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Abstract
Background Helitrons are eukaryotic rolling circle transposable elements that can have a large impact on host genomes due to their copy-number and their ability to capture and copy genes and regulatory elements. They occur widely in plants and animals, and have thus far been relatively little investigated in fungi. Results Here, we comprehensively survey Helitrons in several completely sequenced genomes representing the F. oxysporum species complex (FOSC). We thoroughly characterize 5 different Helitron subgroups and determine their impact on genome evolution and assembly in this species complex. FOSC Helitrons resemble members of the Helitron2 variant that includes Helentrons and DINEs. The fact that some Helitrons appeared to be still active in FOSC provided the opportunity to determine whether Helitrons occur as a circular intermediate in FOSC. We present experimental evidence suggesting that at least one Helitron subgroup occurs with joined ends, suggesting a circular intermediate. We extend our analyses to other Pezizomycotina and find that most fungal Helitrons we identified group phylogenetically with Helitron2 and probably have similar characteristics. Conclusions FOSC genomes harbour non-canonical Helitrons that are characterized by asymmetric terminal inverted repeats, show hallmarks of recent activity and likely transpose via a circular intermediate. Bioinformatic analyses indicate that they are representative of a large reservoir of fungal Helitrons that thus far has not been characterized. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13100-016-0083-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biju Vadakkemukadiyil Chellapan
- Department of Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, University of Kerala, Karyavattom Campus, Karyavattom PO, Trivandrum, Kerala India ; Molecular Plant Pathology, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Amsterdam, P.O. Box 94215, 1090 Amsterdam, GE The Netherlands
| | - Peter van Dam
- Molecular Plant Pathology, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Amsterdam, P.O. Box 94215, 1090 Amsterdam, GE The Netherlands
| | - Martijn Rep
- Molecular Plant Pathology, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Amsterdam, P.O. Box 94215, 1090 Amsterdam, GE The Netherlands
| | - Ben J C Cornelissen
- Molecular Plant Pathology, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Amsterdam, P.O. Box 94215, 1090 Amsterdam, GE The Netherlands
| | - Like Fokkens
- Molecular Plant Pathology, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Amsterdam, P.O. Box 94215, 1090 Amsterdam, GE The Netherlands
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402
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Kashiwa T, Kozaki T, Ishii K, Turgeon BG, Teraoka T, Komatsu K, Arie T. Sequencing of individual chromosomes of plant pathogenic Fusarium oxysporum. Fungal Genet Biol 2016; 98:46-51. [PMID: 27919652 DOI: 10.1016/j.fgb.2016.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2016] [Revised: 11/19/2016] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A small chromosome in reference isolate 4287 of F. oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici (Fol) has been designated as a 'pathogenicity chromosome' because it carries several pathogenicity related genes such as the Secreted In Xylem (SIX) genes. Sequence assembly of small chromosomes in other isolates, based on a reference genome template, is difficult because of karyotype variation among isolates and a high number of sequences associated with transposable elements. These factors often result in misassembly of sequences, making it unclear whether other isolates possess the same pathogenicity chromosome harboring SIX genes as in the reference isolate. To overcome this difficulty, single chromosome sequencing after Contour-clamped Homogeneous Electric Field (CHEF) separation of chromosomes was performed, followed by de novo assembly of sequences. The assembled sequences of individual chromosomes were consistent with results of probing gels of CHEF separated chromosomes with SIX genes. Individual chromosome sequencing revealed that several SIX genes are located on a single small chromosome in two pathogenic forms of F. oxysporum, beyond the reference isolate 4287, and in the cabbage yellows fungus F. oxysporum f. sp. conglutinans. The particular combination of SIX genes on each small chromosome varied. Moreover, not all SIX genes were found on small chromosomes; depending on the isolate, some were on big chromosomes. This suggests that recombination of chromosomes and/or translocation of SIX genes may occur frequently. Our method improves sequence comparison of small chromosomes among isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Kashiwa
- United Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology (TUAT), Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan; Present address: Chemical Biology Research Group, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science (CSRS), Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Toshinori Kozaki
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology (TUAT), Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Kazuo Ishii
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology (TUAT), Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - B Gillian Turgeon
- Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe Biology Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA; Institute of Global Innovation Research, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology (TUAT), Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Tohru Teraoka
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology (TUAT), Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Ken Komatsu
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology (TUAT), Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan; Institute of Global Innovation Research, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology (TUAT), Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Arie
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology (TUAT), Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan; Institute of Global Innovation Research, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology (TUAT), Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan.
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403
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Kejela T, Thakkar VR, Thakor P. Bacillus species (BT42) isolated from Coffea arabica L. rhizosphere antagonizes Colletotrichum gloeosporioides and Fusarium oxysporum and also exhibits multiple plant growth promoting activity. BMC Microbiol 2016; 16:277. [PMID: 27863465 PMCID: PMC5116145 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-016-0897-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Accepted: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colletotrichum and Fusarium species are among pathogenic fungi widely affecting Coffea arabica L., resulting in major yield loss. In the present study, we aimed to isolate bacteria from root rhizosphere of the same plant that is capable of antagonizing Colletotrichum gloeosporioides and Fusarium oxysporum as well as promotes plant growth. RESULTS A total of 42 Bacillus species were isolated, one of the isolates named BT42 showed maximum radial mycelial growth inhibition against Colletotrichum gloeosporioides (78%) and Fusarium oxysporum (86%). BT42 increased germination of Coffee arabica L. seeds by 38.89%, decreased disease incidence due to infection of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides to 2.77% and due to infection of Fusarium oxysporum to 0 (p < 0.001). The isolate BT42 showed multiple growth-promoting traits. The isolate showed maximum similarity with Bacillus amyloliquefaciens. CONCLUSION Bacillus species (BT42), isolated in the present work was found to be capable of antagonizing the pathogenic effects of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides and Fusarium oxysporum. The mechanism of action of inhibition of the pathogenic fungi found to be synergistic effects of secondary metabolites, lytic enzymes, and siderophores. The major inhibitory secondary metabolite identified as harmine (β-carboline alkaloids).
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Affiliation(s)
- Tekalign Kejela
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural and Computational Sciences, Mettu University, Mettu, Ethiopia. .,Present Address: BRD school of Biosciences, Sardar Patel University, Vallabh Vidyanagar, 388120, India.
| | - Vasudev R Thakkar
- BRD School of Biosciences, Sardar Patel University, Vadtal Road, Satellite Campus, Post Box No.39, Vallabh Vidyanagar, 388120, Gujarat, India
| | - Parth Thakor
- BRD School of Biosciences, Sardar Patel University, Vadtal Road, Satellite Campus, Post Box No.39, Vallabh Vidyanagar, 388120, Gujarat, India
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404
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Iram S, Khan S, Ansary AA, Arshad M, Siddiqui S, Ahmad E, Khan RH, Khan MS. Biogenic terbium oxide nanoparticles as the vanguard against osteosarcoma. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2016; 168:123-131. [PMID: 27288964 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2016.05.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2014] [Revised: 05/29/2016] [Accepted: 05/31/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis of inner transition metal nanoparticles via an ecofriendly route is quite difficult. This study, for the first time, reports synthesis of terbium oxide nanoparticles using fungus, Fusarium oxysporum. The biocompatible terbium oxide nanoparticles (Tb2O3 NPs) were synthesized by incubating Tb4O7 with the biomass of fungus F. oxysporum. Multiple physical characterization techniques, such as UV-visible and photoluminescence spectroscopy, TEM, SAED, and zeta-potential were used to confirm the synthesis, purity, optical and surface characteristics, crystallinity, size, shape, distribution, and stability of the nanoemulsion of Tb2O3 NPs. The Tb2O3 NPs were found to inhibit the propagation of MG-63 and Saos-2 cell-lines (IC50 value of 0.102μg/mL) and remained non-toxic up to a concentration of 0.373μg/mL toward primary osteoblasts. Cell viability decreased in a concentration-dependent manner upon exposure to 10nm Tb2O3 NPs in the concentration range 0.023-0.373μg/mL. Cell toxicity was evaluated by observing changes in cell morphology, cell viability, oxidative stress parameters, and FACS analysis. Morphological examinations of cells revealed cell shrinkage, nuclear condensation, and formation of apoptotic bodies. The level of ROS within the cells-an indicator of oxidative stress was significantly increased. The induction of apoptosis at concentrations ≤IC50 was corroborated by 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole dihydrochloride (DAPI) staining (DNA damage and nuclear fragmentation). Flow-cytometric studies indicated that the response was dose dependent with a threshold effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sana Iram
- Department of Biotechnology, Integral University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226026, India
| | - Salman Khan
- Department of Biotechnology, Integral University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226026, India
| | - Abu Ayoobul Ansary
- Biochemical Sciences Division, National Chemical Laboratory, Pune 411008, India
| | - Mohd Arshad
- Molecular Endocrinology Lab, Department of Zoology, Lucknow University, Lucknow 226025, India
| | - Sahabjada Siddiqui
- Molecular Endocrinology Lab, Department of Zoology, Lucknow University, Lucknow 226025, India
| | - Ejaz Ahmad
- IBU, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India
| | - Rizwan H Khan
- IBU, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India
| | - Mohd Sajid Khan
- Department of Biotechnology, Integral University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226026, India.
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405
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Zwanenburg B, Mwakaboko AS, Kannan C. Suicidal germination for parasitic weed control. Pest Manag Sci 2016; 72:2016-2025. [PMID: 26733056 DOI: 10.1002/ps.4222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2015] [Revised: 12/22/2015] [Accepted: 01/04/2016] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Parasitic weeds of the genera Striga and Orobanche spp. cause severe yield losses in agriculture, especially in developing countries and the Mediterranean. Seeds of these weeds germinate by a chemical signal exuded by the roots of host plants. The radicle thus produced attaches to the root of the host plant, which can then supply nutrients to the parasite. There is an urgent need to control these weeds to ensure better agricultural production. The naturally occurring chemical signals are strigolactones (SLs), e.g. strigol and orobanchol. One option to control these weeds involves the use of SLs as suicidal germination agents, where germination takes place in the absence of a host. Owing to the lack of nutrients, the germinated seeds will die. The structure of natural SLs is too complex to allow multigram synthesis. Therefore, SL analogues are developed for this purpose. Examples are GR24 and Nijmegen-1. In this paper, the SL analogues Nijmegen-1 and Nijmegen-1 Me were applied in the field as suicidal germination agents. Both SL analogues were formulated using an appropriate EC-approved emulsifier (polyoxyethylene sorbitol hexaoleate) and applied to tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) fields infested by Orobanche ramosa L. (hemp broomrape), following a strict protocol. Four out of 12 trials showed a reduction in broomrape of ≥95%, two trials were negative, two showed a moderate result, one was unclear and in three cases there was no Orobanche problem in the year of the trials. The trial plots were ca 2000 m2 ; half of that area was treated with stimulant emulsion, the other half was not treated. The optimal amount of stimulant was 6.25 g ha-1 . A preconditioning prior to the treatment was a prerequisite for a successful trial. In conclusion, the suicidal germination approach to reducing O. ramosa in tobacco fields using formulated SL analogues was successful. Two other options for weed control are discussed: deactivation of stimulants prior to action and biocontrol by Fusarium oxysporum. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binne Zwanenburg
- Cluster of Organic Chemistry, Huygens Building, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525, AJ, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Alinanuswe S Mwakaboko
- Cluster of Organic Chemistry, Huygens Building, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525, AJ, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Chemistry, University of Dar es Salaam, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Chinnaswamy Kannan
- Cluster of Organic Chemistry, Huygens Building, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525, AJ, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- ICAR - Indian Institute of Rice Research, Indian Council of Agricultural Research, Ministery of Agriculture, Government of India, Rajendra Nagar, Hydrabad, India
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406
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Yamaguchi T, Tsuruda Y, Furukawa T, Negishi L, Imura Y, Sakuda S, Yoshimura E, Suzuki M. Synthesis of CdSe Quantum Dots Using Fusarium oxysporum. Materials (Basel) 2016; 9:ma9100855. [PMID: 28773975 PMCID: PMC5456586 DOI: 10.3390/ma9100855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Revised: 09/13/2016] [Accepted: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
CdSe quantum dots are often used in industry as fluorescent materials. In this study, CdSe quantum dots were synthesized using Fusarium oxysporum. The cadmium and selenium concentration, pH, and temperature for the culture of F. oxysporum (Fusarium oxysporum) were optimized for the synthesis, and the CdSe quantum dots obtained from the mycelial cells of F. oxysporum were observed by transmission electron microscopy. Ultra-thin sections of F. oxysporum showed that the CdSe quantum dots were precipitated in the intracellular space, indicating that cadmium and selenium ions were incorporated into the cell and that the quantum dots were synthesized with intracellular metabolites. To reveal differences in F. oxysporum metabolism, cell extracts of F. oxysporum, before and after CdSe synthesis, were compared using sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). The results suggested that the amount of superoxide dismutase (SOD) decreased after CdSe synthesis. Fluorescence microscopy revealed that cytoplasmic superoxide increased significantly after CdSe synthesis. The accumulation of superoxide may increase the expression of various metabolites that play a role in reducing Se4+ to Se2− and inhibit the aggregation of CdSe to make nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takaaki Yamaguchi
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan.
| | - Yoshijiro Tsuruda
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan.
| | - Tomohiro Furukawa
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan.
| | - Lumi Negishi
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, the University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan.
| | - Yuki Imura
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan.
| | - Shohei Sakuda
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan.
| | - Etsuro Yoshimura
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan.
- Faculty of Liberal Arts, the Open University of Japan, 2-11 Wakaba, Mishima-ku, Chiba-city, Chiba 261-8586, Japan.
| | - Michio Suzuki
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan.
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407
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Liu Y, Wisniewski M, Kennedy JF, Jiang Y, Tang J, Liu J. Chitosan and oligochitosan enhance ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) resistance to rhizome rot caused by Fusarium oxysporum in storage. Carbohydr Polym 2016; 151:474-479. [PMID: 27474591 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2016.05.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2016] [Revised: 05/27/2016] [Accepted: 05/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The ability of chitosan and oligochitosan to enhance ginger (Zingiber officinale) resistance to rhizome rot caused by Fusarium oxysporum in storage was investigated. Both chitosan and oligochitosan at 1 and 5g/L significantly inhibited rhizome rot, with the best control at 5g/L. Chitosan and oligochitosan applied at 5g/L also reduced weight loss, measured as a decrease in fresh weight, but did not affect soluble solids content or titratable acidity of rhizomes. The two compounds applied at 5g/L induced β-1,3-glucanase and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase enzyme activity and the transcript levels of their coding genes, as well as the total phenolic compounds in rhizome tissues. Therefore, the ability of chitosan and oligochitosan to reduce rot in stored rhizomes may be associated with their ability to induce defense responses in ginger. These results have practical implications for the application of chitosan and oligochitosan to harvested ginger rhizomes to reduce postharvest losses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiqing Liu
- College of Forestry & Life Science/Institute of Special Plants, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Yongchuan 402160, China; Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Special Plant Seedlings/Garden and Flower Engineering Research Center of Chongqing Colleges/Collabrative Innovatation Center of Special Plant Industry in Chongqing, Yongchuan 402160, China
| | - Michael Wisniewski
- U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS), 2217 Wiltshire Road, Kearneysville, WV 25430, USA
| | - John F Kennedy
- Chembiotech Laboratories, Kyrewood House Tenbury Wells, Worcestershire WR15 8SG, UK
| | - Yusong Jiang
- College of Forestry & Life Science/Institute of Special Plants, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Yongchuan 402160, China; Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Special Plant Seedlings/Garden and Flower Engineering Research Center of Chongqing Colleges/Collabrative Innovatation Center of Special Plant Industry in Chongqing, Yongchuan 402160, China
| | - Jianmin Tang
- College of Forestry & Life Science/Institute of Special Plants, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Yongchuan 402160, China; Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Special Plant Seedlings/Garden and Flower Engineering Research Center of Chongqing Colleges/Collabrative Innovatation Center of Special Plant Industry in Chongqing, Yongchuan 402160, China
| | - Jia Liu
- College of Forestry & Life Science/Institute of Special Plants, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Yongchuan 402160, China; Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Special Plant Seedlings/Garden and Flower Engineering Research Center of Chongqing Colleges/Collabrative Innovatation Center of Special Plant Industry in Chongqing, Yongchuan 402160, China.
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408
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Quiroga D, Becerra LD, Sadat-Bernal J, Vargas N, Coy-Barrera E. Synthesis and Antifungal Activity against Fusarium oxysporum of Some Brassinin Analogs Derived from l-tryptophan: A DFT/B3LYP Study on the Reaction Mechanism. Molecules 2016; 21:molecules21101349. [PMID: 27727186 PMCID: PMC6273850 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21101349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2016] [Revised: 09/26/2016] [Accepted: 10/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
An efficient methodology to obtain novel antifungal analogs of brassinin 1 is described. Starting from l-tryptophan 2, N,N′-dialkylthiourea 4, 4-[(1H-indol-3-yl)methylene]-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-thiazolidin-5-one 5 and alkyl (2S)-3-(1H-indol-3-yl)-2-{[(alkylsulfanyl)carbonothioyl]amino}propanoate 6 type compounds were obtained as main products in different ratios depending on the reaction conditions via a tandem dithiocarbamate formation and Michael addition reaction. In order to understand the dependence of the reaction conditions on the mechanism pathway, a DFT/B3LYP study was performed. The results suggested the existence of competitive mechanistic routes which involve the presence of an ionic dithiocarbamate intermediate 9. Antifungal activities of all products were then evaluated against Fusarium oxysporum through mycelial growth inhibition using a microscale amended-medium assay. IC50 values were thus determined for each compound. These results showed that 6-related compounds can be considered as promissory antifungal agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Quiroga
- Bioorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Facultad de Ciencias Básicas y Aplicadas, Universidad Militar Nueva Granada, Campus Nueva Granada, Cajicá 49300, Colombia.
| | - Lili Dahiana Becerra
- Bioorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Facultad de Ciencias Básicas y Aplicadas, Universidad Militar Nueva Granada, Campus Nueva Granada, Cajicá 49300, Colombia.
| | - John Sadat-Bernal
- Bioorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Facultad de Ciencias Básicas y Aplicadas, Universidad Militar Nueva Granada, Campus Nueva Granada, Cajicá 49300, Colombia.
| | - Nathalia Vargas
- Bioorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Facultad de Ciencias Básicas y Aplicadas, Universidad Militar Nueva Granada, Campus Nueva Granada, Cajicá 49300, Colombia.
| | - Ericsson Coy-Barrera
- Bioorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Facultad de Ciencias Básicas y Aplicadas, Universidad Militar Nueva Granada, Campus Nueva Granada, Cajicá 49300, Colombia.
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409
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Vásquez-López A, Villarreal-Barajas T, Rodríguez-Ortiz G. Effectiveness of Neutral Electrolyzed Water on Incidence of Fungal Rot on Tomato Fruits ( Solanum lycopersicum L.). J Food Prot 2016; 79:1802-1806. [PMID: 28221850 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-15-494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
We assessed the effect of neutral electrolyzed water (NEW) on the incidence of rot on tomato ( Solanum lycopersicum L.) fruits inoculated with Fusarium oxysporum , Galactomyces geotrichum , and Alternaria sp. at sites with lesions. The inoculated fruits were treated with NEW at 10, 30, and 60 mg liter-1 active chlorine, with copper oxychloride fungicide, and with sterile distilled water (control) for 3, 5, and 10 min. In the experiment with F. oxysporum , 50 to 80% of the control fruits and 50 to 60% of the fruits treated with the fungicide exhibited symptoms of rot at the inoculated sites. The lowest incidence recorded was 30% for fruits treated with NEW at 60 mg liter-1 active chlorine with an immersion time of 5 min. In the experiment with G. geotrichum , incidence of rot on control fruits was 70 to 90%, and for treatment with fungicide rot incidence was 50 to 90%. NEW at 60 mg liter-1 active chlorine significantly reduced incidence of symptomatic fruit: only 30% of the inoculated fruits washed for 5 min had damage from rot. In the experiment with Alternaria sp., 60 to 90% of the fruits in the control group and 60 to 70% of the fruits in the fungicide group were symptomatic. The lowest incidence was recorded for the treatment in which the fruits were submerged in NEW with 60 mg liter-1 active chlorine for 3 min. In this group, 40 to 50% of the fruits exhibited symptoms of rot. These results were obtained 8 days after inoculation. NEW, with 60 mg liter-1 active chlorine, significantly reduced incidence of rot symptoms on fruits inoculated with one of the experimental fungi relative to the control (P ≤ 0.05). NEW at 60 mg liter-1 is effective in the control of fungal rot in tomatoes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfonso Vásquez-López
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Centro Interdisciplinario de Investigación para el Desarrollo Integral Regional, Unidad Oaxaca, Hornos 1003, Col. Noche Buena, Santa Cruz Xoxocotlán, C.P. 71230, Oaxaca, México
| | - Tania Villarreal-Barajas
- Esteripharma México S.A. de C.V. Patricio Sanz 1582, Col. del Valle, Del. Benito Juárez, C.P. 03100, D.F., México
| | - Gerardo Rodríguez-Ortiz
- Instituto Tecnológico del Valle de Oaxaca, Ex hacienda de Nazareno, Santa Cruz Xoxocotlán, C.P. 71230, Oaxaca, México
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410
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Jiang Y, Al-Hatmi AMS, Xiang Y, Cao Y, van den Ende AHGG, Curfs-Breuker I, Meis JF, Lu H, de Hoog GS. The Concept of Ecthyma Gangrenosum Illustrated by a Fusarium oxysporum Infection in an Immunocompetent Individual. Mycopathologia 2016; 181:759-63. [PMID: 27324372 PMCID: PMC5014892 DOI: 10.1007/s11046-016-0031-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Ecthyma gangrenosum (EG) involves necrotic cutaneous lesions caused by bacteria, mainly Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and is usually seen in immunocompromised patients with septicemia. However, clinically similar infections have been published with fungi as etiologic agents. We present a case of an EG-like lesion due to Fusarium oxysporum confirmed by clinical diagnosis, culture and molecular identification and discuss the definition of EG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanping Jiang
- Department of Dermatology, The Affiliated Hospital, Guizhou Medical University, PO Box 550001, 4 Beijing Road, Guiyang, China
- CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, PO Box 85167, 3508 AD, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Abdullah M S Al-Hatmi
- CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, PO Box 85167, 3508 AD, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
- Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- Directorate General of Health Services, Ibri Hospital, Ministry of Health, Muscat, Oman.
| | - Yining Xiang
- Departments of Pathology, The Affiliated Hospital, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Yu Cao
- Department of Dermatology, The Affiliated Hospital, Guizhou Medical University, PO Box 550001, 4 Beijing Road, Guiyang, China
| | - Albert H G Gerrits van den Ende
- Department of Dermatology, The Affiliated Hospital, Guizhou Medical University, PO Box 550001, 4 Beijing Road, Guiyang, China
| | - Ilse Curfs-Breuker
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jacques F Meis
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Hongguang Lu
- Department of Dermatology, The Affiliated Hospital, Guizhou Medical University, PO Box 550001, 4 Beijing Road, Guiyang, China.
| | - G Sybren de Hoog
- CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, PO Box 85167, 3508 AD, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Basic Pathology Department, Federal University of Paraná State, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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411
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Nzioki HS, Oyosi F, Morris CE, Kaya E, Pilgeram AL, Baker CS, Sands DC. Striga Biocontrol on a Toothpick: A Readily Deployable and Inexpensive Method for Smallholder Farmers. Front Plant Sci 2016; 7:1121. [PMID: 27551284 PMCID: PMC4976096 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.01121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Striga hermonthica (witchweed) is a parasitic weed that attacks and significantly reduces the yields of maize, sorghum, millet, and sugarcane throughout sub-Saharan Africa. Low cost management methods such as hand weeding, short crop rotations, trap cropping, or conventional biocontrol have not been effective. Likewise, Striga-tolerant or herbicide-resistant maize cultivars are higher yielding, but are often beyond the economic means of sustenance farmers. The fungal pathogen, Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. strigae, has been the object of numerous studies to develop Striga biocontrol. Under experimental conditions this pathogen can reduce the incidence of Striga infestation but field use is not extensive, perhaps because it has not been sufficiently effective in restoring crop yield and reducing the soil Striga seed bank. Here we brought together Kenyan and US crop scientists with smallholder farmers to develop and validate an effective biocontrol strategy for management of Striga on smallholder farms. Key components of this research project were the following: (1) Development of a two-step method of fungal delivery, including laboratory coating of primary inoculum on toothpicks, followed by on-farm production of secondary field inoculum in boiled rice enabling delivery of vigorous, fresh inoculum directly to the seedbed; (2) Training of smallholder farmers (85% women), to produce the biocontrol agent and incorporate it into their maize plantings in Striga-infested soils and collect agronomic data. The field tests expanded from 30 smallholder farmers to a two-season, 500-farmer plot trial including paired plus and minus biocontrol plots with fertilizer and hybrid seed in both plots and; (3) Concerted selection of variants of the pathogen identified for enhanced virulence, as has been demonstrated in other host parasite systems were employed here on Striga via pathogen excretion of the amino acids L-leucine and L-tyrosine that are toxic to Striga but innocuous to maize. This overall strategy resulted in an average of >50% increased maize yield in the March to June rains season and >40% in the September to December rains season. Integration of this enhanced plant pathogen to Striga management in maize can significantly increase the maize yield of smallholder farmers in Kenya.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry S. Nzioki
- Kenya Agriculture and Livestock Research OrganizationMachakos, Kenya
| | | | - Cindy E. Morris
- Plant Pathology, INRA-PACAAvignon, France
- Department of Plant Sciences and Plant Pathology, Montana State UniversityBozeman, MT, USA
| | - Eylul Kaya
- Department of Plant Sciences and Plant Pathology, Montana State UniversityBozeman, MT, USA
| | - Alice L. Pilgeram
- Department of Plant Sciences and Plant Pathology, Montana State UniversityBozeman, MT, USA
| | | | - David C. Sands
- Department of Plant Sciences and Plant Pathology, Montana State UniversityBozeman, MT, USA
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412
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Kumar Y, Zhang L, Panigrahi P, Dholakia BB, Dewangan V, Chavan SG, Kunjir SM, Wu X, Li N, Rajmohanan PR, Kadoo NY, Giri AP, Tang H, Gupta VS. Fusarium oxysporum mediates systems metabolic reprogramming of chickpea roots as revealed by a combination of proteomics and metabolomics. Plant Biotechnol J 2016; 14:1589-603. [PMID: 26801007 PMCID: PMC5066658 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.12522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2015] [Revised: 11/25/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Molecular changes elicited by plants in response to fungal attack and how this affects plant-pathogen interaction, including susceptibility or resistance, remain elusive. We studied the dynamics in root metabolism during compatible and incompatible interactions between chickpea and Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceri (Foc), using quantitative label-free proteomics and NMR-based metabolomics. Results demonstrated differential expression of proteins and metabolites upon Foc inoculations in the resistant plants compared with the susceptible ones. Additionally, expression analysis of candidate genes supported the proteomic and metabolic variations in the chickpea roots upon Foc inoculation. In particular, we found that the resistant plants revealed significant increase in the carbon and nitrogen metabolism; generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), lignification and phytoalexins. The levels of some of the pathogenesis-related proteins were significantly higher upon Foc inoculation in the resistant plant. Interestingly, results also exhibited the crucial role of altered Yang cycle, which contributed in different methylation reactions and unfolded protein response in the chickpea roots against Foc. Overall, the observed modulations in the metabolic flux as outcome of several orchestrated molecular events are determinant of plant's role in chickpea-Foc interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yashwant Kumar
- Division of Biochemical Sciences, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, India
| | - Limin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, National Centre for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Priyabrata Panigrahi
- Division of Biochemical Sciences, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, India
| | - Bhushan B Dholakia
- Division of Biochemical Sciences, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, India
| | - Veena Dewangan
- Division of Biochemical Sciences, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, India
| | - Sachin G Chavan
- Division of Biochemical Sciences, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, India
| | - Shrikant M Kunjir
- Central NMR Facility, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, India
| | - Xiangyu Wu
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, National Centre for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Ning Li
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, National Centre for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | | | - Narendra Y Kadoo
- Division of Biochemical Sciences, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, India
| | - Ashok P Giri
- Division of Biochemical Sciences, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, India
| | - Huiru Tang
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, National Centre for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Metabolomics and Systems Biology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Vidya S Gupta
- Division of Biochemical Sciences, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, India
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413
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Guleria S, Walia A, Chauhan A, Shirkot CK. Molecular characterization of alkaline protease of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens SP1 involved in biocontrol of Fusarium oxysporum. Int J Food Microbiol 2016; 232:134-43. [PMID: 27294522 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2016.05.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Revised: 05/16/2016] [Accepted: 05/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
An alkaline protease gene was amplified from genomic DNA of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens SP1 which was involved in effective biocontrol of Fusarium oxysporum. We investigated the antagonistic capacity of protease of B. amyloliquifaciens SP1, under in vitro conditions. The 5.62 fold purified enzyme with specific activity of 607.69U/mg reported 24.14% growth inhibition of F. oxysporum. However, no antagonistic activity was found after addition of protease inhibitor i.e. PMSF (15mM) to purified enzyme. An 1149bp nucleotide sequence of protease gene encoded 382 amino acids of 43kDa and calculated isoelectric point of 9.29. Analysis of deduced amino acid sequence revealed high homology (86%) with subtilisin E of Bacillus subtilis. The B. amyloliquefaciens SP1 protease gene was expressed in Escherichiax coli BL21. The expressed protease was secreted into culture medium by E. coli and exhibited optimum activity at pH8.0 and 60°C. The most reliable three dimensional structure of alkaline protease was determined using Phyre 2 server which was validated on the basis of Ramachandran plot and ERRAT value. The expression and structure prediction of the enzyme offers potential value for commercial application in agriculture and industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiwani Guleria
- Department of Microbiology, DAV University, Jalandhar, Punjab144012, India.
| | - Abhishek Walia
- Department of Microbiology, DAV University, Jalandhar, Punjab144012, India.
| | - Anjali Chauhan
- Department of Basic Sciences (Microbiology Section), Dr. Y. S. Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan 173230 (H.P.), India.
| | - C K Shirkot
- Department of Basic Sciences (Microbiology Section), Dr. Y. S. Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan 173230 (H.P.), India.
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414
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Kashiwa T, Suzuki T, Sato A, Akai K, Teraoka T, Komatsu K, Arie T. A new biotype of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici race 2 emerged by a transposon-driven mutation of avirulence gene AVR1. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2016; 363:fnw132. [PMID: 27190160 DOI: 10.1093/femsle/fnw132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Emergence of races in Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici (Fol) is caused by loss or mutation of at least one avirulence (AVR) gene. The product of AVR1 is a small protein (Avr1) secreted by Fol in tomato xylem sap during infection. This protein triggers Fol race 1 specific resistance (I) in tomato, indicating that AVR1 is an AVR gene. Deletion of AVR1 in race 1 resulted in the emergence of race 2, and an additional mutation in AVR2 generated race 3. Previously, we reported a new biotype of race 3, KoChi-1, in which AVR1 was truncated by a transposon Hormin, which suggested a new route to evolution of races in Fol However, to date no race 2 isolate carrying Hormin-truncated AVR1 has been reported. In this report, we describe such isolates, represented by Chiba-5, in which Hormin insertion occurred in AVR1 at a position different from that in KoChi-1. AVR1 truncation in both isolates resulted in production of defective Avr1 proteins. Chiba-5 and KoChi-1 belong to different phylogenetic clades, A1 and A2, respectively, suggesting that insertion of Hormin in AVR1 in Chiba-5 and KoChi-1 occurred as independent evolutionary events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Kashiwa
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology (TUAT), Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Suzuki
- Chiba Prefectural Agriculture and Forestry Research Center, 808 Daizenno-cho, Midori-ku, Chiba 266-0006, Japan
| | - Akira Sato
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology (TUAT), Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Kotaro Akai
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology (TUAT), Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Tohru Teraoka
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology (TUAT), Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Ken Komatsu
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology (TUAT), Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Arie
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology (TUAT), Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
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415
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Anasontzis GE, Kourtoglou E, Villas-Boâs SG, Hatzinikolaou DG, Christakopoulos P. Metabolic Engineering of Fusarium oxysporum to Improve Its Ethanol-Producing Capability. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:632. [PMID: 27199958 PMCID: PMC4854878 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.00632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Fusarium oxysporum is one of the few filamentous fungi capable of fermenting ethanol directly from plant cell wall biomass. It has the enzymatic toolbox necessary to break down biomass to its monosaccharides and, under anaerobic and microaerobic conditions, ferments them to ethanol. Although these traits could enable its use in consolidated processes and thus bypass some of the bottlenecks encountered in ethanol production from lignocellulosic material when Saccharomyces cerevisiae is used—namely its inability to degrade lignocellulose and to consume pentoses—two major disadvantages of F. oxysporum compared to the yeast—its low growth rate and low ethanol productivity—hinder the further development of this process. We had previously identified phosphoglucomutase and transaldolase, two major enzymes of glucose catabolism and the pentose phosphate pathway, as possible bottlenecks in the metabolism of the fungus and we had reported the effect of their constitutive production on the growth characteristics of the fungus. In this study, we investigated the effect of their constitutive production on ethanol productivity under anaerobic conditions. We report an increase in ethanol yield and a concomitant decrease in acetic acid production. Metabolomics analysis revealed that the genetic modifications applied did not simply accelerate the metabolic rate of the microorganism; they also affected the relative concentrations of the various metabolites suggesting an increased channeling toward the chorismate pathway, an activation of the γ-aminobutyric acid shunt, and an excess in NADPH regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- George E Anasontzis
- Microbial Biotechnology Unit, Sector of Botany, Department of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Zografou, Greece
| | - Elisavet Kourtoglou
- BIOtechMASS Unit, Biotechnology Laboratory, School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens Zografou, Greece
| | - Silas G Villas-Boâs
- Centre for Microbial Innovation, School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Dimitris G Hatzinikolaou
- Microbial Biotechnology Unit, Sector of Botany, Department of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Zografou, Greece
| | - Paul Christakopoulos
- Biochemical and Chemical Process Engineering, Division of Sustainable Process Engineering, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Luleå University of Technology Luleå, Sweden
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416
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Liu S, Dai H, Orfali RS, Lin W, Liu Z, Proksch P. New Fusaric Acid Derivatives from the Endophytic Fungus Fusarium oxysporum and Their Phytotoxicity to Barley Leaves. J Agric Food Chem 2016; 64:3127-3132. [PMID: 27050289 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b00219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Chemical investigation of the endophytic fungus Fusarium oxysporum isolated from fruits of Drepanocarpus lunatus afforded eight new fusaric acid derivatives, fusaricates A-G, 1-7, and 10-hydroxy-11-chlorofusaric acid, 8, along with four known compounds. Their structures were elucidated by one- and two-dimensional NMR as well as MS data and by comparison with the literature. The absolute configurations of fusaricates C-E, 3-5, were determined using chiral GC-MS. Fusaricates A-G, 1-7, represent the first examples of fusaric acid linked to a polyalcohol moiety via an ester bond. All isolated fusaric acid derivatives 1-8 showed significant phytotoxicity to leaves of barley.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Liu
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology and Biotechnology, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf , Universitätsstrasse 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Haofu Dai
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences , Haikou 571101, China
| | - Raha S Orfali
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Saud University , Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wenhan Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University , Beijing 100191, China
| | - Zhen Liu
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology and Biotechnology, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf , Universitätsstrasse 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Peter Proksch
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology and Biotechnology, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf , Universitätsstrasse 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
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417
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Wojtasik W, Kulma A, Dymińska L, Hanuza J, Czemplik M, Szopa J. Evaluation of the significance of cell wall polymers in flax infected with a pathogenic strain of Fusarium oxysporum. BMC Plant Biol 2016; 16:75. [PMID: 27005923 PMCID: PMC4804541 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-016-0762-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2015] [Accepted: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fusarium oxysporum infection leads to Fusarium-derived wilt, which is responsible for the greatest losses in flax (Linum usitatissimum) crop yield. Plants infected by Fusarium oxysporum show severe symptoms of dehydration due to the growth of the fungus in vascular tissues. As the disease develops, vascular browning and leaf yellowing can be observed. In the case of more virulent strains, plants die. The pathogen's attack starts with secretion of enzymes degrading the host cell wall. The main aim of the study was to evaluate the role of the cell wall polymers in the flax plant response to the infection in order to better understand the process of resistance and develop new ways to protect plants against infection. For this purpose, the expression of genes involved in cell wall polymer metabolism and corresponding polymer levels were investigated in flax seedlings after incubation with Fusarium oxysporum. RESULTS This analysis was facilitated by selecting two groups of genes responding differently to the infection. The first group comprised genes strongly affected by the infection and activated later (phenylalanine ammonia lyase and glucosyltransferase). The second group comprised genes which are slightly affected (up to five times) and their expression vary as the infection progresses. Fusarium oxysporum infection did not affect the contents of cell wall polymers, but changed their structure. CONCLUSION The results suggest that the role of the cell wall polymers in the plant response to Fusarium oxysporum infection is manifested through changes in expression of their genes and rearrangement of the cell wall polymers. Our studies provided new information about the role of cellulose and hemicelluloses in the infection process, the change of their structure and the expression of genes participating in their metabolism during the pathogen infection. We also confirmed the role of pectin and lignin in this process, indicating the major changes at the mRNA level of lignin metabolism genes and the loosening of the pectin structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wioleta Wojtasik
- />Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Przybyszewskiego 63/77, 51-148 Wroclaw, Poland
- />Department of Genetics, Plant Breeding and Seed Production, Faculty of Life Sciences and Technology, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Plant Sciences, Plac Grunwaldzki 24A, 53-363 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Anna Kulma
- />Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Przybyszewskiego 63/77, 51-148 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Lucyna Dymińska
- />Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry and Food Technology, Faculty of Economics and Engineering, University of Economics, Komandorska 118/120, 50-345 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Jerzy Hanuza
- />Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry and Food Technology, Faculty of Economics and Engineering, University of Economics, Komandorska 118/120, 50-345 Wroclaw, Poland
- />Institute of Low Temperatures and Structure Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Okolna 2, 50-422 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Magdalena Czemplik
- />Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Wroclaw, Przybyszewskiego 63/77, 51-148 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Jan Szopa
- />Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Przybyszewskiego 63/77, 51-148 Wroclaw, Poland
- />Department of Genetics, Plant Breeding and Seed Production, Faculty of Life Sciences and Technology, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Plant Sciences, Plac Grunwaldzki 24A, 53-363 Wroclaw, Poland
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418
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Osorio-Guarín JA, Enciso-Rodríguez FE, González C, Fernández-Pozo N, Mueller LA, Barrero LS. Association analysis for disease resistance to Fusarium oxysporum in cape gooseberry (Physalis peruviana L). BMC Genomics 2016; 17:248. [PMID: 26988219 PMCID: PMC4797340 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-016-2568-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2015] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vascular wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum is the most important disease in cape gooseberry (Physalis peruviana L.) in Colombia. The development of resistant cultivars is considered one of the most cost-effective means to reduce the impact of this disease. In order to do so, it is necessary to provide breeders with molecular markers and promising germplasm for introgression of different resistance loci as part of breeding schemes. Here we described an association mapping study in cape gooseberry with the goal to: (i) select promising materials for use in plant breeding and (ii) identify SNPs associated with the cape gooseberry resistance response to the F. oxysporum pathogen under greenhouse conditions, as potential markers for cape gooseberry breeding. RESULTS We found a total of 21 accessions with different resistance responses within a diversity panel of 100 cape gooseberry accessions. A total of 60,663 SNPs were also identified within the same panel by means of GBS (Genotyping By Sequencing). Model-based population structure and neighbor-joining analyses showed three populations comprising the cape gooseberry panel. After correction for population structure and kinship, we identified SNPs markers associated with the resistance response against F. oxysporum. The identification of markers was based on common tags using the reference genomes of tomato and potato as well as the root/stem transcriptome of cape gooseberry. By comparing their location with the tomato genome, 16 SNPs were found in genes involved in defense/resistance response to pathogens, likewise when compared with the genome of potato, 12 markers were related. CONCLUSIONS The work presented herein provides the first association mapping study in cape gooseberry showing both the identification of promising accessions with resistance response phenotypes and the identification of a set of SNP markers mapped to defense/resistance response genes of reference genomes. Thus, the work also provides new knowledge on candidate genes involved in the P. peruviana - F. oxysporum pathosystem as a foundation for further validation in marker-assisted selection. The results have important implications for conservation and breeding strategies in cape gooseberry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaime A. Osorio-Guarín
- />Tibaitatá Research Center, Colombian Corporation for Agricultural Research, Corpoica, Km 14 vía Mosquera, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Felix E. Enciso-Rodríguez
- />Tibaitatá Research Center, Colombian Corporation for Agricultural Research, Corpoica, Km 14 vía Mosquera, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Carolina González
- />Tibaitatá Research Center, Colombian Corporation for Agricultural Research, Corpoica, Km 14 vía Mosquera, Bogotá, Colombia
| | | | | | - Luz Stella Barrero
- />Agrobiodiversity Department, National Direction of Research and Development, Corpoica, Km 14 vía Mosquera, Bogotá, Colombia
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419
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Abstract
Background and Purpose: Fusariosis is a fungal infection often involving the skin. Various species can cause local, focally invasive, or disseminated infections. The routes of entry for Fusarium species include the respiratory tract, gastrointestinal tract, toe nails, trauma to the skin, and indwelling central venous catheter. Case Report: Herein, we present the case of a 35-year-old woman presenting with interdigital intertrigo. The patient had no predisposing factors and she did not take any antifungal agents. Fusiform macroconidia were observed on the slide culture of the fungus. The etiological agent of the infection was identified as Fusarium oxysporum through sequencing of the translation elongation factor-1 alpha (TEF-1α) gene using the primers EF1 and EF2. Conclusion: Fusariosis commonly presents as a severe fungal infection in immunocompromised patients. However, this infection may also occur in immunocompetent patients. Although treatment with amphotericin B is a routine antifungal therapy for fusariosis, many azoles such as cloterimazole can be used topically with fewer side-effects
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Affiliation(s)
- M Bahmaei
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - P Dehghan
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - R Kachuei
- Molecular Biology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - H Babaei
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - R Mohammadi
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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420
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Meyer SLF, Everts KL, Gardener BM, Masler EP, Abdelnabby HME, Skantar AM. Assessment of DAPG-producing Pseudomonas fluorescens for Management of Meloidogyne incognita and Fusarium oxysporum on Watermelon. J Nematol 2016; 48:43-53. [PMID: 27168652 PMCID: PMC4859617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas fluorescens isolates Clinto 1R, Wayne 1R, and Wood 1R, which produce the antibiotic 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol (DAPG), can suppress soilborne diseases and promote plant growth. Consequently, these beneficial bacterial isolates were tested on watermelon plants for suppression of Meloidogyne incognita (root-knot nematode: RKN) and Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveum (Fon). In a greenhouse trial, Wayne 1R root dip suppressed numbers of RKN eggs per gram root on 'Charleston Gray' watermelon by 28.9%. However, in studies focused on 'Sugar Baby' watermelon, which is commercially grown in Maryland, a Wayne 1R root dip did not inhibit RKN reproduction or plant death caused by Fon. When all three isolates were applied as seed coats, plant stand in the greenhouse was reduced up to 60% in treatments that included Fon ± P. fluorescens, and eggs per gram root did not differ among treatments. In a microplot trial with Clinto 1R and Wayne 1R root dips, inoculation with P. fluorescens and/or Fon resulted in shorter vine lengths than treatment with either P. fluorescens isolate plus RKN. Root weights, galling indices, eggs per gram root, and second-stage juvenile (J2) numbers in soil were similar among all RKN-inoculated treatments, and fruit production was not affected by treatment. Plant death was high in all treatments. These studies demonstrated that the tested P. fluorescens isolates resulted in some inhibition of vine growth in the field, and were not effective for enhancing plant vigor or suppressing RKN or Fon on watermelon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan L F Meyer
- USDA, ARS, Nematology Laboratory, Northeast Area, Henry A. Wallace Beltsville Agricultural Research Center (BARC)-West, Beltsville, MD 20705
| | - Kathryne L Everts
- University of Maryland College Park/University of Delaware, The Lower Eastern Shore Research and Education Center, Salisbury, MD 21801
| | - Brian McSpadden Gardener
- Department of Plant Pathology, The Ohio State University, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Wooster, OH 44691
| | - Edward P Masler
- USDA, ARS, Nematology Laboratory, Northeast Area, Henry A. Wallace Beltsville Agricultural Research Center (BARC)-West, Beltsville, MD 20705
| | - Hazem M E Abdelnabby
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Benha University, Qaliubia, Egypt
| | - Andrea M Skantar
- USDA, ARS, Nematology Laboratory, Northeast Area, Henry A. Wallace Beltsville Agricultural Research Center (BARC)-West, Beltsville, MD 20705
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421
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Galindo-González L, Deyholos MK. RNA-seq Transcriptome Response of Flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) to the Pathogenic Fungus Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lini. Front Plant Sci 2016; 7:1766. [PMID: 27933082 PMCID: PMC5121121 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.01766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2016] [Accepted: 11/09/2016] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lini is a hemibiotrophic fungus that causes wilt in flax. Along with rust, fusarium wilt has become an important factor in flax production worldwide. Resistant flax cultivars have been used to manage the disease, but the resistance varies, depending on the interactions between specific cultivars and isolates of the pathogen. This interaction has a strong molecular basis, but no genomic information is available on how the plant responds to attempted infection, to inform breeding programs on potential candidate genes to evaluate or improve resistance across cultivars. In the current study, disease progression in two flax cultivars [Crop Development Center (CDC) Bethune and Lutea], showed earlier disease symptoms and higher susceptibility in the later cultivar. Chitinase gene expression was also divergent and demonstrated and earlier molecular response in Lutea. The most resistant cultivar (CDC Bethune) was used for a full RNA-seq transcriptome study through a time course at 2, 4, 8, and 18 days post-inoculation (DPI). While over 100 genes were significantly differentially expressed at both 4 and 8 DPI, the broadest deployment of plant defense responses was evident at 18 DPI with transcripts of more than 1,000 genes responding to the treatment. These genes evidenced a reception and transduction of pathogen signals, a large transcriptional reprogramming, induction of hormone signaling, activation of pathogenesis-related genes, and changes in secondary metabolism. Among these, several key genes that consistently appear in studies of plant-pathogen interactions, had increased transcript abundance in our study, and constitute suitable candidates for resistance breeding programs. These included: an induced RPMI-induced protein kinase; transcription factors WRKY3, WRKY70, WRKY75, MYB113, and MYB108; the ethylene response factors ERF1 and ERF14; two genes involved in auxin/glucosinolate precursor synthesis (CYP79B2 and CYP79B3); the flavonoid-related enzymes chalcone synthase, dihydroflavonol reductase and multiple anthocyanidin synthases; and a peroxidase implicated in lignin formation (PRX52). Additionally, regulation of some genes indicated potential pathogen manipulation to facilitate infection; these included four disease resistance proteins that were repressed, indole acetic acid amido/amino hydrolases which were upregulated, activated expansins and glucanases, amino acid transporters and aquaporins, and finally, repression of major latex proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michael K. Deyholos
- IK Barber School of Arts and Sciences, University of British Columbia, KelownaBC, Canada
- *Correspondence: Michael K. Deyholos,
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422
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Boba A, Kostyn K, Kostyn A, Wojtasik W, Dziadas M, Preisner M, Szopa J, Kulma A. Methyl Salicylate Level Increase in Flax after Fusarium oxysporum Infection Is Associated with Phenylpropanoid Pathway Activation. Front Plant Sci 2016; 7:1951. [PMID: 28163709 PMCID: PMC5247452 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.01951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2015] [Accepted: 12/08/2016] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Flax (Linum usitatissimum) is a crop plant valued for its oil and fiber. Unfortunately, large losses in cultivation of this plant are caused by fungal infections, with Fusarium oxysporum being one of its most dangerous pathogens. Among the plant's defense strategies, changes in the expression of genes of the shikimate/phenylpropanoid/benzoate pathway and thus in phenolic contents occur. Among the benzoates, salicylic acid, and its methylated form methyl salicylate play an important role in regulating plants' response to stress conditions. Upon treatment of flax plants with the fungus we found that methyl salicylate content increased (4.8-fold of the control) and the expression profiles of the analyzed genes suggest that it is produced most likely from cinnamic acid, through the β-oxidative route. At the same time activation of some genes involved in lignin and flavonoid biosynthesis was observed. We suggest that increased methyl salicylate biosynthesis during flax response to F. oxysporum infection may be associated with phenylpropanoid pathway activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Boba
- Faculty of Biotechnology, University of WrocławWrocław, Poland
| | - Kamil Kostyn
- Faculty of Biotechnology, University of WrocławWrocław, Poland
- *Correspondence: Kamil Kostyn
| | - Anna Kostyn
- Department of Genetics, Institute of Genetics and Microbiology, University of WroclawWroclaw, Poland
| | - Wioleta Wojtasik
- Faculty of Biotechnology, University of WrocławWrocław, Poland
- Department of Genetics, Plant Breeding and Seed Production, Faculty of Life Sciences and Technology, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Plant SciencesWroclaw, Poland
| | - Mariusz Dziadas
- Department of Food Science and Dietetics, Medical University of WroclawWroclaw, Poland
| | - Marta Preisner
- Faculty of Biotechnology, University of WrocławWrocław, Poland
| | - Jan Szopa
- Faculty of Biotechnology, University of WrocławWrocław, Poland
- Department of Genetics, Plant Breeding and Seed Production, Faculty of Life Sciences and Technology, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Plant SciencesWroclaw, Poland
| | - Anna Kulma
- Faculty of Biotechnology, University of WrocławWrocław, Poland
- Anna Kulma
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423
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Di X, Gomila J, Ma L, van den Burg HA, Takken FLW. Uptake of the Fusarium Effector Avr2 by Tomato Is Not a Cell Autonomous Event. Front Plant Sci 2016; 7:1915. [PMID: 28066471 PMCID: PMC5175262 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.01915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2016] [Accepted: 12/02/2016] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Pathogens secrete effector proteins to manipulate the host for their own proliferation. Currently it is unclear whether the uptake of effector proteins from extracellular spaces is a host autonomous process. We study this process using the Avr2 effector protein from Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici (Fol). Avr2 is an important virulence factor that is secreted into the xylem sap of tomato following infection. Besides that, it is also an avirulence factor triggering immune responses in plants carrying the I-2 resistance gene. Recognition of Avr2 by I-2 occurs inside the plant nucleus. Here, we show that pathogenicity of an Avr2 knockout Fusarium (FolΔAvr2) strain is fully complemented on transgenic tomato lines that express either a secreted (Avr2) or cytosolic Avr2 (ΔspAvr2) protein, indicating that Avr2 exerts its virulence functions inside the host cells. Furthermore, our data imply that secreted Avr2 is taken up from the extracellular spaces in the presence of the fungus. Grafting studies were performed in which scions of I-2 tomato plants were grafted onto either a ΔspAvr2 or on an Avr2 rootstock. Although the Avr2 protein could readily be detected in the xylem sap of the grafted plant tissues, no I-2-mediated immune responses were induced suggesting that I-2-expressing tomato cells cannot autonomously take up the effector protein from the xylem sap. Additionally, ΔspAvr2 and Avr2 plants were crossed with I-2 plants. Whereas ΔspAvr2/I-2 F1 plants showed a constitutive immune response, immunity was not triggered in the Avr2/I-2 plants confirming that Avr2 is not autonomously taken up from the extracellular spaces to trigger I-2. Intriguingly, infiltration of Agrobacterium tumefaciens in leaves of Avr2/I-2 plants triggered I-2 mediated cell death, which indicates that Agrobacterium triggers effector uptake. To test whether, besides Fol, effector uptake could also be induced by other fungal pathogens the ΔspAvr2 and Avr2 transgenic lines were inoculated with Verticillium dahliae. Whereas ΔspAvr2 plants became hyper-susceptible to infection, no difference in disease development was found in the Avr2 plants as compared to wild-type plants. These data suggest that effector uptake is not a host autonomous process and that Fol and A. tumefaciens, but not V. dahliae, facilitate Avr2 uptake by tomato cells from extracellular spaces.
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424
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Miguel-Rojas C, Hera C. The F-box protein Fbp1 functions in the invasive growth and cell wall integrity mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways in Fusarium oxysporum. Mol Plant Pathol 2016; 17:55-64. [PMID: 25808603 PMCID: PMC6638410 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.12259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
F-box proteins determine substrate specificity of the ubiquitin-proteasome system. Previous work has demonstrated that the F-box protein Fbp1, a component of the SCF(Fbp1) E3 ligase complex, is essential for invasive growth and virulence of the fungal plant pathogen Fusarium oxysporum. Here, we show that, in addition to invasive growth, Fbp1 also contributes to vegetative hyphal fusion and fungal adhesion to tomato roots. All of these functions have been shown previously to require the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) Fmk1. We found that Fbp1 is required for full phosphorylation of Fmk1, indicating that Fbp1 regulates virulence and invasive growth via the Fmk1 pathway. Moreover, the Δfbp1 mutant is hypersensitive to sodium dodecylsulfate (SDS) and calcofluor white (CFW) and shows reduced phosphorylation levels of the cell wall integrity MAPK Mpk1 after SDS treatment. Collectively, these results suggest that Fbp1 contributes to both the invasive growth and cell wall integrity MAPK pathways of F. oxysporum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Miguel-Rojas
- Departamento de Genética, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Córdoba, 14071, Córdoba, Spain
- Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario ceiA3, 14071, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Concepcion Hera
- Departamento de Genética, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Córdoba, 14071, Córdoba, Spain
- Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario ceiA3, 14071, Córdoba, Spain
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425
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Kim YG, Kang HK, Kwon KD, Seo CH, Lee HB, Park Y. Antagonistic Activities of Novel Peptides from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens PT14 against Fusarium solani and Fusarium oxysporum. J Agric Food Chem 2015; 63:10380-10387. [PMID: 26496638 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b04068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Bacillus species have recently drawn attention due to their potential use in the biological control of fungal diseases. This paper reports on the antifungal activity of novel peptides isolated from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens PT14. Reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography revealed that B. amyloliquefaciens PT14 produces five peptides (PT14-1, -2, -3, -4a, and -4b) that exhibit antifungal activity but are inactive against bacterial strains. In particular, PT14-3 and PT14-4a showed broad-spectrum antifungal activity against Fusarium solani and Fusarium oxysporum. The PT14-4a N-terminal amino acid sequence was identified through Edman degradation, and a BLAST homology analysis showed it not to be identical to any other protein or peptide. PT14-4a displayed strong fungicidal activity with minimal inhibitory concentrations of 3.12 mg/L (F. solani) and 6.25 mg/L (F. oxysporum), inducing severe morphological deformation in the conidia and hyphae. On the other hand, PT14-4a had no detectable hemolytic activity. This suggests PT14-4a has the potential to serve as an antifungal agent in clinical therapeutic and crop-protection applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Gwon Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science, Chosun University , Gwangju 61452, Korea
| | - Hee Kyoung Kang
- Department of Biomedical Science, Chosun University , Gwangju 61452, Korea
| | - Kee-Deok Kwon
- Department of Bioinformatics, Kongju National University , Kongju 32588, Korea
| | - Chang Ho Seo
- Department of Bioinformatics, Kongju National University , Kongju 32588, Korea
| | - Hyang Burm Lee
- College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonnam National University , Gwangju 61186, Korea
| | - Yoonkyung Park
- Department of Biomedical Science, Chosun University , Gwangju 61452, Korea
- Research Center for Proteineous Materials, Chosun University , Gwangju 61452, Korea
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426
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Du N, Shi L, Du L, Yuan Y, Li B, Sang T, Sun J, Shu S, Guo S. Effect of vinegar residue compost amendments on cucumber growth and Fusarium wilt. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2015; 22:19133-41. [PMID: 26250808 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-4816-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2015] [Accepted: 05/29/2015] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Fusarium wilt of cucumber caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cucumerinum J. H. Owen is one of the major destructive soilborne diseases and results in considerable yield losses. Methyl bromide was once the most effective disease control method but has been confirmed as harmful to the environment. Using suppressive media as biological controls to assist crop growth is becoming popular. In this study, Fusarium wilt of cucumber was successfully controlled by a newly identified suppressive media: vinegar residue compost-amended media (vinegar residue compost mixed with peat and vermiculite in a 6:3:1 ratio (v/v) vinegar residue substrate (VRS). Greenhouse experiments were carried out to evaluate the effect of VRS on the growth of cucumber seedlings and disease suppression. The control was peat/vermiculite (2:1, v/v). To identify the mixed media most suitable for the growth of plants and their suppressiveness indicators, we evaluated the biological characteristics of cucumber, the physicochemical and biochemical properties of the growth media, and the enzyme activities. Total organic C (C(org)), microbial biomass C (C(mic)), basal respiration (R(mic)), and enzyme (catalase, invertase, urease, proteinase, phosphatase, β-glucosidase, and hydrolysis of fluorescein diacetate) activities increased significantly after vinegar waste compost amendment. The compost media also showed a significantly positive effect on the growth of cucumber seedlings and the suppression of the disease severity index (DSI, 38% reduction). The cucumber rhizosphere population of F. oxysporum f. sp. cucumerinum (FOC) was significantly lower in VRS than in the control. These results demonstrate convincingly that vinegar residue compost-amended media has a beneficial effect on cucumber growth and could be applied as a method for biological control of cucumber Fusarium wilt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nanshan Du
- Key Laboratory of Southern Vegetable Crop Genetic Improvement in Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agriculture University, No 6. Tongwei Road, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Lu Shi
- Key Laboratory of Southern Vegetable Crop Genetic Improvement in Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agriculture University, No 6. Tongwei Road, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Lantian Du
- Key Laboratory of Southern Vegetable Crop Genetic Improvement in Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agriculture University, No 6. Tongwei Road, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Yinghui Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Southern Vegetable Crop Genetic Improvement in Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agriculture University, No 6. Tongwei Road, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Bin Li
- Key Laboratory of Southern Vegetable Crop Genetic Improvement in Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agriculture University, No 6. Tongwei Road, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Ting Sang
- Key Laboratory of Southern Vegetable Crop Genetic Improvement in Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agriculture University, No 6. Tongwei Road, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Jin Sun
- Key Laboratory of Southern Vegetable Crop Genetic Improvement in Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agriculture University, No 6. Tongwei Road, Nanjing, 210095, China
- Facility Horticulture Institute, Nanjing Agricultural University, Suqian, 223800, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Sheng Shu
- Key Laboratory of Southern Vegetable Crop Genetic Improvement in Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agriculture University, No 6. Tongwei Road, Nanjing, 210095, China
- Facility Horticulture Institute, Nanjing Agricultural University, Suqian, 223800, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Shirong Guo
- Key Laboratory of Southern Vegetable Crop Genetic Improvement in Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agriculture University, No 6. Tongwei Road, Nanjing, 210095, China.
- Facility Horticulture Institute, Nanjing Agricultural University, Suqian, 223800, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China.
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427
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Diongue K, Sow AS, Nguer M, Seck MC, Ndiaye M, Badiane AS, Ndiaye JM, Ndoye NW, Diallo MA, Diop A, Ndiaye YD, Dieye B, Déme A, Ndiaye IM, Ndir O, Ndiaye D. [Keratomycosis due to Fusarium oxysporum treated with the combination povidone iodine eye drops and oral fluconazole]. J Mycol Med 2015; 25:e134-7. [PMID: 26597147 DOI: 10.1016/j.mycmed.2015.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2015] [Revised: 10/02/2015] [Accepted: 10/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In developing countries where systemic antifungal are often unavailable, treatment of filamentous fungi infection as Fusarium is sometimes very difficult to treat. We report the case of a keratomycosis due to Fusarium oxysporum treated by povidone iodine eye drops and oral fluconazole. The diagnosis of abscess in the cornea was retained after ophthalmological examination for a 28-year-old man with no previous ophthalmological disease, addressed to the Ophthalmological clinic at the University Hospital Le Dantec in Dakar for a left painful red eye with decreased visual acuity lasting for 15 days. The patient did not receive any foreign body into the eye. Samples by corneal scraping were made for microbiological analysis and the patient was hospitalized and treated with a reinforced eye drops based treatment (ceftriaxone+gentamicin). The mycological diagnosis revealed the presence of a mold: F. oxysporum, which motivated the replacement of the initial treatment by eye drops containing iodized povidone solution at 1% because of the amphotericin B unavailability. Due to the threat of visual loss, oral fluconazole was added to the local treatment with eye drops povidone iodine. The outcome was favorable with a healing abscess and visual acuity amounted to 1/200th. Furthermore, we noted sequels such as pannus and pillowcase. The vulgarization of efficient topical antifungal in developing countries would be necessary to optimize fungal infection treatment.
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428
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Corral-Ramos C, Roca MG, Di Pietro A, Roncero MIG, Ruiz-Roldán C. Autophagy contributes to regulation of nuclear dynamics during vegetative growth and hyphal fusion in Fusarium oxysporum. Autophagy 2015; 11:131-44. [PMID: 25560310 DOI: 10.4161/15548627.2014.994413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In the fungal pathogen Fusarium oxysporum, vegetative hyphal fusion triggers nuclear mitotic division in the invading hypha followed by migration of a nucleus into the receptor hypha and degradation of the resident nucleus. Here we examined the role of autophagy in fusion-induced nuclear degradation. A search of the F. oxysporum genome database for autophagy pathway components identified putative orthologs of 16 core autophagy-related (ATG) genes in yeast, including the ubiquitin-like protein Atg8, which is required for the formation of autophagosomal membranes. F. oxysporum Foatg8Δ mutants were generated in a strain harboring H1-cherry fluorescent protein (ChFP)-labeled nuclei to facilitate analysis of nuclear dynamics. The Foatg8Δ mutants did not show MDC-positive staining in contrast to the wild type and the FoATG8-complemented (cFoATG8) strain, suggesting that FoAtg8 is required for autophagy in F. oxysporum. The Foatg8Δ strains displayed reduced rates of hyphal growth, conidiation, and fusion, and were significantly attenuated in virulence on tomato plants and in the nonvertebrate animal host Galleria mellonella. In contrast to wild-type hyphae, which are almost exclusively composed of uninucleated hyphal compartments, the hyphae of the Foatg8Δ mutants contained a significant fraction of hyphal compartments with 2 or more nuclei. The increase in the number of nuclei per hyphal compartment was particularly evident after hyphal fusion events. Time-lapse microscopy analyses revealed abnormal mitotic patterns during vegetative growth in the Foatg8Δ mutants. Our results suggest that autophagy mediates nuclear degradation after hyphal fusion and has a general function in the control of nuclear distribution in F. oxysporum.
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Key Words
- Atg, autophagy-related
- BLAST, basic local alignment search tool
- CFW, calcofluor white
- ChFP, cherry fluorescent protein
- DIC, differential interference contrast
- Fusarium oxysporum
- GFP, green fluorescent protein
- HygR, hygromycin resistant
- MDC, monodansylcadaverine
- ORF, open reading frame
- PCR, polymerase chain reaction
- PDA, potato dextrose agar
- PDB, potato dextrose broth
- PMSF, phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride
- SM, synthetic medium
- WT, wild-type
- autophagy
- filamentous fungi
- gDNA, genomic DNA
- hyphal fusion
- nuclear dynamics
- virulence
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Corral-Ramos
- a Departamento de Genética; Universidad de Córdoba; Campus de Excelencia Agroalimentario ; Córdoba , Spain
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Ma L, Houterman PM, Gawehns F, Cao L, Sillo F, Richter H, Clavijo-Ortiz MJ, Schmidt SM, Boeren S, Vervoort J, Cornelissen BJC, Rep M, Takken FLW. The AVR2-SIX5 gene pair is required to activate I-2-mediated immunity in tomato. New Phytol 2015; 208:507-18. [PMID: 25967461 DOI: 10.1111/nph.13455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2015] [Accepted: 04/09/2015] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Plant-invading microbes betray their presence to a plant by exposure of antigenic molecules such as small, secreted proteins called 'effectors'. In Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici (Fol) we identified a pair of effector gene candidates, AVR2-SIX5, whose expression is controlled by a shared promoter. The pathogenicity of AVR2 and SIX5 Fol knockouts was assessed on susceptible and resistant tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) plants carrying I-2. The I-2 NB-LRR protein confers resistance to Fol races carrying AVR2. Like Avr2, Six5 was found to be required for full virulence on susceptible plants. Unexpectedly, each knockout could breach I-2-mediated disease resistance. So whereas Avr2 is sufficient to induce I-2-mediated cell death, Avr2 and Six5 are both required for resistance. Avr2 and Six5 interact in yeast two-hybrid assays as well as in planta. Six5 and Avr2 accumulate in xylem sap of plants infected with the reciprocal knockouts, showing that lack of I-2 activation is not due to a lack of Avr2 accumulation in the SIX5 mutant. The effector repertoire of a pathogen determines its host specificity and its ability to manipulate plant immunity. Our findings challenge an oversimplified interpretation of the gene-for-gene model by showing requirement of two fungal genes for immunity conferred by one resistance gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisong Ma
- Molecular Plant Pathology, SILS, Faculty of Science, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Petra M Houterman
- Molecular Plant Pathology, SILS, Faculty of Science, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Fleur Gawehns
- Molecular Plant Pathology, SILS, Faculty of Science, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Lingxue Cao
- Molecular Plant Pathology, SILS, Faculty of Science, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Fabiano Sillo
- Molecular Plant Pathology, SILS, Faculty of Science, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, University of Turin, I-10095, Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Hanna Richter
- Molecular Plant Pathology, SILS, Faculty of Science, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Myriam J Clavijo-Ortiz
- Molecular Plant Pathology, SILS, Faculty of Science, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Sarah M Schmidt
- Molecular Plant Pathology, SILS, Faculty of Science, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Sjef Boeren
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Wageningen University, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Jacques Vervoort
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Wageningen University, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Ben J C Cornelissen
- Molecular Plant Pathology, SILS, Faculty of Science, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Martijn Rep
- Molecular Plant Pathology, SILS, Faculty of Science, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Frank L W Takken
- Molecular Plant Pathology, SILS, Faculty of Science, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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430
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Prasannakumar SP, Gowtham HG, Hariprasad P, Shivaprasad K, Niranjana SR. Delftia tsuruhatensis WGR-UOM-BT1, a novel rhizobacterium with PGPR properties from Rauwolfia serpentina (L.) Benth. ex Kurz also suppresses fungal phytopathogens by producing a new antibiotic-AMTM. Lett Appl Microbiol 2015; 61:460-8. [PMID: 26258398 DOI: 10.1111/lam.12479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2015] [Revised: 06/30/2015] [Accepted: 07/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The bacterial strain designated as WGR-UOM-BT1 isolated from rhizosphere of Rauwolfia serpentina exhibited broad-spectrum antifungal activity and also improved early plant growth. Based on morphological, biochemical and 16S rRNA gene sequence analyses, the strain BT1 was identified as Delftia tsuruhatensis (KF727978). Under in vitro conditions, the strain BT1 suppressed the growth of wide range of fungal phytopathogens. Purified antimicrobial metabolite from the strain BT1 was identified as nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compound, 'amino(5-(4-methoxyphenyl)-2-methyl-2-(thiophen-2-yl)-2,3-dihydrofuran-3-yl)methanol' (AMTM), with molecular mass of 340•40 and molecular formula of C17 H19 NO3 S. The strain BT1 was positive for rhizosphere colonization (tomato), IAA production, 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) deaminase activity and phosphate solubilization. Under laboratory and greenhouse conditions, the strain BT1 promoted plant growth and suppressed foliar and root fungal pathogens of tomato. Therefore, antimicrobial and disease protection properties of strain BT1 could serve as an effective biological control candidate against devastating fungal pathogens of vegetable plants. Besides, the production of IAA, P solubilization and ACC deaminase activity enhance its potential as a biofertilizer and may stabilize the plant performance under fluctuating environmental conditions. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY In this study, we reported that Delftia tsuruhatensis WGR-UOM-BT1 strain has the plant growth promotion activities such as rhizosphere colonization (tomato), IAA production, 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) deaminase activity and phosphate solubilization. This bacterial strain was found producing an antimicrobial nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compound identified as 'amino(5-(4-methoxyphenyl)-2-methyl-2-(thiophen-2-yl)-2,3-dihydrofuran-3-yl)methanol' [C17 H19 NO3 S] (AMTM), which is new to the bacterial world.
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Affiliation(s)
- S P Prasannakumar
- Department of Studies in Biotechnology, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysore, Karnataka, India
| | - H G Gowtham
- Department of Studies in Biotechnology, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysore, Karnataka, India
| | - P Hariprasad
- Centre for Rural Development and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi, India
| | - K Shivaprasad
- Manipal Centre for Natural Sciences, Manipal University, Manipal, Udupi, Karnataka, India
| | - S R Niranjana
- Department of Studies in Biotechnology, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysore, Karnataka, India
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431
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Abstract
Multiple studies confirm laccase role in fungal pathogenicity and lignocellulose degradation. In spite of broad genomic research, laccases from plant wilt pathogen Fusarium oxysporum are still not characterized. The study aimed to identify F. oxysporum genes that may encode laccases sensu stricto and to characterize the proteins in silico in order to facilitate further research on their impact on the mentioned processes. Twelve sequenced F. oxysporum genomes available on Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT (2015) website were analyzed and three genes that may encode laccases sensu stricto were found. Their amino acid sequences possess all features essential for their catalytic activity, moreover, the homology models proved the characteristic 3D laccase structures. The study shades light on F. oxysporum as a new source of multicopper oxidases, enzymes with possible high redox potential and broad perspective in biotechnological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Kwiatos
- Institute of Technical Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Lodz University of Technology Lodz, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Ryngajłło
- Institute of Technical Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Lodz University of Technology Lodz, Poland
| | - Stanisław Bielecki
- Institute of Technical Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Lodz University of Technology Lodz, Poland
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432
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Cutuli M, Gibello A, Rodriguez-Bertos A, Blanco MM, Villarroel M, Giraldo A, Guarro J. Skin and subcutaneous mycoses in tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) caused by Fusarium oxysporum in coinfection with Aeromonas hydrophila. Med Mycol Case Rep 2015; 9:7-11. [PMID: 26155462 PMCID: PMC4491647 DOI: 10.1016/j.mmcr.2015.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2015] [Revised: 06/04/2015] [Accepted: 06/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Subcutaneous mycoses in freshwater fish are rare infections usually caused by oomycetes of the genus Saprolegnia and some filamentous fungi. To date, Fusarium infections in farmed fish have only been described in marine fish. Here, we report the presence of Fusarium oxysporum in subcutaneous lesions of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Histopathologic evaluation revealed granuloma formation with fungal structures, and the identity of the etiological agent was demonstrated by morphological and molecular analyses. Some of the animals died as a result of systemic coinfection with Aeromonas hydrophila.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Teresa Cutuli
- Department of Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Complutense University, Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - Alicia Gibello
- Department of Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Complutense University, Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - Antonio Rodriguez-Bertos
- Department of Internal Medicine and Animal Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Complutense University, Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - M. Mar Blanco
- Department of Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Complutense University, Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - Morris Villarroel
- Department of Animal Science, E.T.S.I.A. Polytechnic University of Madrid, Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - Alejandra Giraldo
- Mycology Unit, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus 43201, Spain
| | - Josep Guarro
- Mycology Unit, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus 43201, Spain
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433
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van Diepeningen AD, Feng P, Ahmed S, Sudhadham M, Bunyaratavej S, de Hoog GS. Spectrum of Fusarium infections in tropical dermatology evidenced by multilocus sequencing typing diagnostics. Mycoses 2015; 58:48-57. [PMID: 25530264 DOI: 10.1111/myc.12273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2014] [Revised: 09/17/2014] [Accepted: 10/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Fusarium species are emerging causative agents of superficial, cutaneous and systemic human infections. In a study of the prevalence and genetic diversity of 464 fungal isolates from a dermatological ward in Thailand, 44 strains (9.5%) proved to belong to the genus Fusarium. Species identification was based on sequencing a portion of translation elongation factor 1-alpha (tef1-α), rDNA internal transcribed spacer and RNA-dependent polymerase subunit II (rpb2). Our results revealed that 37 isolates (84%) belonged to the Fusarium solani species complex (FSSC), one strain matched with Fusarium oxysporum (FOSC) complex 33, while six others belonged to the Fusarium incarnatum-equiseti species complex. Within the FSSC two predominant clusters represented Fusarium falciforme and recently described F. keratoplasticum. No gender differences in susceptibility to Fusarium were noted, but infections on the right side of the body prevailed. Eighty-nine per cent of the Fusarium isolates were involved in onychomycosis, while the remaining ones caused paronychia or severe tinea pedis. Comparing literature data, superficial infections by FSSC appear to be prevalent in Asia and Latin America, whereas FOSC is more common in Europe. The available data suggest that Fusarium is a common opportunistic human pathogens in tropical areas and has significant genetic variation worldwide.
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434
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Perez-Nadales E, Di Pietro A. The transmembrane protein Sho1 cooperates with the mucin Msb2 to regulate invasive growth and plant infection in Fusarium oxysporum. Mol Plant Pathol 2015; 16:593-603. [PMID: 25382187 PMCID: PMC6638380 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.12217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
In the vascular wilt pathogen Fusarium oxysporum, the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) Fmk1 is essential for plant infection. The mucin-like membrane protein Msb2 regulates a subset of Fmk1-dependent functions. Here, we examined the role of the tetraspan transmembrane protein Sho1 as an additional regulator of the Fmk1 pathway and determined its genetic interaction with Msb2. Targeted Δsho1 mutants were generated in wild-type and Δmsb2 backgrounds to test possible interactions between the two genes. The mutants were examined for hyphal growth under different stress conditions, phosphorylation of the MAPK Fmk1 and an array of Fmk1-dependent virulence functions. Similar to Msb2, Sho1 was required for the activation of Fmk1 phosphorylation, as well as Fmk1-dependent gene expression and invasive growth functions, including extracellular pectinolytic activity, cellophane penetration, plant tissue colonization and virulence on tomato plants. Δsho1 mutants were hypersensitive to the cell wall-perturbing compound Calcofluor White, and this phenotype was exacerbated in the Δmsb2 Δsho1 double mutant. These results highlight that Sho1 and Msb2 have partially overlapping functions upstream of the Fmk1 MAPK cascade, to promote invasive growth and plant infection, as well as cell wall integrity, in F. oxysporum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Perez-Nadales
- Departamento de Genética and Campus de Excelencia Agroalimentario (ceiA3), Universidad de Córdoba, 14071, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Antonio Di Pietro
- Departamento de Genética and Campus de Excelencia Agroalimentario (ceiA3), Universidad de Córdoba, 14071, Córdoba, Spain
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435
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Li Y, Cai L, Dong JW, Xing Y, Duan WH, Zhou H, Ding ZT. Innovative Approach to the Accumulation of Rubrosterone by Fermentation of Asparagus filicinus with Fusarium oxysporum. J Agric Food Chem 2015; 63:6596-602. [PMID: 26145461 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b02570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Rubrosterone, possessing various remarkable bioactivities, is an insect-molting C19-steroid. However, only very small amounts are available for biological tests due to its limited content from plant sources. Fungi of genus Fusarium have been reported to have the ability to convert C27-steroids into C19-steroids. In this study, Asparagus filicinus, containing a high content of 20-hydroxyecdysone, was utilized to accumulate rubrosterone through solid fermentation by Fusarium oxysporum. The results showed that F. oxysporum had the ability to facilitate the complete biotransformation of 20-hydroxyecdysone to rubrosterone by solid-state fermentation. The present method could be an innovative and efficient approach to accumulate rubrosterone with an outstanding conversion ratio.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Li
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Nature Resource, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan 650091, People's Republic of China
| | - Le Cai
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Nature Resource, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan 650091, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-Wei Dong
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Nature Resource, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan 650091, People's Republic of China
| | - Yun Xing
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Nature Resource, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan 650091, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei-He Duan
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Nature Resource, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan 650091, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Nature Resource, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan 650091, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhong-Tao Ding
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Nature Resource, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan 650091, People's Republic of China
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436
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Akhter A, Hage-Ahmed K, Soja G, Steinkellner S. Compost and biochar alter mycorrhization, tomato root exudation, and development of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici. Front Plant Sci 2015; 6:529. [PMID: 26217373 PMCID: PMC4498038 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.00529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2015] [Accepted: 06/29/2015] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Soil amendments like compost and biochar are known to affect soil properties, plant growth as well as soil borne plant pathogens. Complex interactions based on microbial activity and abiotic characteristics are supposed to be responsible for suppressive properties of certain substrates, however, the specific mechanisms of action are still widely unknown. In the present study, the main focus was on the development of the soil borne pathogen, Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici (Fol) in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) and changes in root exudates of tomato plants grown in different soil substrate compositions, such as compost (Comp) alone at application rate of 20% (v/v), and in combination with wood biochar (WB; made from beech wood chips) or green waste biochar (GWB; made from garden waste residues) at application rate of 3% (v/v), and/or with additional arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF). The association of GWB and AMF had a positive effect on tomato plants growth unlike to the plants grown in WB containing a soil substrate. The AMF root colonization was not enhanced by the addition of WB or GWB in the soil substrate, though a bio-protective effect of mycorrhization was evident in both biochar amended treatments against Fol. Compost and biochars altered root exudates differently, which is evident from variable response of in vitro growth and development of Fol. The microconidia germination was highest in root exudates from plants grown in the soil containing compost and GWB, whereas root exudates of plants from a substrate containing WB suppressed the mycelial growth and development of Fol. In conclusion, the plant growth response and disease suppression in biochar containing substrates with additional AMF was affected by the feedstock type. Moreover, application of compost and biochars in the soil influence the quality and composition of root exudates with respect to their effects on soil-dwelling fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adnan Akhter
- Division of Plant Protection, Department of Crop Sciences, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences ViennaTulln, Austria
| | - Karin Hage-Ahmed
- Division of Plant Protection, Department of Crop Sciences, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences ViennaTulln, Austria
| | - Gerhard Soja
- Department of Health and Environment, Austrian Institute of TechnologyTulln, Austria
| | - Siegrid Steinkellner
- Division of Plant Protection, Department of Crop Sciences, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences ViennaTulln, Austria
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437
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Wennman A, Magnuson A, Hamberg M, Oliw EH. Manganese lipoxygenase of F. oxysporum and the structural basis for biosynthesis of distinct 11-hydroperoxy stereoisomers. J Lipid Res 2015; 56:1606-15. [PMID: 26113537 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m060178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The biosynthesis of jasmonates in plants is initiated by 13S-lipoxygenase (LOX), but details of jasmonate biosynthesis by fungi, including Fusarium oxysporum, are unknown. The genome of F. oxysporum codes for linoleate 13S-LOX (FoxLOX) and for F. oxysporum manganese LOX (Fo-MnLOX), an uncharacterized homolog of 13R-MnLOX of Gaeumannomyces graminis. We expressed Fo-MnLOX and compared its properties to Cg-MnLOX from Colletotrichum gloeosporioides. Electron paramagnetic resonance and metal analysis showed that Fo-MnLOX contained catalytic Mn. Fo-MnLOX oxidized 18:2n-6 mainly to 11R-hydroperoxyoctadecadienoic acid (HPODE), 13S-HPODE, and 9(S/R)-HPODE, whereas Cg-MnLOX produced 9S-, 11S-, and 13R-HPODE with high stereoselectivity. The 11-hydroperoxides did not undergo the rapid β-fragmentation earlier observed with 13R-MnLOX. Oxidation of [11S-(2)H]18:2n-6 by Cg-MnLOX was accompanied by loss of deuterium and a large kinetic isotope effect (>30). The Fo-MnLOX-catalyzed oxidation occurred with retention of the (2)H-label. Fo-MnLOX also oxidized 1-lineoyl-2-hydroxy-glycero-3-phosphatidylcholine. The predicted active site of all MnLOXs contains Phe except for Ser(348) in this position of Fo-MnLOX. The Ser348Phe mutant of Fo-MnLOX oxidized 18:2n-6 to the same major products as Cg-MnLOX. Our results suggest that Fo-MnLOX, with support of Ser(348), binds 18:2n-6 so that the proR rather than the proS hydrogen at C-11 interacts with the metal center, but retains the suprafacial oxygenation mechanism observed in other MnLOXs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anneli Wennman
- Division of Biochemical Pharmacology, Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala University Biomedical Center, SE-75124 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ann Magnuson
- Department of Chemistry, Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, SE-75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Mats Hamberg
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, SE-17177 Solna, Sweden
| | - Ernst H Oliw
- Division of Biochemical Pharmacology, Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala University Biomedical Center, SE-75124 Uppsala, Sweden
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438
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Choi IY, Kim JH, Lee WH, Park JH, Shin HD. First Report on Fusarium Wilt of Zucchini Caused by Fusarium oxysporum, in Korea. Mycobiology 2015; 43:174-178. [PMID: 26190927 PMCID: PMC4505008 DOI: 10.5941/myco.2015.43.2.174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2015] [Revised: 05/04/2015] [Accepted: 06/11/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Fusarium wilt of zucchini in Jeonju, Korea, was first noticed in May 2013. Symptoms included wilting of the foliage, drying and withering of older leaves, and stunting of plants. Infected plants eventually died during growth. Based on morphological characteristics and phylogenetic analyses of the molecular markers (internal transcribed spacer rDNA and translation elongation factor 1α), the fungus was identified as Fusarium oxysporum. Pathogenicity of a representative isolate was demonstrated via artificial inoculation, and it satisfied Koch's postulates. To our knowledge, this is the first report of F. oxysporum causing wilt of zucchini in Korea.
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Affiliation(s)
- In-Young Choi
- Jeollabuk-do Agricultural Research and Extension Services, Iksan 570-704, Korea
| | - Ju-Hee Kim
- Jeollabuk-do Agricultural Research and Extension Services, Iksan 570-704, Korea
| | - Wang-Hyu Lee
- Department of Agricultural Biology and Plant Medical Center, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 561-765, Korea
| | - Ji-Hyun Park
- Division of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 136-701, Korea
| | - Hyeon-Dong Shin
- Division of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 136-701, Korea
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439
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Król P, Igielski R, Pollmann S, Kępczyńska E. Priming of seeds with methyl jasmonate induced resistance to hemi-biotroph Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici in tomato via 12-oxo-phytodienoic acid, salicylic acid, and flavonol accumulation. J Plant Physiol 2015; 179:122-32. [PMID: 25867625 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2015.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2014] [Revised: 12/09/2014] [Accepted: 01/22/2015] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Methyl jasmonate (MeJA) was tested by seed treatment for its ability to protect tomato seedlings against fusarium wilt caused by the soil-borne fungal pathogen Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici. Isolated from Solanum lycopersicon L. seeds, cv. Beta fungus was identified as F. oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici Race 3 fungus by using phytopathological and molecular methods. MeJA applied at 0.01, 0.1 and 1 mM reduced spore germination and mycelial growth in vitro. Soaking of tomato seeds in MeJA solution at 0.1 mM for 1 h significantly enhanced the resistance level against the tested fungus in tomato seedlings 4 weeks after inoculation. The extracts from leaves of 15-day-old seedlings obtained from previously MeJA soaked seeds had the ability to inhibit in vitro spore germination of tested fungus. In these seedlings a significant increase in the levels phenolic compounds such as salicylic acid (SA), kaempferol and quercetin was observed. Up-regulation of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL5) and benzoic acid/salicylic acid carboxyl methyltransferase (BSMT) genes and down-regulation of the isochorysmate synthase (ICS) gene in response to exogenous MeJA application indicate that the phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), not the isochorismate (IC) pathway, is the primary route for SA production in tomato. Moreover, the increased accumulation of the flavonols quercetin and kaempferol appears closely related to the increase of PAL5, chalcone synthase (CHS) and flavonol synthase/flavanone 3-hydroxylase-like (FLS) genes. Elevated levels of salicylic acid in seedlings raised from MeJA-soaked seeds were simultaneously accompanied by a decrease of jasmonic acid, the precursor of MeJA, and an increase of 12-oxo-phytodienoic acid (OPDA), the precursor of jasmonic acid. The present results indicate that the priming of tomato seeds with 0.1mM MeJA before sowing enables the seedlings grown from these seeds to reduce the attack of the soil-borne fungal pathogen F. oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici, so it can be applied in practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Król
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, University of Szczecin, Wąska 13, 71-415 Szczecin, Poland
| | - R Igielski
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, University of Szczecin, Wąska 13, 71-415 Szczecin, Poland
| | - S Pollmann
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas (UPM-INIA), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain
| | - E Kępczyńska
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, University of Szczecin, Wąska 13, 71-415 Szczecin, Poland.
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440
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Blaya J, Lloret E, Ros M, Pascual JA. Identification of predictor parameters to determine agro-industrial compost suppressiveness against Fusarium oxysporum and Phytophthora capsici diseases in muskmelon and pepper seedlings. J Sci Food Agric 2015; 95:1482-1490. [PMID: 25074864 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.6847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2014] [Revised: 05/19/2014] [Accepted: 07/24/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The lack of reliable prediction tools for evaluation of the level and specificity of compost suppressiveness limits its application. In our study, different chemical, biological and microbiological parameters were used to evaluate their potential use as a predictor parameter for the suppressive effect of composts against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. melonis (FOM) and Phytophthora capsici (P. capsici) in muskmelon and pepper seedlings respectively. Composts were obtained from artichoke sludge, chopped vineyard pruning waste and various agro-industrial wastes (C1: blanched artichokes; C2: garlic waste; C3: dry olive cake). RESULTS Compost C3 proved to offer the highest level of resistance against FOM, and compost C2 the highest level of resistance against P. capsici. Analysis of phospholipid fatty acids isolated from compost revealed that the three composts showed different microbial community structures. Protease, NAGase and chitinase activities were significantly higher in compost C3, as was dehydrogenase activity in compost C2. CONCLUSION The use of specific parameters such as general (dehydrogenase activity) and specific enzymatic activities (protease, NAGase and chitinase activities) may be useful to predict compost suppressiveness against both pathogens. The selection of raw materials for agro-industrial composts is important in controlling Fusarium wilt and Phytophthora root rot.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josefa Blaya
- Department of Soil and Water Conservation and Organic Wastes Management, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura (CEBAS-CSIC), 30100, Espinardo, Murcia, Spain
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441
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Niño-Sánchez J, Tello V, Casado-Del Castillo V, Thon MR, Benito EP, Díaz-Mínguez JM. Gene expression patterns and dynamics of the colonization of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) by highly virulent and weakly virulent strains of Fusarium oxysporum. Front Microbiol 2015; 6:234. [PMID: 25883592 PMCID: PMC4383042 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.00234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2015] [Accepted: 03/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The dynamics of root and hypocotyl colonization, and the gene expression patterns of several fungal virulence factors and plant defense factors have been analyzed and compared in the interaction of two Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. phaseoli strains displaying clear differences in virulence, with a susceptible common bean cultivar. The growth of the two strains on the root surface and the colonization of the root was quantitatively similar although the highly virulent (HV) strain was more efficient reaching the central root cylinder. The main differences between both strains were found in the temporal and spatial dynamics of crown root and hypocotyl colonization. The increase of fungal biomass in the crown root was considerably larger for the HV strain, which, after an initial stage of global colonization of both the vascular cylinder and the parenchymal cells, restricted its growth to the newly differentiated xylem vessels. The weakly virulent (WV) strain was a much slower and less efficient colonizer of the xylem vessels, showing also growth in the intercellular spaces of the parenchyma. Most of the virulence genes analyzed showed similar expression patterns in both strains, except SIX1, SIX6 and the gene encoding the transcription factor FTF1, which were highly upregulated in root crown and hypocotyl. The response induced in the infected plant showed interesting differences for both strains. The WV strain induced an early and strong transcription of the PR1 gene, involved in SAR response, while the HV strain preferentially induced the early expression of the ethylene responsive factor ERF2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Niño-Sánchez
- Departamento de Microbiología y Genética, Instituto Hispano-Luso de Investigaciones Agrarias, Universidad de Salamanca Salamanca, Spain
| | - Vega Tello
- Departamento de Microbiología y Genética, Instituto Hispano-Luso de Investigaciones Agrarias, Universidad de Salamanca Salamanca, Spain
| | - Virginia Casado-Del Castillo
- Departamento de Microbiología y Genética, Instituto Hispano-Luso de Investigaciones Agrarias, Universidad de Salamanca Salamanca, Spain
| | - Michael R Thon
- Departamento de Microbiología y Genética, Instituto Hispano-Luso de Investigaciones Agrarias, Universidad de Salamanca Salamanca, Spain
| | - Ernesto P Benito
- Departamento de Microbiología y Genética, Instituto Hispano-Luso de Investigaciones Agrarias, Universidad de Salamanca Salamanca, Spain
| | - José María Díaz-Mínguez
- Departamento de Microbiología y Genética, Instituto Hispano-Luso de Investigaciones Agrarias, Universidad de Salamanca Salamanca, Spain
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Xu J, Wang X, Hu L, Xia J, Wu Z, Xu N, Dai B, Wu B. A novel ionic liquid-tolerant Fusarium oxysporum BN secreting ionic liquid-stable cellulase: consolidated bioprocessing of pretreated lignocellulose containing residual ionic liquid. Bioresour Technol 2015; 181:18-25. [PMID: 25625459 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2014.12.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2014] [Revised: 12/22/2014] [Accepted: 12/23/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
In this study, microbial communities from chemicals polluted microhabitats were cultured with the addition of imidazolium-based ionic liquid (IL) to enrich for IL-tolerant microbes. A strain of Fusarium oxysporum BN producing cellulase from these enrichments was capable of growing in 10% (w/v) 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium phosphinate, much higher than the normal IL concentrations in the lignocellulose regenerated from ILs. Cellulase secreted by the strain showed high resistance to ILs based on phosphate and sulfate radicals, evidencing of a high conformational stability in relevant media. Gratifyingly, F. oxysporum BN can directly convert IL-pretreated rice straw to bioethanol via consolidated bioprocessing (I-CBP). At optimum fermentation condition, a maximum ethanol yield of 0.125 g ethanol g(-1) of rice straw was finally obtained, corresponding to 64.2% of the theoretical yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxing Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomass-Based Energy and Enzyme Technology, Huaiyin Normal University, 111 Changjiangxi Road, Huaian 223300, China
| | - Xinfeng Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomass-Based Energy and Enzyme Technology, Huaiyin Normal University, 111 Changjiangxi Road, Huaian 223300, China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Regional Modern Agriculture & Environmental Protection, Huaiyin Normal University, Huaian 223300, China
| | - Lei Hu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomass-Based Energy and Enzyme Technology, Huaiyin Normal University, 111 Changjiangxi Road, Huaian 223300, China
| | - Jun Xia
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomass-Based Energy and Enzyme Technology, Huaiyin Normal University, 111 Changjiangxi Road, Huaian 223300, China
| | - Zhen Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomass-Based Energy and Enzyme Technology, Huaiyin Normal University, 111 Changjiangxi Road, Huaian 223300, China
| | - Ning Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomass-Based Energy and Enzyme Technology, Huaiyin Normal University, 111 Changjiangxi Road, Huaian 223300, China
| | - Benlin Dai
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomass-Based Energy and Enzyme Technology, Huaiyin Normal University, 111 Changjiangxi Road, Huaian 223300, China
| | - Bin Wu
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing University of Technology, 30 Puzhunan Road, Nanjing 210000, China.
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García-Ruiz JC, Olazábal I, Adán Pedroso RM, López-Soria L, Velasco-Benito V, Sánchez-Aparicio JA, Navajas A, Montejo M, Moragues MD. Disseminated fusariosis and hematologic malignancies, a still devastating association. Report of three new cases. Rev Iberoam Micol 2015; 32:190-6. [PMID: 25936697 DOI: 10.1016/j.riam.2014.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2014] [Revised: 11/12/2014] [Accepted: 11/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fungi of the genus Fusarium are primarily plant pathogens and saprobes that produce disseminated infections in immunologically deficient humans. After aspergillosis, disseminated fusariosis is the second most common cause of invasive infection by filamentous fungi in patients with hematologic malignancies or those undergoing transplants of hematopoietic progenitors. AIMS Disseminated fusariosis (DF) is considered an extremely rare infection and has reached a stable incidence rate, but its high mortality rate and the lack of an optimal management protocol have raised increasing interest in this mycosis. METHODS We present three cases of DF produced by Fusarium oxysporum species complex, Fusarium solani species complex and the highly unusual Fusarium dimerum in patients with advanced hematological malignancies diagnosed in our hospital between 2007 and 2011. The species level identification of the Fusarium isolates was established by sequencing their TEF1 gene. RESULTS The isolates showed low susceptibility to most of the antifungal agents analyzed, except that observed for F. dimerum to amphotericin B (AmB) and terbinafine, and F. oxysporum species complex to AmB. Interestingly, the strain of F. solani species complex exhibited high MIC values for AmB and voriconazole, notwithstanding these drugs were used for treatment with good results. Other relevant aspects to be considered in the treatment of DF are surgically cleaning foci of infection, withdrawing presumably contaminated catheters and recovery from neutropenia. CONCLUSIONS The prevention of infection in colonized patients, the maintenance of a high level of diagnostic suspicion for early diagnosis, and the combined, vigorous and prolonged use of L-AmB and voriconazole are essential to decrease the mortality rate of this devastating infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Carlos García-Ruiz
- Servicio de Hematología y Hemoterapia, BioCruces Health Research Institute, Hospital Universitario Cruces, Plaza de Cruces s/n, 48903 Barakaldo, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Iñigo Olazábal
- Servicio de Hematología y Hemoterapia, BioCruces Health Research Institute, Hospital Universitario Cruces, Plaza de Cruces s/n, 48903 Barakaldo, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Rosa María Adán Pedroso
- Servicio de Pediatría, BioCruces Health Research Institute, Hospital Universitario Cruces, Barakaldo, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Leyre López-Soria
- Servicio de Microbiología, Hospital Universitario Cruces, Barakaldo, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Verónica Velasco-Benito
- Servicio de Anatomía Patológica, BioCruces Health Research Institute, Hospital Universitario Cruces, Barakaldo, Bizkaia, Spain
| | | | - Aurora Navajas
- Servicio de Pediatría, BioCruces Health Research Institute, Hospital Universitario Cruces, Barakaldo, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Miguel Montejo
- Unidad de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital Universitario Cruces, BioCruces Health Research Institute, Universidad del País Vasco (UPV/EHU), Barakaldo, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - María-Dolores Moragues
- Departamento de Enfermería, Escuela de Enfermería, Universidad del País Vasco UPV/EHU, Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain.
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444
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Cheng L, Ling J, Liang L, Luo Z, Zhang J, Xie B. Qip gene in Fusarium oxysporum is required for normal hyphae morphology and virulence. Mycology 2015; 6:130-137. [PMID: 30151321 PMCID: PMC6106068 DOI: 10.1080/21501203.2015.1027313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2014] [Accepted: 03/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Ribonucleic acid (RNA)-silencing mechanisms exist in many eukaryotes to regulate a variety of biological processes. The known molecular components are related to Dicers, Argonautes and RNA-dependent RNA polymerases. Previous biochemical studies have also suggested that Qip, with an exonuclease domain, facilitates the conversion of duplex small interfering RNAs into single strands. In our study, the Qip gene in Fusarium oxysporum was disrupted using homologous recombination technology. The deletion of the Qip gene resulted in a decrease in colony growth rates but increased the number of branches. Additionally, the ΔQip mutant had a reduced pathogenicity in cabbage. Our results show Qip gene in F. oxysporum is required for normal hyphae morphology and virulence. The mutant will be useful for elucidating the relationship between the RNA-silencing mechanism and hyphal growth and development in F. oxysporum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Cheng
- College of Life Science, Shanxi Normal University, Gong yuan Street No. 1, Yaodu, Linfen041004, China
| | - Jian Ling
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, South Street No. 12, Zhongguancun, Haidian, Beijing100081, China
| | - Liqin Liang
- College of Life Science, Shanxi Normal University, Gong yuan Street No. 1, Yaodu, Linfen041004, China
| | - Zhongqin Luo
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, South Street No. 12, Zhongguancun, Haidian, Beijing100081, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- College of Life Science, Shanxi Normal University, Gong yuan Street No. 1, Yaodu, Linfen041004, China
| | - Bingyan Xie
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, South Street No. 12, Zhongguancun, Haidian, Beijing100081, China
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445
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Martínez-Rodríguez JDC, De la Mora-Amutio M, Plascencia-Correa LA, Audelo-Regalado E, Guardado FR, Hernández-Sánchez E, Peña-Ramírez YJ, Escalante A, Beltrán-García MJ, Ogura T. Cultivable endophytic bacteria from leaf bases of Agave tequilana and their role as plant growth promoters. Braz J Microbiol 2015; 45:1333-9. [PMID: 25763038 PMCID: PMC4323307 DOI: 10.1590/s1517-83822014000400025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2014] [Accepted: 04/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Agave tequilana Weber var. ‘Azul’ is grown for the production of tequila, inulin and syrup. Diverse bacteria inhabit plant tissues and play a crucial role for plant health and growth. In this study culturable endophytic bacteria were extracted from leaf bases of 100 healthy Agave tequilana plants. In plant tissue bacteria occurred at mean population densities of 3 million CFU/g of fresh plant tissue. Three hundred endophytic strains were isolated and 16s rDNA sequences grouped the bacteria into eight different taxa that shared high homology with other known sequences. Bacterial endophytes were identified as Acinectobacter sp., A. baumanii, A. bereziniae, Cronobacter sakazakii, Enterobacter hormaechei, Bacillus sp. Klebsiella oxytoca, Pseudomonas sp., Enterococcus casseliflavus, Leuconostoc mesenteroides subsp. mesenteroides and Gluconobacter oxydans. Isolates were confirmed to be plant growth promoting bacteria (PGPB) by their capacities for nitrogen fixation, auxin production, phosphate solubilization, or antagonism against Fusarium oxysporum AC132. E. casseliflavus JM47 and K. oxytoca JM26 secreted the highest concentrations of IAA. The endophyte Acinectobacter sp. JM58 exhibited the maximum values for nitrogen fixation and phosphate solubilization index (PSI). Inhibition of fungi was found in Pseudomonas sp. JM9p and K. oxytoca JM26. Bacterial endophytes show promise for use as bio-inoculants for agave cultivation. Use of endophytes to enhance cultivation of agave may be particularly important for plants produced by micropropagation techniques, where native endophytes may have been lost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia del C Martínez-Rodríguez
- Instituto de Ingeniería Universidad Autónoma de Baja California Campus MexicaliMexicali México Instituto de Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Campus Mexicali, Mexicali, México
| | - Marcela De la Mora-Amutio
- Instituto de Ingeniería Universidad Autónoma de Baja California Campus MexicaliMexicali México Instituto de Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Campus Mexicali, Mexicali, México
| | - Luis A Plascencia-Correa
- Departamento de Química Instituto de Ciencias Exactas y Terrestres Universidad Autónoma de Guadalajara Jalisco México Departamento de Química, Instituto de Ciencias Exactas y Terrestres, Universidad Autónoma de Guadalajara, Jalisco, México
| | - Esmeralda Audelo-Regalado
- Departamento de Química Instituto de Ciencias Exactas y Terrestres Universidad Autónoma de Guadalajara Jalisco México Departamento de Química, Instituto de Ciencias Exactas y Terrestres, Universidad Autónoma de Guadalajara, Jalisco, México
| | - Francisco R Guardado
- Departamento de Química Instituto de Ciencias Exactas y Terrestres Universidad Autónoma de Guadalajara Jalisco México Departamento de Química, Instituto de Ciencias Exactas y Terrestres, Universidad Autónoma de Guadalajara, Jalisco, México
| | - Elías Hernández-Sánchez
- Colegio de Postgraduados Carretera México-Texcoco Texcoco México Colegio de Postgraduados Carretera México-Texcoco, Texcoco, México
| | - Yuri J Peña-Ramírez
- El Colegio de la Frontera Sur A.C. Unidad Campeche LermaCampeche México El Colegio de la Frontera Sur A.C. Unidad Campeche, Lerma, Campeche, México
| | - Adelfo Escalante
- Departamento de Ingeniería Celular y Biocatálisis Instituto de Biotecnología Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México CuernavacaMorelos México Departamento de Ingeniería Celular y Biocatálisis, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
| | - Miguel J Beltrán-García
- Departamento de Química Instituto de Ciencias Exactas y Terrestres Universidad Autónoma de Guadalajara Jalisco México Departamento de Química, Instituto de Ciencias Exactas y Terrestres, Universidad Autónoma de Guadalajara, Jalisco, México
| | - Tetsuya Ogura
- Departamento de Química Instituto de Ciencias Exactas y Terrestres Universidad Autónoma de Guadalajara Jalisco México Departamento de Química, Instituto de Ciencias Exactas y Terrestres, Universidad Autónoma de Guadalajara, Jalisco, México
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446
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Rodriguez-Maturino A, Troncoso-Rojas R, Sánchez-Estrada A, González-Mendoza D, Ruiz-Sanchez E, Zamora-Bustillos R, Ceceña-Duran C, Grimaldo-Juarez O, Aviles-Marin M. [Antifungal effect of phenolic and carotenoids extracts from chiltepin (Capsicum annum var. glabriusculum) on Alternaria alternata and Fusarium oxysporum]. Rev Argent Microbiol 2015; 47:72-7. [PMID: 25705046 DOI: 10.1016/j.ram.2014.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2014] [Revised: 12/01/2014] [Accepted: 12/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The effect of phenolic and carotenoid extracts from chiltepin fruits on mycelial growth and the inhibition of conidial germination of Alternaria alternata and Fusarium oxysporum were investigated in the present work. Phenolic extracts inhibited mycelial growth of A.alternata by 38.46%, and significantly reduced conidial germination on the fifth day after treatment to 92% in relation to control. No significant changes were observed in the inhibition of mycelial growth in Fusarium oxysporum; however, the number of germinated conidia was reduced, showing 85% inhibition five days after treatment in relation to control. Moreover, carotenoid extracts showed 38.5% inhibition of mycelial growth and 85.3% inhibition of conidial germination of A.alternata, five days after treatment. Carotenoid extracts showed less inhibition of mycelial growth (20.3%) in F.oxysporum, with respect to A.alternata; while there was greater inhibition of conidial germination (96%) on the fifth day after treatment. Phenolic and carotenoid extracts from chiltepin may be a promising alternative as a natural fungicide against fungi of agricultural importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfonso Rodriguez-Maturino
- Instituto de Ciencias Agrícolas, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California (ICA-UABC), Ejido Nuevo León, Baja California, México
| | - Rosalba Troncoso-Rojas
- Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A.C., Dirección de Tecnología de Alimentos de Origen Vegetal, Hermosillo, Sonora, México
| | - Alberto Sánchez-Estrada
- Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A.C., Dirección de Tecnología de Alimentos de Origen Vegetal, Hermosillo, Sonora, México
| | - Daniel González-Mendoza
- Instituto de Ciencias Agrícolas, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California (ICA-UABC), Ejido Nuevo León, Baja California, México.
| | - Esau Ruiz-Sanchez
- División de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Instituto Tecnológico de Conkal, Conkal, Yucatán, México
| | - Roberto Zamora-Bustillos
- División de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Instituto Tecnológico de Conkal, Conkal, Yucatán, México
| | - Carlos Ceceña-Duran
- Instituto de Ciencias Agrícolas, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California (ICA-UABC), Ejido Nuevo León, Baja California, México
| | - Onecimo Grimaldo-Juarez
- Instituto de Ciencias Agrícolas, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California (ICA-UABC), Ejido Nuevo León, Baja California, México
| | - Mónica Aviles-Marin
- Instituto de Ciencias Agrícolas, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California (ICA-UABC), Ejido Nuevo León, Baja California, México
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447
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Elmore MH, McGary KL, Wisecaver JH, Slot JC, Geiser DM, Sink S, O'Donnell K, Rokas A. Clustering of two genes putatively involved in cyanate detoxification evolved recently and independently in multiple fungal lineages. Genome Biol Evol 2015; 7:789-800. [PMID: 25663439 PMCID: PMC4438557 DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evv025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Fungi that have the enzymes cyanase and carbonic anhydrase show a limited capacity to detoxify cyanate, a fungicide employed by both plants and humans. Here, we describe a novel two-gene cluster that comprises duplicated cyanase and carbonic anhydrase copies, which we name the CCA gene cluster, trace its evolution across Ascomycetes, and examine the evolutionary dynamics of its spread among lineages of the Fusarium oxysporum species complex (hereafter referred to as the FOSC), a cosmopolitan clade of purportedly clonal vascular wilt plant pathogens. Phylogenetic analysis of fungal cyanase and carbonic anhydrase genes reveals that the CCA gene cluster arose independently at least twice and is now present in three lineages, namely Cochliobolus lunatus, Oidiodendron maius, and the FOSC. Genome-wide surveys within the FOSC indicate that the CCA gene cluster varies in copy number across isolates, is always located on accessory chromosomes, and is absent in FOSC’s closest relatives. Phylogenetic reconstruction of the CCA gene cluster in 163 FOSC strains from a wide variety of hosts suggests a recent history of rampant transfers between isolates. We hypothesize that the independent formation of the CCA gene cluster in different fungal lineages and its spread across FOSC strains may be associated with resistance to plant-produced cyanates or to use of cyanate fungicides in agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Holly Elmore
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University Present address: Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA
| | | | | | - Jason C Slot
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University Present address: Department of Plant Pathology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - David M Geiser
- Department of Plant Pathology and Environmental Microbiology, The Pennsylvania State University
| | - Stacy Sink
- Bacterial Foodborne Pathogens and Mycology Research Unit, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Peoria, Illinois
| | - Kerry O'Donnell
- Bacterial Foodborne Pathogens and Mycology Research Unit, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Peoria, Illinois
| | - Antonis Rokas
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University
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448
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Hu Z, Parekh U, Maruta N, Trusov Y, Botella JR. Down-regulation of Fusarium oxysporum endogenous genes by Host-Delivered RNA interference enhances disease resistance. Front Chem 2015; 3:1. [PMID: 25654075 PMCID: PMC4299518 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2015.00001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2014] [Accepted: 01/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Fusarium oxysporum is a devastating pathogen causing extensive yield losses in a variety of crops and development of sustainable, environmentally friendly methods to improve crop resistance is crucial. We have used Host-Delivered RNA interference (HD-RNAi) technology to partially silence three different genes (FOW2, FRP1, and OPR) in the hemi-biotrophic fungus F. oxysporum f. sp. conglutinans. Expression of double stranded RNA (dsRNA) molecules targeting fungal pathogen genes was achieved in a number of transgenic Arabidopsis lines. F. oxysporum infecting the transgenic lines displayed substantially reduced mRNA levels on all three targeted genes, with an average of 75, 83, and 72% reduction for FOW2, FRP1, and OPR, respectively. The silencing of pathogen genes had a clear positive effect on the ability of the transgenic lines to fight infection. All transgenic lines displayed enhanced resistance to F. oxysporum with delayed disease symptom development, especially FRP1 and OPR lines. Survival rates after fungal infection were higher in the transgenic lines compared to control wild type plants which consistently showed survival rates of 10%, with FOW2 lines showing 25% survival; FRP1 lines 30-50% survival and OPR between 45 and 70% survival. The down-regulation effect was specific for the targeted genes without unintended effects in related genes. In addition to producing resistant crops, HD-RNAi can provide a useful tool to rapidly screen candidate fungal pathogenicity genes without the need to produce fungal knockout mutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongli Hu
- Plant Genetic Engineering Laboratory, School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, University of QueenslandBrisbane, QLD, Australia
- Bioengineering College, Chongqing UniversityChongqing, China
| | - Urvi Parekh
- Plant Genetic Engineering Laboratory, School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, University of QueenslandBrisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Natsumi Maruta
- Plant Genetic Engineering Laboratory, School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, University of QueenslandBrisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Yuri Trusov
- Plant Genetic Engineering Laboratory, School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, University of QueenslandBrisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Jose R. Botella
- Plant Genetic Engineering Laboratory, School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, University of QueenslandBrisbane, QLD, Australia
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449
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Kuete V, Saeed MEM, Kadioglu O, Börtzler J, Khalid H, Greten HJ, Efferth T. Pharmacogenomic and molecular docking studies on the cytotoxicity of the natural steroid wortmannin against multidrug-resistant tumor cells. Phytomedicine 2015; 22:120-127. [PMID: 25636880 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2014.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2014] [Revised: 10/23/2014] [Accepted: 11/15/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Wortmannin is a cytotoxic compound derived from the endophytic fungi Fusarium oxysporum, Penicillium wortmannii and Penicillium funiculosum that occurs in many plants, including medicinal herbs. The rationale to develop novel anticancer drugs is the frequent development of tumor resistance to the existing antineoplasic agents. Therefore, it is mandatory to analyze resistance mechanisms of novel drug candidates such as wortmannin as well to bring effective drugs into the clinic that have the potential to bypass or overcome resistance to established drugs and to substantially increase life span of cancer patients. In the present project, we found that P-glycoprotein-overexpressing tumor cells displaying the classical multidrug resistance phenotype toward standard anticancer drugs were not cross-resistant to wortmannin. Furthermore, three point-mutated PIK3CA protein structures revealed similar binding energies to wortmannin than wild-type PIK3CA. This protein is the primary target of wortmannin and part of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. PIK3CA mutations are known to be associated with worse response to therapy and shortened its activity toward wild-type and mutant PIK3CA with similar efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Kuete
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Mohamed E M Saeed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Onat Kadioglu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Jonas Börtzler
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Hassan Khalid
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Henry Johannes Greten
- Abel Salazar Biomedical Sciences Institute, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; Heidelberg School of Chinese Medicine, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Efferth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany.
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450
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Kim YW, Jung HJ, Park JI, Hur Y, Nou IS. Response of NBS encoding resistance genes linked to both heat and fungal stress in Brassica oleracea. Plant Physiol Biochem 2015; 86:130-136. [PMID: 25461701 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2014.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2014] [Accepted: 11/14/2014] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Environmental stresses, including both abiotic and biotic stresses, cause considerable yield loss in crops and can significantly affect their development. Under field conditions, crops are exposed to a variety of concurrent stresses. Among abiotic and biotic stresses, heat and Fusarium oxysporum, are the most important factors affecting development and yield productivity of Brassica oleracea. Genes encoding the nucleotide-binding site (NBS) motif are known to be related to responses to abiotic and biotic stresses in many plants. Hence, this study was conducted to characterize the NBS encoding genes obtained from transcriptome profiles of two cabbage genotypes with contrasting responses to heat stress, and to test expression levels of selected NBS- leucine reich repeat (LRR) genes in F. oxysporum infected plants. We selected 80 up-regulated genes from a total of 264 loci, among which 17 were confirmed to be complete and incomplete members of the TIR-NBS-LRR (TNL) class families, and another identified as an NFYA-HAP2 family member. Expression analysis using qRT-PCR revealed that eight genes showed significant responses to heat shock treatment and F. oxysporum infection. Additionally, in the commercial B. oleracea cultivars with resistance to F. oxysporum, the Bol007132, Bol016084, and Bol030522 genes showed dramatically higher expression in the F. oxysporum resistant line than in the intermediate and susceptible lines. The results of this study will facilitate the identification and the development of molecular markers based on multiple stress resistance genes related to heat and fungal stress under field conditions in B. oleracea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Wook Kim
- Department of Horticulture, Sunchon National University, 413 Jungangno, Suncheon, Jeonnam 540-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Jeong Jung
- Department of Horticulture, Sunchon National University, 413 Jungangno, Suncheon, Jeonnam 540-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-In Park
- Department of Horticulture, Sunchon National University, 413 Jungangno, Suncheon, Jeonnam 540-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoonkang Hur
- Department of Biology, Chungnam National University, 96 Daehangno, Gung-dong, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-764, Republic of Korea
| | - Ill-Sup Nou
- Department of Horticulture, Sunchon National University, 413 Jungangno, Suncheon, Jeonnam 540-742, Republic of Korea.
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