1
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Salz R, Vorsteveld EE, van der Made CI, Kersten S, Stemerdink M, Riepe TV, Hsieh TH, Mhlanga M, Netea MG, Volders PJ, Hoischen A, ’t Hoen PA. Multi-omic profiling of pathogen-stimulated primary immune cells. iScience 2024; 27:110471. [PMID: 39091463 PMCID: PMC11293528 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.110471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024] Open
Abstract
We performed long-read transcriptome and proteome profiling of pathogen-stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from healthy donors to discover new transcript and protein isoforms expressed during immune responses to diverse pathogens. Long-read transcriptome profiling reveals novel sequences and isoform switching induced upon pathogen stimulation, including transcripts that are difficult to detect using traditional short-read sequencing. Widespread loss of intron retention occurs as a common result of all pathogen stimulations. We highlight novel transcripts of NFKB1 and CASP1 that may indicate novel immunological mechanisms. RNA expression differences did not result in differences in the amounts of secreted proteins. Clustering analysis of secreted proteins revealed a correlation between chemokine (receptor) expression on the RNA and protein levels in C. albicans- and poly(I:C)-stimulated PBMCs. Isoform aware long-read sequencing of pathogen-stimulated immune cells highlights the potential of these methods to identify novel transcripts, revealing a more complex transcriptome landscape than previously appreciated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renee Salz
- Department of Medical BioSciences, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- RadboudUMC Research Institute for Medical Innovation, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Emil E. Vorsteveld
- RadboudUMC Research Institute for Medical Innovation, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Caspar I. van der Made
- RadboudUMC Research Institute for Medical Innovation, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Centre for Infectious Diseases (RCI), Radboud University Medical Centre, 6525 GA Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Simone Kersten
- RadboudUMC Research Institute for Medical Innovation, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Merel Stemerdink
- RadboudUMC Research Institute for Medical Innovation, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Tabea V. Riepe
- Department of Medical BioSciences, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- RadboudUMC Research Institute for Medical Innovation, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Tsung-han Hsieh
- Department of Cell Biology, Radboud University, 6500 HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Musa Mhlanga
- RadboudUMC Research Institute for Medical Innovation, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Department of Cell Biology, Radboud University, 6500 HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Mihai G. Netea
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Centre for Infectious Diseases (RCI), Radboud University Medical Centre, 6525 GA Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Pieter-Jan Volders
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostics, Department of Clinical Biology, Jessa Hospital, 3500 Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Alexander Hoischen
- RadboudUMC Research Institute for Medical Innovation, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Centre for Infectious Diseases (RCI), Radboud University Medical Centre, 6525 GA Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Peter A.C. ’t Hoen
- Department of Medical BioSciences, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- RadboudUMC Research Institute for Medical Innovation, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, the Netherlands
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2
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Asaba CN, Ekabe CJ, Ayuk HS, Gwanyama BN, Bitazar R, Bukong TN. Interplay of TLR4 and SARS-CoV-2: Unveiling the Complex Mechanisms of Inflammation and Severity in COVID-19 Infections. J Inflamm Res 2024; 17:5077-5091. [PMID: 39081874 PMCID: PMC11288317 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s474707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024] Open
Abstract
The late 2019 emergence of the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the causative agent of COVID-19, caused profound and unprecedented disruption to the global socio-economic structure, negatively affecting millions of lives worldwide. A typical hallmark of severe COVID-19 is hyper inflammation due to aberrant cytokine release (cytokine storm) by innate immune cells. Recent studies have revealed that SARS-CoV-2, through its spike (S) protein, can activate the body's innate immune cells via Toll-Like Receptors (TLRs), particularly TLR4. In silico studies have demonstrated that the S protein binds with high affinity to TLR4, triggering downstream signaling processes that result in pro-inflammatory cytokine release. Compared to other TLRs, such as TLR2, TLR4 plays a more significant role in initiating and sustaining the inflammatory response associated with severe COVID-19. Furthermore, interactions between the virus and target cells can enhance the cellular expression of TLR4, making cells more susceptible to viral interactions and subsequent inflammation. This increased expression of TLR4 upon viral entry creates a feedback loop, where heightened TLR4 levels lead to amplified inflammatory responses, contributing to the severity of the disease. Additionally, TLR4's potent activation of inflammatory pathways sets it apart from other TLRs, underscoring its pivotal role in the pathogenesis of COVID-19. In this review, we thoroughly explore the multitude of regulatory signaling pathways that SARS-CoV-2 employs to incite inflammation. We specifically focus on the critical impact of TLR4 activation compared to other TLRs, highlighting how TLR4's interactions with the viral S protein can exacerbate the severity of COVID-19. By delving into the mechanisms of TLR4-mediated inflammation, we aim to shed light on potential therapeutic targets that could mitigate the inflammatory damage caused by severe COVID-19. Understanding the unique role of TLR4 in the context of SARS-CoV-2 infection could pave the way for novel treatment strategies that specifically inhibit this receptor's activity, thereby reducing the overall disease burden and improving patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clinton Njinju Asaba
- Armand-Frappier Sante Biotechnologie Research Center, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Cyril Jabea Ekabe
- Department of Translational Biomedical Sciences, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Humblenoble Stembridge Ayuk
- Department of Environmental Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, Leipzig, 04318, Germany
| | | | - Razieh Bitazar
- Armand-Frappier Sante Biotechnologie Research Center, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Terence Ndonyi Bukong
- Armand-Frappier Sante Biotechnologie Research Center, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Laval, Québec, Canada
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3
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Krishna VD, Chang A, Korthas H, Var SR, Seelig DM, Low WC, Li L, Cheeran MCJ. Impact of age and sex on neuroinflammation following SARS-CoV-2 infection in a murine model. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1404312. [PMID: 39077737 PMCID: PMC11284165 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1404312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the etiological agent of COVID-19, is known to infect people of all ages and both sexes. Senior populations have the greatest risk of severe COVID-19, and sexual dimorphism in clinical outcomes has been reported. Neurological symptoms are widely observed in COVID-19 patients, with many survivors exhibiting persistent neurological and cognitive impairment. The present study aims to investigate the impact of age and sex on the neuroinflammatory response to SARS-CoV-2 infection using a mouse model. Wild-type C57BL/6J mice were intranasally inoculated with SARS-CoV-2 lineage B.1.351, a variant known to infect mice. Older male mice exhibited a significantly greater weight loss and higher viral loads in the lung at 3 days post infection. Notably, no viral RNA was detected in the brains of infected mice. Nevertheless, expression of IL-6, TNF-α, and CCL-2 in the lung and brain increased with viral infection. RNA-seq transcriptomic analysis of brains showed that SARS-CoV-2 infection caused significant changes in gene expression profiles, implicating innate immunity, defense response to virus, and cerebrovascular and neuronal functions. These findings demonstrate that SARS-CoV-2 infection triggers a neuroinflammatory response, despite the lack of detectable virus in the brain. Aberrant activation of innate immune response, disruption of blood-brain barrier and endothelial cell integrity, and suppression of neuronal activity and axonogenesis underlie the impact of SARS-CoV-2 infection on the brain. Understanding the role of these affected pathways in SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis helps identify appropriate points of therapeutic interventions to alleviate neurological dysfunction observed during COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venkatramana D. Krishna
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN, United States
| | - Allison Chang
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Holly Korthas
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Susanna R. Var
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Davis M. Seelig
- Comparative Pathology Shared Resource, Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Walter C. Low
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Ling Li
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Maxim C. -J. Cheeran
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN, United States
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Pacheco-García U, Varela-López E, Serafín-López J. Immune Stimulation with Imiquimod to Best Face SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Prevent Long COVID. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7661. [PMID: 39062904 PMCID: PMC11277483 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25147661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2024] [Revised: 07/04/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Through widespread immunization against SARS-CoV-2 prior to or post-infection, a substantial segment of the global population has acquired both humoral and cellular immunity, and there has been a notable reduction in the incidence of severe and fatal cases linked to this virus and accelerated recovery times for those infected. Nonetheless, a significant demographic, comprising around 20% to 30% of the adult population, remains unimmunized due to diverse factors. Furthermore, alongside those recovered from the infection, there is a subset of the population experiencing persistent symptoms referred to as Long COVID. This condition is more prevalent among individuals with underlying health conditions and immune system impairments. Some Long COVID pathologies stem from direct damage inflicted by the viral infection, whereas others arise from inadequate immune system control over the infection or suboptimal immunoregulation. There are differences in the serum cytokines and miRNA profiles between infected individuals who develop severe COVID-19 or Long COVID and those who control adequately the infection. This review delves into the advantages and constraints associated with employing imiquimod in human subjects to enhance the immune response during SARS-CoV-2 immunization. Restoration of the immune system can modify it towards a profile of non-susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2. An adequate immune system has the potential to curb viral propagation, mitigate symptoms, and ameliorate the severe consequences of the infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ursino Pacheco-García
- Department of Cardio-Renal Pathophysiology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología “Ignacio Chávez”, Mexico City 14080, Mexico
| | - Elvira Varela-López
- Laboratory of Translational Medicine, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología “Ignacio Chávez”, Mexico City 14080, Mexico;
| | - Jeanet Serafín-López
- Department of Immunology, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas (ENCB), Instituto Politécnico Nacional (IPN), Mexico City 11340, Mexico;
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Forsyth KS, Jiwrajka N, Lovell CD, Toothacre NE, Anguera MC. The conneXion between sex and immune responses. Nat Rev Immunol 2024; 24:487-502. [PMID: 38383754 PMCID: PMC11216897 DOI: 10.1038/s41577-024-00996-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
There are notable sex-based differences in immune responses to pathogens and self-antigens, with female individuals exhibiting increased susceptibility to various autoimmune diseases, and male individuals displaying preferential susceptibility to some viral, bacterial, parasitic and fungal infections. Although sex hormones clearly contribute to sex differences in immune cell composition and function, the presence of two X chromosomes in female individuals suggests that differential gene expression of numerous X chromosome-linked immune-related genes may also influence sex-biased innate and adaptive immune cell function in health and disease. Here, we review the sex differences in immune system composition and function, examining how hormones and genetics influence the immune system. We focus on the genetic and epigenetic contributions responsible for altered X chromosome-linked gene expression, and how this impacts sex-biased immune responses in the context of pathogen infection and systemic autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine S Forsyth
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Nikhil Jiwrajka
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Division of Rheumatology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Claudia D Lovell
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Natalie E Toothacre
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Montserrat C Anguera
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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6
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Boos J, van der Made CI, Ramakrishnan G, Coughlan E, Asselta R, Löscher BS, Valenti LVC, de Cid R, Bujanda L, Julià A, Pairo-Castineira E, Baillie JK, May S, Zametica B, Heggemann J, Albillos A, Banales JM, Barretina J, Blay N, Bonfanti P, Buti M, Fernandez J, Marsal S, Prati D, Ronzoni L, Sacchi N, Schultze JL, Riess O, Franke A, Rawlik K, Ellinghaus D, Hoischen A, Schmidt A, Ludwig KU. Stratified analyses refine association between TLR7 rare variants and severe COVID-19. HGG ADVANCES 2024; 5:100323. [PMID: 38944683 PMCID: PMC11320601 DOI: 10.1016/j.xhgg.2024.100323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 06/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite extensive global research into genetic predisposition for severe COVID-19, knowledge on the role of rare host genetic variants and their relation to other risk factors remains limited. Here, 52 genes with prior etiological evidence were sequenced in 1,772 severe COVID-19 cases and 5,347 population-based controls from Spain/Italy. Rare deleterious TLR7 variants were present in 2.4% of young (<60 years) cases with no reported clinical risk factors (n = 378), compared to 0.24% of controls (odds ratio [OR] = 12.3, p = 1.27 × 10-10). Incorporation of the results of either functional assays or protein modeling led to a pronounced increase in effect size (ORmax = 46.5, p = 1.74 × 10-15). Association signals for the X-chromosomal gene TLR7 were also detected in the female-only subgroup, suggesting the existence of additional mechanisms beyond X-linked recessive inheritance in males. Additionally, supporting evidence was generated for a contribution to severe COVID-19 of the previously implicated genes IFNAR2, IFIH1, and TBK1. Our results refine the genetic contribution of rare TLR7 variants to severe COVID-19 and strengthen evidence for the etiological relevance of genes in the interferon signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jannik Boos
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn School of Medicine and University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Caspar I van der Made
- Department of Human Genetics, Department of Internal Medicine, Radboudumc Research Institute for Medical Innovation, Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases (RCI), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Gayatri Ramakrishnan
- Department of Medical Biosciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Eamon Coughlan
- Baillie Gifford Pandemic Science Hub, Centre for Inflammation Research, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK; Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Rosanna Asselta
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, 20090 Pieve Emanuele, Milan, Italy; IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital - via Manzoni 56, 20089 Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Britt-Sabina Löscher
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Kiel University and University Medical Center, Kiel, Germany
| | - Luca V C Valenti
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy; Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Rafael de Cid
- Genomes for Life-GCAT Lab, CORE Program. Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), 08916 Badalona, Spain; Grup de Recerca en Impacte de les Malalties Cròniques i les seves Trajectòries (GRIMTra) (IGTP), Badalona, Spain
| | - Luis Bujanda
- Department of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Biodonostia Health Research Institute, Donostia University Hospital, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), San Sebastian, Spain; Centre for Biomedical Network Research on Hepatic and Digestive Diseases (CIBEREHD), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio Julià
- Vall d'Hebron Hospital Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Erola Pairo-Castineira
- Baillie Gifford Pandemic Science Hub, Centre for Inflammation Research, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK; Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - J Kenneth Baillie
- Baillie Gifford Pandemic Science Hub, Centre for Inflammation Research, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK; Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Sandra May
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Kiel University and University Medical Center, Kiel, Germany
| | - Berina Zametica
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn School of Medicine and University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Julia Heggemann
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn School of Medicine and University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Agustín Albillos
- Centre for Biomedical Network Research on Hepatic and Digestive Diseases (CIBEREHD), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), University of Alcalá, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesus M Banales
- Department of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Biodonostia Health Research Institute, Donostia University Hospital, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), San Sebastian, Spain; Centre for Biomedical Network Research on Hepatic and Digestive Diseases (CIBEREHD), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain; Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, School of Sciences, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Jordi Barretina
- Genomes for Life-GCAT Lab, CORE Program. Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), 08916 Badalona, Spain
| | - Natalia Blay
- Genomes for Life-GCAT Lab, CORE Program. Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), 08916 Badalona, Spain; Grup de Recerca en Impacte de les Malalties Cròniques i les seves Trajectòries (GRIMTra) (IGTP), Badalona, Spain
| | - Paolo Bonfanti
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Università degli Studi di Milano Bicocca, Fondazione San Gerardo dei Tintori, Monza, Italy
| | - Maria Buti
- Centre for Biomedical Network Research on Hepatic and Digestive Diseases (CIBEREHD), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Fernandez
- Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; European Foundation for the Study of Chronic Liver Failure (EF CLif), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sara Marsal
- Vall d'Hebron Hospital Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Daniele Prati
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Luisa Ronzoni
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Joachim L Schultze
- Systems Medicine, Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE) e.V., Bonn, Germany; Genomics and Immunoregulation, Life and Medical Sciences (LIMES) Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; PRECISE Platform for Genomics and Epigenomics, Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE) e.V. and University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Olaf Riess
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; DFG NGS Competence Center Tübingen (NCCT), University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Andre Franke
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Kiel University and University Medical Center, Kiel, Germany
| | - Konrad Rawlik
- Baillie Gifford Pandemic Science Hub, Centre for Inflammation Research, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - David Ellinghaus
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Kiel University and University Medical Center, Kiel, Germany
| | - Alexander Hoischen
- Department of Human Genetics, Department of Internal Medicine, Radboudumc Research Institute for Medical Innovation, Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases (RCI), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Axel Schmidt
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn School of Medicine and University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Kerstin U Ludwig
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn School of Medicine and University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
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7
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Chang-Rabley E, van Zelm MC, Ricotta EE, Edwards ESJ. An Overview of the Strategies to Boost SARS-CoV-2-Specific Immunity in People with Inborn Errors of Immunity. Vaccines (Basel) 2024; 12:675. [PMID: 38932404 PMCID: PMC11209597 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12060675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2024] [Revised: 06/09/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has heightened concerns about immunological protection, especially for individuals with inborn errors of immunity (IEI). While COVID-19 vaccines elicit strong immune responses in healthy individuals, their effectiveness in IEI patients remains unclear, particularly against new viral variants and vaccine formulations. This uncertainty has led to anxiety, prolonged self-isolation, and repeated vaccinations with uncertain benefits among IEI patients. Despite some level of immune response from vaccination, the definition of protective immunity in IEI individuals is still unknown. Given their susceptibility to severe COVID-19, strategies such as immunoglobulin replacement therapy (IgRT) and monoclonal antibodies have been employed to provide passive immunity, and protection against both current and emerging variants. This review examines the efficacy of COVID-19 vaccines and antibody-based therapies in IEI patients, their capacity to recognize viral variants, and the necessary advances required for the ongoing protection of people with IEIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Chang-Rabley
- The Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Menno C. van Zelm
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Laboratory, Department of Immunology, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia
- The Jeffrey Modell Diagnostic and Research Centre for Primary Immunodeficiencies in Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Emily E. Ricotta
- The Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniform Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Emily S. J. Edwards
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Laboratory, Department of Immunology, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia
- The Jeffrey Modell Diagnostic and Research Centre for Primary Immunodeficiencies in Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
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8
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Gonçalves SM, Pereira I, Feys S, Cunha C, Chamilos G, Hoenigl M, Wauters J, van de Veerdonk FL, Carvalho A. Integrating genetic and immune factors to uncover pathogenetic mechanisms of viral-associated pulmonary aspergillosis. mBio 2024; 15:e0198223. [PMID: 38651925 PMCID: PMC11237550 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.01982-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis is a severe fungal infection primarily affecting immunocompromised patients. Individuals with severe viral infections have recently been identified as vulnerable to developing invasive fungal infections. Both influenza-associated pulmonary aspergillosis (IAPA) and COVID-19-associated pulmonary aspergillosis (CAPA) are linked to high mortality rates, emphasizing the urgent need for an improved understanding of disease pathogenesis to unveil new molecular targets with diagnostic and therapeutic potential. The recent establishment of animal models replicating the co-infection context has offered crucial insights into the mechanisms that underlie susceptibility to disease. However, the development and progression of human viral-fungal co-infections exhibit a significant degree of interindividual variability, even among patients with similar clinical conditions. This observation implies a significant role for host genetics, but information regarding the genetic basis for viral-fungal co-infections is currently limited. In this review, we discuss how genetic factors known to affect either antiviral or antifungal immunity could potentially reveal pathogenetic mechanisms that predispose to IAPA or CAPA and influence the overall disease course. These insights are anticipated to foster further research in both pre-clinical models and human patients, aiming to elucidate the complex pathophysiology of viral-associated pulmonary aspergillosis and contributing to the identification of new diagnostic and therapeutic targets to improve the management of these co-infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel M Gonçalves
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Guimarães/Braga, Portugal
| | - Inês Pereira
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Guimarães/Braga, Portugal
| | - Simon Feys
- Medical Intensive Care Unit, Department of General Internal Medicine, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Cristina Cunha
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Guimarães/Braga, Portugal
| | - Georgios Chamilos
- Laboratory of Clinical Microbiology and Microbial Pathogenesis, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Martin Hoenigl
- Division of Infectious Diseases, ECMM Excellence Center for Medical Mycology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- BioTechMed, Graz, Austria
| | - Joost Wauters
- Medical Intensive Care Unit, Department of General Internal Medicine, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Frank L van de Veerdonk
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases (RCI), Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Agostinho Carvalho
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Guimarães/Braga, Portugal
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9
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Lindell RB, Sayed S, Campos JS, Knight M, Mauracher AA, Hay CA, Conrey PE, Fitzgerald JC, Yehya N, Famularo ST, Arroyo T, Tustin R, Fazelinia H, Behrens EM, Teachey DT, Freeman AF, Bergerson JRE, Holland SM, Leiding JW, Weiss SL, Hall MW, Zuppa AF, Taylor DM, Feng R, Wherry EJ, Meyer NJ, Henrickson SE. Dysregulated STAT3 signaling and T cell immunometabolic dysfunction define a targetable, high mortality subphenotype of critically ill children. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2024:2024.06.11.24308709. [PMID: 38946991 PMCID: PMC11213094 DOI: 10.1101/2024.06.11.24308709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
Sepsis is the leading cause of death of hospitalized children worldwide. Despite the established link between immune dysregulation and mortality in pediatric sepsis, it remains unclear which host immune factors contribute causally to adverse sepsis outcomes. Identifying modifiable pathobiology is an essential first step to successful translation of biologic insights into precision therapeutics. We designed a prospective, longitudinal cohort study of 88 critically ill pediatric patients with multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS), including patients with and without sepsis, to define subphenotypes associated with targetable mechanisms of immune dysregulation. We first assessed plasma proteomic profiles and identified shared features of immune dysregulation in MODS patients with and without sepsis. We then employed consensus clustering to define three subphenotypes based on protein expression at disease onset and identified a strong association between subphenotype and clinical outcome. We next identified differences in immune cell frequency and activation state by MODS subphenotype and determined the association between hyperinflammatory pathway activation and cellular immunophenotype. Using single cell transcriptomics, we demonstrated STAT3 hyperactivation in lymphocytes from the sickest MODS subgroup and then identified an association between STAT3 hyperactivation and T cell immunometabolic dysregulation. Finally, we compared proteomics findings between patients with MODS and patients with inborn errors of immunity that amplify cytokine signaling pathways to further assess the impact of STAT3 hyperactivation in the most severe patients with MODS. Overall, these results identify a potentially pathologic and targetable role for STAT3 hyperactivation in a subset of pediatric patients with MODS who have high severity of illness and poor prognosis.
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10
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Arefinia N, Banafi P, Zarezadeh MA, Mousawi HS, Yaghobi R, Farokhnia M, Sarvari J. TLR3, TLR7, and TLR8 genes expression datasets in COVID-19 patients: Influences of the disease severity and gender. Data Brief 2024; 54:110498. [PMID: 38868379 PMCID: PMC11166686 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2024.110498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The prognosis of COVID-19 could influence by innate immune sensors such as toll-like receptors (TLRs). The purpose of this data was to investigate TLR3, 7, and 8 expression levels in COVID-19 patients and their relationship to outcome of disease. 75 confirm COVID-19 were included sequentially and separated into three groups: mild, severe, and critical. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were isolated from the whole blood, and RNA was then extracted. The qRT-PCR technique was used to examine the expression of TLR3, TLR7, and TLR8 genes. The patients average ages were 52.69 ± 1.9 and 13 of the 25 individuals in each group were male. TLR3 (p < 0.001), TLR7 (p < 0.001), and TLR8 (p < 0.001) expression levels were considerably greater in COVID-19 patients compared to the control group. The findings also showed that individuals with critical and severe COVID-19 disease had significantly greater TLR7 and TLR8 gene expression levels than patients in mild stage of disease (p < 0.05). The data showed a significant difference (p = 0.01) in the TLR3 transcript levels between critical and mild COVID-19 patients. Furthermore, male severe (p = 0.02) and critical (p = 0.008) patients had significantly higher TLR8 expression levels than female patients in terms of gender. TLR3 (p = 0.2) and TLR7 (p = 0.08) transcripts were more elevated in males than females, but not significantly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasir Arefinia
- Department of Bacteriology and Virology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Bio Environmental Health Hazards Research Center, Jiroft University of Medical Sciences, Jiroft, Iran
| | - Parsa Banafi
- Department of Bacteriology and Virology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Amin Zarezadeh
- Department of Bacteriology and Virology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Hawra Shah Mousawi
- Department of Bacteriology and Virology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Ramin Yaghobi
- Transplant Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mehrdad Farokhnia
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Afzalipour Hospital, Kerman University of Medical School, Kerman, Iran
| | - Jamal Sarvari
- Department of Bacteriology and Virology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Gastroenterohepatology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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11
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Al-Azab M, Idiiatullina E, Liu Z, Lin M, Hrovat-Schaale K, Xian H, Zhu J, Yang M, Lu B, Zhao Z, Liu Y, Chang J, Li X, Guo C, Liu Y, Wu Q, Chen J, Lan C, Zeng P, Cui J, Gao X, Zhou W, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Masters SL. Genetic variants in UNC93B1 predispose to childhood-onset systemic lupus erythematosus. Nat Immunol 2024; 25:969-980. [PMID: 38831104 PMCID: PMC11147776 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-024-01846-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
Rare genetic variants in toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7) are known to cause lupus in humans and mice. UNC93B1 is a transmembrane protein that regulates TLR7 localization into endosomes. In the present study, we identify two new variants in UNC93B1 (T314A, located proximally to the TLR7 transmembrane domain, and V117L) in a cohort of east Asian patients with childhood-onset systemic lupus erythematosus. The V117L variant was associated with increased expression of type I interferons and NF-κB-dependent cytokines in patient plasma and immortalized B cells. THP-1 cells expressing the variant UNC93B1 alleles exhibited exaggerated responses to stimulation of TLR7/-8, but not TLR3 or TLR9, which could be inhibited by targeting the downstream signaling molecules, IRAK1/-4. Heterozygous mice expressing the orthologous Unc93b1V117L variant developed a spontaneous lupus-like disease that was more severe in homozygotes and again hyperresponsive to TLR7 stimulation. Together, this work formally identifies genetic variants in UNC93B1 that can predispose to childhood-onset systemic lupus erythematosus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Al-Azab
- Department of Immunology, Guangzhou Institute of Paediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Centre, and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Science and Technology, Aden, Yemen
| | - Elina Idiiatullina
- Department of Immunology, Guangzhou Institute of Paediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Centre, and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Therapy and Nursing, Bashkir State Medical University, Ufa, Russia
| | - Ziyang Liu
- Department of Immunology, Guangzhou Institute of Paediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Centre, and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Meng Lin
- Department of Immunology, Guangzhou Institute of Paediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Centre, and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Katja Hrovat-Schaale
- Inflammation Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Huifang Xian
- Department of Immunology, Guangzhou Institute of Paediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Centre, and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianheng Zhu
- Department of Immunology, Guangzhou Institute of Paediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Centre, and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mandy Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bingtai Lu
- Department of Immunology, Guangzhou Institute of Paediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Centre, and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhiyao Zhao
- Department of Immunology, Guangzhou Institute of Paediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Centre, and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Center for Mitochondrial Genetics and Health, Greater Bay Area Institute of Precision Medicine (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, China
| | - Yiyi Liu
- Department of Immunology, Guangzhou Institute of Paediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Centre, and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jingjie Chang
- Department of Immunology, Guangzhou Institute of Paediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Centre, and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaotian Li
- Department of Immunology, Guangzhou Institute of Paediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Centre, and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Caiqin Guo
- Department of Immunology, Guangzhou Institute of Paediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Centre, and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yunfeng Liu
- Clinical Laboratory, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Centre, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong, China
| | - Qi Wu
- Department of Immunology, Guangzhou Institute of Paediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Centre, and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- National Children Medical Center, Department of Clinical Immunology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiazhang Chen
- Department of Immunology, Guangzhou Institute of Paediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Centre, and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chaoting Lan
- Department of Immunology, Guangzhou Institute of Paediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Centre, and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ping Zeng
- Department of Immunology, Guangzhou Institute of Paediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Centre, and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jun Cui
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xia Gao
- Department of Immunology, Guangzhou Institute of Paediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Centre, and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenhao Zhou
- Department of Immunology, Guangzhou Institute of Paediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Centre, and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Immunology, Guangzhou Institute of Paediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Centre, and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuxia Zhang
- Department of Immunology, Guangzhou Institute of Paediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Centre, and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Seth L Masters
- Department of Immunology, Guangzhou Institute of Paediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Centre, and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
- Inflammation Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.
- Department of Molecular and Translational Science, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.
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12
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Hill BD, Zak AJ, Raja S, Bugada LF, Rizvi SM, Roslan SB, Nguyen HN, Chen J, Jiang H, Ono A, Goldstein DR, Wen F. iGATE analysis improves the interpretability of single-cell immune landscape of influenza infection. JCI Insight 2024; 9:e172140. [PMID: 38814732 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.172140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Influenza poses a persistent health burden worldwide. To design equitable vaccines effective across all demographics, it is essential to better understand how host factors such as genetic background and aging affect the single-cell immune landscape of influenza infection. Cytometry by time-of-flight (CyTOF) represents a promising technique in this pursuit, but interpreting its large, high-dimensional data remains difficult. We have developed a new analytical approach, in silico gating annotating training elucidating (iGATE), based on probabilistic support vector machine classification. By rapidly and accurately "gating" tens of millions of cells in silico into user-defined types, iGATE enabled us to track 25 canonical immune cell types in mouse lung over the course of influenza infection. Applying iGATE to study effects of host genetic background, we show that the lower survival of C57BL/6 mice compared with BALB/c was associated with a more rapid accumulation of inflammatory cell types and decreased IL-10 expression. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the most prominent effect of aging is a defective T cell response, reducing survival of aged mice. Finally, iGATE reveals that the 25 canonical immune cell types exhibited differential influenza infection susceptibility and replication permissiveness in vivo, but neither property varied with host genotype or aging. The software is available at https://github.com/UmichWenLab/iGATE.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Judy Chen
- Program in Immunology
- Department of Internal Medicine
| | | | - Akira Ono
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | | | - Fei Wen
- Department of Chemical Engineering
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13
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Hsu SC, Lin KH, Tseng YC, Cheng YY, Ma HH, Chen YC, Jan JT, Wu CY, Ma C. An Adjuvanted Vaccine-Induced Pathogenesis Following Influenza Virus Infection. Vaccines (Basel) 2024; 12:569. [PMID: 38932298 PMCID: PMC11209567 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12060569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
An incomplete Freund's adjuvant elicited an overt pathogenesis in vaccinated mice following the intranasal challenge of A/California/07/2009 (H1N1) virus despite the induction of a higher specific antibody titer than other adjuvanted formulations. Aluminum hydroxide adjuvants have not induced any pathogenic signs in a variety of formulations with glycolipids. A glycolipid, α-galactosyl ceramide, improved a stimulatory effect of distinct adjuvanted formulations on an anti-influenza A antibody response. In contrast to α-galactosyl ceramide, its synthetic analogue C34 was antagonistic toward a stimulatory effect of an aluminum hydroxide adjuvant on a specific antibody response. The aluminum hydroxide adjuvant alone could confer complete vaccine-induced protection against mortality as well as morbidity caused by a lethal challenge of the same strain of an influenza A virus. The research results indicated that adjuvants could reshape immune responses either to improve vaccine-induced immunity or to provoke an unexpected pathogenic consequence. On the basis of these observations, this research connotes the prominence to develop a precision adjuvant for innocuous vaccination aimed at generating a protective immunity without aberrant responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiou-Chih Hsu
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Road, Section 2, Nankang, Taipei 115201, Taiwan; (K.-H.L.); (Y.-C.T.); (Y.-Y.C.); (H.-H.M.); (J.-T.J.); (C.-Y.W.); (C.M.)
| | - Kun-Hsien Lin
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Road, Section 2, Nankang, Taipei 115201, Taiwan; (K.-H.L.); (Y.-C.T.); (Y.-Y.C.); (H.-H.M.); (J.-T.J.); (C.-Y.W.); (C.M.)
| | - Yung-Chieh Tseng
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Road, Section 2, Nankang, Taipei 115201, Taiwan; (K.-H.L.); (Y.-C.T.); (Y.-Y.C.); (H.-H.M.); (J.-T.J.); (C.-Y.W.); (C.M.)
| | - Yang-Yu Cheng
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Road, Section 2, Nankang, Taipei 115201, Taiwan; (K.-H.L.); (Y.-C.T.); (Y.-Y.C.); (H.-H.M.); (J.-T.J.); (C.-Y.W.); (C.M.)
| | - Hsiu-Hua Ma
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Road, Section 2, Nankang, Taipei 115201, Taiwan; (K.-H.L.); (Y.-C.T.); (Y.-Y.C.); (H.-H.M.); (J.-T.J.); (C.-Y.W.); (C.M.)
| | - Ying-Chun Chen
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Road, Section 2, Nankang, Taipei 115201, Taiwan;
| | - Jia-Tsrong Jan
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Road, Section 2, Nankang, Taipei 115201, Taiwan; (K.-H.L.); (Y.-C.T.); (Y.-Y.C.); (H.-H.M.); (J.-T.J.); (C.-Y.W.); (C.M.)
| | - Chung-Yi Wu
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Road, Section 2, Nankang, Taipei 115201, Taiwan; (K.-H.L.); (Y.-C.T.); (Y.-Y.C.); (H.-H.M.); (J.-T.J.); (C.-Y.W.); (C.M.)
| | - Che Ma
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Road, Section 2, Nankang, Taipei 115201, Taiwan; (K.-H.L.); (Y.-C.T.); (Y.-Y.C.); (H.-H.M.); (J.-T.J.); (C.-Y.W.); (C.M.)
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14
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Viox EG, Bosinger SE, Douek DC, Schreiber G, Paiardini M. Harnessing the power of IFN for therapeutic approaches to COVID-19. J Virol 2024; 98:e0120423. [PMID: 38651899 PMCID: PMC11092331 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01204-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Interferons (IFNs) are essential for defense against viral infections but also drive recruitment of inflammatory cells to sites of infection, a key feature of severe COVID-19. Here, we explore the complexity of the IFN response in COVID-19, examine the effects of manipulating IFN on SARS-CoV-2 viral replication and pathogenesis, and highlight pre-clinical and clinical studies evaluating the therapeutic efficacy of IFN in limiting COVID-19 severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elise G. Viox
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Steven E. Bosinger
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Emory NPRC Genomics Core Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Daniel C. Douek
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Gideon Schreiber
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Mirko Paiardini
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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15
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Huret C, Ferrayé L, David A, Mohamed M, Valentin N, Charlotte F, Savignac M, Goodhardt M, Guéry JC, Rougeulle C, Morey C. Altered X-chromosome inactivation predisposes to autoimmunity. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadn6537. [PMID: 38701219 PMCID: PMC11068014 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adn6537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
In mammals, males and females show marked differences in immune responses. Males are globally more sensitive to infectious diseases, while females are more susceptible to systemic autoimmunity. X-chromosome inactivation (XCI), the epigenetic mechanism ensuring the silencing of one X in females, may participate in these sex biases. We perturbed the expression of the trigger of XCI, the noncoding RNA Xist, in female mice. This resulted in reactivation of genes on the inactive X, including members of the Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7) signaling pathway, in monocyte/macrophages and dendritic and B cells. Consequently, female mice spontaneously developed inflammatory signs typical of lupus, including anti-nucleic acid autoantibodies, increased frequencies of age-associated and germinal center B cells, and expansion of monocyte/macrophages and dendritic cells. Mechanistically, TLR7 signaling is dysregulated in macrophages, leading to sustained expression of target genes upon stimulation. These findings provide a direct link between maintenance of XCI and female-biased autoimmune manifestations and highlight altered XCI as a cause of autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Huret
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Epigenetics and Cell Fate, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Léa Ferrayé
- Toulouse Institute for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases (Infinity), INSERM UMR1291, CNRS UMR5051, University Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Antoine David
- Université Paris Cité, INSERM UMRS 976, Institut de Recherche Saint Louis, F-75010, Paris, France
| | - Myriame Mohamed
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Epigenetics and Cell Fate, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Nicolas Valentin
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Institut Jacques Monod, F-75013, Paris, France
| | - Frédéric Charlotte
- Sorbonne University, Department of Pathological Anatomy and Cytology, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière Charles Foix, F-75013, Paris, France
| | - Magali Savignac
- Toulouse Institute for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases (Infinity), INSERM UMR1291, CNRS UMR5051, University Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Michele Goodhardt
- Université Paris Cité, INSERM UMRS 976, Institut de Recherche Saint Louis, F-75010, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Charles Guéry
- Toulouse Institute for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases (Infinity), INSERM UMR1291, CNRS UMR5051, University Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Claire Rougeulle
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Epigenetics and Cell Fate, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Céline Morey
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Epigenetics and Cell Fate, F-75013 Paris, France
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16
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Angulo-Aguado M, Carrillo-Martinez JC, Contreras-Bravo NC, Morel A, Parra-Abaunza K, Usaquén W, Fonseca-Mendoza DJ, Ortega-Recalde O. Next-generation sequencing of host genetics risk factors associated with COVID-19 severity and long-COVID in Colombian population. Sci Rep 2024; 14:8497. [PMID: 38605121 PMCID: PMC11009356 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-57982-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was considered a major public health burden worldwide. Multiple studies have shown that susceptibility to severe infections and the development of long-term symptoms is significantly influenced by viral and host factors. These findings have highlighted the potential of host genetic markers to identify high-risk individuals and develop target interventions to reduce morbimortality. Despite its importance, genetic host factors remain largely understudied in Latin-American populations. Using a case-control design and a custom next-generation sequencing (NGS) panel encompassing 81 genetic variants and 74 genes previously associated with COVID-19 severity and long-COVID, we analyzed 56 individuals with asymptomatic or mild COVID-19 and 56 severe and critical cases. In agreement with previous studies, our results support the association between several clinical variables, including male sex, obesity and common symptoms like cough and dyspnea, and severe COVID-19. Remarkably, thirteen genetic variants showed an association with COVID-19 severity. Among these variants, rs11385942 (p < 0.01; OR = 10.88; 95% CI = 1.36-86.51) located in the LZTFL1 gene, and rs35775079 (p = 0.02; OR = 8.53; 95% CI = 1.05-69.45) located in CCR3 showed the strongest associations. Various respiratory and systemic symptoms, along with the rs8178521 variant (p < 0.01; OR = 2.51; 95% CI = 1.27-4.94) in the IL10RB gene, were significantly associated with the presence of long-COVID. The results of the predictive model comparison showed that the mixed model, which incorporates genetic and non-genetic variables, outperforms clinical and genetic models. To our knowledge, this is the first study in Colombia and Latin-America proposing a predictive model for COVID-19 severity and long-COVID based on genomic analysis. Our study highlights the usefulness of genomic approaches to studying host genetic risk factors in specific populations. The methodology used allowed us to validate several genetic variants previously associated with COVID-19 severity and long-COVID. Finally, the integrated model illustrates the importance of considering genetic factors in precision medicine of infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Angulo-Aguado
- School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Center for Research in Genetics and Genomics (CIGGUR), Institute of Translational Medicine (IMT), Universidad Del Rosario, Bogotá, D.C, Colombia
| | - Juan Camilo Carrillo-Martinez
- School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Center for Research in Genetics and Genomics (CIGGUR), Institute of Translational Medicine (IMT), Universidad Del Rosario, Bogotá, D.C, Colombia
| | - Nora Constanza Contreras-Bravo
- School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Center for Research in Genetics and Genomics (CIGGUR), Institute of Translational Medicine (IMT), Universidad Del Rosario, Bogotá, D.C, Colombia
| | - Adrien Morel
- School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Center for Research in Genetics and Genomics (CIGGUR), Institute of Translational Medicine (IMT), Universidad Del Rosario, Bogotá, D.C, Colombia
| | | | - William Usaquén
- Populations Genetics and Identification Group, Institute of Genetics, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, D.C, Colombia
| | - Dora Janeth Fonseca-Mendoza
- School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Center for Research in Genetics and Genomics (CIGGUR), Institute of Translational Medicine (IMT), Universidad Del Rosario, Bogotá, D.C, Colombia
| | - Oscar Ortega-Recalde
- School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Center for Research in Genetics and Genomics (CIGGUR), Institute of Translational Medicine (IMT), Universidad Del Rosario, Bogotá, D.C, Colombia.
- Departamento de Morfología, Facultad de Medicina e Instituto de Genética, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, D.C, Colombia.
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17
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Kawai T, Ikegawa M, Ori D, Akira S. Decoding Toll-like receptors: Recent insights and perspectives in innate immunity. Immunity 2024; 57:649-673. [PMID: 38599164 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2024.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are an evolutionarily conserved family in the innate immune system and are the first line of host defense against microbial pathogens by recognizing pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). TLRs, categorized into cell surface and endosomal subfamilies, recognize diverse PAMPs, and structural elucidation of TLRs and PAMP complexes has revealed their intricate mechanisms. TLRs activate common and specific signaling pathways to shape immune responses. Recent studies have shown the importance of post-transcriptional regulation in TLR-mediated inflammatory responses. Despite their protective functions, aberrant responses of TLRs contribute to inflammatory and autoimmune disorders. Understanding the delicate balance between TLR activation and regulatory mechanisms is crucial for deciphering their dual role in immune defense and disease pathogenesis. This review provides an overview of recent insights into the history of TLR discovery, elucidation of TLR ligands and signaling pathways, and their relevance to various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taro Kawai
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunobiology, Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST), Nara 630-0192, Japan; Life Science Collaboration Center (LiSCo), Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST), Nara 630-0192, Japan.
| | - Moe Ikegawa
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunobiology, Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST), Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Daisuke Ori
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunobiology, Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST), Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Shizuo Akira
- Center for Advanced Modalities and DSS (CAMaD), Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; Laboratory of Host Defense, Immunology Frontier Research Center (IFReC), Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; Department of Host Defense, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases (RIMD), Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
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18
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Sun YK, Wang C, Lin PQ, Hu L, Ye J, Gao ZG, Lin R, Li HM, Shu Q, Huang LS, Tan LH. Severe pediatric COVID-19: a review from the clinical and immunopathophysiological perspectives. World J Pediatr 2024; 20:307-324. [PMID: 38321331 PMCID: PMC11052880 DOI: 10.1007/s12519-023-00790-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) tends to have mild presentations in children. However, severe and critical cases do arise in the pediatric population with debilitating systemic impacts and can be fatal at times, meriting further attention from clinicians. Meanwhile, the intricate interactions between the pathogen virulence factors and host defense mechanisms are believed to play indispensable roles in severe COVID-19 pathophysiology but remain incompletely understood. DATA SOURCES A comprehensive literature review was conducted for pertinent publications by reviewers independently using the PubMed, Embase, and Wanfang databases. Searched keywords included "COVID-19 in children", "severe pediatric COVID-19", and "critical illness in children with COVID-19". RESULTS Risks of developing severe COVID-19 in children escalate with increasing numbers of co-morbidities and an unvaccinated status. Acute respiratory distress stress and necrotizing pneumonia are prominent pulmonary manifestations, while various forms of cardiovascular and neurological involvement may also be seen. Multiple immunological processes are implicated in the host response to COVID-19 including the type I interferon and inflammasome pathways, whose dysregulation in severe and critical diseases translates into adverse clinical manifestations. Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C), a potentially life-threatening immune-mediated condition chronologically associated with COVID-19 exposure, denotes another scientific and clinical conundrum that exemplifies the complexity of pediatric immunity. Despite the considerable dissimilarities between the pediatric and adult immune systems, clinical trials dedicated to children are lacking and current management recommendations are largely adapted from adult guidelines. CONCLUSIONS Severe pediatric COVID-19 can affect multiple organ systems. The dysregulated immune pathways in severe COVID-19 shape the disease course, epitomize the vast functional diversity of the pediatric immune system and highlight the immunophenotypical differences between children and adults. Consequently, further research may be warranted to adequately address them in pediatric-specific clinical practice guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Kan Sun
- Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310052, China
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310030, China
| | - Can Wang
- Surgical Intensive Care Unit, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310052, China
| | - Pei-Quan Lin
- Surgical Intensive Care Unit, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310052, China
| | - Lei Hu
- Surgical Intensive Care Unit, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310052, China
| | - Jing Ye
- Surgical Intensive Care Unit, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310052, China
| | - Zhi-Gang Gao
- Department of General Surgery, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310052, China
| | - Ru Lin
- Department of Cardiopulmonary and Extracorporeal Life Support, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310052, China
| | - Hao-Min Li
- Clinical Data Center, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310052, China
| | - Qiang Shu
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310052, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310052, China
| | - Li-Su Huang
- National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310052, China.
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310052, China.
| | - Lin-Hua Tan
- Surgical Intensive Care Unit, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310052, China.
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19
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Montenegro AFL, Clementino MAF, Yaochite JNU. Type I interferon pathway genetic variants in severe COVID-19. Virus Res 2024; 342:199339. [PMID: 38354910 PMCID: PMC10901847 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2024.199339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by SARS-CoV-2. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), there have been over 760 million reported cases and over 6 million deaths caused by this disease worldwide. The severity of COVID-19 is based on symptoms presented by the patient and is divided as asymptomatic, mild, moderate, severe, and critical. The manifestations are interconnected with genetic variations. The innate immunity is the quickest response mechanism of an organism against viruses. Type I interferon pathway plays a key role in antiviral responses due to viral replication inhibition in infected cells and adaptive immunity stimulation induced by interferon molecules. Thus, variants in type I interferon pathway's genes are being studied in different COVID-19 manifestations. This review summarizes the role of variants in type I interferon pathway's genes on prognosis and severity progression of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- A F L Montenegro
- Laboratório de Imunologia Celular e Molecular, Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas da Faculdade de Farmácia, Odontologia e Enfermagem, Universidade Federal do Ceará - UFC, Rua Pastor Samuel Munguba, 1210 - Rodolfo Teófilo, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brasil
| | - M A F Clementino
- Laboratório de Toxinologia Molecular, NUBIMED - Núcleo de Biomedicina, Universidade Federal do Ceará - UFC. Fortaleza, Ceará, Brasil
| | - J N U Yaochite
- Laboratório de Imunologia Celular e Molecular, Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas da Faculdade de Farmácia, Odontologia e Enfermagem, Universidade Federal do Ceará - UFC, Rua Pastor Samuel Munguba, 1210 - Rodolfo Teófilo, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brasil.
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20
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Xu Z, Wang H, Jiang S, Teng J, Zhou D, Chen Z, Wen C, Xu Z. Brain Pathology in COVID-19: Clinical Manifestations and Potential Mechanisms. Neurosci Bull 2024; 40:383-400. [PMID: 37715924 PMCID: PMC10912108 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-023-01110-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurological manifestations of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are less noticeable than the respiratory symptoms, but they may be associated with disability and mortality in COVID-19. Even though Omicron caused less severe disease than Delta, the incidence of neurological manifestations is similar. More than 30% of patients experienced "brain fog", delirium, stroke, and cognitive impairment, and over half of these patients presented abnormal neuroimaging outcomes. In this review, we summarize current advances in the clinical findings of neurological manifestations in COVID-19 patients and compare them with those in patients with influenza infection. We also illustrate the structure and cellular invasion mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 and describe the pathway for central SARS-CoV-2 invasion. In addition, we discuss direct damage and other pathological conditions caused by SARS-CoV-2, such as an aberrant interferon response, cytokine storm, lymphopenia, and hypercoagulation, to provide treatment ideas. This review may offer new insights into preventing or treating brain damage in COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixing Xu
- First School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Hui Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Siya Jiang
- Second School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Jiao Teng
- Affiliated Lin'an People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, First People's Hospital of Hangzhou Lin'an District, Lin'an, Hangzhou, 311300, China
| | - Dongxu Zhou
- School of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Zhong Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
- Key Laboratory of Neuropharmacology and Translational Medicine of Zhejiang Province, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Chengping Wen
- Laboratory of Rheumatology and Institute of TCM Clinical Basic Medicine, College of Basic Medical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China.
| | - Zhenghao Xu
- Key Laboratory of Neuropharmacology and Translational Medicine of Zhejiang Province, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China.
- Laboratory of Rheumatology and Institute of TCM Clinical Basic Medicine, College of Basic Medical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China.
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21
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Asano T, Noma K, Mizoguchi Y, Karakawa S, Okada S. Human STAT1 gain of function with chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis: A comprehensive review for strengthening the connection between bedside observations and laboratory research. Immunol Rev 2024; 322:81-97. [PMID: 38084635 DOI: 10.1111/imr.13300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Germline human heterozygous STAT1 gain-of-function (GOF) variants were first discovered a common cause of chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis (CMC) in 2011. Since then, numerous STAT1 GOF variants have been identified. A variety of clinical phenotypes, including fungal, viral, and bacterial infections, endocrine disorders, autoimmunity, malignancy, and aneurysms, have recently been revealed for STAT1 GOF variants, which has led to the expansion of the clinical spectrum associated with STAT1 GOF. Among this broad range of complications, it has been determined that invasive infections, aneurysms, and malignancies are poor prognostic factors for STAT1 GOF. The effectiveness of JAK inhibitors as a therapeutic option has been established, although further investigation of their long-term utility and side effects is needed. In contrast to the advancements in treatment options, the precise molecular mechanism underlying STAT1 GOF remains undetermined. Two primary hypotheses for this mechanism involve impaired STAT1 dephosphorylation and increased STAT1 protein levels, both of which are still controversial. A precise understanding of the molecular mechanism is essential for not only advancing diagnostics but also developing therapeutic interventions. Here, we provide a comprehensive review of STAT1 GOF with the aim of establishing a stronger connection between bedside observations and laboratory research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takaki Asano
- Department of Pediatrics, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Science, Hiroshima, Japan
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Kosuke Noma
- Department of Pediatrics, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Science, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Yoko Mizoguchi
- Department of Pediatrics, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Science, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Shuhei Karakawa
- Department of Pediatrics, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Science, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Satoshi Okada
- Department of Pediatrics, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Science, Hiroshima, Japan
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22
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Garg E, Arguello-Pascualli P, Vishnyakova O, Halevy AR, Yoo S, Brooks JD, Bull SB, Gagnon F, Greenwood CMT, Hung RJ, Lawless JF, Lerner-Ellis J, Dennis JK, Abraham RJS, Garant JM, Thiruvahindrapuram B, Jones SJM, Strug LJ, Paterson AD, Sun L, Elliott LT. Canadian COVID-19 host genetics cohort replicates known severity associations. PLoS Genet 2024; 20:e1011192. [PMID: 38517939 PMCID: PMC10990181 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1011192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The HostSeq initiative recruited 10,059 Canadians infected with SARS-CoV-2 between March 2020 and March 2023, obtained clinical information on their disease experience and whole genome sequenced (WGS) their DNA. We analyzed the WGS data for genetic contributors to severe COVID-19 (considering 3,499 hospitalized cases and 4,975 non-hospitalized after quality control). We investigated the evidence for replication of loci reported by the International Host Genetics Initiative (HGI); analyzed the X chromosome; conducted rare variant gene-based analysis and polygenic risk score testing. Population stratification was adjusted for using meta-analysis across ancestry groups. We replicated two loci identified by the HGI for COVID-19 severity: the LZTFL1/SLC6A20 locus on chromosome 3 and the FOXP4 locus on chromosome 6 (the latter with a variant significant at P < 5E-8). We found novel significant associations with MRAS and WDR89 in gene-based analyses, and constructed a polygenic risk score that explained 1.01% of the variance in severe COVID-19. This study provides independent evidence confirming the robustness of previously identified COVID-19 severity loci by the HGI and identifies novel genes for further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elika Garg
- Department of Statistics and Actuarial Science, Simon Fraser University, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Genetics and Genome Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Paola Arguello-Pascualli
- BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Olga Vishnyakova
- Department of Statistics and Actuarial Science, Simon Fraser University, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Canada’s Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Anat R. Halevy
- Genetics and Genome Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Samantha Yoo
- Genetics and Genome Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jennifer D. Brooks
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Shelley B. Bull
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - France Gagnon
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Celia M. T. Greenwood
- Gerald Bronfman Department of Oncology, Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Rayjean J. Hung
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jerald F. Lawless
- Department of Statistics and Actuarial Science, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jordan Lerner-Ellis
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jessica K. Dennis
- BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Rohan J. S. Abraham
- Canada’s Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Jean-Michel Garant
- Canada’s Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | | | - Steven J. M. Jones
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Canada’s Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | | | - Lisa J. Strug
- Genetics and Genome Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Statistical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Andrew D. Paterson
- Genetics and Genome Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lei Sun
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Statistical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lloyd T. Elliott
- Department of Statistics and Actuarial Science, Simon Fraser University, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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23
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Bucciol G, Delafontaine S, Meyts I, Poli C. Inborn errors of immunity: A field without frontiers. Immunol Rev 2024; 322:15-27. [PMID: 38062988 DOI: 10.1111/imr.13297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
The study of primary immunodeficiencies or inborn errors of immunity continues to drive our knowledge of the function of the human immune system. From the outset, the study of inborn errors has focused on unraveling genetic etiologies and molecular mechanisms. Aided by the continuous growth in genetic diagnostics, the field has moved from the study of an infection dominated phenotype to embrace and unravel diverse manifestations of autoinflammation, autoimmunity, malignancy, and severe allergy in all medical disciplines. It has now moved from the study of ultrarare presentations to producing meaningful impact in conditions as diverse as inflammatory bowel disease, neurological conditions, and hematology. Beyond offering immunogenetic diagnosis, the study of underlying inborn errors of immunity in these conditions points to targeted treatment which can be lifesaving.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgia Bucciol
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Laboratory for Inborn Errors of Immunity, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Selket Delafontaine
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Laboratory for Inborn Errors of Immunity, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Isabelle Meyts
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Laboratory for Inborn Errors of Immunity, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Cecilia Poli
- Facultad de Medicina Universidad del Desarrollo-Clínica Alemana, Santiago, Chile
- Unidad de Inmunología y Reumatología, Hospital Roberto del Río, Santiago, Chile
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24
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Zhang Z, Wang S, Jiang L, Wei J, Lu C, Li S, Diao Y, Fang Z, He S, Tan T, Yang Y, Zou K, Shi J, Lin J, Chen L, Bao C, Fei J, Fang H. Priority index for critical Covid-19 identifies clinically actionable targets and drugs. Commun Biol 2024; 7:189. [PMID: 38366110 PMCID: PMC10873402 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-05897-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024] Open
Abstract
While genome-wide studies have identified genomic loci in hosts associated with life-threatening Covid-19 (critical Covid-19), the challenge of resolving these loci hinders further identification of clinically actionable targets and drugs. Building upon our previous success, we here present a priority index solution designed to address this challenge, generating the target and drug resource that consists of two indexes: the target index and the drug index. The primary purpose of the target index is to identify clinically actionable targets by prioritising genes associated with Covid-19. We illustrate the validity of the target index by demonstrating its ability to identify pre-existing Covid-19 phase-III drug targets, with the majority of these targets being found at the leading prioritisation (leading targets). These leading targets have their evolutionary origins in Amniota ('four-leg vertebrates') and are predominantly involved in cytokine-cytokine receptor interactions and JAK-STAT signaling. The drug index highlights opportunities for repurposing clinically approved JAK-STAT inhibitors, either individually or in combination. This proposed strategic focus on the JAK-STAT pathway is supported by the active pursuit of therapeutic agents targeting this pathway in ongoing phase-II/III clinical trials for Covid-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Zhang
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
- School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Shan Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Lulu Jiang
- Translational Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS1 3NY, UK
| | - Jianwen Wei
- Network and Information Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Chang Lu
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Imperial College London, London, W12 0HS, UK
| | - Shengli Li
- Precision Research Center for Refractory Diseases, Institute for Clinical Research, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Yizhu Diao
- College of Finance and Statistics, Hunan University, Changsha, 410079, Hunan, China
| | - Zhongcheng Fang
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
- School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Shuo He
- College of Health Science and Technology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Tingting Tan
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Yisheng Yang
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Kexin Zou
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
- School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Jiantao Shi
- Key Laboratory of RNA Science and Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - James Lin
- Network and Information Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Liye Chen
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7LD, UK.
| | - Chaohui Bao
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China.
- Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital Luwan Branch, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200020, China.
| | - Jian Fei
- Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital Luwan Branch, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200020, China.
- Department of General Surgery, Pancreatic Disease Center, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China.
| | - Hai Fang
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China.
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25
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Rauch E, Amendt T, Lopez Krol A, Lang FB, Linse V, Hohmann M, Keim AC, Kreutzer S, Kawengian K, Buchholz M, Duschner P, Grauer S, Schnierle B, Ruhl A, Burtscher I, Dehnert S, Kuria C, Kupke A, Paul S, Liehr T, Lechner M, Schnare M, Kaufmann A, Huber M, Winkler TH, Bauer S, Yu P. T-bet + B cells are activated by and control endogenous retroviruses through TLR-dependent mechanisms. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1229. [PMID: 38336876 PMCID: PMC10858178 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45201-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Endogenous retroviruses (ERVs) are an integral part of the mammalian genome. The role of immune control of ERVs in general is poorly defined as is their function as anti-cancer immune targets or drivers of autoimmune disease. Here, we generate mouse-strains where Moloney-Murine Leukemia Virus tagged with GFP (ERV-GFP) infected the mouse germline. This enables us to analyze the role of genetic, epigenetic and cell intrinsic restriction factors in ERV activation and control. We identify an autoreactive B cell response against the neo-self/ERV antigen GFP as a key mechanism of ERV control. Hallmarks of this response are spontaneous ERV-GFP+ germinal center formation, elevated serum IFN-γ levels and a dependency on Age-associated B cells (ABCs) a subclass of T-bet+ memory B cells. Impairment of IgM B cell receptor-signal in nucleic-acid sensing TLR-deficient mice contributes to defective ERV control. Although ERVs are a part of the genome they break immune tolerance, induce immune surveillance against ERV-derived self-antigens and shape the host immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eileen Rauch
- Institute of Immunology, Philipps-Universität Marburg, 35043, Marburg, Germany
- CSL Behring Innovation GmbH, Emil-von-Behring-Str. 76, 35041, Marburg, Germany
| | - Timm Amendt
- Institute of Immunology, Philipps-Universität Marburg, 35043, Marburg, Germany
- The Francis Crick Institute, NW1 1AT, London, UK
| | | | - Fabian B Lang
- Institute of Immunology, Philipps-Universität Marburg, 35043, Marburg, Germany
| | - Vincent Linse
- Institute of Immunology, Philipps-Universität Marburg, 35043, Marburg, Germany
| | - Michelle Hohmann
- Institute of Immunology, Philipps-Universität Marburg, 35043, Marburg, Germany
- Apollo Ventures Holding GmbH, 20457, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ann-Christin Keim
- Institute of Immunology, Philipps-Universität Marburg, 35043, Marburg, Germany
| | - Susanne Kreutzer
- Max-Planck-Institute for Heart and Lung Research, 61231, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Kevin Kawengian
- Institute of Immunology, Philipps-Universität Marburg, 35043, Marburg, Germany
| | - Malte Buchholz
- Department of Gastroenterology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, and Core Facility Small Animal Multispectral and Ultrasound Imaging, Philipps-Universität Marburg, 35043, Marburg, Germany
| | - Philipp Duschner
- Institute of Immunology, Philipps-Universität Marburg, 35043, Marburg, Germany
| | - Saskia Grauer
- Institute of Immunology, Philipps-Universität Marburg, 35043, Marburg, Germany
| | - Barbara Schnierle
- Department of Virology, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, 63225, Langen, Germany
| | - Andreas Ruhl
- Institute of Immunology, Philipps-Universität Marburg, 35043, Marburg, Germany
- Department of Infection Biology, University Hospital Erlangen, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ingo Burtscher
- Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Sonja Dehnert
- Institute of Immunology, Philipps-Universität Marburg, 35043, Marburg, Germany
| | - Chege Kuria
- Nikolaus-Fiebiger Center for Molecular Medicine, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Alexandra Kupke
- Institute of Virology, Philipps-Universität Marburg, 35043, Marburg, Germany
| | - Stephanie Paul
- Institute of Immunology, Philipps-Universität Marburg, 35043, Marburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Liehr
- Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University, Institute of Human Genetics, 07747, Jena, Germany
| | - Marcus Lechner
- Center for Synthetic Microbiology, Philipps-Universität Marburg, 35043, Marburg, Germany
| | - Markus Schnare
- Institute of Immunology, Philipps-Universität Marburg, 35043, Marburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Kaufmann
- Institute of Immunology, Philipps-Universität Marburg, 35043, Marburg, Germany
| | - Magdalena Huber
- Institute of Sytems Immunology, Center for Tumor and Immunobiology, Philipps-Universität Marburg, 35043, Marburg, Germany
| | - Thomas H Winkler
- Nikolaus-Fiebiger Center for Molecular Medicine, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Stefan Bauer
- Institute of Immunology, Philipps-Universität Marburg, 35043, Marburg, Germany
| | - Philipp Yu
- Institute of Immunology, Philipps-Universität Marburg, 35043, Marburg, Germany.
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26
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Uslu K, Ozcelik F, Zararsiz G, Eldem V, Cephe A, Sahin IO, Yuksel RC, Sipahioglu H, Ozer Simsek Z, Baspinar O, Akalin H, Simsek Y, Gundogan K, Tutar N, Karayol Akin A, Ozkul Y, Yildiz O, Dundar M. Deciphering the host genetic factors conferring susceptibility to severe COVID-19 using exome sequencing. Genes Immun 2024; 25:14-42. [PMID: 38123822 DOI: 10.1038/s41435-023-00232-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic remains a significant public health concern despite the new vaccines and therapeutics. The clinical course of acute SARS-CoV-2 infection is highly variable and influenced by several factors related to the virus and the host. Numerous genetic studies, including candidate gene, exome, and genome sequencing studies, genome-wide association studies, and other omics efforts, have proposed various Mendelian and non-Mendelian associations with COVID-19 course. In this study, we conducted whole-exome sequencing on 90 unvaccinated patients from Turkey with no known comorbidities associated with severe COVID-19. Of these patients, 30 had severe, 30 had moderate, and 30 had mild/asymptomatic disease. We identified rare variants in genes associated with SARS-CoV-2 susceptibility and pathogenesis, with an emphasis on genes related to the regulation of inflammation, and discussed these in the context of the clinical course of the patients. In addition, we compared the frequencies of common variants between each group. Even though no variant remained statistically significant after correction for multiple testing, we observed that certain previously associated genes and variants showed significant associations before correction. Our study contributes to the existing literature regarding the genetic susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2. Future studies would be beneficial characterizing the host genetic properties in different populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kubra Uslu
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Firat Ozcelik
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Gokmen Zararsiz
- Department of Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
- Drug Application and Research Center (ERFARMA), Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Vahap Eldem
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ahu Cephe
- Institutional Data Management and Analytics Units, Erciyes University Rectorate, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Izem Olcay Sahin
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Recep Civan Yuksel
- Division of Intensive Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kayseri City Education and Research Hospital, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Hilal Sipahioglu
- Division of Intensive Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kayseri City Education and Research Hospital, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Zuhal Ozer Simsek
- Division of Intensive Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kayseri City Education and Research Hospital, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Osman Baspinar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kayseri City Education and Research Hospital, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Hilal Akalin
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Yasin Simsek
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Kayseri City Education and Research Hospital, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Kursat Gundogan
- Division of Intensive Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Nuri Tutar
- Department of Chest Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Aynur Karayol Akin
- Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Yusuf Ozkul
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Orhan Yildiz
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Munis Dundar
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey.
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27
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Fernández JJ, Mancebo C, Garcinuño S, March G, Alvarez Y, Alonso S, Inglada L, Blanco J, Orduña A, Montero O, Sandoval TA, Cubillos-Ruiz JR, Bustamante-Munguira E, Fernández N, Crespo MS. Innate IRE1α-XBP1 activation by viral single-stranded RNA and its influence on lung cytokine production during SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia. Genes Immun 2024; 25:43-54. [PMID: 38146001 DOI: 10.1038/s41435-023-00243-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
The utilization of host-cell machinery during SARS-CoV-2 infection can overwhelm the protein-folding capacity of the endoplasmic reticulum and activate the unfolded protein response (UPR). The IRE1α-XBP1 arm of the UPR could also be activated by viral RNA via Toll-like receptors. Based on these premises, a study to gain insight into the pathogenesis of COVID-19 disease was conducted using nasopharyngeal exudates and bronchioloalveolar aspirates. The presence of the mRNA of spliced XBP1 and a high expression of cytokine mRNAs were observed during active infection. TLR8 mRNA showed an overwhelming expression in comparison with TLR7 mRNA in bronchioloalveolar aspirates of COVID-19 patients, thus suggesting the presence of monocytes and monocyte-derived dendritic cells (MDDCs). In vitro experiments in MDDCs activated with ssRNA40, a synthetic mimic of SARS-CoV-2 RNA, showed induction of XBP1 splicing and the expression of proinflammatory cytokines. These responses were blunted by the IRE1α inhibitor MKC8866, the TLR8 antagonist CU-CPT9a, and knockdown of TLR8 receptor. In contrast, the IRE1α-XBP1 activator IXA4 enhanced these responses. Based on these findings, the TLR8/IRE1α system seems to play a significant role in the induction of the proinflammatory cytokines associated with severe COVID-19 disease and might be a druggable target to control cytokine storm.
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Affiliation(s)
- José J Fernández
- Unidad de Excelencia Instituto de Biomedicina y Genética Molecular, CSIC-Universidad de Valladolid, 47003, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Cristina Mancebo
- Unidad de Excelencia Instituto de Biomedicina y Genética Molecular, CSIC-Universidad de Valladolid, 47003, Valladolid, Spain
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Biología Molecular y Fisiología, Universidad de Valladolid, 47003, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Sonsoles Garcinuño
- Servicio de Microbiología, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Universidad de Valladolid, 47003, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Gabriel March
- Servicio de Microbiología, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Universidad de Valladolid, 47003, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Yolanda Alvarez
- Unidad de Excelencia Instituto de Biomedicina y Genética Molecular, CSIC-Universidad de Valladolid, 47003, Valladolid, Spain
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Biología Molecular y Fisiología, Universidad de Valladolid, 47003, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Sara Alonso
- Unidad de Excelencia Instituto de Biomedicina y Genética Molecular, CSIC-Universidad de Valladolid, 47003, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Luis Inglada
- Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Universitario Rio-Hortega, 47012, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Jesús Blanco
- Servicio de Medicina Intensiva, Hospital Universitario Rio-Hortega, 47012, Valladolid, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio Orduña
- Servicio de Microbiología, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Universidad de Valladolid, 47003, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Olimpio Montero
- Unidad de Excelencia Instituto de Biomedicina y Genética Molecular, CSIC-Universidad de Valladolid, 47003, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Tito A Sandoval
- Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Cornell University, New York, NY, 10065, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA
- Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Juan R Cubillos-Ruiz
- Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Cornell University, New York, NY, 10065, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA
- Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Elena Bustamante-Munguira
- Servicio de Medicina Intensiva, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, 47003, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Nieves Fernández
- Unidad de Excelencia Instituto de Biomedicina y Genética Molecular, CSIC-Universidad de Valladolid, 47003, Valladolid, Spain
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Biología Molecular y Fisiología, Universidad de Valladolid, 47003, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Mariano Sánchez Crespo
- Unidad de Excelencia Instituto de Biomedicina y Genética Molecular, CSIC-Universidad de Valladolid, 47003, Valladolid, Spain.
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28
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Yoo JS. Cellular Stress Responses against Coronavirus Infection: A Means of the Innate Antiviral Defense. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 34:1-9. [PMID: 37674398 PMCID: PMC10840489 DOI: 10.4014/jmb.2307.07038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
Cellular stress responses are crucial for maintaining cellular homeostasis. Stress granules (SGs), activated by eIF2α kinases in response to various stimuli, play a pivotal role in dealing with diverse stress conditions. Viral infection, as one kind of cellular stress, triggers specific cellular programs aimed at overcoming virus-induced stresses. Recent studies have revealed that virus-derived stress responses are tightly linked to the host's antiviral innate immunity. Virus infection-induced SGs act as platforms for antiviral sensors, facilitating the initiation of protective antiviral responses called "antiviral stress granules" (avSGs). However, many viruses, including coronaviruses, have evolved strategies to suppress avSG formation, thereby counteracting the host's immune responses. This review discusses the intricate relationship between cellular stress responses and antiviral innate immunity, with a specific focus on coronaviruses. Furthermore, the diverse mechanisms employed by viruses to counteract avSGs are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Seung Yoo
- School of Life Sciences, BK21 FOUR KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
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29
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Luan X, Wang L, Song G, Zhou W. Innate immune responses to RNA: sensing and signaling. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1287940. [PMID: 38343534 PMCID: PMC10854198 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1287940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Nucleic acids are among the most essential PAMPs (pathogen-associated molecular patterns). Animals have evolved numerous sensors to recognize nucleic acids and trigger immune signaling against pathogen replication, cellular stress and cancer. Many sensor proteins (e.g., cGAS, AIM2, and TLR9) recognize the molecular signature of infection or stress and are responsible for the innate immune response to DNA. Remarkably, recent evidence demonstrates that cGAS-like receptors acquire the ability to sense RNA in some forms of life. Compared with the nucleic-acid sensing by cGAS, innate immune responses to RNA are based on various RNA sensors, including RIG-I, MDA5, ADAR1, TLR3/7/8, OAS1, PKR, NLRP1/6, and ZBP1, via a broad-spectrum signaling axis. Importantly, new advances have brought to light the potential clinical application of targeting these signaling pathways. Here, we highlight the latest discoveries in the field. We also summarize the activation and regulatory mechanisms of RNA-sensing signaling. In addition, we discuss how RNA sensing is tightly controlled in cells and why the disruption of immune homeostasis is linked to disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohan Luan
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Biomolecular Assembling and Regulation, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Systems Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Guangji Song
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Wen Zhou
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Biomolecular Assembling and Regulation, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
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30
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Covill LE, Sendel A, Campbell TM, Piiroinen I, Enoksson SL, Borgström EW, Hansen S, Ma K, Marits P, Norlin AC, Smith CIE, Kåhlin J, Eriksson LI, Bergman P, Bryceson YT. Evaluation of Genetic or Cellular Impairments in Type I IFN Immunity in a Cohort of Young Adults with Critical COVID-19. J Clin Immunol 2024; 44:50. [PMID: 38231281 PMCID: PMC10794435 DOI: 10.1007/s10875-023-01641-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
Several genetic and immunological risk factors for severe COVID-19 have been identified, with monogenic conditions relating to 13 genes of type I interferon (IFN) immunity proposed to explain 4.8% of critical cases. However, previous cohorts have been clinically heterogeneous and were not subjected to thorough genetic and immunological analyses. We therefore aimed to systematically investigate the prevalence of rare genetic variants causing inborn errors of immunity (IEI) and functionally interrogate the type I IFN pathway in young adults that suffered from critical COVID-19 yet lacked comorbidities. We selected and clinically characterized a cohort of 38 previously healthy individuals under 50 years of age who were treated in intensive care units due to critical COVID-19. Blood samples were collected after convalescence. Two patients had IFN-α autoantibodies. Genome sequencing revealed very rare variants in the type I IFN pathway in 31.6% of the patients, which was similar to controls. Analyses of cryopreserved leukocytes did not indicate any defect in plasmacytoid dendritic cell sensing of TLR7 and TLR9 agonists in patients carrying variants in these pathways. However, lymphocyte STAT phosphorylation and protein upregulation upon IFN-α stimulation revealed three possible cases of impaired type I IFN signaling in carriers of rare variants. Together, our results suggest a strategy of functional screening followed by genome analyses and biochemical validation to uncover undiagnosed causes of critical COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- L E Covill
- Center for Hematology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - A Sendel
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - T M Campbell
- Center for Hematology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - I Piiroinen
- Center for Hematology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - S Lind Enoksson
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - E Wahren Borgström
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - S Hansen
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - K Ma
- Center for Hematology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - P Marits
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - A C Norlin
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - C I E Smith
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - J Kåhlin
- Division of Perioperative Medicine and Intensive Care, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - L I Eriksson
- Division of Perioperative Medicine and Intensive Care, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - P Bergman
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Y T Bryceson
- Center for Hematology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
- Broegelmann Laboratory, Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
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31
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Fam BSDO, Feira MF, Cadore NA, Sbruzzi R, Hünemeier T, Abel L, Zhang Q, Casanova JL, Vianna FSL. Human genetic determinants of COVID-19 in Brazil: challenges and future plans. Genet Mol Biol 2024; 46:e20230128. [PMID: 38226654 DOI: 10.1590/1678-4685-gmb-2023-0128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 pandemic represented a worldwide major challenge in different areas, and efforts undertaken by the scientific community led to the understanding of some of the genetic determinants that influence the different COVID-19 outcomes. In this paper, we review the studies about the role of human genetics in COVID-19 severity and how Brazilian studies also contributed to those findings. Rare variants in genes related to Inborn Errors of Immunity (IEI) in the type I interferons pathway, and its phenocopies, have been described as being causative of severe outcomes. IEI and its phenocopies are present in Brazil, not only in COVID-19 patients, but also in autoimmune conditions and severe reactions to yellow fever vaccine. In addition, studies focusing on common variants and GWAS studies encompassing worldwide patients have found several loci associated with COVID-19 severity. A GWAS study including only Brazilian COVID-19 patients identified a new locus 1q32.1 associated with COVID-19 severity. Thus, more comprehensive studies considering the Brazilian genomic diversity should be performed, since they can help to reveal not only what are the genetic determinants that contribute to the different outcomes for COVID-19 in the Brazilian population, but in the understanding of human genetics in different health conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bibiana S de Oliveira Fam
- Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Centro de Pesquisa Experimental, Laboratório de Medicina Genômica, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Instituto de Biociências, Departamento de Genética, Laboratório de Imunogenética, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Instituto Nacional de Genética Médica Populacional (INaGeMP), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Marilea Furtado Feira
- Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Centro de Pesquisa Experimental, Laboratório de Medicina Genômica, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Instituto de Biociências, Departamento de Genética, Laboratório de Imunogenética, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Instituto Nacional de Genética Médica Populacional (INaGeMP), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Nathan Araujo Cadore
- Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Centro de Pesquisa Experimental, Laboratório de Medicina Genômica, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Instituto de Biociências, Departamento de Genética, Laboratório de Imunogenética, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Instituto Nacional de Genética Médica Populacional (INaGeMP), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Renan Sbruzzi
- Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Centro de Pesquisa Experimental, Laboratório de Medicina Genômica, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Instituto de Biociências, Departamento de Genética, Laboratório de Imunogenética, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Instituto Nacional de Genética Médica Populacional (INaGeMP), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Tábita Hünemeier
- Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Biociências, Departamento de Genética e Biologia Evolutiva, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Institut de Biologia Evolutiva (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas/Universitat Pompeu Fabra), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laurent Abel
- The Rockefeller University, Rockefeller Branch, St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, New York, NY, USA
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
- University Paris Cité, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
| | - Qian Zhang
- The Rockefeller University, Rockefeller Branch, St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, New York, NY, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jean-Laurent Casanova
- The Rockefeller University, Rockefeller Branch, St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, New York, NY, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, New York, NY, USA
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
- University Paris Cité, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
- Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Department of Pediatrics, Paris, France
| | - Fernanda Sales Luiz Vianna
- Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Centro de Pesquisa Experimental, Laboratório de Medicina Genômica, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Instituto de Biociências, Departamento de Genética, Laboratório de Imunogenética, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Instituto Nacional de Genética Médica Populacional (INaGeMP), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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32
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Zhu T, Liu H, Gao S, Jiang N, Chen S, Xie W. Effect of salidroside on neuroprotection and psychiatric sequelae during the COVID-19 pandemic: A review. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 170:115999. [PMID: 38091637 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has affected the mental health of individuals worldwide, and the risk of psychiatric sequelae and consequent mental disorders has increased among the general population, health care workers and patients with COVID-19. Achieving effective and widespread prevention of pandemic-related psychiatric sequelae to protect the mental health of the global population is a serious challenge. Salidroside, as a natural agent, has substantial pharmacological activity and health effects, exerts obvious neuroprotective effects, and may be effective in preventing and treating psychiatric sequelae and mental disorders resulting from stress stemming from the COVID-19 pandemic. Herein, we systematically summarise, analyse and discuss the therapeutic effects of salidroside in the prevention and treatment of psychiatric sequelae as well as its roles in preventing the progression of mental disorders, and fully clarify the potential of salidroside as a widely applicable agent for preventing mental disorders caused by stress; the mechanisms underlying the potential protective effects of salidroside are involved in the regulation of the oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, neural regeneration and cell apoptosis in the brain, the network homeostasis of neurotransmission, HPA axis and cholinergic system, and the improvement of synaptic plasticity. Notably, this review innovatively proposes that salidroside is a potential agent for treating stress-induced health issues during the COVID-19 pandemic and provides scientific evidence and a theoretical basis for the use of natural products to combat the current mental health crisis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Zhu
- Institute of Neuroregeneration & Neurorehabilitation, Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Hui Liu
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutics & State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, Guizhou, China; Engineering Research Center for the Development and Application of Ethnic Medicine and TCM (Ministry of Education), Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, Guizhou, China
| | - Shiman Gao
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Women and Children's Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266034, China
| | - Ning Jiang
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Shuai Chen
- School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Donghu Road No. 115, Wuchang District, Wuhan 430071, China.
| | - Weijie Xie
- Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Shanghai Pudong New Area Mental Health Center, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200122, China.
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Dunn SE, Perry WA, Klein SL. Mechanisms and consequences of sex differences in immune responses. Nat Rev Nephrol 2024; 20:37-55. [PMID: 37993681 DOI: 10.1038/s41581-023-00787-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
Biological sex differences refer to differences between males and females caused by the sex chromosome complement (that is, XY or XX), reproductive tissues (that is, the presence of testes or ovaries), and concentrations of sex steroids (that is, testosterone or oestrogens and progesterone). Although these sex differences are binary for most human individuals and mice, transgender individuals receiving hormone therapy, individuals with genetic syndromes (for example, Klinefelter and Turner syndromes) and people with disorders of sexual development reflect the diversity in sex-based biology. The broad distribution of sex steroid hormone receptors across diverse cell types and the differential expression of X-linked and autosomal genes means that sex is a biological variable that can affect the function of all physiological systems, including the immune system. Sex differences in immune cell function and immune responses to foreign and self antigens affect the development and outcome of diverse diseases and immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon E Dunn
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Women's College Research Institute, Women's College Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Whitney A Perry
- Division of Geographic Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sabra L Klein
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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van de Veerdonk FL. COVID-19 Pneumonia and Cytokine Storm Syndrome. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2024; 1448:307-319. [PMID: 39117824 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-59815-9_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
Virus-associated cytokine storm syndrome (CSS) has been recognized for a long time and the classic viruses associated are the herpes viruses EBV, CMV, and HHV-8 as described in chapters IVa,b. In addition, pandemic viruses such as influenza, SARS, and MERS can result in severe CSS that might ultimately lead to severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and death [1-3]. A new pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 that started in 2019 has defined another chapter in the virus-associated CSS. The clinical spectrum of SARS-CoV-2 infection has many faces. In most people, it will be asymptomatic, but it can also result in severe COVID-19 pneumonia, ARDS, and multiorgan failure depending on age, comorbidities, and immune status [4]. In addition, this pandemic has known many different stages and developed in a unique way in the first 2 years. It started in a setting where there was no immunity to the virus and after a year, highly effective vaccines were introduced and herd immunity built up over time. However, vaccine effectiveness was waning over time depending on multiple factors, and novel variant strains of the virus circulated across different areas in the world. Antiviral therapy was developed and introduced, and treatment changed from giving no immunomodulatory treatment, followed by the introduction of corticosteroids [5], and later the addition of more targeted strategies such as JAK inhibitors [6] and blocking IL-6 signaling [7]. Therefore, the scientific literature published on COVID-19 must be seen in the context of a highly dynamic and rapidly changing pandemic, making it difficult to compare results from early studies to more recent reports even within 2 years. Still, a lot has been learned over a very short period. It has become apparent that severe COVID-19 is predominantly a disease of immune dysregulation with components that can be defined as CSS. It has unique features and overlapping characteristics with other CSSs, and immunological treatment addressing the CSS has been extensively explored, which will be described here.
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Çakan E, Ah Kioon MD, Garcia-Carmona Y, Glauzy S, Oliver D, Yamakawa N, Vega Loza A, Du Y, Schickel JN, Boeckers JM, Yang C, Baldo A, Ivashkiv LB, Young RM, Staudt LM, Moody KL, Nündel K, Marshak-Rothstein A, van der Made CI, Hoischen A, Hayward A, Rossato M, Radstake TR, Cunningham-Rundles C, Ryu C, Herzog EL, Barrat FJ, Meffre E. TLR9 ligand sequestration by chemokine CXCL4 negatively affects central B cell tolerance. J Exp Med 2023; 220:e20230944. [PMID: 37773045 PMCID: PMC10541333 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20230944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Central B cell tolerance is believed to be regulated by B cell receptor signaling induced by the recognition of self-antigens in immature B cells. Using humanized mice with defective MyD88, TLR7, or TLR9 expression, we demonstrate that TLR9/MYD88 are required for central B cell tolerance and the removal of developing autoreactive clones. We also show that CXCL4, a chemokine involved in systemic sclerosis (SSc), abrogates TLR9 function in B cells by sequestering TLR9 ligands away from the endosomal compartments where this receptor resides. The in vivo production of CXCL4 thereby impedes both TLR9 responses in B cells and the establishment of central B cell tolerance. We conclude that TLR9 plays an essential early tolerogenic function required for the establishment of central B cell tolerance and that correcting defective TLR9 function in B cells from SSc patients may represent a novel therapeutic strategy to restore B cell tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elif Çakan
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Marie Dominique Ah Kioon
- HSS Research Institute and David Z. Rosensweig Genomics Research Center, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yolanda Garcia-Carmona
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Salomé Glauzy
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - David Oliver
- HSS Research Institute and David Z. Rosensweig Genomics Research Center, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, USA
| | - Natsuko Yamakawa
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Andrea Vega Loza
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Yong Du
- HSS Research Institute and David Z. Rosensweig Genomics Research Center, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Joshua M. Boeckers
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Chao Yang
- HSS Research Institute and David Z. Rosensweig Genomics Research Center, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alessia Baldo
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Lionel B. Ivashkiv
- HSS Research Institute and David Z. Rosensweig Genomics Research Center, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ryan M. Young
- Lymphoid Malignancies Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Louis M. Staudt
- Lymphoid Malignancies Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Krishna L. Moody
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts School of Medicine, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Kerstin Nündel
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts School of Medicine, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Ann Marshak-Rothstein
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts School of Medicine, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Caspar I. van der Made
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Alexander Hoischen
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Anthony Hayward
- Warren Alper School of Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Marzia Rossato
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Timothy R.D.J. Radstake
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Charlotte Cunningham-Rundles
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine and Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Changwan Ryu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Erica L. Herzog
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Franck J. Barrat
- HSS Research Institute and David Z. Rosensweig Genomics Research Center, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Eric Meffre
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Section of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Clinical Immunology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
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Fritsche LG, Nam K, Du J, Kundu R, Salvatore M, Shi X, Lee S, Burgess S, Mukherjee B. Uncovering associations between pre-existing conditions and COVID-19 Severity: A polygenic risk score approach across three large biobanks. PLoS Genet 2023; 19:e1010907. [PMID: 38113267 PMCID: PMC10763941 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1010907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To overcome the limitations associated with the collection and curation of COVID-19 outcome data in biobanks, this study proposes the use of polygenic risk scores (PRS) as reliable proxies of COVID-19 severity across three large biobanks: the Michigan Genomics Initiative (MGI), UK Biobank (UKB), and NIH All of Us. The goal is to identify associations between pre-existing conditions and COVID-19 severity. METHODS Drawing on a sample of more than 500,000 individuals from the three biobanks, we conducted a phenome-wide association study (PheWAS) to identify associations between a PRS for COVID-19 severity, derived from a genome-wide association study on COVID-19 hospitalization, and clinical pre-existing, pre-pandemic phenotypes. We performed cohort-specific PRS PheWAS and a subsequent fixed-effects meta-analysis. RESULTS The current study uncovered 23 pre-existing conditions significantly associated with the COVID-19 severity PRS in cohort-specific analyses, of which 21 were observed in the UKB cohort and two in the MGI cohort. The meta-analysis yielded 27 significant phenotypes predominantly related to obesity, metabolic disorders, and cardiovascular conditions. After adjusting for body mass index, several clinical phenotypes, such as hypercholesterolemia and gastrointestinal disorders, remained associated with an increased risk of hospitalization following COVID-19 infection. CONCLUSION By employing PRS as a proxy for COVID-19 severity, we corroborated known risk factors and identified novel associations between pre-existing clinical phenotypes and COVID-19 severity. Our study highlights the potential value of using PRS when actual outcome data may be limited or inadequate for robust analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars G. Fritsche
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
- Center for Precision Health Data Science, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Kisung Nam
- Graduate School of Data Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jiacong Du
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
- Center for Precision Health Data Science, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Ritoban Kundu
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
- Center for Precision Health Data Science, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Maxwell Salvatore
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
- Center for Precision Health Data Science, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Xu Shi
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Seunggeun Lee
- Graduate School of Data Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Stephen Burgess
- MRC Biostatistics Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Bhramar Mukherjee
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
- Center for Precision Health Data Science, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
- Michigan Institute for Data Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
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Zhang J, Lee PY, Aksentijevich I, Zhou Q. How to Build a Fire: The Genetics of Autoinflammatory Diseases. Annu Rev Genet 2023; 57:245-274. [PMID: 37562411 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-genet-030123-084224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
Systemic autoinflammatory diseases (SAIDs) are a heterogeneous group of disorders caused by excess activation of the innate immune system in an antigen-independent manner. Starting with the discovery of the causal gene for familial Mediterranean fever, more than 50 monogenic SAIDs have been described. These discoveries, paired with advances in immunology and genomics, have allowed our understanding of these diseases to improve drastically in the last decade. The genetic causes of SAIDs are complex and include both germline and somatic pathogenic variants that affect various inflammatory signaling pathways. We provide an overview of the acquired SAIDs from a genetic perspective and summarize the clinical phenotypes and mechanism(s) of inflammation, aiming to provide a comprehensive understanding of the pathogenesis of autoinflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahui Zhang
- Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Pui Y Lee
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ivona Aksentijevich
- Inflammatory Disease Section, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA;
| | - Qing Zhou
- Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou, China;
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Joly C, Desjardins D, Porcher R, Péré H, Bruneau T, Zhang Q, Bastard P, Cobat A, Resmini L, Lenoir O, Savale L, Lécuroux C, Verstuyft C, Roque-Afonso AM, Veyer D, Baron G, Resche-Rigon M, Ravaud P, Casanova JL, Le Grand R, Hermine O, Tharaux PL, Mariette X. More rapid blood interferon α2 decline in fatal versus surviving COVID-19 patients. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1250214. [PMID: 38077399 PMCID: PMC10703045 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1250214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The clinical outcome of COVID-19 pneumonia is highly variable. Few biological predictive factors have been identified. Genetic and immunological studies suggest that type 1 interferons (IFN) are essential to control SARS-CoV-2 infection. Objective To study the link between change in blood IFN-α2 level and plasma SARS-Cov2 viral load over time and subsequent death in patients with severe and critical COVID-19. Methods One hundred and forty patients from the CORIMUNO-19 cohort hospitalized with severe or critical COVID-19 pneumonia, all requiring oxygen or ventilation, were prospectively studied. Blood IFN-α2 was evaluated using the Single Molecule Array technology. Anti-IFN-α2 auto-Abs were determined with a reporter luciferase activity. Plasma SARS-Cov2 viral load was measured using droplet digital PCR targeting the Nucleocapsid gene of the SARS-CoV-2 positive-strand RNA genome. Results Although the percentage of plasmacytoid dendritic cells was low, the blood IFN-α2 level was higher in patients than in healthy controls and was correlated to SARS-CoV-2 plasma viral load at entry. Neutralizing anti-IFN-α2 auto-antibodies were detected in 5% of patients, associated with a lower baseline level of blood IFN-α2. A longitudinal analysis found that a more rapid decline of blood IFN-α2 was observed in fatal versus surviving patients: mortality HR=3.15 (95% CI 1.14-8.66) in rapid versus slow decliners. Likewise, a high level of plasma SARS-CoV-2 RNA was associated with death risk in patients with severe COVID-19. Conclusion These findings could suggest an interest in evaluating type 1 IFN treatment in patients with severe COVID-19 and type 1 IFN decline, eventually combined with anti-inflammatory drugs. Clinical trial registration https://clinicaltrials.gov, identifiers NCT04324073, NCT04331808, NCT04341584.
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Affiliation(s)
- Candie Joly
- Université Paris-Saclay, INSERM, CEA, Center for Immunology of Viral, Auto-immune, Hematological and Bacterial diseases (IMVA-HB/IDMIT), UMR1184, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
| | - Delphine Desjardins
- Université Paris-Saclay, INSERM, CEA, Center for Immunology of Viral, Auto-immune, Hematological and Bacterial diseases (IMVA-HB/IDMIT), UMR1184, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
| | - Raphael Porcher
- Université de Paris, Center of Research in Epidemiology and Statistics (CRESS), INSERM, INRAE, AP-HP, Hôpital Hôtel-Dieu, Paris, France
| | - Hélène Péré
- Sorbonne Université and Université de Paris, INSERM, Functional Genomics of Solid Tumors (FunGeST), Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
| | - Thomas Bruneau
- Service de Microbiologie (Unité de virologie), Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris-Centre (AP-HP-Centre), Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France
| | - Qian Zhang
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM U1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France
- University of Paris, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Paul Bastard
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM U1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France
- University of Paris, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Aurélie Cobat
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM U1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France
- University of Paris, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Léa Resmini
- Université de Paris, INSERM, Paris Cardiovascular Center (PARCC), Paris, France
| | - Olivia Lenoir
- Université de Paris, INSERM, Paris Cardiovascular Center (PARCC), Paris, France
| | - Laurent Savale
- Université Paris-Saclay, Faculté de Médecine, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
- AP-HP, Centre de Référence de l’Hypertension Pulmonaire, Service de Pneumologie et Soins Intensifs Respiratoires, Hôpital Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, INSERM UMR999, Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, Le Plessis Robinson, France
| | - Camille Lécuroux
- Université Paris-Saclay, INSERM, CEA, Center for Immunology of Viral, Auto-immune, Hematological and Bacterial diseases (IMVA-HB/IDMIT), UMR1184, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
| | - Céline Verstuyft
- Université Paris-Saclay, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Bicêtre, Centre de Ressource Biologique Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
| | - Anne-Marie Roque-Afonso
- Université Paris-Saclay, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Bicêtre, Centre de Ressource Biologique Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Paul Brousse, Laboratoire de Virologie, Villejuif, France
| | - David Veyer
- Sorbonne Université and Université de Paris, INSERM, Functional Genomics of Solid Tumors (FunGeST), Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
- Service de Microbiologie (Unité de virologie), Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris-Centre (AP-HP-Centre), Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France
| | - Gabriel Baron
- Université de Paris, Center of Research in Epidemiology and Statistics (CRESS), INSERM, INRAE, AP-HP, Hôpital Hôtel-Dieu, Paris, France
| | - Matthieu Resche-Rigon
- Centre of Research in Epidemiology and Statistics (CRESS), Université de Paris, INSERM, Hôpital Saint Louis, Paris, France
| | - Philippe Ravaud
- Université de Paris, Center of Research in Epidemiology and Statistics (CRESS), INSERM, INRAE, AP-HP, Hôpital Hôtel-Dieu, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Laurent Casanova
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM U1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France
- University of Paris, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, United States
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, New York, NY, United States
| | - Roger Le Grand
- Université Paris-Saclay, INSERM, CEA, Center for Immunology of Viral, Auto-immune, Hematological and Bacterial diseases (IMVA-HB/IDMIT), UMR1184, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
| | - Olivier Hermine
- Université de Paris, Institut Imagine, INSERM UMR1183, Paris, France
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Necker, Département d’Hématologie, Paris, France
| | | | - Xavier Mariette
- Université Paris-Saclay, INSERM, CEA, Center for Immunology of Viral, Auto-immune, Hematological and Bacterial diseases (IMVA-HB/IDMIT), UMR1184, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Bicêtre, Service de Rhumatologie, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
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Badla BA, Hanifa MS, Jain R, Naofal ME, Halabi N, Yaslam S, Ramaswamy S, Taylor A, Alfalasi R, Shenbagam S, Khansaheb H, Al Suwaidi H, Nowotny N, Popatia R, Al Khayat A, Alsheikh-Ali A, Loney T, AlDabal LM, Abou Tayoun A. Genetic determinants of severe COVID-19 in young Asian and Middle Eastern patients: a case series. Sci Rep 2023; 13:20294. [PMID: 37985737 PMCID: PMC10661561 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-47718-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Studies of genetic factors associated with severe COVID-19 in young adults have been limited in non-Caucasian populations. Here, we clinically characterize a case series of patients with COVID-19, who were otherwise healthy, young adults (N = 55; mean age 34.1 ± SD 5.0 years) from 16 Asian, Middle Eastern, and North African countries. Using whole exome sequencing, we identify rare, likely deleterious variants affecting 16 immune-related genes in 17 out of 55 patients (31%), including 7 patients (41% of all carriers or 12.7% of all patients) who harbored multiple such variants mainly in interferon and toll-like receptor genes. Protein network analysis as well as transcriptomic analysis of nasopharyngeal swabs from an independent COVID-19 cohort (N = 50; 42% Asians and 22% Arabs) revealed that most of the altered genes, as identified by whole exome sequencing, and the associated molecular pathways were significantly altered in COVID-19 patients. Genetic variants tended to be associated with mortality, intensive care admission, and ventilation support. Our clinical cases series, genomic and transcriptomic findings suggest a possible role for interferon pathway genes in severe COVID-19 and highlight the importance of extending genetic studies to diverse populations to better understand the human genetics of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beshr Abdulaziz Badla
- College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai Health, Dubai, UAE
| | - Mohamed Samer Hanifa
- College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai Health, Dubai, UAE
| | - Ruchi Jain
- Al Jalila Genomics Center of Excellence, Al Jalila Children's Specialty Hospital, Dubai Health, Dubai, UAE
| | - Maha El Naofal
- Al Jalila Genomics Center of Excellence, Al Jalila Children's Specialty Hospital, Dubai Health, Dubai, UAE
| | - Nour Halabi
- Al Jalila Genomics Center of Excellence, Al Jalila Children's Specialty Hospital, Dubai Health, Dubai, UAE
| | - Sawsan Yaslam
- Al Jalila Genomics Center of Excellence, Al Jalila Children's Specialty Hospital, Dubai Health, Dubai, UAE
| | - Sathishkumar Ramaswamy
- Al Jalila Genomics Center of Excellence, Al Jalila Children's Specialty Hospital, Dubai Health, Dubai, UAE
| | - Alan Taylor
- Al Jalila Genomics Center of Excellence, Al Jalila Children's Specialty Hospital, Dubai Health, Dubai, UAE
| | - Roudha Alfalasi
- Al Jalila Genomics Center of Excellence, Al Jalila Children's Specialty Hospital, Dubai Health, Dubai, UAE
| | - Shruti Shenbagam
- Al Jalila Genomics Center of Excellence, Al Jalila Children's Specialty Hospital, Dubai Health, Dubai, UAE
| | - Hamda Khansaheb
- Medical Education and Research Department, Dubai Health, Dubai, UAE
| | - Hanan Al Suwaidi
- College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai Health, Dubai, UAE
| | - Norbert Nowotny
- College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai Health, Dubai, UAE
- Institute of Virology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Rizwana Popatia
- College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai Health, Dubai, UAE
| | | | - Alawi Alsheikh-Ali
- College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai Health, Dubai, UAE
- Dubai Health, Dubai, UAE
| | - Tom Loney
- College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai Health, Dubai, UAE
| | | | - Ahmad Abou Tayoun
- Al Jalila Genomics Center of Excellence, Al Jalila Children's Specialty Hospital, Dubai Health, Dubai, UAE.
- Center for Genomic Discovery, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai Health, Dubai, UAE.
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40
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Gu J, Zhang J, Liu Q, Xu S. Neurological risks of COVID-19 in women: the complex immunology underpinning sex differences. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1281310. [PMID: 38035090 PMCID: PMC10685449 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1281310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has uncovered many mysteries about SARS-CoV-2, including its potential to trigger abnormal autoimmune responses. Emerging evidence suggests women may face higher risks from COVID-induced autoimmunity manifesting as persistent neurological symptoms. Elucidating the mechanisms underlying this female susceptibility is now imperative. We synthesize key insights from existing studies on how COVID-19 infection can lead to immune tolerance loss, enabling autoreactive antibodies and lymphocyte production. These antibodies and lymphocytes infiltrate the central nervous system. Female sex hormones like estrogen and X-chromosome mediated effects likely contribute to dysregulated humoral immunity and cytokine profiles among women, increasing their predisposition. COVID-19 may also disrupt the delicate immunological balance of the female microbiome. These perturbations precipitate damage to neural damage through mechanisms like demyelination, neuroinflammation, and neurodegeneration - consistent with the observed neurological sequelae in women. An intentional focus on elucidating sex differences in COVID-19 pathogenesis is now needed to inform prognosis assessments and tailored interventions for female patients. From clinical monitoring to evaluating emerging immunomodulatory therapies, a nuanced women-centered approach considering the hormonal status and immunobiology will be vital to ensure equitable outcomes. Overall, deeper insights into the apparent female specificity of COVID-induced autoimmunity will accelerate the development of solutions mitigating associated neurological harm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jienan Gu
- Institute of Basic Theory for Chinese Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jiale Zhang
- Institute of Basic Theory for Chinese Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qianhui Liu
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shijie Xu
- Institute of Basic Theory for Chinese Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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41
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Corpas M, de Mendoza C, Moreno-Torres V, Pintos I, Seoane P, Perkins JR, Ranea JA, Fatumo S, Korcsmaros T, Martín-Villa JM, Barreiro P, Corral O, Soriano V. Genetic signature detected in T cell receptors from patients with severe COVID-19. iScience 2023; 26:107735. [PMID: 37720084 PMCID: PMC10504482 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Characterization of host genetic factors contributing to COVID-19 severity promises advances on drug discovery to fight the disease. Most genetic analyses to date have identified genome-wide significant associations involving loss-of-function variants for immune response pathways. Despite accumulating evidence supporting a role for T cells in COVID-19 severity, no definitive genetic markers have been found to support an involvement of T cell responses. We analyzed 205 whole exomes from both a well-characterized cohort of hospitalized severe COVID-19 patients and controls. Significantly enriched high impact alleles were found for 25 variants within the T cell receptor beta (TRB) locus on chromosome 7. Although most of these alleles were found in heterozygosis, at least three or more in TRBV6-5, TRBV7-3, TRBV7-6, TRBV7-7, and TRBV10-1 suggested a possible TRB loss of function via compound heterozygosis. This loss-of-function in TRB genes supports suboptimal or dysfunctional T cell responses as a major contributor to severe COVID-19 pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Corpas
- School of Life Sciences, University of Westminster, London, UK
- Cambridge Precision Medicine Limited, ideaSpace, University of Cambridge Biomedical Innovation Hub, Cambridge, UK
- UNIR Health Sciences School & Medical Center, Madrid, Spain
- Institute of Continuing Education, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Carmen de Mendoza
- Puerta de Hierro University Hospital & Research Institute, Majadahonda, Spain
| | - Víctor Moreno-Torres
- UNIR Health Sciences School & Medical Center, Madrid, Spain
- Puerta de Hierro University Hospital & Research Institute, Majadahonda, Spain
| | - Ilduara Pintos
- Puerta de Hierro University Hospital & Research Institute, Majadahonda, Spain
| | - Pedro Seoane
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of Málaga, Málaga, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - James R. Perkins
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of Málaga, Málaga, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- The Biomedical Research Institute of Málaga (IBIMA), Málaga, Spain
| | - Juan A.G. Ranea
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of Málaga, Málaga, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- The Biomedical Research Institute of Málaga (IBIMA), Málaga, Spain
- Spanish National Bioinformatics Institute (INB/ELIXIR-ES), Madrid, Spain
| | - Segun Fatumo
- The African Computational Genomics (TACG) Research Group, MRC/UVRI and LSHTM, Entebbe, Uganda
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
- H3Africa Bioinformatics Network (H3ABioNet) Node, Centre for Genomics Research and Innovation, NABDA/FMST, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Tamas Korcsmaros
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | | | - Pablo Barreiro
- UNIR Health Sciences School & Medical Center, Madrid, Spain
- Emergency Hospital Isabel Zendal, Madrid, Spain
| | - Octavio Corral
- UNIR Health Sciences School & Medical Center, Madrid, Spain
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42
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Chen X, Xie M, Zhang S, Monguió-Tortajada M, Yin J, Liu C, Zhang Y, Delacrétaz M, Song M, Wang Y, Dong L, Ding Q, Zhou B, Tian X, Deng H, Xu L, Liu X, Yang Z, Chang Q, Na J, Zeng W, Superti-Furga G, Rebsamen M, Yang M. Structural basis for recruitment of TASL by SLC15A4 in human endolysosomal TLR signaling. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6627. [PMID: 37863913 PMCID: PMC10589346 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42210-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are a class of proteins that play critical roles in recognizing pathogens and initiating innate immune responses. TASL, a recently identified innate immune adaptor protein for endolysosomal TLR7/8/9 signaling, is recruited by the lysosomal proton-coupled amino-acid transporter SLC15A4, and then activates IRF5, which in turn triggers the transcription of type I interferons and cytokines. Here, we report three cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) structures of human SLC15A4 in the apo monomeric and dimeric state and as a TASL-bound complex. The apo forms are in an outward-facing conformation, with the dimeric form showing an extensive interface involving four cholesterol molecules. The structure of the TASL-bound complex reveals an unprecedented interaction mode with solute carriers. During the recruitment of TASL, SLC15A4 undergoes a conformational change from an outward-facing, lysosomal lumen-exposed state to an inward-facing state to form a binding pocket, allowing the N-terminal helix of TASL to be inserted into. Our findings provide insights into the molecular basis of regulatory switch involving a human solute carrier and offers an important framework for structure-guided drug discovery targeting SLC15A4-TASL-related human autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xudong Chen
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Protein Science, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China
| | - Min Xie
- School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China
| | - Sensen Zhang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Protein Science, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China
| | | | - Jian Yin
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Protein Science, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China
| | - Chang Liu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Protein Science, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China
- Beijing Life Science Academy, 102209, Beijing, China
| | - Youqi Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Nephrology Institute of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, National Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Research, 100853, Beijing, China
| | - Maeva Delacrétaz
- Department of Immunobiology, University of Lausanne, 1066, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Mingyue Song
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Protein Science, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China
| | - Yixue Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Protein Science, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Dong
- Center for Infectious Disease Research, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China
| | - Qiang Ding
- Center for Infectious Disease Research, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China
| | - Boda Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, 102218, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaolin Tian
- MOE Key laboratory of Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China
| | - Haiteng Deng
- MOE Key laboratory of Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China
| | - Lina Xu
- Metabolomics and Lipidomics Center at Tsinghua-National Protein Science Facility, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaohui Liu
- Metabolomics and Lipidomics Center at Tsinghua-National Protein Science Facility, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China
| | - Zi Yang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, Technology for Protein Research, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China
| | - Qing Chang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, Technology for Protein Research, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Na
- School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China
| | - Wenwen Zeng
- School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China
| | - Giulio Superti-Furga
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
- Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Manuele Rebsamen
- Department of Immunobiology, University of Lausanne, 1066, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Maojun Yang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Protein Science, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China.
- Cryo-EM Facility Center, Southern University of Science & Technology, 518055, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
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43
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Miquel CH, Abbas F, Cenac C, Foret-Lucas C, Guo C, Ducatez M, Joly E, Hou B, Guéry JC. B cell-intrinsic TLR7 signaling is required for neutralizing antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 and pathogen-like COVID-19 vaccines. Eur J Immunol 2023; 53:e2350437. [PMID: 37438976 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202350437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7) triggers antiviral immune responses through its capacity to recognize single-stranded RNA. TLR7 loss-of-function mutants are associated with life-threatening pneumonia in severe COVID-19 patients. Whereas TLR7-driven innate induction of type I IFN appears central to control SARS-CoV2 virus spreading during the first days of infection, the impact of TLR7-deficiency on adaptive B-cell immunity is less clear. In the present study, we examined the role of TLR7 in the adaptive B cells response to various pathogen-like antigens (PLAs). We used inactivated SARS-CoV2 and a PLA-based COVID-19 vaccine candidate designed to mimic SARS-CoV2 with encapsulated bacterial ssRNA as TLR7 ligands and conjugated with the RBD of the SARS-CoV2 Spike protein. Upon repeated immunization with inactivated SARS-CoV2 or PLA COVID-19 vaccine, we show that Tlr7-deficiency abolished the germinal center (GC)-dependent production of RBD-specific class-switched IgG2b and IgG2c, and neutralizing antibodies to SARS-CoV2. We also provide evidence for a non-redundant role for B-cell-intrinsic TLR7 in the promotion of RBD-specific IgG2b/IgG2c and memory B cells. Together, these data demonstrate that the GC reaction and class-switch recombination to the Myd88-dependent IgG2b/IgG2c in response to SARS-CoV2 or PLAs is strictly dependent on cell-intrinsic activation of TLR7 in B cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles-Henry Miquel
- Institut Toulousain des Maladies Infectieuses et Inflammatoires (INFINITY), Université de Toulouse, INSERM, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
- Arthritis R&D, Neuilly-Sur-Seine, France
| | - Flora Abbas
- Institut Toulousain des Maladies Infectieuses et Inflammatoires (INFINITY), Université de Toulouse, INSERM, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Claire Cenac
- Institut Toulousain des Maladies Infectieuses et Inflammatoires (INFINITY), Université de Toulouse, INSERM, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Charlotte Foret-Lucas
- Interactions Hôtes Agents Pathogènes (IHAP), UMR1225, Université de Toulouse, INRAe, ENVT, Toulouse, France
| | - Chang Guo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Mariette Ducatez
- Interactions Hôtes Agents Pathogènes (IHAP), UMR1225, Université de Toulouse, INRAe, ENVT, Toulouse, France
| | - Etienne Joly
- Institute of Pharmacology and Structural Biology (IPBS), University of Toulouse, CNRS, Toulouse, France
| | - Baidong Hou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jean-Charles Guéry
- Institut Toulousain des Maladies Infectieuses et Inflammatoires (INFINITY), Université de Toulouse, INSERM, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
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44
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Beam TA, Klepser DG, Klepser ME, Bright DR, Klepser N, Schuring H, Wheeler S, Langerveld A. COVID-19 host genetic risk study conducted at community pharmacies: Implications for public health, research and pharmacists' scope of practice. Res Social Adm Pharm 2023; 19:1360-1364. [PMID: 37567834 PMCID: PMC10264161 DOI: 10.1016/j.sapharm.2023.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
Community pharmacists serve a large, diverse population of patients, resulting in the potential to utilize community pharmacies as recruitment sites for clinical research. Beyond traditional roles as one of the most accessible health care professionals in the US healthcare system, pharmacists have played a major role in the response to the COVID-19 pandemic, administering hundreds of thousands of vaccines and tests. However, less emphasis is placed on the ability to leverage community pharmacies as research-focused partners for clinical studies. In this study, we demonstrate the feasibility and workflow of recruiting study participants from community pharmacies and confirm genetic markers of COVID-19 susceptibility. Specific genetic markers include those associated with COVID-19 infection risk (ACE2, TMEM27, and RAVER1), difficulty breathing (NOTCH4), and hospitalization (OAS3). In addition, collaboration with a clinical laboratory allowed for a more seamless consenting process without substantial training needs or workflow disruption at the community pharmacy site. The COVID-19 pandemic has demonstrated that the expansion of pharmacists' scope of practice is a key factor in managing the population health crisis; this study demonstrates that pharmacies can also advance clinical research studies by serving as sites for patient recruitment from a large, diverse, and ambulatory study population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa A Beam
- Manchester University College of Pharmacy, Natural and Health Sciences 10627 Diebold Road, Fort Wayne, IN, 46845, USA.
| | - Donald G Klepser
- University of Nebraska Medical Center, 986120, Omaha, NE, 68198-6120, USA.
| | - Michael E Klepser
- Ferris State University College of Pharmacy, 1000 Oakland Drive, Kalamazoo, MI, 49008, USA.
| | - David R Bright
- Ferris State University College of Pharmacy, 220 Ferris Dr, Big Rapids, MI, 49307, USA.
| | - Nicklas Klepser
- Genemarkers, 126 East South Street, Kalamazoo, MI, 49007, USA; 15811 Louis Dr, Omaha, NE, 68118, USA.
| | - Hannah Schuring
- Genemarkers, 126 East South Street, Kalamazoo, MI, 49007, USA.
| | | | - Anna Langerveld
- Genemarkers, 126 East South Street, Kalamazoo, MI, 49007, USA.
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45
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Martínez-Gómez LE, Martinez-Armenta C, Medina-Luna D, Ordoñez-Sánchez ML, Tusie-Luna T, Ortega-Peña S, Herrera-López B, Suarez-Ahedo C, Jimenez-Gutierrez GE, Hidalgo-Bravo A, Vázquez-Cárdenas P, Vidal-Vázquez RP, Ramírez-Hinojosa JP, Martinez Matsumoto PM, Vargas-Alarcón G, Posadas-Sánchez R, Fragoso JM, Martínez-Ruiz FDJ, Zayago-Angeles DM, Mata-Miranda MM, Vázquez-Zapién GJ, Martínez-Cuazitl A, Andrade-Alvarado J, Granados J, Ramos-Tavera L, Camacho-Rea MDC, Segura-Kato Y, Rodríguez-Pérez JM, Coronado-Zarco R, Franco-Cendejas R, López-Jácome LE, Magaña JJ, Vela-Amieva M, Pineda C, Martínez-Nava GA, López-Reyes A. Implication of myddosome complex genetic variants in outcome severity of COVID-19 patients. JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY, IMMUNOLOGY, AND INFECTION = WEI MIAN YU GAN RAN ZA ZHI 2023; 56:939-950. [PMID: 37365052 PMCID: PMC10273757 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmii.2023.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE(S) During a viral infection, the immune response is mediated by the toll-like receptors and myeloid differentiation Factor 88 (MyD88) that play an important role sensing infections such as SARS-CoV-2 which has claimed the lives of more than 6.8 million people around the world. METHODS We carried out a cross-sectional with a population of 618 SARS-CoV-2-positive unvaccinated subjects and further classified based on severity: 22% were mild, 34% were severe, 26% were critical, and 18% were deceased. Toll Like Receptor 7 (TLR7) single-nucleotide polymorphisms (rs3853839, rs179008, rs179009, and rs2302267) and MyD88 (rs7744) were genotyped using TaqMan OpenArray. The association of polymorphisms with disease outcomes was performed by logistic regression analysis adjusted by covariates. RESULTS A significant association of rs3853839 and rs7744 of the TLR7 and MyD88 genes, respectively, was found with COVID-19 severity. The G/G genotype of the rs3853839 TLR7 was associated with the critical outcome showing an Odd Ratio = 1.98 (95% IC = 1.04-3.77). The results highlighted an association of the G allele of MyD88 gene with severe, critical and deceased outcomes. Furthermore, in the dominant model (AG + GG vs. AA), we observed an Odd Ratio = 1.70 (95% CI = 1.02-2.86) with severe, Odd Ratio = 1.82 (95% CI = 1.04-3.21) with critical, and Odd Ratio = 2.44 (95% CI = 1.21-4.9) with deceased outcomes. CONCLUSION To our knowledge this work represents an innovative report that highlights the significant association of TLR7 and MyD88 gene polymorphisms with COVID-19 outcomes and the possible implication of the MyD88 variant with D-dimer and IFN-α concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura E Martínez-Gómez
- Laboratorio de Gerociencias, Dirección General, Medicina de Rehabilitación, Laboratorio de Infectología, Departamento de Reconstrucción Articular, Laboratorio de Medicina Genómica, Laboratorio Facilitador. Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra, Secretaría de Salud, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
| | - Carlos Martinez-Armenta
- Graduate Program in Experimental Biology, Dirección de Ciencias Biológicas y de la Salud (DCBS), Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Iztapalapa, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
| | - Daniel Medina-Luna
- Microbiology & Immunology Department, Dalhousie University, Halifax, B3H4R2, Nova Scotia, Canada.
| | - María Luisa Ordoñez-Sánchez
- Unidad de Biología Molecular y Medicina Genómica, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico.
| | - Tere Tusie-Luna
- Unidad de Biología Molecular y Medicina Genómica, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico; Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico.
| | - Silvestre Ortega-Peña
- Laboratorio de Gerociencias, Dirección General, Medicina de Rehabilitación, Laboratorio de Infectología, Departamento de Reconstrucción Articular, Laboratorio de Medicina Genómica, Laboratorio Facilitador. Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra, Secretaría de Salud, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
| | - Brígida Herrera-López
- Laboratorio de Gerociencias, Dirección General, Medicina de Rehabilitación, Laboratorio de Infectología, Departamento de Reconstrucción Articular, Laboratorio de Medicina Genómica, Laboratorio Facilitador. Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra, Secretaría de Salud, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
| | - Carlos Suarez-Ahedo
- Laboratorio de Gerociencias, Dirección General, Medicina de Rehabilitación, Laboratorio de Infectología, Departamento de Reconstrucción Articular, Laboratorio de Medicina Genómica, Laboratorio Facilitador. Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra, Secretaría de Salud, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
| | - Guadalupe Elizabeth Jimenez-Gutierrez
- Laboratorio de Gerociencias, Dirección General, Medicina de Rehabilitación, Laboratorio de Infectología, Departamento de Reconstrucción Articular, Laboratorio de Medicina Genómica, Laboratorio Facilitador. Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra, Secretaría de Salud, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
| | - Alberto Hidalgo-Bravo
- Laboratorio de Gerociencias, Dirección General, Medicina de Rehabilitación, Laboratorio de Infectología, Departamento de Reconstrucción Articular, Laboratorio de Medicina Genómica, Laboratorio Facilitador. Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra, Secretaría de Salud, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
| | - Paola Vázquez-Cárdenas
- Centro de Innovación Médica Aplicada, Hospital General Dr. Manuel Gea González, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
| | - Rosa P Vidal-Vázquez
- Centro de Innovación Médica Aplicada, Hospital General Dr. Manuel Gea González, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
| | - Juan P Ramírez-Hinojosa
- Centro de Innovación Médica Aplicada, Hospital General Dr. Manuel Gea González, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
| | | | - Gilberto Vargas-Alarcón
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Endocrinología, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
| | - Rosalinda Posadas-Sánchez
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Endocrinología, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
| | - José-Manuel Fragoso
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Endocrinología, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
| | | | | | - Mónica Maribel Mata-Miranda
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular y Tisular, Laboratorio de Embriología, Escuela Médico Militar, Universidad del Ejército y Fuerza Aérea, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
| | - Gustavo Jesús Vázquez-Zapién
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular y Tisular, Laboratorio de Embriología, Escuela Médico Militar, Universidad del Ejército y Fuerza Aérea, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
| | - Adriana Martínez-Cuazitl
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular y Tisular, Laboratorio de Embriología, Escuela Médico Militar, Universidad del Ejército y Fuerza Aérea, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
| | - Javier Andrade-Alvarado
- Servicio de Cirugía General, Hospital Central Norte Petróleos Mexicanos (PEMEX), Estado de México, Mexico.
| | - Julio Granados
- Departamento de Inmunogenética, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Secretaría de Salud, Mexico City, Mexico.
| | - Luis Ramos-Tavera
- Departamento de Inmunogenética, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Secretaría de Salud, Mexico City, Mexico.
| | - María Del Carmen Camacho-Rea
- Departamento de Nutrición Animal, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Secretaría de Salud, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Yayoi Segura-Kato
- Unidad de Biología Molecular y Medicina Genómica, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico.
| | - José Manuel Rodríguez-Pérez
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Endocrinología, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
| | - Roberto Coronado-Zarco
- Laboratorio de Gerociencias, Dirección General, Medicina de Rehabilitación, Laboratorio de Infectología, Departamento de Reconstrucción Articular, Laboratorio de Medicina Genómica, Laboratorio Facilitador. Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra, Secretaría de Salud, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
| | - Rafael Franco-Cendejas
- Laboratorio de Gerociencias, Dirección General, Medicina de Rehabilitación, Laboratorio de Infectología, Departamento de Reconstrucción Articular, Laboratorio de Medicina Genómica, Laboratorio Facilitador. Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra, Secretaría de Salud, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
| | - Luis Esau López-Jácome
- Laboratorio de Gerociencias, Dirección General, Medicina de Rehabilitación, Laboratorio de Infectología, Departamento de Reconstrucción Articular, Laboratorio de Medicina Genómica, Laboratorio Facilitador. Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra, Secretaría de Salud, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
| | - Jonathan J Magaña
- Laboratorio de Gerociencias, Dirección General, Medicina de Rehabilitación, Laboratorio de Infectología, Departamento de Reconstrucción Articular, Laboratorio de Medicina Genómica, Laboratorio Facilitador. Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra, Secretaría de Salud, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
| | - Marcela Vela-Amieva
- Laboratorio de Errores Innatos del Metabolismo y Tamiz, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Secretaria de Salud, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
| | - Carlos Pineda
- Laboratorio de Gerociencias, Dirección General, Medicina de Rehabilitación, Laboratorio de Infectología, Departamento de Reconstrucción Articular, Laboratorio de Medicina Genómica, Laboratorio Facilitador. Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra, Secretaría de Salud, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
| | - Gabriela Angélica Martínez-Nava
- Laboratorio de Gerociencias, Dirección General, Medicina de Rehabilitación, Laboratorio de Infectología, Departamento de Reconstrucción Articular, Laboratorio de Medicina Genómica, Laboratorio Facilitador. Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra, Secretaría de Salud, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
| | - Alberto López-Reyes
- Laboratorio de Gerociencias, Dirección General, Medicina de Rehabilitación, Laboratorio de Infectología, Departamento de Reconstrucción Articular, Laboratorio de Medicina Genómica, Laboratorio Facilitador. Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra, Secretaría de Salud, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
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Youness A, Cenac C, Faz-López B, Grunenwald S, Barrat FJ, Chaumeil J, Mejía JE, Guéry JC. TLR8 escapes X chromosome inactivation in human monocytes and CD4 + T cells. Biol Sex Differ 2023; 14:60. [PMID: 37723501 PMCID: PMC10506212 DOI: 10.1186/s13293-023-00544-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human endosomal Toll-like receptors TLR7 and TLR8 recognize self and non-self RNA ligands, and are important mediators of innate immunity and autoimmune pathogenesis. TLR7 and TLR8 are, respectively, encoded by adjacent X-linked genes. We previously established that TLR7 evades X chromosome inactivation (XCI) in female immune cells. Whether TLR8 also evades XCI, however, has not yet been explored. METHOD In the current study, we used RNA fluorescence in situ hybridization (RNA FISH) to directly visualize, on a single-cell basis, primary transcripts of TLR7 and TLR8 relative to X chromosome territories in CD14+ monocytes and CD4+ T lymphocytes from women, Klinefelter syndrome (KS) men, and euploid men. To assign X chromosome territories in cells lacking robust expression of a XIST compartment, we designed probes specific for X-linked genes that do not escape XCI and therefore robustly label the active X chromosome. We also assessed whether XCI escape of TLR8 was associated with sexual dimorphism in TLR8 protein expression by western blot and flow cytometry. RESULTS Using RNA FISH, we show that TLR8, like TLR7, evades XCI in immune cells, and that cells harboring simultaneously TLR7 and TLR8 transcript foci are more frequent in women and KS men than in euploid men, resulting in a sevenfold difference in frequency. This transcriptional bias was again observable when comparing the single X of XY males with the active X of cells from females or KS males. Interestingly, TLR8 protein expression was significantly higher in female mononuclear blood cells, including all monocyte subsets, than in male cells. CONCLUSIONS TLR8, mirroring TLR7, escapes XCI in human monocytes and CD4+ T cells. Co-dependent transcription from the active X chromosome and escape from XCI could both contribute to higher TLR8 protein abundance in female cells, which may have implications for the response to viruses and bacteria, and the risk of developing inflammatory and autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Youness
- Institut Toulousain des Maladies Infectieuses et Inflammatoires (INFINITY), UMR 1291 INSERM, CNRS, Hôpital Purpan, Université de Toulouse, 31024 Toulouse, France
| | - Claire Cenac
- Institut Toulousain des Maladies Infectieuses et Inflammatoires (INFINITY), UMR 1291 INSERM, CNRS, Hôpital Purpan, Université de Toulouse, 31024 Toulouse, France
| | - Berenice Faz-López
- Institut Toulousain des Maladies Infectieuses et Inflammatoires (INFINITY), UMR 1291 INSERM, CNRS, Hôpital Purpan, Université de Toulouse, 31024 Toulouse, France
| | - Solange Grunenwald
- Service d’Endocrinologie, Maladies Métaboliques et Nutrition, Hôpital Larrey, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Toulouse, 31059 Toulouse, France
| | - Franck J. Barrat
- Hospital for Special Surgery, HSS Research Institute and David Z. Rosensweig Genomics Research Center, New York, NY 10021 USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY 10021 USA
| | - Julie Chaumeil
- INSERM, CNRS, Université Paris Cité, Institut Cochin, 75014 Paris, France
| | - José Enrique Mejía
- Institut Toulousain des Maladies Infectieuses et Inflammatoires (INFINITY), UMR 1291 INSERM, CNRS, Hôpital Purpan, Université de Toulouse, 31024 Toulouse, France
| | - Jean-Charles Guéry
- Institut Toulousain des Maladies Infectieuses et Inflammatoires (INFINITY), UMR 1291 INSERM, CNRS, Hôpital Purpan, Université de Toulouse, 31024 Toulouse, France
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Martínez-Pomar N, Cunill V, Segura-Guerrero M, Pol-Pol E, Escobar Oblitas D, Pons J, Ayestarán I, Pruneda PC, Losada I, Toledo-Pons N, García Gasalla M, Ferrer Balaguer JM. Hyperinflammatory Immune Response in COVID-19: Host Genetic Factors in Pyrin Inflammasome and Immunity to Virus in a Spanish Population from Majorca Island. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2548. [PMID: 37760989 PMCID: PMC10525993 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11092548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The hyperinflammatory response caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection contributes to its severity, and many critically ill patients show features of cytokine storm (CS) syndrome. We investigated, by next-generation sequencing, 24 causative genes of primary immunodeficiencies whose defect predisposes to CS. We studied two cohorts with extreme phenotypes of SARS-CoV-2 infection: critical/severe hyperinflammatory patients (H-P) and asymptomatic patients (AM-risk-P) with a high risk (older age) to severe COVID-19. To explore inborn errors of the immunity, we investigated the presence of pathogenic or rare variants, and to identify COVID-19 severity-associated markers, we compared the allele frequencies of common genetic polymorphisms between our two cohorts. We found: 1 H-P carries the likely pathogenic variant c.887-2 A>C in the IRF7 gene and 5 H-P carries variants in the MEFV gene, whose role in the pathogenicity of the familial Mediterranean fever (FMF) disease is controversial. The common polymorphism analysis showed three potential risk biomarkers for developing the hyperinflammatory response: the homozygous haplotype rs1231123A/A-rs1231122A/A in MEFV gene, the IFNAR2 p.Phe8Ser variant, and the CARMIL2 p.Val181Met variant. The combined analysis showed an increased risk of developing severe COVID-19 in patients that had at least one of our genetic risk markers (odds ratio (OR) = 6.2 (95% CI) (2.430-16.20)).
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Martínez-Pomar
- Immunology Department, Hospital Universitari Son Espases, 07120 Palma de Mallorca, Spain; (V.C.); (M.S.-G.); (J.M.F.B.)
- Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), 07120 Palma de Mallorca, Spain (I.L.); (N.T.-P.)
| | - Vanesa Cunill
- Immunology Department, Hospital Universitari Son Espases, 07120 Palma de Mallorca, Spain; (V.C.); (M.S.-G.); (J.M.F.B.)
- Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), 07120 Palma de Mallorca, Spain (I.L.); (N.T.-P.)
| | - Marina Segura-Guerrero
- Immunology Department, Hospital Universitari Son Espases, 07120 Palma de Mallorca, Spain; (V.C.); (M.S.-G.); (J.M.F.B.)
- Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), 07120 Palma de Mallorca, Spain (I.L.); (N.T.-P.)
| | - Elisabet Pol-Pol
- Immunology Department, Hospital Universitari Son Espases, 07120 Palma de Mallorca, Spain; (V.C.); (M.S.-G.); (J.M.F.B.)
- Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), 07120 Palma de Mallorca, Spain (I.L.); (N.T.-P.)
| | - Danilo Escobar Oblitas
- Immunology Department, Hospital Universitari Son Espases, 07120 Palma de Mallorca, Spain; (V.C.); (M.S.-G.); (J.M.F.B.)
- Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), 07120 Palma de Mallorca, Spain (I.L.); (N.T.-P.)
| | - Jaime Pons
- Immunology Department, Hospital Universitari Son Espases, 07120 Palma de Mallorca, Spain; (V.C.); (M.S.-G.); (J.M.F.B.)
- Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), 07120 Palma de Mallorca, Spain (I.L.); (N.T.-P.)
| | - Ignacio Ayestarán
- Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), 07120 Palma de Mallorca, Spain (I.L.); (N.T.-P.)
- Intensive Care Unit (ICU), Hospital Universitari Son Espases, 07120 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | | | - Inés Losada
- Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), 07120 Palma de Mallorca, Spain (I.L.); (N.T.-P.)
- Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitari Son Llàtzer, 07198 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Nuria Toledo-Pons
- Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), 07120 Palma de Mallorca, Spain (I.L.); (N.T.-P.)
- Pneumology Department, Hospital Universitari Son Espases, 07120 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Mercedes García Gasalla
- Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), 07120 Palma de Mallorca, Spain (I.L.); (N.T.-P.)
- Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitari Son Espases, 07120 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Joana Maria Ferrer Balaguer
- Immunology Department, Hospital Universitari Son Espases, 07120 Palma de Mallorca, Spain; (V.C.); (M.S.-G.); (J.M.F.B.)
- Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), 07120 Palma de Mallorca, Spain (I.L.); (N.T.-P.)
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Isazadeh A, Heris JA, Shahabi P, Mohammadinasab R, Shomali N, Nasiri H, Valedkarimi Z, Khosroshahi AJ, Hajazimian S, Akbari M, Sadeghvand S. Pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs) in SARS-CoV-2. Life Sci 2023; 329:121940. [PMID: 37451397 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) are specific sensors that directly recognize various molecules derived from viral or bacterial pathogens, senescent cells, damaged cells, and apoptotic cells. These sensors act as a bridge between nonspecific and specific immunity in humans. PRRs in human innate immunity were classified into six types: toll-like receptors (TLR), C-type lectin receptors (CLRs), nucleotide-binding and oligomerization domain (NOD)-like receptors (NLRs), absent in melanoma 2 (AIM2)-like receptors (ALRs), retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I)-like receptors (RLRs), and cyclic GMP-AMP (cGAMP) synthase (cGAS). Numerous types of PRRs are responsible for recognizing severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, which is immensely effective in prompting interferon responses. Detection of SARS-CoV-2 infection by PRRs causes the initiation of an intracellular signaling cascade and subsequently the activation of various transcription factors that stimulate the production of cytokines, chemokines, and other immune-related factors. Therefore, it seems that PRRs are a promising potential therapeutic approach for combating SARS-CoV-2 infection and other microbial infections. In this review, we have introduced the current knowledge of various PRRs and related signaling pathways in response to SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Isazadeh
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Javad Ahmadian Heris
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Pediatric Hospital, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Parviz Shahabi
- Department of Physiology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Reza Mohammadinasab
- Department of History of Medicine, School of Traditional Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Navid Shomali
- Department of Immunology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hadi Nasiri
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Zahra Valedkarimi
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Saba Hajazimian
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Morteza Akbari
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Shahram Sadeghvand
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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49
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Krishna VD, Chang A, Korthas H, Var SR, Low WC, Li L, Cheeran MCJ. Impact of age and sex on neuroinflammation following SARS-CoV-2 infection in a murine model. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.08.11.552998. [PMID: 37645925 PMCID: PMC10462071 DOI: 10.1101/2023.08.11.552998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the etiological agent for the worldwide COVID-19 pandemic, is known to infect people of all ages and both sexes. Senior populations have the greatest risk of severe disease, and sexual dimorphism in clinical outcomes has been reported in COVID-19. SARS-CoV-2 infection in humans can cause damage to multiple organ systems, including the brain. Neurological symptoms are widely observed in patients with COVID-19, with many survivors suffering from persistent neurological and cognitive impairment, potentially accelerating Alzheimer's disease. The present study aims to investigate the impact of age and sex on the neuroinflammatory response to SARS-CoV-2 infection using a mouse model. Wild-type C57BL/6 mice were inoculated, by intranasal route, with SARS-CoV-2 lineage B.1.351 variant known to infect mice. Older animals and in particular males exhibited a significantly greater weight loss starting at 4 dpi. In addition, male animals exhibited higher viral RNA loads and higher titers of infectious virus in the lung, which was particularly evident in males at 16 months of age. Notably, no viral RNA was detected in the brains of infected mice, regardless of age or sex. Nevertheless, expression of IL-6, TNF-α, and CCL-2 in the lung and brain was increased with viral infection. An unbiased brain RNA-seq/transcriptomic analysis showed that SARS-CoV-2 infection caused significant changes in gene expression profiles in the brain, with innate immunity, defense response to virus, cerebravascular and neuronal functions, as the major molecular networks affected. The data presented in this study show that SARS-CoV-2 infection triggers a neuroinflammatory response despite the lack of detectable virus in the brain. Age and sex have a modifying effect on this pathogenic process. Aberrant activation of innate immune response, disruption of blood-brain barrier and endothelial cell integrity, and supression of neuronal activity and axonogenesis underlie the impact of SARS-CoV-2 infection on the brain. Understanding the role of these affected pathways in SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis helps identify appropriate points of therapeutic interventions to alleviate neurological dysfunction observed during COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venkatramana D. Krishna
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | | | - Holly Korthas
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology
| | - Susanna R. Var
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Walter C. Low
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Ling Li
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology
| | - Maxim C-J. Cheeran
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA
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50
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Naushad SM, Mandadapu G, Ramaiah MJ, Almajhdi FN, Hussain T. The role of TLR7 agonists in modulating COVID-19 severity in subjects with loss-of-function TLR7 variants. Sci Rep 2023; 13:13078. [PMID: 37567916 PMCID: PMC10421879 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-40114-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
We investigate the mechanism associated with the severity of COVID-19 in men with TLR7 mutation. Men with loss-of-function (LOF) mutations in TLR7 had severe COVID-19. LOF mutations in TLR7 increased the risk of critical COVID by 16.00-fold (95% confidence interval 2.40-106.73). The deleterious mutations affect the binding of SARS-CoV2 RNA (- 328.66 ± 26.03 vs. - 354.08 ± 27.70, p = 0.03) and MYD88 (β: 40.279, p = 0.003) to TLR7 resulting in the disruption of TLR7-MyD88-TIRAP complex. In certain hypofunctional variants and all neutral/benign variants, there is no disruption of TLR7-MyD88-TIRAP complex and four TLR7 agonists showed binding affinity comparable to that of wild protein. N-acetylcysteine (NAC) also showed a higher binding affinity for the LOF variants (p = 0.03). To conclude, TLR7 LOF mutations increase the risk of critical COVID-19 due to loss of viral RNA sensing ability and disrupted MyD88 signaling. Majority of hypofunctional and neutral variants of TLR7 are capable of carrying MyD88 signaling by binding to different TLR7 agonists and NAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaik Mohammad Naushad
- Yoda LifeLine Diagnostics Pvt Ltd, 6-3-862/A, Lal Bungalow Add on, Ameerpet, Hyderabad, 500016, India.
| | | | | | - Fahad N Almajhdi
- COVID-19 Virus Research Chair, Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, 11451, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tajamul Hussain
- Center of Excellence in Biotechnology Research, College of Science, King Saud University, 11451, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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