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Mahmoudi A, Jalili A, Butler AE, Aghaee-Bakhtiari SH, Jamialahmadi T, Sahebkar A. Exploration of the Key Genes Involved in Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Possible MicroRNA Therapeutic Targets. J Clin Exp Hepatol 2024; 14:101365. [PMID: 38433957 PMCID: PMC10904918 DOI: 10.1016/j.jceh.2024.101365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Background MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are promising therapeutic agents for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). This study aimed to identify key genes/proteins involved in NAFLD pathogenesis and progression and to evaluate miRNAs influencing their expression. Methods Gene expression profiles from datasets GSE151158, GSE163211, GSE135251, GSE167523, GSE46300, and online databases were analyzed to identify significant NAFLD-related genes. Then, protein-protein interaction networks and module analysis identified hub genes/proteins, which were validated using real-time PCR in oleic acid-treated HepG2 cells. Functional enrichment analysis evaluated signaling pathways and biological processes. Gene-miRNA interaction networks identified miRNAs targeting critical NAFLD genes. Results The most critical overexpressed hub genes/proteins included: TNF, VEGFA, TLR4, CYP2E1, ACE, SCD, FASN, SREBF2, and TGFB1 based on PPI network analysis, of which TNF, TLR4, SCD, FASN, SREBF2, and TGFB1 were up-regulated in oleic acid-treated HepG2 cells. Functional enrichment analysis for biological processes highlighted programmed necrotic cell death, lipid metabolic process response to reactive oxygen species, and inflammation. In the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis, the highest adjusted P-value signaling pathways encompassed AGE-RAGE in diabetic complications, TNF, and HIF-1 signaling pathways. In gene-miRNA network analysis, miR-16 and miR-124 were highlighted as the miRNAs exerting the most influence on important NAFLD-related genes. Conclusion In silico analyses identified NAFLD therapeutic targets and miRNA candidates to guide further experimental investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Mahmoudi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Nanotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| | - Amin Jalili
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Nanotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| | | | - Seyed H. Aghaee-Bakhtiari
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Nanotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Iran
- Bioinformatics Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Tannaz Jamialahmadi
- Medical Toxicology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Almohaid S, Akhtar S. Diet, lifestyle factors, comorbidities, and hepatocellular carcinoma risk in a middle eastern country: a case-control study. BMC Cancer 2024; 24:694. [PMID: 38844890 PMCID: PMC11157712 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-024-12409-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) can be classified as one of the most common malignancies worldwide. There is scarcity of the published data on the risk factors for HCC in the Gulf Cooperation Council countries specifically Kuwait. Therefore, this case-control study sought to examine the risk factors associated with HCC in Kuwait. METHODS Fifty-three histopathologically confirmed HCC cases were recruited from the Kuwait Cancer Control Center Registry. One hundred ninety-six controls (1:4 ratio) were selected from medical and/ or surgical outpatient's clinics at all six public hospitals of Kuwait. A structured questionnaire was used to collect the data both from cases and controls through face-to-face interviews. A multivariable logistic regression model was fitted to the case-control data. Adjusted odds ratios (ORadj) and their 95% confidence intervals (CI) were computed using the parameters' estimates of the final model and used for interpretation of the model. RESULTS The HCC cases compared with the controls were 41.6 times more likely to have had the history of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) (ORadj = 41.6; 95% CI: 8.9-193.5; p < 0.001). The cases compared with the controls were more likely to have reported the history of heavy alcohol drinking (ORadj = 14.2; 95% CI: 1.2-173.4; p = 0.038). Furthermore, compared with the controls, the HCC cases tended to frequently consume milk and/or milk substitutes (≥ 3 glass/ week) (ORadj = 7.2; 95% CI: 1.2-43.4). Conversely however, there was a significant protective effect if the participants reportedly have had regularly used olive oil in their routine diet as a source of fat (ORadj = 0.17; 95% CI: 0.04-0.80) or regularly used non-steroid anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) (ORadj = 0.20; 95% CI: 0.05-0.71). CONCLUSIONS This study showed that heavy alcohol consumption, NAFLD history, and excessive consumption of milk/ milk substitutes were associated with a significantly increased HCC risk. Conversely however, regular use of olive oil in the diet as a source of fat or regular use of NSAIDs had a significantly protective effect against HCC risk. Adapting healthy dietary habits and preventing/ treating NAFLD may minimize the HCC risk. Future research with a larger sample size may contemplate validating the results of this study and unraveling additional risk factors contributing to HCC risk. The resultant data may help design and implement evidence-based educational programs for the prevention of HCC in this and other similar settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaimaa Almohaid
- Department of Community Medicine and Behavioural Sciences, College of Medicine, Kuwait University, PO Box 24923, Safat, 13110, Kuwait
| | - Saeed Akhtar
- Department of Community Medicine and Behavioural Sciences, College of Medicine, Kuwait University, PO Box 24923, Safat, 13110, Kuwait.
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Johnson SM, Bao H, McMahon CE, Chen Y, Burr SD, Anderson AM, Madeyski-Bengtson K, Lindén D, Han X, Liu J. PNPLA3 is a triglyceride lipase that mobilizes polyunsaturated fatty acids to facilitate hepatic secretion of large-sized very low-density lipoprotein. Nat Commun 2024; 15:4847. [PMID: 38844467 PMCID: PMC11156938 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49224-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
The I148M variant of PNPLA3 is closely associated with hepatic steatosis. Recent evidence indicates that the I148M mutant functions as an inhibitor of PNPLA2/ATGL-mediated lipolysis, leaving the role of wild-type PNPLA3 undefined. Despite showing a triglyceride hydrolase activity in vitro, PNPLA3 has yet to be established as a lipase in vivo. Here, we show that PNPLA3 preferentially hydrolyzes polyunsaturated triglycerides, mobilizing polyunsaturated fatty acids for phospholipid desaturation and enhancing hepatic secretion of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins. Under lipogenic conditions, mice with liver-specific knockout or acute knockdown of PNPLA3 exhibit aggravated liver steatosis and reduced plasma VLDL-triglyceride levels. Similarly, I148M-knockin mice show decreased hepatic triglyceride secretion during lipogenic stimulation. Our results highlight a specific context whereby the wild-type PNPLA3 facilitates the balance between hepatic triglyceride storage and secretion, and suggest the potential contribution of a loss-of-function by the I148M variant to the development of fatty liver disease in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott M Johnson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Mayo Clinic College of Medicine & Science, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
- Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences; Mayo Clinic College of Medicine & Science, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
- Department of Cell Biology; University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Hanmei Bao
- Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies and Department of Medicine, Division of Diabetes; University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
| | - Cailin E McMahon
- Molecular Biology and Genetics Department; Cornell College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Yongbin Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Mayo Clinic College of Medicine & Science, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Stephanie D Burr
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Mayo Clinic College of Medicine & Science, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Aaron M Anderson
- Department of Developmental Biology; Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Katja Madeyski-Bengtson
- Translational Genomics, Discovery Sciences; BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Daniel Lindén
- Bioscience Metabolism, Research and Early Development Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism (CVRM); BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Neuroscience and Physiology; Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Xianlin Han
- Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies and Department of Medicine, Division of Diabetes; University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Mayo Clinic College of Medicine & Science, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Metabolism and Nutrition; Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.
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Lv P, Li H, Li X, Wang X, Yu J, Gong Y. Intestinal perfusion of unacylated ghrelin alleviated metabolically associated fatty liver disease in rats via a central glucagon-like peptide-1 pathway. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2024; 326:G643-G658. [PMID: 38564323 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00217.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Unacylated ghrelin (UAG), the unacylated form of ghrelin, accounts for 80%-90% of its circulation. Accumulated studies have pointed out that UAG may be used to treat metabolic disorders. This study aimed to investigate the effect of intestinal perfusion of UAG on metabolically associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) induced by a high-fat diet and its possible mechanisms. Neuronal retrograde tracking combined with immunofluorescence, central administration of a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) antagonist, and hepatic vagotomy was performed to reveal its possible mechanism involving a central glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) pathway. The results showed that intestinal perfusion of UAG significantly reduced serum lipids, aminotransferases, and food intake in MAFLD rats. Steatosis and lipid accumulation in the liver were significantly alleviated, and lipid metabolism-related enzymes in the liver were regulated. UAG upregulated the expression of GLP-1 receptor (GLP-1R) in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) and GLP-1 in the nucleus tractus solitarii (NTS), as well as activated GLP-1 neurons in the NTS. Furthermore, GLP-1 fibers projected from NTS to PVN were activated by the intestinal perfusion of UAG. However, hepatic vagotomy and GLP-1R antagonists delivered into PVN before intestinal perfusion of UAG partially attenuated its alleviation of MAFLD. In conclusion, intestinal perfusion of UAG showed a therapeutic effect on MAFLD, which might be related to its activation of the GLP-1 neuronal pathway from NTS to PVN. The present results provide a new strategy for the treatment of MAFLD.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Intestinal perfusion of UAG, the unacylated form of ghrelin, has shown promising potential for treating MAFLD. This study unveils a potential mechanism involving the central GLP-1 pathway, with UAG upregulating GLP-1R expression and activating GLP-1 neurons in specific brain regions. These findings propose a novel therapeutic strategy for MAFLD treatment through UAG and its modulation of the GLP-1 neuronal pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Lv
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongzeng Li
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangbo Li
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
| | - Xueyuying Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiantong Yu
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanling Gong
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
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Shen CL, Santos JM, Elmassry MM, Bhakta V, Driver Z, Ji G, Yakhnitsa V, Kiritoshi T, Lovett J, Hamood AN, Sang S, Neugebauer V. Ginger Polyphenols Reverse Molecular Signature of Amygdala Neuroimmune Signaling and Modulate Microbiome in Male Rats with Neuropathic Pain: Evidence for Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:502. [PMID: 38790607 PMCID: PMC11118883 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13050502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 04/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence shows that the gut microbiota plays an important role in neuropathic pain (NP) via the gut-brain axis. Male rats were divided into sham, spinal nerve ligation (SNL), SNL + 200 mg GEG/kg BW (GEG200), and SNL + 600 mg GEG/kg BW (GEG600) for 5 weeks. The dosages of 200 and 600 mg GEG/kg BW for rats correspond to 45 g and 135 g raw ginger for human daily consumption, respectively. Both GEG groups mitigated SNL-induced NP behavior. GEG-supplemented animals had a decreased abundance of Rikenella, Muribaculaceae, Clostridia UCG-014, Mucispirillum schaedleri, RF39, Acetatifactor, and Clostridia UCG-009, while they had an increased abundance of Flavonifactor, Hungatella, Anaerofustis stercorihominis, and Clostridium innocuum group. Relative to sham rats, Fos and Gadd45g genes were upregulated, while Igf1, Ccl2, Hadc2, Rtn4rl1, Nfkb2, Gpr84, Pik3cg, and Abcc8 genes were downregulated in SNL rats. Compared to the SNL group, the GEG200 group and GEG600 group had increases/decreases in 16 (10/6) genes and 11 (1/10) genes, respectively. GEG downregulated Fos and Gadd45g genes and upregulated Hdac2 genes in the amygdala. In summary, GEG alleviates NP by modulating the gut microbiome and reversing a molecular neuroimmune signature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chwan-Li Shen
- Department of Pathology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA; (J.M.S.)
- Center of Excellence for Integrative Health, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA;
- Center of Excellence for Translational Neuroscience and Therapeutics, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA
| | - Julianna Maria Santos
- Department of Pathology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA; (J.M.S.)
| | - Moamen M. Elmassry
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA
| | - Viren Bhakta
- Department of Biology, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79401, USA
| | - Zarek Driver
- Department of Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79401, USA
| | - Guangchen Ji
- Department of Pharmacology & Neuroscience, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA; (G.J.); (V.Y.); (T.K.)
| | - Vadim Yakhnitsa
- Department of Pharmacology & Neuroscience, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA; (G.J.); (V.Y.); (T.K.)
| | - Takaki Kiritoshi
- Department of Pharmacology & Neuroscience, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA; (G.J.); (V.Y.); (T.K.)
| | - Jacob Lovett
- Department of Pathology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA; (J.M.S.)
| | - Abdul Naji Hamood
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Disease, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA;
| | - Shengmin Sang
- Laboratory for Functional Foods and Human Health, Center for Excellence in Post Harvest Technologies, North Carolina A&T State University, North Carolina Research Campus, Kannapolis, NC 28081, USA;
| | - Volker Neugebauer
- Center of Excellence for Integrative Health, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA;
- Center of Excellence for Translational Neuroscience and Therapeutics, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA
- Department of Pharmacology & Neuroscience, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA; (G.J.); (V.Y.); (T.K.)
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Mahmoudi A, Jalili A, Aghaee-Bakhtiari SH, Oskuee RK, Butler AE, Rizzo M, Sahebkar A. Analysis of the therapeutic potential of miR-124 and miR-16 in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. J Diabetes Complications 2024; 38:108722. [PMID: 38503000 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2024.108722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUNDS Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a common condition affecting >25 % of the population worldwide. This disorder ranges in severity from simple steatosis (fat accumulation) to severe steatohepatitis (inflammation), fibrosis and, at its end-stage, liver cancer. A number of studies have identified overexpression of several key genes that are critical in the initiation and progression of NAFLD. MiRNAs are potential therapeutic agents that can regulate several genes simultaneously. Therefore, we transfected cell lines with two key miRNAs involved in targeting NAFLD-related genes. METHODS The suppression effects of the investigated miRNAs (miR-124 and miR-16) and genes (TNF, TLR4, SCD, FASN, SREBF2, and TGFβ-1) from our previous study were investigated by real-time PCR in Huh7 and HepG2 cells treated with oleic acid. Oil red O staining and the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay were utilized to assess cell lipid accumulation and cytotoxic effects of the miRNAs, respectively. The pro-oxidant-antioxidant balance (PAB) assay was undertaken for miR-16 and miR-124 after cell transfection. RESULTS Following transfection of miRNAs into HepG2, oil red O staining showed miR-124 and miR-16 reduced oleic acid-induced lipid accumulation by 35.2 % and 28.6 % respectively (p < 0.05). In Huh7, miR-124 and miR-16 reduced accumulation by 23.5 % and 31.3 % respectively (p < 0.05) but without impacting anti-oxidant activity. Real-time PCR in HepG2 revealed miR-124 decreased expression of TNF by 0.13-fold, TLR4 by 0.12-fold and SREBF2 by 0.127-fold (p < 0.05). miR-16 decreased TLR4 by 0.66-fold and FASN by 0.3-fold (p < 0.05). In Huh7, miR-124 decreased TNF by 0.12-fold and FASN by 0.09-fold (p < 0.05). miR-16 decreased SCD by 0.28-fold and FASN by 0.64-fold (p < 0.05). MTT assays showed, in HepG2, viability was decreased 24.7 % by miR-124 and decreased 33 % by miR-16 at 72 h (p < 0.05). In Huh7, miR-124 decreased viability 42 % at 48 h and 29.33 % at 72 h (p < 0.05), while miR-16 decreased viability by 32.3 % (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION These results demonstrate the ability of miR-124 and miR-16 to significantly reduce lipid accumulation and expression of key pathogenic genes associated with NAFLD through direct targeting. Though this requires further in vivo investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Mahmoudi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Nanotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amin Jalili
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Nanotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Seyed Hamid Aghaee-Bakhtiari
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Nanotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Bioinformatics Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Reza Kazemi Oskuee
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Targeted Drug Delivery Research Center, Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Alexandra E Butler
- Research Department, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Bahrain, Adliya, Bahrain
| | - Manfredi Rizzo
- School of Medicine, Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (Promise), University of Palermo, Italy; Department of Biochemistry, Mohamed Bin Rashid University, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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De Cól JP, de Lima EP, Pompeu FM, Cressoni Araújo A, de Alvares Goulart R, Bechara MD, Laurindo LF, Méndez-Sánchez N, Barbalho SM. Underlying Mechanisms behind the Brain-Gut-Liver Axis and Metabolic-Associated Fatty Liver Disease (MAFLD): An Update. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3694. [PMID: 38612504 PMCID: PMC11011299 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25073694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) includes several metabolic dysfunctions caused by dysregulation in the brain-gut-liver axis and, consequently, increases cardiovascular risks and fatty liver dysfunction. In MAFLD, type 2 diabetes mellitus, obesity, and metabolic syndrome are frequently present; these conditions are related to liver lipogenesis and systemic inflammation. This study aimed to review the connection between the brain-gut-liver axis and MAFLD. The inflammatory process, cellular alterations in hepatocytes and stellate cells, hypercaloric diet, and sedentarism aggravate the prognosis of patients with MAFLD. Thus, to understand the modulation of the physiopathology of MAFLD, it is necessary to include the organokines involved in this process (adipokines, myokines, osteokines, and hepatokines) and their clinical relevance to project future perspectives of this condition and bring to light new possibilities in therapeutic approaches. Adipokines are responsible for the activation of distinct cellular signaling in different tissues, such as insulin and pro-inflammatory cytokines, which is important for balancing substances to avoid MAFLD and its progression. Myokines improve the quantity and quality of adipose tissues, contributing to avoiding the development of MAFLD. Finally, hepatokines are decisive in improving or not improving the progression of this disease through the regulation of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory organokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Júlia Pauli De Cól
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Universidade de Marília (UNIMAR), São Paulo 17525-902, Brazil; (J.P.D.C.); (M.D.B.)
| | - Enzo Pereira de Lima
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Universidade de Marília (UNIMAR), São Paulo 17525-902, Brazil; (J.P.D.C.); (M.D.B.)
| | - Fernanda Moris Pompeu
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Universidade de Marília (UNIMAR), São Paulo 17525-902, Brazil; (J.P.D.C.); (M.D.B.)
| | - Adriano Cressoni Araújo
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Universidade de Marília (UNIMAR), São Paulo 17525-902, Brazil; (J.P.D.C.); (M.D.B.)
- Postgraduate Program in Structural and Functional Interactions in Rehabilitation, School of Medicine, Universidade de Marília (UNIMAR), São Paulo 17525-902, Brazil;
| | - Ricardo de Alvares Goulart
- Postgraduate Program in Structural and Functional Interactions in Rehabilitation, School of Medicine, Universidade de Marília (UNIMAR), São Paulo 17525-902, Brazil;
| | - Marcelo Dib Bechara
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Universidade de Marília (UNIMAR), São Paulo 17525-902, Brazil; (J.P.D.C.); (M.D.B.)
- Postgraduate Program in Structural and Functional Interactions in Rehabilitation, School of Medicine, Universidade de Marília (UNIMAR), São Paulo 17525-902, Brazil;
| | - Lucas Fornari Laurindo
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Faculdade de Medicina de Marília (FAMEMA), Marília, São Paulo 17519-080, Brazil;
| | - Nahum Méndez-Sánchez
- Liver Research Unit, Medica Sur Clinic & Foundation, Mexico City 14050, Mexico;
- Faculty of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
| | - Sandra Maria Barbalho
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Universidade de Marília (UNIMAR), São Paulo 17525-902, Brazil; (J.P.D.C.); (M.D.B.)
- Postgraduate Program in Structural and Functional Interactions in Rehabilitation, School of Medicine, Universidade de Marília (UNIMAR), São Paulo 17525-902, Brazil;
- Department of Biochemistry and Nutrition, School of Food and Technology of Marília (FATEC), São Paulo 17500-000, Brazil
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Meschi S, Mizzoni K, Leoni BD, Galli C, Garbuglia AR, Belladonna S, Girardi E, Maggi F. Occult HBV Infection in Patients Infected by HIV or HCV: Comparison between HBV-DNA and Two Assays for HBsAg. Viruses 2024; 16:412. [PMID: 38543777 PMCID: PMC10974054 DOI: 10.3390/v16030412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024] Open
Abstract
We investigated the frequency and serological correlates of occult hepatitis B virus infection (OBI) and the potential impact of a highly sensitive assay for HBsAg in subjects infected by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) or hepatitis C virus (HCV), who are also at risk for hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, often in an occult form. Samples from 499 patients with HIV, all HBsAg negative and anti-HBc positive, and 137 patients with HCV were tested for HBV-DNA, anti-HBc, anti-HBs, and HBsAg by a conventional and highly sensitive assay. HBV biomarkers were detected in 71.5% of HCV-RNA-positive, with a higher prevalence of cases positive only for anti-HBc in patients with HCV than in those with HIV. HBV-DNA was detectable in 0.6% of HIV-positive and 7.3% of HCV-RNA-positive patients. Among patients with HCV, four were positive for HBsAg and negative for HBV-DNA, bringing the rate of HBV-active infection in this group to 10.2%. Active HBV infection was not related to gender or specific patterns of HBV biomarkers but was higher in HCV patients coinfected by HIV compared to those infected only by HCV. Monitoring patients at high risk for HBV infection and reactivation may require testing for both HBV-DNA and HBsAg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Meschi
- Laboratory of Virology, National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani IRCCS, 00149 Rome, Italy (A.R.G.); (F.M.)
| | - Klizia Mizzoni
- Laboratory of Virology, National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani IRCCS, 00149 Rome, Italy (A.R.G.); (F.M.)
| | | | | | - Anna Rosa Garbuglia
- Laboratory of Virology, National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani IRCCS, 00149 Rome, Italy (A.R.G.); (F.M.)
| | | | - Enrico Girardi
- Scientific Direction, National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani IRCCS, 00149 Rome, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Maggi
- Laboratory of Virology, National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani IRCCS, 00149 Rome, Italy (A.R.G.); (F.M.)
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Basset-Sagarminaga J, van de Weijer T, Iozzo P, Schrauwen P, Schrauwen-Hinderling V. Advances and challenges in measuring hepatic glucose uptake with FDG PET: implications for diabetes research. Diabetologia 2024; 67:407-419. [PMID: 38099962 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-023-06055-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
The liver plays a crucial role in the control of glucose homeostasis and is therefore of great interest in the investigation of the development of type 2 diabetes. Hepatic glucose uptake (HGU) can be measured through positron emission tomography (PET) imaging with the tracer [18F]-2-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (FDG). HGU is dependent on many variables (e.g. plasma glucose, insulin and glucagon concentrations), and the metabolic state for HGU assessment should be chosen with care and coherence with the study question. In addition, as HGU is influenced by many factors, protocols and measurement conditions need to be standardised for reproducible results. This review provides insights into the protocols that are available for the measurement of HGU by FDG PET and discusses the current state of knowledge of HGU and its impairment in type 2 diabetes. Overall, a scanning modality that allows for the measurement of detailed kinetic information and influx rates (dynamic imaging) may be preferable to static imaging. The combination of FDG PET and insulin stimulation is crucial to measure tissue-specific insulin sensitivity. While the hyperinsulinaemic-euglycaemic clamp allows for standardised measurements under controlled blood glucose levels, some research questions might require a more physiological approach, such as oral glucose loading, with both advantages and complexities relating to fluctuations in blood glucose and insulin levels. The available approaches to address HGU hold great potential but await more systematic exploitation to improve our understanding of the mechanisms underlying metabolic diseases. Current findings from the investigation of HGU by FDG PET highlight the complex interplay between insulin resistance, hepatic glucose metabolism, NEFA levels and intrahepatic lipid accumulation in type 2 diabetes and obesity. Further research is needed to fully understand the underlying mechanisms and potential therapeutic targets for improving HGU in these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy Basset-Sagarminaga
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Tineke van de Weijer
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Patricia Iozzo
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council (CNR), Pisa, Italy
| | - Patrick Schrauwen
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Vera Schrauwen-Hinderling
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands.
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands.
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Institute for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany.
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Calixto-Tlacomulco S, Luna-Reyes I, Delgado-Coello B, Gutiérrez-Vidal R, Reyes-Grajeda JP, Mas-Oliva J. CETP-derived Peptide Seq-1, the Key Component of HB-ATV-8 Vaccine Prevents Stress Responses, and Promotes Downregulation of Pro-Fibrotic Genes in Hepatocytes and Stellate Cells. Arch Med Res 2024; 55:102937. [PMID: 38301446 DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2023.102937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The nasal vaccine HB-ATV-8 has emerged as a promising approach for NAFLD (non-alcoholic fatty liver disease) and atherosclerosis prevention. HB-ATV-8 contains peptide seq-1 derived from the carboxy-end of the Cholesteryl Ester Transfer Protein (CETP), shown to reduce liver fibrosis, inflammation, and atherosclerotic plaque formation in animal models. Beyond the fact that this vaccine induces B-cell lymphocytes to code for antibodies against the seq-1 sequence, inhibiting CETP's cholesterol transfer activity, we have hypothesized that beyond the modulation of CETP activity carried out by neutralizing antibodies, the observed molecular effects may also correspond to the direct action of peptide seq-1 on diverse cellular systems and molecular features involved in the development of liver fibrosis. METHODS The HepG2 hepatoma-derived cell line was employed to establish an in vitro steatosis model. To obtain a conditioned cell medium to be used with hepatic stellate cell (HSC) cultures, HepG2 cells were exposed to fatty acids or fatty acids plus peptide seq-1, and the culture medium was collected. Gene regulation of COL1A1, ACTA2, TGF-β, and the expression of proteins COL1A1, MMP-2, and TIMP-2 were studied. AIM To establish an in vitro steatosis model employing HepG2 cells that mimics molecular processes observed in vivo during the onset of liver fibrosis. To evaluate the effect of peptide Seq-1 on lipid accumulation and pro-fibrotic responses. To study the effect of Seq-1-treated steatotic HepG2 cell supernatants on lipid accumulation, oxidative stress, and pro-fibrotic responses in HSC. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION Peptide seq-1-treated HepG2 cells show a downregulation of COLIA1, ACTA2, and TGF-β genes, and a decreased expression of proteins such as COL1A1, MMP-2, and TIMP-2, associated with the remodeling of extracellular matrix components. The same results are observed when HSCs are incubated with peptide Seq-1-treated steatotic HepG2 cell supernatants. The present study consolidates the nasal vaccine HB-ATV-8 as a new prospect in the treatment of NASH directly associated with the development of cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ismael Luna-Reyes
- Cellular Physiology Institute, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Blanca Delgado-Coello
- Cellular Physiology Institute, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Roxana Gutiérrez-Vidal
- Researchers Program for Mexico CONAHCYT, Mexico City, Mexico; Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Cinvestav Unidad Monterey, Apodaca, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | | | - Jaime Mas-Oliva
- Cellular Physiology Institute, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico.
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Gallagher K, Bernstein I, Collings C, Main D, Ahmad G, Naughton S, Daddam J, Mavangira V, Vandehaar M, Zhou Z. Abomasal infusion of branched-chain amino acids or branched-chain keto-acids alter lactation performance and liver triglycerides in fresh cows. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2024; 15:13. [PMID: 38281954 PMCID: PMC10823655 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-023-00973-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dairy cows are at high risk of fatty liver disease in early lactation, but current preventative measures are not always effective. Cows with fatty liver have lower circulating branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) concentrations whereas cows with high circulating BCAA levels have low liver triglyceride (TG). Our objective was to determine the impact of BCAA and their corresponding ketoacids (branched-chain ketoacids, BCKA) on production performance and liver TG accumulation in Holstein cows in the first 3 weeks postpartum. METHODS Thirty-six multiparous Holstein cows were used in a randomized block design experiment. Cows were abomasally infused for the first 21 d postpartum with solutions of 1) saline (CON, n = 12); 2) BCA (67 g valine, 50 g leucine, and 34 g isoleucine, n = 12); and 3) BCK (77 g 2-ketovaline calcium salt, 57 g 2-ketoleucine calcium salt, and 39 g 2-ketoisoleucine calcium salt, n = 12). All cows received the same diet. Treatment effects were determined using PROC GLIMMIX in SAS. RESULTS No differences were detected for body weight, body condition score, or dry matter intake averaged over the first 21 d postpartum. Cows receiving BCK had significantly lower liver TG concentrations compared to CON (6.60% vs. 4.77%, standard error of the mean (SEM) 0.49) during the first 3 weeks of lactation. Infusion of BCA increased milk yield (39.5 vs. 35.3 kg/d, SEM 1.8), milk fat yield (2.10 vs. 1.69 kg/d, SEM 0.08), and lactose yield (2.11 vs. 1.67 kg/d, SEM 0.07) compared with CON. Compared to CON, cows receiving BCA had lower plasma glucose (55.0 vs. 59.2 mg/dL, SEM 0.86) but higher β-hydroxybutyrate (9.17 vs. 6.00 mg/dL, SEM 0.80). CONCLUSIONS Overall, BCAA supplementation in this study improved milk production, whereas BCKA supplementation reduced TG accumulation in the liver of fresh cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen Gallagher
- Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, 48824, USA
| | - Isabelle Bernstein
- Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, 48824, USA
| | - Cynthia Collings
- Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, 48824, USA
| | - David Main
- Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, 48824, USA
| | - Ghayyoor Ahmad
- Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, 48824, USA
| | - Sarah Naughton
- Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, 48824, USA
| | - Jayasimha Daddam
- Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, 48824, USA
| | - Vengai Mavangira
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, Ames, 50011, USA
| | - Mike Vandehaar
- Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, 48824, USA
| | - Zheng Zhou
- Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, 48824, USA.
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Yang H, Zhang T, Song W, Peng Z, Zhu Y, Huang Y, Li X, Zhang Z, Tang M, Yang W. Dietary inflammatory potential is associated with higher odds of hepatic steatosis in US adults: a cross-sectional study. Public Health Nutr 2023; 26:2936-2944. [PMID: 37807893 PMCID: PMC10755422 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980023001970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Inflammation plays a critical role in the progression of chronic liver diseases, and diet can modulate inflammation. Whether an inflammatory dietary pattern is associated with higher risk of hepatic steatosis or fibrosis remains unclear. We aimed to investigate the associations between inflammatory dietary pattern and the odds of hepatic steatosis and fibrosis. DESIGN In this nationwide cross-sectional study, diet was measured using two 24-h dietary recalls. Empirical dietary inflammatory pattern (EDIP) score was derived to assess the inflammatory potential of usual diet, which has been validated to highly predict inflammation markers in the study population. Controlled attenuation parameter (CAP) and liver stiffness measurement (LSM) were derived from FibroScan to define steatosis and fibrosis, respectively. SETTING US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. PARTICIPANTS 4171 participants aged ≥18 years. RESULTS A total of 1436 participants were diagnosed with S1 steatosis (CAP ≥ 274 dB/m), 255 with advanced fibrosis (LSM ≥ 9·7 kPa). Compared with those in the lowest tertile of EDIP-adherence scores, participants in the highest tertile had 74 % higher odds of steatosis (OR: 1·74, 95 % CI (1·26, 2·41)). Such positive association persisted among never drinkers, or participants who were free of hepatitis B and/or C. Similarly, EDIP was positively associated with CAP in multivariate linear model (P < 0·001). We found a non-significant association of EDIP score with advanced fibrosis or LSM (P = 0·837). CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that a diet score that is associated with inflammatory markers is associated with hepatic steatosis. Reducing or avoiding pro-inflammatory diets intake might be an attractive strategy for fatty liver disease prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hu Yang
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui230032, People’s Republic of China
- Taizhou Central Hospital (Taizhou University Hospital), Taizhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tengfei Zhang
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui230032, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wen Song
- Department of Interventional Radiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhaohong Peng
- Department of Interventional Radiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yu Zhu
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui230032, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yong Huang
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui230032, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiude Li
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui230032, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhuang Zhang
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui230032, People’s Republic of China
| | - Min Tang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology and Clinical Nutrition, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wanshui Yang
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui230032, People’s Republic of China
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Tao Q, Zhang C, Mercier G, Lunetta K, Ang TFA, Akhter‐Khan S, Zhang Z, Taylor A, Killiany RJ, Alosco M, Mez J, Au R, Zhang X, Farrer LA, Qiu WWQ. Identification of an APOE ε4-specific blood-based molecular pathway for Alzheimer's disease risk. ALZHEIMER'S & DEMENTIA (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2023; 15:e12490. [PMID: 37854772 PMCID: PMC10579631 DOI: 10.1002/dad2.12490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The precise apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4-specific molecular pathway(s) for Alzheimer's disease (AD) risk are unclear. METHODS Plasma protein modules/cascades were analyzed using weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) in the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative study. Multivariable regression analyses were used to examine the associations among protein modules, AD diagnoses, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) phosphorylated tau (p-tau), and brain glucose metabolism, stratified by APOE genotype. RESULTS The Green Module was associated with AD diagnosis in APOE ε4 homozygotes. Three proteins from this module, C-reactive protein (CRP), complement C3, and complement factor H (CFH), had dose-dependent associations with CSF p-tau and cognitive impairment only in APOE ε4 homozygotes. The link among these three proteins and glucose hypometabolism was observed in brain regions of the default mode network (DMN) in APOE ε4 homozygotes. A Framingham Heart Study validation study supported the findings for AD. DISCUSSION The study identifies the APOE ε4-specific CRP-C3-CFH inflammation pathway for AD, suggesting potential drug targets for the disease.Highlights: Identification of an APOE ε4 specific molecular pathway involving blood CRP, C3, and CFH for the risk of AD.CRP, C3, and CFH had dose-dependent associations with CSF p-Tau and brain glucose hypometabolism as well as with cognitive impairment only in APOE ε4 homozygotes.Targeting CRP, C3, and CFH may be protective and therapeutic for AD onset in APOE ε4 carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiushan Tao
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology & BiophysicsBoston University School of MedicineBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Slone Epidemiology CenterSchool of Public HealthBoston University Medical Campus (BUMC)BostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Chao Zhang
- Section of Computational BiomedicineDepartment of MedicineBoston University School of MedicineBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Gustavo Mercier
- Section of Molecular Imaging and Nuclear MedicineDepartment of RadiologyBoston University School of MedicineBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Kathryn Lunetta
- Slone Epidemiology CenterSchool of Public HealthBoston University Medical Campus (BUMC)BostonMassachusettsUSA
- Department of BiostatisticsBoston University School of Public HealthBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Ting Fang Alvin Ang
- Slone Epidemiology CenterSchool of Public HealthBoston University Medical Campus (BUMC)BostonMassachusettsUSA
- Department of Anatomy & NeurobiologyBoston University School of MedicineBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Samia Akhter‐Khan
- Department of Health Service & Population ResearchKing's College London, LondonDavid Goldberg CentreLondonUK
| | - Zhengrong Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology & BiophysicsBoston University School of MedicineBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Andrew Taylor
- Department of OphthalmologyBoston University School of MedicineBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Ronald J. Killiany
- Department of Anatomy & NeurobiologyBoston University School of MedicineBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Michael Alosco
- Department of NeurologyBoston University School of MedicineBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Jesse Mez
- Department of NeurologyBoston University School of MedicineBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Alzheimer's Disease and CTE CentersBoston University School of MedicineBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Rhoda Au
- Slone Epidemiology CenterSchool of Public HealthBoston University Medical Campus (BUMC)BostonMassachusettsUSA
- Department of Anatomy & NeurobiologyBoston University School of MedicineBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Xiaoling Zhang
- Department of MedicineBoston University School of MedicineBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Lindsay A. Farrer
- Alzheimer's Disease and CTE CentersBoston University School of MedicineBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Department of MedicineBoston University School of MedicineBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Wendy Wei Qiao Qiu
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology & BiophysicsBoston University School of MedicineBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Alzheimer's Disease and CTE CentersBoston University School of MedicineBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Department of PsychiatryBoston University School of MedicineBostonMassachusettsUSA
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Solanki N, Patel R. Unraveling the mechanisms of trans-cinnamic acid in ameliorating non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Am J Transl Res 2023; 15:5747-5756. [PMID: 37854239 PMCID: PMC10579026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is increasing significantly due to high amounts of fat and fructose in the diet. Phytochemicals present in herbal plants and nutrients present in food play vital roles in the management of NAFLD. One of these is trans-cinnamic acid (TCA). We are evaluate the role of TCA in NAFLD induced by a high-fat, high-fructose diet. METHODOLOGY Rats fed a high-fat, high-fructose (HFHF) diet for ten weeks exhibited distinct signs of NAFLD. Rats were given TCA (10 mg/kg, 20 mg/kg, and 40 mg/kg) and pioglitazone (10 mg/kg) for four weeks along with a HFHF diet. At the end, body weight, food intake, liver, lipid measurements, TNF-α, antioxidants, and histopathology were evaluated. RESULTS TCA significantly decreased serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase and glutamic pyruvic transaminase in rats. Serum cholesterol, triglyceride, and low-density lipid levels were substantially decreased in TCA-treated rats compared to diseased controls. Superoxide dismutase, glutathione, and malondialdehyde were significantly decreased in rats treated with a high dose of TCA (40 mg/kg) compared to HFFD-fed rats. HFFD-fed rats exhibited fatty liver alterations, whereas rats treated with TCA exhibited significantly fewer morphologic changes associated with fatty liver disease. TCA at a high dose exhibited decreased TNF-α levels, thereby decreasing hepatic inflammation. CONCLUSION TCA proved its role in the treatment of NAFLD by substantially reducing liver enzymes, pro-inflammatory markers (TNF-α), and lipid markers. Inclusion of TCA as a therapeutic regimen alongside diet-based treatment undoubtedly has therapeutic potential in NAFLD and related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilay Solanki
- Department of Pharmacology, Ramanbhai Patel College of Pharmacy, Charotar University of Science and Technology, CHARUSAT Campus Changa 388421, Gujarat, India
| | - Riya Patel
- Department of Pharmacology, Ramanbhai Patel College of Pharmacy, Charotar University of Science and Technology, CHARUSAT Campus Changa 388421, Gujarat, India
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Song B, He J, Pan X, Kong L, Xiao C, Keerqin C, Song Z. Dietary Macleaya cordata extract supplementation improves the growth performance and gut health of broiler chickens with necrotic enteritis. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2023; 14:113. [PMID: 37674220 PMCID: PMC10483844 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-023-00916-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The poultry industry needs effective antibiotic alternatives to control outbreaks of necrotic enteritis (NE) caused by Clostridium perfringens. METHODS The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation with Macleaya cordata extract (MCE) on the immune function and gut microbiota of broilers with NE. A total of 288 1-day-old broiler chicks were randomly assigned to a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement with two concentrations of dietary MCE supplementation (0 or 350 mg/kg of diet) and two disease challenge statuses (control or NE). RESULTS The results revealed that NE significantly increased the feed conversion rate (FCR), mortality, intestinal lesion score, the levels of IL-1β, IL-17 and IFN-γ/IL-4 in serum and IL-17/IL-10 in the jejunal mucosa, mRNA levels of TLR2, IFN-γ and pIgR in the jejunum, and Clostridium perfringens concentrations in the cecum. NE significantly decreased the body weight (BW), body weight gain (BWG), jejunal villus height, V/C, mRNA level of AMPK-α1 in jejunum, IL-4 level in the jejunal mucosa and lactic acid bacteria abundance in the cecum. MCE significantly increased BW, BWG, jejunal villus height, V/C, mRNA levels of occludin, ZO-1 and AMPK-α1 in the jejunum, the levels of IgA and IgG in serum and IL-10 in the jejunal mucosa and mRNA levels of NF-κB, IL-10 and MHC-II in the jejunum. Additionally, MCE significantly decreased the FCR, mortality, intestinal lesion score, jejunal crypt depth, the levels of IFN-γ and IL-17 in serum and IL-17/IL-10 in the jejunal mucosa, Clostridium perfringens concentrations in the cecum, and mRNA levels of IL-17/IL-10 in the jejunum. Moreover, NE significantly increased the abundance of bacteria that are associated with inflammation, obesity and depression (Alistipes, Barnesiella, Intestinimonas, RF39 and UCG-005) and significantly decreased the abundance of short-chain fatty acid (SCFA)-producing bacteria (Anaerotruncus, Butyricicoccus and Bacteroides) in the cecum. MCE significantly increased the abundance of SCFA-producing bacteria (Streptococcus, Ruminococcus_torques_group and Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136_group) and significantly reduced the abundance of bacteria that are associated with inflammation and obesity (Alistipes, Barnesiella and UCG-010) in the cecum. In the cecum of broilers with NE, the relative abundance of Barnesiella and Alistipes was higher and that of Lachnoclostridium and Shuttleworthia was lower. Interestingly, these trends were reversed by the addition of MCE to the diet. Spearman correlation analysis showed that Barnesiella and Alistipes were associated with enhanced intestinal inflammation and inhibited growth performance, whereas Lachnoclostridium and Shuttleworthia were associated with anti-inflammatory effects. CONCLUSIONS MCE ameliorated the loss of growth performance in broiler chickens with NE, probably by regulating the intestinal barrier, immune function, and gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bochen Song
- Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Non-Grain Feed Resources, College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Jie He
- Center for Mitochondria and Healthy Ageing, College of Life Sciences, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, Shandong, China
| | - Xue Pan
- Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Non-Grain Feed Resources, College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Linglian Kong
- Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Non-Grain Feed Resources, College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Chuanpi Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Non-Grain Feed Resources, College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, Shandong, China
- Precision Livestock and Nutrition Unit, University of Liège, Gembloux Agro-Bio TechGembloux, Belgium
| | - Chake Keerqin
- Phytobiotics (Jiangsu) Biotech Co., Ltd., Jintan, 213200, China
| | - Zhigang Song
- Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Non-Grain Feed Resources, College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, Shandong, China.
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Arif A, Farooq A, Abbasi MH, Khawar MB, Akhtar T, Ali HA, Anjum M, Mehmood R, Saleem T, Sheikh N. Effect of heterologous platelet-rich plasma on liver and modulation of glucose metabolism and Wnt signalling pathways in diabetic mice. Mol Biol Rep 2023; 50:7145-7154. [PMID: 37407802 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-08600-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The current study was designed to highlight the effects of heterologous platelet-rich plasma (PRP) on deteriorated hepatic tissues and impaired glucose metabolism of alloxan-induced diabetic mice. METHODS 30 male mice were divided into a control (CG), PRP (PG), diabetic (DG), and two treated groups (T1G and T2G). PG was given PRP treatment (0.5 ml/kg body weight) twice a week for four weeks. DG, T1G and T2G were given alloxan (150 mg/kg) to induce diabetes. After confirmation, PRP treatment was given to T1G and T2G for two and four weeks respectively while DG was left untreated. Upon completion of the said experimental period, liver samples were taken for histological and gene expression analyses. RESULTS The study found that the liver tissue of the DG group showed signs of damage, including hepatocyte ballooning, sinusoid dilatation, and collagen deposition. However, these changes were significantly reduced in both T1G and T2G groups. The expression of several genes related to liver function was also affected, with upregulation of Fbp1 and Pklr, and downregulation of Pck1 in the DG group. PRP treatment restored Fbp1 expression and also increased the expression of glycolytic pathway genes Hk1 and Gck, as well as Wnt signalling pathway genes Wnt2, Wnt4, and Wnt9a in both treated groups. CONCLUSION Current study revealed that heterologous PRP may partly alleviate high glucose levels in diabetics possibly by mediating glucose metabolism via inhibition of Wnt signalling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amin Arif
- Cell and Molecular Biology Lab, Institute of Zoology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Adil Farooq
- Department of Zoology, University of Okara, Okara, Pakistan
| | | | - Muhammad Babar Khawar
- Applied Molecular Biology and Biomedicine Lab, Department of Zoology, University of Narowal, Narowal, Pakistan
| | - Tasleem Akhtar
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Health Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | | | - Mehreen Anjum
- Department of Zoology, University of Okara, Okara, Pakistan
| | - Rabia Mehmood
- Cell and Molecular Biology Lab, Institute of Zoology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
- Department of Zoology, University of Central Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Tayyaba Saleem
- Cell and Molecular Biology Lab, Institute of Zoology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Nadeem Sheikh
- Cell and Molecular Biology Lab, Institute of Zoology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan.
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Johnson S, Bao H, McMahon C, Chen Y, Burr S, Anderson A, Madeyski-Bengtson K, Lindén D, Han X, Liu J. Substrate-Specific Function of PNPLA3 Facilitates Hepatic VLDL-Triglyceride Secretion During Stimulated Lipogenesis. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.08.30.553213. [PMID: 37693552 PMCID: PMC10491159 DOI: 10.1101/2023.08.30.553213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
The I148M variant of PNPLA3 is strongly linked to hepatic steatosis. Evidence suggests a gain-of-function role for the I148M mutant as an ATGL inhibitor, leaving the physiological relevance of wild-type PNPLA3 undefined. Here we show that PNPLA3 selectively degrades triglycerides (TGs) enriched in polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) independently of ATGL in cultured cells and mice. Lipidomics and metabolite tracing analyses demonstrated that PNPLA3 mobilizes PUFAs from intracellular TGs for phospholipid desaturation, supporting hepatic secretion of TG-rich lipoproteins. Consequently, mice with liver-specific knockout or acute knockdown of PNPLA3 both exhibited aggravated liver steatosis and concomitant decreases in plasma VLDL-TG, phenotypes that manifest only under lipogenic conditions. I148M-knockin mice similarly displayed impaired hepatic TG secretion during lipogenic stimulation. Our results highlight a specific context whereby PNPLA3 facilitates the balance between hepatic TG storage and secretion and suggest the potential contributions of I148M variant loss-of-function to the development of hepatic steatosis in humans. Summary Statement We define the physiological role of wild type PNPLA3 in maintaining hepatic VLDL-TG secretion.
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18
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Päivärinta J, Anastasiou IA, Koivuviita N, Sharma K, Nuutila P, Ferrannini E, Solini A, Rebelos E. Renal Perfusion, Oxygenation and Metabolism: The Role of Imaging. J Clin Med 2023; 12:5141. [PMID: 37568543 PMCID: PMC10420088 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12155141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Thanks to technical advances in the field of medical imaging, it is now possible to study key features of renal anatomy and physiology, but so far poorly explored due to the inherent difficulties in studying both the metabolism and vasculature of the human kidney. In this narrative review, we provide an overview of recent research findings on renal perfusion, oxygenation, and substrate uptake. Most studies evaluating renal perfusion with positron emission tomography (PET) have been performed in healthy controls, and specific target populations like obese individuals or patients with renovascular disease and chronic kidney disease (CKD) have rarely been assessed. Functional magnetic resonance (fMRI) has also been used to study renal perfusion in CKD patients, and recent studies have addressed the kidney hemodynamic effects of therapeutic agents such as glucagon-like receptor agonists (GLP-1RA) and sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2-i) in an attempt to characterise the mechanisms leading to their nephroprotective effects. The few available studies on renal substrate uptake are discussed. In the near future, these imaging modalities will hopefully become widely available with researchers more acquainted with them, gaining insights into the complex renal pathophysiology in acute and chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Päivärinta
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Turku University Hospital, 20521 Turku, Finland; (J.P.); (N.K.)
| | - Ioanna A. Anastasiou
- 1st Department of Propaedeutic and Internal Medicine, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laiko General Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece;
| | - Niina Koivuviita
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Turku University Hospital, 20521 Turku, Finland; (J.P.); (N.K.)
| | - Kanishka Sharma
- Department of Imaging, Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK;
| | - Pirjo Nuutila
- Turku PET Centre, 20521 Turku, Finland;
- Department of Endocrinology, Turku University Hospital, 20521 Turku, Finland
| | - Ele Ferrannini
- CNR, Institute of Clinical Physiology, 56124 Pisa, Italy;
| | - Anna Solini
- Department of Surgical, Medical, Molecular and Critical Area Pathology, University of Pisa, 56124 Pisa, Italy;
| | - Eleni Rebelos
- Turku PET Centre, 20521 Turku, Finland;
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56124 Pisa, Italy
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19
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Sarkar K, Bank S, Chatterjee A, Dutta K, Das A, Chakraborty S, Paul N, Sarkar J, De S, Ghosh S, Acharyya K, Chattopadhyay D, Das M. Hyaluronic acid-graphene oxide quantum dots nanoconjugate as dual purpose drug delivery and therapeutic agent in meta-inflammation. J Nanobiotechnology 2023; 21:246. [PMID: 37528408 PMCID: PMC10394801 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-023-02015-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) predominantly considered a metabolic disease is now being considered an inflammatory disease as well due to the involvement of meta-inflammation. Obesity-induced adipose tissue inflammation (ATI) is one of the earliest phenomena in the case of meta-inflammation, leading to the advent of insulin resistance (IR) and T2DM. The key events of ATI are orchestrated by macrophages, which aggravate the inflammatory state in the tissue upon activation, ultimately leading to systemic chronic low-grade inflammation and Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis (NASH) through the involvement of proinflammatory cytokines. The CD44 receptor on macrophages is overexpressed in ATI, NASH, and IR. Therefore, we developed a CD44 targeted Hyaluronic Acid functionalized Graphene Oxide Quantum Dots (GOQD-HA) nanocomposite for tissue-specific delivery of metformin. Metformin-loaded GOQD-HA (GOQD-HA-Met) successfully downregulated the expression of proinflammatory cytokines and restored antioxidant status at lower doses than free metformin in both palmitic acid-induced RAW264.7 cells and diet induced obese mice. Our study revealed that the GOQD-HA nanocarrier enhanced the efficacy of Metformin primarily by acting as a therapeutic agent apart from being a drug delivery platform. The therapeutic properties of GOQD-HA stem from both HA and GOQD having anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties respectively. This study unravels the function of GOQD-HA as a targeted drug delivery option for metformin in meta-inflammation where the nanocarrier itself acts as a therapeutic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunal Sarkar
- Department of Zoology, University of Calcutta, 35 Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata, 700019, India
| | - Sarbashri Bank
- Department of Zoology, University of Calcutta, 35 Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata, 700019, India
| | - Arindam Chatterjee
- Department of Zoology, University of Calcutta, 35 Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata, 700019, India
| | - Koushik Dutta
- Department of Polymer Science and Technology, University of Calcutta, 92 A.P.C. Road, Kolkata, 700009, India
| | - Anwesha Das
- Department of Zoology, University of Calcutta, 35 Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata, 700019, India
| | - Santanu Chakraborty
- Department of Zoology, University of Calcutta, 35 Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata, 700019, India
| | - Nirvika Paul
- Department of Zoology, University of Calcutta, 35 Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata, 700019, India
| | - Jit Sarkar
- Molecular and Applied Mycology and Plant Pathology Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, 700019, India
| | - Sriparna De
- Department of Allied Health Sciences, Brainware University, Kolkata, 700129, India
| | - Sudakshina Ghosh
- Department of Zoology, Vidyasagar College for Women, Kolkata, 700006, India
| | - Krishnendu Acharyya
- Molecular and Applied Mycology and Plant Pathology Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, 700019, India
| | - Dipankar Chattopadhyay
- Department of Polymer Science and Technology, University of Calcutta, 92 A.P.C. Road, Kolkata, 700009, India
| | - Madhusudan Das
- Department of Zoology, University of Calcutta, 35 Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata, 700019, India.
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20
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Tejada Nunes V, Gonçalves IL, Martinez Oliveira P, Lima Feksa D, Muller de Moura Sarmento S, Erminda Schreiner G, Klock C, Casanova Petry C, da Costa Escobar Piccoli J, Manfredini V, Casagrande Denardin C. Aqueous extract of pummelo pulp (Citrus maxima) improves the biochemical profile and reduces the inflammation process in Wistar rats with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Food Chem Toxicol 2023; 178:113933. [PMID: 37419271 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2023.113933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the effect of pummelo extract (Citrus maxima) on biochemical, inflammatory, antioxidant and histological changes in NAFLD rats. Forty male Wistar rats divided into four groups were used: (1) control group; (2) fructose associated with high-fat diet - DHF; (3) normal diet + pummelo extract (50 mg/kg); and (4) FHD + pummelo extract. This was administered at dose of 50 mg/kg of the animal's weight, by gavage, for 45 days. Significant improvement in lipid profile, liver and kidney function, inflammation, oxidative stress markers was identified in group 4 compared to group 2. Regarding TNF-α and IL-1β, group 2 showed higher values (respectively 142, 5 ± 0.7 and 560.5 ± 2.7 pg/mg protein) compared to group 4 (respectively 91.4 ± 0.9 and 402.1.4 ± 0.9 pg/mg protein), p < 0.05. Significant increases were found in SOD and CAT activities, respectively 0.10 ± 0.06 and 8.62 ± 1.67 U/mg protein for group 2 and respectively 0.28 ± 0.08 and 21.52 ± 2.28 U/mg of protein for group 4. Decreases in triglycerides, hepatic cholesterol and fat droplets in hepatic tissue were observed in group 4 compared to group 2. Results highlight that pummelo extract may be useful for prevent the development of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinícius Tejada Nunes
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Pampa, Campus Uruguaiana, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
| | - Itamar Luís Gonçalves
- Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Regional Integrada Alto Uruguai e Missões, Sete de Setembro Avenue, 1621, Erechim, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Patricia Martinez Oliveira
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Pampa, Campus Uruguaiana, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Denise Lima Feksa
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Pampa, Campus Uruguaiana, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Sílvia Muller de Moura Sarmento
- Programa de Pós-graduação Multicêntrico em Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Federal do Pampa, Campus Uruguaiana, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Gênifer Erminda Schreiner
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Pampa, Campus Uruguaiana, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Clóvis Klock
- Grupo Infolaudo e Medicina Diagnóstica, Erechim, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | | | | | - Vanusa Manfredini
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Pampa, Campus Uruguaiana, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Cristiane Casagrande Denardin
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Pampa, Campus Uruguaiana, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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21
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Ahmad F, Calabrese CM, Terranegra A. The Era of Precision Nutrition in the Field of Reproductive Health and Pregnancy. Nutrients 2023; 15:3128. [PMID: 37513546 PMCID: PMC10384942 DOI: 10.3390/nu15143128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
When it comes to reproductive health, various lifestyle habits can act as major contributors to either an optimized or worsened scenario of female and male fertility [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatima Ahmad
- Division of Biological and Biomedical Sciences (BBS), College of Health & Life Sciences (CHLS), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Doha 34110, Qatar
- Sidra Medicine, Translational Medicine Department, Doha 26999, Qatar
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22
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Chen Z, Chen M, Zeng P, Yang X, Li Q. Association of aspirin with all-cause and cardiocerebrovascular mortality in patients with metabolic associated fatty liver disease. Scand J Gastroenterol 2023; 58:908-914. [PMID: 36799202 DOI: 10.1080/00365521.2023.2179864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies on aspirin's effects on metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) are limited. The aim of this study was to assess the association between aspirin and all-cause and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality in individuals with MAFLD. METHODS Data were acquired from the National Health And Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) III. MAFLD diagnosis was consistent with that of international expert consensus. The independent association between aspirin and all-cause and CVD mortality in participants with MAFLD was evaluated by multiple Cox regression. Stratified analyses and interaction tests were performed to investigate whether covariates modified the association between aspirin and MAFLD mortality. RESULTS Of 4594 eligible participants, 3,162 (68.83%) never took aspirin (0 times/month), 962 (20.94%) took it occasionally (1-14 times/month) and 470 (10.23%) took it regularly (≥15 times/month). Multiple cox regression showed that aspirin was not associated with overall mortality for MAFLD individuals. Stratified analysis revealed that in middle-aged (45-59 years) participants with MAFLD, occasional aspirin use was associated with low all-cause mortality risk (HR = 0.61, 95% CI = 0.43-0.86), while there was no significant association between aspirin and all-cause mortality among the young or the elderly. CONCLUSIONS We found that the association between aspirin and all-cause MAFLD mortality varies by both age and frequency of administration. More prospective studies are needed to explore aspirin's influence on MALFD mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhisheng Chen
- The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, P.R. China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Mengxin Chen
- The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, P.R. China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Ping Zeng
- The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, P.R. China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Xiaobo Yang
- The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, P.R. China
- Chinese Medicine Syndrome Research Team, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Qian Li
- The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, P.R. China
- Chinese Medicine Syndrome Research Team, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, P.R. China
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23
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San J, Hu J, Pang H, Zuo W, Su N, Guo Z, Wu G, Yang J. Taurine Protects against the Fatty Liver Hemorrhagic Syndrome in Laying Hens through the Regulation of Mitochondrial Homeostasis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10360. [PMID: 37373507 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241210360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is a chronic liver disease caused by fat deposition in the liver of humans and mammals, while fatty liver hemorrhagic syndrome (FLHS) is a fatty liver disease in laying hens which can increase the mortality and cause severe economic losses to the laying industry. Increasing evidence has shown a close relationship between the occurrence of fatty liver disease and the disruption of mitochondrial homeostasis. Studies have proven that taurine can regulate hepatic fat metabolism, reduce hepatic fatty deposition, inhibit oxidative stress, and alleviate mitochondrial dysfunction. However, the mechanisms by which taurine regulates mitochondrial homeostasis in hepatocytes need to be further studied. In this study, we determined the effects and mechanisms of taurine on high-energy low-protein diet-induced FLHS in laying hens and in cultured hepatocytes in free fatty acid (FFA)-induced steatosis. The liver function, lipid metabolism, antioxidant capacity, mitochondrial function, mitochondrial dynamics, autophagy, and biosynthesis were detected. The results showed impaired liver structure and function, mitochondrial damage and dysfunction, lipid accumulation, and imbalance between mitochondrial fusion and fission, mitochondrial autophagy, and biosynthesis in both FLHS hens and steatosis hepatocytes. Taurine administration can significantly inhibit the occurrence of FLHS, protect mitochondria in hepatocytes from disease induced by lipid accumulation and FFA, up-regulate the expression levels of Mfn1, Mfn2, Opa1, LC3I, LC3II, PINK1, PGC-1α, Nrf1, Nrf2, and Tfam, and down-regulate the expression levels of Fis1, Drp1, and p62. In conclusion, taurine can protect laying hens from FLHS through the regulation of mitochondrial homeostasis, including the regulation of mitochondrial dynamics, autophagy, and biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jishuang San
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, College of Animal Science & Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Jianmin Hu
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, College of Animal Science & Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Huiping Pang
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, College of Animal Science & Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Wenjun Zuo
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, College of Animal Science & Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Na Su
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, College of Animal Science & Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Zimeng Guo
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, College of Animal Science & Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Gaofeng Wu
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, College of Animal Science & Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Jiancheng Yang
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, College of Animal Science & Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
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24
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Renal toxicity and biokinetics models after repeated uranium instillation. Sci Rep 2023; 13:4111. [PMID: 36914734 PMCID: PMC10011524 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-31073-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/15/2023] Open
Abstract
During nuclear fuel processing, workers can potentially be exposed to repeated inhalations of uranium compounds. Uranium nephrotoxicity is well documented after acute uranium intake, but it is controversial after long-term or protracted exposure. This study aims to analyze the nephrotoxicity threshold after repeated uranium exposure through upper airways and to investigate the resulting uranium biokinetics in comparison to reference models. Mice (C57BL/6J) were exposed to uranyl nitrate (0.03-3 mg/kg/day) via intranasal instillation four times a week for two weeks. Concentrations of uranium in urines and tissues were measured at regular time points (from day 1 to 91 post-exposure). At each exposure level, the amount of uranium retained in organs/tissues (kidney, lung, bone, nasal compartment, carcass) and excreta (urine, feces) reflected the two consecutive weeks of instillation except for renal uranium retention for the highest uranium dose. Nephrotoxicity biomarkers, KIM-1, clusterin and osteopontin, are induced from day 4 to day 21 and associated with changes in renal function (arterial fluxes) measured using non-invasive functional imaging (Doppler-ultrasonography) and confirmed by renal histopathological analysis. These results suggest that specific biokinetic models should be developed to consider altered uranium excretion and retention in kidney due to nephrotoxicity. The threshold is between 0.25 and 1 mg/kg/day after repeated exposure to uranium via upper airways.
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25
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Hov JR, Karlsen TH. The microbiota and the gut-liver axis in primary sclerosing cholangitis. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2023; 20:135-154. [PMID: 36352157 DOI: 10.1038/s41575-022-00690-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) offers unique opportunities to explore the gut-liver axis owing to the close association between liver disease and colonic inflammation. It is well established that the gut microbiota in people with PSC differs from that of healthy individuals, but details of the microbial factors that demarcate PSC from inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) without PSC are poorly understood. In this Review, we aim to provide an overview of the latest literature on the gut microbiome in PSC and PSC with IBD, critically examining hypotheses on how microorganisms could contribute to the pathogenesis of PSC. A particular emphasis will be put on pathogenic features of the gut microbiota that might explain the occurrence of bile duct inflammation and liver disease in the context of IBD, and we postulate the potential existence of a specific yet unknown factor related to the gut-liver axis as causative in PSC. Available data are scrutinized in the perspective of therapeutic approaches related to the gut-liver axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes R Hov
- Norwegian PSC Research Center and Section of gastroenterology and Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Division of Surgery, Inflammatory Diseases and Transplantation, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Tom H Karlsen
- Norwegian PSC Research Center and Section of gastroenterology and Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Division of Surgery, Inflammatory Diseases and Transplantation, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway. .,Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
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26
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Athesh K, Agnel Arul John N, Sridharan G, Brindha P, Alanazi AM, Rengasamy KRR, Balamuralikrishnan B, Liu WC, Vijaya Anand A. Protective Effect of Dolichos biflorus Seed Extract on 3T3-L1 Preadipocyte Differentiation and High-Fat Diet-Induced Obesity in Rats. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2023; 2023:1-14. [DOI: 10.1155/2023/6251200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is known to be one of the severe health issues worldwide, as its prevalence continues to rise as well as its association with other chronic diseases worsens. Even though various approaches have been underway to prevent or treat obesity, alternative approaches are in need to combat this chronic condition because of the unsatisfactory effectiveness and adverse side effects of the existing approaches. Dolichos biflorus L. seeds have been employed as a weight-loss treatment in folk medicine. Considering the necessity to develop a safe alternative remedy to rising obesity, the current investigation has been set up to assess the antiobesity potential and the mode of action of the aqueous seed extract of D. biflorus (ASEDB) in a cell line (3T3-L1) and high-fat diet (HFD)-induced rats. For in-vitro studies, 3T3-L1 cell lines were cultured in Dulbecco’s modified Eagle medium (DMEM) augmented with adipogenic-inducing medium and the influence of the extract (10 µg/mL–500 µg/mL) on 3T3-L1 adipocyte viability, adipogenesis, and lipolysis was assessed. An in-vitro study revealed maintenance of cell viability, reduced triglycerides (TG) accumulation, and promoted lipolysis in 3T3-L1 cells by ASEDB. Following in-vitro analysis, the HFD-induced obese rats were treated with ASEDB at different concentrations (100 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg, and 300 mg/kg) for 60 days and the effect was evaluated through various anthropometric and biochemical parameters. The findings revealed a significant decrement in total body weight, organ weights, fat pad weights, and restoration of abnormal levels of glucose, leptin, insulin, lipid markers, and antioxidant system to normal by ASEDB treatment. Also, pancreatic lipase inhibition analysis of ASEDB revealed a modest level of inhibition with an IC50 value of 213.3 µg/mL. All these findings exposed that ASEDB possesses pronounced antiobesity potential and exhibits its protective effect by suppressing food intake, reducing fat digestion and absorption, limiting adipogenesis, enhancing lipolysis, and alleviating oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kumaraswamy Athesh
- Department of Biochemistry, Srimad Andavan Arts and Science College (Autonomous), Affiliated to Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli 620005, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Nayagam Agnel Arul John
- Department of Biochemistry, Srimad Andavan Arts and Science College (Autonomous), Affiliated to Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli 620005, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Gurunagarajan Sridharan
- Department of Biochemistry, Srimad Andavan Arts and Science College (Autonomous), Affiliated to Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli 620005, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Pemiah Brindha
- The Centre for Advanced Research in Indian Systems of Medicine (CARISM), SASTRA University, Thanjavur 613401, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Amer M. Alanazi
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kannan R. R. Rengasamy
- Laboratory of Natural Products and Medicinal Chemistry (LNPMC), Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Chennai 600077, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Wen-Chao Liu
- Department of Animal Science, College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Arumugam Vijaya Anand
- Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Biology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641046, Tamil Nadu, India
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27
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Kelty TJ, Dashek RJ, Arnold WD, Rector RS. Emerging Links between Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Neurodegeneration. Semin Liver Dis 2023; 43:77-88. [PMID: 36764305 DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-1762585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
The association between liver and brain health has gained attention as biomarkers of liver function have been revealed to predict neurodegeneration. The liver is a central regulator in metabolic homeostasis. However, in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), homeostasis is disrupted which can result in extrahepatic organ pathologies. Emerging literature provides insight into the mechanisms behind the liver-brain health axis. These include the increased production of liver-derived factors that promote insulin resistance and loss of neuroprotective factors under conditions of NAFLD that increase insulin resistance in the central nervous system. In addition, elevated proinflammatory cytokines linked to NAFLD negatively impact the blood-brain barrier and increase neuroinflammation. Furthermore, exacerbated dyslipidemia associated with NAFLD and hepatic dysfunction can promote altered brain bioenergetics and oxidative stress. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge of the crosstalk between liver and brain as it relates to the pathophysiology between NAFLD and neurodegeneration, with an emphasis on Alzheimer's disease. We also highlight knowledge gaps and future areas for investigation to strengthen the potential link between NAFLD and neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor J Kelty
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri - Columbia, Columbia, Missouri
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri - Columbia, Columbia, Missouri
- NextGen Precision Health, University of Missouri - Columbia, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Ryan J Dashek
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri - Columbia, Columbia, Missouri
- NextGen Precision Health, University of Missouri - Columbia, Columbia, Missouri
- Comparative Medicine Program, University of Missouri - Columbia, Columbia, Missouri
| | - W David Arnold
- NextGen Precision Health, University of Missouri - Columbia, Columbia, Missouri
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Missouri - Columbia, Columbia, Missouri
| | - R Scott Rector
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri - Columbia, Columbia, Missouri
- NextGen Precision Health, University of Missouri - Columbia, Columbia, Missouri
- Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital, Columbia, Missouri
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Missouri - Columbia, Columbia, Missouri
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Albaugh VL, He Y, Münzberg H, Morrison CD, Yu S, Berthoud HR. Regulation of body weight: Lessons learned from bariatric surgery. Mol Metab 2023; 68:101517. [PMID: 35644477 PMCID: PMC9938317 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2022.101517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bariatric or weight loss surgery is currently the most effective treatment for obesity and metabolic disease. Unlike dieting and pharmacology, its beneficial effects are sustained over decades in most patients, and mortality is among the lowest for major surgery. Because there are not nearly enough surgeons to implement bariatric surgery on a global scale, intensive research efforts have begun to identify its mechanisms of action on a molecular level in order to replace surgery with targeted behavioral or pharmacological treatments. To date, however, there is no consensus as to the critical mechanisms involved. SCOPE OF REVIEW The purpose of this non-systematic review is to evaluate the existing evidence for specific molecular and inter-organ signaling pathways that play major roles in bariatric surgery-induced weight loss and metabolic benefits, with a focus on Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) and vertical sleeve gastrectomy (VSG), in both humans and rodents. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS Gut-brain communication and its brain targets of food intake control and energy balance regulation are complex and redundant. Although the relatively young science of bariatric surgery has generated a number of hypotheses, no clear and unique mechanism has yet emerged. It seems increasingly likely that the broad physiological and behavioral effects produced by bariatric surgery do not involve a single mechanism, but rather multiple signaling pathways. Besides a need to improve and better validate surgeries in animals, advanced techniques, including inducible, tissue-specific knockout models, and the use of humanized physiological traits will be necessary. State-of-the-art genetically-guided neural identification techniques should be used to more selectively manipulate function-specific pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vance L Albaugh
- Translational and Integrative Gastrointestinal and Endocrine Research Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Yanlin He
- Brain Glycemic and Metabolism Control Department, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Heike Münzberg
- Neurobiology of Nutrition & Metabolism Department, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Christopher D Morrison
- Neurobiology of Nutrition & Metabolism Department, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Sangho Yu
- Neurobiology of Nutrition & Metabolism Department, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Hans-Rudolf Berthoud
- Neurobiology of Nutrition & Metabolism Department, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA.
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Brunetto MR, Salvati A, Petralli G, Bonino F. Nutritional intervention in the management of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol 2023; 62-63:101830. [PMID: 37094914 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpg.2023.101830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
Abstract
Lifestyle modification is the primary intervention to control NAFLD progression, but despite evidence-based effectiveness it is difficult to distinguish the benefits of nutrition from physical activity and the optimal diet composition is not established. Macronutrients as saturated fatty acids, sugars and animal proteins are harmful in NAFLD and the Mediterranean Diet reducing sugar, red meat and refined carbohydrates and increasing unsaturated-fatty-acids was reported to be beneficial. However one size cannot fit all since NAFLD is a multifaceted syndrome encompassing many diseases of unknown etiologies, different clinical severity and outcomes. Studies of the intestinal metagenome, provided new insights into the physio-pathological interplay between intestinal microbiota and NAFLD. How much the microbiota heterogeneity can influence response to diet remains unknown. New knowledge indicates that AI guided personalized nutrition based on clinic-pathologic and genetic data combined with pre/post nutritional intervention gut metagenomics/metabolomics will be part of the future management of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurizia R Brunetto
- Hepatology Unit, Reference Centre of the Tuscany Region for Chronic Liver Disease and Cancer, University Hospital of Pisa, Via Paradisa 2, 56124, Pisa, Italy; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy; Institute of Biostructure and Bioimaging, National Research Council, Via De Amicis 95, 80145, Naples, Italy.
| | - Antonio Salvati
- Hepatology Unit, Reference Centre of the Tuscany Region for Chronic Liver Disease and Cancer, University Hospital of Pisa, Via Paradisa 2, 56124, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Giovanni Petralli
- Department of Surgical, Medical, Molecular and Critical Area Pathology, University of Pisa, Italy.
| | - Ferruccio Bonino
- Hepatology Unit, Reference Centre of the Tuscany Region for Chronic Liver Disease and Cancer, University Hospital of Pisa, Via Paradisa 2, 56124, Pisa, Italy; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
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Chen Y, Wang Y, Cui Z, Liu W, Liu B, Zeng Q, Zhao X, Dou J, Cao J. Endocrine disrupting chemicals: A promoter of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1154837. [PMID: 37033031 PMCID: PMC10075363 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1154837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most prevalent liver disorder. With the improvement in human living standards, the prevalence of NAFLD has been increasing in recent years. Endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are a class of exogenous chemicals that simulate the effects of hormones in the body. There has been growing evidence regarding the potential effects of EDCs on liver health, especially in NAFLD. This paper aims to summarize the major EDCs that contribute to the growing burden of NAFLD and to raise public awareness regarding the hazards posed by EDCs with the objective of reducing the incidence of NAFLD.
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Demiröz Taşolar S, Çiftçi N. Role of pan immune inflammatory value in the evaluation of hepatosteatosis in children and adolescents with obesity. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2022; 35:1481-1486. [PMID: 36284505 DOI: 10.1515/jpem-2022-0494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Inflammation is a feature of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease progression and plays an important role in hepatic steatosis and fibrosis. Since there are no studies in the literature showing the relationship between hepatosteatosis with the systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) and pan-immune inflammation value (PIV), we aimed to evaluate the relationship between these biomarkers and hepatosteatosis in childhood. METHODS We included 133 consecutive obese children and adolescents aged 6-18 years into this single-center, retrospective, and cross-sectional study. Anthropometric, physical examination, radiological and laboratory data were obtained and recorded from the file records of each case. RESULTS When we grouped the patient population according to the grade of hepatosteatosis, there was a statistically significant difference between the groups in terms of SII and PIV values (p<0.05, for both). In the analyzes performed to identify independent predictors of hepatosteatosis pubertal status (p=0.019) and PIV value (p<0.001) were found to be significant as independent predictors. Moreover, in the analysis performed to predict severity of hepatic steatosis, regression analysis was performed by dividing the groups into groups with and without severe adiposity. As a result of this analysis, HOMA-IR (p=0.019) and PIV value (p=0.028) were found to be significant in the prediction of severe hepatic adiposity. CONCLUSIONS Our findings showed that increased PIV levels were associated with the presence and severity of hepatic steatosis, but not with SII.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sevgi Demiröz Taşolar
- Department of Pediatric Radiology, Malatya Training and Research Hospital, Malatya, Turkiye
| | - Nurdan Çiftçi
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Malatya Training and Research Hospital, Malatya, Turkiye
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Shatta MA, El-Derany MO, Gibriel AA, El-Mesallamy HO. Rhamnetin ameliorates non-alcoholic steatosis and hepatocellular carcinoma in vitro. Mol Cell Biochem 2022:10.1007/s11010-022-04619-6. [DOI: 10.1007/s11010-022-04619-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
AbstractNon-alcoholic fatty liver (NAFLD) is a widespread disease with various complications including Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) that could lead to cirrhosis and ultimately hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Up till now there is no FDA approved drug for treatment of NAFLD. Flavonoids such as Rhamnetin (Rhm) have been ascribed effective anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative properties. Thus, Rhm as a potent flavonoid could target multiple pathological cascades causing NAFLD to prevent its progression into HCC. NAFLD is a multifactorial disease and its pathophysiology is complex and is currently challenged by the ‘Multiple-hit hypothesis’ that includes wider range of comorbidities rather than previously established theory of ‘Two-hit hypothesis’. Herein, we aimed at establishing reliable in vitro NASH models using different mixtures of variable ratios and concentrations of oleic acid (OA) and palmitic acid (PA) combinations using HepG2 cell lines. Moreover, we compared those models in the context of oil red staining, triglyceride levels and their altered downstream molecular signatures for genes involved in de novo lipogenesis, inflammation, oxidative stress and apoptotic machineries as well. Lastly, the effect of Rhm on NASH and HCC models was deeply investigated. Over the 10 NASH models tested, PA 500 µM concentration was the best model to mimic the molecular events of steatosis induced NAFLD. Rhm successfully ameliorated the dysregulated molecular events caused by the PA-induced NASH. Additionally, Rhm regulated inflammatory and oxidative machinery in the HepG2 cancerous cell lines. In conclusion, PA 500 µM concentration is considered an effective in vitro model to mimic NASH. Rhm could be used as a promising therapeutic modality against both NASH and HCC pathogenesis.
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Liao Y, Davies NA, Bogle IDL. A process systems Engineering approach to analysis of fructose consumption in the liver system and consequences for Non-Alcoholic fatty liver disease. Chem Eng Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2022.118131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Cheon SY, Song J. Novel insights into non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and dementia: insulin resistance, hyperammonemia, gut dysbiosis, vascular impairment, and inflammation. Cell Biosci 2022; 12:99. [PMID: 35765060 PMCID: PMC9237975 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-022-00836-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
AbstractNon-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a metabolic disease characterized by multiple pathologies. The progression of dementia with NAFLD may be affected by various risk factors, including brain insulin resistance, cerebrovascular dysfunction, gut dysbiosis, and neuroinflammation. Many recent studies have focused on the increasing prevalence of dementia in patients with NAFLD. Dementia is characterized by cognitive and memory deficits and has diverse subtypes, including vascular dementia, Alzheimer’s dementia, and diabetes mellitus-induced dementia. Considering the common pathological features of NAFLD and dementia, further studies on the association between them are needed to find appropriate therapeutic solutions for diseases. This review summarizes the common pathological characteristics and mechanisms of NAFLD and dementia. Additionally, it describes recent evidence on association between NAFLD and dementia progression and provides novel perspectives with regard to the treatment of patients with dementia secondary to NAFLD.
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Yu L, Zhao R, Wang C, Zhang C, Chu C, Zhao J, Zhang H, Zhai Q, Chen W, Zhang H, Tian F. Effects of garlic supplementation on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. J Funct Foods 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2022.105294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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Manoppo JIC, Pateda V, Prayogo C, Langi FLFG, Nurkolis F, Tsopmo A. Relationships of 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in obese children: A possible strategy to promote early screening of NAFLD. Front Nutr 2022; 9:1025396. [PMID: 36407527 PMCID: PMC9667029 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1025396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jeanette Irene Christiene Manoppo
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Sam Ratulangi University, Manado, Indonesia
- Department of Pediatrics, Prof. R. D. Kandou General Hospital, Manado, Indonesia
| | - Vivekenanda Pateda
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Sam Ratulangi University, Manado, Indonesia
- Department of Pediatrics, Prof. R. D. Kandou General Hospital, Manado, Indonesia
| | - Cindy Prayogo
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Sam Ratulangi University, Manado, Indonesia
- Department of Pediatrics, Prof. R. D. Kandou General Hospital, Manado, Indonesia
| | | | - Fahrul Nurkolis
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, State Islamic University of Sunan Kalijaga (UIN Sunan Kalijaga Yogyakarta), Yogyakarta, Indonesia
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Saponaro C, Sabatini S, Gaggini M, Carli F, Rosso C, Positano V, Armandi A, Caviglia GP, Faletti R, Bugianesi E, Gastaldelli A. Adipose tissue dysfunction and visceral fat are associated with hepatic insulin resistance and severity of NASH even in lean individuals. Liver Int 2022; 42:2418-2427. [PMID: 35900229 DOI: 10.1111/liv.15377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a heterogeneous disorder, but the factors that determine this heterogeneity remain poorly understood. Adipose tissue dysfunction is causally linked to NAFLD since it causes intrahepatic triglyceride (IHTG) accumulation through increased hepatic lipid flow, due to insulin resistance and pro-inflammatory adipokines release. While many studies in NAFLD have looked at total adiposity (i.e. mainly subcutaneous fat, SC-AT), it is still unclear the possible impact of visceral fat (VF). Thus, we investigated how VF versus SC-AT was related to NAFLD severity in lean, overweight and obese individuals versus lean controls. METHODS Thirty-two non-diabetic NAFLD with liver biopsy (BMI 21.4-34.7 kg/m2 ) and eight lean individuals (BMI 19.6-22.8 kg/m2 ) were characterized for fat distribution (VF, SC-AT and IHTG by magnetic resonance imaging), lipolysis and insulin resistance by tracer infusion, free fatty acids (FFAs) and triglyceride (TAG) concentration and composition (by mass spectrometry). RESULTS Intrahepatic triglyceride was positively associated with lipolysis, adipose tissue insulin resistance (Adipo-IR), TAG concentrations, and increased saturated/unsaturated FFA ratio. Compared to controls VF was higher in NAFLD (including lean individuals), increased with fibrosis stage and associated with insulin resistance in liver, muscle and adipose tissue, increased lipolysis and decreased adiponectin levels. Collectively, our results suggest that VF accumulation, given its location close to the liver, is one of the major risk factors for NAFLD. CONCLUSIONS These findings propose VF as an early indicator of NAFLD progression independently of BMI, which may allow for evidence-based prevention and intervention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Saponaro
- Cardiometabolic Risk Unit, Institute of Clinical Physiology, CNR, Pisa, Italy.,University of Lille, CHU Lille, Inserm U1190, EGID, Lille, France
| | - Silvia Sabatini
- Cardiometabolic Risk Unit, Institute of Clinical Physiology, CNR, Pisa, Italy
| | - Melania Gaggini
- Cardiometabolic Risk Unit, Institute of Clinical Physiology, CNR, Pisa, Italy
| | - Fabrizia Carli
- Cardiometabolic Risk Unit, Institute of Clinical Physiology, CNR, Pisa, Italy
| | - Chiara Rosso
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology and Laboratory of Diabetology, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | | | - Angelo Armandi
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology and Laboratory of Diabetology, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Gian Paolo Caviglia
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology and Laboratory of Diabetology, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Riccardo Faletti
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology and Laboratory of Diabetology, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Bugianesi
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology and Laboratory of Diabetology, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Amalia Gastaldelli
- Cardiometabolic Risk Unit, Institute of Clinical Physiology, CNR, Pisa, Italy
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Asaoka R, Obana A, Murata H, Fujino Y, Omoto T, Aoki S, Muto S, Takayanagi Y, Inoue T, Tanito M. The Association Between Age and Systemic Variables and the Longitudinal Trend of Intraocular Pressure in a Large-Scale Health Examination Cohort. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2022; 63:22. [PMID: 36301531 PMCID: PMC9624273 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.63.11.22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The detailed effects of age and systemic factors on intraocular pressure (IOP) have not been fully understood because of the lack of a large-scale longitudinal investigation. This study aimed to investigate the effect of various systemic factors on the longitudinal change of IOP. Methods There were a total of 20,909 eyes of 10,471 subjects from a health checkup cohort that were followed up for systemic factors: (i) age at baseline, (ii) sex, (iii) time series body mass index (BMI), (iv) time series smoking habits, (v) time series systolic and diastolic blood pressures (SBP and DBP), and (vi) time series 19 blood examinations (all of the time series data was acquired at each annual visit), along with IOP annually for at least 8 years. Then the longitudinal effect of the systemic factors on the change of IOP was investigated. Results IOP significantly decreased by −0.084 mm Hg/year. BMI, SBP, DBP, smoking habits, total triglyceride, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and glycosylated hemoglobin A1c were not significantly associated with the change of IOP. Higher values of age, aspartate aminotransferase, hemoglobin, platelet, and calcium were suggested to be significantly associated with the decrease of IOP, whereas higher alanine aminotransferase, guanosine triphosphate, white blood cell count, red blood cell count, and female gender were significantly associated with the increase of IOP. Conclusions Age, aspartate aminotransferase, hemoglobin, platelet, calcium, alanine aminotransferase, guanosine triphosphate, white blood cell count, red blood cell count, and gender were the systemic variables significantly associated with the change of IOP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Asaoka
- Department of Ophthalmology, Seirei Hamamatsu General Hospital, Shizuoka, Hamamatsu, Japan
- Seirei Christopher University, Shizuoka, Hamamatsu, Japan
- Department of Ophthalmology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Nanovision Research Division, Research Institute of Electronics, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka Japan
- The Graduate School for the Creation of New Photonics Industries, Shizuoka Japan
| | - Akira Obana
- Department of Ophthalmology, Seirei Hamamatsu General Hospital, Shizuoka, Hamamatsu, Japan
- Hamamatsu BioPhotonics Innovation Chair, Institute for Medical Photonics Research, Preeminent Medical Photonics Education & Research Center, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Murata
- Department of Ophthalmology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Ophthalmology, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuri Fujino
- Department of Ophthalmology, Seirei Hamamatsu General Hospital, Shizuoka, Hamamatsu, Japan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, Izumo, Japan
| | - Takashi Omoto
- Department of Ophthalmology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shuichiro Aoki
- Department of Ophthalmology, Sapporo City General Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Shigetaka Muto
- Seirei Center for Health Promotion and Preventive Medicine, Shizuoka, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Yuji Takayanagi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Seirei Hamamatsu General Hospital, Shizuoka, Hamamatsu, Japan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, Izumo, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Inoue
- Department of Ophthalmology and Micro-Technology, Yokohama City University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Masaki Tanito
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, Izumo, Japan
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Critical Overview of Hepatic Factors That Link Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Acute Kidney Injury: Physiology and Therapeutic Implications. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232012464. [PMID: 36293317 PMCID: PMC9604121 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232012464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is defined as a combination of a group of progressive diseases, presenting different structural features of the liver at different stages of the disease. According to epidemiological surveys, as living standards improve, the global prevalence of NAFLD increases. Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a class of clinical conditions characterized by a rapid decline in kidney function. NAFLD and AKI, as major public health diseases with high prevalence and mortality, respectively, worldwide, place a heavy burden on societal healthcare systems. Clinical observations of patients with NAFLD with AKI suggest a possible association between the two diseases. However, little is known about the pathogenic mechanisms linking NAFLD and AKI, and the combination of the diseases is poorly treated. Previous studies have revealed that liver-derived factors are transported to distal organs via circulation, such as the kidney, where they elicit specific effects. Of note, while NAFLD affects the expression of many hepatic factors, studies on the mechanisms whereby NAFLD mediates the generation of hepatic factors that lead to AKI are lacking. Considering the unique positioning of hepatic factors in coordinating systemic energy metabolism and maintaining energy homeostasis, we hypothesize that the effects of NAFLD are not only limited to the structural and functional changes in the liver but may also involve the entire body via the hepatic factors, e.g., playing an important role in the development of AKI. This raises the question of whether analogs of beneficial hepatic factors or inhibitors of detrimental hepatic factors could be used as a treatment for NAFLD-mediated and hepatic factor-driven AKI or other metabolic disorders. Accordingly, in this review, we describe the systemic effects of several types of hepatic factors, with a particular focus on the possible link between hepatic factors whose expression is altered under NAFLD and AKI. We also summarize the role of some key hepatic factors in metabolic control mechanisms and discuss their possible use as a preventive treatment for the progression of metabolic diseases.
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Yu L, Li Y. Involvement of Intestinal Enteroendocrine Cells in Neurological and Psychiatric Disorders. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10102577. [PMID: 36289839 PMCID: PMC9599815 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10102577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurological and psychiatric patients have increased dramatically in number in the past few decades. However, effective treatments for these diseases and disorders are limited due to heterogeneous and unclear pathogenic mechanisms. Therefore, further exploration of the biological aspects of the disease, and the identification of novel targets to develop alternative treatment strategies, is urgently required. Systems-level investigations have indicated the potential involvement of the brain–gut axis and intestinal microbiota in the pathogenesis and regulation of neurological and psychiatric disorders. While intestinal microbiota is crucial for maintaining host physiology, some important sensory and regulatory cells in the host should not be overlooked. Intestinal epithelial enteroendocrine cells (EECs) residing in the epithelium throughout intestine are the key regulators orchestrating the communication along the brain-gut-microbiota axis. On one hand, EECs sense changes in luminal microorganisms via microbial metabolites; on the other hand, they communicate with host body systems via neuroendocrine molecules. Therefore, EECs are believed to play important roles in neurological and psychiatric disorders. This review highlights the involvement of EECs and subtype cells, via secretion of endocrine molecules, in the development and regulation of neurological and psychiatric disorders, including Parkinson’s disease (PD), schizophrenia, visceral pain, neuropathic pain, and depression. Moreover, the current paper summarizes the potential mechanism of EECs in contributing to disease pathogenesis. Examination of these mechanisms may inspire and lead to the development of new aspects of treatment strategies for neurological and psychiatric disorders in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangen Yu
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - Yihang Li
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
- Correspondence:
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Profile of gut microbiota and serum metabolites associated with metabolic syndrome in a remote island most afflicted by obesity in Japan. Sci Rep 2022; 12:17292. [PMID: 36241691 PMCID: PMC9568508 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-21708-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Numerous studies have revealed distinct differences in the profiles of gut microbiota between non-obese and obese individuals. To date, however, little is known if any disparities in the community of gut microbiota exist between metabolically healthy obese (MHO) and metabolically unhealthy obese (MUO) subjects. We therefore aimed to comprehensively characterize the gut microbiota and circulating metabolites in serum from both MHO and MUO residing in the remote island, Kumejima, where the prevalence of obesity is one of the highest in Japan, and explored possible correlations between the gut microbiota profile and markers of metabolic syndrome. Results revealed that MUO showed significantly higher levels of genera such as g_Succinivibrio, g_Granulicatella, g_Brachyspira, g_Oribacterium and g_Atopobium in comparison to MHO. Moreover, abundance of g_Succinivibrio, g_Brachyspira and g_Atopobium were positively correlated with value of fasting insulin, HOMA-R, circulating triglycerides, diastolic blood pressure, BMI, body weight, waist circumference and HbA1c. In addition, MUO compared to MHO showed an imbalance of serum metabolites, with a significant elevation in 2-oxoisovaleric acid, pyruvic acid, 2-hydroxybutyric acid, and creatine. Our data highlight unmet needs in precision approaches for the treatment of obesity, targeting the gut microbiota profile and serum metabolites in a distinct population affected by obesity.
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Shen K, Singh AD, Modaresi Esfeh J, Wakim-Fleming J. Therapies for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: A 2022 update. World J Hepatol 2022; 14:1718-1729. [PMID: 36185717 PMCID: PMC9521452 DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v14.i9.1718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The incidence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is rapidly increasing and lifestyle interventions to treat this disease by addressing the underlying metabolic syndrome are often limited. Many pharmacological interventions are being studied to slow or even reverse NAFLD progression. This review for hepatologists aims to provide an updated understanding of the pathogenesis of NAFLD, current recommended therapies, and the most promising treatment options that are currently under development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie Shen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195, United States
| | - Achintya D Singh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195, United States
| | - Jamak Modaresi Esfeh
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195, United States
| | - Jamile Wakim-Fleming
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195, United States
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Guzzardi MA, Collado MC, Panetta D, Tripodi M, Iozzo P. Maternal High-Fat Diet Programs White and Brown Adipose Tissues In Vivo in Mice, with Different Metabolic and Microbiota Patterns in Obesity-Susceptible or Obesity-Resistant Offspring. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12090828. [PMID: 36144232 PMCID: PMC9503350 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12090828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Maternal obesity causes metabolic dysfunction in the offspring, including dysbiosis, overeating, obesity, and type 2 diabetes. Early-life phases are fundamental for developing subcutaneous (SAT) and brown adipose tissues (BAT), handling energy excesses. Imaging of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose by positron emission tomography (PET) and radiodensity by computerized tomography (CT) allows assessing adipose tissue (AT) whitening and browning in vivo and the underlying metabolic efficiency. Our aim was to examine these in vivo traits in SAT and BAT concerning gut microbiota composition in 1- and 6-month-old mice born to normal (NDoff) and high-fat diet-fed dams (HFDoff), accounting for body weight responses. We found low radiodensity (high lipids) in HFDoff SAT at 1 month, relating to an increased abundance of Dorea genus in the caecum and activation of the fatty acid biosynthetic pathway. Instead, low BAT radiodensity and glucose uptake were seen in adult HFDoff. Glucose was shifted in favor of BAT at 1 month and SAT at 6 months. In adults, unclassified Enterococcaceae and Rikenellaceae, and Bacillus genera were negatively related to BAT, whereas unclassified Clostridiales genera were related to SAT metabolism. Stratification of HFDoff based on weight-response, namely maternal induced obesity (MIO-HFDoff) or obesity-resistant (MIOR-HFDoff), showed sex dimorphism. Both subgroups were hyperphagic, but only obese mice had hyper-leptinemia and hyper-resistinemia, together with BAT dysfunction, whereas non-obese HFDoff had hyperglycemia and SAT hypermetabolism. In the caecum, unclassified Rikenellaceae (10-fold enrichment in MIO-HFDoff) and Clostridiales genera (4-fold deficiency in MIOR-HFDoff) were important discriminators of these two phenotypes. In conclusion, SAT whitening is an early abnormality in the offspring of HFD dams. In adult life, maternal HFD and the induced excessive food intake translates into a dimorphic phenotype involving SAT, BAT, and microbiota distinctively, reflecting maternal diet*sex interaction. This helps explain inter-individual variability in fetal programming and the higher rates of type 2 diabetes observed in adult women born to obese mothers, supporting personalized risk assessment, prevention, and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Angela Guzzardi
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council (CNR), 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Maria Carmen Collado
- Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology, National Research Council (IATA-CSIC), 46980 Valencia, Spain
| | - Daniele Panetta
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council (CNR), 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Maria Tripodi
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council (CNR), 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Patricia Iozzo
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council (CNR), 56124 Pisa, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-050-3152789
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Trends in insulin resistance: insights into mechanisms and therapeutic strategy. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2022; 7:216. [PMID: 35794109 PMCID: PMC9259665 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-022-01073-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 70.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The centenary of insulin discovery represents an important opportunity to transform diabetes from a fatal diagnosis into a medically manageable chronic condition. Insulin is a key peptide hormone and mediates the systemic glucose metabolism in different tissues. Insulin resistance (IR) is a disordered biological response for insulin stimulation through the disruption of different molecular pathways in target tissues. Acquired conditions and genetic factors have been implicated in IR. Recent genetic and biochemical studies suggest that the dysregulated metabolic mediators released by adipose tissue including adipokines, cytokines, chemokines, excess lipids and toxic lipid metabolites promote IR in other tissues. IR is associated with several groups of abnormal syndromes that include obesity, diabetes, metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD), cardiovascular disease, polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), and other abnormalities. Although no medication is specifically approved to treat IR, we summarized the lifestyle changes and pharmacological medications that have been used as efficient intervention to improve insulin sensitivity. Ultimately, the systematic discussion of complex mechanism will help to identify potential new targets and treat the closely associated metabolic syndrome of IR.
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Moretti R, Giuffré M, Crocè LS, Gazzin S, Tiribelli C. Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Altered Neuropsychological Functions in Patients with Subcortical Vascular Dementia. J Pers Med 2022; 12:jpm12071106. [PMID: 35887603 PMCID: PMC9323787 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12071106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
NAFLD is the most common cause of abnormality in liver function tests. NAFLD is considered a potential cardiovascular risk factor and is linked to cardiovascular risk factors such as obesity, hypertension, type 2 diabetes, and dyslipidemia. Few previous studies have investigated whether NAFLD could be independently associated with cognitive impairment. The current study aims to find a possible role of NAFLD in the development of subcortical vascular dementia (sVaD). We considered NAFLD as a possible independent vascular risk factor or, considering its metabolic role, associated with other commonly accepted sVaD risk factors, i.e., lack of folate, vitamin B12, and vitamin D-OH25, and increased levels of homocysteine. We studied 319 patients diagnosed with sVaD. All patients underwent an abdominal ultrasound examination to classify steatosis into four levels (1-none up to 4-severe). sVaD patients were divided into two groups according to the presence or absence of NAFLD. Our results demonstrated a strong correlation between NAFLD and sVaD. Patients with the two comorbidities had worse neuropsychological outcomes and a worse metabolic profile. We also found a robust relationship between NAFLD and severe vitamin B12, folate, vitamin D hypovitaminosis, and higher hyperhomocysteinemia levels. This way, it is evident that NAFLD contributes to a more severe metabolic pathway. However, the strong relationship with the three parameters (B12, folate and vitamin D, and homocysteinemia) suggests that NAFLD can contribute to a proinflammatory condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Moretti
- Department of Medical, Surgical, and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, 34149 Trieste, Italy; (R.M.); (L.S.C.)
| | - Mauro Giuffré
- Department of Medical, Surgical, and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, 34149 Trieste, Italy; (R.M.); (L.S.C.)
- Italian Liver Foundation, Centro Studi Fegato, 34149 Trieste, Italy; (S.G.); (C.T.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0403-994-044
| | - Lory Saveria Crocè
- Department of Medical, Surgical, and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, 34149 Trieste, Italy; (R.M.); (L.S.C.)
- Italian Liver Foundation, Centro Studi Fegato, 34149 Trieste, Italy; (S.G.); (C.T.)
| | - Silvia Gazzin
- Italian Liver Foundation, Centro Studi Fegato, 34149 Trieste, Italy; (S.G.); (C.T.)
| | - Claudio Tiribelli
- Italian Liver Foundation, Centro Studi Fegato, 34149 Trieste, Italy; (S.G.); (C.T.)
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Subramanian R, Tang R, Zhang Z, Joshi V, Miner JN, Lo YH. Multimodal NASH prognosis using 3D imaging flow cytometry and artificial intelligence to characterize liver cells. Sci Rep 2022; 12:11180. [PMID: 35778474 PMCID: PMC9249889 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-15364-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
To improve the understanding of the complex biological process underlying the development of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), 3D imaging flow cytometry (3D-IFC) with transmission and side-scattered images were used to characterize hepatic stellate cell (HSC) and liver endothelial cell (LEC) morphology at single-cell resolution. In this study, HSC and LEC were obtained from biopsy-proven NASH subjects with early-stage NASH (F2-F3) and healthy controls. Here, we applied single-cell imaging and 3D digital reconstructions of healthy and diseased cells to analyze a spatially resolved set of morphometric cellular and texture parameters that showed regression with disease progression. By developing a customized autoencoder convolutional neural network (CNN) based on label-free cell transmission and side scattering images obtained from a 3D imaging flow cytometer, we demonstrated key regulated cell types involved in the development of NASH and cell classification performance superior to conventional machine learning methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramkumar Subramanian
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Rui Tang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Zunming Zhang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | | | | | - Yu-Hwa Lo
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
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Lonardo A. Precision medicine in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2022; 37:1175-1178. [PMID: 35801994 DOI: 10.1111/jgh.15850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amedeo Lonardo
- Ospedale Civile di Baggiovara, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Modena, Modena, Italy
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Gravina AG, Romeo M, Pellegrino R, Tuccillo C, Federico A, Loguercio C. Just Drink a Glass of Water? Effects of Bicarbonate–Sulfate–Calcium–Magnesium Water on the Gut–Liver Axis. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:869446. [PMID: 35837275 PMCID: PMC9274271 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.869446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim: Fonte Essenziale® water is a bicarbonate–sulfate–calcium–magnesium water, low in sodium, recognized by the Italian health care system in hydropinotherapy and hepatobiliary dyspepsia therapy. We wanted to explore its effects on the gut–liver axis and microbiota in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease patients. Patients and Methods: We considered enrollment for 70 patients, of which four were excluded. We finally enrolled 55 patients with ultrasound-documented steatosis (SPs+) and 11 patients without it (SPs−). They then drank 400 ml of water for 6 months in the morning on an empty stomach. Routine hematochemical and metabolic parameters, oxidative stress parameters, gastrointestinal hormone levels, and fecal parameters of the gut microbiota were evaluated at three different assessment times, at baseline (T0), after 6 months (T6), and after a further 6 months of water washout (T12). We lost, in follow-up, 4 (T6) and 22 (T12) patients. Results: Between T0–T6, we observed a significant Futuin A and Selenoprotein A decrease and a GLP-1 and PYY increase in SPs+ and the same for Futuin A and GLP-1 in SPs−. Effects were lost at T12. In SPs+, between T0–T12 and T6–12, a significant reduction in Blautia was observed; between T0–T12, a reduction of Collinsella unc. was observed; and between T0–T12 and T6–12, an increase in Subdoligranulum and Dorea was observed. None of the bacterial strains we analyzed varied significantly in the SPs− population. Conclusion: These results indicate beneficial effects of water on gastrointestinal hormones and hence on the gut–liver axis in the period in which subjects drank water both in SPs− and in SPs+.
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Identification of the Potential Molecular Mechanisms Linking RUNX1 Activity with Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease, by Means of Systems Biology. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10061315. [PMID: 35740337 PMCID: PMC9219880 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10061315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most prevalent chronic hepatic disease; nevertheless, no definitive diagnostic method exists yet, apart from invasive liver biopsy, and nor is there a specific approved treatment. Runt-related transcription factor 1 (RUNX1) plays a major role in angiogenesis and inflammation; however, its link with NAFLD is unclear as controversial results have been reported. Thus, the objective of this work was to determine the proteins involved in the molecular mechanisms between RUNX1 and NAFLD, by means of systems biology. First, a mathematical model that simulates NAFLD pathophysiology was generated by analyzing Anaxomics databases and reviewing available scientific literature. Artificial neural networks established NAFLD pathophysiological processes functionally related to RUNX1: hepatic insulin resistance, lipotoxicity, and hepatic injury-liver fibrosis. Our study indicated that RUNX1 might have a high relationship with hepatic injury-liver fibrosis, and a medium relationship with lipotoxicity and insulin resistance motives. Additionally, we found five RUNX1-regulated proteins with a direct involvement in NAFLD motives, which were NFκB1, NFκB2, TNF, ADIPOQ, and IL-6. In conclusion, we suggested a relationship between RUNX1 and NAFLD since RUNX1 seems to regulate NAFLD molecular pathways, posing it as a potential therapeutic target of NAFLD, although more studies in this field are needed.
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Comprehensive Review and Updates on Holistic Approach Towards Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Management with Cardiovascular Disease. Curr Atheroscler Rep 2022; 24:515-532. [PMID: 35507280 DOI: 10.1007/s11883-022-01027-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The global prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) presents an unmet need in treating these, often asymptomatic, individuals. In this review, we summarised NAFLD management and described recent developments in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) therapeutics that can shape the future of NAFLD. RECENT FINDINGS A multi-disciplinary effort in promoting sustainable lifestyle measures is paramount, with the goal of either limiting energy surplus alone or in combination with targeting downstream pathways of inflammation and fibrosis. Several antidiabetic medications like PPAR-γ agonist and glucagon-like peptide receptor agonists have beneficial effects on the metabolic profile as well as NASH histology. Vitamin E has shown promise in specific groups of patients with the haptoglobin2 allele protein. Newer drugs have demonstrated promising results in NASH resolution and fibrosis improvement such as obeticholic acid, resmetirom, aramchol, efruxifermin, aldafermin and lanifibranor. Apart from discussing the results of late stage clinical trials and the possible challenges in managing these patients with limited approved therapies, we also discussed the specific management of comorbidities (diabetes, hypertension, hyperlipidaemia, cardiovascular diseases) in NAFLD patients. Treatment strategy needs to target improvements in liver-related outcomes and cardiometabolic profile.
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