthy young (22-28 years; YF) and 90 healthy older (65-92 years; OF) females participated in the study. In addition to several components of health-related physical fitness, circulating CRP and TGF-β levels were determined together with the mRNA expression of TGF-β, TGF-βRI, TGF-βRII, and miRNA-21 (known to interfere with TGF-β signalling) in PBMCs. Physical fitness as determined by 6-minutes walking test (YF:median 932 (range 573-1254) m; OF:360 (114-558) m), handgrip strength (YF: 32 (24-39) kg; OF:18(10-30) kg), relative isokinetic peak torque of knee extensors (YF:1.9 (1.2- 2.3) Nm/kg; OF:1.0 (0.2-1.9) Nm/kg and flexors (YF: 1.1 (0.7- 1.5) Nm/kg; OF: 0.5 (0.2-1.0) Nm/kg was substantially lower in older women (p<0.001 for all comparisons). These changes were paralleled by an increase in hs-CRP (YF: 0.9 (0.1-4.3)mg/L; OF: 2.3 (0.3-56.7)mg/L,p<0.001). Serum levels of TGF-β and TGF-β mRNA levels from PBMCs did not differ between young and old women whereas, both TGF- βRI/GAPDH (YF: 4.07 (1.38-14.60); OF: 2.08 (0.14-28.81); p=0.020) and TGF-βRII/GAPDH levels (YF: 3.16 (1.14- 10.25); OF: 1.71 (0.51-14.86); p=0.020) were lower with respect to old age. In elderly women, only TGF-βRΙ expression correlated negatively with miRNA-21 expression in PBMCs (ρ=-0.315; p=0.004). Interestingly, hs-CRP and miRNA correlated positively with handgrip strength (ρ=0.237 and ρ=243, p<0.05), while none of the TGF-β-related parameters were related to physical performance. The results suggest that age affects TGF-β signalling in leukocytes by altering the expression levels of its receptors. These changes seem to occur independently of physical fitness of old women.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Halper
- University of Vienna, Research Platform Active Ageing, Althanstraße 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Marlene Hofmann
- University of Vienna, Centre for Sport Science and University Sports, Department of Sport and Exercise Physiology, Auf der Schmelz 6, 1150 Vienna, Austria
| | - Stefan Oesen
- University of Vienna, Research Platform Active Ageing, Althanstraße 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Bernhard Franzke
- University of Vienna, Research Platform Active Ageing, Althanstraße 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Petra Stuparits
- University of Vienna, Centre for Sport Science and University Sports, Department of Preventive and Rehabilitative Training Science, Auf der Schmelz 6, 1150 Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Harald Tschan
- University of Vienna, Centre for Sport Science and University Sports, Department of Sport and Exercise Physiology, Auf der Schmelz 6, 1150 Vienna, Austria
| | - Norbert Bachl
- University of Vienna, Centre for Sport Science and University Sports, Department of Sport and Exercise Physiology, Auf der Schmelz 6, 1150 Vienna, Austria
| | - Eva-Maria Strasser
- Karl Landsteiner Institute for Remobilization and Functional Health/ Institute for Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Kaiser Franz Joseph Hospital, Social Medical Centre South, Kundratstrasse 3, 1100 Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Quittan
- Karl Landsteiner Institute for Remobilization and Functional Health/ Institute for Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Kaiser Franz Joseph Hospital, Social Medical Centre South, Kundratstrasse 3, 1100 Vienna, Austria
| | - Karl-Heinz Wagner
- University of Vienna, Research Platform Active Ageing, Althanstraße 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- University of Vienna, Faculty of Life Sciences, Department of Nutritional Science, Althanstraße 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Barbara Wessner
- University of Vienna, Research Platform Active Ageing, Althanstraße 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- University of Vienna, Centre for Sport Science and University Sports, Department of Sport and Exercise Physiology, Auf der Schmelz 6, 1150 Vienna, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
226
|
Gao T, Brodin P, Davis MM, Jojic V. Drug-induced mRNA signatures are enriched for the minority of genes that are highly heritable. Pac Symp Biocomput 2015:395-406. [PMID: 25592599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The blood gene expression signatures are used as biomarkers for immunological and non- immunological diseases. Therefore, it is important to understand the variation in blood gene expression patterns and the factors (heritable/non-heritable) that underlie this variation. In this paper, we study the relationship between drug effects on the one hand, and heritable and non-heritable factors influencing gene expression on the other. Understanding of this relationship can help select appropriate targets for drugs aimed at reverting disease phenotypes to healthy states. In order to estimate heritable and non-heritable effects on gene expression, we use Twin-ACE model on a gene expression dataset MuTHER, measured in blood samples from monozygotic and dizygotic twins. In order to associate gene expression with drug effects, we use CMap database. We show that, even though the expressions of most genes are driven by non-heritable factors, drugs are more likely to influence expression of genes, driven by heritable rather than non-heritable factors. We further study this finding in the context of a gene regulatory network. We investigate the relationship between the drug effects on gene expression and propagation of heritable and non-heritable factors through regulatory networks. We find that the decisive factor in determining whether a gene will be influenced by a drug is the flow of heritable effects supplied to the gene through regulatory network.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tianxiang Gao
- Department of Computer Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
227
|
Spies CM, Hoff P, Mazuch J, Gaber T, Maier B, Strehl C, Hahne M, Jakstadt M, Huscher D, Burmester GR, Detert J, Kramer A, Buttgereit F. Circadian rhythms of cellular immunity in rheumatoid arthritis: a hypothesis-generating study. Clin Exp Rheumatol 2015; 33:34-43. [PMID: 25535886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2014] [Accepted: 06/25/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The circadian rhythm of clinical symptoms in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) has been primarily attributed to circadian variations in humoral factors and hormones. In this study, we investigated circadian rhythms of cellular immunity in RA (CiRA study). METHODS Peripheral blood of female postmenopausal patients with active RA (DAS 28 ≥ 4.2) (n=5) and female postmenopausal non-RA controls (n=5) was collected every 2 hours for 24 hours and analysed by flow cytometry, cytokine multiplex suspension array and quantitative RT-PCR of clock gene expression in isolated CD14+ monocytes. Endogenous circadian rhythms of macrophages were investigated by BMAL1-luciferase bioluminescence. Significance of circadian rhythms was tested by Cosinor analysis. RESULTS We found (i) circadian rhythms in the relative frequency of peripheral blood cell populations that were present in postmenopausal non-RA controls but absent in patients with active RA, (ii) circadian rhythms that were absent in non-RA controls but present in patients with RA and (iii) circadian rhythms that were present in both groups but with differences in peak phase or amplitude or amplitude/magnitude. The circadian rhythm in expression of the clock genes PER2 and PER3 in CD14+ monocytes was lost in patients with RA. The amplitude of BMAL1-luciferase bioluminescence tended to be lower in patients with RA than in non-RA controls. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that (i) in RA some immune cell populations lose their normal circadian rhythms whereas others establish new 'inflammatory' circadian rhythms and (ii) these findings provide a good basis for further identifying pathophysiological aspects of RA chronobiology with potential therapeutic implications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cornelia M Spies
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany
| | - Paula Hoff
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, and German Arthritis Research Centre (DRFZ), Berlin, Germany
| | - Jeannine Mazuch
- Laboratory of Chronobiology, Institute for Medical Immunology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany
| | - Timo Gaber
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin; German Arthritis Research Centre (DRFZ), Berlin; and Berlin-Brandenburg Centre for Regenerative Therapies, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany
| | - Bert Maier
- Laboratory of Chronobiology, Institute for Medical Immunology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany
| | - Cindy Strehl
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin; and German Arthritis Research Centre (DRFZ), Berlin, Germany
| | - Martin Hahne
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin; German Arthritis Research Centre (DRFZ), Berlin; and Berlin-Brandenburg School for Regenerative Therapies, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany
| | - Manuela Jakstadt
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin; German Arthritis Research Centre (DRFZ), Berlin; and Berlin-Brandenburg Centre for Regenerative Therapies, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany
| | - Dörte Huscher
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin; and German Arthritis Research Centre (DRFZ), Berlin, Germany
| | - Gerd-Rüdiger Burmester
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany
| | - Jacqueline Detert
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany
| | - Achim Kramer
- Laboratory of Chronobiology, Institute for Medical Immunology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany
| | - Frank Buttgereit
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
228
|
Umasuthan N, Bathige SDNK, Revathy KS, Nam BH, Choi CY, Lee J. Molecular genomic- and transcriptional-aspects of a teleost TRAF6 homolog: Possible involvement in immune responses of Oplegnathus fasciatus against pathogens. Fish Shellfish Immunol 2015; 42:66-78. [PMID: 25449707 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2014.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2014] [Revised: 10/19/2014] [Accepted: 10/20/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR)-associated factor 6 (TRAF6) is a crucial docking molecule for TNFR superfamily and Interleukin-1 receptor/Toll-like receptor (IL-1R/TLR) superfamily. As an adaptor protein in pathogen-induced signaling cascades, TRAF6 modulates both adaptive- and innate-immunity. In order to understand the immune responses of teleost TRAF6, Oplegnathus fasciatus TRAF6-like gene (OfTRAF6) was identified and characterized. Genomic length of OfTRAF6 (4 kb), obtained by means of a genomic BAC library, spanned seven exons which represented a putative coding sequence of 1716 bp and encoded 571 amino acids (aa) with an estimated molecular weight of 64 kDa. This putative protein demonstrated the classical tetra-domain architecture composed of a zinc finger RING-type profile, two zinc finger TRAF-type profiles, a coiled-coil region and a MATH domain. While the sequence similarity with human TRAF6 was 66.5%, OfTRAF6 shared a higher overall similarity with teleost homologs (∼75-92%). Phylogeny of TRAF-family was examined and TRAF6-subfamily appeared to be the precursor of other subfamilies. In addition, the clustering pattern confirmed that OfTRAF6 is a novel member of TRAF6subfamily. Based on comparative genomic analysis, we found that vertebrate TRAF6 exhibits two distinct structures in teleost and tetrapod lineages. An intron-loss event has probably occurred in TRAF6 gene during the evolution of tetrapods from teleosts. Inspection of putative OfTRAF6 promoter revealed the presence of several immune responsive transcription factor binding sites. Real-time qPCR assay detected OfTRAF6 transcripts in eleven juvenile fish tissues with higher levels in peripheral blood cells followed by liver. Putative role of OfTRAF6 in response to flagellin, LPS, poly I:C, pathogenic bacteria (Edwardsiella tarda and Streptococcus iniae) and rock bream iridovirus (RBIV) was profiled in different tissues and OfTRAF6 revealed up-regulated transcript levels. Altogether, these findings implicate that OfTRAF6 is not only involved in flagellin-induced signaling cascade, but also contributes to the antibacterial- and antiviral-responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Navaneethaiyer Umasuthan
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, School of Marine Biomedical Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province 690-756, Republic of Korea; Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province 690-756, Republic of Korea
| | - S D N K Bathige
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, School of Marine Biomedical Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province 690-756, Republic of Korea; Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province 690-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Kasthuri Saranya Revathy
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, School of Marine Biomedical Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province 690-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Bo-Hye Nam
- Biotechnology Research Division, Fisheries Research and Development Institute, 408-1, Sirang-ri, Gijang-up, Gigang-gun, Busan 619-705, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheol Young Choi
- Division of Marine Environment and Bioscience, Korea Maritime University, Busan 606-791, Republic of Korea
| | - Jehee Lee
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, School of Marine Biomedical Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province 690-756, Republic of Korea; Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province 690-756, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
229
|
Liu Y, Wang YR, Wang L, Song RM, Zhou B, Song ZS. Significance of detecting circulating hepatocellular carcinoma cells in peripheral blood of hepatocellular carcinoma patients by nested reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and its clinical value: a retrospective study. Tumori 2014; 100:536-40. [PMID: 25343549 DOI: 10.1700/1660.18174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
AIMS AND BACKGROUND Circulating hepatocellular carcinoma cells may be detected by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. We investigated the relationship between circulating hepatocellular carcinoma cells and hepatoma patient survival after different managements and survival periods. METHODS AND STUDY DESIGN Peripheral vein blood (5 ml) samples were obtained from 113 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma and from 33 control subjects (9 with liver cirrhosis after hepatitis B, 14 with chronic hepatitis B, 10 healthy individuals) between January 1, 2009, and December 31, 2013. To detect circulating hepatocellular carcinoma cells in peripheral blood, alpha-fetoprotein messenger RNA was amplified from total RNA extracted from whole blood by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS Alpha-fetoprotein messenger RNA was detected in 59 blood samples from the hepatocellular carcinoma patients (59/113, 52.2%). In contrast, there were no clinical control subjects whose samples showed detectable alpha-fetoprotein messenger RNA. The presence of alpha-fetoprotein messenger RNA in blood seemed to be correlated with the stage (by TNM classification) of hepatocellular carcinoma, serum alpha-fetoprotein value, and the presence of intrahepatic metastasis, portal vein thrombosis, tumor diameter and/or distant metastasis. In addition, alpha-fetoprotein messenger RNA was detected in the blood of 25 patients showing distant metastasis at extrahepatic organs (100%), in contrast to 32 of 88 cases without metastasis (36.4%). All the patients with hepatocellular carcinoma were followed. Seventeen patients with resection of a T 2 stage hepatocellular carcinoma had a survival of 3.2 years after surgical management, 38 cases with resection of a T3 stage hepatocellular carcinoma had a 1.3-year survival, and only 37 cases with T4 stage disease after different treatments except surgery survived for 0.6 years (P <0.01). CONCLUSIONS The presence of alpha-fetoprotein messenger RNA in peripheral blood may be an indicator of circulating hepatocellular carcinoma cells, which might predict hematogenous spreading metastasis in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma and may be a poor prognostic factor for hepatocellular carcinoma patients.
Collapse
|
230
|
Petersen PS, Lei X, Seldin MM, Rodriguez S, Byerly MS, Wolfe A, Whitlock S, Wong GW. Dynamic and extensive metabolic state-dependent regulation of cytokine expression and circulating levels. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2014; 307:R1458-70. [PMID: 25320344 PMCID: PMC4269668 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00335.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2014] [Accepted: 10/11/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cytokines play diverse and critical roles in innate and acquired immunity, and several function within the central nervous system and in peripheral tissues to modulate energy metabolism. The extent to which changes in energy balance impact the expression and circulating levels of cytokines (many of which have pleiotropic functions) has not been systematically examined. To investigate metabolism-related changes in cytokine profiles, we used a multiplex approach to assess changes in 71 circulating mouse cytokines in response to acute (fasting and refeeding) and chronic (high-fat feeding) alterations in whole body metabolism. Refeeding significantly decreased serum levels of IL-22, IL-1α, soluble (s)IL-2Rα, and soluble vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 3 (VEGFR3), but markedly increased granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), IL-1β, chemokine (C-C motif) ligand (CCL2), sIL-1RI, lipocalin-2, pentraxin-3, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP-1), and serum amyloid protein (SAP) relative to the fasted state. Interestingly, only a few of these changes paralleled the alterations in expression of their corresponding mRNAs. Functional studies demonstrated that central delivery of G-CSF increased, whereas IL-22 decreased, food intake. Changes in food intake were not accompanied by acute alterations in orexigenic (Npy and Agrp) and anorexigenic (Pomc and Cart) neuropeptide gene expression in the hypothalamus. In the context of chronic high-fat feeding, circulating levels of chemokine (C-X-C) ligand (CXCL1), serum amyloid protein A3 (SAA3), TIMP-1, α1-acid glycoprotein (AGP), and A2M were increased, whereas IL-12p40, CCL4, sCD30, soluble receptor for advanced glycation end products (sRAGE), CCL12, CCL20, CX3CL1, IL-16, IL-22, and haptoglobin were decreased relative to mice fed a control low-fat diet. These results demonstrate that both short- and long-term changes in whole body metabolism extensively alter cytokine expression and circulating levels, thus providing a foundation and framework for further investigations to ascertain the metabolic roles for these molecules in physiological and pathological states.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pia S Petersen
- Department of Physiology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; Center for Metabolism and Obesity Research, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Xia Lei
- Department of Physiology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; Center for Metabolism and Obesity Research, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Marcus M Seldin
- Department of Physiology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; Center for Metabolism and Obesity Research, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Susana Rodriguez
- Department of Physiology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; Center for Metabolism and Obesity Research, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Mardi S Byerly
- Department of Physiology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; Center for Metabolism and Obesity Research, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Andrew Wolfe
- Department of Pediatrics, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; and
| | - Scott Whitlock
- Department of Physiology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; Center for Metabolism and Obesity Research, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - G William Wong
- Department of Physiology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; Center for Metabolism and Obesity Research, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| |
Collapse
|
231
|
Häntzsch M, Tolios A, Beutner F, Nagel D, Thiery J, Teupser D, Holdt LM. Comparison of whole blood RNA preservation tubes and novel generation RNA extraction kits for analysis of mRNA and MiRNA profiles. PLoS One 2014; 9:e113298. [PMID: 25469788 PMCID: PMC4254602 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0113298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2014] [Accepted: 10/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Whole blood expression profiling is frequently performed using PAXgene (Qiagen) or Tempus (Life Technologies) tubes. Here, we compare 6 novel generation RNA isolation protocols with respect to RNA quantity, quality and recovery of mRNA and miRNA. Methods 3 PAXgene and 3 Tempus Tubes were collected from participants of the LIFE study with (n = 12) and without (n = 35) acute myocardial infarction (AMI). RNA was extracted with 4 manual protocols from Qiagen (PAXgene Blood miRNA Kit), Life Technologies (MagMAX for Stabilized Blood Tubes RNA Isolation Kit), and Norgen Biotek (Norgen Preserved Blood RNA Purification Kit I and Kit II), and 2 (semi-)automated protocols on the QIAsymphony (Qiagen) and MagMAX Express-96 Magnetic Particle Processor (Life Technologies). RNA quantity and quality was determined. For biological validation, RNA from 12 representative probands, extracted with all 6 kits (n = 72), was reverse transcribed and mRNAs (matrix metalloproteinase 9, arginase 1) and miRNAs (miR133a, miR1), shown to be altered by AMI, were analyzed. Results RNA yields were highest using the Norgen Kit I with Tempus Tubes and lowest using the Norgen Kit II with PAXgene. The disease status was the second major determinant of RNA yields (LIFE-AMI 11.2 vs. LIFE 6.7 µg, p<0.001) followed by the choice of blood collection tube. (Semi-)automation reduced overall RNA extraction time but did not generally reduce hands-on-time. RNA yields and quality were comparable between manual and automated extraction protocols. mRNA expression was not affected by collection tubes and RNA extraction kits but by RT/qPCR reagents with exception of the Norgen Kit II, which led to mRNA depletion. For miRNAs, expression differences related to collection tubes (miR30b), RNA isolation (Norgen Kit II), and RT/qRT reagents (miR133a) were observed. Conclusion We demonstrate that novel generation RNA isolation kits significantly differed with respect to RNA recovery and affected miRNA but not mRNA expression profiles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Madlen Häntzsch
- LIFE – Leipzig Research Center for Civilization Diseases, University Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Alexander Tolios
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Frank Beutner
- LIFE – Leipzig Research Center for Civilization Diseases, University Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Cardiology, Heart Center, University Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Dorothea Nagel
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Joachim Thiery
- LIFE – Leipzig Research Center for Civilization Diseases, University Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Daniel Teupser
- LIFE – Leipzig Research Center for Civilization Diseases, University Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Lesca M. Holdt
- LIFE – Leipzig Research Center for Civilization Diseases, University Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
232
|
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Lipoprotein (a) [Lp(a)] is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of treatment options for Lp(a) lowering. RECENT FINDINGS Recent studies confirmed that lifestyle intervention and statins do not affect Lp(a) levels, whereas Lp(a) is lowered by oestrogens, niacin, and lipoprotein apheresis. Cholesterol ester transfer protein inhibitors and proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 antibodies, currently studied in phase 3 trials, also lower Lp(a) concentrations by 30-50%. However, all of these compounds have modifying effects on multiple lipoprotein classes. An antisense oligonucleotide directed to apolipoprotein (a) has recently been developed to specifically lower circulating Lp(a) levels. This compound lowers Lp(a) mRNA up to 90%, and Lp(a) levels up to 82% in human volunteers independent of Lp(a) levels at baseline. SUMMARY Multiple agents, including the next generation RNA-based antisense therapeutics have Lp(a) lowering properties. However, it remains to be established whether lowering Lp(a) reduces cardiovascular disease events with specific Lp(a) lowering therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sven Bos
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
233
|
Matas E, Bau L, Martínez-Iniesta M, Romero-Pinel L, Mañé MA, Cobo-Calvo Á, Martínez-Yélamos S. Baseline MxA mRNA expression predicts interferon beta response in multiple sclerosis patients. PLoS One 2014; 9:e112758. [PMID: 25396411 PMCID: PMC4232440 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0112758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2014] [Accepted: 10/14/2014] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Myxovirus resistance protein A (MxA) is a molecule induced after interferon-beta injection, mostly used to evaluate its bioactivity. There is little available data on clinical utility of baseline MxA mRNA status. The objective of the study is to investigate whether baseline MxA mRNA expression can predict relapse and disease progression in multiple sclerosis patients treated with interferon-beta. METHODS Baseline blood samples were obtained before the first interferon-beta dose was administered to evaluate MxA mRNA expression using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Demographic and clinical variables were prospectively recorded to define treatment responder and non responder groups. RESULTS 104 patients were included in the study. Baseline MxA mRNA expression was significantly lower in the group of patients who met the definition of responders (1.07 vs 1.95, Student t test, p<0.0001). A threshold of 1.096 was established using Receiver Operating Characteristic analysis to differentiate between responders and non-responders (sensitivity 73.9%, specificity 69.0%). Survival analysis using this threshold showed that time to next relapse (p<0.0001) and to EDSS progression (p = 0.01) were significantly higher in patients with lower MxA titers. CONCLUSION The results suggest that baseline MxA mRNA levels may be useful for predicting whether multiple sclerosis patients will respond or not to interferon-beta treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elisabet Matas
- Multiple Sclerosis Unit, Neurology Department, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge-IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura Bau
- Multiple Sclerosis Unit, Neurology Department, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge-IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - María Martínez-Iniesta
- Translational Research Laboratory, Institut Català d'Oncologia- IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lucía Romero-Pinel
- Multiple Sclerosis Unit, Neurology Department, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge-IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M. Alba Mañé
- Multiple Sclerosis Unit, Neurology Department, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge-IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Neurology, Joan XXIII University Hospital, Universitat Rovira I Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Álvaro Cobo-Calvo
- Multiple Sclerosis Unit, Neurology Department, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge-IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sergio Martínez-Yélamos
- Multiple Sclerosis Unit, Neurology Department, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge-IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
234
|
Yang J, Wei F, Schafer C, Wong DTW. Detection of tumor cell-specific mRNA and protein in exosome-like microvesicles from blood and saliva. PLoS One 2014; 9:e110641. [PMID: 25397880 PMCID: PMC4232306 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0110641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2014] [Accepted: 09/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The discovery of disease-specific biomarkers in oral fluids has revealed a new dimension in molecular diagnostics. Recent studies have reported the mechanistic involvement of tumor cells derived mediators, such as exosomes, in the development of saliva-based mRNA biomarkers. To further our understanding of the origins of disease-induced salivary biomarkers, we here evaluated the hypothesis that tumor-shed secretory lipidic vesicles called exosome-like microvesicles (ELMs) that serve as protective carriers of tissue-specific information, mRNAs, and proteins, throughout the vasculature and bodily fluids. RNA content was analyzed in cell free-saliva and ELM-enriched fractions of saliva. Our data confirmed that the majority of extracellular RNAs (exRNAs) in saliva were encapsulated within ELMs. Nude mice implanted with human lung cancer H460 cells expressing hCD63-GFP were used to follow the circulation of tumor cell specific protein and mRNA in the form of ELMs in vivo. We were able to identify human GAPDH mRNA in ELMs of blood and saliva of tumor bearing mice using nested RT-qPCR. ELMs positive for hCD63-GFP were detected in the saliva and blood of tumor bearing mice as well as using electric field-induced release and measurement (EFIRM). Altogether, our results demonstrate that ELMs carry tumor cell-specific mRNA and protein from blood to saliva in a xenografted mouse model of human lung cancer. These results therefore strengthen the link between distal tumor progression and the biomarker discovery of saliva through the ELMs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jieping Yang
- School of Dentistry, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Fang Wei
- School of Dentistry, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Christopher Schafer
- School of Dentistry, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - David T. W. Wong
- School of Dentistry, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
235
|
Zhang H, Korenková V, Sjöback R, Švec D, Björkman J, Kruhøffer M, Verderio P, Pizzamiglio S, Ciniselli CM, Wyrich R, Oelmueller U, Kubista M, Lindahl T, Lönneborg A, Rian E. Biomarkers for monitoring pre-analytical quality variation of mRNA in blood samples. PLoS One 2014; 9:e111644. [PMID: 25369468 PMCID: PMC4219744 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0111644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2014] [Accepted: 09/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
There is an increasing need for proper quality control tools in the pre-analytical phase of the molecular diagnostic workflow. The aim of the present study was to identify biomarkers for monitoring pre-analytical mRNA quality variations in two different types of blood collection tubes, K2EDTA (EDTA) tubes and PAXgene Blood RNA Tubes (PAXgene tubes). These tubes are extensively used both in the diagnostic setting as well as for research biobank samples. Blood specimens collected in the two different blood collection tubes were stored for varying times at different temperatures, and microarray analysis was performed on resultant extracted RNA. A large set of potential mRNA quality biomarkers for monitoring post-phlebotomy gene expression changes and mRNA degradation in blood was identified. qPCR assays for the potential biomarkers and a set of relevant reference genes were generated and used to pre-validate a sub-set of the selected biomarkers. The assay precision of the potential qPCR based biomarkers was determined, and a final validation of the selected quality biomarkers using the developed qPCR assays and blood samples from 60 healthy additional subjects was performed. In total, four mRNA quality biomarkers (USP32, LMNA, FOSB, TNRFSF10C) were successfully validated. We suggest here the use of these blood mRNA quality biomarkers for validating an experimental pre-analytical workflow. These biomarkers were further evaluated in the 2nd ring trial of the SPIDIA-RNA Program which demonstrated that these biomarkers can be used as quality control tools for mRNA analyses from blood samples.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Vlasta Korenková
- Laboratory of Gene Expression, Institute of Biotechnology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | | | - David Švec
- Laboratory of Gene Expression, Institute of Biotechnology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
- TATAA Biocenter, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | | | - Paolo Verderio
- Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Sara Pizzamiglio
- Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Mikael Kubista
- Laboratory of Gene Expression, Institute of Biotechnology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
- TATAA Biocenter, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
236
|
Skondra M, Gkioka E, Kostakis ID, Pissimissis N, Lembessis P, Pectasides D, Koutsilieris M. Detection of circulating tumor cells in breast cancer patients using multiplex reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and specific primers for MGB, PTHRP and KRT19 correlation with clinicopathological features. Anticancer Res 2014; 34:6691-6699. [PMID: 25368276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
AIM The aim of this study was to correlate the clinicopathological features of breast cancer patients with the positive detection of parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHRP), cytokeratin protein 19 (KRT19) and mammaglobin (MGB) using a multiplex reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay developed to detect circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in peripheral blood of patients with breast cancer. PATIENTS AND METHODS Peripheral blood samples were collected from 54 breast cancer patients and 20 healthy blood donors. Subsequently, the samples were processed for RNA extraction and analyzed for the expression of PTHRP, KRT19 and MGB using specific primers and multiplex RT-PCR. RESULTS The positive detection rates in breast cancer patients for PTHRP, KRT19 and MGB were 68.5%, 63% and 22.2% and for healthy donors 10%, 0% and 10%, respectively. The statistical analysis revealed that PTHRP- and KRT19-positive detections correlated with the diagnosis of breast cancer while the combined positive detections of PTHRP-plus-KRT19 correlated with the presence of distant metastasis, especially with bone metastasis. Moreover, positive detections of KRT19 correlated with high proliferation rate of breast cancer tumors. MGB-positive detections did not add any diagnostic advantage in such analysis. CONCLUSION Multiplex-PCR based detection of CTCs using PTHRP and KRT19 primers can provide useful information for the disease.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Adult
- Aged
- Biomarkers, Tumor
- Bone Neoplasms/blood
- Bone Neoplasms/genetics
- Bone Neoplasms/secondary
- Breast Neoplasms/blood
- Breast Neoplasms/genetics
- Breast Neoplasms/pathology
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/blood
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/genetics
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/secondary
- Carcinoma, Lobular/blood
- Carcinoma, Lobular/genetics
- Carcinoma, Lobular/secondary
- Case-Control Studies
- Female
- Follow-Up Studies
- Humans
- Keratin-19/genetics
- Lymphatic Metastasis
- Mammaglobin A/genetics
- Middle Aged
- Neoplasm Grading
- Neoplasm Staging
- Neoplastic Cells, Circulating/pathology
- Prognosis
- RNA, Messenger/blood
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Neoplasm/blood
- RNA, Neoplasm/genetics
- Receptor, Parathyroid Hormone, Type 1/genetics
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Skondra
- Department of Experimental Physiology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, Athens, Greece Second Department of Internal Medicine University of Athens, Hippokratio Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Eliona Gkioka
- Department of Experimental Physiology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - Ioannis D Kostakis
- Second Department of Propedeutic Surgery National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Pissimissis
- Department of Experimental Physiology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - Panagiotis Lembessis
- Department of Experimental Physiology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Pectasides
- Second Department of Internal Medicine University of Athens, Hippokratio Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Michael Koutsilieris
- Department of Experimental Physiology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, Athens, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
237
|
Kondratova VN, Botezatu IV, Shelepov VP, Likhtenshtein AV. [Transcripts of satellite DNA in blood plasma: probable markers of tumor growth]. Mol Biol (Mosk) 2014; 48:999-1007. [PMID: 25845241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
A recent study of human normal and tumor tissues revealed a high transcriptional activity of pericentromeric satellite DNA repeats (they produce half of all transcripts in tumor cells that is many times higher than in normal ones). It was found also that the two subtypes of satellite DNA (HSATII and GSATII) are transcribed reciprocally, i.e. there is a sharp prevalence of HSATII transcription in tumors, while GSATII transcription prevails in the corresponding normal tissues. As different RNAs are present in blood plasma, and some of them serve as effectivetumor markers, we attempted for the first time to evaluate satellite HSATII and GSATII RNAs in the blood plasma of healthy donors and cancer patients. The RT-PCR protocol designed for this purpose allowed us to detect transcripts of both HSATII and GSATII repeats. As it has been shown, HSATII transcripts are more abundant than GSATII ones in plasma of healthy donors and vice versa in plasma of cancer patients; these ratios being diametrically opposed to those that exist within the cells. Some suggestions concerning origins of circulating satellite RNAs and their probable role as tumor markers are discussed.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Biomarkers, Tumor/blood
- Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
- Colonic Neoplasms/blood
- Colonic Neoplasms/genetics
- Colonic Neoplasms/pathology
- DNA, Neoplasm/blood
- DNA, Neoplasm/genetics
- DNA, Satellite/blood
- DNA, Satellite/genetics
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Humans
- MCF-7 Cells
- RNA, Messenger/blood
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Neoplasm/blood
- RNA, Neoplasm/genetics
- Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Transcription, Genetic
- Tumor Microenvironment/genetics
Collapse
|
238
|
Gifford CA, Branham KA, Ellison JO, Gómez BI, Lemley CO, Hart CG, Krehbiel CR, Bernhard BC, Maxwell CL, Goad CL, Hallford DM, Hernandez Gifford JA. Effect of anabolic implants on adrenal cortisol synthesis in feedlot beef cattle implanted early or late in the finishing phase. Physiol Behav 2014; 138:118-23. [PMID: 25447333 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2014.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2014] [Revised: 10/16/2014] [Accepted: 10/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Implantation of anabolic steroids to increase growth rate in beef cattle impacts adrenal glucocorticoid production. The mechanism by which combination androgen and estrogen implants reduce cortisol biosynthesis in heifers is not clear. The objective of this study was to identify whether pituitary or adrenal gene expression and liver enzyme activity may contribute to altered serum cortisol concentrations in heifers receiving a combination implant. On d 0 of a 122-d finishing phase, 187 predominantly Angus heifers (361 kg) approximately 14 months old were randomly assigned to one of three implant groups: (1) non-implanted control, (2) implanted at the beginning of the finishing phase (d 0; early implant) with a combination implant (200mg TBA+20mg E2; Revalor 200®), and (3) implanted during the late stage of the finishing phase (d 56; late implant) with Revalor 200®. At d 56, body weight (BW) was greater (P<0.0001) for the early implanted heifers (456 ± 1.9 kg) compared to 437 and 435 (± 1.8) kg for control and late implanted heifers, respectively. Final BW (d 122) was similar between both implanted groups and heavier than non-implanted controls (P<0.0001). Serum cortisol was similar among groups at d 0 (P=0.86) however, by d 28 heifers receiving the combination implant had reduced (P<0.05) serum cortisol concentrations (31.2 ng/mL) compared to controls (49.4 ng/mL) and late (48.2 ng/mL) groups. On d 84 cortisol was similar (P=0.75) among implanted heifers and was less (P<0.01) than non-implanted heifers. Expression of pituitary and adrenal genes involved in glucocorticoid synthesis was evaluated at d 28/29 or 84/85; however, despite decreased serum cortisol in implanted heifers, no change in mRNA expression was demonstrated. Liver CYP3A enzyme activity at d 28/29 was decreased 59% in early implanted heifers compared to control heifers (P=0.01). Additionally, at d 84/85 AKR1C activity was greatest (P=0.01) in control heifers compared to both implanted groups. Data suggest that components of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis are influenced by exposure to exogenous hormones and this should be recognized when considering cortisol levels as a marker for stress response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C A Gifford
- Oklahoma State University, Department of Animal Science, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
| | - K A Branham
- Oklahoma State University, Department of Animal Science, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
| | - J O Ellison
- Oklahoma State University, Department of Animal Science, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
| | - B I Gómez
- Oklahoma State University, Department of Animal Science, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
| | - C O Lemley
- Mississippi State University, Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA
| | - C G Hart
- Mississippi State University, Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA
| | - C R Krehbiel
- Oklahoma State University, Department of Animal Science, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
| | - B C Bernhard
- Oklahoma State University, Department of Animal Science, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
| | - C L Maxwell
- Oklahoma State University, Department of Animal Science, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
| | - C L Goad
- Oklahoma State University, Department of Statistics, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
| | - D M Hallford
- New Mexico State University, Department of Animal and Range Sciences, Las Cruces, NM 88003, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
239
|
Orsatti CL, Nahas EAP, Nahas-Neto J, Orsatti FL, Giorgi VI, Witkin SS. Evaluation of Toll-Like receptor 2 and 4 RNA expression and the cytokine profile in postmenopausal women with metabolic syndrome. PLoS One 2014; 9:e109259. [PMID: 25329057 PMCID: PMC4201477 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0109259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2014] [Accepted: 09/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the gene expression of Toll-Like (TLR-2 and TLR-4) receptors and cytokine profile in postmenopausal women with or without metabolic syndrome (MetS). METHODS In this cross-sectional study, 311 Brazilian women (age≥45 years and amenorrhea≥12 months) were included. Women showing three or more of the following diagnostic criteria were diagnosed as positive for MetS: waist circumference>88 cm, triglycerides≥150 mg/dL, HDL cholesterol<50 mg/dL, blood pressure≥130/85 mmHg, and fasting glucose≥100 mg/dL. The expression of TLR-2 and TLR-4 in peripheral blood was evaluated by RNA extraction and subsequent real time PCR analysis. The cytokine profile, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and interleukins 1β, 6, and 10, were measured by ELISA. RESULTS The expression of TLR-2 RNA was demonstrated in 32.5% and TLR-4 in 20.6% of the subjects. There was no association between the expression of TLR-2 and TLR-4 and the presence or absence of MetS (P>0.05). A greater production of IL-6 was associated with TLR-2 and TLR-4 expressions and greater production of TNF-α was associated only with TLR-2 expression (P>0.05). Only the lower quartile of IL-10 was associated with the presence of the MetS (P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS TLR-2 and TLR-4 expressions were associated with increased pro-inflammatory cytokines, IL-6 and TNF-α, with no association with biomarkers of MetS. The low concentrations of IL-10 may suggest an anti-inflammatory modulation in postmenopausal women with MetS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Lera Orsatti
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Botucatu Medical School, Sao Paulo State University-UNESP, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eliana Aguiar Petri Nahas
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Botucatu Medical School, Sao Paulo State University-UNESP, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jorge Nahas-Neto
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Botucatu Medical School, Sao Paulo State University-UNESP, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fabio Lera Orsatti
- Department of Sports Science Institute of Health Sciences-UFTM, Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Innocenti Giorgi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biosciences, Sao Paulo State University- UNESP, Botucatu, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Steven S. Witkin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
240
|
Sanseverino I, Rinaldi AO, Purificato C, Cortese A, Millefiorini E, Gessani S, Gauzzi MC. CCL2 induction by 1,25(OH)2D3 in dendritic cells from healthy donors and multiple sclerosis patients. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2014; 144 Pt A:102-5. [PMID: 24184699 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2013.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2013] [Revised: 10/21/2013] [Accepted: 10/23/2013] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
CCL2 plays a pivotal role in the recruitment of different immune cells to sites of inflammation and evidence indicates its involvement in multiple sclerosis (MS) pathogenesis. MS lesions are characterized by an inflammatory infiltrate, whose nature is controlled by chemokines and cytokines, and elevated expression of CCL2 has been found in acute and chronic MS plaques within the brain. Vitamin D deficiency is currently considered one of the main environmental MS risk factors. In this study we analyzed the role of 1,25(OH)2D3, the bioactive vitamin D metabolite, in the regulation of CCL2 expression by dendritic cells (DC) obtained from healthy donors and relapsing-remitting MS patients. We report that 1,25(OH)2D3, as well as 25OHD3, its main blood precursor, induce the secretion of high levels of CCL2. 1,25(OH)2D3-induced CCL2 levels are comparable to those secreted in response to a classical DC maturation stimulus. Moreover, we observed that 1,25(OH)2D3 is able to induce a significant CCL2 secretion in DC obtained from relapsing-remitting MS patients, although CCL2 levels in these latter are lower with respect to healthy controls. The cause(s) of this apparently defective response of DC from patients and its consequences in the context of MS remain to be elucidated. However, we propose CCL2 as a molecular player contributing to the immunomodulatory activity of 1,25(OH)2D3 on DC, and hypothesize a role for this chemokine in the response of MS patients to vitamin D therapy. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled '16th Vitamin D Workshop'.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Isabella Sanseverino
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Arturo O Rinaldi
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Cristina Purificato
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Cortese
- Multiple Sclerosis Center, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Sandra Gessani
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - M Cristina Gauzzi
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
241
|
Hong G, Chen B, Li H, Zhang W, Zheng T, Li S, Shi T, Ao L, Guo Z. Similar source of differential blood mRNAs in lung cancer and pulmonary inflammatory diseases: calls for improved strategy for identifying cancer-specific biomarkers. PLoS One 2014; 9:e108104. [PMID: 25243474 PMCID: PMC4171535 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0108104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2014] [Accepted: 08/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many studies try to identify cancer diagnostic biomarkers by comparing peripheral whole blood (PWB) of cancer samples and healthy controls, explicitly or implicitly assuming that such biomarkers are potential candidate biomarkers for distinguishing cancer from nonmalignant inflammation-associated diseases. METHODS Multiple PWB gene expression profiles for lung cancer/inflammation-associated pulmonary diseases were used for differential mRNAs identification and comparison and for proportion estimation of PWB cell subtypes. RESULTS The differentially expressed genes (DE genes) between lung cancer/inflammation-associated pulmonary patients and healthy controls were reproducibly identified in different datasets. For these DE genes observed in lung cancer/inflammation-associated pulmonary diseases, more than 90.2% were differentially expressed between myeloid cells and lymphoid cells, with at least 96.8% having consistent directions of regulation (up- or down-regulations) in myeloid cells compared to lymphoid cells, explainable by the shifted populations of PWB cell subtypes under the disease conditions. The comparison of DE genes for lung cancer and inflammation-associated pulmonary diseases showed that the overlapping genes were 100% consistent in the sense of direction of regulation. CONCLUSIONS The differential blood mRNAs observed in lung cancer and in inflammation-associated pulmonary diseases were similar, both mainly reflecting the difference between myeloid cells and lymphoid cells predominantly determined by PWB cell population shifts. Thus, the strategy of comparing cancer with healthy controls may provide little information of the ability of the identified candidate biomarkers in discriminating cancer from inflammation-associated pulmonary diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guini Hong
- Bioinformatics Centre, School of Life Science, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Beibei Chen
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Hongdong Li
- Bioinformatics Centre, School of Life Science, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Wenjing Zhang
- Bioinformatics Centre, School of Life Science, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Tingting Zheng
- Bioinformatics Centre, School of Life Science, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Shan Li
- Bioinformatics Centre, School of Life Science, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Tongwei Shi
- Bioinformatics Centre, School of Life Science, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Lu Ao
- Department of Bioinformatics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zheng Guo
- Bioinformatics Centre, School of Life Science, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- Department of Bioinformatics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
242
|
Junus K, Wikström AK, Larsson A, Olovsson M. Placental expression of proBNP/NT-proBNP and plasma levels of NT-proBNP in early- and late-onset preeclampsia. Am J Hypertens 2014; 27:1225-30. [PMID: 24610898 DOI: 10.1093/ajh/hpu033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Levels of plasma N-terminal pro B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) are elevated in preeclampsia. In this study, the possibility that the placenta produces and releases proBNP/NT-proBNP was explored. Plasma levels of NT-proBNP in early- and late-onset preeclampsia were also measured. METHODS Placental proBNP mRNA in early-onset preeclampsia (n = 7), late-onset preeclampsia (n = 8), and controls of similar gestational age (n = 10) was assessed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. ProBNP/NT-proBNP protein was studied in placental samples with immunohistochemistry (n = 8) and tissue culture (n = 2). Plasma levels of NT-proBNP were measured in early-onset preeclampsia (n = 18), late-onset preeclampsia (n = 20), and relevant controls (n = 36). RESULTS Transcripts of proBNP mRNA were found in 20 out of 25 samples, there were no differences in expression between the groups. ProBNP/NT-proBNP protein was observed in maternal spiral arteries and in syncytiotrophoblasts in all placental samples. After placental tissue culture, there were measurable amounts of NT-proBNP in the culture media. Women with both early- (365 [14-9815] pg/ml) and late-onset preeclampsia (176 [33-2547] pg/ml) had higher levels of NT-proBNP than their controls (P < 0.001). There was a tendency toward higher levels of NT-proBNP in women with early-onset preeclampsia than in women with late-onset preeclampsia (P = 0.057). CONCLUSION The results indicate possible placental production and release of proBNP/NT-proBNP into the maternal circulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katja Junus
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden;
| | - Anna-Karin Wikström
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Anders Larsson
- Department of Medical Sciences, Biochemical Structure and Function, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Matts Olovsson
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
243
|
Su XM, Yang W. α-Klotho is an acute phase protein and altered by restraint stress in mice. Int J Clin Exp Pathol 2014; 7:5922-5926. [PMID: 25337236 PMCID: PMC4203207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2014] [Accepted: 08/14/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify whether α-Klotho is a kind of acute phase protein and alternation in the level of protein and mRNA under restraint stress. METHOD 48 mice were divided into three groups of 16: 1h, 10h and 20 h treat time group. Each group included restraint stress and control subgroup with same number animals (n = 8). ELISA was utilized in the assay of serum α-Klotho and corticosterone, RT-PCR was occupied in the detection of the expression of α-Klotho mRNA in renal tissue. RESULT α-Klotho protein concentration of control group 1h, 10h and 20 h was 757.71 ± 333.93 pg/ml, 687.38 ± 342.79 pg/ml and 912.90 ± 337.8 pg/ml, respectively. While the concentration of restraint stress group 1h, 10h and 20 h was 726.40 ± 342.79 pg/ml, 1261.54 ± 442.71 pg/ml, and 1696.18 ± 404.11 pg/ml. There was no significant difference among 1h, 10h and 20 h control groups (P > 0.05) as well as 1h treat time subgroup. Compared with respective control group, the difference of restraint stress group in 10h and 20 h treat time group was significant (P < 0.05). The expression of α-Klotho mRNA was slightly downregulated even when the mice underwent a 1 hour restraint stress, though without significance (p > 0.05). Prominent fold change, 2.02 and 2.46, happened in 10h and 20 h restraint group with significance (P < 0.05 and P < 0.01), respectively. CONCLUSION α-Klotho is a kind of acute phase protein. The serum α-Klotho protein is promoted while the α-Klotho mRNA is downregulated under the constraint stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xian-Ming Su
- Department of Geriatric Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Wei Yang
- Department of Geriatric Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an 710061, China
| |
Collapse
|
244
|
Luchting B, Rachinger-Adam B, Zeitler J, Egenberger L, Möhnle P, Kreth S, Azad SC. Disrupted TH17/Treg balance in patients with chronic low back pain. PLoS One 2014; 9:e104883. [PMID: 25122126 PMCID: PMC4133258 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0104883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2014] [Accepted: 07/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic low back pain (CLBP) is a leading cause of disability and costs in health care systems worldwide. Despite extensive research, the exact pathogenesis of CLBP, particularly the individual risk of chronification remains unclear. To investigate a possible role of the adaptive immune system in the pathophysiology of CLBP, we analyzed T cell related cytokine profiles, T cell related mRNA expression patterns and the distribution of T cell subsets in 37 patients suffering from nonspecific CLBP before and after multimodal therapy in comparison to 25 healthy controls. Serum patterns of marker cytokines were analyzed by Luminex technology, mRNA expression of cytokines and specific transcription factors was measured by real-time PCR, and distribution of TH1-, TH2-, TH17- and regulatory T cell (Tregs) subsets was determined by multicolor flow cytometry. We found that CLBP patients exhibit an increased number of anti-inflammatory Tregs, while pro-inflammatory TH17 cells are decreased, resulting in an altered TH17/Treg ratio. Accordingly, FoxP3 and TGF-β-mRNA expression was elevated, while expression of IL-23 was reduced. Serum cytokine analyses proved to be unsuitable to monitor the adaptive immune response in CLBP patients. We further show that even after successful therapy with lasting reduction of pain, T cell subset patterns remained altered after a follow-up period of 6 months. These findings suggest an involvement of TH17/Treg cells in the pathogenesis of CLBP and emphasize the importance of these cells in the crosstalk of pain and immune response. Trial Registration German Clinical Trial Register: Registration Trial DRKS00005954.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Luchting
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, Munich, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Banafscheh Rachinger-Adam
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Julia Zeitler
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Lisa Egenberger
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Patrick Möhnle
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Simone Kreth
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Shahnaz Christina Azad
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, Munich, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
245
|
Meissner EG, Wu D, Osinusi A, Bon D, Virtaneva K, Sturdevant D, Porcella S, Wang H, Herrmann E, McHutchison J, Suffredini AF, Polis M, Hewitt S, Prokunina-Olsson L, Masur H, Fauci AS, Kottilil S. Endogenous intrahepatic IFNs and association with IFN-free HCV treatment outcome. J Clin Invest 2014; 124:3352-63. [PMID: 24983321 PMCID: PMC4109554 DOI: 10.1172/jci75938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2014] [Accepted: 05/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND. Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infects approximately 170 million people worldwide and may lead to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma in chronically infected individuals. Treatment is rapidly evolving from IFN-α-based therapies to IFN-α-free regimens that consist of directly acting antiviral agents (DAAs), which demonstrate improved efficacy and tolerability in clinical trials. Virologic relapse after DAA therapy is a common cause of treatment failure; however, it is not clear why relapse occurs or whether certain individuals are more prone to recurrent viremia. METHODS. We conducted a clinical trial using the DAA sofosbuvir plus ribavirin (SOF/RBV) and performed detailed mRNA expression analysis in liver and peripheral blood from patients who achieved either a sustained virologic response (SVR) or relapsed. RESULTS. On-treatment viral clearance was accompanied by rapid downregulation of IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs) in liver and blood, regardless of treatment outcome. Analysis of paired pretreatment and end of treatment (EOT) liver biopsies from SVR patients showed that viral clearance was accompanied by decreased expression of type II and III IFNs, but unexpectedly increased expression of the type I IFN IFNA2. mRNA expression of ISGs was higher in EOT liver biopsies of patients who achieved SVR than in patients who later relapsed. CONCLUSION. These results suggest that restoration of type I intrahepatic IFN signaling by EOT may facilitate HCV eradication and prevention of relapse upon withdrawal of SOF/RBV. TRIAL REGISTRATION. ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01441180.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eric G. Meissner
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA. Division of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland Medical School, Baltimore, Maryland, USA. Institute of Biostatistics and Mathematical Modeling, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany. Genomics Unit, Research Technologies Section, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, NIAID, NIH, Hamilton, Montana, USA. Critical Care Medicine Department, Clinical Center, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA. Gilead Sciences, Foster City, California, USA. Department of Pathology, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA. Laboratory of Translational Genomics, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - David Wu
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA. Division of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland Medical School, Baltimore, Maryland, USA. Institute of Biostatistics and Mathematical Modeling, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany. Genomics Unit, Research Technologies Section, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, NIAID, NIH, Hamilton, Montana, USA. Critical Care Medicine Department, Clinical Center, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA. Gilead Sciences, Foster City, California, USA. Department of Pathology, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA. Laboratory of Translational Genomics, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Anu Osinusi
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA. Division of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland Medical School, Baltimore, Maryland, USA. Institute of Biostatistics and Mathematical Modeling, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany. Genomics Unit, Research Technologies Section, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, NIAID, NIH, Hamilton, Montana, USA. Critical Care Medicine Department, Clinical Center, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA. Gilead Sciences, Foster City, California, USA. Department of Pathology, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA. Laboratory of Translational Genomics, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Dimitra Bon
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA. Division of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland Medical School, Baltimore, Maryland, USA. Institute of Biostatistics and Mathematical Modeling, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany. Genomics Unit, Research Technologies Section, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, NIAID, NIH, Hamilton, Montana, USA. Critical Care Medicine Department, Clinical Center, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA. Gilead Sciences, Foster City, California, USA. Department of Pathology, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA. Laboratory of Translational Genomics, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Kimmo Virtaneva
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA. Division of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland Medical School, Baltimore, Maryland, USA. Institute of Biostatistics and Mathematical Modeling, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany. Genomics Unit, Research Technologies Section, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, NIAID, NIH, Hamilton, Montana, USA. Critical Care Medicine Department, Clinical Center, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA. Gilead Sciences, Foster City, California, USA. Department of Pathology, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA. Laboratory of Translational Genomics, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Dan Sturdevant
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA. Division of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland Medical School, Baltimore, Maryland, USA. Institute of Biostatistics and Mathematical Modeling, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany. Genomics Unit, Research Technologies Section, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, NIAID, NIH, Hamilton, Montana, USA. Critical Care Medicine Department, Clinical Center, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA. Gilead Sciences, Foster City, California, USA. Department of Pathology, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA. Laboratory of Translational Genomics, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Steve Porcella
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA. Division of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland Medical School, Baltimore, Maryland, USA. Institute of Biostatistics and Mathematical Modeling, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany. Genomics Unit, Research Technologies Section, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, NIAID, NIH, Hamilton, Montana, USA. Critical Care Medicine Department, Clinical Center, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA. Gilead Sciences, Foster City, California, USA. Department of Pathology, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA. Laboratory of Translational Genomics, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Honghui Wang
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA. Division of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland Medical School, Baltimore, Maryland, USA. Institute of Biostatistics and Mathematical Modeling, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany. Genomics Unit, Research Technologies Section, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, NIAID, NIH, Hamilton, Montana, USA. Critical Care Medicine Department, Clinical Center, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA. Gilead Sciences, Foster City, California, USA. Department of Pathology, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA. Laboratory of Translational Genomics, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Eva Herrmann
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA. Division of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland Medical School, Baltimore, Maryland, USA. Institute of Biostatistics and Mathematical Modeling, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany. Genomics Unit, Research Technologies Section, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, NIAID, NIH, Hamilton, Montana, USA. Critical Care Medicine Department, Clinical Center, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA. Gilead Sciences, Foster City, California, USA. Department of Pathology, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA. Laboratory of Translational Genomics, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - John McHutchison
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA. Division of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland Medical School, Baltimore, Maryland, USA. Institute of Biostatistics and Mathematical Modeling, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany. Genomics Unit, Research Technologies Section, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, NIAID, NIH, Hamilton, Montana, USA. Critical Care Medicine Department, Clinical Center, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA. Gilead Sciences, Foster City, California, USA. Department of Pathology, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA. Laboratory of Translational Genomics, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Anthony F. Suffredini
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA. Division of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland Medical School, Baltimore, Maryland, USA. Institute of Biostatistics and Mathematical Modeling, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany. Genomics Unit, Research Technologies Section, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, NIAID, NIH, Hamilton, Montana, USA. Critical Care Medicine Department, Clinical Center, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA. Gilead Sciences, Foster City, California, USA. Department of Pathology, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA. Laboratory of Translational Genomics, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Michael Polis
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA. Division of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland Medical School, Baltimore, Maryland, USA. Institute of Biostatistics and Mathematical Modeling, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany. Genomics Unit, Research Technologies Section, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, NIAID, NIH, Hamilton, Montana, USA. Critical Care Medicine Department, Clinical Center, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA. Gilead Sciences, Foster City, California, USA. Department of Pathology, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA. Laboratory of Translational Genomics, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Stephen Hewitt
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA. Division of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland Medical School, Baltimore, Maryland, USA. Institute of Biostatistics and Mathematical Modeling, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany. Genomics Unit, Research Technologies Section, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, NIAID, NIH, Hamilton, Montana, USA. Critical Care Medicine Department, Clinical Center, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA. Gilead Sciences, Foster City, California, USA. Department of Pathology, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA. Laboratory of Translational Genomics, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Ludmila Prokunina-Olsson
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA. Division of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland Medical School, Baltimore, Maryland, USA. Institute of Biostatistics and Mathematical Modeling, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany. Genomics Unit, Research Technologies Section, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, NIAID, NIH, Hamilton, Montana, USA. Critical Care Medicine Department, Clinical Center, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA. Gilead Sciences, Foster City, California, USA. Department of Pathology, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA. Laboratory of Translational Genomics, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Henry Masur
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA. Division of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland Medical School, Baltimore, Maryland, USA. Institute of Biostatistics and Mathematical Modeling, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany. Genomics Unit, Research Technologies Section, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, NIAID, NIH, Hamilton, Montana, USA. Critical Care Medicine Department, Clinical Center, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA. Gilead Sciences, Foster City, California, USA. Department of Pathology, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA. Laboratory of Translational Genomics, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Anthony S. Fauci
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA. Division of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland Medical School, Baltimore, Maryland, USA. Institute of Biostatistics and Mathematical Modeling, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany. Genomics Unit, Research Technologies Section, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, NIAID, NIH, Hamilton, Montana, USA. Critical Care Medicine Department, Clinical Center, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA. Gilead Sciences, Foster City, California, USA. Department of Pathology, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA. Laboratory of Translational Genomics, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Shyamasundaran Kottilil
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA. Division of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland Medical School, Baltimore, Maryland, USA. Institute of Biostatistics and Mathematical Modeling, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany. Genomics Unit, Research Technologies Section, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, NIAID, NIH, Hamilton, Montana, USA. Critical Care Medicine Department, Clinical Center, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA. Gilead Sciences, Foster City, California, USA. Department of Pathology, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA. Laboratory of Translational Genomics, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| |
Collapse
|
246
|
Mei S, Wang H, Fu R, Qu W, Xing L, Wang G, Song J, Liu H, Li L, Wang X, Wu Y, Guan J, Ruan E, Shao Z. Hepcidin and GDF15 in anemia of multiple myeloma. Int J Hematol 2014; 100:266-73. [PMID: 25052873 DOI: 10.1007/s12185-014-1626-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2014] [Revised: 06/30/2014] [Accepted: 06/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a malignant disease of plasma cells and is often accompanied by anemia which may influence its progression and survival. The mechanism of anemia of chronic disease (ACD) in which iron homeostasis is impaired underlies that of MM-related anemia. In this study, we analyzed the role of hepcidin which is the main mediator of ACD and ACD-related cytokines in peripheral blood of MM patients. We showed that HAMP mRNA and growth differentiation factors 15 (GDF15) mRNA expressions in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and plasma hepcidin, GDF15, interleukin-6 and erythropoietin in MM patients all increased significantly as compared to those in controls. In MM patients, the expression of HAMP mRNA showed a positive correlation with serum ferritin level, and a negative correlation with hemoglobin level. The levels of plasma hepcidin and GDF15 were significantly decreased in MM patients who achieved complete remission after six cycles VD (bortezomib + dexamethasone) regimen chemotherapy. These data indicated that overexpression of HAMP mRNA in PBMCs significantly correlated with increased plasma hepcidin level and may be involved in the pathogenesis of MM-related anemia. Furthermore, the levels of plasma hepcidin and GDF15 may be valuable in assessing the progress of MM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuchong Mei
- Department of Hematology, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, 154 Anshandao, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052, People's Republic of China,
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
247
|
Ling L, Zhao P, Yan G, Chen M, Zhang T, Wang L, Jiang Y. The frequency of Th17 and Th22 cells in patients with colorectal cancer at pre-operation and post-operation. Immunol Invest 2014; 44:56-69. [PMID: 25026244 DOI: 10.3109/08820139.2014.936445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
T helper 17 (Th17) and Th22 cells regulate the development of tumors. However, their roles in the development of colorectal cancer (CRC) are still unclear. A total of 49 patients with CRC and 18 healthy controls (HC) were evaluated for the percentages of circulating Th17 and Th22 cells by flow cytometry. The concentrations of serum interleukin-17A (IL-17A), IL-22 and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) were examined. The levels of IL-17A and IL-22 in tumors were determined by real-time PCR. We found that the percentages of Th17 and Th22 cells in the CRC patients were significantly lower than that in the HC and were associated negatively with the pathological stages of CRC. The levels of IL-17A and IL-22 mRNA transcripts were lower in the tumor tissues, particularly in the advanced CRC. After the tumor resection, the percentages of circulating Th17 and Th22 cells increased. These data suggest that decreased Th17 and Th22 responses may be associated with the development of CRC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Limian Ling
- Department of Colorectal & Anal Surgery, the First Hospital, Jilin University , Changchun , China and
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
248
|
Lauseker M, Hanfstein B, Haferlach C, Schnittger S, Pfirrmann M, Fabarius A, Schlegelberger B, Saußele S, Dietz CT, Erben P, Hehlmann R, Hasford J, Hochhaus A, Müller MC. Equivalence of BCR-ABL transcript levels with complete cytogenetic remission in patients with chronic myeloid leukemia in chronic phase. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2014; 140:1965-9. [PMID: 24952896 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-014-1746-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2014] [Accepted: 06/10/2014] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) patients are monitored by both cytogenetic and molecular assessments, although present guidelines appear to switch from cytogenetic to molecular criteria. Due to the increasing use of molecular measurements, it was the aim of this work to identify a BCR-ABL level according to the international scale (BCR-ABL(IS)) as an equivalent substitute for complete cytogenetic remission (CCyR). METHODS In total, 1,329 paired data from 557 patients of the German CML-Study IV were evaluated. The data set was divided into a learning set and a validation set. The best cutoff was determined applying a minimal p value approach to the Fisher test. RESULTS In the learning set, we found BCR-ABL(IS) values between 0.2 and 1.1 % were well suited for predicting a CCyR. In the validation set, the cutoff level of 1 % led to a mean concordance rate of 90.1 %. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that there is no one-to-one cutoff for BCR-ABL(IS) representing CCyR, but we advise to use the 1 % BCR-ABL(IS) in order to avoid misclassification of CCyR patients.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Biomarkers, Tumor/blood
- Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
- Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl/blood
- Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl/genetics
- Gene Expression
- Humans
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/blood
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/pathology
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/therapy
- Molecular Diagnostic Techniques
- RNA, Messenger/blood
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- Remission Induction
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Lauseker
- Institut für Medizinische Informationsverarbeitung, Biometrie und Epidemiologie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
249
|
Wang W, Li Y, Zhang X, Jing J, Zhao X, Wang Y, Han C. Evaluating the significance of expression of CEA mRNA and levels of CEA and its related proteins in colorectal cancer patients. J Surg Oncol 2014; 109:440-4. [PMID: 24783267 DOI: 10.1002/jso.23503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the clinical significance of expression of CEA mRNA and serum CEA and the related proteins in colorectal cancer (CRC). METHODS Blood samples were collected from 370 CRC patients and 350 controls. CEA mRNA was determined by RT-PCR and levels of CEA, CA19-9, CA242, and CA724 were examined with chemiluminescence. RESULTS The positive rate of jointly detecting serum CEA, CA19-9, CA242, and CA724 was significantly higher than CEA mRNA expressions (P < 0.01), both positive rates were significantly correlated with TNM stage, lymph node, and visceral metastasis. The positive rate of jointly detecting in patients with poorly differentiated tumor was significantly higher than that in patients with highly differentiated tumor (P < 0.01). By contrast, CEA mRNA expression was not related with histopathologic grading. Postoperative follow-up found that all patients with high levels of CEA mRNA and serum CEA and the related proteins had liver, lung, pelvis, or other distant metastases. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that high expressions of CEA mRNA and high levels of serum CEA and the related proteins are associated with the incidence and advanced of CRC. In addition, joint detection of serum CEA and the related proteins is more sensitivity than examination of serum CEA mRNA.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Adenocarcinoma/blood
- Adenocarcinoma/chemistry
- Adult
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Antigens, Tumor-Associated, Carbohydrate/analysis
- Antigens, Tumor-Associated, Carbohydrate/blood
- Antigens, Tumor-Associated, Carbohydrate/genetics
- Biomarkers, Tumor/analysis
- Biomarkers, Tumor/blood
- Carcinoembryonic Antigen/analysis
- Carcinoembryonic Antigen/blood
- Carcinoembryonic Antigen/genetics
- Carcinoma, Signet Ring Cell/blood
- Carcinoma, Signet Ring Cell/chemistry
- Colorectal Neoplasms/blood
- Colorectal Neoplasms/chemistry
- Colorectal Neoplasms/pathology
- Female
- Follow-Up Studies
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Humans
- Lymphatic Metastasis
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Neoplasm Staging
- Predictive Value of Tests
- RNA, Messenger/analysis
- RNA, Messenger/blood
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Sensitivity and Specificity
Collapse
|
250
|
Al Joudi FS. Human mammaglobin in breast cancer: a brief review of its clinical utility. Indian J Med Res 2014; 139:675-85. [PMID: 25027076 PMCID: PMC4140031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Human mammaglobin is a member of the uteroglobin proteins family that has recently been tested as a specific marker for breast cancer. While low levels may be seen in normal breast tissue, expression is increased dramatically in breast cancer and is correlated with higher grade. Detection in blood and body fluids is also correlated with cancer metastasis, and its levels with prognosis. This promises to be a useful screen for early detection of breast cancer, especially in high risk individuals. Mammoglobin has also been used for immunotherapeutic targeting of breast cancer cells. However, there are some controversies regarding its diagnostic efficacy and prognostic value, which warrant further study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fawwaz Shakir Al Joudi
- Royal College of Medicine Perak, University of Kuala Lumpur, Perak Darul Ridzuan, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|