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Singh N, Srivastava S, Sharma A. Identification and analysis of miRNAs and their targets in ginger using bioinformatics approach. Gene 2016; 575:570-576. [PMID: 26392033 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2015.09.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2015] [Revised: 07/20/2015] [Accepted: 09/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a large family of endogenous small RNAs derived from the non-protein coding genes. miRNA regulates the gene expression at the post-transcriptional level and plays an important role in plant development. Zingiber officinale is an important medicinal plant having numerous therapeutic properties. Its bioactive compound gingerol and essential oil posses important pharmacological and physiological activities. In this study, we used a homology search based computational approach for identifying miRNAs in Z. officinale. A total of 16 potential miRNA families (miR167, miR407, miR414, miR5015, miR5021, miR5644, miR5645, miR5656, miR5658, miR5664, miR827, miR838, miR847, miR854, miR862 and miR864) were predicted in ginger. Phylogenetic and conserved analyses were performed for predicted miRNAs. Thirteen miRNA families were found to regulate 300 target transcripts and play an important role in cell signaling, reproduction, metabolic process and stress. To understand the miRNA mediated gene regulatory control and to validate miRNA target predictions, a biological network was also constructed. Gene ontology and pathway analyses were also done. miR5015 was observed to regulate the biosynthesis of gingerol by inhibiting phenyl ammonia lyase (PAL), a precursor enzyme in the biosynthesis of gingerol. Our results revealed that most of the predicted miRNAs were involved in the regulation of rhizome development. miR5021, miR854 and miR838 were identified to regulate the rhizome development and the essential oil biosynthesis in ginger.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noopur Singh
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, P.O. CIMAP, Lucknow, 226015 UP, India
| | - Swati Srivastava
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, P.O. CIMAP, Lucknow, 226015 UP, India
| | - Ashok Sharma
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, P.O. CIMAP, Lucknow, 226015 UP, India.
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302
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Brahma Naidu P, Uddandrao VVS, Ravindar Naik R, Suresh P, Meriga B, Begum MS, Pandiyan R, Saravanan G. Ameliorative potential of gingerol: Promising modulation of inflammatory factors and lipid marker enzymes expressions in HFD induced obesity in rats. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2016; 419:139-47. [PMID: 26493465 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2015.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2015] [Revised: 10/10/2015] [Accepted: 10/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Obesity, generally linked to hyperlipidemia, has been occurring of late with distressing alarm and has now become a global phenomenon casting a huge economic burden on the health care system of countries around the world. The present study investigated the effects of gingerol over 30 days on the changes in HFD-induced obese rats in marker enzymes of lipid metabolism such as fatty-acid synthase (FAS), Acetyl CoA Carboxylase (ACC), Carnitine Palmitoyl Transferase-1(CPT-1), HMG co-A Reductase (HMGR), Lecithin Choline Acyl Transferase (LCAT) and Lipoprotein Lipase (LPL) and inflammatory markers (TNF-α and IL-6). The rats were treated orally with gingerol (75 mg kg(-1)) once daily for 30 days with a lorcaserin-treated group (10 mg kg(-1)) included for comparison. Changes in body weight, glucose, insulin resistance and expressions of lipid marker enzymes and inflammatory markers in tissues were observed in experimental rats. The administration of gingerol resulted in a significant reduction in body weight gain, glucose and insulin levels, and insulin resistance, which altered the activity, expressions of lipid marker enzymes and inflammatory markers. It showed that gingerol had significantly altered these parameters when compared with HFD control rats. This study confirms that gingerol prevents HFD-induced hyperlipidemia by modulating the expression of enzymes important to cholesterol metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parim Brahma Naidu
- Department of Biochemistry, Animal Physiology & Biochemistry Lab, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati, 517502, India
| | - V V Sathibabu Uddandrao
- Department of Biochemistry, Centre for Biological Sciences, K.S. Rangasamy College of Arts and Science, Thokkavadi, Tiruchengode, 637215, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ramavat Ravindar Naik
- National Centre for Laboratory Animal Sciences, National Institute of Nutrition (ICMR-New Delhi), Hydrabad, Andhrapradesh, India
| | - Pothani Suresh
- National Centre for Laboratory Animal Sciences, National Institute of Nutrition (ICMR-New Delhi), Hydrabad, Andhrapradesh, India
| | - Balaji Meriga
- Department of Biochemistry, Animal Physiology & Biochemistry Lab, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati, 517502, India
| | - Mustapha Shabana Begum
- Department of Biochemistry, Muthayammal College of Arts and Science, Rasipuram, Tamil Nadu, 637408, India
| | - Rajesh Pandiyan
- Department of Biochemistry, Centre for Biological Sciences, K.S. Rangasamy College of Arts and Science, Thokkavadi, Tiruchengode, 637215, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ganapathy Saravanan
- Department of Biochemistry, Centre for Biological Sciences, K.S. Rangasamy College of Arts and Science, Thokkavadi, Tiruchengode, 637215, Tamil Nadu, India.
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303
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Kawamoto Y, Ueno Y, Nakahashi E, Obayashi M, Sugihara K, Qiao S, Iida M, Kumasaka MY, Yajima I, Goto Y, Ohgami N, Kato M, Takeda K. Prevention of allergic rhinitis by ginger and the molecular basis of immunosuppression by 6-gingerol through T cell inactivation. J Nutr Biochem 2016; 27:112-22. [PMID: 26403321 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2015.08.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2015] [Revised: 08/20/2015] [Accepted: 08/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The incidence of allergies has recently been increasing worldwide. Immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated hypersensitivity is central to the pathogenesis of asthma, hay fever and other allergic diseases. Ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) and its extracts have been valued for their medical properties including antinausea, antiinflammation, antipyresis and analgesia properties. In this study, we investigated the antiallergic effects of ginger and 6-gingerol, a major compound of ginger, using a mouse allergy model and primary/cell line culture system. In mice with ovalbumin (OVA)-induced allergic rhinitis, oral administration of 2% ginger diet reduced the severity of sneezing and nasal rubbing by nasal sensitization of OVA and suppressed infiltration of mast cells in nasal mucosa and secretion of OVA-specific IgE in serum. 6-Gingerol inhibited the expression of not only Th2 cytokines but also Th1 cytokines in OVA-sensitized spleen cells. Accordingly, 6-gingerol suppressed in vitro differentiation of both Th1 cells and Th2 cells from naïve T cells. In addition, 6-gingerol suppressed both superantigen staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB)- and anti-CD3-induced T cell proliferation. 6-Gingerol also abrogated PMA plus ionomycin- and SEB-induced IL-2 production in T cells, suggesting that 6-gingerol affected T cell receptor-mediated signal transduction rather than the antigen-presentation process. Indeed, 6-gingerol inhibited the phosphorylation of MAP kinases, calcium release and nuclear localization of c-fos and NF-κB by PMA and ionomycin stimulation. Thus, our results demonstrate that 6-gingerol suppresses cytokine production for T cell activation and proliferation, thereby not causing B cell and mast cell activation and resulting in prevention or alleviation of allergic rhinitis symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiyuki Kawamoto
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Chubu University, Kasugai, Aichi, Japan.
| | - Yuki Ueno
- Department of Health and Nutrition, Faculty of Psychological and Physical Science, Aichi Gakuin University, Nisshin, Aichi, Japan
| | - Emiko Nakahashi
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Chubu University, Kasugai, Aichi, Japan
| | - Momoko Obayashi
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Chubu University, Kasugai, Aichi, Japan
| | - Kento Sugihara
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Chubu University, Kasugai, Aichi, Japan
| | - Shanlou Qiao
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Chubu University, Kasugai, Aichi, Japan
| | - Machiko Iida
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Mayuko Y Kumasaka
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Ichiro Yajima
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yuji Goto
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Toho University, Funabashi, Chiba, Japan
| | - Nobutaka Ohgami
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Masashi Kato
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kozue Takeda
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Chubu University, Kasugai, Aichi, Japan
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304
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Nirmal Babu K, Samsudeen K, Divakaran M, Pillai GS, Sumathi V, Praveen K, Ravindran PN, Peter KV. Protocols for In Vitro Propagation, Conservation, Synthetic Seed Production, Embryo Rescue, Microrhizome Production, Molecular Profiling, and Genetic Transformation in Ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe.). Methods Mol Biol 2016; 1391:403-26. [PMID: 27108333 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-3332-7_28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Ginger is a rhizomatous plant that belongs to the family Zingiberaceae. It is a herbaceous perennial but cultivated as annual, with crop duration of 7-10 months. Ginger is native to India and Tropical South Asia. The tuberous rhizomes or underground stems of ginger are used as condiment, an aromatic stimulant, and food preservative as well as in traditional medicine. Ginger is propagated vegetatively with rhizome bits as seed material. Cultivation of ginger is plagued by rhizome rot diseases, most of which are mainly spread through infected seed rhizomes. Micropropagation will help in production of disease-free planting material. Sexual reproduction is absent in ginger, making recombinant breeding very impossible. In vitro technology can thus become the preferred choice as it can be utilized for multiplication, conservation of genetic resources, generating variability, gene transfer, molecular tagging, and their utility in crop improvement of these crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Nirmal Babu
- All India Coordinated Research Project on Spices, Indian Institute of Spices Research, Kozhikode, 673 012, Kerala, India.
| | - K Samsudeen
- Central Plantation Crops Research Institute, Kasaragod, 671124, Kerala, India
| | | | - Geetha S Pillai
- Centre for Medicinal Plants Research, Arya Vaidya Sala, Kottakkal, Kerala, India
| | - V Sumathi
- All India Coordinated Research Project on Spices, Indian Institute of Spices Research, Kozhikode, 673 012, Kerala, India
| | - K Praveen
- All India Coordinated Research Project on Spices, Indian Institute of Spices Research, Kozhikode, 673 012, Kerala, India
| | - P N Ravindran
- All India Coordinated Research Project on Spices, Indian Institute of Spices Research, Kozhikode, 673 012, Kerala, India
| | - K V Peter
- World Noni Research Foundation, Chennai, 600 020, India
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305
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Abstract
Background: Nausea and vomiting are the most common complicated issues in pregnancy period, but they have not been paid much attention. Herb based formulations can be effectively used for the treatment nausea and vomiting observed during pregnancy. Aim: To investigate the effect of ginger in nausea and vomiting during pregnancy in comparison with vitamin B6 and placebo. Materials and Methods: This is a randomized and double-blind clinical trial. The women who had nausea and vomiting and did not take any medications were included in this study. 120 women were selected by simple random sampling method, and divided into three groups and were given vitamin B6, placebo, and ginger, respectively. 97 women completed the treatment. They were given treatment for 4 days and were followed after a week. The instrument used in this study was a questionnaire, including demographic characteristic and determining severity nausea and vomiting based on the analog visual scale. Data were analyzed with SPSS software and t-test and Kruskal-Wallis test. Results: There was significant difference between groups in severity of nausea and frequency of vomiting (P < 0.001). Conclusion: Ginger was effective in treating nausea and vomiting in pregnancy, but its use needs further studies to determine the proper dosage and the confirmation about the safety of this drug for a pregnant mother and her fetus.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maryam Nikpour
- Department of Nursing-Midwifery, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Bita Jamali
- Department of Nursing-Midwifery, Islamic Azad University, Babol, Iran
| | - Shabnam Omidvar
- Department of Nursing-Midwifery, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
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306
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Wahlqvist ML, Lee MS, Lee JT, Hsu CC, Chou YC, Fang WH, Liu HY, Xiu L, Andrews ZB. Cinnamon users with prediabetes have a better fasting working memory: a cross-sectional function study. Nutr Res 2015; 36:305-310. [PMID: 27001275 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2015.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2015] [Revised: 12/01/2015] [Accepted: 12/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Working memory (WM) is impaired in prediabetes. We hypothesized that culinary herbs and spices may decrease insulin resistance (IR) and improve WM in prediabetes. Healthy people aged ≥60 years with prediabetes (fasting blood glucose 100-125 mg/dL) (47 men and 46 women) whose food and culinary herb intakes were established with a food frequency questionnaire had body composition assessed and fasting glucose and insulin measured. Working memory and Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) were assessed on the same occasion. The contributions to associations between WM and diet, body fat, and IR were estimated by linear regression. Compared with nonusers, cinnamon users had significantly less frequent physical activity (2.9 vs. 4.4 times per week) and more often used fresh ginger (93.3% vs. 64.1%) and ginger in cooking (60.0% vs. 32.1%). Cinnamon users also had a better WM (2.9 vs. 2.5, P < .001). Cinnamon had a significant effect (users were 0.446 higher), but not ginger or curry usage, in predicting WM. For sociodemographic variables, only education (years) was significant in predicting WM (β = 0.065). Other significant determinants of WM were total fat mass (kilograms) (β = -0.024) and MMSE (β = 0.075). After adjustment for age and sex, cinnamon use, education, and MMSE remained significant individual predictors. In the final model, in which all variables listed were adjusted simultaneously, cinnamon users still had a significantly higher WM than nonusers. Cinnamon usage is associated with a better WM, not accounted for by dietary quality or IR, in untreated prediabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark L Wahlqvist
- School of Public Health, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC; Institute of Population Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan, ROC; Monash Asia Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Fuli institute of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Meei-Shyuan Lee
- School of Public Health, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Jiunn-Tay Lee
- Department of Neurology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chih-Cheng Hsu
- Institute of Population Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yu-Ching Chou
- School of Public Health, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Wen-Hui Fang
- Department of Family Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, ROC
| | - Hsiao-Yu Liu
- School of Public Health, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC; Institute of Population Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Lili Xiu
- Institute of Population Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Zane B Andrews
- Department of Physiology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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307
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Daily JW, Zhang X, Kim DS, Park S. Efficacy of Ginger for Alleviating the Symptoms of Primary Dysmenorrhea: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials. Pain Med 2015; 16:2243-55. [PMID: 26177393 DOI: 10.1111/pme.12853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE There has been no attempt to date to synthesize the available evidence for the efficacy of ginger for treating primary dysmenorrhea. This systematic review evaluates the current evidence for the effectiveness of ginger for treating primary dysmenorrhea. METHODS Literature searches were conducted using 12 electronic databases including PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Korean databases, Chinese medical databases, and Indian scientific database. Search terms used were: "ginger" or "Zingiber officinale" and "dysmenorrhea" and "pain." Studies using ginger as a treatment of primary dysmenorrhea were considered for inclusion. The major outcome of primary dysmenorrhea was assessed using a pain visual analogue score (PVAS). RESULTS Initial searches yielded 29 articles. Of these original results, seven met specific selection criteria. Four of the RCTs compared the therapeutic efficacy of ginger with a placebo during the first 3-4 days of the menstrual cycle and were included in the meta analysis. The meta-analysis of these data showed a significant effect of ginger in reducing PVAS in subjects having primary dysmenorrhea (risk ratio, -1.85; 95% CI of -2.87, -0.84, P = 0.0003). Six RCTs out of 7 exhibited low to moderate of risk of bias. CONCLUSION Collectively these RCTs provide suggestive evidence for the effectiveness of 750-2000 mg ginger powder during the first 3-4 days of menstrual cycle for primary dysmenorrhea.
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Affiliation(s)
- James W Daily
- Dept. of R&D, Daily Manufacturing Inc., Rockwell, North Carolina, USA
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Obesity/Diabetes Research Center, Hoseo University, Asan, South Korea
| | - Da Sol Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Obesity/Diabetes Research Center, Hoseo University, Asan, South Korea
| | - Sunmin Park
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Obesity/Diabetes Research Center, Hoseo University, Asan, South Korea
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308
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Trabace L, Tucci P, Ciuffreda L, Matteo M, Fortunato F, Campolongo P, Trezza V, Cuomo V. "Natural" relief of pregnancy-related symptoms and neonatal outcomes: above all do no harm. J Ethnopharmacol 2015; 174:396-402. [PMID: 26325431 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2015.08.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2015] [Revised: 08/14/2015] [Accepted: 08/27/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE In the South of Italy the use of herbal remedies to alleviate pregnancy-related symptoms is very common. OBJECTIVES To investigate the proportion, prevalence of use, attitude and knowledge base in a sample of Italian pregnant women in the South of Italy. To explore the possible influence and risks of herbal consumption on pregnancy and neonatal outcomes. METHODS A retrospective observational study was conducted during the study period November 2010-September 2013. Six hundred and thirty expectant mothers were interviewed within three days after childbirth in a public Hospital in the South of Italy. RESULTS Due to a lack of data, a total of six hundred interviews were considered. Four hundred and eighty six women (81%) reported to have constantly used at least one herbal product throughout the pregnancy period. The study enrolled mostly women between 31 and 40 years of age, with a middle-high level of education, married and employed. The most commonly used herbal products, taken by oral route and for the entire period of pregnancy, were chamomile, fennel, propolis, cranberry, lemon balm, ginger, valerian and mallow. The most relevant source of information for the majority of participants was the doctor (95%), and most of the women (72%) informed their doctors about their use of herbal remedies. CONCLUSIONS The regular chamomile consumption resulted in a higher risk of pre-term delivery, lower birth weight and lower length of the newborn. Also a regular use of fennel resulted in a shorter gestational age. Finally, ginger intake resulted in a shorter gestational age and in a smaller circumference of the newborn's skull.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigia Trabace
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia 71100, Italy.
| | - Paolo Tucci
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia 71100, Italy
| | - Lucia Ciuffreda
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia 71100, Italy
| | - Maria Matteo
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia 71100, Italy
| | - Francesca Fortunato
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia 71100, Italy
| | - Patrizia Campolongo
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza, University of Rome, Rome 00185, Italy
| | - Viviana Trezza
- Department of Science, Section of Biomedical Sciences and Technologies, University 'Roma Tre', Rome 00146, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Cuomo
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza, University of Rome, Rome 00185, Italy
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309
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Abstract
Ginger is a commonly used spice and herbal medicine worldwide. Besides its extensive use as a condiment, ginger has been used in traditional Chinese medicine for the management of various medical conditions. In recent years, ginger has received wide attention due to its observed antiemetic and anticancer activities. This paper reviews the potential role of ginger and its active constituents in cancer chemoprevention. The phytochemistry, bioactivity, and molecular targets of ginger constituents, especially 6-shogaol, are discussed. The content of 6-shogaol is very low in fresh ginger, but significantly higher after steaming. With reported anti-cancer activities, 6-shogaol can be served as a lead compound for new drug discovery. The lead compound derivative synthesis, bioactivity evaluation, and computational docking provide a promising opportunity to identify novel anticancer compounds originating from ginger.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong-Zhi Wang
- * Tang Center for Herbal Medicine Research and Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, Pritzker School of Medicine, USA
| | - Lian-Wen Qi
- * Tang Center for Herbal Medicine Research and Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, Pritzker School of Medicine, USA
- ‡ State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, JS 210009, China
| | - Chun-Su Yuan
- * Tang Center for Herbal Medicine Research and Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, Pritzker School of Medicine, USA
- † Committee on Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenomics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
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310
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Akinyemi AJ, Adedara IA, Thome GR, Morsch VM, Rovani MT, Mujica LKS, Duarte T, Duarte M, Oboh G, Schetinger MRC. Dietary supplementation of ginger and turmeric improves reproductive function in hypertensive male rats. Toxicol Rep 2015; 2:1357-1366. [PMID: 28962478 PMCID: PMC5598100 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2015.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2015] [Revised: 09/27/2015] [Accepted: 10/03/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Ginger [Zingiber officinale Roscoe (Zingiberaceae)] and turmeric [Curcuma longa Linn (Zingiberaceae)] rhizomes have been reportedly used in folk medicine for the treatment of hypertension. However, the prevention of its complication such as male infertility remains unexplored. Hence, the aim of the present study was to investigate the preventive effects of ginger and turmeric rhizomes on some biomarkers of male reproductive function in L-NAME-induced hypertensive rats. Male Wistar rats were divided into seven groups (n = 10): normotensive control rats; induced (L-NAME hypertensive) rats; hypertensive rats treated with atenolol (10 mg/kg/day); normotensive and hypertensive rats treated with 4% supplementation of turmeric or ginger, respectively. After 14 days of pre-treatment, the animals were induced with hypertension by oral administration of L-NAME (40 mg/kg/day). The results revealed significant decrease in serum total testosterone and epididymal sperm progressive motility without affecting sperm viability in hypertensive rats. Moreover, increased oxidative stress in the testes and epididymides of hypertensive rats was evidenced by significant decrease in total and non-protein thiol levels, glutathione S-transferase (GST) activity with concomitant increase in 2′,7′-dichlorofluorescein (DFCH) oxidation and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) production. Similarly, decreased testicular and epididymal NO level with concomitant elevation in arginase activity was observed in hypertensive rats. However, dietary supplementation with turmeric or ginger efficiently prevented these alterations in biomarkers of reproductive function in hypertensive rats. The inhibition of arginase activity and increase in NO and testosterone levels by both rhizomes could suggest possible mechanism of action for the prevention of male infertility in hypertension. Therefore, both rhizomes could be harnessed as functional foods to prevent hypertension-mediated male reproductive dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayodele Jacob Akinyemi
- Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Technology Akure, Private Mail Bag 704, Akure 340001, Nigeria.,Department of Biochemistry, Afe Babalola University Ado-Ekiti, Private Mail Bag 5454, Nigeria.,Programa de Pós Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica Toxicológica, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas (CCNE), Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Campus Universitário, Camobi, CEP 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Isaac A Adedara
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, CCNE, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, CEP 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.,Drug Metabolism and Toxicology Research Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Gustavo Roberto Thome
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica Toxicológica, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas (CCNE), Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Campus Universitário, Camobi, CEP 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Vera Maria Morsch
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica Toxicológica, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas (CCNE), Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Campus Universitário, Camobi, CEP 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Monique Tomazele Rovani
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia e Reprodução Animal-BioRep, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, CEP 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Lady Katerine Serrano Mujica
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia e Reprodução Animal-BioRep, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, CEP 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Thiago Duarte
- Centro de Ciências da Saude, Universidade Luterana do Brazil (ULBRA), Campus Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Marta Duarte
- Centro de Ciências da Saude, Universidade Luterana do Brazil (ULBRA), Campus Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Ganiyu Oboh
- Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Technology Akure, Private Mail Bag 704, Akure 340001, Nigeria
| | - Maria Rosa Chitolina Schetinger
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica Toxicológica, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas (CCNE), Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Campus Universitário, Camobi, CEP 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
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311
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Misawa K, Hashizume K, Yamamoto M, Minegishi Y, Hase T, Shimotoyodome A. Ginger extract prevents high-fat diet-induced obesity in mice via activation of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor δ pathway. J Nutr Biochem 2015; 26:1058-67. [PMID: 26101135 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2015.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2014] [Revised: 04/10/2015] [Accepted: 04/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The initiation of obesity entails an imbalance wherein energy intake exceeds expenditure. Obesity is increasing in prevalence and is now a worldwide health problem. Food-derived peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor δ (PPARδ) stimulators represent potential treatment options for obesity. Ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) was previously shown to regulate the PPARγ signaling pathway in adipocytes. In this study, we investigated the antiobesity effects of ginger in vivo and the mechanism of action in vitro. Energy expenditure was increased, and diet-induced obesity was attenuated in C57BL/6J mice treated with dietary ginger extract (GE). GE also increased the number of Type I muscle fibers, improved running endurance capacity and upregulated PPARδ-targeted gene expression in skeletal muscle and the liver. 6-Shogaol and 6-gingerol acted as specific PPARδ ligands and stimulated PPARδ-dependent gene expression in cultured human skeletal muscle myotubes. An analysis of cellular respiration revealed that pretreating cultured skeletal muscle myotubes with GE increased palmitate-induced oxygen consumption rate, which suggested an increase in cellular fatty acid catabolism. These results demonstrated that sustained activation of the PPARδ pathway with GE attenuated diet-induced obesity and improved exercise endurance capacity by increasing skeletal muscle fat catabolism. 6-Shogaol and 6-gingerol may be responsible for the regulatory effects of dietary ginger on PPARδ signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koichi Misawa
- Biological Science Laboratories, Kao Corporation, 2606 Akabane, Ichikai-machi, Haga-gun, Tochigi 321-3497, Japan.
| | - Kojiro Hashizume
- Biological Science Laboratories, Kao Corporation, 2606 Akabane, Ichikai-machi, Haga-gun, Tochigi 321-3497, Japan.
| | - Masaki Yamamoto
- Biological Science Laboratories, Kao Corporation, 2606 Akabane, Ichikai-machi, Haga-gun, Tochigi 321-3497, Japan.
| | - Yoshihiko Minegishi
- Biological Science Laboratories, Kao Corporation, 2606 Akabane, Ichikai-machi, Haga-gun, Tochigi 321-3497, Japan.
| | - Tadashi Hase
- Biological Science Laboratories, Kao Corporation, 2606 Akabane, Ichikai-machi, Haga-gun, Tochigi 321-3497, Japan.
| | - Akira Shimotoyodome
- Biological Science Laboratories, Kao Corporation, 2606 Akabane, Ichikai-machi, Haga-gun, Tochigi 321-3497, Japan.
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312
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Hoseinzadeh K, Daryanoosh F, Baghdasar PJ, Alizadeh H. Acute effects of ginger extract on biochemical and functional symptoms of delayed onset muscle soreness. Med J Islam Repub Iran 2015; 29:261. [PMID: 26793652 PMCID: PMC4715415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2014] [Accepted: 06/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammation and pain induced by delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS) as a result of eccentric exercise (EE) or unaccustomed activity cause some difficulties in exercise for athletes. The purpose of this study was to survey the effect of ginger extract on biochemical and functional symptom of delayed onset muscle soreness. METHODS In a quasi-experimental study, 36 healthy female subjects, who were recruited by intra dormitory calls, randomly divided into 3 groups, including: ginger intake 1 hour before exercise (GIBE), ginger intake immediately after exercise (GIAE) and placebo group (PL). Subjects consumed capsules contain 60 mg of ginger extract (equivalent of 2 g dried ginger powder) or placebo before and after exercise. The exercise protocol consisted of a 20 minute step test using a 46cm step at a rate of 15 steps per minute. The blood samples were taken before, 1, 24 and 48 hour after exercise to assay creatine kinase (CK) and interleukin-6 (IL-6). Muscle pain scores, isometric strength and circumference of thigh muscle, and hip range of motion were recorded at mentioned times. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) with repeated measure was used to determine the differences between groups. RESULTS The results showed a significant reduction of pain in GIBE compared to GIAE after 24 and 48h of EE and GIAE compared to PL (p<0.05). IL-6 changed significantly in GIBE compared to PL (p<0.05) after 1, 24, and 48h after EE. The other factors didn't change meaningfully. CONCLUSION The finding of this study suggests that 2 grams of ginger may have anti-inflammation and analgesic effect on DOMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khadijeh Hoseinzadeh
- 1 MSc, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran. ,(Corresponding author) MSc, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran.
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313
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Deng X, Yu J, Zhao M, Zhao B, Xue X, Che C, Meng J, Wang S. Quality assessment of crude and processed ginger by high-performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection and mass spectrometry combined with chemometrics. J Sep Sci 2015; 38:2945-52. [PMID: 26174663 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201500294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2015] [Revised: 05/08/2015] [Accepted: 06/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
A sensitive, simple, and validated high-performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection and mass spectrometry detection method was developed for three ginger-based traditional Chinese herbal drugs, Zingiberis Rhizoma, Zingiberis Rhizome Preparatum, and Zingiberis Rhizome Carbonisata. Chemometrics methods, such as principal component analysis, hierarchical cluster analysis, and analysis of variance, were also employed in the data analysis. The results clearly revealed significant differences among Zingiberis Rhizoma, Zingiberis Rhizome Preparatum, and Zingiberis Rhizome Carbonisata, indicating variations in their chemical compositions during the processing, which may elucidate the relationship of the thermal treatment with the change of the constituents and interpret their different clinical uses. Furthermore, the sample consistency of Zingiberis Rhizoma, Zingiberis Rhizome Preparatum, and Zingiberis Rhizome Carbonisata can also be visualized by high-performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection and mass spectrometry analysis followed by principal component analysis/hierarchical cluster analysis. The comprehensive strategy of liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry analysis coupled with chemometrics should be useful in quality assurance for ginger-based herbal drugs and other herbal medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianmei Deng
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiangyong Yu
- Division of Traditional Chinese Medicines Standard, Chinese Pharmacopoeia Commission, Beijing, China
| | - Ming Zhao
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, and WHO Collaborating Center for Traditional Medicine, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Bin Zhao
- Zhongshan Torch Polytechnic, Zhongshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Xingyang Xue
- Guangzhou Medical University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - ChunTao Che
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, and WHO Collaborating Center for Traditional Medicine, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jiang Meng
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, and WHO Collaborating Center for Traditional Medicine, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Shumei Wang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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314
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Semwal RB, Semwal DK, Combrinck S, Viljoen AM. Gingerols and shogaols: Important nutraceutical principles from ginger. Phytochemistry 2015; 117:554-568. [PMID: 26228533 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2015.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 254] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2015] [Revised: 05/17/2015] [Accepted: 07/15/2015] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Gingerols are the major pungent compounds present in the rhizomes of ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) and are renowned for their contribution to human health and nutrition. Medicinal properties of ginger, including the alleviation of nausea, arthritis and pain, have been associated with the gingerols. Gingerol analogues are thermally labile and easily undergo dehydration reactions to form the corresponding shogaols, which impart the characteristic pungent taste to dried ginger. Both gingerols and shogaols exhibit a host of biological activities, ranging from anticancer, anti-oxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory and anti-allergic to various central nervous system activities. Shogaols are important biomarkers used for the quality control of many ginger-containing products, due to their diverse biological activities. In this review, a large body of available knowledge on the biosynthesis, chemical synthesis and pharmacological activities, as well as on the structure-activity relationships of various gingerols and shogaols, have been collated, coherently summarised and discussed. The manuscript highlights convincing evidence indicating that these phenolic compounds could serve as important lead molecules for the development of therapeutic agents to treat various life-threatening human diseases, particularly cancer. Inclusion of ginger or ginger extracts in nutraceutical formulations could provide valuable protection against diabetes, cardiac and hepatic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruchi Badoni Semwal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X680, Pretoria 0001, South Africa
| | - Deepak Kumar Semwal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X680, Pretoria 0001, South Africa
| | - Sandra Combrinck
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X680, Pretoria 0001, South Africa; SAMRC Herbal Drugs Research Unit, Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X680, Pretoria 0001, South Africa
| | - Alvaro M Viljoen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X680, Pretoria 0001, South Africa; SAMRC Herbal Drugs Research Unit, Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X680, Pretoria 0001, South Africa; Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.
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315
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Hosseini FS, Adib-Hajbaghery M. Ginger Essence Effect on Nausea and Vomiting After Open and Laparoscopic Nephrectomies. Nurs Midwifery Stud 2015; 4:e28625. [PMID: 26339671 PMCID: PMC4557412 DOI: 10.17795/nmsjournal28625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2015] [Revised: 04/04/2015] [Accepted: 04/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Some studies reported that ginger was effective in prevention or treatment of post-surgical nausea and vomiting; however, there are controversies. In addition, no study compared the effects of ginger on nausea and vomiting after open and laparoscopic nephrectomies. Objectives: The current study aimed to compare the effect of ginger essence on nausea and vomiting after open versus laparoscopic nephrectomies. Patients and Methods: A randomized, placebo trial was conducted on two groups of patients, 50 open and 50 laparoscopic nephrectomy. Half of the subjects in each group received ginger essence and the other half received placebo. Using a visual analogue scale the severity of nausea was assessed every 15 minutes for the first two post-operative hours and the sixth hour. Frequency of vomiting was counted until the sixth hour. The placebo subgroups were treated similarly. Descriptive statistics were employed. Chi-square and Fisher’s exact tests, paired and independent samples t-test and repeated measure analysis of variance were used to analyze the data. Results: Repeated measure analysis of variance showed that the type of surgery and the type of intervention as factors had significant effects on the nausea severity scores in the nine successive measurements (P < 0.001). In the first two post-operative hours, the mean vomiting episodes was 2.92 ± 0.70 in the subjects who underwent open surgery and received placebo while it was 0.16 ± 0.37 in patients with the same surgery but receiving ginger essence (P = 0.001). The mean vomiting episodes was 6.0 ± 1.33 in the subjects who underwent laparoscopic surgery and received placebo while it was 1.39 ± 0.78 in patients with the same surgery but receiving ginger essence (P = 0.001). Conclusions: Using ginger essence was effective in reducing nausea and vomiting not only in the subjects who underwent open nephrectomy but also in the subjects of laparoscopic nephrectomy. Using ginger essence is suggested as a complementary remedy to prevent and treat post-operative nausea and vomiting in patients with nephrectomy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mohsen Adib-Hajbaghery
- Trauma Nursing Research Center, Faculty of Nursing, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, IR Iran
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316
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Lua PL, Salihah N, Mazlan N. Effects of inhaled ginger aromatherapy on chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting and health-related quality of life in women with breast cancer. Complement Ther Med 2015; 23:396-404. [PMID: 26051575 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctim.2015.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2014] [Revised: 12/31/2014] [Accepted: 03/27/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the efficacy of inhaled ginger aromatherapy on nausea, vomiting and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in chemotherapy breast cancer patients. DESIGN Single-blind, controlled, randomized cross-over study. Patients received 5-day aromatherapy treatment using either ginger essential oil or fragrance-matched artificial placebo (ginger fragrance oil) which was instilled in a necklace in an order dictated by the treatment group sequence. SETTING Two oncology clinics in the East Coast of Peninsular Malaysia. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES VAS nausea score, frequency of vomiting and HRQoL profile (EORTC QLQ-C30 scores). RESULTS Sixty female patients completed the study (age=47.3±9.26 years; Malay=98.3%; on highly emetogenic chemotherapy=86.7%). The VAS nausea score was significantly lower after ginger essential oil inhalation compared to placebo during acute phase (P=0.040) but not sustained for overall treatment effect (treatment effect: F=1.82, P=0.183; time effect: F=43.98, P<0.001; treatment×time effect: F=2.04; P=0.102). Similarly, there was no significant effect of aromatherapy on vomiting [F(1, 58)=0.29, P=0.594]. However, a statistically significant change from baseline for global health status (P<0.001) was detected after ginger essential oil inhalation. A clinically relevant 10 points improvement on role functioning (P=0.002) and appetite loss (P<0.001) were also documented while patients were on ginger essential oil. CONCLUSION At present time, the evidence derived from this study is not sufficiently convincing that inhaled ginger aromatherapy is an effective complementary therapy for CINV. The findings for HRQoL were however encouraging with significant improvement in several domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Lin Lua
- Community Health Research Cluster, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin (UniSZA), Kampus Gong Badak, 21300 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia.
| | - Noor Salihah
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin (UniSZA) , Kampus Gong Badak, 21300 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Nik Mazlan
- Kulliyyah of Allied Health Sciences, International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM), Kuantan Campus, 25710 Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia
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317
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Ferrini MG, Hlaing SM, Chan A, Artaza JN. Treatment with a combination of ginger, L-citrulline, muira puama and Paullinia cupana can reverse the progression of corporal smooth muscle loss, fibrosis and veno-occlusive dysfunction in the aging rat. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 4. [PMID: 26405615 DOI: 10.4172/2167-0250.1000132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Aging associated erectile dysfunction is characterized within the corpora by a progressive apoptosis of the smooth muscle cells and their replacement by collagen. Nitric oxide from iNOS has been shown to inhibit these histological changes in the corpora while PDE5 inhibitors as well as certain nutraceuticals such as ginger, paullinia cupana, muira puama and L-citrulline are known to enhance the effects of NO. We evaluated whether the daily oral administration for 2 months with a combination of ginger, paullinia cupana, muira puama and L-citrulline (COMP-4) can effectively delay the ongoing corporal fibrosis, smooth muscle cell apoptosis and cavernosal veno-occlusive dysfunction (CVOD) seen in middle aged rats similar to that seen with tadalafil. METHODS 10 Month old Fisher 344 rats were treated or not for two months with COMP-4, tadalafil or a combination of tadalafil plus COMP-4. CVOD was determined by dynamic infusion cavernosometry. Penile sections of the corpora cavernosa were subjected to Masson trichrome staining to evaluate fibrosis and immunohistochemistry for desmin as a marker of smooth muscle content and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) followed by image analysis. Oxidative stress levels were determined by GSH/GSSG ratio in whole blood. RESULTS a decline in the non-treated rat's erectile function is evident by 10-12 months of age and is accompanied by a decrease in the corporal smooth muscle content determined by desmin expression and an increase in corporal fibrosis. The daily treatment for two months with COMP-4 reverses this process by reducing systemic oxidative stress and increasing desmin and iNOS expression, similar to that seen with tadalafil or the combination of COMP-4 plus tadalafil. CONCLUSION An oral combination of ginger, muira puama, Paullinia cupana and L-citrulline seems to be as effective as daily PDE5 inhibitor therapy in either delaying or reversing the onset of the histological and functional characteristics of aging related erectile dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica G Ferrini
- Department of Internal Medicine, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine & Science, Los Angeles, CA 90059; Department of Health and Life Sciences, College of Science and Health, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine & Science, Los Angeles, CA 90059
| | - Su M Hlaing
- Department of Internal Medicine, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine & Science, Los Angeles, CA 90059
| | - Andre Chan
- Department of Health and Life Sciences, College of Science and Health, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine & Science, Los Angeles, CA 90059
| | - Jorge N Artaza
- Department of Internal Medicine, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine & Science, Los Angeles, CA 90059; Department of Health and Life Sciences, College of Science and Health, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine & Science, Los Angeles, CA 90059
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318
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Imani H, Tabibi H, Najafi I, Atabak S, Hedayati M, Rahmani L. Effects of ginger on serum glucose, advanced glycation end products, and inflammation in peritoneal dialysis patients. Nutrition 2015; 31:703-7. [PMID: 25837216 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2014.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2014] [Revised: 11/29/2014] [Accepted: 11/30/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of ginger supplementation on serum glucose, advanced glycation end products, oxidative stress, and systemic and vascular inflammatory markers in patients on peritoneal dialysis (PD). METHODS In this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, 36 patients on PD were randomly assigned to either the ginger or the placebo group. The patients in the ginger group received 1000 mg/d ginger for 10 wk, whereas the placebo group received corresponding placebos. At baseline and the end of week 10, serum concentrations of glucose, carboxymethyl lysine, pentosidine, malondialdehyde (MDA), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), soluble intercellular adhesion molecule type 1 (sICAM-1), soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule type 1 (sVCAM-1), and sE-selectin were measured after a 12- to 14-h fast. RESULTS Serum fasting glucose decreased significantly up to 20% in the ginger group at the end of week 10 compared with baseline (P < 0.05), and the reduction was significant in comparison with the placebo group (P < 0.05). There were no significant differences between the two groups in mean changes of serum carboxymethyl lysine, pentosidine, MDA, hs-CRP, sICAM-1, sVCAM-1, and sE-selectin. CONCLUSION This study indicated that daily administration of 1000 mg ginger reduces serum fasting glucose, which is a risk factor for hyperinsulinemia, dyslipidemia, peritoneal membrane fibrosis, and cardiovascular disease, in patients on PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Imani
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Hadi Tabibi
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran.
| | - Iraj Najafi
- Department of Nephrology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Shahnaz Atabak
- Department of Nephrology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Mehdi Hedayati
- Cellular and Molecular Research Department, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Leila Rahmani
- Peritoneal Dialysis Unit, Shafa Clinic, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran
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319
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Liu R, Heiss EH, Sider N, Schinkovitz A, Gröblacher B, Guo D, Bucar F, Bauer R, Dirsch VM, Atanasov AG. Identification and characterization of [6]-shogaol from ginger as inhibitor of vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation. Mol Nutr Food Res 2015; 59:843-52. [PMID: 25631547 PMCID: PMC4573514 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201400791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2014] [Revised: 01/16/2015] [Accepted: 01/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
SCOPE Vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation is involved in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease, making the identification of new counteracting agents and their mechanisms of action relevant. Ginger and its constituents have been reported to improve cardiovascular health, but no studies exist addressing a potential interference with VSMC proliferation. METHODS AND RESULTS The dichloromethane extract of ginger inhibited VSMC proliferation when monitored by resazurin metabolic conversion (IC50 = 2.5 μg/mL). The examination of major constituents from ginger yielded [6]-shogaol as the most active compound (IC50 = 2.7 μM). In the tested concentration range [6]-shogaol did not exhibit cytotoxicity toward VSMC and did not interfere with endothelial cell proliferation. [6]-shogaol inhibited DNA synthesis and induced accumulation of the VSMC in the G0 /G1 cell-cycle phase accompanied with activation of the nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)/HO-1 pathway. Since [6]-shogaol lost its antiproliferative activity in the presence of the heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) inhibitor tin protoporphyrin IX, HO-1 induction appears to contribute to the antiproliferative effect. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates for the first time inhibitory potential of ginger constituents on VSMC proliferation. The presented data suggest that [6]-shogaol exerts its antiproliferative effect through accumulation of cells in the G0 /G1 cell-cycle phase associated with activation of the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongxia Liu
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Shanghai Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Engineering Laboratory for TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, P. R. China
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320
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Gümüşay ÖA, Borazan AA, Ercal N, Demirkol O. Drying effects on the antioxidant properties of tomatoes and ginger. Food Chem 2015; 173:156-62. [PMID: 25466007 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.09.162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2014] [Revised: 08/28/2014] [Accepted: 09/29/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
In this study, the effects of four different drying processes, sun drying (SD), oven drying (OD), vacuum oven drying (VOD) and freeze drying (FD) for tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum) and ginger (Zingiber officinale) in terms of thiolic and phenolic contents have been studied. Thiol content, total phenolic content (TPC), ascorbic acid (AA) content, and cupric ion reducing antioxidant capacity (CUPRAC) were determined in fresh and dried samples. Glutathione (GSH) and cysteine (Cys) were determined as the thiol contents of tomatoes and ginger. Significant losses were observed in the contents of TPC, AA, GSH and Cys and CUPRAC values in all samples that were dried using the thermal method. There was a statistically significant difference in the losses of the TPC, AA, and thiol contents between the use of thermal drying and freeze drying (except Cys in tomatoes) methods. Freeze dried tomato and ginger samples have been found to have better antioxidant properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Özlem Aktürk Gümüşay
- Gebze Institute of Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, Cayirova, Gebze 41400, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Alev Akpınar Borazan
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Bilecik University, 11210 Gulumbe, Bilecik, Turkey
| | - Nuran Ercal
- Department of Chemistry, Missouri University of Science and Technology, 142 Schrenk Hall, Rolla, MO 65409, USA
| | - Omca Demirkol
- Department of Food Engineering, Sakarya University, Esentepe, Sakarya 54187, Turkey.
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321
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Das A, Miller R, Lee P, Holden CA, Lindhorst SM, Jaboin J, Vandergrift WA, Banik NL, Giglio P, Varma AK, Raizer JJ, Patel SJ. A novel component from citrus, ginger, and mushroom family exhibits antitumor activity on human meningioma cells through suppressing the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Tumour Biol 2015; 36:7027-34. [PMID: 25864108 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-3388-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2015] [Accepted: 03/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Recurrent meningiomas constitute an uncommon but significant problem after standard (surgery and radiation) therapy failure. Current chemotherapies (hydroxyurea, RU-486, and interferon-α) are only of marginal benefit. There is an urgent need for more effective treatments for meningioma patients who have failed surgery and radiation therapy. Limonin, Tangeritin, Zerumbone, 6-Gingerol, Ganoderic Acid A, and Ganoderic Acid DM are some of the plant derivatives that have anti-tumorgenic properties and cause cell death in meningioma cells in vitro. Due to its ease of administration, long-term tolerability, and low incidence of long-term side effects, we explored its potential as a therapeutic agent against meningiomas by examining their efficacy in vitro against meningioma cells. Treatment effects were assessed using MTT assay, Western blot analysis, caspases assay, and DNA fragmentation assay. Results indicated that treatments of IOMM-Lee and CH157MN meningioma cells with Limonin, Tangeritin, Zerumbone, 6-Gingerol, Ganoderic Acid A, and Ganoderic Acid DM induced apoptosis with enhanced phosphorylation of glycogen synthase kinase 3 β (GSK3β) via inhibition of the Wnt5/β-catenin pathway. These drugs did not induce apoptosis in normal human neurons. Other events in apoptosis included downregulation of tetraspanin protein (TSPAN12), survival proteins (Bcl-XL and Mcl-1), and overexpression apoptotic factors (Bax and caspase-3). These results provide preliminary strong evidence that medicinal plants containing Limonin, Tangeritin, 6-Gingerol, Zerumbone, Ganoderic Acid A, and Ganoderic Acid DM can be applied to high-grade meningiomas as a therapeutic agent, and suggests that further in vivo studies are necessary to explore its potential as a therapeutic agent against malignant meningiomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arabinda Das
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA. .,Department of Neurosurgery, Neuro-oncology Division, MUSC Brain and Spine Tumor Program CSB 310, Medical University of South Carolina at Charleston, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA.
| | - Rickey Miller
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
| | - Philip Lee
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
| | | | - Scott M Lindhorst
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
| | - Jerry Jaboin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - William A Vandergrift
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
| | - Naren L Banik
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA.,Ralph H. Johnson VA Medical Center, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Pierre Giglio
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA.,Department of Neurological Surgery, Wexner Medical College, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Abhay K Varma
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
| | - Jeffery J Raizer
- Department of Neurology and Northwestern Brain Tumor Institute, Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Sunil J Patel
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
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Wagesho Y, Chandravanshi BS. Levels of essential and non-essential metals in ginger (Zingiber officinale) cultivated in Ethiopia. Springerplus 2015; 4:107. [PMID: 25789209 PMCID: PMC4356677 DOI: 10.1186/s40064-015-0899-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2015] [Accepted: 02/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) is a common condiment for various foods and beverages and widely used worldwide as a spice. Its extracts are used extensively in the food, beverage, and confectionary industries in the production of products such as marmalade, pickles, chutney, ginger beer, ginger wine, liquors, biscuits, and other bakery products. In Ethiopia, it is among the important spices used in every kitchen to flavor stew, tea, bread and local alcoholic drinks. It is also chiefly used medicinally for indigestion, stomachache, malaria, fevers, common cold, and motion sickness. The literature survey revealed that there is no study conducted on the determination of metals in ginger cultivated in Ethiopia. Hence it is worthwhile to determine the levels of essential and non-essential metals in ginger cultivated in Ethiopia. METHODS The levels of essential (Ca, Mg, Fe, Zn, Cu, Co, Cr, Mn, and Ni) and non-essential (Cd and Pb) metals in ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) cultivated in four different regions of Ethiopia and the soil where it was grown were determined by flame atomic absorption spectrometry. 0.5 g of oven dried ginger and soil samples were digested using 3 mL of HNO3 and 1 mL of HClO4 at 210°C for 3 h and a mixture of 6 mL aqua-regia and 1.5 mL H2O2 at 270°C for 3 h, respectively. RESULTS The mean metal concentration (μg/g dry weight basis) ranged in the ginger and soil samples, respectively, were: Ca (2000-2540, 1770-3580), Mg (2700-4090, 1460-2440), Fe (41.8-89.0, 21700-46900), Zn (38.5-55.2, 255-412), Cu (1.1-4.8, 3.80-33.9), Co (2.0-7.6, 48.5-159), Cr (6.0-10.8, 110-163), Mn (184-401, 1760-6470), Ni (5.6-8.4, 14.1-79.3) and Cd (0.38-0.97, 0.24-1.1). The toxic metal Pb was not detected in both the ginger and soil samples. CONCLUSION There was good correlation between some metals in ginger and soil samples while poor correlation between other metals (Fe, Ni, Cu). This study revealed that Ethiopian gingers are good source of essential metals and free from toxic metal Pb while containing negligible amount of Cd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohannes Wagesho
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Bhagwan Singh Chandravanshi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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Gaur M, Das A, Subudhi E. High quality SNPs/Indels mining and characterization in ginger from ESTs data base. Bioinformation 2015; 11:85-9. [PMID: 25848168 PMCID: PMC4369683 DOI: 10.6026/97320630011085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2015] [Accepted: 01/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Ginger (Zingiber officinale Rosc.) is an important herb of the family Zingiberaceae. It is accepted as a universal cure for a multitude of diseases in Indian systems of medicine and its rhizomes are equally popular as a spice ingredient throughout Asia. SNPs, the definitive genetic markers, representing the finest resolution of a DNA sequence, are abundantly found in populations having a lower rate of mutation and are used for genomic analysis. The public ESTs sequences mostly lack quality files, making high quality SNPs detection more difficult since it is exclusively based on sequence comparisons. In the present study, current dbESTs of NCBI was mined and 38115 ginger ESTs sequences were obtained and assembled into contigs using CAP3 program. In this analysis, recent software tool QualitySNP was used to detect 11523 potential SNPs sites, 8810 high quality SNPs and 1008 indels polymorphisms with a frequency of 1.61 SNPs / 10 kbp. Of ESTs libraries generated from three ginger tissues together, rhizomes had a frequency of 0.32 SNPs and 0.03 indels per 10 kbp whereas the leaves had a frequency of 2.51 SNPs and 0.23 indels per 10 kbp and root is showing relative frequency of 0.76/10 kbp SNPs and 0.02/10 kbp indels. The present analysis provides additional information about the tissue wise presence of haplotypes (222), distribution of high quality exonic (2355) and intronic (6455) SNPs and information about singletons (7538) in addition to contigs transitions and transversions ratio (0.57). Among all tissue detected SNPs, transversions number is higher in comparison to the number of transitions. Quality SNPs detected in this work can be used as markers for further ginger genetic experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahendra Gaur
- Centre of Biotechnology, Siksha ‘O’ Anushandhan University, Kalinga Nagar, Ghatikia, Bhubaneswar-751003, Odisha
| | - Aradhana Das
- Centre of Biotechnology, Siksha ‘O’ Anushandhan University, Kalinga Nagar, Ghatikia, Bhubaneswar-751003, Odisha
| | - Enketeswara Subudhi
- Centre of Biotechnology, Siksha ‘O’ Anushandhan University, Kalinga Nagar, Ghatikia, Bhubaneswar-751003, Odisha
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Sheoran N, Valiya Nadakkakath A, Munjal V, Kundu A, Subaharan K, Venugopal V, Rajamma S, Eapen SJ, Kumar A. Genetic analysis of plant endophytic Pseudomonas putida BP25 and chemo-profiling of its antimicrobial volatile organic compounds. Microbiol Res 2015; 173:66-78. [PMID: 25801973 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2015.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2014] [Revised: 01/31/2015] [Accepted: 02/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Black pepper associated bacterium BP25 was isolated from root endosphere of apparently healthy cultivar Panniyur-5 that protected black pepper against Phytophthora capsici and Radopholus similis - the major production constraints. The bacterium was characterized and mechanisms of its antagonistic action against major pathogens are elucidated. The polyphasic phenotypic analysis revealed its identity as Pseudomonas putida. Multi locus sequence typing revealed that the bacterium shared gene sequences with several other isolates representing diverse habitats. Tissue localization assays exploiting green fluorescence protein expression clearly indicated that PpBP25 endophytically colonized not only its host plant - black pepper, but also other distantly related plants such as ginger and arabidopsis. PpBP25 colonies could be enumerated from internal tissues of plants four weeks post inoculation indicated its stable establishment and persistence in the plant system. The bacterium inhibited broad range of pathogens such as Phytophthora capsici, Pythium myriotylum, Giberella moniliformis, Rhizoctonia solani, Athelia rolfsii, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides and plant parasitic nematode, Radopholus similis by its volatile substances. GC/MS based chemical profiling revealed presence of Heneicosane; Tetratetracontane; Pyrrolo [1,2-a] pyrazine-1,4-dione, hexahydro-3-(2-methylpropyl); Tetracosyl heptafluorobutyrate; 1-3-Eicosene, (E)-; 1-Heneicosanol; Octadecyl trifluoroacetate and 1-Pentadecene in PpBP25 metabolite. Dynamic head space GC/MS analysis of airborne volatiles indicated the presence of aromatic compounds such as 1-Undecene;Disulfide dimethyl; Pyrazine, methyl-Pyrazine, 2,5-dimethyl-; Isoamyl alcohol; Pyrazine, methyl-; Dimethyl trisulfide, etc. The work paved way for profiling of broad spectrum antimicrobial VOCs in endophytic PpBP25 for crop protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neelam Sheoran
- Division of Plant Pathology, ICAR - Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Vibhuti Munjal
- Division of Plant Pathology, ICAR - Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Aditi Kundu
- Division of Agricultural Chemicals, ICAR - Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Kesavan Subaharan
- Division of Crop Protection, ICAR - Central Plantation Crops Research Institute, Kasaragod, India
| | - Vibina Venugopal
- Division of Crop Protection, ICAR - Central Plantation Crops Research Institute, Kasaragod, India
| | - Suseelabhai Rajamma
- Division of Crop Protection, ICAR - Indian Institute of Spices Research, Kozhikode, India
| | - Santhosh J Eapen
- Division of Crop Protection, ICAR - Indian Institute of Spices Research, Kozhikode, India
| | - Aundy Kumar
- Division of Plant Pathology, ICAR - Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India.
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Naderi Z, Mozaffari-Khosravi H, Dehghan A, Nadjarzadeh A, Huseini HF. Effect of ginger powder supplementation on nitric oxide and C-reactive protein in elderly knee osteoarthritis patients: A 12-week double-blind randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial. J Tradit Complement Med 2016; 6:199-203. [PMID: 27419081 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcme.2014.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2014] [Revised: 09/03/2014] [Accepted: 09/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
There is limited evidence that ginger ( shēng jiāng) powder consumption can relieve pain and inflammation because of its special phytochemical properties. This study is aimed at investigating the effect of ginger powder supplementation on some inflammatory markers in patients suffering from knee osteoarthritis. This is a double-blind randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial with a follow-up period of 3 months that was conducted on 120 outpatients with moderately painful knee osteoarthritis. Patients were randomly divided up into two groups: ginger group (GG) or placebo group (PG). Both groups received two identical capsules on a daily basis for 3 months. Each ginger capsule contained 500 mg of ginger powder; the placebo capsules had 500 mg of starch in them. Serum samples were collected prior to and after the intervention and were stored at -70 °C until the end of the study. Serum concentration of nitric oxide (NO) and hs-C reactive protein (hs-CRP) were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits. There was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of inflammatory markers (i.e., NO and hs-CRP) prior to the intervention. However, after 3 months of supplementation, serum concentration of NO and hs-CRP decreased in the GG. After 12 weeks, the concentration of these markers declined more in the GG than in the PG. Ginger powder supplementation at a dose of 1 g/d can reduce inflammatory markers in patients with knee osteoarthritis, and it thus can be recommended as a suitable supplement for these patients.
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Abstract
Context: Ginger is the rhizome of Zingiber officinale, a perennial plant, used alone or in compounds as a spice or remedy in ancient recipes of Iranian traditional medicine (ITM) as an effective tonic for the memory and digestive system, the opener of hepatic obstructions, aphrodisiac, for expelling compact wind from stomach and intestines, diluting, desiccating and emollient of phlegmatic and compact humor sticking to body organs, stomach, intestine, brain and throat. The ITM scholars believed that ginger was a vermifuge as well as a remedy for paralysis and obstructive jaundice. They also revealed that this phytomedicine cures diarrhea due to corrupted food. This study aimed to compare the medicinal properties (afaal) of ginger in ITM with those indicated in modern research. Results: Results of this study showed that the modern phytotherapy confirmed some of the properties of ginger. In addition, some of the properties of this phytomedicine have not been studied yet. Conclusions: By studding the ITM literature, herb elements or in other words ITM keywords, researchers can predict and state some unknown or less known potential pharmacologic effects of medicinal plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laleh Khodaie
- Medical Philosophy and History Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, IR Iran
| | - Omid Sadeghpoor
- Department of Traditional Medicine, School of Traditional Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
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327
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Durak A, Gawlik-Dziki U, Kowalska I. Coffee with ginger - interactions of biologically active phytochemicals in the model system. Food Chem 2015; 166:261-269. [PMID: 25053054 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.06.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2014] [Revised: 05/06/2014] [Accepted: 06/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated the interactions between antiradical and anti-inflammatory compounds from coffee and ginger. Results obtained for whole plant material extracts were compared with those for chlorogenic and caffeic acids (the main hydroxycinnamic acids of plant material). All the tested samples showed the ability to scavenge free radicals and to inhibit lipoxygenase (LOX) activity. Both of these activities increased after simulated gastrointestinal digestion. Aromatic additives, such as ginger, are able to change the antioxidant properties of coffee extract and antioxidant interactions may be identified using two methods. Antiradical phytochemicals from coffee and ginger acted synergistically - isoboles adopted a concave form, while after digestion in vitro an additive reaction was observed; in turn, chemical standards acted antagonistically. Water extractable LOX inhibitors acted antagonistically; however, after digestion in vitro synergism was observed. The same kind of interaction was determined for standard compounds. These results were confirmed by IF (interaction factor) analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agata Durak
- Department of Biochemistry and Food Chemistry, University of Life Sciences, Skromna Str. 8, 20-704 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Urszula Gawlik-Dziki
- Department of Biochemistry and Food Chemistry, University of Life Sciences, Skromna Str. 8, 20-704 Lublin, Poland
| | - Iwona Kowalska
- Department of Biochemistry and Crop Quality, Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation, State Research Institute, Czartoryskich Str. 8, 24-100 Pulawy, Poland
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328
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Khandouzi N, Shidfar F, Rajab A, Rahideh T, Hosseini P, Mir Taheri M. The effects of ginger on fasting blood sugar, hemoglobin a1c, apolipoprotein B, apolipoprotein a-I and malondialdehyde in type 2 diabetic patients. Iran J Pharm Res 2015; 14:131-40. [PMID: 25561919 PMCID: PMC4277626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is the most common endocrine disorder, causes many complications such as micro- and macro-vascular diseases. Anti-diabetic, hypolipidemic and anti-oxidative properties of ginger have been noticed in several researches. The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of ginger on fasting blood sugar, Hemoglobin A1c, apolipoprotein B, apolipoprotein A-I, and malondialdehyde in type 2 diabetic patients. In a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, clinical trial, a total of 41 type 2 diabetic patients randomly were assigned to ginger or placebo groups (22 in ginger group and 19 in control group), received 2 g/day of ginger powder supplement or lactose as placebo for 12 weeks. The serum concentrations of fasting blood sugar, Hemoglobin A1c, apolipoprotein B, apolipoprotein A-I and malondialdehyde were analyzed before and after the intervention. Ginger supplementation significantly reduced the levels of fasting blood sugar, hemoglobin A1c, apolipoprotein B, apolipoprotein B/apolipoprotein A-I and malondialdehyde in ginger group in comparison to baseline, as well as control group, while it increased the level of apolipoprotein A-I (p<0.05). It seems that oral administration of ginger powder supplement can improves fasting blood sugar, hemoglobin A1c, apolipoprotein B, apolipoprotein A-I, apolipoprotein B/apolipoprotein A-I and malondialdehyde in type 2 diabetic patients. So it may have a role in alleviating the risk of some chronic complications of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nafiseh Khandouzi
- Department of Nutrition and Biochemistry, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Farzad Shidfar
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,E-mail:
| | | | - Tayebeh Rahideh
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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329
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Bartels EM, Folmer VN, Bliddal H, Altman RD, Juhl C, Tarp S, Zhang W, Christensen R. Efficacy and safety of ginger in osteoarthritis patients: a meta-analysis of randomized placebo-controlled trials. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2015; 23:13-21. [PMID: 25300574 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2014.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2014] [Revised: 09/08/2014] [Accepted: 09/30/2014] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess the clinical efficacy and safety of oral ginger for symptomatic treatment of osteoarthritis (OA) by carrying out a systematic literature search followed by meta-analyses on selected studies. Inclusion criteria were randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing oral ginger treatment with placebo in OA patients aged >18 years. Outcomes were reduction in pain and reduction in disability. Harm was assessed as withdrawals due to adverse events. The efficacy effect size was estimated using Hedges' standardized mean difference (SMD), and safety by risk ratio (RR). Standard random-effects meta-analysis was used, and inconsistency was evaluated by the I-squared index (I(2)). Out of 122 retrieved references, 117 were discarded, leaving five trials (593 patients) for meta-analyses. The majority reported relevant randomization procedures and blinding, but an inadequate intention-to-treat (ITT) analysis. Following ginger intake, a statistically significant pain reduction SMD = -0.30 ([95% CI: [(-0.50, -0.09)], P = 0.005]) with a low degree of inconsistency among trials (I(2) = 27%), and a statistically significant reduction in disability SMD = -0.22 ([95% CI: ([-0.39, -0.04)]; P = 0.01; I(2) = 0%]) were seen, both in favor of ginger. Patients given ginger were more than twice as likely to discontinue treatment compared to placebo ([RR = 2.33; 95% CI: (1.04, 5.22)]; P = 0.04; I(2) = 0%]). Ginger was modestly efficacious and reasonably safe for treatment of OA. We judged the evidence to be of moderate quality, based on the small number of participants and inadequate ITT populations. Prospero: CRD42011001777.
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Affiliation(s)
- E M Bartels
- The Parker Institute, Department of Rheumatology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Denmark.
| | - V N Folmer
- The Parker Institute, Department of Rheumatology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - H Bliddal
- The Parker Institute, Department of Rheumatology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - R D Altman
- David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90024, USA
| | - C Juhl
- Institute of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - S Tarp
- The Parker Institute, Department of Rheumatology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - W Zhang
- Division of Rheumatology, Orthopedics and Dermatology University of Nottingham, Clinical Sciences Building, City Hospital, Nottingham, UK
| | - R Christensen
- The Parker Institute, Department of Rheumatology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Denmark; Institute of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
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330
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Kashefi F, Khajehei M, Alavinia M, Golmakani E, Asili J. Effect of ginger (Zingiber officinale) on heavy menstrual bleeding: a placebo-controlled, randomized clinical trial. Phytother Res 2015; 29:114-9. [PMID: 25298352 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2014] [Revised: 07/28/2014] [Accepted: 09/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE A wide range of herbal plants have been reported to treat various gynecological problems of women. This study was set out to investigate the effect of ginger (Zingiber officinale) on heavy menstrual bleeding (HMB) in high school girls. METHODS Ninety-two young women who experienced HMB and met the inclusion criteria were recruited in this study. Participants were evaluated for six consecutive menstrual cycles. During 3 assessment cycles, their HMB was confirmed by Pictorial Blood Assessment Chart. They were then randomly allocated to two study groups to receive either ginger or placebo capsules. The participants filled in the same chart during three intervention cycles. RESULTS The level of menstrual blood loss dramatically declined during the three intervention cycles in ginger-receiving group. The decrease of blood loss in ginger-receiving group was significantly more remarkable than that of participants receiving placebo (p<0.001). Minimum number of participants reported adverse effects. CONCLUSION HMB is highly prevalent among young women. Considering the significance of appropriate and timely treatment and also the importance of prevention of unwanted consequences, ginger may be considered as an effective therapeutic option for HMB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzaneh Kashefi
- Centre for Nursing Care Research, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Rashid Yasemi St, Vali Asr Ave, Tehran, Iran
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331
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Lin RJ, Chen CY, Lu CM, Ma YH, Chung LY, Wang JJ, Lee JD, Yen CM. Anthelmintic constituents from ginger (Zingiber officinale) against Hymenolepis nana. Acta Trop 2014; 140:50-60. [PMID: 25063389 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2014.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2014] [Revised: 06/14/2014] [Accepted: 07/15/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the anthelmintic activity of gingerenone A, [6]-dehydrogingerdione, [4]-shogaol, 5-hydroxy-[6]-gingerol, [6]-shogaol, [6]-gingerol, [10]-shogaol, [10]-gingerol, hexahydrocurcumin, 3R,5S-[6]-gingerdiol and 3S,5S-[6]-gingerdiol, a constituent isolate from the roots of ginger, for the parasite Hymenolepis nana. The cestocidal activity or ability to halt spontaneous parasite movement (oscillation/peristalsis) in H. nana of above constituents was reached from 24 to 72h in a time- and dose-dependent manner, respectively. The [10]-shogaol and [10]-gingero1 have maximum lethal efficacy and loss of spontaneous movement than the others at 24-72h. In addition, worms treated with 1 and 10μM [10]-gingero1, more than 30% had spontaneous movement of oscillation at 72h but [10]-shogaol at 72h only about 15-20% of oscillation. This showing that [10]-gingero1 had less loss of spontaneous movement efficacy than [10]-shogaol. After exposure to 200μM [10]-shogaol, 100% of H. nana had died at 12h rather than died at 24h for [10]-gingerol, showing that [10]-gingero1 had less lethal efficacy than [10]-shogaol. In addition, these constituents of ginger showed effects against peroxyl radical under cestocidal activity. In order to evaluate the cestocidal activity and cytokine production caused by ginger's extract R0 in the H. nana infected mice, we carried out in vivo examination about H. nana infected mice BALB/c mice were inoculated orally with 500 eggs. After post-inoculation, R0 (1g/kg/day) was administered orally for 10 days. The R0 exhibited cestocidal activity in vivo of significantly reduced worms number and cytokines production by in vitro Con A-stimulated spleen cells showed that INF-γ and IL-2 were significantly increases by R0. IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-10 and IL-13 were significantly decreases and Murine KC and IL-12 were not significantly changes by R0. Together, these findings first suggest that these constituents of ginger might be used as cestocidal agents against H. nana.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong-Jyh Lin
- Department of Parasitology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
| | - Chung-Yi Chen
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Fooyin University, Kaohsiung 83102, Taiwan.
| | - Chin-Mei Lu
- Department of Parasitology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
| | - Yi-Hsuan Ma
- Department of Parasitology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
| | - Li-Yu Chung
- Department of Parasitology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
| | - Jiun-Jye Wang
- Department of Parasitology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
| | - June-Der Lee
- Department of Parasitology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
| | - Chuan-Min Yen
- Department of Parasitology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
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332
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Jafarzadeh A, Mohammadi-Kordkhayli M, Ahangar-Parvin R, Azizi V, Khoramdel-Azad H, Shamsizadeh A, Ayoobi A, Nemati M, Hassan ZM, Moazeni SM, Khaksari M. Ginger extracts influence the expression of IL-27 and IL-33 in the central nervous system in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis and ameliorates the clinical symptoms of disease. J Neuroimmunol 2014; 276:80-8. [PMID: 25175065 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2014.08.614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2014] [Revised: 08/03/2014] [Accepted: 08/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The immunomodulatory effects of the IL-27 and IL-33 and the anti-inflammatory effects of ginger have been reported in some studies. The aim was to evaluate the effects of the ginger extract on the expression of IL-27 and IL-33 in a model of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). In PBS-treated EAE mice the expression of IL-27 P28 was significantly lower whereas the expression of IL-33 was significantly higher than unimmunized control mice. In 200 and 300 mg/kg ginger-treated EAE groups the expression of IL-27 P28 and IL-27 EBI3 was significantly higher whereas the expression of IL-33 was significantly lower than PBS-treated EAE mice. The EAE clinical symptoms and the pathological scores were significantly lower in ginger-treated EAE groups. These results showed that the ginger extract modulates the expression of the IL-27 and IL-33 in the spinal cord of EAE mice and ameliorates the clinical symptoms of disease.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Body Weight/drug effects
- Central Nervous System/drug effects
- Central Nervous System/metabolism
- Chemotaxis, Leukocyte/drug effects
- Disease Models, Animal
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/blood
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/chemically induced
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/drug therapy
- Female
- Freund's Adjuvant/toxicity
- Zingiber officinale/chemistry
- Interferon-gamma/blood
- Interleukin-27/genetics
- Interleukin-27/metabolism
- Interleukin-33
- Interleukin-7/blood
- Interleukins/genetics
- Interleukins/metabolism
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Myelin-Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein/toxicity
- Peptide Fragments/toxicity
- Phytotherapy
- Plant Extracts/therapeutic use
- Time Factors
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Affiliation(s)
- A Jafarzadeh
- Neuroscience Research Center, Department of Neurology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran; Department of Immunology, Medical School, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran; Department of Immunology, Medical School, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran.
| | - M Mohammadi-Kordkhayli
- Department of Immunology, Medical School, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - R Ahangar-Parvin
- Department of Immunology, Medical School, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - V Azizi
- Department of Immunology, Medical School, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - H Khoramdel-Azad
- Department of Immunology, Medical School, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - A Shamsizadeh
- Department of Physiology, Medical School, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - A Ayoobi
- Department of Physiology, Medical School, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - M Nemati
- Department of Immunology, Medical School, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Z M Hassan
- Department of Immunology, Medical School, Tarbiat Moddares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - S M Moazeni
- Department of Immunology, Medical School, Tarbiat Moddares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - M Khaksari
- Neuroscience Research Center, Department of Neurology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran; Department of Physiology, Medical School, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
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333
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Lim S, Moon M, Oh H, Kim HG, Kim SY, Oh MS. Ginger improves cognitive function via NGF-induced ERK/CREB activation in the hippocampus of the mouse. J Nutr Biochem 2014; 25:1058-65. [PMID: 25049196 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2014.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2014] [Revised: 04/30/2014] [Accepted: 05/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Ginger (the rhizome of Zingiber officinale Roscoe) has been used worldwide for many centuries in cooking and for treatment of several diseases. The main pharmacological properties of ginger include anti-inflammatory, antihyperglycemic, antiarthritic, antiemetic and neuroprotective actions. Recent studies demonstrated that ginger significantly enhances cognitive function in various cognitive disorders as well as in healthy brain. However, the biochemical mechanisms underlying the ginger-mediated enhancement of cognition have not yet been studied in normal or diseased brain. In the present study, we assessed the memory-enhancing effects of dried ginger extract (GE) in a model of scopolamine-induced memory deficits and in normal animals by performing a novel object recognition test. We found that GE administration significantly improved the ability of mice to recognize novel objects, indicating improvements in learning and memory. Furthermore, to elucidate the mechanisms of GE-mediated cognitive enhancement, we focused on nerve growth factor (NGF)-induced signaling pathways. NGF enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay analysis revealed that GE administration led to elevated NGF levels in both the mouse hippocampus and rat glioma C6 cells. GE administration also resulted in phosphorylation of extracellular-signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and cyclic AMP response element-binding protein (CREB), as revealed by Western blotting analysis. Neutralization of NGF with a specific NGF antibody inhibited GE-triggered activation of ERK and CREB in the hippocampus. Also, GE treatment significantly increased pre- and postsynaptic markers, synaptophysin and PSD-95, which are related to synapse formation in the brain. These data suggest that GE has a synaptogenic effect via NGF-induced ERK/CREB activation, resulting in memory enhancement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soonmin Lim
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science, Graduates school and Kyung Hee East-West Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Minho Moon
- School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, #1 Hoegi-dong, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyein Oh
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science, Graduates school and Kyung Hee East-West Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo Geun Kim
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science, Graduates school and Kyung Hee East-West Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Yeou Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, 191, Hambangmoe-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 406-799, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung Sook Oh
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science, Graduates school and Kyung Hee East-West Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea; Department of Oriental Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea.
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334
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Moazeni M, Khademolhoseini AA. Ovicidal effect of the methanolic extract of ginger (Zingiber officinale) on Fasciola hepatica eggs: an in vitro study. J Parasit Dis 2014; 40:662-6. [PMID: 27605763 DOI: 10.1007/s12639-014-0554-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2013] [Accepted: 08/28/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Fasciolosis is of considerable economic and public health importance worldwide. Little information is available on the ovicidal effects of anthelminthic drugs. The use of ovicidal anthelmintics can be effective in disease control. In this study, the effectiveness of the methanolic extract of ginger (Zingiber officinale) on the eggs of Fasciola hepatica is investigated. Fasciola hepatica eggs were obtained from the gall bladders of naturally infected sheep and kept at 4 °C until use. The eggs were exposed to varying concentrations of ginger extract (1, 5, 10, 25 and 50 mg/mL) for 24, 48 and 72 h. To investigate the effect of the ginger extracts on the miracidial formation, the treated eggs were incubated at 28 °C for 14 days. The results indicated that F. hepatica eggs are susceptible to the methanolic extract of Z. officinale. The ovicidal effect of ginger extract at a concentration of 1 mg/mL with 24, 48 and 72 h treatment time was 46.08, 51.53 and 69.09 % respectively (compared with 22.70 % for control group). The ovicidal effect of ginger extract at a concentration of 5 mg/mL after 24 h was 98.84 %. One hundred percent ovicidal efficacy was obtained through application of ginger extract at concentrations of 5 and 10 mg/mL with a 48 and 24 h treatment time respectively. The in vitro ovicidal effect of the methanolic extract of Z. officinale was satisfactory in this study, however, in vivo efficacy of this extract, remains for further investigation. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on the ovicidal effect of Z. officinale against F. hepatica eggs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Moazeni
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, 71345-1731 Shiraz, Iran
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335
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Abstract
In the West, sugar-based, ginger flavored beverages may contain hops, other flavorings, fruit juices, and varying levels of ethanol. Ginger ales contain 0.5%v/v; ginger beers >0.5%; and alcoholic ginger beers 0.5 ≤ 11%. Ales are carbonated by pressurized CO2, while beers and alcoholic beers are carbonated by yeast or ginger beer plant (GBP). In Africa, grain-based beverages include "fura da nono," "kunu," and "akamu," which are spiced with one or more flavorings including ginger, black pepper, clove, chili pepper, or Aframomum alligator peppers. Spices have flavor because they contain essential oils (EOs), which are composed of aroma-active compounds (AACs). The benefits and toxicities of spices are ascribed to their EOs/AACs contents. AIM Given the toxic potentials of EOs/AACs vis-à-vis their benefits, this review aimed to investigate the means by which the levels of EOs/AACs in spiced beverages are regulated. METHODOLOGY The benefits and liabilities of key EOs/AACs of spices were identified and described. The methods for assaying them in raw materials and beverages were also identified. RESULTS There was a dearth of data on the levels of EOs/AACs in both raw and finished goods. Moreover, their assay methods were found to be tedious and costly. The implications of these findings on regulation are discussed. CONCLUSIONS Owing to the practical difficulties in assaying flavors in beverages, both manufacturers and regulators should focus on: (i) the wholesomeness of raw materials; and (ii) good manufacturing practice (GMP). However, studies aimed at developing more robust methods for flavor should continue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunday J Ameh
- a 1 Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Quality Control , National Institute for Pharmaceutical Research and Development (NIPRD) , Garki , Abuja , Nigeria
| | - Nneka N Ibekwe
- a 1 Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Quality Control , National Institute for Pharmaceutical Research and Development (NIPRD) , Garki , Abuja , Nigeria
| | - Benjamin U Ebeshi
- b 2 Department of Pharmaceutical & Medicinal Chemistry , Niger Delta University , Amassoma , Nigeria
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336
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Rahmani AH, shabrmi FMA, Aly SM. Active ingredients of ginger as potential candidates in the prevention and treatment of diseases via modulation of biological activities. Int J Physiol Pathophysiol Pharmacol 2014; 6:125-136. [PMID: 25057339 PMCID: PMC4106649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2014] [Accepted: 06/09/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The current mode of treatment based on synthetic drugs is expensive and also causes genetic and metabolic alterations. However, safe and sound mode of treatment is needed to control the diseases development and progression. In this regards, medicinal plant and its constituents play an important role in diseases management via modulation of biological activities. Ginger, the rhizome of the Zingiber officinale, has shown therapeutic role in the health management since ancient time and considered as potential chemopreventive agent. Numerous studies based on clinical trials and animal model has shown that ginger and its constituents shows significant role in the prevention of diseases via modulation of genetic and metabolic activities. In this review, we focused on the therapeutics effects of ginger and its constituents in the diseases management, and its impact on genetic and metabolic activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arshad H Rahmani
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim UniversitySaudi Arabia
| | - Fahad M Al shabrmi
- Department of Radiology, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim UniversitySaudi Arabia
| | - Salah M Aly
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim UniversitySaudi Arabia
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Vet. Medicine, Suez Canal UniversityIsmailia, Egypt
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337
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Khaki A, Khaki AA, Hajhosseini L, Golzar FS, Ainehchi N. The anti-oxidant effects of ginger and cinnamon on spermatogenesis dys-function of diabetes rats. Afr J Tradit Complement Altern Med 2014; 11:1-8. [PMID: 25392573 PMCID: PMC4202389 DOI: 10.4314/ajtcam.v11i4.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetes rats have been linked to reproductive dysfunction and plant medicine has been shown to be effective in its treatment. Antioxidants have distinctive effects on spermatogenesis, sperm biology and oxidative stress, and changes in anti-oxidant capacity are considered to be involved in the pathogenesis of chronic diabetes mellitus. Ginger and cinnamon are strong anti-oxidants and have been shown to reduce oxidative stress in the long-term treatment of streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes in animal models. The present study examined the influence of combined ginger and cinnamon on spermatogenesis in STZ-induced diabetes in male Wistar rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS Animals (n = 80) were allocated randomly into eight groups, 10 each: Group 1: Control rats given only 5cc Normal saline (0.9% NaCl) daily;Group2: rats received ginger (100mg/kg/rat) daily; Group 3: rats received cinnamon (75mg/kg) daily; Group 4: rats received ginger and cinnamon, (100mg/kg/rat ginger and 75mg/kg cinnamon) daily; Group 5: Diabetic control rats received only normal saline. Group 6: Diabetic rats received 100mg/kg/day ginger; Group 7: Diabetic rats received 75mg /kg/ day cinnamon; Group 8: Diabetic rats received ginger and cinnamon (100mg/kg/day and 75mg/kg /day). Diabetes was induced with 55 mg/kg, single intra-peritoneal injection of STZ in all groups. At the end of the experiment (56th day), blood samples were taken for determination of testosterone, LH,FSH, total anti-oxidant capacity, and levels of malondialdehyde, SOD, Catalase and GPX. All rats were euthanized, testes were dissected out and spermatozoa were collected from the epididymis for analysis. RESULTS Sperm numbers, percentages of sperm viability and motility, and total serum testosterone increased in ginger and cinnamon and combined ginger and cinnamon treated diabetic rats compared with control groups. Serum testosterone, LH and FSH were higher compared to control group and also serum anti-oxidants (TAC, SOD, GPX and catalase) all were increased at the end of treatment. Combined ginger and cinnamon showed more intense increase in all parameters compare to ginger and cinnamon alone. Most of the results were significant (P<0.05). CONCLUSION We concluded that combined ginger and cinnamon have significant beneficial effects on the sperm viability, motility, and serum total testosterone, LH,FSH and serum anti-oxidants' level and could be effective for maintaining healthy sperm parameters and male reproductive function in diabetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arash Khaki
- Women's Reproductive Health Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Amir Afshin Khaki
- Women's Reproductive Health Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Farhad Sadeghpour Golzar
- Women's Reproductive Health Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Nava Ainehchi
- Women's Reproductive Health Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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338
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El-Akabawy G, El-Kholy W. Neuroprotective effect of ginger in the brain of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Ann Anat 2014; 196:119-28. [PMID: 24680376 DOI: 10.1016/j.aanat.2014.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2013] [Revised: 01/17/2014] [Accepted: 01/31/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus results in neuronal damage caused by increased intracellular glucose leading to oxidative stress. Recent evidence revealed the potential of ginger for reducing diabetes-induced oxidative stress markers. The aim of this study is to investigate, for the first time, whether the antioxidant properties of ginger has beneficial effects on the structural brain damage associated with diabetes. We investigated the observable neurodegenerative changes in the frontal cortex, dentate gyrus, and cerebellum after 4, 6, and 8 weeks of streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes in rats and the effect(s) of ginger (500 mg/kg/day). Sections of frontal cortex, dentate gyrus, and cerebellum were stained with hematoxylin and eosin and examined using light microscopy. In addition, quantitative immunohistochemical assessments of the expression of inducible NO synthase (iNOS), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, caspase-3, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), acetylcholinesterase (AChE), and Ki67 were performed. Our results revealed a protective role of ginger on the diabetic brain via reducing oxidative stress, apoptosis, and inflammation. In addition, this study revealed that the beneficial effect of ginger was also mediated by modulating the astroglial response to the injury, reducing AChE expression, and improving neurogenesis. These results represent a new insight into the beneficial effects of ginger on the structural alterations of diabetic brain and suggest that ginger might be a potential therapeutic strategy for the treatment of diabetic-induced damage in brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gehan El-Akabawy
- Menoufia University, Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia, Egypt.
| | - Wael El-Kholy
- Menoufia University, Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia, Egypt.
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339
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Rafieian-Kopaei M, Nasri H. The Ameliorative Effect of Zingiber officinale in Diabetic Nephropathy. Iran Red Crescent Med J 2014; 16:e11324. [PMID: 25031845 PMCID: PMC4082505 DOI: 10.5812/ircmj.11324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2013] [Revised: 08/06/2013] [Accepted: 11/27/2013] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Rafieian-Kopaei
- Medical Plants Research Center, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, IR Iran
| | - Hamid Nasri
- Department of Nephrology, Division of Nephropathology, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, IR Iran
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340
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Mohanta B, Dash SK, Panda MK, Sahoo GR. Standardization of process parameters for microwave assisted convective dehydration of ginger. J Food Sci Technol 2014; 51:673-81. [PMID: 24741160 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-011-0546-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 08/29/2011] [Accepted: 09/26/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Ginger (Zingiber Officinale, Cv. Suprava) slices (4 mm thick) were dehydrated at 25°, 40°, 50° and 60 °C with three different microwave power levels, viz. 120, 240, and 360 W in microwave assisted convective dryer up to 0.07 g moisture/g dry solid to observe the feasibility of microwave assisted convective drying for ginger. The samples were also dried without application of microwaves (0 W) at the above air temperatures. The final product quality was compared in terms of rehydration characteristics, oleoresin and volatile oil contents, hardness, color and organoleptic quality. The maximum rehydration ratio of 3.86 ± 0.06 was obtained at 50 °C without application of microwaves and was followed by 120 W-40 °C combination treatment (3.64 ± 0.15). The minimum rehydration ratio was 2.34 ± 0.20 for 360 W with 60 °C. The yield of oleoresin content was higher for 120 W as compared to other power levels, which ranged between 5.12 ± 0.85% and 6.34 ± 0.89%. The maximum retention of oleoresin was observed in case of 120 W-40 °C. The samples dried with microwave power level of 120 W also gave better yields of volatile oil as compared to other power levels. The best color was observed at 120 W-50 °C and 120 W-60 °C conditions with Hunter 'a' (redness) values at 0.50 ± 0.03 and 0.35 ± 0.03, respectively. The sensory analysis also indicated that drying at 120 W-50 °C and 240 W-50 °C combinations gave the most acceptable quality product. Drying ginger with 120 W-50 °C combination helped in a saving of 53% and 44% in drying time as compared to hot air drying at 50° and 60 °C, respectively. Drying at 240 W-50 °C also gave a reasonably acceptable quality product with a net saving of 91% and 89% in drying time as compared to hot air drying at 50° and 60 °C, respectively. However, on the basis of rehydration characteristics, the acceptable process conditions were hot air drying at 50° or 60 °C, or with the 120 W-40 °C combination.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Mohanta
- Department of Agricultural Processing and Food Engineering, College of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, Bhubaneswar, 751003 Orissa India
| | - S K Dash
- Department of Agricultural Processing and Food Engineering, College of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, Bhubaneswar, 751003 Orissa India
| | - M K Panda
- Department of Agricultural Processing and Food Engineering, College of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, Bhubaneswar, 751003 Orissa India
| | - G R Sahoo
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Vety. Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Orissa University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar, 751003 Orissa India
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341
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Saberi F, Sadat Z, Abedzadeh-Kalahroudi M, Taebi M. Effect of ginger on relieving nausea and vomiting in pregnancy: a randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Nurs Midwifery Stud 2014; 3:e11841. [PMID: 25414888 PMCID: PMC4228518 DOI: 10.17795/nmsjournal11841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2013] [Revised: 08/20/2013] [Accepted: 11/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Nausea and vomiting are common and unpleasant complications in pregnancy. Although many alternative therapists support the use of ginger for nausea and vomiting of pregnancy, there is currently insufficient clinical evidence to support its use in this condition Objectives: The present study was performed to assess the effectiveness of ginger in the treatment of nausea and vomiting in pregnancy. Patients and Methods: This seven-day clinical trial was performed on 120 eligible pregnant women with symptoms of mild to moderate nausea and vomiting before 16 weeks gestation. They were divided into; ginger, placebo and control groups, by block randomization. Women were asked to record their nausea and vomiting for three days, and then participants received either ginger capsules, or a placebo for four days. No intervention was done with the control group. Data measure was self-recorded symptoms according to the Rhodes Index. Data were analyzed by ANOVA, ANCOVA, Kruskal-Wallis, Chi-square, and Fisher’s exact test, for the quantitative and qualitative variables. Results: There were no statistical differences in the baseline demographics between the three groups apart from age of marriage and wanted or unwanted pregnancy. An ANCOVA test (covariance test) showed significant differences in mean scores after the intervention in the three groups (P < 0.001). Conclusions: Ginger was effective for the relief of mild to moderate nausea and vomiting in pregnant women at less than 16 weeks gestation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzaneh Saberi
- Department of Midwifery, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, IR Iran
| | - Zohreh Sadat
- Trauma Nursing Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, IR Iran
| | | | - Mahboobeh Taebi
- Department of Midwifery, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, IR Iran
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342
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Hosseini A, Mirazi N. Acute administration of ginger (Zingiber officinale rhizomes) extract on timed intravenous pentylenetetrazol infusion seizure model in mice. Epilepsy Res 2014; 108:411-9. [PMID: 24529324 DOI: 10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2014.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2013] [Revised: 12/03/2013] [Accepted: 01/09/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Zingiber officinale (Zingiberaceae) or ginger, which is used in traditional medicine has antioxidant activity and neuroprotective effects. The effects of this plant on clonic seizure have not yet been studied. The present study evaluated the anticonvulsant effect of ginger in a model of clonic seizures induced with pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) in male mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS The anticonvulsant effect of Z. officinale was investigated using i.v. PTZ-induced seizure models in mice. Different doses of the hydroethanolic extract of Z. officinale (25, 50, and 100mg/kg) were administered intraperitonal (i.p.), 2 and 24h before induction of PTZ. Phenobarbital sodium (30mg/kg), a reference standard, was also tested for comparison. The effect of ginger on to the appearance of three separate seizure endpoints (myoclonic, generalized clonus and forelimb tonic extension phase) was recorded. RESULTS The results showed that the ginger extract has anticonvulsant effects in all the experimental treatment groups of seizure tested as it significantly increased the seizure threshold. Hydroethanolic extract of Z. officinale significantly increased the onset time of myoclonic seizure at doses of 25-100mg/kg (p<0.001) and significantly prevented generalized clonic (p<0.001) and increased the threshold for the forelimb tonic extension (p<0.01) seizure 2 and 24h before induction of PTZ compared with control group. CONCLUSION Based on the results the hydroethanolic extract of ginger has anticonvulsant effects, possibly through an interaction with inhibitory and excitatory system, antioxidant mechanisms, oxidative stress and calcium channel inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdolkarim Hosseini
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Science, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran
| | - Naser Mirazi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Science, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran.
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343
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Mozaffari-Khosravi H, Talaei B, Jalali BA, Najarzadeh A, Mozayan MR. The effect of ginger powder supplementation on insulin resistance and glycemic indices in patients with type 2 diabetes: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Complement Ther Med 2014; 22:9-16. [PMID: 24559810 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctim.2013.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2012] [Revised: 08/20/2013] [Accepted: 12/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify the effect of some herbal products on insulin resistance. Regarding the scientific evidences existing about ginger, this research was therefore carried out to identify the effect of ginger supplementation on insulin resistance and glycemic indices in diabetes mellitus. METHODS This is a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial in which 88 participants affected by diabetes were randomly assigned into ginger (GG) and placebo (PG) groups. The GG received 3 one-gram capsules containing ginger powder whereas the PG received 3 one-gram microcrystalline-containing capsules daily for 8 weeks. HbA1c, fructosamine, fasting blood sugar (FBS), fasting insulin, homeostasis model assessment insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR), β-cell function (β%), insulin sensitivity (S%) and the quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI) were assessed before and after the intervention. RESULTS FBS mean showed a decrease of 10.5% (p=0.003) in the GG whereas the mean had an increase of 21% in the PG (p=0.01). Variation in HbA1c mean was in line with that of FBS. Statistical difference was found in the two groups before and after the intervention in terms of median of fasting insulin level, S% and HOMA-IR (P<0.005). Moreover QUICKI mean increased significantly in the two groups, the mean difference, however, was significantly higher in the GG. CONCLUSIONS The study demonstrated that daily consumption of 3 one-gram capsules of ginger powder for 8 weeks is useful for patients with type 2 diabetes due to FBS and HbA1c reduction and improvement of insulin resistance indices such as QUICKI index.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Mozaffari-Khosravi
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Health, Yazd Diabetes Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.
| | - Behrouz Talaei
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Health, Yazd Diabetes Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Beman-Ali Jalali
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Azadeh Najarzadeh
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Health, Yazd Diabetes Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Mozayan
- Department of English Language, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
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van Tilburg MAL, Palsson OS, Ringel Y, Whitehead WE. Is ginger effective for the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome? A double blind randomized controlled pilot trial. Complement Ther Med 2014; 22:17-20. [PMID: 24559811 PMCID: PMC3958926 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctim.2013.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2013] [Revised: 10/14/2013] [Accepted: 12/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Ginger is one of the most commonly used herbal medicines for irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) but no data exists about its effectiveness. DESIGN Double blind randomized controlled trial. SETTING University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA. INTERVENTION Forty-five IBS patients were randomly assigned to three groups: placebo, 1g of ginger, and 2g of ginger daily for 28 days. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The IBS severity scale (IBS-SS) was administered, as well as adequate relief of symptoms scale. A responder was defined as having at least 25% reduction in IBS-SS post-treatment. RESULTS There were 57.1% responders to placebo, 46.7% to 1g and 33.3% to 2g of ginger. Adequate relief was reported by 53.3% on placebo and 53.3% in both ginger groups combined. Side effects were mild and reported by 35.7% in the placebo and 16.7% in the ginger groups. CONCLUSIONS This double blind randomized controlled pilot study suggests ginger is well tolerated but did not perform better than placebo. Larger trials are needed before any definitive conclusions can be drawn.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miranda A L van Tilburg
- University of North Carolina, Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, UNC Center for Functional GI and Motility Disorders, United States.
| | - Olafur S Palsson
- University of North Carolina, Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, UNC Center for Functional GI and Motility Disorders, United States
| | - Yehuda Ringel
- University of North Carolina, Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, UNC Center for Functional GI and Motility Disorders, United States
| | - William E Whitehead
- University of North Carolina, Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, UNC Center for Functional GI and Motility Disorders, United States
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345
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Villalvilla A, da Silva JA, Largo R, Gualillo O, Vieira PC, Herrero-Beaumont G, Gómez R. 6-Shogaol inhibits chondrocytes' innate immune responses and cathepsin-K activity. Mol Nutr Food Res 2014; 58:256-66. [PMID: 24039109 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201200833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2012] [Revised: 06/08/2013] [Accepted: 06/30/2013] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
SCOPE Ginger has long been used in traditional Asian medicine to treat osteoarthritis. Indeed, scientific research has reported that ginger derivatives (GDs) have the potential to control innate immune responses. Given the widespread use and demonstrated properties of GDs, we set out to study their anti-inflammatory and anticatabolic properties in chondrocytes. METHODS AND RESULTS 6-shogaol (6-S), the most active GD, was obtained from ginger. 6-S was not toxic as measured by MTT assay, and inhibited NO production and IL-6 and MCP-1 induced gene expression in LPSbut not in IL-1β-stimulated chondrocytes. 6-S also inhibited LPS-mediated ERK1/2 activation as well as NOS2 and MyD88 induced expression as determined by Western blot. Moreover, zymography revealed that 6-S inhibited matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) 2/9 induction in LPS-treated cells. Hydrated 6-S was modified to obtain a compound (SSi6) without 6-S potential anti-inflammatory properties. Both 6-S and SSi6 inhibited cathepsin-K activity. CONCLUSION 6-S blocked TLR4-mediated innate immune responses and MMP induction in chondrocytes. These results, together with GDs-mediated cathepsin-K inhibition, suggest the potential for GDs use against cartilage and bone degradation. Therefore, considering that clinical trials involving oral administration of ginger achieved relevant nontoxic GDs serum concentrations, we suggest that a ginger-supplemented diet might reduce OA symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Villalvilla
- Osteoarticular Pathology Lab, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Avda Reyes Católicos, Madrid, Spain
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346
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MAHMOUD A, ATTIA R, SAID S, IBRAHEIM Z. Ginger and cinnamon: can this household remedy treat giardiasis? Parasitological and histopathological studies. Iran J Parasitol 2014; 9:530-40. [PMID: 25759734 PMCID: PMC4345092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2014] [Accepted: 09/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Giardia lamblia is one of the most common protozoal infections in human especially children. Metronidazol (MTZ) is the drug of choice for treatment of giardiasis; its chemical composition possesses major threats and is becoming less sensitive. This study aimed to search for natural extracts alternative to MTZ. METHODS In-vivo effects of dichloromethane extracts of ginger and cinnamon in doses of 10 and 20 mg/kg/day separately were studied on 30 experimentally infected albino rats divided into 6 groups (5 rats each). Plant extracts were started on the 6th day post infection for 7 successive days. The study was evaluated by fecal cyst and intestinal trophozoite counts, histopathology, scanning and transmission electron microscopic examinations of the small intestinal mucosa. RESULTS Ginger and cinnamon caused reduction of fecal cyst and trophozoites counts. Histopathology, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) after exposure to each extract revealed evident improvement of intestinal mucosal damage produced by G. lamblia infection and direct structural injury to the trophozoites. However, these results were more obvious after exposure to cinnamon extracts. CONCLUSION We confirmed the potential therapeutic effects of ginger and cinnamon extracts on G. lamblia infection in albino rats as a promising alternative therapy to the commonly used antigiardial drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abeer MAHMOUD
- Dept. of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt,Correspondence
| | - Rasha ATTIA
- Dept. of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Safaa SAID
- Dept. of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Zedan IBRAHEIM
- Dept. of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
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347
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Montazeri AS, Hamidzadeh A, Raei M, Mohammadiun M, Montazeri AS, Mirshahi R, Rohani H. Evaluation of Oral Ginger Efficacy against Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting: A Randomized, Double - Blinded Clinical Trial. Iran Red Crescent Med J 2013; 15:e12268. [PMID: 24693389 PMCID: PMC3955504 DOI: 10.5812/ircmj.12268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2012] [Revised: 09/08/2013] [Accepted: 10/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Postoperative nausea and vomiting is one of the most common side effects associated with surgical procedures. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to determine the effect of ginger on intensity of nausea and vomiting after surgical procedures. PATIENTS AND METHODS This study was a randomized, double blinded, clinical trial. 160 eligible patients were randomly assigned into experimental or placebo groups. The experimental group received 4 capsules containing 250 mg ginger and placebo group received 4 placebo capsules 1 hour before surgery. The severity of nausea and vomiting was measured at 2, 4, 6 hours post operation using visual analogue scale and a structured questionnaire. The data were analyzed by independent t - test, Mann-Whitney U test, chi -square and GEE using SPSS 16 and STATA version 11. RESULTS Mean nausea score at 2 hours post operation was significantly lower in the experimental group (P= 0.04). Mean nausea score at 4 and 6 hours post operation was lower in the experimental group; however, there was no significant difference between the groups at any time post operation. The frequencies of nausea in the experimental group at 2 and 6 hours post operation were lower than that in the placebo group, however, at 2 hours post operation, it was borderline significant (P = 0.05) There was no significant differences between two group in the intensity of vomiting at any time. CONCLUSIONS Use of ginger was effective at decreasing postoperative nausea. Ginger could be used as a safe antiemetic drug at post operation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akram Sadat Montazeri
- Center for Health-Related Social and Behavioral Sciences Research, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, IR Iran
| | - Azam Hamidzadeh
- School of Nursing & Midwifery, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, IR Iran
| | - Mehdi Raei
- Clinical Research Development Center, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, IR Iran
| | - Malihe Mohammadiun
- School of Civil and Architectural Engineering, Shahrood University of Technology, Shahrood, IR Iran
| | - Azam Sadat Montazeri
- School of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
- Corresponding Author: Azam Sadat Montazeri, School of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran. Tel: +98-9126730906, E-mail:
| | - Reza Mirshahi
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Hosein Rohani
- School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, IR Iran
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348
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Wen J, Kong W, Wang J, Yang M. Simultaneous determination of four aflatoxins and ochratoxin A in ginger and related products by HPLC with fluorescence detection after immunoaffinity column clean-up and postcolumn photochemical derivatization. J Sep Sci 2013; 36:3709-16. [PMID: 24115567 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201300885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2013] [Revised: 09/17/2013] [Accepted: 09/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Ginger, a widely used spice and traditional Chinese medicine, is prone to be contaminated by mycotoxins. A simple, sensitive, and reproducible method based on immunoaffinity column clean-up coupled with HPLC and on-line postcolumn photochemical derivatization with fluorescence detection was developed for the simultaneous determination of aflatoxins (AFs) B1 , B2 , G1 , G2 , and ochratoxin A (OTA) in 25 batches of gingers and related products marketed in China for the first time. The samples were first extracted by ultrasonication with methanol/water (80:20, v/v) and then cleaned up with immunoaffinity columns for analysis. Under the optimized conditions, the LODs and LOQs for the five mycotoxins were 0.03-0.3 and 0.1-0.9 μg/kg, respectively. The average recoveries ranged from 81.3-100.8% for AFs and from 88.6-99.5% for OTA at three spiking levels. Good linearity was observed for the analytes with correlation coefficients all >0.9995. All moldy gingers were contaminated with at least one kind of the five investigated mycotoxins, while none of them were found in normal gingers. Ginger powder samples were contaminated slightly with the contamination levels below the LOQs, while ginger tea bags were mainly contaminated by OTA at 1.05-1.19 μg/kg and ginger black tea bags were mainly contaminated by AFs at 3.37-5.76 μg/kg. All the contamination levels were below the legally allowable limits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wen
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China; Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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349
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Ho SC, Chang KS, Lin CC. Anti-neuroinflammatory capacity of fresh ginger is attributed mainly to 10-gingerol. Food Chem 2013; 141:3183-91. [PMID: 23871076 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2013] [Revised: 04/22/2013] [Accepted: 06/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Despite the anti-neuroinflammatory capacity of ginger, the corresponding active constituents are unclear. This study analyzed the composition of fresh ginger ethanolic extract by using LC-MS. Inhibitory activities of fresh ginger extract and seven gingerol-related compounds on the neuro-inflammation were also evaluated by using a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated BV2 microglia culture model. Except for zingerone and 6-gingerol, other gingerols and shogaols at a concentration of 20 μM inhibited the production of nitric oxide, IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α as well as their mRNA levels in LPS-activated BV2 microglia. Blocking NF-κB activation was the underlying mechanism responsible for inhibiting the proinflammatory gene expression. Increasing the alkyl chain length enhanced the anti-neuroinflammatory capacity of gingerols yet, conversely, attenuated those of shogaols. 6-Gingerol was the most abundant compound in the fresh ginger extract, followed by 10-gingerol. Furthermore, fresh ginger extract exhibited a significant anti-neuroinflammatory capacity, which was largely owing to 10-gingerol, but not 6-gingerol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Chen Ho
- Department of Food Science, Yuanpei University, Hsinchu, Taiwan.
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350
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Yamamoto-Ribeiro MMG, Grespan R, Kohiyama CY, Ferreira FD, Mossini SAG, Silva EL, Filho BADA, Mikcha JMG, Machinski M. Effect of Zingiber officinale essential oil on Fusarium verticillioides and fumonisin production. Food Chem 2013; 141:3147-52. [PMID: 23871071 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.05.144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2012] [Revised: 05/29/2013] [Accepted: 05/31/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The antifungal activity of ginger essential oil (GEO; Zingiber officinale Roscoe) was evaluated against Fusarium verticillioides (Saccardo) Nirenberg. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of GEO was determined by micro-broth dilution. The effects of GEO on fumonisin and ergosterol production were evaluated at concentrations of 500-5000 μg/mL in liquid medium with a 5mm diameter mycelial disc of F. verticillioides. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry showed that the predominant components of GEO were α-zingiberene (23.9%) and citral (21.7%). GEO exhibited inhibitory activity, with a MIC of 2500 μg/mL, and 4000 and 5000 μg/mL reduced ergosterol biosynthesis by 57% and 100%, respectively. The inhibitory effect on fumonisin B1 (FB1) and fumonisin B2 (FB2) production was significant at GEO concentrations of 4000 and 2000 μg/mL, respectively. Thus, the inhibition of fungal biomass and fumonisin production was dependent on the concentration of GEO. These results suggest that GEO was able to control the growth of F. verticillioides and subsequent fumonisin production.
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